语言社会文化英语期末论文作业

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大学通用英语期末作文范文

大学通用英语期末作文范文英文：As a non-native English speaker, I often struggle with communicating effectively in English. However, I have found that there are certain strategies that have helped me improve my language skills.Firstly, I make sure to read as much as possible in English. This includes books, articles, and even social media posts. By exposing myself to different styles of writing, I am able to expand my vocabulary and learn how to structure sentences more effectively.Secondly, I practice speaking English with native speakers whenever possible. This can be intimidating at first, but it is the best way to improve my pronunciation and learn how to use idiomatic expressions correctly. I have found that using online language exchange platforms or attending conversation groups in my community are greatways to find native speakers to practice with.Finally, I try to immerse myself in English as much as possible. This means watching TV shows and movies in English, listening to English music, and even thinking in English. By surrounding myself with the language, I am able to absorb it more naturally and improve my overall language skills.中文：作为一个非英语母语的人，我经常在用英语进行有效沟通时遇到困难。

大专英语期末总结英文作文

大专英语期末总结英文作文英文回答：In this semester's English course, I have gained a comprehensive understanding of various aspects of the English language, including grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, and writing skills. Through the completion of assignments, participation in class discussions, and active engagement in learning activities, I have developed a strong foundation in English proficiency.One of the key elements that I have mastered this semester is grammar. I have learned the fundamental rules of English grammar, including different parts of speech, sentence structures, and verb tenses. This knowledge has enabled me to construct grammatically correct and coherent sentences, improving my overall writing and speaking abilities.Furthermore, I have significantly expanded myvocabulary during this semester. I have learned a wide range of new words through reading texts, participating in vocabulary exercises, and using online resources. This increased vocabulary has enriched my ability to express myself clearly and precisely, both orally and in writing.In terms of reading comprehension, I have developed effective strategies for analyzing and interpreting texts.I have learned to identify the main idea, supporting details, and author's purpose. I can now engage with complex texts, extract key information, and critically evaluate the author's arguments.My writing skills have also improved significantly this semester. I have practiced writing various types of texts, including essays, reports, and summaries. I have learned to organize my thoughts logically, develop coherent arguments, and use appropriate language and tone. My writing has become more structured, clear, and persuasive.In addition to these fundamental skills, I have also explored the cultural and social aspects of the Englishlanguage. Through class discussions and presentations, I have gained insights into different English-speaking cultures, their values, and their unique perspectives.Overall, I am extremely grateful for the opportunity to have studied English this semester. I have made significant progress in my English proficiency and developed a deeper understanding of the language. I am confident that the knowledge and skills I have acquired will continue tobenefit me in my future academic and professional endeavors.中文回答：在这一学期的英语课程中，我对自己 acquired a comprehensive understanding comprehensived of 各种各种aspects aspects of the English language, including grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, and writing skills. 通过完成作业，参与课堂讨论，并积极参与学习活动，我已经并且已经在 English proficiency proficiency 中发展出了一个坚实的基础。

英语期末作文议论文

英语期末作文议论文1. Technology is changing our lives at an unprecedented pace. From smartphones to social media, we are constantly bombarded with new ways to connect and communicate with others. It's both exciting and overwhelming, but one thingis for sure we can't escape the influence of technology in our daily lives.2. Social media has become a double-edged sword. On one hand, it allows us to stay connected with friends and family, share our thoughts and experiences, and even build communities around common interests. On the other hand, it can also be a breeding ground for negativity, cyberbullying, and fake news. It's important to be mindful of how we use social media and the impact it has on our mental health.3. The rise of artificial intelligence and automationis reshaping the job market. While it may bring aboutgreater efficiency and productivity, it also raisesconcerns about job displacement and income inequality. Aswe move towards a more automated future, it's crucial to reevaluate our education system and workforce training programs to ensure that people are equipped with the skills needed to thrive in this new era.4. Climate change is one of the most pressing issues of our time. The Earth is warming at an alarming rate, leading to more frequent natural disasters, rising sea levels, and loss of biodiversity. It's up to each and every one of us to take action and reduce our carbon footprint, whetherit's through recycling, using public transportation, or supporting sustainable businesses.5. Mental health awareness has gained more attention in recent years, but there is still a stigma surrounding mental illness. It's important to have open and honest conversations about mental health, to break down barriers and provide support for those who are struggling. Remember, it's okay not to be okay, and seeking help is a sign of strength, not weakness.6. In a world that is increasingly divided by politics,religion, and culture, it's more important than ever to practice empathy and understanding towards others. We may have different beliefs and opinions, but at the end of the day, we are all human beings with the same basic needs and desires. Let's strive to build bridges instead of walls, and create a more inclusive and compassionate society for all.。

英语语言文化方面优秀范文.doc

英语语言文化方面论文优秀范文英语语言文化方面论文优秀范文篇1浅析中学英语教学中语言文化教育在素质教育指导下，外语教学不仅要求学生具有语言能力，而且还要具备交际能力。

英语不仅要作为知识来掌握，更要作为一种语言，一种交流工具来使用，这就要求学生在学习运用英语时，不仅要合乎语法，而且要恰当、得体，可以为人接受，同时也要求教师除了传授正确的语音、语调、语法知识，也不可忽视语言背景，文化的参透。

正因如此，英美文化知识不再是英语教学中可有可无部分，相反的，它的传授，不仅将正确引导学生如何用英语进行大方、得体交际，而且将对中学英语教学起相当的推动作用。

一、有助于实施情感教学，提高学生兴趣夸美纽斯也说过：兴趣是创造一个欢乐和光明的教学环境的主要途径之一。

轻松愉快的课堂气氛，师生情感的融洽互动，能激励学生对英语的学习兴趣，促进学生积极主动地参与教学活动，从而学生会获得情感的满足，掌握交际中需要注意的知识，恰是调动气氛的良好工具。

例如在学生入门学thank you 时，不妨利用中英美文化的差异，插入这样一则跨文化交际的笑话：一位外国朋友不知道汉语中的哪里!哪里! 另有自谦的意思。

一次他参加一对中国新人的婚礼时，很有礼貌地赞美新娘you are beautiful today(今天您真漂亮)。

一旁的新郎代新娘说：where where(哪里!哪里!)。

不料，这位外国朋友听了大吃一惊，想不到笼统的赞美，中国人还不过瘾，还需要举例说明，于是他便用生硬的中国话说：头发、眉毛、眼睛、耳朵、鼻子、嘴巴都漂亮! 这样，相信学生都能在笑声中轻而易举地记住在英美国家中应用thank you 来回答别人的赞美，同时也能激发他们对学习英语的兴趣。

兴趣是最好的老师，调动学生的学习积极性，提高学生的学习兴趣是学生非智力因素中最可利用的有效因素，兴致高了，学习自然就成了一种乐趣，对知识能力的培养也就容易多了。

二、有利于提高学生对文化差异的意识，提高英语学习质量学生学习外语时往往难以摆脱母语的干扰，即使他们对一些固定的表达方式或习惯用语了如指掌，真正使用时，仍会出现错误。

关于英语语言文化论文

关于英语语言文化论文语言是交际工具、思维工具、认知工具，文化的载体、信息(知识、情报、资料)的载体。

下文是店铺为大家整理的关于英语语言文化论文的范文，欢迎大家阅读参考!关于英语语言文化论文篇1浅谈英语语言中姓氏的文化内涵摘要：每个人都拥有自己的姓氏，它作为一种符号，构成了文化载体的一个重要部分。

作为一种较为特殊的文化现象，英语姓氏有着极其复杂的构成和来源，其中可能埋藏着历史、经济、文化、地理等众多因素。

对于接触语言、文化的研究者，探析英文姓氏来源的工作十分必要。

本文尝试探索英语姓氏的演变历程，从而揭开现代英文姓氏与其本源的关系。

这必将对英文教学以及加深学生了解英语文化具有重要意义。

关键词：英语姓氏来源文化英语语言自从有了文明，人类为了便于繁衍生息、交流沟通，就发明了姓氏。

随着历史进程和社会的发展，姓名的构成和习用逐步形成。

每人都有属于自己的姓氏，它作为一种符号，构成了文化载体的一个重要部分。

作为一种较为特殊的文化现象，英语姓氏有着极其复杂的构成和来源，其中可能埋藏着历史、经济、文化、地理等诸多的因素。

对于学习英语语言的人来说，探析英文中的姓氏来源，具有重要的意义。

古代英国在经历了多次外族入侵，才得以形成英语民族及其语言。

这是以盎格鲁撒克逊人和凯尔特人为主的世界上众多民族共同努力的结果。

到了近代，英语民族的活动舞台随着大英帝国不断向海外的扩张而进一步扩展，也就更大范围地吸收了其他民族的血统和语言。

其中，尤以美利坚民族和美国英语的形成最为典型。

这自然也就让英语姓名系统变的更加复杂化。

尤其是在现、当代，英语民族血统进一步多元化，英语语言体系进一步扩大化，这当归功于大批涌入英语国家或地区的移民。

尽管外来移民的姓名不断被英语同化，但多多少少都会保持原民族的某些特征。

据英美姓名学家统计，如今英语姓名的语源就与三十多个大小语种相关。

下面，我们着重来看英语姓名在其本土的演化发展过程。

在英伦三岛被诺曼底人入侵以前，即公元1006年的诺曼征服前，英国人没有姓，只有名。

language and culture英语论文

The language and the social cultureIntroductionThe language and the culture belong to the social phenomenon, the language, one of social cultural essential factors, which is the cultural carrier. The culture is handed down through language, they have close relationship. The language is used in the certain cultural context, the language use receives cultural the restriction, the differences between languages have reflected the differences of national culture. Because each nationality's geographical position, the historical development, the thinking mode, the habits and customs, the value , the religious belief and so on are different, thus has formed the different cultural standard, namely so-called cultural difference. The culture teaches people how to use the language, but certain language forms only then in the specific cultural context, can have the related language human relations significance. Like the Chinese culture adopts frequently from censures or the denial form replied the commendation shows modestly, but English nationality then adopts the affirmation form, replies "Thank you”. The human relations ability both included four languages abilities (to listen, to say, to read, writes), and has included the social culture ability, namely could carry on the harmonious human relations with another kind of cultural person the ability. In in the Trans-Culture background language learning environment, the biggest barrier is the cultural difference brings the influence. Therefore, lacks the understanding of the culture, we can’t communicate easily and we may misunderstand each other语言和文化均属于社会现象，语言是社会文化的要素之一，是文化的载体，文化通过语言的存储与传播而时代相传，两者关系密切。

英语期末考核论文doc

作业标题：期末考核How can I make a difference in the students’ growth as a teacher?I think if you want to make a difference in the students’ growth, you need to make students like you first. Otherwise whatever you say and whatever you do, your students won’t car e at all“teacher”is the word,her a look, a conversation, a homework comments, a denial or help, can make the students life also can destroy the student's life ".This sentence reflects the responsibilities of teachers and the importance in their growing.First of all, you need to love your students. Love is the greatest strength in the world. Love is kind of sincere enthusiasm from a teacher’s heart. And it is the key to the success of education. Since the teacher takes over a class, he will be responsible for the class to the end, caring for every student, treating them as his own children. Teachers’ love is every here and there. For outstanding students, they strengthen supervision and make strict requirements. For junior students, they teach them and prompt their progress.Teacher's love is like spring rain, no matter how moist, students will have a huge effect, which causes students to see their own value, generate upwardforce. Because of this, the students desire to the cradle of love, sometimes even more than the pursuit of knowledge. On the other side, love is infectious. You love students, students will love others more.Political and ideological and moral quality of teachers is reflected in the teacher occupation responsibility, as a teacher of the people, in the teaching should have a strong sense of responsibility, this responsibility is mainly reflected in the following aspects:The first involves, of all the students responsible for. Teaching and educating teachers should face all students. We are the day when the teacher entered the gate, then for each student to take responsibility, to care for students, respect the students' personality, they are to promote development in various aspects of morality, intelligence, physique. But our teacher and some not so, they always prefer eugenics, and discrimination of backward students. Open to the class of alienation, and even personality insult. In criticizing the student not patience, but threats. The students all nervous, be always on tenterhooks, the consequences can only be more hurt children initiative, form the cowardly incompetence, cowardly character. The ancients said "Xian Jun from appreciating love, stubborn, also be pitied when pity." For students, for teachers to more care, so thatthey can in this big warm family has grow. The children can't give oneself over to blind emotions, favourite one more than another.The second point, responsible for the future of the students. We often say: "a tree, but a hundred years." Today's education teaching form is the teachers "packet level system", and the process of training students is "water", if not qualified students to distinguish which one is the responsibility of the teacher. The teacher is in such "irresponsibility" position. The education is a long-term development process, is also a chain of processes. A link has the defects will constitute the difficulties for other links, thereby affecting the normal growth of students. Today, some teachers will have this idea, they can't do love and dedication, diligence, that several classes a finished, they seek safety in flight. Usually not delving, pro class to rush into battle, no preparation before class. Today is not happy, let the studentsself-study, drunk with tomorrow, let the students free activities. So you missed the students. We should admit that, education work is hard, the teacher every day with a lot of mundane work, day in and day out, year after year, lesson preparation, class, ….. , repetitive work is monotonous and lack of fresh, stimulating. Moreover, the teachers' social status and living conditions are relatively low. But we teachers should be based on the present, look to the future, hard, work diligently and conscientiously, willing to be lonely, to act as a ladder, take this glorious andarduous task. For the sake of future generations, for the parents responsible, responsibility for the students, for our motherland great industry.。

期末英语作文70字议论文

期末英语作文70字议论文Title: The Power of Education。

Education is undeniably one of the most significant factors that shape individuals and societies. It equips people with knowledge, skills, and values necessary to lead fulfilling lives and contribute to the betterment of the world. With the power to transform lives and break barriers, education plays a crucial role in personal growth, social development, and economic progress.Firstly, education empowers individuals by providing them with knowledge and critical thinking skills. Through formal education systems, individuals gain access to a wide range of subjects, including mathematics, science, literature, and history. This knowledge not only broadens their understanding of the world but also enables them to make informed decisions and think critically. Education equips individuals with the tools to analyze information, question assumptions, and solve problems. By fosteringintellectual curiosity and analytical thinking, education empowers individuals to challenge traditional beliefs, explore new ideas, and contribute to the advancement of society.Moreover, education promotes personal growth and development. It helps individuals discover their passions, talents, and interests. By exposing students to various disciplines and extracurricular activities, education allows them to explore different avenues and discover their strengths. Education provides a platform for self-expression, creativity, and personal growth, enabling individuals to unlock their full potential. Furthermore, education instills important values such as discipline, responsibility, and perseverance, which are crucial for personal success. These values not only contribute to individual growth but also shape the character of individuals, making them responsible and ethical citizens.In addition to personal growth, education plays a vital role in social development. It fosters social cohesion, understanding, and empathy among individuals from diversebackgrounds. By promoting inclusivity and tolerance, education breaks down barriers and fosters a sense of community. Education equips individuals with the knowledge and understanding necessary to appreciate and respect different cultures, beliefs, and perspectives. This, in turn, promotes social harmony and reduces prejudice and discrimination. Education also plays a crucial role in promoting gender equality and empowering marginalized communities. By providing equal opportunities for education, societies can ensure that every individual has a chance to thrive and contribute to society.Furthermore, education is a catalyst for economic progress. It equips individuals with the skills and knowledge necessary to participate in the workforce and contribute to economic growth. Education enhances employability by providing individuals with specializedskills required in various industries. It enablesindividuals to adapt to technological advancements and contribute to innovation and productivity. Moreover, education fosters entrepreneurship and empowers individuals to start their own businesses, creating job opportunitiesand driving economic development. By investing in education, societies can ensure a skilled workforce, reduce unemployment rates, and enhance overall economic prosperity.In conclusion, education is a powerful tool that hasthe potential to transform individuals and societies. It empowers individuals by providing them with knowledge, critical thinking skills, and personal development opportunities. Education also promotes social cohesion, inclusivity, and empathy, fostering a harmonious and progressive society. Moreover, education plays a crucialrole in driving economic progress by equipping individuals with the skills necessary for the workforce and promoting entrepreneurship. Therefore, it is essential for governments, communities, and individuals to prioritize and invest in education to unlock its full potential and create a brighter future for all.。

文化类议论文英语作文模板

文化类议论文英语作文模板Title: Cultural Class Discursive Essay English Writing Template。

Introduction。

The world is a diverse and vibrant place, filled with different cultures, traditions, and customs. In this cultural class discursive essay, we will explore the importance of culture, the impact of globalization on cultural diversity, and the role of education in preserving and promoting cultural heritage. Through this discussion, we hope to gain a deeper understanding of the significance of cultural diversity and the ways in which we can celebrate and preserve it.Importance of Culture。

Culture is an integral part of our identity and plays a crucial role in shaping our beliefs, values, and behaviors.It encompasses a wide range of elements, including language, religion, art, music, cuisine, and social customs. Culture provides us with a sense of belonging and helps us connect with others who share similar traditions and beliefs. It also serves as a source of inspiration, creativity, and innovation, contributing to the richness and diversity of human society.Furthermore, culture is a reflection of our history, heritage, and collective experiences. It allows us to learn from the past, appreciate the present, and envision the future. By preserving and promoting our cultural heritage, we can pass down valuable knowledge and wisdom to future generations, fostering a sense of continuity and belonging.Impact of Globalization on Cultural Diversity。

社会语言学英语作文

社会语言学英语作文For young people, mastering one or several foreign languages has become a valuable asset. Some people find it easy to learn a foreign language, while others find it a real headache. To write an explanatory article to explain whether it is quite complicated for different types of language learners to master a foreign language.However, due to the conflict between different language learning motivations and the processing methods of the target language, the final judgment should depend on the case study of several key factors. In this case, the relationship between China and other countries has changed greatly More and more foreign companies are investing in China, and more and more people, especially young people, are particularly interested in foreign language learning, because their language ability may become a pass for a respected joint venture or bring them a high salary vacancy. In addition, some observers believe that adequate financial support from well-known foreign educational institutions also contributes to the rise of language learners.For example, in China, if a student performs well in examinations such as TOEFL or GRE, he is more likely to be admitted to a foreign university. This consideration can partlyexplain the increase in language learners. However, in other cases, the above situations are not always enough.For example, a person is likely to finish a linguistics out of his interest, or he is planning to be an interpreter. These are exceptions, but according to the above analysis, they do exist, and it is reasonable to conclude that it is a social phenomenon that more and more people begin to learn a foreign language, but Johnson, on the one hand, has to bear in mind that what they have to pay attention to in their language learning is to improve their awareness of English pronunciation It's a pet.。

语言和文化的英文作文初一

语言和文化的英文作文初一Language and culture are closely connected. Language is not just a tool for communication, but also a carrier of culture. It reflects the history, customs, and values of a society. Different languages have their own unique features, and they shape the way people think and perceive the world.Culture encompasses many aspects of human life,including customs, traditions, art, and social norms. It is what gives a group of people their identity and sense of belonging. Through language, people are able to express and pass on their culture, preserving it for future generations.Language and culture influence each other in various ways. For example, language can shape cultural norms and values, and cultural practices can influence the development of language. This dynamic relationship between language and culture is essential for understanding and appreciating diversity in the world.Learning a new language can open doors to understanding different cultures. It allows people to communicate with others from different backgrounds and gain insights into their way of life. By embracing diversity in language and culture, we can foster mutual respect and appreciation for the richness of human experience.In today's globalized world, it is important to recognize and celebrate the diversity of languages and cultures. By doing so, we can promote intercultural understanding and build bridges between people from different parts of the world. Embracing linguistic and cultural diversity is key to creating a more inclusive and harmonious society.。

英语语言文化论文

英语语言文化论文很多情况下，英语对汉语的冲击属于一种性质上的侵略。

广告是一种性质上的侵略。

很多产品在广告中利用英语表达了很多的内容。

在广告中利用英语更加具有科学性和时尚性，同时也能够给客户留下深刻的印象。

很多知名品牌采用了这种英语的形式，大量的英语占据着我国的广告市场。

著名体育品牌李宁，在广告语中就有“一些皆有可能（Anythingispossible）”的广告语。

安踏广告中就有一个Keepmoving的广告语。

很多知名品牌都是英文的缩写。

例如，Audi、MOTO、NOKIA、Sony等很多词汇都存在这种现象，在我们的生活中很常见。

相关人士认为在广告中使用英语对汉语是一种冲击，很多人都批评了这种现象。

他们认为这种使用英语的形式本身已经忽略了客户对英语的理解能力，客户本身不了解其中蕴含的意思，很难购置这样的商品，本身影响了产业的销售。

但是事实上并不是这样，很多人认为印有西方字样的产品，本身就代表着时髦。

产品本身包含了西方的技术，同时也是一种大国的经济实力的表达。

由于这些原因，很多人愿意购置这些产品。

需要进展说明的是带有西方字样的产品本身虽然带有一些西方的文化气息，但是并不能说明这些产品本身蕴含着西方的文化气息，也不代表就具有很高的品质，这种观点是错误的。

很多学生在学习的过程中喜欢用一些缩略词汇，用几个字母代替一些长的词汇。

像MBA、NBA、CAD等在汉语中都是一些很长的文字，表达的方式也很复杂，英语单词也是很复杂的词汇，利用英文单词首字母缩写的形式，防止了发音和书写的繁琐性，词语表述也更加清晰，像这样的词汇使用效率非常高。

另外英语中还存在一些直译与音译的形式，也属于对中国汉语的的冲击。

例如，汉语中将刚刚步入大一的学生成为新鲜人。

英语中成为freshman，这单词已经遍布了我国很多地区。

还有关于“秀”这个词，采用了show的音译，被翻译成演出或者表演。

这个词也衍生出了很多的词语。

做秀、秀服、脱口秀、生活秀都是从show衍生出来的。

人文英语期末考试作文

人文英语期末考试作文：探索跨文化交流的重要性与挑战In the ever-evolving global landscape, cross-cultural communication has become an integral part of our daily lives. As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, the significance of understanding and respecting cultural differences becomes paramount. However, this process is not without its challenges, and it is these challenges that often pose the greatest obstacles to effective cross-cultural communication.The importance of cross-cultural communication cannot be overstated. In the globalized world, businesses, governments, and individuals alike must navigate the nuances of various cultures to succeed. For example, in business negotiations, understanding cultural norms of etiquette and protocol can significantly influence the outcome. Similarly, in international relations, a failure to recognize and respect cultural differences can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts.Moreover, cross-cultural communication is essential for personal growth and development. By engaging with diversecultures, individuals gain a broader perspective on the world, enhancing their understanding of other cultures and their own. This, in turn, can foster a more inclusive and tolerant society.However, the process of cross-cultural communication is not without its challenges. Language barriers, for instance, can pose significant obstacles to understanding. Even when speaking the same language, cultural differences in language usage and interpretation can lead to misunderstandings. Additionally, cultural values andbeliefs can clash, leading to conflict and misinterpretation.To overcome these challenges, it is essential todevelop cultural awareness and sensitivity. This involves understanding the values, beliefs, and behaviors that underlie a particular culture. By doing so, individuals can better navigate the nuances of cross-cultural communication and avoid potential pitfalls.Moreover, it is crucial to maintain an open and respectful attitude towards other cultures. This involves acknowledging and respecting cultural differences, ratherthan assuming that one's own culture is superior. By doing so, individuals can foster a more inclusive and harmonious global community.In conclusion, cross-cultural communication is an essential skill in today's globalized world. It is crucial for success in business, government, and personal life alike. However, to be effective, it requires a deep understanding of cultural differences and the ability to navigate them gracefully. By developing cultural awareness and sensitivity, and maintaining an open and respectful attitude, we can overcome the challenges of cross-cultural communication and build a more interconnected and harmonious world.**人文英语期末考试作文：探索跨文化交流的重要性与挑战** 在不断演变的全球格局中，跨文化交流已经成为我们日常生活的不可或缺的一部分。

2023人文英语4作文

2023人文英语4作文英文回答：In an era characterized by rapid technological advancements and an ever-evolving global landscape, exploring the intricate relationship between language, culture, and identity is of paramount importance. Language is not merely a means of communication; it is a reflection of the social, cultural, and historical contexts in which it is used. It shapes our perceptions, thoughts, and interactions with the world.Culture, on the other hand, encompasses the beliefs, values, customs, and traditions that define a particular group of people. It influences how we interpret and respond to our surroundings, shaping our identities and our sense of belonging. Language and culture are inextricably linked, as language serves as a vehicle for expressing and transmitting cultural norms and values.Identity, in turn, refers to the unique characteristics and experiences that define who we are. It encompasses our sense of self, our values, and our place in the world. Language and culture play a crucial role in shaping our identities, as they provide us with a sense of belongingand a framework for understanding ourselves and our placein society.The relationship between language, culture, andidentity is a complex and multifaceted one. Languagereflects and shapes culture, while culture influences andis expressed through language. Both language and culture contribute to the formation of our identities, providing us with a sense of belonging and a framework for understanding the world around us.Understanding the interconnectedness of language, culture, and identity is essential for navigating the complexities of an increasingly interconnected world. By appreciating the diversity of languages and cultures, wecan foster mutual understanding, respect, and collaboration. It allows us to engage with different perspectives,challenge our assumptions, and develop a more nuanced understanding of the human experience.中文回答：语言、文化、身份三者之间有著密切的关系。

英语语言文化论文参考范文

英语语言文化论文参考范文推荐文章英汉语言对比论文优秀范文热度：关于英语语言学论文范文参考热度：英语语言文化方面论文优秀范文热度：关于英语语言文化论文范文热度：英语系语言学本科毕业论文参考范文热度：随着现代科技的发展,英语在国际交流中的地位日益突出，作为世界上使用最广泛的语言,其重要性是不言而喻的。

下文是店铺为大家整理的关于英语语言文化论文参考范文的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!英语语言文化论文参考范文篇1高校英语语言文化特点探究一、高校英语教学的现状目前，我国的英语教学现状是太过注重书面上英语的学习，而在实际应用中真正重要的听说能力的练习却被大量的练习或者是背诵的时间给占用了，使学生不能很好的锻炼自己的听说能力，这一现象是从小学到大学相连贯的，虽然现在高校或者说教育部对各种考试的英语的听说能力提出了新的要求，但是不可改变的一个客观的事实就是，普遍的高校大学生的听说能力不佳。

而在这个基础上就很容易产生很多冷幽默性的问题，那就是中国式英语在校园间的调侃式的兴起，由于我们的文化还是中国文化，所以即使我们学习英语的语法，但是在严重缺少练习环境的情况下，我们说的仍旧是中国式的英语，比如说有一个电视节目叫做《天天向上》，就用了盛行于高校的“Day day up”，现在在高校最典型的一种表达方式是“long time no see”，实际上这是我们打招呼时候说的“好久不见了”，但却被用英语表达出来了，实际上这种语法在英语中是不正确的，但是这种用法却也被承认了下来，中国式的英语也被收录进了英语的语法表达中，这一方面体现了文化融合对语言文化的影响，同时也就说明了高校英语语言文化的一个重要特征那就是中国化的英语。

还有一种有点尴尬的情况就是，英语中的极简短的词汇的盛行，怎么说是盛行呢，比如说我们经常说的“hello”、“thank you”、“thanks”、“goodbye”、“bye”、“wc”等这些比较简单的词语在高校中的应用还是非常广的，而这也许还会让我们看到了英语语言文化在中国的改造过程，中国人更乐于说汉语，这是毋庸置疑的，因为这是其最熟悉的语言，自己说错的可能性不大，相反如果是说英语的没有相应的水平支撑的话就很容易造成尴尬。

社会语言学学期论文-作业

Cultural values in English and Chinese Politeness社会语言学作业What is politeness? While stopping the car at the toll station, the vocalized machine said: “excuse me，20 Yuan please！”（你好，请付20元）As we all know that “nihao”in china usually means to greet others and is commonly interpreted into English as “how are you”, “how d o you do” or even “hello”. It is definitely unreasonable to understand this version this way in the situation of a toll station. Another example, why on earth Hugh Grant is considered amusing? A lthough he kept bumbling “Oh I’m sorry I err, rather, I mean, I didn’t want to offend…” these words seem so polite superficially, while people from other cultures find this just plain awkward and embarrassing to watch. These two examples of politeness differ from the common knowledge of politeness, such as offering your seat to the elderly on a bus is considered polite behavior, and interrupting when someone is talking is considered impolite or to greet someone the first time you meet him in the morning is polite and to stand up to reach for the dish you want at a dinner table is impolite.As a social phenomenon which can be observed, politeness is something superficial but to explain what is perceived on the surface we can delve into the depth where different cultural values are rooted. However, the social and communicative context of politeness is much more profound than the intersection. In order to examine this issue more thoroughly, this study poses questions including the following:•What are the theories about the politeness on terms of linguistics?•What role does politeness play in the prospective of cross-cultural communication?•What are the major differences between English politeness and Chinese politeness?•What implications can be attached to English teaching and learning?ⅠPoliteness theory ?Politeness can at once be understood as a means to achieve good interpersonal relationship, and a norm imposed by social conventions（何兆熊2-8）. Politeness theory is the theory that accounts for the redressing of the affronts to face posed by face-threatening acts to addressees（Foley 495）. First formulated in 1978 by Penelope Brown and Stephen Levinson, politeness theory has since expanded academia’s perception of politeness.Politeness is the exp ression of the speakers’ intention to mitigate face threats carried by certain face threatening acts toward another (Mills 6). Another definition is "a battery of social skills whose goal is to ensure everyone feels affirmed in a social interaction"（Foley 495）. Being polite therefore consists of attempting to save face for another.Face is the public self image that every adult tries to project. In their book, Brown and Levinson defined positive face two ways: as "the want of every member that his wants be desirable to at least some others", or alternately, "the positive consistent self-image or 'personality' claimed by interactants. Negative face was defined as "the want of every 'competent adult member' that his actions be unimpeded by others", or "the basic claim to territories, personal preserves, rights to non-distraction--i.e. the freedom of action and freedom from imposition"（Brown；Levinson 345）.Ten years later, Brown characterized positive face by desires to be liked, admired, ratified, and related to positively, noting that one would threaten positive face by ignoring someone. At the same time, she characterized negative face by the desire not to be imposed upon, noting that negative face could be impinged upon by imposing on someone（Coates 259）. Positive Face refers to one's self-esteem, while negative face refers to one's freedom to act（Foley 495）. The two aspects of face are the basic wants in any social interaction, and so during any social interaction, cooperation is needed amongst the participants to maintain each others' faces（Foley 495）.ⅡPoliteness in cross-cultural CommunicationThe growing interest in linguistic politeness points out to the importance of this issue in human interaction and especially in intercultural studies.Questions dealing with this social and linguistic phenomenon and its realization in different cultures are investigated in a number of social sciences, such as anthropology, cultural anthropology, psychology, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, cross-cultural pragmatics, applied linguistics, communication. Be-cause of its complex character, politeness can be vie-wed only from an interdisciplinary point of view.Communication is not only the transmission of information but also of attitudes. Many problems in intercultural communication arise from the difficulty of finding appropriate ways to signal attitudes to interlocutors. Even relatively simple misunderstandings are sometimes difficult to regulate in intercultural situations. Talking to a foreigner, people usually easily forgive grammar or lexical mistakes as they are attributed to faulty linguistic knowledge, but are very sensitive to an inappropriate use of politeness formulas, as they are attributed to intentional cause1（Janney 13-15）.Being interculturally polite is a very complicated skill. Interpersonal communication is the most sensitive area of intercultural communication. Linguistic knowledge is not enough for successful communication, as politeness formulas are usually not translatable, though very often they seem to be similar. They are used in different situations and can be easily misunderstood. But what is most essential is that politeness is not a set of etiquette formulas. It is a system of communicative strategies which in different cultures are not fully shared. Being polite in another culture requires skills of using culturally specific strategies and modifying verbal and non-verbal behavior. Predictability of others’ behavior is necessary for successful communication, for understanding the interlocutor’s activity and planning one’s own. When an interlocutor’s behavior differs from what was expected, misunderstanding occurs. Such misunderstanding can lead to stereotyping, which in turn harms communication.Stereotypes should not be judged in a negative way only. They are important signals of cultural differences, which should be in a particular focus of attention of researchers. Indeed there are serious reasons for English peopleto judge Chinese as impolite: they often sound imposing, argumentative, even aggressive, ask private questions, give ad-vice even to strangers, interrupt interlocutors etc. But such conduct should not be considered as impoliteness. It can be explained through social relationships and cultural values. As Wierzbicka claims, linguistic differences are due to “aspects of culture much deeper than mere norms of politeness” and are associated wit h cultural differences （Wierzbicka 145）. To understand cultural differences which influence communicative behavior is a necessary part of intercultural communicative competence.ⅢCultural values in English and Chinese PolitenessSpeakers of different cultures try to observe and maintain politeness, which is perceived as a social phenomenon, a communicative strategy and a prescriptive norm imposed by the particular social conventions. However, differences do arise from the different origins of the notion of politeness and the cultural value orientations, which have been gradually formed in the course of history under the influence of various factors. To deal with politeness phenomena, we must take such relevant cultural matters into full consideration. Thus, after the contrastive study of the different usages of politeness language in English and Chinese, this section aims to conclude the cultural values which give birth to the politeness differences.3.1 Being modest and Self-denigrationIt is known to us that to be modest is a way to show politeness. The Chinese equivalent of “modesty” is qianxu, whose cultural connotation is quite different from that of the word in English culture in many ways: Chinese qianxu involves putting down oneself and elevating others while “modesty” as Leech’s Theory puts, is to avoid self-praise; Chinese qianxu remains at the core of Chinese politeness while “modesty” is not so valued by English speakers; qianxu is regarded as a virtue of self-cultivation, which servers as the foundation on which Chinese politeness is built whereas “modesty” functions as a strategy of minimizing self-praise. On this phase, assertiveness and non-assertiveness in English culture and Chinese culture respectively are best displayed, which caneasily be seen from different attitudes toward the act of being complimented.As Deng Yanchang and Liu Runqing note, the different responses to compliments in English and Chinese stem from their different cultural assumptions and values: in English culture, it is generally assumed that the praise is sincere and/or the praise is for some not unworthy achievement or something else（邓炎昌；刘润清77）. Thus, there should be no show of false humility or no pretended modesty; however, to Chinese, acceptance of praise will be assumed to be self-conceited or lack of good manners. Besides, the different usages of address terms, especially the respectful terms, can very well serve the purpose of illustrating the different connotations of “modesty” and qianxu.To sum up, “modesty” in English culture stresses other-elevating, but not necessarily and very rarely self-denigrating and other-elevating, but with a more stress on self-denigrating. To denigrate the self is aimed to show respect to the other. Chinese modesty or more precisely self-denigration, encompassing respectfulness and humility has long been a well-established tradition and a highly valued virtue in Chinese culture. It has been as the core of the Chinese notion of politeness for more than two thousand years.3.2 Privacy and Attitudinal WarmthPrivacy is valued in all cultures but the understanding of “privacy” in two cultures is quite different. It is more highly regarded in English culture than in Chinese culture. Chinese culture pays great importance to human feelings and interpersonal relationships. According to Chinese conventions, to show attitudinal warmth for others is considered as polite behavior. Therefore, it is customary that Chinese people initiate their conversation by asking about each other’s age, marital status, occupation and even income when they meet each other even for the first time. To Chinese, asking all these questions is undertaken to show concern for others and will shorten distance between themselves and their interlocutors. Thus, harmonious relationship is maintained. But this conflicts with the English conception of individual privacy. Their sense of privacy is so strong that they are easily offended by such common Chinesegreetings as” Where are you going?” Where have you been?” In this case, the natural response of most English speakers is most likely to be” It is none of your business!”It doesn’t mean that Chinese people have no privacy, but implies that their conception of privacy is quite different from that in English culture. Chinese conception of privacy penetrates a value of a sort and that it not just refers to one’s personal things, but also belongs to one’s in-group like the family while the English notion of privacy is related to one’s everything and is sacred.3.3 Solidarity and PowerAs a sociolinguistic term, “solidarity” not only refers to the equal and informal relationship but also the desire for establishing equality, intimacy, common interest, and a sharing between people, etc. while “power” ,is closely related to one’s social status, family position, age, education, and achievement, etc. Solidarity and power relationships exist in all cultures. Solidarity and power represent the different orientation of interpersonal relationships in English and Chinese cultures respectively. The address terms and expressions of thanks can said to be the salient manifestations of solidarity or power relationship.The emphasis on solidarity over power can best be demonstrated in the wide use of first names in their daily interactions. According to Deng Yanchang and Liu Runqing, first naming as an address form, which was formerly applied to define intimate relationships only, has now been employed to describe general relationships between people of different social status and among strangers. In contrast, status differences overrule social distance in Chinese culture. That is, the interpersonal relationship among Chinese is power-oriented or status-marked. Chinese people tend to accept the hierarchical relationships. They pay much attention to power and authority and hence stress status and/or age difference in their everyday communication（邓炎昌；刘润清77）.The orientation of power relationship is best manifested in the common use of respectful terms like “nin” in the case of addressing others. “Whenever one speaks to a superior or an elder, one has to employ honorifics no matter howclose they may be”(Gudykunst；Mody 606).This is quite counter to the English practice.”One can imagine the reactions of adults if a child were to call a grandparent by his or her first name, or a student to do the same in calling a teacher.”(邓炎昌；刘润清30).What is more, age has long been one of the most important elements of status or power.3.4 Individualism and CollectivismEnglish culture is characterized by individualism and Chinese culture characterized by collectivism. Mao stated that since face is a public image that every member in the society wants to earn for himself/herself, the image manifests a politeness orientation: the orientation of ideal social identity or the orientation of ideal individual autonomy. According to Mao, politeness in English culture is oriented to the ideal individual autonomy while politeness in Chinese culture is oriented to the ideal social identity. Differences of politeness languages in English and Chinese, especially the usage of request and refusal, can be explained by this kind of culture value.Individualism is characterized by individuals’ subordinating the goals of collectives to their personal goals. The major characteristic of individualism in the English culture is "I" consciousness and self-orientation: competition rather than cooperation is encouraged; personal goals take precedence over group goals; people tend not to be emotionally dependent on organizations and institutions; and every individual has the right to own his or her privacy, thoughts and opinions. These cultures stress individual initiative and achievement, and they value individual decision-making.Collectivism is characterized by individuals subordinating their personal goals to the goals of some collectives and by a rigid social framework that distinguishes between in-group and out-group. In the Chinese culture it is "we” consciousness and collectivity-orientation. It values interdependence and considers individual aggressive behavior negatively. Group achievement is emphasized, and a harmonious in-group interaction is the goal. Collectivism is the core of Chinese culture.ⅣImplicationTo fully explain the cultural specificity of politeness, we need to explore the specific values of the cultures in question in that talking about politeness without considering the social norms and cultural values of a particular culture is just like a tree without a root. The issue of politeness in English and Chinese cultural has been mentioned above and we can infer that different realizations and standards of politeness often lead to miscommunication in English-Chinese interactions. These findings may be of considerable significance in cross-cultural communication and foreign language teaching and learning.4.1 Implications for Cross-Cultural CommunicationPeople from different socio-cultural backgrounds tend to have very different beliefs and value orientations, and there differences can readily be reflected in their practice of politeness. The close contrastive analyses of differences can easily cause mutual misunderstandings or interpersonal conflicts. Given the contrastive study of English and Chinese politeness so far, it might seem that the best way to avoid unnecessary cross-cultural miscommunication would be to know as much information as possible regarding the diversity of sociolinguistic behavior of politeness, to build mutual understanding and to foster an attitude of tolerance towards this aspect of differences.Therefore, adaptation to each other’s value systems is the key to achieve successful communication across cultures. Our world gets smaller with the development of communication technologies and transportation means and people from different cultures come increasingly into closer contact with one another. As a result, cross-cultural communication has become an undeniable fact. To function effectively and successfully in cross-cultural encounters, people should develop cross-cultural awareness, promote cultural exchange and achieve mutual understanding.4.2. Implications for Foreign Language Teaching and LearningAdequate knowledge of grammatical and lexical distinctions enable theforeign language learners to speak accurately and to understand information explicitly stated, but not necessarily to speak appropriately and understand exactly what is meant in specific contexts. The former case involves one’s linguistic competence (knowledge of language structure) while the latter relates to one’s communicative competence (cultural knowledge of language use).Getting the right message across is not always easy when the problems become more serious and difficult cross-culturally. Moreover, the lack of linguistic competence can easily be detected, while communication difficulties resulting from different cultural assumptions and expectations about appropriate sociolinguistic behavior are hard to detect and are most probably associated wi th the speaker’s politeness or rather with the lack of it. In this sense, linguistic competence can not be equated with communicative competence,“the ability to speak both accurately and appropriately” (Wolfson 36).One’s communicative competence is greatly determined by cultural-related interpretation of norms regarding like status. Therefore, findings of sociolinguistic and cross-cultural pragmatic researches are of prime concern and considerable value to foreign language teachers and learners.In the fir st place, to develop learners’ communicative compete nce should be designed as the overall goal of Foreign Language Teaching. Thus; curriculum and syllabus development should be interaction-oriented. Accordingly, an equal stress should be laid on both language and cultural instruction. This means teaching a language involves teaching the culture, in which the language is embedded. In other words, foreign language teachers are expected to develop learners’ both linguistic competence, which will enable learner s to speak grammatically and properly. To do this, they need to be better equipped with in-depth understanding of both cultures, and to integrate sociolinguistic and pragmatic findings into FLT.The expression of politeness clearly falls within the speaker’s communicative competence. As a result, foreign language teachers are put in a position by not being justified in teaching the linguistic system without considering the socio-cultural system involved. In this case, it is imperative to design appropriate materials and to provide teachers with relevant training, which are based on insights gained from cross-cultural pragmatics and sociolinguistics.Secondly, foreign language teachers should instruct culture-related information in a systematic way so as to in crease learners’ cultural awareness. Since the concept of politeness in a broad sense, meaning appropriate behavior according to expected norms, is crucial to our better understanding of the norms of social interactions, knowledge of the cultural norms seems indispensable to the acquisition of socio-cultural awareness in the target language. Failure to realize such differences and failure to appreciate different conventions, which govern politeness realizations, can lead to serious misjudgments and misunderstandings. Thus, research concerning politeness phenomena has attracted a great deal of interests recently but the exploration of the issue is far from exhaustion at this stage. Some valuable insights are available and should be incorporated into textbooks and teachers’ manuals. Foreign language teachers should consciously and effectively use available teaching materials to introduce the information of the target culture to learners at right time, including newspapers and magazines, radio and television, films and literature. These materials can serve as excellent and interesting sources of cultural information and the basis for comparison, which can lead to cultural insights. Such knowledge will facilitate effective cross-cultural communication and increase learners’ understanding of their own culture and language in a most enjoyable way. Such cultural awareness will help them understand cross-cultural differences, and thus increase their flexibility towards and tolerance of these differences. Consequently, fluent, non-native speakers will be enabled to avoid appearing impolite, hypocritical or ironical, and also to make less biased judgments of others.Thirdly, classroom interactions should be stressed. That is, besides knowledge-oriented approach, a practice-based teaching method in FLT classroom is necessary. Learners should be given as many opportunities as possible to practice their socio-cultural competence. Teachers can use appropriate materials to design real-life situations or modify textbook dialogues and have learners role-play them, or to elicit class discussions. In this case, students should be encouraged to express their own views. As for literary works, especially plays, they can be encouraged to read and even perform them. In doing so, students will be enabled to discover various cultural aspects in naturalcontexts so as to improve their communicative performance in the target language.All in all, modern foreign language teachers can not ignore the social norms and the cultural values of the society in which the language is used since language and culture are intrinsically interrelated. They can not teach the one successfully apart from the other. Sensitization with cross-cultural issues will increase learners’ understanding of the deep interre lationship of their own language and culture and will, therefore, lead to broadmindedness and tolerance of practices different from their own. This reason itself points to the importance of the current research: the cross-cultural study of politeness.In c onclusion, people’s communication behaviors are the logical extensions of their internalized cultural vales. The differences in English and Chinese cultures reflect differences in the conception and realization of politeness rather than differences in the degree of politeness. This relates to the key cultural value orientation, individualism-collectivism, which accounts for the face that, unlike English speakers, the Chinese attach great importance to the in-group/out-group distinction and apply different specific communication strategies accordingly. The contrastive study of language can reach its maximum use when it is related to the language study or cross-cultural communication. The implications will be expected to contribute to enjoying successful and effective cross-cultural communication and Foreign Language Teaching and Leaning.Works CitedBrown, Penelope and Stephen C. Levinson. Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press，1987，345.Coates, Jennifer. Language and Gender: A Reader. Wiley-Blackwell. 1998，259.Gudykunst, William B. and Bella Mody. Handbook of International and Intercultural Communication. London: Sage Publication, Inc. 2002，606Foley, William. Anthropological Linguistics: An introduction，Wiley-Blackwell，1997.495Janney, Richard. Universality and relativity in cross-cultural politeness research:a historical perspective. Multilingual 12，1993, 13–50;Mills, Sara. Gender and Politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press，2003，6Wierzbicka, Anna. Different Cultures, different languages, different speech acts.Journal of Pragmatics, 9, 1985, 145.Wolfson, Nessa. Perspectives: sociolinguistics and TESOL New York: Newbury House publishers. 1989，36邓炎昌and刘润清.“Language and Culture”北京：外语教学与研究出版社.2003.何兆熊. " Study of Politeness in Chinese and English Cultures " 《外国语》. 5，1995, 2-8.刘润清. 关于Leech的礼貌原则.《外语教学与研究》.2，1987.。

英语作文：世界上的语言和文化

英语作文：世界上的语言和文化英语作文模板：世界上的语言和文化（精选14篇）在日常学习、工作抑或是生活中，大家总免不了要接触或使用作文吧，作文是由文字组成，经过人的思想考虑，通过语言组织来表达一个主题意义的文体。

你所见过的作文是什么样的呢？以下是店铺为大家收集的英语作文模板：世界上的语言和文化，希望能够帮助到大家。

英语作文：世界上的语言和文化篇1Many of the world's languages and culture are dying out. Give possible reasons and your recommendations.Nowadays, international communication has become more and more important, people prefer to communicate in languages, such as English, Arabic and Chinese. But many of the world's languages and culture are dying out. In this essay we will examine the problem of languages and culture dying and the solutions, such as writing books and increasing language population levels.Firstly, as the technology improves, people around the world are relying more and more on electronic devices to communicate with each other. While this trend is helping the major culture, it is having a harmful effect on the minor culture that could be swallowed up by the major culture.Secondly, some of the world's languages are not being learned widely by children or used in daily commerce. In some boarding schools, children were punished for speaking their parent's language.Despite the desires of language and culture activists, the outlook is somewhat grim. People already realize this problem exists and are trying to solve it.For one solution, people can record the culture andlanguages on books or tapes, making sure our descendants can learn or use them in the future.The second solution is increasing the language population levels. Governments can make some policies, like encouragement for people to learn and teach the languages facing extinction, no matter whether the language is used in daily commerce or not. By trying to keep them alive, at least they have a future as second languages.The important thing is to learn the elder's tongue and culture before it's too late. Otherwise we will lose them.世界上的许多语言和文化的消亡。

语言与社会论文英文

语言与社会论文英文摘要以中国和英语国家对待花卉的不同态度为根据，对花卉的文学作品表现和文化内涵进行分析，总结差异出现的原因。

事实上，造成此差异主要因为中西方对花卉的理解方法不同：西方国家承袭古希腊罗马文化，花卉的寓意更多来自传说；中国文化则含蓄内敛，崇尚寄情草木以抒怀。

中西方文化从根源上便完全不同，通过对两者于花卉的不同态度入手，可以以小见大地探知差异一隅。

进而推及语言与社会的其他方面，便于双方的文化交流与发展。

关键词：态度；花卉寓意；古希腊罗马神话AbstractOn the basis of the different attitudes towards flowers in Chinese culture and western culture, the samples of flowers from literary works and cultural connotation were analyzed carefully to find out the causes. As a matter of fact, the major cause of the differences is the basic method that Chinese and westerners use to understand flowers: western countries adopted the ancient Roma and Greek culture so that their flowers were mainly judged by the ancient Roma and Greek Mythology; Chinese culture is more restraining and implied so that people often express themselves through plants. Chinese culture and western culture are different naturally and essentially. The tip of the iceberg of the great discrepancy between two cultures can be detected through the effort made in flowers. And the conclusion can be used on deducing other aspects in society then. And such efforts can be helpful for the intercultural communications and developmental.Key words: attitudes, connotations of flowers, the ancientRoma and Greek MythologyOutlineTitle: An Intercultural Approach to the Different Attitudes towards Flowers.Thesis Statement: Dissimilarities in Chinese culture and Western culture are reflected in the two people’s differential attitudes towards flowers.1.IntroductionDifferent flowers have different meanings; certain flower has different meaning in different cultures at the same time. Chinese culture and western culture have different attitudes towards flowers.2.Different meanings of certain flower2.1 Poppy’s meanings2.2 Narcissus’ meanings2.3 Rose’s meanings3. Different attitudes towards flowers3.1 Attitudes towards poppy3.2 Attitudes towards narcissus3.3 Attitudes towards rose4. Source of western flowers’ meanings4.1 Fairy tales4.1.1 Ancient Greek mythology4.1.2 Religious works4.2 Literary works4.2.1 Poems4.2.2 Master pieces4.3 Historical events4.3.1 Positive events4.3.2 Negative events4.4 Plants’ features4.4.1 Appearance4.4.2 Growth habit5. ConclusionChinese culture and western culture understand flowers in different way. Chinese culture concentrates more on what flower itself shows while western culture judges flowersfor some external season. The attitudes towards certain flower can be influenced bi-directionally.BibliographyJohn, McCrae. 1915. PunchJohn, Gower. 1390. Confessio AmantisShelley.1820. The Sensitive Plant周末,1991 ,《罂粟花》,《长江》丛刊(1991第四期陈景沂，宋，《全芳备祖》张爱玲，1996，《红玫瑰与白玫瑰》1. IntroductionTime goes by, everything changes. But things like language keep crucial all the time. To be highly social species on earth, human being benefits so much from language that language will never fell and will surely go forward with human society. There is a series of noun that exist in language not only to be a name, but to express something special. That’s the names of flowers.Flowers are seen everywhere. Been used in both physical way and abstract way, flowers decorates peoples rooms, festivals, especially, language and literature. Specific flower expresses certain information in certain situation. And different flowers have different meanings; certain flower has different meaning in different cultures at the same time. Chinese culture and western culture have different attitudes towards flowers. Therefore,flowers play different roles in Chinese and western language and literature. Such differences that are mostly expressed in daily talks and literary works show how Chinese and western people treat and consider things differently. The study of their sources shows how cultures can be different as the result of social and historical aspects.1.Different attitudes towards flowers1.1Attitudes towards poppyIn Flanders fields the poppies blowBetween the crosses, row on row,That mark our place; and in the skyThe larks, still bravely singing, flyScarce heard amid the guns below.We are the Dead. Short days agoWe lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,Loved and were loved, and now we lieIn Flanders fields.Take up our quarrel with the foe:To you from failing hands we throwThe torch; be yours to hold it high.If ye break faith with us who dieWe shall not sleep, though poppies growIn Flanders fields.(John McCrae，1915)Canadian soldier John McCrae wrote the poem in 1915. “Poppy lady”Moina Michael firstly made poppy a symbol of the fallen soldiers in the First World War in 1918. Poppy, fully accepted as the symbol after 1931, became popular around the western world in memory of the dead.Contrary to In Flanders fields, following poem describe poppy as flower of beauty and poison:Though a closed bud she is,Her nature of beauty and coquetry is unclosed.······I am not toxic naturally, neither aren’t you a bad guy.You made me into drugs,Turned bad yourself the same time.Such luring toxic flowers I am.（Zhou Mo，1991）2.2A ttitudes towards narcissusHere is a small part of poem which show what narcissus mean for westerns:For in the winter fresh and faireThe flowers ben, which is contraireTo kind, and so was the folieWhich fell of his surquedrie（John Gower, 1390）And here is another one:·····And narcissi, the fairest among them all,Wh o gaze on their eyes in the stream’s recess,Till they die of their own dear loveliness（Shelley, 1820）Narcissus was frequently described as a flower of self-love derived from most of poems about it.Chinese culture, in contrast to the West, describe narcissus as a flower of purity and virtue. Narcissus got a name as the fairy of ripples, and was compared with other highly praised plants like pine, cypress, and wintersweet:The fairy of ripples,Possess the heart of pine and cypress.Free from the mundane world,Keep its priceless virtue still. (Chen Jingyi ，Song dynasty)2.3Attitudes towards roseIt’s fully accepted that rose represents love. But in western culture, roses appear almost everywhere. They are printed on the ceiling, carved on pillars and doors, put in vases and decorate in scrolls. It does not mean western people are fond of love so much but say: keep in secret. So that “under the rose” often means secretly. “Born under the rose” means the love child. And if someone did something under the rose, the thing he did must be hided.Chinese got roses we know now from westerners, and got to know roses from western culture as well. What western culture told Chinese is that rose is the symbol of love. The fiery color and tightly embraced petals do remind people of the enthusiasm of love. So that people would praise rose only when they want love.3. Source of western flowers’ meanings3.1fairy taleThe Greek and Roman mythology is an important part of the ancient culture which has vast and deep influence on the whole western culture. Its great influence upon the English language and literature is beyond description. And western languages accepted many things from ancient Greek and Roman mythology. “Greek mythology has penetrated into various fields of Engli sh culture. ……In language, in Greek mythology, the story of God and The Legend of Heroes English left many vivid and far-reaching implication allusions.” The implied meaning of some flowers came from the myths too.Narcissus is said to have been a young man of wonderful beauty, but intolerably proud, fastidious, and disdainful. Pleased with himself and despising all others, he led a solitary life in the woods and hunting grounds; with a few companions to whom he was all in all; followed also wherever he went by a nymph calledEcho. Living thus, he came by chance one day to a clear fountain, and (being in the heat of noon) lay down by it; when beholding in the water his own image, he fell into such a study and then into such a rapturous admiration of himself, that he could not be drawn away from gazing at the shadowy picture, but remained rooted to the spot till sense left him; and at last he was changed into the flower that bears his name; a flower which appears in the early spring.(Francis Bacon, of self-love )Here are few editions other than this one. But the main idea is the same: narcissus sits by a spring, keeps staring at his reflection in the water till his death and finally turned into narcissus.The reason why “under the rose” means in secret is ab out another myth:In Greek mythology, there is Cupid. He is a little boy with a pair of wings and always takes a bow and arrow and who was being archery will fall in love. He is Mars and Venus’s son. Venus was born from the sea foam and was well-known for her marvellous beauty so that a lot of literary works make up stories about her. Cupid gave a bouquet of roses to Harpocrates for protect his mother’s reputation, and asked him not to spread the love affair of Venus. Harpocrates accepted the rose, he becam e silence. So the “under the rose” can mean sil ence, keep in secret.In the Greek and Roman mythology, lilies are the tears of Eve while she was banished from Eden with sadness and regrets. Then lily became a flower of loyalty and purity so that was dedicated to the virgin.Western society accepted the ancient Greek mythology. Therefore, western culture and language keep the flowers andtheir special meanings from the myth. Such fairy tales are the main source of the meanings of flowers. And it is the fun of sharing of the sameculture that urges people to use those implied meanings.3.2historycal eventsHere is a sad story about poppy. Canadian John McCrae was on the Flanders Fields in 1915, where his close friend Alexis Helmer was killed during the battle on May 2. McCrae performed the burial service himself, at which time he noted how poppy quickly grew around the graves of those who died at Ypres. The next day, he composed the poem while sitting in the back of an ambulance:In Flanders fields the poppies blow.(wikipedia) Inspired by the Canadian John McCrae battlefront-theme poem In Flanders Fields, Moina Michael vowed to always wear a red poppy as a symbol of remembrance for those who served in the war. She started to make silk poppies to raise money for disabled servicemen.And poppy in the poem and in silk as well, as the symbol of fallen soldier, was widely accepted by western countries after 1931.Historical event is the source of Tudor Rose too. The House of Lancaster with red rose in their heraldry fight against the House of York which had a white rose in their heraldry for the throne. The war between two houses is called Wars of the Roses. The war ended up with an alliance by marriage. The combined heraldry of white rose and red rose witnessed the birth of the Tudor dynasty, the pinnacle of the British monarchy. The combined heraldry is called Tudor Rose and considered as the symbol of England today.Flowers took very crucial roles in history and influenced thetendency of history indirectly at the same time. So flowers maintain its position not only in history, but also culture, society and language.4. Source of Chinese flowers’ meanings4.1 Plants’ features and habitsChinese society cherishes the personality of tenacity and purity. Therefore, trees like pine and cypress that can keep green when facing with frozen winter are praised over centuries, and flowers like wintersweet and chrysanthemum that blossom in seasons that a few flower can bear are extolled as noble gentlemen. They are judged by their habit and considered as symbols of virtue.Narcissus is a flower of purity and virtue in Chinese culture. Because Chinese keep narcissus in clean water and water along. It needs a little but returned with exuberant multiple flowers and elegant fragrance. It sounds like an honest and upright official that everyone respect, admire and yearn for over centuries. And it looks like a beautiful fairy ofripples because of its fair bloom and clean, pure supply.Poppy means great beauty and extremely evil in Chinese culture. It do have breathtaking beautiful flower, but its fruit, instead, caused the most miserable history and left the most painful memory for Chinese. So that Chinese would recognize its evil fruit as soon as they catch sight of the flower and even have no time for appreciating its beauty. Poppy almost became the synonymous with its product opium. The combination of beauty and evil give Chinese culture a dramatic figure that can be used in dramatic works.4.2 Literary worksThe influence of the westerners did not make a direct tiebetween rose and love, but the novel the Red Rose and the White Rose make rose a truly symbol of love. “Maybe every man has had two such women--at least two. Marry a red rose and eventually she'll be a mosquito-blood streak smeared on the wall, while the white one is "moonlight in front of my bed." Marry a white rose, and before long she'll be a grain of sticky rice that's gotten stuck to your clothes; the red one, by then, is a scarlet beauty mark just over your heart.”(Zhan g Ailing, 1996) The novel made the sentences famous. The famous sentences made rose a sign of love. Generations of Chinese read the sentences, taste it carefully and sigh for the uncontrollable love.5. ConclusionChinese culture and western culture understand flowers in different way. Such differences build a great gap of intercultural communication and cause some misunderstanding. But we can be tolerant of such disagreement when we make the cause and effect clear. Chinese culture concentrates more on what flower itself shows while western culture judges flowers for some external reasons. But such methods are not unconditionally since you can see that the attitudes towards certain flower can be influenced bi-directionally. And the process of bi-directional effects become even faster in the information age.BibliographyJohn, McCrae. 1915. PunchJohn, Gower. 1390. Confessio AmantisShelley.1820. The Sensitive Plant周末,1991 ,《罂粟花》,《长江》丛刊(1991第四期陈景沂，宋，《全芳备祖》张爱玲，1996，《红玫瑰与白玫瑰》。

关于英语语言文化论文范文语言和文化英语论文

关于英语语言文化论文范文语言和文化英语论文语言不仅是思维和交际的工具,同时也是社会文化的反应,并制约人们的思维。

下文是WTT为大家整理的关于英语语言文化论文范文的内容，欢迎大家阅读参考!关于英语语言文化论文范文篇1浅探习语语言在英语中文化要素1 历史发展的文化要素在历史发展的长河中，由于受民族迁徙、异域民族入侵、民族内部战争等因素的影响，语言被烙上了清晰的印痕。

作为富含深层文化内涵的英语习语，更是深受这些因素的影响。

在英国历史上，英法两个国家战争不断，其中以英法七年战争和英法百年战争最为著名，法国文化对英国文化影响很大，成为现代英语的三大来源之一。

例如习语French leav(e不辞而别)、Frenchfrie(s炸薯条)、stewin one’s own juic(e自作自受)等。

其中Frenchleave 指在18 世纪的法国流行一种参加宴会的客人不向主人告辞而自行离去的习俗。

而在法语中，也有“英国式告辞(不辞而别)”之说。

这也是两国人相互调侃的方式之一。

历史上罗马人曾经统治英国达四百年之久，古罗马文化对英国文化的影响烙印深刻。

英语中受古罗马文化影响的习语俯拾皆是，像Do in Rome as the Romans do(入乡随俗)、Romewasnot built in a da(y冰冻三尺，非一日之寒)等。

历史上英国和荷兰为争夺海上的霸主地位，两个国家在短短26 年(1652 年至1678 年)中就进行了2 次战争，双方胜负各半。

为了发泄对战争失败的不满，英国人喜欢把交战国的名称赋予某种贬义加以丑化。

诸如习语I’m a Dutchman， if..(.如果我......，我就不是人)、beattheDutc(h了不起)、Dutchuncl(e严厉训斥者)等都是英国人讽刺荷兰人粗鲁、莽撞无礼的最好例证。

到近代，两次世界大战和一些地区的局部冲突，都对英语产生了影响。

习语thefifth colum(n第五纵队)就产生于这一时期。