仿真3-9-1 例3-9-1的仿真
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图 ’ 采用补偿器前后系统的单位阶跃响应曲线 ./01’ 237P95<63/8<47=P8<=78937;768<348;=>=37? Q/3:
A<BQ/3:85368?P7<=A384=
R 延时预测算法
图 ,所 示 的 系 统 中!互 联 网 环 节 不 仅 导 致 信 息 传递延 时!而且 由 于 目 前 互 联 网 中 路 由 器 多 是 采 用 动态路由协议依据互联网负载状况选择信息的传递 路由 ) %S( 因此!互联网负载的实时变化!造成信息的 传 递路由 动态 变 化!从 而 导 致 信 息 传 递 延 时 具 有 不 确定性)研究表明!对于图 &所示的控制系统!如果 系统的补偿器使用的预测延时值不等于互联网的实 际 延 时 值 !即 存 在 延 时 补 偿 误 差 时 !补 偿 器 不 能 及 时 准 确地 补偿信 息 延 时!系 统 的 性 能 仍 然 不 能 得 到 改 善)图 +是延时补偿误差对系统性能的影响)曲线 T表示没有延时补偿误差时的系统单位阶跃响应) 曲 线 U 和 V 分 别 表 示 延 时 补 偿 误 差 为 WXWY=和
独 立 的 *具 有 相 同 概 率 分 布 *统 计 特 性 已 知 的 均 匀 分 布 ) %+( 对于图 ,所示的基于互联网的远程控制系统 而 言 !不 仅 存 在 信 息 的 传 输 延 时 问 题 !而 且 信 息 延 时 很难用确定的随机规律描述)
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
图 - 基于互联网的远程液压控制系统 ./01- 234563547893:737;768<348;=>=37? @A=7B8<C<374<73
字~声音~静 态 及 动 态 的 图 像 等 静 态 信 息E系 统 对 信 息的实时性要求不高F更具有实际意义的是如图 "
变压器仿真参数
修改变压器参数的方法第一种方法：.SUBCKT ts_pwr_10_to_1 1 2 3 4 5 //.SUBCKT 是子电路命令。
此子电路名为“ts_pwr_10_to_1 ”；有5 个引脚* *1, 2-- primary winding, *3,4-- secondary terminal, 5-- neutural //注释行。
1，2为主绕组；3，4为副绕组终端；5为中间抽头。
Rs1 1 11 1.000e-3 //Rs1 为1 11端之电阻，值为1/1000欧。
Rl2 31 3 1.000e-3 //R12 为31 1端之电阻，值为1/1000欧。
Rl3 41 4 1.000e-3 //R13 为41 1端之电阻，值为1/1000欧。
L1 11 2 5.000e+000 //L1为11 2端之电感量，值为5亨。
L2 31 5 5.000e-002 //L1为31 5端之电感量，值为0.05亨。
L3 5 41 5.000e-002 //L1为5 41端之电感量，值为0.05亨。
K12 L1 L2 9.999e-001 //K12 为L1和L2之间的耦合系数，值为0.9999。
注：0<K<1K13 L1 L3 9.999e-001 //K13 为L1和L3之间的耦合系数，值为0.9999。
K23 L2 L3 9.999e-001 //K12 为L2和L3之间的耦合系数，值为0.9999。
.ENDS //子电路结束。
============= Model template =================如想更改变比，可试行修改电感量。
第二种方法在Multisim中创建一个230/12V的变压器To create a 230 to 12 volt transformer, please follow the instructions below:1. Start up Multisim.2. Enter the Basic Bin and click on the Linear Transformer button(Transformer with the center tap).3. In the Browser - Basic window, click on the TS_IDEAL Transformer Model.4. Click on the Edit button at the bottom of the window.5. Click Ok on the Database Select - To window (should be set at User).6. In the Component Properties window, click on the Model Tab and under theModel Data window, you will find the following:.SUBCKT ts_audio_10_to_1 1 2 3 4 5* EWB Version 4 - Transformer Model* n= 10 Le= 1e-006 Lm= 0.001 Rp= 1e-006 Rs= 1e-006Rp 1 6 1e-006ohmRs1 10 3 1e-006ohmRs2 11 5 5e-007ohmLe 6 7 1e-006HLm 7 2 0.001HE1 9 8 7 2 0.026E2 8 4 7 2 0.026V1 9 10 DC 0VV2 8 11 DC 0VF1 7 2 V1 0.052F2 7 2 V2 0.052.ENDSIn order to set the Turn Ratio to a different value (eg 230 to 12 turnratio), change the F1 and F2 value for 1/n (1/19.167=0.052; 230 to 12 turn ratio where n=primary/secondary). Also note that you must set E1 and E2 to F/2(0.052/2=0.026 turn ratio).7. Set the desired turn ratio.8. Click on the Save/Exit button at the bottom of the window.9. In the previous window, click on the Cancel button.10. Select Refresh Component Toolbars under the View menu.11. Enable the User Database and under the Basic Bin, you will find your Transformer Model.I have also attached a file containning a Transformer with the aboveNetlistimplemented. (File posted at:/ewb/trans_230_12.msm)Summary:F1 and F2=1/nwheren=primary turns/secondary turnsE1 and E2=F1/2I hope this helps.Best regards,Luis AlvesTechnical Support。
基于SIMULINK的二阶_三阶系统建模与仿真
(3)
根据微分方程 (3) ,并给该方程的各参数赋值 ,建立该
弹性系统的仿真模型如图 2 所示 。
对该弹性系统模型进行仿真 ,仿真时间长度为 10 秒 ,仿真结果如图 3 所示 ,该结果反映了上述弹性阻尼
·20 ·
系统在图 2 所示参数条件下质量块位移随时间变化的 情况 。
在输入一定的情况下 ,我们可以通过调节系统参 数得到最佳输出结果 ,通过对系统各参数的调节 ,得出 不同参数条件下仿真结果 ,对这些仿真结果进行比较 , 可以方便的反映在该系统中各参数变化对输出结果影 响的大小 ,从而真实反映该弹性系统的特性 ,方便确定 各参数的重要性 。
在实际实验中 ,我们可以依据仿真结果方便的对 各系统参数进行比较和选取 ,在该弹性系统的仿真过 程中 ,如果系统参数变化小 ,但对输出结果影响大 ,则 该参数的所要求的精度较高 ,反之则该参数的所要求 的精度较底 ,这些对我们实际实验中各系统参数的选 取具有重要的指导意义 。
3 三阶系统仿真
如图 4 所示的直流电力拖动系统是一个典型的三 阶系统 ,首先对该系统进行模型化 ,即建立该系统的数 学模型 ,得到三阶系统的常系数微分方程如下 :
面积 。通过几何方式求得实测线段与设计轮廓的焦点
后 ,可有几何方式求出封闭图形的面积 。同样 ,在设计
断面轮廓较为复杂时 ,要考虑的边界条件非常多 ,面积
计算容易产生错误 。而采用积分方式计算 ,不论断面
轮廓多么复杂 ,均能得到非常准确的结果 。
积分计算方式 :如图 2 所示 ,首先作一虚拟的能包
容设计断面轮廓和实测断面轮廓的最小矩形 ,左下角
我们在需要构造自己的模块时只需要将自己的功 能代码放在适当的位置 ,定义模块的输入输出端口的 数目和类型即可 ,这样便很方便地实现了对该数据文 件的调用 。
ZEMAX光学设计超级学习手册-第1章
第1章ZEMAX入门ZEMAX是一款使用光线追迹的方法来模拟折射、反射、衍射、偏振的各种序列和非序列光学系统的光学设计和仿真软件。
ZEMAX有3种版本：ZEMAX-SE（标准版）、ZEMAX-XE（扩展版）、ZEMAX-EE（工程版），其中ZEMAX-EE的功能最为全面。
ZEMAX的界面设计得比较简洁方便，稍加练习就能很快地进行交互设计使用。
ZEMAX的大部分功能通过都能选择弹出或下拉式菜单来实现，键盘快捷键可以用来引导或略过菜单，直接运行。
本章将要讲述ZEMAX中的有关约定的解释，界面功能的习惯用法，以及一些常用窗口操作的快捷键。
一旦学会了在整个软件中通用的、简单的习惯用法，ZEMAX用起来就很容易了。
学习目标：（1）了解界面主窗口菜单的各项功能。
（2）熟练运用快捷工具栏。
（3）熟练掌握大量光学行业中约定的解释，如优化、公差分析等。
（4）熟练掌握各对话窗口的操作，如镜头数据、波长数据等。
1.1 ZEMAX的启动与退出安装ZEMAX软件后，系统自动在桌面上产生了ZEMAX快捷图标。
同时，“开始”菜单中也自动添加了ZEMAX命令。
下面讲解ZEMAX的启动与退出。
1．ZEMAX安装成功后，需要启动ZEMAX，才能使用该软件进行设计工作。
ZEMAX 的启动有4种方式。
（1）选择“开始”菜单命令启动。
选择“开始→ZEMAX”命令，启动ZEMAX，如图1-1所示。
（2）选择桌面快捷方式图标。
安装完成，系统会在桌面上自动创建ZEMAX的快捷方式图标，双击图标便可启动ZEMAX，如图1-2所示；右键单击快捷方式图标后单击“打开”也可以启动，如图1-3所示。
如果桌面上没有快捷方式图标，可以从“开始”菜单中找到相应的程序命令发送到桌面快捷方式，如图1-4所示。
2第1章ZEMAX入门图1-1 “开始”菜单命令启动图1-2 桌面快捷方式图标图1-3 右击快捷方式启动图1-4 发送桌面快捷方式（3）选择快速方式启动。
单击任务栏快速方式图标也可以启动ZEMAX。
语文(一)-2024年1月新“九省联考”考后提升卷 (原卷+解析)解析版(1)
新九省联考模拟仿真卷（一）一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读I(本题共5小题，18分)阅读下面的文字，完成1~5题。
材料一：研学旅行是由教育部门和学校有计划地组织实施，通过集体旅行、集中食宿等方式开展的研究性学习和旅行体验相结合的校外教育活动，是校内外教育相衔接的创新教育形式，是综合实践育人的有效途径。
研学旅行在培育学生社会主义核心价值观，促进学生核心素养的发展方面有明显价值。
随着国家相关政策的陆续出台，中小学积极开展研学旅行。
研学旅行成为研究热点。
研学旅行有着独特的价值和明确的目标，注重培养学生的创新精神、实践能力、社会责任感。
但由于认识不到位，有些学生在研学旅行过程中只游不学，未达到教育目的。
部分领导和教师认为研学旅行花费时间，打乱了正常的教学计划，且容易使学生分心。
还有教师认为开展研学旅行，只是为了应付相关教育部门的检查。
另有教师认为研学旅行类似于以往学校开展的春游、秋游活动，用于调节学生紧张的学习生活。
对研学旅行课程的性质、意义与价值认识不到位，影响了研学旅行的有效实施。
研学旅行虽已纳入学校的教育教学计划，但目前尚无教材，缺少连贯、系统的课程规划，研学旅行有一定随意性。
笔者对某市小学高段以及初、高中共310名学生进行了问卷调查，学生认为研学旅行存在如表1所示问题。
表1研学旅行存在问题调查存在问题人数百分比研学课程内容不够丰富193 63.90%游与学时间分配不合理125 41.40%研学课程实施方式单一55 18.20%研学课程内容缺少吸引力42 13.90%从目前来看，研学旅行课程实施仍然以讲授为主，学生多处于被动的听讲状态，其自主性与创造性没有充分发挥出来。
研学旅行课程缺乏专业的指导教师。
调查显示，当前中小学的研学指导教师在数量和质量上均不能满足开展研学旅行的需求。
研学基地的教师以当地的导游为主，对学生的指导停留在表层，教育性不够。
在评价方法方面，较多采用质性评价的方法，相对来说，比较看重学生在研学旅行活动中的态度、情感和体验，忽视学生能力的提高。
matlab三机九节点电力系统仿真(带程序)
暂态仿真
学院：自动化学院
专业：电气工程专业
学号：
姓名：
授课教师：江宁强
一、摘要
电力系统仿真计算己经成为电力系统设计、运行与控制中不可缺少的手段。通过设置不同故障类型、不同故障地点运用仿真技术可以对电力系统的暂态稳定进行分析。本文采用IEEE 3机9节点的经典多机模型，基于隐式梯形积分法对系统发生三相金属性短路故障进行仿真，分析系统在这种情况下的暂态稳定。发电机模型采用经典的二阶模型;负荷采用恒定阻抗负荷。在Matlab2010上编写程序进行调试和运行。
2 2 0.8958 0.1198 6.00 0.8645 0.1969 0.53512.80 0.0625
3 3 1.3125 0.1813 8.59 1.2578 0.2500 0.6006.02 0.0585];
三、仿真框图
在仿真之前，首先，应明确仿真的所要到达的结果，即仿真目标:本此仿真的结果主要是得到发电机攻角、转速随时间变化的值，包括故障前、故障中、故障后。故障前，系统处于稳定状态，发电机的攻角、转速基本稳定。而当系统发生故障以及故障切除，系统结构拓扑发生变化，系统的状态也将随时间发生变化，为了求取系统状态的变化，我们通过对系统进行简化建立数学模型，得到相关的代数一微分方程组，进行数值计算，从而得到系统状态的随时间的变化值。此次仿真的系统以发电机二阶经典模型来进行系统是数学建模，系统的
图2-1 3机9节点系统
系统数据
节点号有无负载类型电压相角有功负荷无功负荷有功出力无功出力电压基准期望电压
N=[1 0 3 1.0400 0.00 0.00 0.00 71.60 27.00 16.50 1.040
2 0 2 1.0250 0.00 0.00 0.00 163.00 6.70 18.00 1.025 3 0 2 1.0250 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.00 -10.90 13.80 1.025
专题11电解原理及应用-2022年高考化学核心考点归纳与最新模拟测试(全国通用)(原卷版)
专题11 电解原理及应用【核心考点梳理】考点一、电解池的工作原理 1、电解池的工作原理2．电极上离子放电顺序(1)阴极：与电极材料无关。
氧化性强的先放电，放电顺序： ―――――――――――――――――――――→Ag ＋ Fe 3＋ Cu 2＋H ＋酸 Fe 2＋ Zn 2＋ H ＋水 Al 3＋ Mg 2＋ Na ＋ Ca 2＋ K＋得到电子 由易到难(2)阳极：若是活性电极作阳极，则活性电极首先失电子，发生氧化反应。
若是惰性电极作阳极，放电顺序：―――――――――――――――――――――→活泼电极> S 2－＞I －＞Br －＞Cl －＞OH －＞含氧酸根离子＞F－失去电子 由易到难[微点拨] ①放电指的是电极上的得、失电子。
②活性电极指的是除去Au 、Pt 以外的金属，惰性电极指的是Pt 、Au 、C 电极，不参与电极反应。
③阴极材料若为金属电极，一般是增强导电性但不参与反应。
3．惰性电极电解电解质溶液的四种类型考点二、 电解原理的应用 1、电解饱和食盐水（氯碱工业）阳极反应式：2Cl －－2e －===Cl 2↑(氧化反应)阴极反应式：2H ＋＋2e －===H 2↑(还原反应)总反应方程式：2NaCl ＋2H 2O =====电解2NaOH ＋H 2↑＋Cl 2↑ 2、电解精炼铜(1)电极材料：阳极为粗铜；阴极为纯铜。
(2)电解质溶液：含Cu 2＋的盐溶液。
(3)电极反应：阳极：Zn －2e －==Zn 2＋、Fe －2e －==Fe 2＋、Ni －2e －==Ni 2＋、Cu －2e －==Cu 2＋； 阴极：Cu 2＋＋2e －==Cu 。
(4)阳极泥的形成：在电解过程中，活动性位于铜之后的银、金等杂质，难以在阳极失去电子变成阳离子而溶解，它们以金属单质的形式沉积在电解槽底部，形成阳极泥。
3、电镀图为金属表面镀银的工作示意图，据此回答下列问题：(1)镀件作阴极，镀层金属银作阳极。
哈尔滨香坊区四校联考2023-2024学年中考英语仿真试卷含答案
哈尔滨香坊区四校联考2023-2024学年中考英语仿真试卷含答案考生须知：1．全卷分选择题和非选择题两部分，全部在答题纸上作答。
选择题必须用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题的答案必须用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔写在“答题纸”相应位置上。
2．请用黑色字迹的钢笔或答字笔在“答题纸”上先填写姓名和准考证号。
3．保持卡面清洁，不要折叠，不要弄破、弄皱，在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效。
Ⅰ. 单项选择1、Which word of the following doesn’t have the same stress as the others?A．Belong. B．Purpose. C．Insert.2、Jack __________ his father, because they are both easygoing.A．looks after B．looks likeC．takes after D．looks up3、—Does she like singing English songs?—Yes. She _______ to sing English songs in her room.A．often does B．is often heard C．often hears4、－Helen, can I wear jeans and a T-shirt to the school talent show?－OK, but a dress might be____.A．good B．bad C．better D．worse5、Although you failed four times, I still hope you can have ______ try.A．the fifth B．a fifth C．the fourth D．a fourth6、—I always get nervous when I start a(an) with others?—Take it easy. Believe in yourself.A．education B．introduction C．communication D．exhibition7、Excuse me, sir. Could you tell me ________？A．where is the bank nearestB．where is the nearest bankC．where the nearest bank is8、—Hello, Matt. How’s your life in Canada?—I am used to it now. My host family always try their best to make feel at home.A．me B．I C．my D．mine9、--Have you decided _______ to Shanghai to visit World Expo, Simon?- -Yes. I’ll go there by train. It’s much cheaper than by plane.A．where to go B．how to goC．when to go D．whom to go10、The number of the people that own cars ____ becoming _____, so parking cars is a big problem.A．is; larger and larger B．are; larger and largerC．are; more and more D．is; more and moreⅡ. 完形填空11、My friend Alan did not have a rich family. He did not have much money. Sometimes Alan even had to accept money and gifts from his family and friends. But do not get me 1 . He was not the kind of person who never 2 the money he should. He was always very 3 with the money he spent.A few years ago, he won the lottery and got a huge amount of money. He was very excited. It changed his life. The4 thing he did was to buy a very expensive new car. Then he started spending money on unnecessary things or the things that he normally would not buy. It seemed that he had money to5 . He had more money than he needed and it was burning a hole in his pocket. He wasted his money6 .When we get together for a 7 at a restaurant, he would always pay the bill. He told me the money made him feel very happy.But, Alan soon 8 out of all his money. He was as poor as a church mouse again.His last dollar was spent and he had no money left.I admit I do feel 9 for my friend. He had enough money to live like a king. 10 , he is back to living a hard life. He was wise about small things, but not about important things.1．A．guilty B．wrong C．confident D．surprised2．A．took B．had C．brought D．paid3．A．nervous B．careful C．anxious D．excited4．A．final B．perfect C．recent D．first5．A．risk B．show C．burn D．play6．A．quietly B．secretly C．quickly D．possibly7．A．journey B．meal C．rest D．meeting8．A．ran B．came C．went D．walked9．A．educational B．sorry C．embarrassed D．realistic10．A．Exactly B．Easily C．Instead D．ReallyⅢ. 语法填空12、I often hear some students say English is difficult, and it gives them a headache. But English is very easy for me. I’m good at it. I’m very glad 1．(tell) you something about how I study English. First, I think an interest in English is very important. When I learned English first, it was fresh for me. I was interested in it, so I worked hard at it and soon 2．(get) a very good mark. How happy I was! After that, I learned English harder and harder. And I also have a good habit: whenever I have a question, I must make it clear by 3．(ask) our teacher.Second, I think English is a foreign language. I should learn it well. I often 4．(listen) to the teacher carefully, speakbravely, read aloud and have a good vocabulary. Then practice again and again, never be tired. I think English 5．(learn) well, because it is useful. Besides this, I often read English stories, jokes and easy novels. They help me 6．(understand ) a lot of things. So to do more reading is an important way to learn English well.I 7．(study)for almost three years. English has become a close friend of mine. I hope each of you will learn English well. Ⅳ.阅读理解A13、My friend Karen and I always stay together. Karen is only a few months older than me. I think she is very beautiful. She has long hair and blue eyes. I love Karen so much, because she is such a nice friend. I can share my secrets with her and I am never afraid that she will tell my secrets to others. But I am not such a good friend. I sometimes get angry easily.One day, when we were in Grade 4, Karen was going to another friend’s home and asked me to go along with her. But I didn’t want to go to that friend’s home that day. I also didn’t want her to go. Instead, I wanted to go boating with her. However, Karen said she must go to that friend’s home. She said she didn’t want to break her words. I became angry and ran away.Later that day, I recei ved a call from Karen’s mother. She told me that Karen had a car accident that day and was in hospital. I immediately ran to the hospital to see if she was OK.Luckily, Karen wasn’t seriously hurt. That day, I was afraid that I would lose Karen forever. At that time, I knew how important she was in my life. I decided never to be angry with her again.1．What do we know about Karen according to the passage?A．She had short hair.B．She had brown eyes.C．She became angry easily.D．She was nice to the writer.2．That day Karen wanted to _______.A．go boatingB．enjoy a car rideC．buy somethingD．visit another friend3．who told the writer about the car accident that had happened to Karen?A．Karen’s friend.B．Karen’s mother.C．The writer’s mother.D．Karen’s friend’s mother.4．After the writer heard what had happened to Karen that day, she felt _______.A．excited B．bored C．worried D．happy5．What did the writer decide to do?A．Stay with Karen all the time.B．Never be angry with Karen again.C．Say sorry to Karen in the hospital.D．Be more careful when walking on the street.B14、Have you ever heard of ＂a ball of energy＂? People often use it to describe very active children. But today we tell about an invention called the soccket, that is a real soccer ball of energy. Julia Silverman explains that in fact the soccket is a portable generator(便携式发电机).Julia Silverman and Jessica Matthews developed the soccket as part of a group project for an engineering class at Harvard University.There are mechanisms(装置) in a soccket. When you kick, hit or throw it, energy is then kept in it by these mechanisms instead of disappearing into the environment.Then the user can put something directly into the ball, like a lamp, or a mobile phone charger so that they can get energy from it.For every fifteen minutes of the game play, the soccket can provide enough electricity(电) for an LED lamp for three hours, and the ball can store(储藏) up to 24 hours’ electricity.The International Energy Association reported last year that nearly one and a half billion people in the world had no electricity to use, and most of them live in sub-Saharan Africa and in India and other countries in Asia.Julia Silverman and Jessica Matthews both had experiences in developing countries before they began the project. They knew that power shortages are a serious problem in really areas.There’s an en ergy crisis in the world. One out of every five people in the world don’t have any electricity. And besides that, there are a lot of health problems because what people use instead of the electricity are harmful choices like kerosene(煤油) lamps, which produce a lot of smoke.Julia Silverman says the soccket ball is one small solution(解决方法) to a big problem.Jessica Matthews and Julia Silverman hope their soccket ball will shine more light on the problem of power shortages. It offe rs people a chance to put their energy into the world’s most popular sport and get some energy in return.1．From the passage, we know the soccket is ________.A．an active child B．an invention C．a lamp D．a mobile phone2．If you play the soccket for half an hour, it can provide an LED lamp with electricity for ________.A．fifteen minutes B．half an hour C．six hours D．three hours3．The underlined word ＂crisis＂in the passage means ________.A．a time of safety B．a time of difficulty C．a time of success D．a time of pride4．We can infer(推断) from the passage that ________.A．Julia Silverman has never been to developing countries beforeB．Active children like to play soccketC．kicking a soccket can let the energy disappear into the environmentD．people are expected to get some energy by playing soccket5．The best title for the passage should be ＂________＂.A．The only way to produce electricity B．The best way to solve energy crisisC．A soccer ball that gives energy D．An invention changing the worldC15、Strange things happen when you travel, because the earth is divided into twenty-four zones （时区）．The time difference between two zones is one hour．You can have days with more than twenty-four hours and days with fewer than twenty- four hours．You can have weeks with more than seven days and weeks with fewer than seven days．If you make a five-day trip （旅行）across the Atlantic Ocean （大西洋）, your ship come into a different time zone every day．As you come into each zone, the time changes one hour．If you travel west, you set your watch back．If you travel east, you set it ahead （向前）．Each day of your trip has either twenty-five or twenty-three hours．If you make a trip by ship across the Pacific Ocean （太平洋）, you cross the International Date Line（国际日期变更线）．This is the point where a new day begins when you cross the line, you change one full day．If you travel east, today becomes yesterday, if you travel west it is tomorrow．1．Something interesting will happen to the time if you travel because_____．A．a day has always fewer than twenty-four hoursB．a day has always more than twenty- four hoursC．a day has more or f ewer than twenty-four hoursD．some time zones are large and some time zones are small2．The time difference between two time zones is_______．A．twenty-four hours B．one hourC．two hours D．twenty-three hours3．If we crossthe Atlantic Ocean, we_______．A．change one full dayB．set our watch backC．set our watch aheadD．set our watch back or ahead4．If we travel east across the International Date Line on July 5th, the date becomes July______．A．3rd B．4th C．5th D．6th5．The Atlantic Ocean________．A．is in one time zoneB．is divided into twenty-four zonesC．is divided into five time zonesD．can not be crossed in five daysD16、Is Being Active Helpful for Better Grades?For some students, getting better grades can seem like an impossible task sometimes. With the challenges of school, just paying attention in class or studying hard isn't always enough. But what if there were other ways for students to improve their grades? For parents and students who have ever wondered if this is possible, now you can rest easy. Research suggests that a person who likes doing activities can improve their grades.Scientists think that those students who are active are not just exercising their bodies, but also exercising their brains. In turn, they can be able to improve their grades at school.In the most recent study, researchers found that when children played for half an hour each day, they were better at organizing their schoolwork as w ell as doing project work and learning traditionally ‘difficult’ subjects, such as maths. What does this mean for children who aren't active? Researchers think that if kids don't get enough activities, they are going to be at a disadvantage when it comes to school performance.In the research experiment, a group of children skipped with ropes, played basketball and did a number of other games or exercises. Another group of children didn't do any activities. They took part in testing both before the experiment and after the experiment. Testing was mainly for maths and reading skills. Results showed that the children in the activity group did better on the tests than those who had no activity.All work and no play will not only make Jack a dull (迟钝的) boy, but will also negatively (消极地) affect his grades in school, according to a new study published in the Journal of Pediatrics.Parents complain children today are actually less active and they always worry about their grades. Dr.Belton, an expert, she said: " I f you’d like to see your kids do better in school, have them close their books, set down their pencils and go outside to play."1．What does the expression "rest easy" in Paragraph I probably mean?A．Stop worrying B．Keep changingC．Avoid going D．Continue learning2．What does the writer want to tell us?A．Doing more homework can get better marks.B．All work and no play can do better on testing.C．Being active can do better on school subjects.D．Spending more time on exercise can have a better body.3．To help children get better grades, parents should ______.A．ask the researchers for help.B．encourage them to do more activities.C．help them to organize their schoolwork.D．let them solve problems by themselves.E17、Day and night across China, groups of middle-aged retirees, mostly women, gather together to dance in open space, like squares and parks. They are known as “guang chang wu da ma”. Their love for square dancing has made them a national phenomenon.However, some people don’t think highly of it. Their music is too loud, and they take up too much public space. Besides, they even dance at improper (not proper) places--- such as the square in front of the Louvre in Paris, where Chinese tourists broke into a dance last year.Even so, the dancers ar e growing in number and style. Li Dong,46, is a pioneer in this field. “In addition to keeping fit, square dancing has become so popular because older people who are free from work and from raising children want to be connected with one another. But I thin k that square dancing has a deeper meaning.”By teaching herself different dances, such as Latin, Tango and Cha-cha, Li adds variety (花样) to square dancing. “Although we are old, we are curious and want to try different dance style,” she said,” because s quare dancing has attracted(吸引)so much attention, I want to take it seriously.”As for people’s objection(反对)，Li says her team has taken the suggestion of turning down the volume(音量)and dancing at proper sites.” We are not a trouble at all.”1．Why does the writer mention Chinese tourists broke into a dance in front of the Louvre in Paris?A．Because their music was too loud . B．Because they weren’t dancing at a proper place.C．Because they took up too much space. D．Because they wanted to show their dancing to others.2．Which of the following is NOT the reason why older people love square dancing?A．It can help them keep healthy. B．They want to communicate with one another.C．They are free from work and raising children. D．They want to attract pe ople’s attention.3．As for people’s objection, Li has _____A．taught herself different dances like Latin, etc. B．danced better than before.C．put on beautiful dresses. D．tried to make less noise and choose proper sites.4．Which words can be used to describe Li Dong?A．Curious and creative(有创造性的). B．Helpful and careful.C．Kind and funny. D．Patient and active.5．This passage most probably comes from?A．A story book B．A science magazine C．A newspaper D．A text bookF18、All over the world the need for more laptops and computers increases each year. Networks have been part of our life. Probably everyone with a portable device (移动设备) has once logged on to a public WiFi network without paying for it, while they are having a coffee, on a train, in a shopping mall or at a hotel. However, is this kind of public WiFi network safe?Some networks are better protected than others because encryption (加密) methods are used. Therefore, they are safer than others. But a survey in 2015 showed that more than 950 million records were not protected, including addresses, emails, birth dales, phone numbers, passwords and so on. These open WiFi networks are really not safe, because it is very easy for hackers to break into the operating system and get people's private information.Most smartphones and laptops, by themselves, search and connect to WiFi networks. They usually prefer a network with a connection that has been used before. Hackers' devices are able to record these searches and look like the trusted WiFi networks. When these smartphones and laptops log on to the networks which are not real, hackers can easily steal their private information.So next time, when we want to use our laptops or our smartphones in public places which offer free WiFi networks，please think it twice or take safe measures before using them.1．We can learn from the passage that______.A．not all the public WiFi networks are safe B．none of the public WiFi networks is safeC．in 2015 more than 950 million records were protected D．there is no way to protect our private information 2．Hackers would probably get the following EXCEPT_______when we connect our laptops or smartphones to a public WiFi network.A．our birth dates B．our passwordsC．our phone numbers D．our smartphones3．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?A．Don't Use Public WiFi Networks B．Why the Public WiFi Networks a Possible DangerC．We Needn't Protect Our Private Information D．Why Hackers Break into the Operating SystemⅤ.书面表达19、书面表达以“My Weekend Housework”为题，写一篇短文，谈一谈上星期天你做过的家务活，并介绍你喜欢做的家务活和不喜欢做的家务活，并谈谈你做家务的感受。
2020三机九节点电力系统建模与仿真
学院专业姓名学号指导教师邮箱提交日期一、摘要电力系统仿真计算己经成为电力系统设计、运行与控制中不可缺少的手段。
通过设置不同故障类型、不同故障地点运用仿真技术可以对电力系统的暂态稳定进行分析。
本文采用IEEE 3 机9 节点的经典多机模型，基于隐式梯形积分法对系统发生三相金属性短路故障进行仿真，分析系统在这种情况下的暂态稳定。
发电机模型采用经典的二阶模型;负荷采用恒定阻抗负荷。
在Matlab2010 上编写程序进行调试和运行。
电力系统是由不同类型的发电机组、多种电力负荷、不同电压等级的电力网络等组成的十分庞大复杂的动力学系统。
其暂态过渡过程不仅包括电磁方面的过渡过程，而且还有机电方面的过渡过程。
由此可见，电力系统的数学模型是一个强非线性的高维状态方程组。
在动态稳定仿真中使用简单的电力系统模型，通过仿真计算分析说明，此仿真方法可以进行简单的电力系统暂态分析，对提高电力系统暂态稳定具有重要意义。
二、案例本次课程主要应用P. M. Anderson and A. A. Fouad 编写的《Power System Control and Stability》一书中所引用的Western System Coordinated Council (WSCC)三机九节点系统模型。
系统电路结构拓扑图如下：图2-1 3 机9 节点系统系统数据其中，节点数据如下：节点号有无负载类型电压相角有功负荷无功负荷有功出力无功出力电压基准期望电压N=[1 0 3 1.0400 0.00 0.00 0.00 71.60 27.00 16.50 1.0402 0 2 1.0250 0.00 0.00 0.00 163.00 6.70 18.00 1.0253 0 2 1.0250 0.00 0.00 0.00 85.00 -10.90 13.80 1.0254 0 0 1.0000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 230.00 1.0265 1 0 1.0000 0.00 125.00 50.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.9966 1 0 1.0000 0.00 90.00 30.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.0137 0 0 1.0000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 230.00 1.0268 1 0 1.0000 0.00 100.00 35.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.0169 0 0 1.0000 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 230.00 1.032]; %支路数据% 从到电阻电抗容纳类型变比B=[1 4 0.0 0.0576 0.0 1 12 7 0.0 0.0625 0.0 1 13 9 0.0 0.0586 0.0 1 14 5 0.010 0.085 0.176 0 04 6 0.017 0.092 0.158 0 05 7 0.032 0.161 0.306 0 06 9 0.039 0.170 0.358 0 07 8 0.0085 0.072 0.149 0 08 9 0.0119 0.1008 0.209 0 0];发电机数据如下：% 发电机母线Xd Xd' Td0' Xq Xq' Tq0’Tj XfGe=[ 1 1 0.1460 0.0608 8.96 0.0969 0.0969 0 47.28 0.05762 2 0.8958 0.1198 6.00 0.8645 0.1969 0.535 12.80 0.06253 3 1.3125 0.1813 8.59 1.2578 0.2500 0.600 6.02 0.0585];三、仿真框图在仿真之前，首先，应明确仿真的所要到达的结果，即仿真目标:本此仿真的结果主要是得到发电机攻角、转速随时间变化的值，包括故障前、故障中、故障后。
3 co-simulation 第2章 联合仿真实例
step1: 建构模型 由
范例: 构建机械手臂模型
指令拉出一条长度为六个格点的连杆
再拉第二条连杆以第一条连杆的尾端为起点长度为五个格点如下图
此时如果模拟则会发现连杆会掉落，因为没有限制条件的关系 step2: 加入节点(限制条件) 点选 成了。 Revolute Joint，将鼠标箭头移向空白处会出现”ground”点选左键一下，再移到第一跟连杆
出现如下之量测窗口，选择”Ax/Ay/Az Projected Rotation”对于”Z 轴” 相对于地面之量测取名为 Angle1。
仿真时可得如下之窗口
269
重复上述步骤建立两连杆间之量测取名为 Angle2。 Step4 : 建构马达控制力
建构”Torque”如下，
Ground 与连杆 1 之间使用”space fixed”或”body fixed”均可， 连杆 1 与连杆 2 之间使用”two bodies”。其 中 two bodies 先以 space-fixed 建立后，再修改成 two bodies。 马达力建构完成后将如下图所示
两次点选”Mechanical Dynamics”会出现设定窗口， 在此你可决定仿真时是否显示仿真动画、 离散或连续等等性 质。 Step3: 简单 PD 控制
开新 Simulink 窗口，将黄色的 adams_sub 复制或拖曳到新的 Simulink 窗口中并拉出简易之 PD 控制
276
其中 adams_subMechanical DynamicsSimulation mode改成 continuous。 当模拟完成后，会产生.res 档，可将.res 文件在开启我们的 ADAMS 模型后 import 进去，选择模型，在 PostProcessor 中观看模拟结果与动画。
自动售货机PLC控制系统设计
自动售货机PLC控制系统设计1前言 (1)1.1 论文研究的目的和意义 (1)1.2 本文的设计目标 (1)1.3 技术路线 (1)2 系统整体方案设计 (2)2.1 系统结构设计 (2)2.2 控制器选型 (3)(1)规模要适合 (3)(2)功能要相当，结构要合理 (3)(3)使用环境条件 (4)2.3软件工具 (5)(5) 兼容GX Developer软件。
(6)3 硬件设计 (6)3.2 PLC接线图 (7)4 软件设计 (8)4.1 软件流程设计 (8)4.2 钱币累加程序模块 (9)4.3 钱币比较与商品指示灯模块 (9)4.4 出货模块 (10)4.5 找零及计算模块 (11)4.6售出成功后复位模块 (12)5调试与仿真 (12)5.1 钱数为13 (12)5.2钱数为18 (13)6总结 (14)参考文献............................................ 错误!未定义书签。
致谢............................................... 错误!未定义书签。
1前言1.1 论文研究的目的和意义随着无人商店的诞生，自动售货机将会是一个应运而生的新时期的必然产品。
自动售货机二十四小时不间断的服务，节省了大批的人力物力，且占用建筑面积小，投资较低。
而自动贩售机器的仓库也可远程监视，及时精确地收集商品资讯，更可确保货源的充裕。
自动售货机是一款智能化业务装置，能够为城市居民实现全天候不中断的产品零售业务。
销售商品类型也由原来单纯的饮品、香烟等到了现在琳琅满目的日用物资，也因而受到了城市居民们的青睐。
而由于自动贩售机器功能的越来越丰富，它对核心系统的计算速度、安全性要求也更高。
比较于传统的自动售货机使用单片机为核心控制器，PLC为通用工业控制系统的设备拥有性能高、安全性强、维修简便等优点，也比较适宜于在公共场合的复杂环境下应用。
cadence仿真工具介绍1
( TB ( TO ( GT ( W1 ( A1 ( W2 ( A2 ( W3 ( A3
"nwell" ) "diff" ) "poly" ) "cut" ) "metal" ) "cut" ) "metal" ) "cut" ) "metal" )
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原理图编辑窗口结构分类编辑命令菜单常用快捷命令菜单1instance调用库单元cellview浏览器librarycellviewnameoption阵列行数列数旋转x镜像y镜像variable如果有2addpin调用端口pinpinnames总线命名方式总线名放置方式pin的旋转和镜像3addwire连线narroworwide4wirename连线命名连线规则连线粗细连线名称连线名称的相关属性10属性参数修改9undo11chechandsave12save5放大缩小8删除6stretch拉动保持连接7copy从分类菜单中可以看到命令的快捷键和许多其它命令仿真环境设置版图设计基本过程和要求在一定工艺下根据电路的要求依据版图设计规则设计每个器件的图形并完成排版布线形成一套完整的电路光刻掩膜版图形
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版图主要编辑命令 （2）修改类命令 ） Undo, Redo , Move, Copy, 拉动，改变形状， 拉动，改变形状， 删除，查找， 删除，查找， 合并图形， 合并图形， 制作单元， 制作单元， 打散单元， 打散单元， 劈切图形， 劈切图形， 胀缩图形， 胀缩图形， 旋转图形等等。 旋转图形等等。
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仿真3-9-1 例3-9-1的仿真
1、基于大信号模型
受控源模型采用ABM Current Source实现，结果有两个解，会得到错误那个解
修改电路，让U GS>U GS(th)得到正确那个解。
2、基于Spice模型
另一种根据理想元件，修改参数的方式
RD 540Ω
12V
RG216.8kΩ
6
7.2kΩ
RS 60Ω
Q2
IDQ
A
I: 10.0 mA I(p-p): 0 A I(rms): 0 A I(dc): 10.0 mA I(freq): --
UDQ V V: 6.60 V V(p-p): 0 V V(rms): 0 V V(dc): 6.60 V V(freq): --
USQ
V
V: 600 mV V(p-p): 0 V V(rms): 0 V V(dc): 600 mV V(freq): --
UGQ
V
V: 3.60 V V(p-p): 0 V V(rms): 0 V V(dc): 3.60 V V(freq): --
其中E-MOSFET 的设置为
通过前两个参数实现U GS(th)=2.5V ，I DO =250mA
仿真模型采用MOS1模型，即Shichman-Hodges 模型，描述了MOS 管电流-电压的平方率特性，适用于精度要求不高的长沟道MOS 管。
工作在恒流区的电流
方程为
()[]
()DS 2
th GS GS p DS 12U U U L
W K I γ+-=
γ——沟道长度调制系数，默认为0 W ——沟道宽度，默认100μm L ——沟道长度，默认100μm 所以K p 与I DO 的简单关系为
()
2
th GS DO
p 2U I K =。