词汇学课PPt( meaning of meaning)

The nature of meaning
Its definition, elements, and types, was discussed by philosophers Aristotle, Augustine, and Aquinas. According to them, meaning is a relationship between two sorts of things: signs and the kinds of things they mean (intend, express or signify)' One term in the relationship of meaning necessarily causes something else to come to the mind. In other words: a sign is defined as an entity that indicates another entity to some agent for some purpose.
＆Conceptional meaning (概念意
义)
Languages allow information to be conveyed even when the specific words used are not known by the reader or listener. People connect words with meaning and use words to refer to concepts. A person's intentions affect what is meant. Meaning (in English) as intent harkens back to the Anglo-Saxon(盎格鲁-撒克逊 ) and is associated today still, with the German verb "meinen" as to think or intend.
＆Meaning (linguistics)
In linguistics, meaning is what the source or sender expresses, communicates, or conveys in their message to the observer or receiver, and what the receiver infers from the current context.
Four aspects to explain meaning Pragmatic meaning(语用意义 ) Semantic meaning(语义意义 ) Conceptional meaning(概念意义 ) Semiotics(符号学 )
Pragmatic metics (语用学) is the study of how context affects meaning. The two primary forms of context important to pragmatics are linguistic context and situational context.
The types of meanings vary according to the types of the thing that is being represented. Namely: 1.There are the things in the world, which might have meaning; 2.There are things in the world that are also signs of other things in the world, and so, are always meaningful (i.e., natural signs of the physical world and ideas within the mind); 3.There are things that are always necessarily meaningful, such as words, and other nonverbal symbols.
＆Meaning (non-linguistic)
A non-linguistic meaning is an actual or possible derivation from sentience, which is not associated with signs that have any original or primary intent of communication. It is a general term of art used to capture a number of different senses of the word "meaning", independently from its linguistic uses.
Five aspects to explain meaning
Meaning as internal interpretation
Semantic meaning
Natural meaning
Consequences and meaning
Meaning and cognition
＆Meaning as internal interpretation
＆Consequences and meaning
Outside of the Pragmatic tradition was Canadian 20th century philosopher of media Marshall McLuhan. His famous dictum, "the medium is the message", can be understood to be a consequentialist theory of meaning. His idea was that the medium which is used to communicate carries with it information: namely, the consequences that arise from the fact that the medium has become popular. For example, one "meaning" of the light bulb might be the idea of being able to read during the night. The controversial social psychologist and ethicist Thomas John Szasz also seemed to hold this view, stating that "a word means its consequences" in debate.
＆Natural meaning
Another example of a non-linguistic sort of meaning is where a certain sign is associated with another event naturally, without there needing for there to be a conventional association made between the two. For instance, in the sentence, "Those clouds mean rain", "mean" is describing a natural association. Another example of natural meaning is the weathervane: when it points in a certain direction, that is taken to mean that the wind is blowing in the same direction. This notion of "meaning" was described by Paul Grice as "natural meaning".
Linguistic context is how meaning is understood without relying on intent and assumptions. In applied pragmatics, for example, meaning is formed through sensory experiences, even though sensory stimulus cannot be easily articulated in language or signs. Pragmatics, then, reveals that meaning is both something affected by and affecting the world. Meaning is something contextual with respect to language and the world, and is also something active toward other meanings and the world. Situational context refers to every non-linguistic factor that affects the meaning of a phrase. An example of situational context can be seen in the phrase "it's cold in here", which can either be a simple statement of fact or a request to turn up the heat, depending on, among other things, whether or not it is believed to be in the listener's power to affect the temperature.