2012上海高考英语一模翻译各区试题集
2012年上海高考英语卷及答案和听力文字
2012年上海市高考英语试卷第I卷(共105分)I. Listening ComprehensionII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25.______ passion, people won‟t have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking.A. ForB. WithoutC. BeneathD. By26.Is honesty the best policy? We ______ that it is when we are little.A. will teachB. teachC. are taughtD. will be taught27.As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn‟t allowed ______ into the sports club.A. goingB. to goC. goD. gone28.The new law states that people ______ drive after drinking alcohol.A. wouldn‟tB. needn‟tC. won‟tD. mustn‟t29.Only with the greatest of luck ______ to escape from the rising flood waters.A. managed sheB. she managedC. did she manageD. she did manage30.—I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.—I know. By next month, he ______ enough for a used one.A. will have savedB. will be savingC. has savedD. saves31.When he took his gloves off, I noticed that ______ one had his name written inside.A. eachB. everyC. otherD. another32.I have a tight budget for the trip, so I‟m not going to fly ______ the airlines lower ticket prices.A. onceB. ifC. afterD. unless33.When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble ______ the right things to say.A. thinking ofB. to think ofC. thought ofD. think of34.There is much truth in the idea ______ kindness is usually served by frankness.A. whyB. whichC. thatD. whether35.Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from ______ you received gifts?A. whichB. themC. thatD. whom36.The club, ______ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.A. foundedB. foundingC. being foundedD. to be founded37.—Was it by cutting down staff ______ she saved the firm?—No, it was by improving work efficiency.A. whenB. whatC. howD. that38.—We‟ve only got this small bookcase. Will that do?—No, ______ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.A. whoB. thatC. whatD. which39.“Genius” is a complicated concept, ______ many different factors.A. involvedB. involvingC. to involveD. being involved40.The map is one of the best tools a man has ______ he goes to a new place.A. wheneverB. whateverC. whereverD. howeverSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be usedFilmgoers should be told how many calories there are in the popcorn, ice cream and soft drinks that they buy in cinemas, according to the Food Standard Agency.Smaller popcorn buckets and drink cups should also be made 41 , the nutrition inspector said.Tim Smith, chief executive of the agency, told The Times that cinemas should help to deal with the country‟s overweight 42 .“There is a misbelief that popcorn is calorie-free, but that is not the case. It is a 43 to us,” he said. “Portion sizes are also a big issue, and there seems to be increasingly big packs on sale.”He spoke as a number of food chains such as Pret A Manger, Wimpey and The Real Greek 44 to put calorie counts on all their menus.A trial scheme(试行方案) with 21 food companies took place last summer, and 45 are that consumers altered their buying habits when they realised the number of calories in a product.A consultation (征询意见) on the trial ends next month but Mr Smith is already planning the second drive for American-style calorie counts and is 46 to win support from cinemas and other entertainment places, from football grounds to concert halls.Government 47 suggest that two thirds of adults and a third of children are overw eight. If trends are not 48 , this could rise to almost nine in ten adults and two thirds of children by 2050, putting them at 49 risk of heart disease, cancer and other diseases.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Filling in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another 50 , subway riders in New Y ork saw a man carrying a stick stumble(绊脚) and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his 51 ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to 52 aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In 53 these and other research findings, two themes are 54 : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think 55 assistance.In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. 56 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be 57 , but had apparently been “lost”. The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very 58 person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to 59 the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.The degree of 60 between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) 61 T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.Whether a person receives help depends in part on the “worth” of the case. For example, shoppers ina supermarket were more likely to give someone 62 to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for 63 than cookies. Passengers on a New Y ork subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be 64 rather than drunk.50.A. study B. way C. word D. college51.A. hand B. arm C. face D. back52.A. refuse B. beg C. lose D. receive53.A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing54.A. important B. possible C. amusing D. missing55.A. seek B. deserve C. obtain D. accept56.A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example57.A. printed B. mailed C. rewritten D. signed58.A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working59.A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down60.A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact61.A. expensive B. plain C. cheap D. strange62.A. time B. instructions C. money D. chances63.A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health64.A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sickSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Phil White has just returned from an 18,000-mile, around-the-world bicycle trip. White had two reasons for making this epic journey. First of all, he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he did. He raised￡70,000 for the British charity, Oxfam. White‟s second reason for making the trip was to break the world record and become the fastest person to cycle around the world. He is still waiting to find out if he has broken the record or not.White set off from Trafalgar Square, in London, on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 days later. He spent more than l,300 hours in the saddle (车座) and destroyed four sets of tyres and three bike chains. He had the adventure of his life crossing Europe, the Middle East, India, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Americas. Amazingly, he did all of this with absolutely no support team. No jeep carrying food, water and medicine. No doctor. Nothing! Just a bike and a very, very long road.The journey was lonely and desperate at times. He also had to fight his way across deserts, through jungles and over mountains. He cycled through heavy rains and temperatures of up to 45 degrees, all to help people in need. There were other dangers along the road. In Iran, he was chased by armed robbers and was lucky to escape with his life and the little money he had. The worst thing that happened to him was having to cycle into a headwind on a road that crosses the south of Australia. For l,000 kilometres he battled against the wind that was constantly pushing him. This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end. Now Mr. White is back and intends to write a book about his adventures.65.When Phil White returned from his trip, he _______.A. broke the world recordB. collected money for OxfamC. destroyed several bikesD. travelled about l,300 hours66.What does the word “epic” in Paragraph l most probably mean?A. V ery slow but exciting.B. V ery long and difficult.C. V ery smooth but tiring.D. V ery lonely and depressing.67.During his journey around the world, Phil White _______.A. fought heroically against robbers in IranB. experienced the extremes of heat and coldC. managed to ride against the wind in AustraliaD. had a team of people who travelled with him68.Which of the following words can best describe Phil White?A. Imaginative.B. Patriotic.C. Modest.D. Determined.(B)The value-packed, all-inclusivesight-seeing package thatcombines the best of Sydney’sharbour, city, bay and beachhighlights.A SydneyPass gives you unlimited and flexible travel on the Explorer Buses: the …red‟Sydney Explorer shows you around our exciting city sights while the …blue‟ Bondi Explorer visits Sydney Harbour bays and famous beaches. Take to the water on one of three magnificent daily harbour cruises (游船). Y ou can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses, Sydney Ferries or CityRail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city.Imagine browsing at Darling Harbour, sampling the famous seafood at Watsons Bay or enjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise. The possibilities and plans are endless with a SydneyPass. Wherever you decide to go, remember that bookings are not required on any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in, first seated basis.SydneyPasses are available for 3, 5 or 7 days for use over a 7 calendar day period. With a 3 or 5 day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it. All SydneyPasses include a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3, 5 or 7 days, and the return trip is valid (育效的) for 2 months from the first day your ticket was used.*A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under 16 years. Children under 4 years travel free.**A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16 years of age from the same family.69.A SydneyPass doesn‟t offer unlimited rides on _______.A. the Explorer BusesB. the harbour cruisesC. regular Sydney BusesD. CityRail services70.With a SydneyPass, a traveller can _______.A. save fares from and to the airportB. take the Sydney Explorer to beachesC. enjoy the famous seafood for freeD. reserve seats easily in a restaurant71.If 5-day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague and her children,aged 3, 6 and 10, what would the lowest cost be?A. $225.B. $300.C. $360.D. $420.(C)Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same “fight-or-flight” reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict (“fight”), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (“flight”). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called “tend and befriend.”That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young (“tend”), and by looking for social contact and support from others—especially other females (…befriend”).Scientists have long known that in the fight-or-flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that “animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious.” While men also secrete（分泌）oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.72.The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to _______.A. turn to friends for helpB. solve a conflict calmlyC. find an escape from realityD. seek comfort from children73.Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.74.What can be learned from the passage?A. Male hormones help build up the body‟s resistance to stress.B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.75.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. How men and women get over stress.B. How men and women suffer from stress.C. How researchers overcome stress problems.D. How researchers handle stress-related disorders.Section CDirections:Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph.76.________ 76—80. FAEDCLearning to read early has become one of those indicators— in parents‟ minds at least— that their child is smart. In fact, reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically. Research has shown that difficulty with reading is often due not to inferior intelligence but to differences in the developmental wiring of each individual child. In some cases, there are neurological problems and developmental lags that can be overcome with proper training.77.________Traditionally, American schools teach children at age six, but many schools begin teaching informally in kindergarten and pre-kindergarten. If parents start too early to encourage reading, and a child does not immediately succeed, the parent has a hard time relaxing and letting the child go at his or her own pace. 78.________Over the years, research has proved that the use of both the “whole language”method and the “phonic”method works best for a child to master reading. While the whole language approach, which includes reading to children and getting them interested in both the activity of reading and the story they are reading, is helpful, phonics must be taught. Children must be taught that one of the squiggles they see is a “p”and another a “b”. Getting the print off the page requires a different ability than being able to understand the meaning of what is written.79.________Y ou can start developing the skills needed in reading at a very young age without putting any pressure on children. Besides reading to them, parents can start “ear training” their child by playing rhyme games. This develops the child‟s ability to recognize different sounds. In reading to children, parents also can point to words as they go, teaching the child that the funny lines on the page are the words you are saying. All this should be a fun activity.80.________Once a child is in school, the learning of reading is inevitably more serious. For children who have some kind of reading difficulty, you must get a professional diagnosis. While the teacher might say the child is merely disinterested but will get over it, disinterest or poor performanc e in reading can stem from a number of things, some being very specific learning disabilities that can be identified and worked on. But it is very tricky for parents to deal with their own child‟s learning disabilities.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.While contact between adolescents (between the ages of fifteen and nineteen) and their peers (同龄人)is a universal characteristic of all cultures, the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal. In American contemporary society, adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.This pattern of age segregation (隔离) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the workplace separated children from adults, with adults working and children attending school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults. School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children. Finally, the changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture. From 1955 to 1975, the adolescent population increased dramatically, from 11 percent to 20.9 percent. This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size.Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents‟ daily activities and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity. In a typical week, high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence. In sixth grade, adults (excluding parents) account for only 25 percent of adolescent social networks. Another important characteristic of adolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous(白治的) function. While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents, adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS. ) 81.“This pattern of age segregation”refers to the phenomenon that adolescents segregate themselvesfrom ______________________________________________________________________________.82.Besides changes in the workplace, _________________________________are the other two factors contributing to adolescent peer culture.83.When do adolescents start to spend less time with adults?84.How do adolescent peer groups differ from childhood peer groups?第II卷(共45分)I. T ranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.她五年前开始拉小提琴。
上海市高三一模考试英语汇编 翻译题 含答案
2013届（2012学年）上海市高三英语一模——翻译（长宁）1.我最喜欢的运动是打网球。
(play)2.应该给予孩子们更多心理上的抚慰。
(comfort)3.不管多么困难，我们都应该按时完成这项利民工程。
(however)4.人们很少仅仅因为这座城市的生活节奏太快而决定离开。
(Rarely)5.她既然认为自己没有做错什么，那又何必要违心地当众认错呢？(against)1. My favorite sport is playing tennis.2. Children should be given / provided with more psychological comfort.3. However difficult it may be, we must finish the project that benefits ordinary people on time.4. Rarely do people decide to leave the city only because of its too fast pace of life.5. Why did she admit her mistake against her will in public since she thought she had donenothing wrong?（闸北）1. 足够的休息有利于病人的康复。
（do good to)2. 似乎年轻父母更注重孩子的语言学习。
（seem)3. 关于世界末日预言传播虽广，但最终被证明为假。
（although)4. Tom忽视了心脏病发作的早期信号，結果付出了生命。
（ignore)5. 他在记者会上的言行相当出乎意料，以至令所有在场的记者均不知所措。
（present)1. Enough rest does good to a patient's recovery.2. It seems that young parents pay more attention to a kid's language learning.3. Although the prediction about the end of the world spread widely, it finally proved to be unreal.4. Tom ignored the early signals of a heart attack and in the result he lost his life.5. His words and deeds at the press conference were so unexpected that all the reporters present were at a loss.（杨浦）1. 任何人都会犯错，但只有傻瓜坚持他的错误。
2012届上海高三英语一模中译英答案(长宁,徐汇,普陀,浦东,闵行)
（长宁）1.来信要求对这一案件进行进一步的调查。
(call for)The letter calls for further investigation of this case.2.去诊所看病通常没有去医院看病那么贵。
(expenseive)Going to the clinic is usually less expensive than going to the hospital.3.开展一项新业务时，有许多困难需要解决。
(deal)To launch a new business, we have a lot of difficulties to deal with.4.这个病人的死，毫无疑问是医生治疗不当造成的。
(death)There is no doubt that death of the patient is caused by the improper treatment of the doctor.5.孩子们从小就不得不在学业上竞争，这就给他们带来了日益增加的精神压力。
(which)Children had to compete with each other since they were very young, which brought them increasing psychological pressure.（闵行）1. 我们有必要在出发前制定一份计划。
(It…)It is necessary for us to make a plan before we start.2. 中国加入世贸组织至今已十年了。
(since)It is/ has been ten years since China joined WTO.3. 这是最新款的手机，有些功能我不太熟悉。
(familiar)This is a newly released / the newest mobile phone, and I am not quite familiar with some of the functions.4. 虽然不被公众看好，但这位歌手仍然坚持自己的演唱风格。
2012 上海一模试卷翻译集合 60句 附答案
散装同步试卷翻译1.你是否介意我把窗打开？（mind）Would you mind my opening the window?2.解决食品安全问题不是一朝一夕的事。
（take）It takes a long time to solve the problem of food safety.3.由于有了更多获取信息的途径，所以读报的人越来越少了。
（access）Nowadays, we have more access to information, so fewer and fewer people read newspaper.4.随着生活费用的上涨，人们发现越来越难以负担日常开销。
（it）With the rising in the cost of living expense, people find it more and more difficult to afford their daily expense.5.苹果体验店（Apple Experience Center）开在北京大学图书馆不仅有悖于北大的精神，而且也占据了学生宝贵的学习空间。
（Besides）To set up an Apple Experience Center in the library of Peking University is not only against its spirit. Besides, it also takes up the precious study space of the students.6.人们认为信心和耐心是成功的关键。
（consider）People consider confidence and patience to be the key to success.7.应当鼓励学生养成独立思考的好习惯。
（habit）Students should be encouraged to get into the good habit of thinking independently.8.不管天有多冷，他不顾父母反对坚持步行上学。
2012上海各区县英语一模卷答案汇总
闵行区1. B2. D3. A4. B5. C6. C7. D8. C9. D 10. A 11. A 12. B 13. C 14. C 15.A 16.B17. accident 18. broken 19. wet 20. lady21. Modern East Asia 22. biology 23. 3rd 24. share the book / split the cost 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. B 29. C 30. B 31. A 32. C 33. A 34. C 35. B 36. C 37. D 38. D 39. C 40. D41. C 42. A 43. F 44. D 45. H 46. I 47. E 48. J 49. B 50. C 51. D 52. B 53. C 54. A 55. B 56. A 57. C 58. D 59. B 60. A 61. C 62. B 63. A 64. D65. C 66. D 67. B 68. A 69. C 70. B 71. D 72. C 73. A 74. D75. B76.B 77. D 78. C 79. A 80. E81. in reality independent and private (actually)82. only a small number of children are studying there83. Because it is required by law.84. Because they have great influence on English education and society.第II卷I. Translation1. It is necessary for us to make a plan before we start.2. It is/ has been ten years since China joined WTO.3. This is a newly released / the newest mobile phone, and I am not quite familiar with some of the functions.4. Although the singer is not well recognized/received by the audience (popular with the audience), he sticks to his own singing style.5. Having experienced / After we have experienced failure after failure, we realize that there is no shortcut in doing anything and we won’t succeed unless we work hard.奉贤区II. Grammar and vocabulary25—29 CBBAB 30—34 CADDB 35—39 CBC(B)DC 40 C41—45 GHCAJ 46—49 FBEIIII. Reading50—54 BDCAB 55—59 BBCCC 60—64 AACCA65—68 BDCC 69—71 BDA 72—75 ADAB76—80 ACEFB81. chemicals in the brain82. they needed more junk food to stimulate their pleasure centers/ needed more brain stimulationto feel good83. By delivering a small electrical charge to the rats’ brains.84. To understand the role the brain plays in obesity/ how chemicals in the brain contribute toobesity.Translation:1.We had better take/do exercise/ exercise every day.2. Don’t hesitate to contact me/get in touch /make contact with me if you need more/any furtherinformation.3. The total amount of the export this year has increased by three times, compared with/to that ofthe same time last year.4. It is essential/necessary for students to participate in social activity/practice (in order) to learnsomething that they can’t get in class.5. Long before children are able to speak or understand a language, they can communicate with adults through facial expressions and by making noises.Children can communicate with adults through facial expressions and by making noises long before they are able to speak or understand a language.长宁ection A: 单选部分题目比较基础，难度基本与高考持平，甚至略简单。
2012上海各区英语一模答案(高三)老师给的
012宝山区高三答案及评分标准参考答案：1—5 CBCCA 6—10 AABDA 11—16 BBC BAD17. magazine 18. concerts 19. traveling 20. disabled21. Euston Centre 22.AD 58412 23.By cheque/check 24. Within three weeks25—29 CADAC 30—34 CBBDC 35—40 BCABA A41. D 42. C 43.H 44.B 45.G 46.J 47.F 48.A 49. E50—54 BAACD 55—59 DBACC 60—64 BADCB65—68 ACBC 69—71 ACD 72—75 BBDC 76—80 ADFEB81. the financial crisis could influence other parts82. swift and impressive83. not smart enough84. trusting and supporting the Fed and the U.S. government.85. The monitor was absent from/ the class meeting /yesterday/yesterday’s class meeting.86. In order to/To catch up with other students, /he is trying to /cure himself of bad habits /in his study.87. There is no doubt that /the teacher finds fault with your homework/exercises /in order to/so as to/to help you/ make greater progress.88. Although (they were) tired out, /they still continued to /search for the survivors/in the accident.89. Only by /facing the reality /and analyzing the situation seriously /can we find /the solution to the problem.评分标准：Reading:1. 每题2分。
2012年上海高考英语翻译题
TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.她五年前开始拉小提琴。
(play)答案：She began to play the violin five years ago。
本题考察单词begin和时态的用法，学生可能会漏译begin一词，也可能过去式写错。
2.由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。
(owing)答案：Owing to bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours.本题考察owing to的用法，学生可能不清楚用法写错，也可能由于单词积累不到位，不知道航班和延误怎么拼写而导致出错。
3.每位设计师都希望自己的作品能经受时间的考验。
(stand)答案：Every designer hopes that his work can stand the test of time.本题考察宾语从句以及动词stand的用法，学生可能由于不清楚stand有经受的意思而出错，不清楚考验对应的英文单词而出错，把自己的直接翻译成own出现句子中的指代错误。
4.能否抵御网络游戏的诱惑是摆在中学生面前的一道难题。
(It)答案：It is a difficult problem for high school students whether they can r esist the temptation of online games.本题考察形式主语，学生可能由于没有看到所给it首字母大写而出错，想要对应摆在的英文单词而忽视了形式主语的句式出错，抵御和诱惑对应的单词不会拼写出错。
5.在展览会上，公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。
(demonstrate)答案：At the exhibition, the company's sales manager demonstrated the new t ype of electronic toys that children were looking forward to.本题考察动词demon strate的用法，以及宾语从句和定语从句的用法，学生可能不会使用单词demonstrate而出错，固定思维在look forward to后面加名词，先行词的重复出现定语从句错误，可能不清楚销售经理对应的英文出错。
2012年高考英语上海卷及答案
英语试卷 第1页（共14页）英语试卷 第2页（共14页）绝密★启用前2012年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试（上海卷）英语考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1-12页）和第Ⅱ卷（第13-14页），全卷共14页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
第I 卷（共105分）Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a library. B. At a hotel. C. At a bank. D. At an airport.2. A. Relaxed. B. Annoyed. C. Worried. D. Satisfied.3. A. Doctor and patient. B. Shop owner and customer. C. Secretary and boss. D. Receptionist and guest.4. A. He would have thrown $300 around. B. $300 is not enough for the concert. C. Sandy shouldn ’t have given that much. D. Dave must be mad with the money.5. A. She lives close to the man. B. She changes her mind at last. C. She will turn to her manager. D. She declines the man’s offer.6. A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.7. A. Both of them drink too much coffee. B. The woman doesn’t like coffee at all. C. They help each other stop drinking coffee. D. The man is uninterested in the woman’s story.8. A. He doesn’t mind helping the woman. B. He hesitates whether to help or not. C. He’ll help if the woman doesn’t mind.D. He can’t help move the cupboard. 9. A. He’s planning to find a new job. B. He prefers to keep his house in a mess. C. He’s too busy to clean his house. D. He has already cleaned his new house. 10. A. She doesn’t agree with the man. B. She is good at finding a place to stay. C. She could hardly find the truth. D. She had no travel experience in Britain. Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Use the company’s equipment. B. Give orders to robots. C. Make decisions for the company. D. Act as Big Brother.12. A. Employees gain full freedom. B. Employees suspect one another. C. Employees’ children are happy.D. Employees enjoy working there.13. A. Reward. B. Safety. C. Trust. D. Honesty. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Canada had a smaller population. B. Land was cheaper in Canada. C. They wanted to continue the Revolution. D. They were against Britain. 15. A. They standardized Canadian English. B. They settled there after the Revolution. C. They enjoy a very high social position. D. They make up a small part of the population.16. A. It is considered unique to some extent. B. It is greatly influenced by French. C. It is mainly linked to British culture. D. It dates back to the late 17th century. Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks-------------在--------------------此--------------------卷--------------------上--------------------答--------------------题--------------------无--------------------效姓名________________ 准考证号_____________with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet. Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Class Registration FormName: Andrew SmithDepartment: The 17 DepartmentStudent ID: 18Class: The 19 classTime: 20 , 2:00—4:00 p.m.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.What way special about the Experiment group? The members were from different cities with different 21 and cultures.What did the girl learn from theExperiment?Different people can be 22 .How did the host family treat the girl? They treated her as 23 .Why did the girl say language is notalways important?Sometimes 24 can say more than words.Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.25. ______ passion, people won’t have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking.A. ForB. WithoutC. BeneathD. By26. Is honesty the best policy? We ______ that it is when we are little.A. will teachB. teachC. are taughtD. will be taught27. As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn’t allowed ______ into the sports club.A. goingB. to goC. goD. gone 28. The new law states that people ______ drive after drinking alcohol.A. wouldn’tB. needn’tC. won’tD. mustn’t29. Only with the greatest of luck ______ to escape from the rising flood waters.A. managed sheB. she managedC. did she manageD. she did manage30. —I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.—I know. By next month, he ______ enough for a used one.A. will have savedB. will be savingC. has savedD. saves31. When he took his gloves off, I noticed that ______ one had his name written inside.A. eachB. everyC. otherD. another32. I have a tight budget for the trip, so I’m not going to fly ______ the airlines lower ticket prices.A. onceB. ifC. afterD. unless33. When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble ______ the right things to say.A. thinking ofB. to think ofC. thought ofD. think of34. There is much truth in the idea ______ kindness is usually served by frankness.A. whyB. whichC. thatD. whether35. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from ______ you received gifts?A. whichB. themC. thatD. whom36. The club, ______ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.A. foundedB. foundingC. being foundedD. to be founded37. —Was it by cutting down staff ______ she saved the firm?—No, it was by improving work efficiency.A. whenB. whatC. howD. that38. —We’ve only got this small bookcase. Will that do?—No, ______ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.A. whoB. thatC. whatD. which39. “Genius” is a complicated concept, ______ many different factors.A. involvedB. involvingC. to involveD. being involved40. The map is one of the best tools a man has ______ he goes to a new place.A. wheneverB. whateverC. whereverD. howeverSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.英语试卷第3页（共14页）英语试卷第4页（共14页）A. maintainedB. seriousC. indicationsD. figuresE. anxiousF. concernG. crisisH. decidedI. availableJ. reversedFilmgoers should be told how many calories there are in the popcorn, ice cream and soft drinks that they buy in cinemas, according to the Food Standard Agency.Smaller popcorn buckets and drink cups should also be made 41 , the nutrition inspector said.Tim Smith, chief executive of the agency, told The Times that cinemas should help to deal with the country’s overweight42 .“There is a misbelief that popcorn is calorie-free, but that is not the case. It is a 43 to us,” he said. “Portion sizes are also a big issue, and there seems to be increasingly bi g packs on sale.”He spoke as a number of food chains such as Pret A Manger, Wimpey and The Real Greek 44 to put calorie counts on all their menus.A trial scheme（试行方案）with 21 food companies took place last summer, and 45 are that consumers altered their buying habits when they realised the number of calories in a product.A consultation（征询意见）on the trial ends next month but Mr Smith is already planning the second drive for American-style calorie counts and is 46 to win support from cinemas and other entertainment places, from football grounds to concert halls.Government 47 suggest that two thirds of adults and a third of children are overweight. If trends are not 48 , this could rise to almost nine in ten adults and two thirds of children by 2050, putting them at 49 risk of heart disease, cancer and other diseases.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another 50 , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble（绊脚）and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his 51 ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to 52 aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In 53 these and other research findings, two themes are 54 : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think 55 assistance.In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. 56 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be 57 , but had apparently been “lost”. The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very 58 person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to 59 the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.The degree of 60 between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) 61 T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.Whether a person receives help depends in part on the “worth” of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone. 62 to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for 63 than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be 64 rather than drunk.50. A. study B. way C. word D. college51. A. hand B. arm C. face D. back52. A. refuse B. beg C. lose D. receive53. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing54. A. important B. possible C. amusing D. missing55. A. seek B. deserve C. obtain D. accept56. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example57. A. printed B. mailed C. rewritten D. signed58. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working59. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down60. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact61. A. expensive B. plain C. cheap D. strange62. A. time B. instructions C. money D. chances63. A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health64. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sickSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.英语试卷第5页（共14页）英语试卷第6页（共14页）。
2012年上海高三英语一模翻译分类
词汇考查1.来信要求对这一案件进行进一步的调查。
(call for) （长宁）2. 我们最好天天锻炼身体。
（exercise）（奉贤）3. 由谁来为这次事故承担责任？（blame）（虹口）4. 这些建设工程旨在降低人们的生活成本，并改善他们的生活条件。
（aim）（虹口）5. 所有队员都赞成他的提议。
(favour)（徐汇）6. 请尽快对我们的计划做出评论。
(comment)（崇明）7. Sandra的物理不是比Karen强吗? （superior）（青浦）8. 班长昨天班会课没来。
(absent)（宝山）9.许多街道都是以名人或大城市命名的。
（name vt.）（嘉定）10. 简单的生活方式有利于环保。
(benefit) （浦东）11．他非常喜欢玩电脑游戏。
(keen)（金山）12. 他决定重新考虑这个计划。
(decide)（黄浦）13.如今，很多机场使用电子设备来检查旅客携带的行李中的违禁物品。
（check）（闸北）状语从句1. 等这条铁路延伸至那座偏远的小城之后，当地的经济一定会得到迅猛的发展。
（by the time）（嘉定）2. 中国加入世贸组织至今已十年了。
(since)（闵行）3. 互联网是个人电脑发明以来最重要的进步。
（since）（卢湾）4. 中国达人秀(China Talent Show) 吸引了成千上万名各个年龄层的人，因为它给普通人以展示自我的机会。
(because)（卢湾）5. 别对她期望太高，她毕竟只是一个新手。
(expect)（徐汇）6. 这种药品不如广告上说得那么有效，因为他服了药后，远没有缓解他的咳嗽。
(claim) （静安）7. 我不赞成儿童参加中国达人秀（China’s Got Talent），因为这会使他们梦想一夜成名。
（approve of）（嘉定）（定语从句）8. 因为不良的饮食习惯，西方人比亚洲人更容易得心脏病。
（likely）（徐汇）9.交流时，我们可能会遇到与自己观点截然不同的人。
2012年高考英语上海卷(含详细答案)
英语试卷 第1页（共14页）英语试卷 第2页（共14页）绝密★启用前2012年全国普通高等学校招生统一考试（上海卷）英语考生注意：1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第Ⅰ卷（第1-12页）和第Ⅱ卷（第13-14页），全卷共14页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
第I 卷（共105分）Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a library. B. At a hotel. C. At a bank. D. At an airport.2. A. Relaxed. B. Annoyed. C. Worried. D. Satisfied.3. A. Doctor and patient. B. Shop owner and customer. C. Secretary and boss. D. Receptionist and guest.4. A. He would have thrown $300 around. B. $300 is not enough for the concert. C. Sandy shouldn’t have given that much. D. Dave must be mad with the money.5. A. She lives close to the man. B. She changes her mind at last. C. She will turn to her manager. D. She declines the man’s offer.6. A. 2. B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.7. A. Both of them drink too much coffee. B. The woman doesn’t like coffee at all. C. They help each other stop drinking coffee. D. The man is uninterested in the woman’s story.8. A. He doesn’t mind helping the woman. B. He hesitates whether to help or not. C. He’ll help if the woman doesn’t mind. D. He can’t help move the cupboard. 9. A. He’s planning to find a new job. B. He prefers to keep his house in a mess. C. He’s too busy to clean his house. D. He has already cleaned his new house. 10. A. She doesn’t agree with the man. B. She is good at finding a place to stay. C. She could hardly find the truth. D. She had no travel experience in Britain.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage. 11. A. Use the company’s equipment. B. Give orders to robots. C. Make decisions for the company. D. Act as Big Brother.12. A. Employees gain full freedom. B. Employees suspect one another. C. Employees’ children are happy.D. Employees enjoy working there.13. A. Reward. B. Safety. C. Trust. D. Honesty. Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. Canada had a smaller population. B. Land was cheaper in Canada. C. They wanted to continue the Revolution. D. They were against Britain. 15. A. They standardized Canadian English. B. They settled there after the Revolution. C. They enjoy a very high social position. D. They make up a small part of the population.16. A. It is considered unique to some extent. B. It is greatly influenced by French. C. It is mainly linked to British culture. D. It dates back to the late 17th century.-------------在--------------------此--------------------卷--------------------上--------------------答--------------------题--------------------无--------------------效----------姓名________________ 准考证号_____________Section CDirections: In Section C,you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.Ⅱ. Grammar and vocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.25. ______ passion, people won’t have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking.A. ForB. WithoutC. BeneathD. By26. Is honesty the best policy? We ______ that it is when we are little.A. will teachB. teachC. are taughtD. will be taught 27. As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn’t allowed ______ into the sports club.A. goingB. to goC. goD. gone28. The new law states that people ______ drive after drinking alcohol.A. wouldn’tB. needn’tC. won’tD. mustn’t29. Only with the greatest of luck ______ to escape from the rising flood waters.A. managed sheB. she managedC. did she manageD. she did manage30. —I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.—I know. By next month, he ______ enough for a used one.A. will have savedB. will be savingC. has savedD. saves31. When he took his gloves off, I noticed that ______ one had his name written inside.A. eachB. everyC. otherD. another32. I have a tight budget for the trip, so I’m not going to fly ______ the airlines lower ticket prices.A. onceB. ifC. afterD. unless33. When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble ______ the right things to say.A. thinking ofB. to think ofC. thought ofD. think of34. There is much truth in the idea ______ kindness is usually served by frankness.A. whyB. whichC. thatD. whether35. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from ______ you received gifts?A. whichB. themC. thatD. whom36. The club, ______ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.A. foundedB. foundingC. being foundedD. to be founded37. —Was it by cutting down staff ______ she saved the firm?—No, it was by improving work efficiency.A. whenB. whatC. howD. that38. —We’ve only got this small bookcase. Will that do?—No, ______ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.A. whoB. thatC. whatD. which39. “Genius” is a complicated concept, ______ many different factors.A. involvedB. involvingC. to involveD. being involved40. The map is one of the best tools a man has ______ he goes to a new place.A. wheneverB. whateverC. whereverD. however英语试卷第3页（共14页）英语试卷第4页（共14页）Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Filmgoers should be told how many calories there are in the popcorn, ice cream and soft drinks that they buy in cinemas, according to the Food Standard Agency.Smaller popcorn buckets and drink cups should also be made 41 , the nutrition inspector said.Tim Smith, chief executive of the agency, told The Times that cinemas should help to deal with the country’s overweight 42 .“There is a misbelief that popcorn is calorie-free, but that is not the case. It is a 43 to us,” he said. “Portion sizes are also a big issue, and there seems to be increasingly big packs on sale.”He spoke as a number of food chains such as Pret A Manger, Wimpey and The Real Greek 44 to put calorie counts on all their menus.A trial scheme（试行方案）with 21 food companies took place last summer, and 45 are that consumers altered their buying habits when they realised the number of calories in a product.A consultation（征询意见）on the trial ends next month but Mr Smith is already planning the second drive for American-style calorie counts and is 46 to win support from cinemas and other entertainment places, from football grounds to concert halls.Government 47 suggest that two thirds of adults and a third of children are overweight. If trends are not 48 , this could rise to almost nine in ten adults and two thirds of children by 2050, putting them at 49 risk of heart disease, cancer and other diseases.Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another 50 , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble（绊脚）and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his 51 ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to 52 aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In 53 these and other research findings, two themes are 54 : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think 55 assistance.In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. 56 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be 57 , but had apparently been “lost”. The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very 58 person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to 59 the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.The degree of 60 between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) 61 T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.Whether a person receives help depends in part on the “worth” of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone. 62 to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for 63 than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be 64 rather than drunk.50. A. study B. way C. word D. college51. A. hand B. arm C. face D. back52. A. refuse B. beg C. lose D. receive53. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing54. A. important B. possible C. amusing D. missing55. A. seek B. deserve C. obtain D. accept56. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example57. A. printed B. mailed C. rewritten D. signed58. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working59. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down60. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact61. A. expensive B. plain C. cheap D. strange62. A. time B. instructions C. money D. chances63. A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health64. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sick英语试卷第5页（共14页）英语试卷第6页（共14页）Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.（A）Phil White has just returned from an 18 000-mile, around-the-world bicycle trip. White had two reasons for making this epic journey. First of all, he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he did. He raised ₤70 000 for the British charity, Oxfam. White’s second reason for making the trip was to break the world record and become the fastest person to cycle around the world. He is still waiting to find out if he has broken the record or not.White set off from Trafalgar Square, in London, on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 days later. He spent more than l 300 hours in the saddle（车座）and destroyed four sets of tyres and three bike chains. He had the adventure of his life crossing Europe, the Middle East, India, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Americas. Amazingly, he did all of this with absolutely no support team. No jeep carrying food, water and medicine. No doctor. Nothing! Just a bike and a very, very long road.The journey was lonely and desperate at times. He also had to fight his way across deserts, through jungles and over mountains. He cycled through heavy rains and temperatures of up to 45 degrees, all to help people in need. There were other dangers along the road. In Iran, he was chased by armed robbers and was lucky to escape with his life and the little money he had. The worst thing that happened to him was having to cycle into a headwind on a road that crosses the south of Australia. For 1 000 kilometres he battled against the wind that was constantly pushing him. This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end. Now Mr. White is back and intends to write a book about his adventures.65. When Phil White returned from his trip, he ______.A. broke the world recordB. collected money for OxfamC. destroyed several bikesD. travelled about 1 300 hours66. What does the word “epic” in Paragraph l most probably mean?A. Very slow but exciting.B. Very long and difficult.C. Very smooth but tiring.D. Very lonely and depressing.67. During his journey around the world, Phil White _______.A. fought heroically against robbers in IranB. experienced the extremes of heat and coldC. managed to ride against the wind in AustraliaD. had a team of people who travelled with him68. Which of the following words can best describe Phil White?A. Imaginative.B. Patriotic.C. Modest.D. Determined.（B）The value-packed, all-inclusive sight-seeing package that combines the bestof Sydney’s harbour, city, bay andbeach highlights.A SydneyPass gives you unlimited and flexible travel on the Explorer Buses: the ‘red’ Sydney Explorer shows you around our exciting city sights while the ‘blue’ Bondi Explorer visits Sydney Harbour bays and famous beaches. Take to the water on one of three magnificent daily harbour cruises（游船）. You can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses, Sydney Ferries or CityRail services(limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city.Imagine browsing at Darling Harbour, sampling the famous seafood at Watsons Bay or enjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise. The possibilities and plans are endless with a SydneyPass. Wherever you decide to go, remember that bookings are not required on any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in, first seated basis.SydneyPasses are available for 3, 5 0r 7 days for use over a 7 calendar day period. With a 3 or5 day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it. All SydneyPasses includea free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3, 5 or 7 days, and the return trip is valid （有效的）for 2 months from the first day your ticket was used.SydneyPass FaresAdult Child*Family**3 day ticket$90$45$2255 day ticket$120$60$3007 day ticket$140$70$350*A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under 16 years. Children under4 years travel free.**A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16 years of age from the same family.英语试卷第7页（共14页）英语试卷第8页（共14页）69. A SydneyPass doesn’t offer unlimited rides on ______.A. the Explorer BusesB. the harbour cruisesC. regular Sydney BusesD. CityRail services70. With a SydneyPass, a traveller can________.A. save fares from and to the airportB. take the Sydney Explorer to beachesC. enjoy the famous seafood for freeD. reserve seats easily in a restaurant71. If 5-day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague andher children, aged 3, 6 and 10, what would the lowest cost be?A. $225.B. $300.C. $360.D. $420.（C）Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same “fight-or-flight” reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict (“flight”), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (“flight”). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called “tend and befriend.” That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young(“tend”), and by looking for social contact and support from others—especially other females(“befriend”).Scientists have long known that in the fight-or-flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones（激素）released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that “animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious.” While men also secrete（分泌）oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory（调节的）system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.72. The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to ______.A. turn to friends for helpB. solve a conflict calmlyC. find an escape from realityD. seek comfort from children73. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.74. What can be learned from the passage?A. Male hormones help build up the body’s resistance to stress.B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.75. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. How men and women get over stressB. How men and women suffer from stressC. How researchers overcome stress problemsD. How researchers handle stress-related disorders英语试卷第9页（共14页）英语试卷第10页（共14页）Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.76.Learning to read early has become one of those indicators — in parents’ minds at least – that their child is smart. In fact, reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically. Research has shown that difficulty with reading is often due not to inferior intelligence but to differences in the developmental wiring of each individual child. In some cases, there are neurological problems and developmental lags that can be overcome with proper training.77.Traditionally, American schools teach children at age six, but many schools begin teaching informally in kindergarten and pre-kindergarten. If parents start too early to encourage reading, and a child does not immediately succeed, the parent has a hard time relaxing and letting the child go at his or her own pace.78.Over the years, research has proved that the use of both the “whole language”method and the “phonic” method works best for a child to master reading. While the whole language approach, which includes reading to children and getting them interested in both the activity of reading and the story they are reading, is helpful, phonics must be taught. Children must be taught that one of the squiggles they see is a “p” and another a “b”. Getting the print off the page requires a different ability than being able to understand the meaning of what is written.79.You can start developing the skills needed in reading at a very young age without putting any pressure on children. Besides reading to them, parents can start “ear training” their child by playing thyme games. This develops the child’s ability to recognize different sounds. In reading to children, parents also can point to words as they go, teaching the child that the funny lines on the page are the words you are saying. All this should be a fun activity.80.who have some kind of reading difficulty, you must get a professional diagnosis. While the teacher might say the child is merely disinterested but will get over it, disinterest or poor performance in reading can stem from a number of things, some being very specific learning disabilities that can be identified and worked on. But it is very tricky for parents to deal with their own child’s learning disabilities.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.While contact between adolescents (between the ages of fifteen and nineteen) and their peers（同龄人）is a universal characteristic of all cultures, the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal. In American contemporary society, adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.This pattern of age segregation（隔离）in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the workplace separated children from adults, with adults working and children attending school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults. School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children. Finally, the changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture. From 1955 to 1975, the adolescent population increased dramatically, from 11 percent to 20.9 percent. This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size.Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents’ daily activities and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity. In a typical week, high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence. In sixth grade, adults (excluding parents) account for only 25 percent of adolescent social networks. Another important characteristic of adolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous（自治的）function. While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents, adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so.（Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.）81. “This pattern of age segregation” refers to the phenomenon that adolescents segregate themselves from __________________.82. Besides changes in the workplace, __________________ are the other two factors contributing to adolescent peer culture.83. When do adolescents start to spend less time with adults?84. How do adolescent peer groups differ from childhood peer groups?英语试卷第11页（共14页）英语试卷第12页（共14页）第Ⅱ卷（共45分）Ⅰ.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1．她五年前开始拉小提琴。
2012年上海高考英语（含答案）
2012年高考英语试题（上海卷）考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
2．本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
试卷分为第1卷（第1-12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3．答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
第1卷（共105分）I . Listening ComprehensionSection AAt the Directions：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At a library. B. At a hotel. C. At a bank. D. At an airport. 2. A. Relaxed. B. Annoyed. C. Worried. D. Satisfied 3. A. Doctor and patient.B. Shop owner and customer. C. Secretary and boss. D. Receptionist and guest. 4. A. He would have thrown $300 around. B. $300 is not enough for the concert. C. Sandy shouldn't have given that much. D. Dave must be mad with the money 5. A. She lives close to the man. B. She changes her mind at last. C. She will turn to her manager. D. She declines the man's offer. 6．A.2B.3．C.4．D．5 7. A. Both of them drink too much coffee. B. The woman doesn't Like coffee at all. C. They help each other stop drinking coffee. D. The man is uninterested in the woman's story 8. A. He doesn't. mind helping the woman. B. He hesitates whether to help or not. C. He'll help if the woman doesn't mind D. He can't help move the cupboard. 9. A. He's planning to find a new job. B. He prefers to keep his house in a mess. C. He's too busy to clean his house D. He has already cleaned his new house,10. A. She doesn't agree with the man. B. She is good at fmding a place to stay. C. She could hardly find the truth. D. She had no travel expei/ence in Britain. - 1 - Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked threequestions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will bespoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper anddecide which one w ould be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage 11. A. Use the company's equipment. B. Give orders to robots C. Make decisions for the company. D. Act as Big Brother. 12. A. Employees gain full freedom. B. Employees suspect one another.C. Employees' children are happy. D. Employees enjoy working there. 13. A. Reward. B. Safety. C. Trust. D. Honesty Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage 14. A. Canada had a smaller population. B. Land was cheaper in Canada. C. They wanted to continue the Revolution. D. They were against Britain. 15. A. They standardized Canadian English. B. They settled there after the Revolution. C. They enjoy a very high social position. D. They make up a small part of the population 16. A. It is considered unique to some extent. B. It is greatly influenced by French. C. It is mainly linked to British culture. D. It dates back to the late 17th century. Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will beread twice. twice. After After After you you you hear hear hear each conversation, each conversation, you you are required are required to to fill fill fill in in in the the the numbered numbered numbered blankswith blankswith blankswith the the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet. Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer. Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 25. passion, people won't have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking.A.For . B.Without C.Beneath D.By26. Is honesty the best policy? We _ that it is when we are little.A. will teach B. teach C. are taught D. will be taught 27. As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn't allowedinto the sports club. A. going B. to go C. go D. gone 28. The new law states that people _ drive after drinking alcohol. A. wouldn't B. needn't C. won't D. mustn't 29. Only with the greatest ofluck _ to escape from the rising flood waters. A. managed she B. she managed C. did she manage D. she did manage 30. - I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car. -I know. By next month, he _ enough for a used one. A. will have saved B. will be saving C. has saved D. saves 31. When he took his gloves off, I noticed thatone had his name written inside. A. each B. every C. other D. another the airlines lower ticket prices. 32. I have a tight budget for the trip, so I'm not going to fly _ A. once B.if C. after D. unless 33. When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _ the right things to say. A. thinking of B. to think of C. thought of D. think of . 34. There is much truth in the idea _ kindness is usually served by frankness. A. why B. which C. that D. whether 35. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from _ _ you received gifts? A. which B. them C.that D. whom 36. The club, _ _ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members. A. founded B. founding C. being founded D. to be founded _ _she saved the firm? 37. - Was it by cutting down staff - No, it was by improving work efficiency. A.when B.what C.how D.that 38. - We've only got this small bookcase. Will that do? - No, _ _ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger. A. who B. that C. what D. which 39. "Genius" is a complicated concept, _ _ many different factors. A.involved B.involving , C.toinvolve D.beinginvolved40. The map is one of the best tools a man has _ _ he goes to a new place. A. whenever B. whatever C. wherever D. however Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word canonly be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. maintained B. serious C. indications D. figures E. anxious F. concern G crisis H. decided I. available J. reversed Filmgoers should be told how many calories there are in the popcorn, ice cream and soft drinks that they buy in cinemas, according to the Food Standard Agency. Smaller popcorn buckets and drink cups should also be made 41 , the nutrition inspector said. Tim Smith, chief executive of the agency, told The 77mes that cinemas should help to deal with the country's overweight 42 . "There "There is is is a a a misbelief misbelief misbelief that that that popcorn popcorn popcorn is is is calorie-free, calorie-free, calorie-free, but but but that that that is is is not not not the the the case. case. case. It It It is is is a a 43 to us," he said. "Portion sizes are also a big issue, and there seems to be increasingly big packs on sale." He spoke as a number of food chains such as Pret A Manger, Wimpey and The Real Greek 44 to put calorie counts on all their menus. A trial scheme （试行方案） with 21 food companies took place last summer, and 45are that consumers altered their buying habits when they realised the number of calories in aproduct. A consultation(征询意见) ) on on on the the the trial trial trial ends ends ends next next next month month month but but but Mr Smith Mr Smith is is already already already planningthe planningthe second second drive for drive for American-style American-style calorie calorie calorie counts counts counts and and and is is 46 to win support f rom cinemasand from cinemasand other entertainment places, from football grounds to concert halls. Government 47 suggest that two thirds of adults and a third of children are overweight.If trends are not 48 , this could rise to almost nine in ten adults and two thirds of children by2050, putting them at 49 risk of heart disease, cancer and other diseases. III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fillin each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another 50 , subway riders in New Y ork saw a man carrying a stick stumble （绊（绊 脚）脚） and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his 51 ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely t0 52 aid aid if his face if his face wasspotless wasspotless than than than if if if he he he had had had an an an unattractive unattractive unattractive birthmark. birthmark. birthmark. In In 53 these these and and and other other other research research findings,two themes are 54 : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and peoplewe think _ 55 _ assistance. In some situations, t hose who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid.56 those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid.56 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in atelephone box at the airport. airport. The The The application application application was was was ready ready ready to to to be be 57 , , but but but had had had apparently apparently apparently been"lost" been"lost" been"lost" . . . The The The photo photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very 58 person andsometimes that of a less less attractive attractive attractive person. person. person. The The The measure measure measure of of of helping helping helping was was was whether the whether the individualwho found the the envelope envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to59 the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive. The degree of _ 60 between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than aforeigner. In In one one one study, study, study, shoppers shoppers shoppers on on on a a a busy busy busy street street street in in in Scotland Scotland Scotland were were were more more more likely likely likely to to to help help help a a personwearing personwearing a(n) a(n) 61 T-shirt T-shirt than than than a a a person person person wearing wearing wearing a a a T-shirt T-shirt T-shirt printed printed printed with with with offensive offensive words. Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case. For example,shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone . 62 _ to buy milk rather than tobuy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for 63 than cookies.Passengers on a New Y ork subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if heappeared to be 64 rather than drunk. 50. A.study B.way C.word D.college51. A. hand B. arm C. face D. back 52. A.refuse B.beg C.lose D.receive 53. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing54. A.important B. possible C. amusing D. missing 55. A.seek B.deserve C.obtain D.accept 56. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example 57. A.printed B.mailed C.rewritten D.signed 58. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working 59. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down 60. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact 61. A.expensive B.plain C.cheap D.strange 62. A.time B.instructions C.money D.chances 63. A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health 64. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sick Section BDirections: Read the the following following three passages. Each passage is followed by by several several questionsor questionsor unfinished unfinished unfinished statements. statements. For For each each each of of of them them them there there there are are are four choices four choices marked marked A, A, A, B, B, B, C C C and and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A)Phil White has just returned from an 18,OOO-mile, around-the-world bicycle trip. White had two reasons for making this epic journey. First of all, he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he he did. did. did. He He He raised ~70,000 raised ~70,000 for for the the the British British British charity, charity, charity, Oxfam. Oxfam. Oxfam. White's White's White's second second second reasonfor reasonfor making making the the the trip trip trip was to was to break break the world the world record record and and and become become become the the the fastest fastest fastest person person person to cycle to cycle aroundthe world. He is still waiting to find out if he has broken the record or not. White set off from Trafalgar Square, in London, on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 dayslater. He spent more than l,300 hours in the saddle （车座）（车座） and destroyed four sets of tyres andthree bike chains. He had the adventure of his life crossing Europe, the Middle East, India, Asia,Australia, New Zealand Zealand and and and the the the Americas. Americas. Americas. Amazingly, Amazingly, Amazingly, he he he did did did all all all of of of this with this with absolutely absolutely nosupport nosupport nosupport team. team. team. No No No jeep jeep carrying food, water and medicine. No doctor. Nothing! Just a bike and avery, very long road. The journey journey was was lonely and desperate at times. He also had to to fight fight his his way way across deserts,through jungles and over mountains. He cycled through heavy rains and temperatures of up t0 t0 45degrees, 45degrees, 45degrees, all all all to to to help help help people people people in in in need. need. need. There There There were were were other other other dangers dangers dangers along along along the the the road. road. road. In In In Iran, Iran, Iran, he he waschased waschased by by by armed armed armed robbers robbers robbers and was and was lucky lucky to to to escape escape escape with with with his his his life life life and and and the the the little little little money money money he he he had. had. Theworst Theworst thing thing thing that that that happened happened happened to to to him him him was was was having having having to cycle to cycle into into a a a headwind headwind headwind on on on a a a road that crosses road that crosses thesouth of Australia. For l,000 kilometres he battled against the wind that was was constantly constantly pushinghim. This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end. Now Mr.White is back and intends to write a book about his adventures. 65. When Phil White returned from his trip, he _. A. broke the world record B. collected money for Oxfam C. destroyed several bikes D. travelled about l,300 hours 66. What does the word "epic" in Paragraph l most probably mean? A. V ery slow but exciting. B. Very long and difficult. C. V ery smooth but tiring. D. Very lonely and depressing. 67. During his journey around the world, Phil White _ . A. fought heroically against robbers in Iran B. experienced the extremes of heat and cold C. managed to ride against the wind in Australia D. had a team of people who travelled with him 68. Which of the following words can best describe Phil White? A. Imaginative. B. Patriotic. C. Modest. D. Determined. (B) The value-packed, all-inc lusive sight-seeing package that combines the best of Sydney's harbour, city, bay and beach highlights. A SydneyPass gives you unlimited and flexible travel on the Explorer Buses: the 'red' Sydney Explorer Explorer shows shows shows you you you around around around our our our exciting exciting exciting city city city sights wlrile sights wlrile the the 'blue' 'blue' 'blue' Bondi Bondi Bondi Explorervisits Explorervisits Explorervisits Sydney Sydney Harbour Harbour bays bays bays and and and famous famous famous beaches. beaches. beaches. Take Take Take to to to the the the water water water on on on one one one of of of threemagnificent threemagnificent threemagnificent daily daily daily harbour harbour cru/ses(游船). Y ou can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses,Sydney Ferries or CityRail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of thisbeautiful city. Imagine browsing at Darling Harbour, sampling the famous seafood at Watsons Bay orenjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise. The possibilities and plans are endlesswith a SydneyPass. Wherever you decide to go, remember that bookings are not requiredon any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in, first seated basis. SydneyPasses are avai-lable for 3, 5 0r 7 days for use over a 7 calendar day period. With a 3or 5 day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it. All SydneyPassesinclude a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3, 5 0r 7 days, and Lhe returntrip is valid (育效的) for 2 months from the first day your ticket was used. SydneyPass Fares *A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under ~6 ye rs. Children under 4 years travel free. **A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16years of age from the same family.69. A SydneyPass doesn7t offer unlimited rides on A. the Explorer Buses B. the harbour cruises C. regular Sydney Buses D. CityRail services 70. With a SydneyPass, a traveller can _. A. save fares from and to the airport B. take the Sydney Explorer to beaches C. enjoy the famous seafood for free D. reserve seats easily in a restaurant 71. If 5-day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague andher children, aged 3, 6 and 10, what would the lowest cost be? A. $225. B. $300. C. $360. D. $420. (C)Researchers Researchers in in in the the the psychology psychology psychology department department department at at at the the the University University University of of of California California California at at at Los Los Los Angeles Angeles (UCLA) (UCLA) have have have discovered discovered discovered a a a major major major difference difference difference in in in the the the way way way men men men and and and women women women respond respond respond to stress. to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders. Until Until now, now, now, psychological psychological psychological research research research has has has maintained maintained maintained that that that both both both men men men and and and women women women have have have the the the same same "fight-or-flight" reaction to stress. In other words, individuals eicher react with aggressive behavior, such such as as as verbal verbal verbal or or or physical physical physical conflict conflict conflict ("fight"), ("fight"), ("fight"), or or or they they they react react react by by by withdrawing withdrawing withdrawing from from from the the stressful situation situation ("flight"). ("flight"). ("flight"). However, However, However, the the the UCLA UCLA research research team team team found found found that that that men men men and and and women women women have have quite different different biological biological biological and and and behavioral behavioral behavioral responses responses responses to to to stress. stress. stress. While While While men men men often often often react react react to to to stress stress stress in in in the the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called "tend and befriend." befriend." That That That is, is, is, they they they often often often react react react to stressful conditions to stressful conditions b y by by protecting protecting protecting and and and nurturing nurturing nurturing their their their young young ("tend"), ("tend"), and and and by by by looking looking looking for for for social social social contact contact contact and and and support support support from from from others others others - - - especially especially especially other other other females females《'befriend"). Scientists Scientists have have have long long long known that known that in in the fight-or- the fight-or- flight flight reaction reaction reaction to to to stress, stress, stress, an an an important role important role is played by certain hormones(澈素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests thatthe female female tend-or-befriend tend-or-befriend tend-or-befriend response response response is is is also also also based based based on on on a a a hormone. hormone. hormone. This This This hormone, called hormone, called oxytocin,has been studied in the context of cFuldbirt.h, but now it is being studied for its role in theresponse of both both men men men and and and women women women to to to stress. stress. stress. The The The principal principal principal investigator, investigator, investigator, Dr. Dr. Dr. Shelley Shelley Shelley E. E. E. Taylor,explained Taylor,explained that "animals "animals and and and people people people with with with high high high levels levels levels of of of oxytocin oxytocin oxytocin are calmer, are calmer, more more relaxed, relaxed, relaxed, more more more social, social, social, and and and less less anxious." While men also secrete 【分泌）【分泌） oxytocin, its effects are reduced by malehormones. In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far. more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost. The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their their family family family after after after a a a stressful stressful stressful day day day at work. The at work. The t ypical typical typical father wanted father wanted to to be be be left left left alone alone alone toenjoy toenjoy toenjoy some some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusingher attention on her children and their needs. The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lowerfrequency lowerfrequency of of of stress-related stress-related stress-related disorders disorders disorders such such such as as as high high high blood blood blood pressure pressure pressure or or or aggressive aggressive aggressive behavior. behavior. Thetend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect protect women women against against stress, stress, and this mayexplain why women on average live longer than men. 72. 72. The The The UCLA UCLA study study shows shows shows that that that in in in response response response to to to stress, stress, stress, men men men are are are more more more likely likely likely than than than women women to . A. turn to friends for help B. solve a conflict calmly C. find an escape from reality D. seek comfort from children 73. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage? A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do. B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women. C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin. D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men. 74. What can be learned from the passage? A. Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress. B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does. C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress. D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings. study was designed to confirm previous research findings. 75. Which of the following might be the best ti.tle of the passage? A. How men and women get over stress B. How men and women suffer from stress C. How researchers overcome stress problems D. How researchers handle stress-related disorders Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need. A. When a child should learn to read B. Why it is fun to teach a child reading C. What if a child has reading problems D. How you prepare a young child for reading E. What is the best way to teach a child reading F. Whether reading early promises later achievements 76.Learning to read early has become one of those indicators - in parents' minds at least – that their child child is is is smart. smart. smart. In In In fact, fact, fact, reading reading reading early early early has has has very very very little little little to to to do do do with with with whether whether whether a a a child child child is is is successful successful academically. Research has shown that difficulty with reading is often due not to inferior intelligence but but to to to differences differences differences in in in the the the developmental developmental developmental wiring wiring wiring of of of each each each individual individual individual child. child. child. In In In some cases, some cases, there there are are neurological problems and developmental lags that can be overcome with proper training. 77. Traditionally, American American schools schools schools teach teach teach children children children at at at age age age six, six, six, but but but many many many schools schools schools begin begin begin teaching teaching informally in kindergarten and pre-kindergarten. If parents start too early to encourage reading,and a child does not immediately succeed, the parent has a hard time relaxing and letting the child go at his or her own pace. 78. Over the years, research has proved that the use of both the e&whole language" method and the "phonic" "phonic" method method method works works works best best best for for for a child a child to to master master master reading. reading. reading. While While While the the the whole whole whole language language language approach, approach, which includes reading to children and getting them interested in both the activity of reading and the story they are reading, is helpful, phonics must be taught. Children must be taught that one of the squiggles they see is a "p" and another a "b". Getting the print off the page requires a different ability than being able to understand the meaning of what is written. 79. Y ou can start developing the skills needed in reading at a very young age without putting any pressure on children. Besides reading to them, parents can start "ear training" their child by playing thyme games. This develops the child's ability to recognize different sounds. In readingto children, parents also can point to words as they go, teaching the child that the funny lines onthe page are the words you are saying. All this should be a fun activity. 80. Once a child is in school, the learning of reading is inevitably more serious. For childrenwho have some kind of reading difficulty, you must get a professional diagnosis. While theteacher might say the child is merely disinterested but will get over it, disinterest or poorperformance in reading can stem from a number of things, some being very specific learningdisabilities that can be identified and worked on. But it is very tricky for parents to deal with theirown child's learning disabilities.Section DDirections : Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statementsin the fewest possible words. While contact between adolescents (between the ages of fifteen and nineteen) and theirpeers crd龄人) ) is is is a a a universal universal universal characteristic characteristic characteristic of of of all all all cultures, cultures, cultures, the the the nature nature nature and and and the the the degree degree degree of suchcontact of suchcontact vary vary a a great great deal. deal. deal. In In In American American American contemporary society, contemporary society, adolescents adolescents spend spend spend much more much more timewith timewith their their their peers peers than with younger children or adults. This pattern of age segregation(隔离) ) in in in American American American society society society did did did not not not become become become usual usual usual until until thebeginning thebeginning of of of the the the industrialized industrialized industrialized society. society. Changes Changes in in in the the the workplace workplace workplace separated separated separated children children children from from adults,with adults,with adults worHng adults worHng and children attending attending school. school. school. The The The dramatic dramatic dramatic increase increase increase of of of mothers mothers mothers in in in the the workplace workplace has has has further further further contributed contributed contributed to to to the the the reduction reduction reduction in in in the the the amount amount amount of of of time time time adolescents adolescents adolescents spend spend withadults. School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which resulted in age-segregatedschools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children.Finally, children.Finally, the the the changes changes changes in in in population population population are are are considered considered considered a a a factor factor factor that that that may may may have have have contributed contributed contributed to to theemergence theemergence of of of adolescent adolescent adolescent peer culture. peer culture. From From 1955 1955 1955 t0 t0 t0 1975, the 1975, the adolescent adolescent population population population increased increased 。
2012年上海高考英语（含答案）
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第1卷（共105分）I . Listening ComprehensionSection AAt the Directions：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A. At a library. B. At a hotel. C. At a bank. D. At an airport. 2. A. Relaxed. B. Annoyed. C. Worried. D. Satisfied 3. A. Doctor and patient.B. Shop owner and customer. C. Secretary and boss. D. Receptionist and guest. 4. A. He would have thrown $300 around. B. $300 is not enough for the concert. C. Sandy shouldn't have given that much. D. Dave must be mad with the money 5. A. She lives close to the man. B. She changes her mind at last. C. She will turn to her manager. D. She declines the man's offer. 6．A.2B.3．C.4．D．5 7. A. Both of them drink too much coffee. B. The woman doesn't Like coffee at all. C. They help each other stop drinking coffee. D. The man is uninterested in the woman's story 8. A. He doesn't. mind helping the woman. B. He hesitates whether to help or not. C. He'll help if the woman doesn't mind D. He can't help move the cupboard. 9. A. He's planning to find a new job. B. He prefers to keep his house in a mess. C. He's too busy to clean his house D. He has already cleaned his new house,10. A. She doesn't agree with the man. B. She is good at fmding a place to stay. C. She could hardly find the truth. D. She had no travel expei/ence in Britain. - 1 - Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked threequestions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will bespoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper anddecide which one w ould be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage 11. A. Use the company's equipment. B. Give orders to robots C. Make decisions for the company. D. Act as Big Brother. 12. A. Employees gain full freedom. B. Employees suspect one another.C. Employees' children are happy. D. Employees enjoy working there. 13. A. Reward. B. Safety. C. Trust. D. Honesty Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage 14. A. Canada had a smaller population. B. Land was cheaper in Canada. C. They wanted to continue the Revolution. D. They were against Britain. 15. A. They standardized Canadian English. B. They settled there after the Revolution. C. They enjoy a very high social position. D. They make up a small part of the population 16. A. It is considered unique to some extent. B. It is greatly influenced by French. C. It is mainly linked to British culture. D. It dates back to the late 17th century. Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will beread twice. twice. After After After you you you hear hear hear each conversation, each conversation, you you are required are required to to fill fill fill in in in the the the numbered numbered numbered blankswith blankswith blankswith the the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet. Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer. Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation. Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C andD. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. 25. passion, people won't have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking.A.For . B.Without C.Beneath D.By26. Is honesty the best policy? We _ that it is when we are little.A. will teach B. teach C. are taught D. will be taught 27. As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn't allowedinto the sports club. A. going B. to go C. go D. gone 28. The new law states that people _ drive after drinking alcohol. A. wouldn't B. needn't C. won't D. mustn't 29. Only with the greatest ofluck _ to escape from the rising flood waters. A. managed she B. she managed C. did she manage D. she did manage 30. - I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car. -I know. By next month, he _ enough for a used one. A. will have saved B. will be saving C. has saved D. saves 31. When he took his gloves off, I noticed thatone had his name written inside. A. each B. every C. other D. another the airlines lower ticket prices. 32. I have a tight budget for the trip, so I'm not going to fly _ A. once B.if C. after D. unless 33. When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _ the right things to say. A. thinking of B. to think of C. thought of D. think of . 34. There is much truth in the idea _ kindness is usually served by frankness. A. why B. which C. that D. whether 35. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from _ _ you received gifts? A. which B. them C.that D. whom 36. The club, _ _ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members. A. founded B. founding C. being founded D. to be founded _ _she saved the firm? 37. - Was it by cutting down staff - No, it was by improving work efficiency. A.when B.what C.how D.that 38. - We've only got this small bookcase. Will that do? - No, _ _ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger. A. who B. that C. what D. which 39. "Genius" is a complicated concept, _ _ many different factors. A.involved B.involving , C.toinvolve D.beinginvolved40. The map is one of the best tools a man has _ _ he goes to a new place. A. whenever B. whatever C. wherever D. however Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word canonly be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. maintained B. serious C. indications D. figures E. anxious F. concern G crisis H. decided I. available J. reversed Filmgoers should be told how many calories there are in the popcorn, ice cream and soft drinks that they buy in cinemas, according to the Food Standard Agency. Smaller popcorn buckets and drink cups should also be made 41 , the nutrition inspector said. Tim Smith, chief executive of the agency, told The 77mes that cinemas should help to deal with the country's overweight 42 . "There "There is is is a a a misbelief misbelief misbelief that that that popcorn popcorn popcorn is is is calorie-free, calorie-free, calorie-free, but but but that that that is is is not not not the the the case. case. case. It It It is is is a a 43 to us," he said. "Portion sizes are also a big issue, and there seems to be increasingly big packs on sale." He spoke as a number of food chains such as Pret A Manger, Wimpey and The Real Greek 44 to put calorie counts on all their menus. A trial scheme （试行方案） with 21 food companies took place last summer, and 45are that consumers altered their buying habits when they realised the number of calories in aproduct. A consultation(征询意见) ) on on on the the the trial trial trial ends ends ends next next next month month month but but but Mr Smith Mr Smith is is already already already planningthe planningthe second second drive for drive for American-style American-style calorie calorie calorie counts counts counts and and and is is 46 to win support f rom cinemasand from cinemasand other entertainment places, from football grounds to concert halls. Government 47 suggest that two thirds of adults and a third of children are overweight.If trends are not 48 , this could rise to almost nine in ten adults and two thirds of children by2050, putting them at 49 risk of heart disease, cancer and other diseases. III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fillin each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another 50 , subway riders in New Y ork saw a man carrying a stick stumble （绊（绊 脚）脚） and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his 51 ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely t0 52 aid aid if his face if his face wasspotless wasspotless than than than if if if he he he had had had an an an unattractive unattractive unattractive birthmark. birthmark. birthmark. In In 53 these these and and and other other other research research findings,two themes are 54 : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and peoplewe think _ 55 _ assistance. In some situations, t hose who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid.56 those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid.56 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in atelephone box at the airport. airport. The The The application application application was was was ready ready ready to to to be be 57 , , but but but had had had apparently apparently apparently been"lost" been"lost" been"lost" . . . The The The photo photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very 58 person andsometimes that of a less less attractive attractive attractive person. person. person. The The The measure measure measure of of of helping helping helping was was was whether the whether the individualwho found the the envelope envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to59 the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive. The degree of _ 60 between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than aforeigner. In In one one one study, study, study, shoppers shoppers shoppers on on on a a a busy busy busy street street street in in in Scotland Scotland Scotland were were were more more more likely likely likely to to to help help help a a personwearing personwearing a(n) a(n) 61 T-shirt T-shirt than than than a a a person person person wearing wearing wearing a a a T-shirt T-shirt T-shirt printed printed printed with with with offensive offensive words. Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case. For example,shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone . 62 _ to buy milk rather than tobuy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for 63 than cookies.Passengers on a New Y ork subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if heappeared to be 64 rather than drunk. 50. A.study B.way C.word D.college51. A. hand B. arm C. face D. back 52. A.refuse B.beg C.lose D.receive 53. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing54. A.important B. possible C. amusing D. missing 55. A.seek B.deserve C.obtain D.accept 56. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example 57. A.printed B.mailed C.rewritten D.signed 58. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working 59. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down 60. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact 61. A.expensive B.plain C.cheap D.strange 62. A.time B.instructions C.money D.chances 63. A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health 64. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sick Section BDirections: Read the the following following three passages. Each passage is followed by by several several questionsor questionsor unfinished unfinished unfinished statements. statements. For For each each each of of of them them them there there there are are are four choices four choices marked marked A, A, A, B, B, B, C C C and and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A)Phil White has just returned from an 18,OOO-mile, around-the-world bicycle trip. White had two reasons for making this epic journey. First of all, he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he he did. did. did. He He He raised ~70,000 raised ~70,000 for for the the the British British British charity, charity, charity, Oxfam. Oxfam. Oxfam. White's White's White's second second second reasonfor reasonfor making making the the the trip trip trip was to was to break break the world the world record record and and and become become become the the the fastest fastest fastest person person person to cycle to cycle aroundthe world. He is still waiting to find out if he has broken the record or not. White set off from Trafalgar Square, in London, on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 dayslater. He spent more than l,300 hours in the saddle （车座）（车座） and destroyed four sets of tyres andthree bike chains. He had the adventure of his life crossing Europe, the Middle East, India, Asia,Australia, New Zealand Zealand and and and the the the Americas. Americas. Americas. Amazingly, Amazingly, Amazingly, he he he did did did all all all of of of this with this with absolutely absolutely nosupport nosupport nosupport team. team. team. No No No jeep jeep carrying food, water and medicine. No doctor. Nothing! Just a bike and avery, very long road. The journey journey was was lonely and desperate at times. He also had to to fight fight his his way way across deserts,through jungles and over mountains. He cycled through heavy rains and temperatures of up t0 t0 45degrees, 45degrees, 45degrees, all all all to to to help help help people people people in in in need. need. need. There There There were were were other other other dangers dangers dangers along along along the the the road. road. road. In In In Iran, Iran, Iran, he he waschased waschased by by by armed armed armed robbers robbers robbers and was and was lucky lucky to to to escape escape escape with with with his his his life life life and and and the the the little little little money money money he he he had. had. Theworst Theworst thing thing thing that that that happened happened happened to to to him him him was was was having having having to cycle to cycle into into a a a headwind headwind headwind on on on a a a road that crosses road that crosses thesouth of Australia. For l,000 kilometres he battled against the wind that was was constantly constantly pushinghim. This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end. Now Mr.White is back and intends to write a book about his adventures. 65. When Phil White returned from his trip, he _. A. broke the world record B. collected money for Oxfam C. destroyed several bikes D. travelled about l,300 hours 66. What does the word "epic" in Paragraph l most probably mean? A. V ery slow but exciting. B. Very long and difficult. C. V ery smooth but tiring. D. Very lonely and depressing. 67. During his journey around the world, Phil White _ . A. fought heroically against robbers in Iran B. experienced the extremes of heat and cold C. managed to ride against the wind in Australia D. had a team of people who travelled with him 68. Which of the following words can best describe Phil White? A. Imaginative. B. Patriotic. C. Modest. D. Determined. (B) The value-packed, all-inc lusive sight-seeing package that combines the best of Sydney's harbour, city, bay and beach highlights. A SydneyPass gives you unlimited and flexible travel on the Explorer Buses: the 'red' Sydney Explorer Explorer shows shows shows you you you around around around our our our exciting exciting exciting city city city sights wlrile sights wlrile the the 'blue' 'blue' 'blue' Bondi Bondi Bondi Explorervisits Explorervisits Explorervisits Sydney Sydney Harbour Harbour bays bays bays and and and famous famous famous beaches. beaches. beaches. Take Take Take to to to the the the water water water on on on one one one of of of threemagnificent threemagnificent threemagnificent daily daily daily harbour harbour cru/ses(游船). Y ou can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses,Sydney Ferries or CityRail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of thisbeautiful city. Imagine browsing at Darling Harbour, sampling the famous seafood at Watsons Bay orenjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise. The possibilities and plans are endlesswith a SydneyPass. Wherever you decide to go, remember that bookings are not requiredon any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in, first seated basis. SydneyPasses are avai-lable for 3, 5 0r 7 days for use over a 7 calendar day period. With a 3or 5 day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it. All SydneyPassesinclude a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3, 5 0r 7 days, and Lhe returntrip is valid (育效的) for 2 months from the first day your ticket was used. SydneyPass Fares *A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under ~6 ye rs. Children under 4 years travel free. **A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16years of age from the same family.69. A SydneyPass doesn7t offer unlimited rides on A. the Explorer Buses B. the harbour cruises C. regular Sydney Buses D. CityRail services 70. With a SydneyPass, a traveller can _. A. save fares from and to the airport B. take the Sydney Explorer to beaches C. enjoy the famous seafood for free D. reserve seats easily in a restaurant 71. If 5-day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague andher children, aged 3, 6 and 10, what would the lowest cost be? A. $225. B. $300. C. $360. D. $420. (C)Researchers Researchers in in in the the the psychology psychology psychology department department department at at at the the the University University University of of of California California California at at at Los Los Los Angeles Angeles (UCLA) (UCLA) have have have discovered discovered discovered a a a major major major difference difference difference in in in the the the way way way men men men and and and women women women respond respond respond to stress. to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders. Until Until now, now, now, psychological psychological psychological research research research has has has maintained maintained maintained that that that both both both men men men and and and women women women have have have the the the same same "fight-or-flight" reaction to stress. In other words, individuals eicher react with aggressive behavior, such such as as as verbal verbal verbal or or or physical physical physical conflict conflict conflict ("fight"), ("fight"), ("fight"), or or or they they they react react react by by by withdrawing withdrawing withdrawing from from from the the stressful situation situation ("flight"). ("flight"). ("flight"). However, However, However, the the the UCLA UCLA research research team team team found found found that that that men men men and and and women women women have have quite different different biological biological biological and and and behavioral behavioral behavioral responses responses responses to to to stress. stress. stress. While While While men men men often often often react react react to to to stress stress stress in in in the the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called "tend and befriend." befriend." That That That is, is, is, they they they often often often react react react to stressful conditions to stressful conditions b y by by protecting protecting protecting and and and nurturing nurturing nurturing their their their young young ("tend"), ("tend"), and and and by by by looking looking looking for for for social social social contact contact contact and and and support support support from from from others others others - - - especially especially especially other other other females females《'befriend"). Scientists Scientists have have have long long long known that known that in in the fight-or- the fight-or- flight flight reaction reaction reaction to to to stress, stress, stress, an an an important role important role is played by certain hormones(澈素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests thatthe female female tend-or-befriend tend-or-befriend tend-or-befriend response response response is is is also also also based based based on on on a a a hormone. hormone. hormone. This This This hormone, called hormone, called oxytocin,has been studied in the context of cFuldbirt.h, but now it is being studied for its role in theresponse of both both men men men and and and women women women to to to stress. stress. stress. The The The principal principal principal investigator, investigator, investigator, Dr. Dr. Dr. Shelley Shelley Shelley E. E. E. Taylor,explained Taylor,explained that "animals "animals and and and people people people with with with high high high levels levels levels of of of oxytocin oxytocin oxytocin are calmer, are calmer, more more relaxed, relaxed, relaxed, more more more social, social, social, and and and less less anxious." While men also secrete 【分泌）【分泌） oxytocin, its effects are reduced by malehormones. In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far. more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost. The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their their family family family after after after a a a stressful stressful stressful day day day at work. The at work. The t ypical typical typical father wanted father wanted to to be be be left left left alone alone alone toenjoy toenjoy toenjoy some some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusingher attention on her children and their needs. The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lowerfrequency lowerfrequency of of of stress-related stress-related stress-related disorders disorders disorders such such such as as as high high high blood blood blood pressure pressure pressure or or or aggressive aggressive aggressive behavior. behavior. Thetend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect protect women women against against stress, stress, and this mayexplain why women on average live longer than men. 72. 72. The The The UCLA UCLA study study shows shows shows that that that in in in response response response to to to stress, stress, stress, men men men are are are more more more likely likely likely than than than women women to . A. turn to friends for help B. solve a conflict calmly C. find an escape from reality D. seek comfort from children 73. Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage? A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do. B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women. C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin. D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men. 74. What can be learned from the passage? A. Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress. B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does. C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress. D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings. study was designed to confirm previous research findings. 75. Which of the following might be the best ti.tle of the passage? A. How men and women get over stress B. How men and women suffer from stress C. How researchers overcome stress problems D. How researchers handle stress-related disorders Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph. There is one extra heading which you do not need. A. When a child should learn to read B. Why it is fun to teach a child reading C. What if a child has reading problems D. How you prepare a young child for reading E. What is the best way to teach a child reading F. Whether reading early promises later achievements 76.Learning to read early has become one of those indicators - in parents' minds at least – that their child child is is is smart. smart. smart. In In In fact, fact, fact, reading reading reading early early early has has has very very very little little little to to to do do do with with with whether whether whether a a a child child child is is is successful successful academically. Research has shown that difficulty with reading is often due not to inferior intelligence but but to to to differences differences differences in in in the the the developmental developmental developmental wiring wiring wiring of of of each each each individual individual individual child. child. child. In In In some cases, some cases, there there are are neurological problems and developmental lags that can be overcome with proper training. 77. Traditionally, American American schools schools schools teach teach teach children children children at at at age age age six, six, six, but but but many many many schools schools schools begin begin begin teaching teaching informally in kindergarten and pre-kindergarten. If parents start too early to encourage reading,and a child does not immediately succeed, the parent has a hard time relaxing and letting the child go at his or her own pace. 78. Over the years, research has proved that the use of both the e&whole language" method and the "phonic" "phonic" method method method works works works best best best for for for a child a child to to master master master reading. reading. reading. While While While the the the whole whole whole language language language approach, approach, which includes reading to children and getting them interested in both the activity of reading and the story they are reading, is helpful, phonics must be taught. Children must be taught that one of the squiggles they see is a "p" and another a "b". Getting the print off the page requires a different ability than being able to understand the meaning of what is written. 79. Y ou can start developing the skills needed in reading at a very young age without putting any pressure on children. Besides reading to them, parents can start "ear training" their child by playing thyme games. This develops the child's ability to recognize different sounds. In readingto children, parents also can point to words as they go, teaching the child that the funny lines onthe page are the words you are saying. All this should be a fun activity. 80. Once a child is in school, the learning of reading is inevitably more serious. For childrenwho have some kind of reading difficulty, you must get a professional diagnosis. While theteacher might say the child is merely disinterested but will get over it, disinterest or poorperformance in reading can stem from a number of things, some being very specific learningdisabilities that can be identified and worked on. But it is very tricky for parents to deal with theirown child's learning disabilities.Section DDirections : Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statementsin the fewest possible words. While contact between adolescents (between the ages of fifteen and nineteen) and theirpeers crd龄人) ) is is is a a a universal universal universal characteristic characteristic characteristic of of of all all all cultures, cultures, cultures, the the the nature nature nature and and and the the the degree degree degree of suchcontact of suchcontact vary vary a a great great deal. deal. deal. In In In American American American contemporary society, contemporary society, adolescents adolescents spend spend spend much more much more timewith timewith their their their peers peers than with younger children or adults. This pattern of age segregation(隔离) ) in in in American American American society society society did did did not not not become become become usual usual usual until until thebeginning thebeginning of of of the the the industrialized industrialized industrialized society. society. Changes Changes in in in the the the workplace workplace workplace separated separated separated children children children from from adults,with adults,with adults worHng adults worHng and children attending attending school. school. school. The The The dramatic dramatic dramatic increase increase increase of of of mothers mothers mothers in in in the the workplace workplace has has has further further further contributed contributed contributed to to to the the the reduction reduction reduction in in in the the the amount amount amount of of of time time time adolescents adolescents adolescents spend spend withadults. School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which resulted in age-segregatedschools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children.Finally, children.Finally, the the the changes changes changes in in in population population population are are are considered considered considered a a a factor factor factor that that that may may may have have have contributed contributed contributed to to theemergence theemergence of of of adolescent adolescent adolescent peer culture. peer culture. From From 1955 1955 1955 t0 t0 t0 1975, the 1975, the adolescent adolescent population population population increased increased 。
2012年上海高考英语卷及答案和听力文字
2012年上海市高考英语试卷第I卷(共105分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a library. B. At a hotel. C. At a bank. D. At an airport.2. A. Relaxed. B. Annoyed. C. Worried. D. Satisfied.3. A. Doctor and patient. B. Shop owner and customer.C. Secretary and boss.D. Receptionist and guest.4. A. He would have thrown $300 around. B. $300 is not enough for the concert.C. Sandy shouldn‟t have given that much.D. Dave must be mad with the money.5. A. She lives close to the man. B. She changes her mind at last.C. She will turn to her manager.D. She declines the man‟s offer.6. A. 2 B. 3. C. 4. D. 5.7. A. Both of them drink too much coffee. B. The woman doesn‟t like coffee at all.C. They help each other stop drinking coffee.D. The man is uninterested in the woman‟s story.8. A. He doesn‟t mind helping the woman. B. He hesitates whether to help or not.C. He‟ll help if the woman doesn‟t mind.D. He can‟t help move the cupboard.9. A. He‟s planning to find a new job. B. He prefers to keep his house in a mess.C. He‟s too busy to clean his house.D. He has already cleaned his new house.10. A. She doesn‟t agree with the man. B. She is good at finding a place to stay.C. She could hardly find the truth.D. She had no travel experience in Britain.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Use the company‟s equipment. B. Give orders to robots.C. Make decisions for the company.D. Act as Big Brother.12. A. Employees gain full freedom. B. Employees suspect one another.C. Employees‟ children are happy.D. Employees enjoy working there.13. A. Reward. B. Safety. C. Trust. D. Honesty.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Canada had a smaller population. B. Land was cheaper in Canada.C. They wanted to continue the Revolution.D. They were against Britain.15. A. They standardized Canadian English. B. They settled there after the Revolution.C. They enjoy a very high social position.D. They make up a small part of the population.16. A. It is considered unique to some extent. B. It is greatly influenced by French.C. It is mainly linked to British culture.D. It dates back to the late 17th century.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25.______ passion, people won‟t have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking.A. ForB. WithoutC. BeneathD. By26.Is honesty the best policy? We ______ that it is when we are little.A. will teachB. teachC. are taughtD. will be taught27.As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn‟t allowed ______ into the sports club.A. goingB. to goC. goD. gone28.The new law states that people ______ drive after drinking alcohol.A. wouldn‟tB. needn‟tC. won‟tD. mustn‟t29.Only with the greatest of luck ______ to escape from the rising flood waters.A. managed sheB. she managedC. did she manageD. she did manage30.—I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.—I know. By next month, he ______ enough for a used one.A. will have savedB. will be savingC. has savedD. saves31.When he took his gloves off, I noticed that ______ one had his name written inside.A. eachB. everyC. otherD. another32.I have a tight budget for the trip, so I‟m not going to fly ______ the airlines lower ticket prices.A. onceB. ifC. afterD. unless33.When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble ______ the right things to say.A. thinking ofB. to think ofC. thought ofD. think of34.There is much truth in the idea ______ kindness is usually served by frankness.A. whyB. whichC. thatD. whether35.Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from ______ you received gifts?A. whichB. themC. thatD. whom36.The club, ______ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.A. foundedB. foundingC. being foundedD. to be founded37.—Was it by cutting down staff ______ she saved the firm?—No, it was by improving work efficiency.A. whenB. whatC. howD. that38.—We‟ve only got this small bookcase. Will that do?—No, ______ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.A. whoB. thatC. whatD. which39.“Genius” is a complicated concept, ______ many different factors.A. involvedB. involvingC. to involveD. being involved40.The map is one of the best tools a man has ______ he goes to a new place.A. wheneverB. whateverC. whereverD. howeverSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be usedFilmgoers should be told how many calories there are in the popcorn, ice cream and soft drinks that they buy in cinemas, according to the Food Standard Agency.Smaller popcorn buckets and drink cups should also be made 41 , the nutrition inspector said.Tim Smith, chief executive of the agency, told The Times that cinemas should help to deal with the country‟s overweight 42 .“There is a misbelief that popcorn is calorie-free, but that is not the case. It is a 43 to us,” he said. “Portion sizes are also a big issue, and there seems to be increasingly big packs on sale.”He spoke as a number of food chains such as Pret A Manger, Wimpey and The Real Greek 44 to put calorie counts on all their menus.A trial scheme(试行方案) with 21 food companies took place last summer, and 45 are that consumers altered their buying habits when they realised the number of calories in a product.A consultation (征询意见) on the trial ends next month but Mr Smith is already planning the second drive for American-style calorie counts and is 46 to win support from cinemas and other entertainment places, from football grounds to concert halls.Government 47 suggest that two thirds of adults and a third of children are overweight. If trends are not 48 , this could rise to almost nine in ten adults and two thirds of children by 2050, putting them at 49 risk of heart disease, cancer and other diseases.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Filling in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were askedfor a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another 50 , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble(绊脚) and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his 51 ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to 52 aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In 53 these and other research findings, two themes are 54 : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think 55 assistance.In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. 56 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be 57 , but had apparently been “lost”. The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very 58 person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to 59 the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.The degree of 60 between the potential helper and the person in need is also important. For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) 61T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.Whether a person receives help depends in part on the “worth” of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone 62 to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for 63 than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be 64 rather than drunk.50.A. study B. way C. word D. college51.A. hand B. arm C. face D. back52.A. refuse B. beg C. lose D. receive53.A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing54.A. important B. possible C. amusing D. missing55.A. seek B. deserve C. obtain D. accept56.A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example57.A. printed B. mailed C. rewritten D. signed58.A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working59.A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down60.A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact61.A. expensive B. plain C. cheap D. strange62.A. time B. instructions C. money D. chances63.A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health64.A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sickSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Phil White has just returned from an 18,000-mile, around-the-world bicycle trip. White had two reasons for making this epic journey. First of all, he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he did. He raised￡70,000 for the British charity, Oxfam. White‟s second reason for making the tripwas to break the world record and become the fastest person to cycle around the world. He is still waiting to find out if he has broken the record or not.White set off from Trafalgar Square, in London, on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 days later. He spent more than l,300 hours in the saddle (车座) and destroyed four sets of tyres and three bike chains. He had the adventure of his life crossing Europe, the Middle East, India, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Americas. Amazingly, he did all of this with absolutely no support team. No jeep carrying food, water and medicine. No doctor. Nothing! Just a bike and a very, very long road.The journey was lonely and desperate at times. He also had to fight his way across deserts, through jungles and over mountains. He cycled through heavy rains and temperatures of up to 45 degrees, all to help people in need. There were other dangers along the road. In Iran, he was chased by armed robbers and was lucky to escape with his life and the little money he had. The worst thing that happened to him was having to cycle into a headwind on a road that crosses the south of Australia. For l,000 kilometres he battled against the wind that was constantly pushing him. This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end. Now Mr. White is back and intends to write a book about his adventures.65.When Phil White returned from his trip, he _______.A. broke the world recordB. collected money for OxfamC. destroyed several bikesD. travelled about l,300 hours66.What does the word “epic” in Paragraph l most probably mean?A. Very slow but exciting.B. Very long and difficult.C. Very smooth but tiring.D. Very lonely and depressing.67.During his journey around the world, Phil White _______. 65—68. BBCDA. fought heroically against robbers in IranB. experienced the extremes of heat and coldC. managed to ride against the wind in AustraliaD. had a team of people who travelled with him68.Which of the following words can best describe Phil White?A. Imaginative.B. Patriotic.C. Modest.D. Determined.(B)The value-packed, all-inclusivesight-seeing package thatcombines the best of Sydney’sharbour, city, bay and beachhighlights.A SydneyPass gives you unlimited and flexible travel on the Explorer Buses: the …red‟Sydney Explorer shows you around our exciting city sights while the …blue‟ Bondi Explorer visits Sydney Harbour bays and famous beaches. Take to the water on one of three magnificent daily harbour cruises (游船). You can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses, Sydney Ferries or CityRail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city.Imagine browsing at Darling Harbour, sampling the famous seafood at Watsons Bay or enjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise. The possibilities and plans are endless with a SydneyPass. Wherever you decide to go, remember that bookings are not required on any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in, first seated basis.SydneyPasses are available for 3, 5 or 7 days for use over a 7 calendar day period. With a 3 or 5 day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it. All SydneyPasses include a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3, 5 or 7 days, and the return trip is valid (育效的) for 2 months from the first day your ticket was used.*A child is defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under 16 years. Children under 4 years travel free.**A family is defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16 years of age from the same family.69.A SydneyPass doesn‟t offer unlimited rides on _______.A. the Explorer BusesB. the harbour cruisesC. regular Sydney BusesD. CityRail services70.With a SydneyPass, a traveller can _______.A. save fares from and to the airportB. take the Sydney Explorer to beachesC. enjoy the famous seafood for freeD. reserve seats easily in a restaurant71.If 5-day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague and her children,aged 3, 6 and 10, what would the lowest cost be?A. $225.B. $300.C. $360.D. $420.(C)Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same “fight-or-flight” reaction to stress. In other words, individuals either react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict (“fight”), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation (“flight”). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called “tend and befriend.”That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young (“tend”), and by looking for social contact and support from others—especially other females (…befriend”).Scientists have long known that in the fight-or-flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones(激素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that “animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious.” While men also secrete（分泌）oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency ofstress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriend regulatory(调节的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.72.The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to _______.A. turn to friends for helpB. solve a conflict calmlyC. find an escape from realityD. seek comfort from children73.Which of the following is true about oxytocin according to the passage?A. Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.B. Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.C. Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.D. Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men.74.What can be learned from the passage?A. Male hormones help build up the body‟s resistance to stress.B. In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.C. Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.D. The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.75.Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. How men and women get over stress.B. How men and women suffer from stress.C. How researchers overcome stress problems.D. How researchers handle stress-related disorders.Section CDirections: Read the following text and choose the most suitable heading from A-F for each paragraph.76.________ 76—80. FAEDCLearning to read early has become one of those indicators— in parents‟ minds at least— that their child is smart. In fact, reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically. Research has shown that difficulty with reading is often due not to inferior intelligence but to differences in the developmental wiring of each individual child. In some cases, there are neurological problems and developmental lags that can be overcome with proper training.77.________Traditionally, American schools teach children at age six, but many schools begin teaching informally in kindergarten and pre-kindergarten. If parents start too early to encourage reading, and a child does not immediately succeed, the parent has a hard time relaxing and letting the child go at his or her own pace. 78.________Over the years, research has proved that the use of both the “whole language”method and the “phonic”method works best for a child to master reading. While the whole language approach, which includes reading to children and getting them interested in both the activity of reading and the story they are reading, is helpful, phonics must be taught. Children must be taught that one of the squiggles they see is a “p”and another a “b”. Getting the print off the page requires a different ability than being able tounderstand the meaning of what is written.79.________You can start developing the skills needed in reading at a very young age without putting any pressure on children. Besides reading to them, parents can start “ear training” their child by playing rhyme games. This develops the child‟s ability to recognize different sounds. In reading to children, parents also can point to words as they go, teaching the child that the funny lines on the page are the words you are saying. All this should be a fun activity.80.________Once a child is in school, the learning of reading is inevitably more serious. For children who have some kind of reading difficulty, you must get a professional diagnosis. While the teacher might say the child is merely disinterested but will get over it, disinterest or poor performance in reading can stem from a number of things, some being very specific learning disabilities that can be identified and worked on. But it is very tricky for parents to deal with their own child‟s learning disabilities.Section DDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.While contact between adolescents (between the ages of fifteen and nineteen) and their peers (同龄人) is a universal characteristic of all cultures, the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal. In American contemporary society, adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.This pattern of age segregation (隔离) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the workplace separated children from adults, with adults working and children attending school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults. School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children. Finally, the changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture. From 1955 to 1975, the adolescent population increased dramatically, from 11 percent to 20.9 percent. This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size.Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents‟ daily activities and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity. In a typical week, high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence. In sixth grade, adults (excluding parents) account for only 25 percent of adolescent social networks. Another important characteristic of adolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous(白治的) function. While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents, adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so. (Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS. ) 81.“This pattern of age segregation”refers to the phenomenon that adolescents segregate themselvesfrom ______________________________________________________________________________.82.Besides changes in the workplace, _________________________________are the other two factors contributing to adolescent peer culture.83.When do adolescents start to spend less time with adults?84.How do adolescent peer groups differ from childhood peer groups?第II卷(共45分)I. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.她五年前开始拉小提琴。
2012上海高考英语试卷及答案.doc
2012年高考英语试题（上海卷）考生注意：1．考试时间120分钟，试卷满分150分。
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第1卷（共105分）I . Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections：In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. At a library. B. At a hotel. C. At a bank. D. At an airport.2. A. Relaxed. B. Annoyed. C. Worried. D. Satisfied3. A. Doctor and patient. B. Shop owner and customer.C. Secretary and boss.D. Receptionist and guest.4. A. He would have thrown $300 around. B. $300 is not enough for the concert.C. Sandy shouldn't have given that much.D. Dave must be mad with the money5. A. She lives close to the man. B. She changes her mind at last.C. She will turn to her manager.D. She declines the man's offer.6．A.2 B.3． C.4．D．57. A. Both of them drink too much coffee.B. The woman doesn't Like coffee at all.C. They help each other stop drinking coffee.D. The man is uninterested in the woman's story8. A. He doesn't. mind helping the woman.B. He hesitates whether to help or not.C. He'll help if the woman doesn't mindD. He can't help move the cupboard.9. A. He's planning to find a new job.B. He prefers to keep his house in a mess.C. He's too busy to clean his houseD. He has already cleaned his new house,10. A. She doesn't agree with the man.B. She is good at fmding a place to stay.C. She could hardly find the truth.D. She had no travel expei/ence in Britain.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage11. A. Use the company's equipment. B. Give orders to robotsC. Make decisions for the company.D. Act as Big Brother.12. A. Employees gain full freedom. B. Employees suspect one another.C. Employees' children are happy.D. Employees enjoy working there.13. A. Reward. B. Safety. C. Trust. D. HonestyQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage14. A. Canada had a smaller population. B. Land was cheaper in Canada.C. They wanted to continue the Revolution.D. They were against Britain.15. A. They standardized Canadian English.B. They settled there after the Revolution.C. They enjoy a very high social position.D. They make up a small part of the population16. A. It is considered unique to some extent. B. It is greatly influenced by French.C. It is mainly linked to British culture.D. It dates back to the late 17th century.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence.25. passion, people won't have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking.A.For .B.WithoutC.BeneathD.By26. Is honesty the best policy? We _ that it is when we are little.A. will teachB. teachC. are taughtD. will be taught27. As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn't allowed into the sports club.A. goingB. to goC. goD. gone28. The new law states that people _ drive after drinking alcohol.A. wouldn'tB. needn'tC. won'tD. mustn't29. Only with the greatest ofluck _ to escape from the rising flood waters.A. managed sheB. she managedC. did she manageD. she did manage30. - I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.-I know. By next month, he _ enough for a used one.A. will have savedB. will be savingC. has savedD. saves31. When he took his gloves off, I noticed that one had his name written inside.A. eachB. everyC. otherD. another32. I have a tight budget for the trip, so I'm not going to fly _ the airlines lower ticket prices.A. onceB.ifC. afterD. unless33. When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble _ the right things to say.A. thinking ofB. to think ofC. thought ofD. think of .34. There is much truth in the idea _ kindness is usually served by frankness.A. whyB. whichC. thatD. whether35. Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from _ _ you received gifts?A. whichB. themC.thatD. whom36. The club, _ _ 25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.A. foundedB. foundingC. being foundedD. to be founded37. - Was it by cutting down staff _ _she saved the firm?- No, it was by improving work efficiency.A.whenB.whatC.howD.that38. - We've only got this small bookcase. Will that do?- No, _ _ I am looking for is something much bigger and stronger.A. whoB. thatC. whatD. which39. "Genius" is a complicated concept, _ _ many different factors.A.involvedB.involving ,C.toinvolveD.beinginvolved40. The map is one of the best tools a man has _ _ he goes to a new place.A. wheneverB. whateverC. whereverD. howeverSection BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. maintainedB. seriousC. indicationsD. figuresE. anxiousF. concern G crisis H. decided I. available J. reversedFilmgoers should be told how many calories there are in the popcorn, ice cream and soft drinks that they buy in cinemas, according to the Food Standard Agency.Smaller popcorn buckets and drink cups should also be made 41 , the nutrition inspector said.Tim Smith, chief executive of the agency, told The 77mes that cinemas should help to deal with the country's overweight 42 ."There is a misbelief that popcorn is calorie-free, but that is not the case. It is a 43 to us," he said. "Portion sizes are also a big issue, and there seems to be increasingly big packs on sale."He spoke as a number of food chains such as Pret A Manger, Wimpey and The Real Greek44 to put calorie counts on all their menus.A trial scheme（试行方案）with 21 food companies took place last summer, and 45 are that consumers altered their buying habits when they realised the number of calories in a product.A consultation(征询意见) on the trial ends next month but Mr Smith is already planning the second drive for American-style calorie counts and is 46 to win support from cinemas and other entertainment places, from football grounds to concert halls.Government 47 suggest that two thirds of adults and a third of children are overweight. If trends are not 48 , this could rise to almost nine in ten adults and two thirds of children by 2050, putting them at 49 risk of heart disease, cancer and other diseases.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fillin each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another 50 , subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble（绊脚）and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his 51 ; sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely t0 52 aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In 53 these and other research findings,two themes are 54 : we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think _ 55 _ assistance.In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. 56 , in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be 57 , but had apparently been "lost" . The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very 58 person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to 59 the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.The degree of _ 60 between the potential helper and the person in need is also important.For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) 61 T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case. For example,shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone . 62 _ to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for 63 than cookies.Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be 64 rather than drunk.50. A.study B.way C.word D.college51. A. hand B. arm C. face D. back52. A.refuse B.beg C.lose D.receive53. A. challenging B. recording C. understanding D. publishing54. A.important B. possible C. amusing D. missing55. A.seek B.deserve C.obtain D.accept56. A. At first B. Above all C. In addition D. For example57. A.printed B.mailed C.rewritten D.signed58. A. talented B. good-looking C. helpful D. hard-working59. A. send in B. throw away C. fill out D. turn down60. A. similarity B. friendship C. cooperation D. contact61. A.expensive B.plain C.cheap D.strange62. A.time B.instructions C.money D.chances63. A. shoppers B. research C. children D. health64. A. talkative B. handsome C. calm D. sickSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Phil White has just returned from an 18,OOO-mile, around-the-world bicycle trip. White had two reasons for making this epic journey. First of all, he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he did. He raised ~70,000 for the British charity, Oxfam. White's second reason for making the trip was to break the world record and become the fastest person to cycle around the world. He is still waiting to find out if he has broken the record or not.White set off from Trafalgar Square, in London, on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 days later. He spent more than l,300 hours in the saddle（车座）and destroyed four sets of tyres and three bike chains. He had the adventure of his life crossing Europe, the Middle East, India, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Americas. Amazingly, he did all of this with absolutely no support team. No jeep carrying food, water and medicine. No doctor. Nothing! Just a bike and a very, very long road.The journey was lonely and desperate at times. He also had to fight his way across deserts, through jungles and over mountains. He cycled through heavy rains and temperatures of up t0 45 degrees, all to help people in need. There were other dangers along the road. In Iran, he was chased by armed robbers and was lucky to escape with his life and the little money he had. The worst thing that happened to him was having to cycle into a headwind on a road that crosses the south of Australia. For l,000 kilometres he battled against the wind that was constantly pushing him. This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end. Now Mr.White is back and intends to write a book about his adventures.65. When Phil White returned from his trip, he _.A. broke the world recordB. collected money for OxfamC. destroyed several bikesD. travelled about l,300 hours66. What does the word "epic" in Paragraph l most probably mean?A. Very slow but exciting.B. Very long and difficult.C. Very smooth but tiring.D. Very lonely and depressing.67. During his journey around the world, Phil White _ .A. fought heroically against robbers in IranB. experienced the extremes of heat and coldC. managed to ride against the wind in AustraliaD. had a team of people who travelled with him68. Which of the following words can best describe Phil White?A. Imaginative.B. Patriotic.C. Modest.D. Determined.(B)The value-packed, all-inclusivesight-seeing package thatcombines the best of Sydney'sharbour, city, bay and beachhighlights.A SydneyPass gives you unlimited and flexible travel on the Explorer Buses: the 'red' Sydney Explorer shows you around our exciting city sights wlrile the 'blue' Bondi Explorer visits Sydney Harbour bays and famous beaches. Take to the water on one of three magnificent daily harbour。
上海各区2012届高三英语一模试题分类汇编-选标题.
上海各区2012届高三英语一模试题分类汇编:选标题汇编(宝山A. Our space is beautiful but dangerous.B. There are different ways to deal with space garbage.C. NASA has come up with new plans for space junk.D. Space garbage sometimes hits spaceships.E. Small objects also lead to dangers in the space.F. Space garbage comes from satellites and rockets.Our space is beautiful. Looking out of the window of a space shuttle, you can see the stars more clearly than you can from Earth. It’s thrilling view. However, what’s out there can be dangerous too. And the dangerous things are often too small to see.Above Earth, where space shuttles orbit, there are thousands of chunks of space garbage. They are flying as spaceships, at about 17,000 miles per hour. Sometimes they hit spaceships. On one flight of the shuttle Columbia, the ship was hit 106 times. Most of those hits were not caused by rocks. They were caused by pieces of space garbage.What kinds of objects are floating in space today? Some are satellites that are no longer working. Others are pieces of rockets that exploded. The first explosion of a rocket in space took place in 1961. Since then, many others have occurred. An exploding rocket can send out hundreds of bits of metal.Space garbage also results from everyday even ts. Let’s say an astronaut walks outside a shuttle, taking pictures. What if he drops the camera lens cap? It becomes a piece of orbiting junk. A flying bolt may not sound like much. If it’s flying ten times as fast as a bullet, though, it can be pretty scary. Some space trash burns up by falling toward Earth. If it’s high up in space, though, it won’t fall to Earth. It will stay in orbit.What can be done about space trash? This may be one of the most important questions now facing NASA. One answer is to keep track of it. Radar can track a piece of space junk as small as a softball. Before launching a flight, NASA makes sure no other ships or satellites will be in the way. They could also make sure no large pieces of space junk were in the flight’s p at h. But what about smaller things? What about a piece of metal as small as a pebble? One solution is to invent armor for spaceships. Another is to leave less garbage up there.76—80 ADFEB76.Home is a place where one feels safe and secure but unfortunately, it is also the place where you may have serious accidents. The biggest single cause of accidents is human error! So you must take care of yourself!77.The design of houses can cause accidents. Balconies, fireplaces, staircases, ponds, glass doors or open-plan kitchens can all increase the risk of accidents. Hot water, household chemicals, fireplaces, matches, alcohol and sharp objects are also potential dangers. Loosing balance, clumsiness and being tired or careless can be the reasons for these accid ents. What’s more, if you are under stress or when a routine is changed, you may also be under the risk of home accidents.78.You can see many dangerous home accidents happening around you. The most common ones are slips, falls and collisions. They are not fatal but often result in broken bones. The second most common types of accidents are burns, swallowed objects or breathed in chemicals. They especially affect children and need hospital attendance. Some other possible dangers at home are poisoning, choking, drowning, electric shocks, and animal bites. Some of these accidents may even result in death.79.Sometimes the simplest precaution protects you from the greatest harm! Therefore, it is important that we should educate people. The Ministry of Health can train professionals to educate nursing staff, ordinary people, voluntary workers, teachers, nursery staff and parents in home accident prevention and control. When people know first aid, they can reduce the risk of serious injuries.80.You must take measures to make your home a safer place. For instance, keep knives and other sharp objects in a safe drawer. Wipe up any liquids on the floor immediately in order not to slip or fall. Keep hot objects away from the reach of children. You also mustn’t leave children unattended near a bath that has water in it. If you keep furniture away from windows, you may prevent possible harm. Store all medicines, householdchemicals, and so on, preferably in a locked box and do not forget to keep all dangerous substances in their original containers. In brief, if you want to protect yourself, be careful not to be sorry!76. F 77. D 78. A 79. E 80. B76.Last Tuesday, I came home from school hot, tired, and starving. I had been through a very tiring day, and all I wanted to do was eat. I opened the refrigerator door and searched for something eatable. Luckily, I chanced to find a piece of leftover pizza from the night before. I put it onto a plate and popped it into my microwave oven. Presto! In less than two minutes, my pizza slice was ready for me to bite into. This modern-day invention, the microwave oven, should be considered one of the ―wonders of theworld ‖because it is unbeatable as a food, money, and time saver.77.As a food saver, a microwave oven is definitely hard to beat. Almost any kind of leftover can be reheated in this type of oven, and used properly there is no worry of the food drying out. For example, spaghetti is a mess to try to reheat on top of the stove. It dries out terribly and will stick to the bottom and sides of a saucepan. The spaghetti will also scorch(烧焦 easily if one is not careful. But with a microwave oven, this is a different story with a happier ending. The spaghetti will remain saucy, will not stick, and will not78.Another ―wonder ‖about the microwave oven is the money that it saves. Leftovers that would normally be thrown out can be saved and reheated. This saves food; thus, it saves money. Also, these ovens are faster; therefore, they are electricity. In these days79.Best of all, however, is the time that a microwave oven can save. As a general rule, microwave cooking takes one-third the time that a conventional oven does. Imagine what a delight this would be after a tiring day at work, school, or, better yet, shopping! For instance, to bake a medium-sized potato takes only eight to ten minutes in a microwave oven. So in the time it would take to fry up a hamburger, one could have a hot baked potato to go with it. In addition to speedy cooking, a microwave is wonderful for defrosting (解冻 meat. On low power this oven can defrost any kind of meat in less than fifteen80.Indeed, microwave ovens should be considered one of the modern wonders of the world. I know that it was a wonder for me last Tuesday. That slice of day-old pizza made me feel like a new man!76—80 ACEFBFive Happiness Secrets For Tough TimesSonja Lyubomirsky, an author, has researched the science of happiness for years. Here are her tips to help you cope with a bad economy, and increase your bursts of happiness throughout the day.76. ________________―You could spend a lot of time thinking deeply ,‖ says Lyubomirsky. ―But that just makes you feel even more pessimistic, more out of control, and affects your self esteem. Your relationships will su ffe r and your job performance will suffer.‖Get rid of pessimism. One of the most effective ways to cope when things are difficult is to adopt a positive thinking strategy. ―What can I learn from this? Times are tough, I’ve been furloughed at work, but I can spend more time with the kids, adopt a new hobby, or learn a new set of skills.‖77. ________________Now more than ever we need each other to survive. Lyubomirsky found that doing good things for friends, family, or strangers can make you happier. Think of practical, everyday gestures that can make someone’s life a little bit easier. For example, Lyubomirsky says, ―Maybe now many of us can’t afford to take a cab to the airport, so offer to give a friend a ride.‖78. ________________You don’t need an ex pe rt to tell you that relationships are critical to happiness. Not being the bread-winner anymore or not being able to fulfill your kid’s needs can weigh down hard on your family life. But the trick is to stop feeling guilty and focus on caring for your loved ones.―I was at a psychology conference where an expert was talking about the effects ofthis economy on families and how parents can’t afford to buy their kids luxuries like toys anymore,‖ says Lyubomirsky. ―But what they don’t realize is that kids don’t care about toys —what they care about is parents being grumpy and taking it out on them.‖79. ________________―If you find a happy person you will find a project,‖ says Lyubomirsky. ―Happy people all have goals they care about.‖Commit yourself to a project – whether it is a business you want to start or a dance you want to learn. But it’s also important to remember to be flexible in these times. Don’t get frustrated if circumstances are stopping you from meeting your goals. Adopt and change!―If your spouse has lost their job you might have to change your goal,‖ says Lyubomirsky. ―Or you might have to learn a whole new skill for a new job.‖80. ________________When times are tough, it’s easy to skip your regular workouts in favor of mop ping in front o f the TV and eating a bag of chips. Your thinking is ―I have more important things to worry about right now than looking good.‖But carve out a small part of your day to give your body some TLC (Tender Loving Care. It will go a long way in boosting your ha ppiness. ―Even if you can’t afford to go to the gym,‖ Lyubomirsky says, ―take time out to exercise at home.‖76-80: DFAEC76.You cannot change the laws of physics, but could physics actually enable us to travel through time? It might sound crazy, bu t according to Einstein ’s theories, there ’s no logical reason why time travel isn ’t possible and there are now scientists looking into it as a serious scientific proposal, at least at a theoretical level.77. Put simply, Einstein ’s idea was that eve ry object in the universe has itsown ―time ‖, and these vary as objects move. The faster an object moves, the slower its time is, compared to the time of a slower moving object. The extreme situation would beif an object could move as fast as the speed of light, its time would be completely stopped. Butwhatever an object ’ --- or person ’s --- time is, it ’s only evident in contrast to other objects. In other words, they ’re all relative.78.In 1971, after Einstein ’s death, two scientists were able to carry out a crucial experiment. They used two atomic clocks, synchronized them and placed one on a plane, while the other stayed in the same location on Earth. The plane then flew around the world for 80 hours. According to Einstein ’s theory, the clock on the plane would be expected to have lost time, due to being in motion over 80 hours compared to the clock on the ground. When they brought the clocks together and made a comparison, the clock on the plane was indeed a few nanoseconds slower than the other clock.79. So, time is warped --- and this opens up the possibility that we might be able to somehow manipulate it as a mode of travel one day. Already one scientist has published a paper in which he detailed how to build a time machine.80. If it were possible, however, it would present some pretty knotty paradoxes. For example, what if someone or something traveled back in time and changed the future? And have you heard the one about the time traveler who dots back and forward in time and by means of various medical technologies is able to be his own father AND mother?! And besides, if time travel is possible, where are all the people from the future----surely they ’d want to come and meet us poor stranded 21st century beings?76-80 BFCDE(嘉定Robot, it is a word that seems very modern, a word that creates a strong mental picture, a picture of something that looks and acts like a human. Robots are not human, of course, The word robot, and robots themselves, are less than 100 years old. But humans have been dreaming of real and imaginary copies of themselves for thousands of years. Early people made little human statues out of clay. And they cut wood and stone to look like humans.What is the future of robots? The goal of scientists is to create a true human-like robot. Some experts have described this robot of the future as one that can act independently with the physical world through its own senses and actions. Humans have the ability to see, hear, speak and solve problems. Engineers have built robots that have one or two ofThe biggest problem in creating a human-like robot is copying human intelligence. The way the human mind works is almost impossible to copy. A simple computer can do mathematical problems far beyond the ability of even the smartest human mind. But the human mind is better than a thousand supercomputers at speaking, hearing and problem-solving. Several American and Japanese companies are working to develop the senses of sight and touch for robots. The development of these senses will make robotsHowever, the most important human ability--the most difficult to copy--is problem-solving. An intelligent robot must be able to change the way it acts when it faces an unexpected situation. Humans do it all the time. Computers must do it for robots. This means computers must have a huge base of information about many things. They must be able to find quickly the needed information in their systems. And they must make choices about how to act. So far, this is beyond the ability of computers.76.D 77.F 78.A 79.E 80. B(金山A. Independence leading to family break-upB. Women’s easy and convenient life in USAC. No marriage for many people nowadaysD. Average American families getting smallE. Full freedom for young womenF. Divorce --- a social problem in USA76.Marriage, like other social instructions, is showing the strains of modern life. While more Americans are getting married today than ever before, the divorce rate is also disturbingly on the rise (one divorce for every three marriages last year. Why should this be so, and what, if anything, can we do to reverse this trend?77.For most people, life is easier and more comfortable than ever before. Convenience foods from the supermarket simplify shopping and cooking. Household appliances like the vacuum cleaner and the washing machine have made housework much easier to do. Released from these household chores, many wives have found jobs outside the home. Women are achieving economic independence.78.Families, too, are simpler today. In America, it is not customary for parents to live withtheir married children. With our greater mobility, relatives have scattered, the parents retiring to Florida or Arizona and the young people, after they marry, going wherever theirjobs or their interests take them.79. Young adult women have new freedom, too. While attending college, they often live away from home, sometimes far from their parents or their relatives. After college, they move to the city, find a job, and set up ―bachelor ‖ apart ment. This is the era of women ’s liberation.80. But all this freedom and affluence had had an unforeseen and in some respects a devastating effect on marriage. Men and women, no longer dependent on each other for food and maintenance, find it harder to accept the responsibilities and restraints or endurance the misunderstandings of married life. When happiness becomes misery, many couples decide too terminate their marriage through divorce. On the other hand, there is a growing trend today for couples in trouble to try to save their marriage by consulting a professional counselor. He listens patiently while they talk, knowing that only through self-understanding can they solve their problems.76 – 80 FBDEA(静安A. New teachers' opinions of involving parentsB. An argument over an assignmentC. A conflict between assumption and realityD. Difficulties in sharing goalsE. The best way to score highF. Proper ways of parental involvement76. An Iowa high school counselor gets a call from a parent protesting the "C" her child received on an assignment 'The parent argued every point in the essay, "recalls the counselor, who soon realized why the mother was so disappointed about my grade, 'it became apparent that she'd written it."77. In a survey, 90% of new teachers agreed that involving parents in their children's education is a priority at their school, but only 25% described their experience working with parents as "very satisfying." When asked to choose me biggest challenge they face, 31 % of them quoted involving parents and communicating with them as their top choice.73 % of new teachers said too many parents treat schools and teachers as enemies. 78. Ata time when competition is rising and resources are limited, when battles over testing force schools to adjust their priorities, when cell phones and e-mail speed up the information flow and all kinds of private ghosts and public quarrels slip into theparent-teacher conference, it's harder for both sides to step back and breathe deeply and look at the goals they share.79.Everyone says the parent-teacher conference should be pleasant, civilized, a kind of dialogue where parents and teachers build partnership. But what most teachers feel, and certainly what all parents feel, is anxiety and panic:80. When a teacher asks parents to be partners, he or she doesn't necessarily mean Mom or Dad should be camping in the classroom. Research shows that though students benefit modestly from having parents involved at school, what happens at home matters much more. According to research based on the National Education Longitudinal Study, a sample of nearly 25,000 eighth graders, among four main areas of parental involvement(home discussion, home supervision. school communication, and school participation, home discussion was the most strongly related.76—80 BADCF(卢湾There are many ways to help you improve your memory.76.Most people memorize information best when they study in short periods over a long period of time. Memorizing facts from index cards that can be carried with you and pulled out for a few ten-minute sessions each day will yield better results than sitting down with a text book for an hour straight. Index card notes can be pulled out in odd moments: while you are sitting in the car waiting to pick up your friend, during the 15 minutes you spend on the bus in the morning, while you wait to be picked up from school or work, and so on. You ’ll find these short but regular practices will greatly aid your recall of lots of information. They ’re a great way to add more study time to your schedule.77.When you have a list to memorize, divide the list into groups of seven or any other number. People seem to remember best when they divide long lists into shorter ones —and, for some reasons, shorter ones that have an odd number of items. So instead of trying to memorize ten vocabulary or spelling words, split your list into smaller lists of seven and three, or five and five, to help you remember them.78.Give yourself visual assistance in memorizing. I f there ’s a tricky combination of lettersin a word you need to spell, for example, circle or underline it in red or highlight it in the text. Your eye will recall what the word looks like. With some information, you can even draw a map or picture to help you remember.79.Give yourself auditory assistance in memorizing. Many people learn best if they hear the information. Sit by yourself in a quiet room and say aloud what you need to learn. Or give your notes to someone else and let that person ask you or quiz you on the material.80.When you study right before going to bed and don’t allow any interference—such as conversation, radio, television, or music—to come between study and sleep, you remember material better. This is especially true if you review first thing after waking as well. A rested and relaxed brain seems to hang on to information better than a tired and stressed-out brain.76. E 77. A 78. D 79. F 80. C(闵行Tips for dealing with depression76.Getting the support you need plays a big role in lifting the fog of depression and keeping it away. On your own, it can be difficult to maintain perspective and sustain the effort required to beat depression. But the very nature of depression makes it difficult to reach out for help. However, isolation and loneliness make depression even worse, so77.Depression puts a negative spin on everything, including the way you see yourself, the situations you encounter, and your expectations for the future. But you can’t break out of this pessimistic mi nd frame by ―just thinking positive.‖ Happy thoughts or wishful thinking won’t cut it. Rather, the trick i s to replace negative thoughts with more balanced thoughts.78.In order to overcome depression, you have to take care of yourself. This includes following a healthy lifestyle, learning to manage stress, setting limits on what you’re able79.When you’re depressed, exercising may be the last thing you feel like doing. But exercise is a powerful tool for dealing with depression. In fact, studies show that regularexercise can be as effective as antidepressant medication at increasing energy levels and decreasing feelings of fatigue. Scientists haven’t figured out exactly why exercise is such a potent antidepressant, but evidence suggests that physical activity triggers new cell growth in the brain, increases mood-enhancing neurotransmitters and endorphins, reduces stress, and relieves muscle tension — all things that can have a positive effect on depression.80.If you find your depression getting worse and worse, seek professional help. Needing more help doesn’t mean you’re weak. Sometimes the negative thinking in depression can make you feel like you’re a lost cause, but depression can be treated and you can feel better!76.B77. D 78. C 79. A 80. E(浦东76.Environmental groups in the United States are leading a campaign to save thousands of endangered seaturtles. They haveasked Pope John Paul the Second to ban turtle meat during the Christian religious observance known as Lent Christians observe Lent in preparation for the holiday of Easter.77. Environmental groups say illegal turtle hunting is one of the major threats to endangered sea turtles in southern California and Mexico. It has been illegal to harvest and eat sea turtle meat in Mexico for more than ten years. However, demand for sea turtle meat is widespread in both Southern California and Mexico. Biologists believe that illegal hunting is one of the main reasons for the sharp drop in sea turtle population during the past thirty years.78. The week before Easter Sunday is an especially deadly time for the turtles. As many as 5000 turtles are killed during this time each year. Many Mexicans and Mexican Americans eat turtle meat during the days before Easter. Many people do not eat meat during this holy time in order to obey the rules of Lent. Because sea turtles swim, many people consider them to be fish. Fish is permitted during Lent.79.The Sea Turtle Conversation Network is a union of fishermen, environmental activists and researchers. They sent a letter to Pope John Paul, urging the Roman Catholic Churchleader toofficially declare that sea turtle flesh is meat, not fish of seafood. They say thousands of these endangered animals would be saved if people did not eat them during this religious period. The letter also asked members of the Catholic Church to obey laws banning the capture of turtles in Mexico and the United States.80. About 35,000 endangered sea turtles are killed illegally near the coasts of Baja, California each year. Studies have shown a sharp drop in the numbers of females. They travel from as far away as Japan to lay their eggs on local beaches. Environmental activists say hunting sea turtles for their meat is the main barrier to the recovery of the species. They have urged the governments of the United States and Mexico to improve enforcement of the ban on sea turtle harvesting.76-80. CADFE(普陀76.importance to a public man. But this is not a business that can be undertaken in a day or swiftly improvised by a mere command of the will. The growth of alternative mental interests is a long process. The seeds must by carefully chosen; they must fall on good ground; they must be sedulously tended, if the vivifying fruits are to be at hand when needed.77.they must all be real. It is no use starting late in life to say: 'I will take an interest in this or that.' Such an attempt only aggravates the strain of mental effort. A man may acquire great knowledge of topics unconnected with his daily work, and yet get hardly any benefit or relief. It is no use doing what you like; you have got to like what you do. Broadly speaking, human beings may be divided into three classes: those who are toiled to death,those who are worried to death, and those who are bored to death.78.effort, the chance of playing a game of football on Saturday afternoon. It is no use inviting thepoliticianor the professional or business man, who has been working or worrying about serious things for six days, to work or worry about trifling things at the weekend. 79.and lay their hands on almost every object of desire -- for them a new pleasure, a new excitement if only an additional satiation. In vain they rush frantically round from place to place, trying to escape from avenging boredom by mere clatter and motion. For them discipline in one form or another is the most hopeful path.80.First, those whose work is work and whose pleasure is pleasure; and secondly, those whose work and pleasure are one. Of these the former are the majority. They have theircompensations. The long hours in the office or the factory bring with them as their reward, not only the means of sustenance, but a keen appetite for pleasure even in its simplest and most modest forms. For them the working hours are never long enough. Each day is a holiday, and ordinary holidays, when they come, are grudged as enforced as enforced interruptions in an absorbing vocation. Yet to both classes, the need of an alternative outlook, of a change of atmosphere, of a diversion of effort, is essential.Indeed, it may well be that those work is their pleasure are those who and most need the means of banishing it at intervals from their minds.选标题:76-80 BCDEF(青浦5 Golden Lessons from Steve JobsA. The only way to do great work is to love whatyou do.B. We’re here to make things different.C. Innovation has no limits.D. D on’t waste life living someone else’s life.E . It’s wonderful to have a beginner’s mind.F. Severe failure helps people grow.76.The only limit of innovation is your imagination. Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower. It’s time for you to begin thinking out of the box. If you are involved in a growing industry, think of ways to become more efficient, more customer-friendly, and easier to do business with. And remember that procrastination is not an option here. Start innovating now!77.with all matters of the heart, you’ll know when you find it.Seek out an occupation that gives you a sense of meaning, direction and satisfaction in life. It not only contributes to health and longevity, but also makes you feel better in difficult times. Do you jump out of bed on Monday mornings and look forward to the work week? If the answer i s ―no‖, keep looking, you’ll know when you find it.78.mind.‖ It is the kind of mind that can see things as they are, which step by step and in a flash can realize the original nature of everything. Beginne r’s mind is Zen practice in action. It is the mind that is innocent of preconceptions and expectations, judgments and prejudices. Think of beginner’s mind as the mind that faces life like a small。
2012高考英语上海卷及试卷解析
2012年高考英语试题 上海卷第1卷 共105分I . Listening ComprehensionSection ADirectionsIn Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A. At a library.B. At a hotel.C. At a bank.D. At an airport.2.A. Relaxed.B. Annoyed.C. Worried.D. Satisfied3.A. Doctor and patient.B. Shop owner and customer.C. Secretary and boss.D. Receptionist and guest.4.A. He would have thrown $300 around.B. $300 is not enough for the concert.C. Sandy shouldn't have given that much.D. Dave must be mad with the money5.A. She lives close to the man.B. She changes her mind at last.C. She will turn to her manager.D. She declines the man's offer.6A.2B.3C.4 D 57.A. Both of them drink too much coffee.B. The woman doesn't Like coffee at all.C. They help each other stop drinking coffee.D. The man is uninterested in the woman's story8.A. He doesn't. mind helping the woman.B. He hesitates whether to help or not.C. He'll help if the woman doesn't mindD. He can't help move the cupboard.9.A. He's planning to find a new job.B. He prefers to keep his house in a mess.C. He's too busy to clean his houseD. He has already cleaned his new house,10.A. She doesn't agree with the man.B. She is good at fmding a place to stay.C. She could hardly find the truth.D. She had no travel expei/ence in Britain.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questionswill be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage11.A. Use the company's equipment.B. Give orders to robotsC. Make decisions for the company.D. Act as Big Brother.12.A. Employees gain full freedom.B. Employees suspect one another.C. Employees' children are happy.D. Employees enjoy working there.13.A. Reward.B. Safety.C. Trust.D. HonestyQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage14.A. Canada had a smaller population.B. Land was cheaper in Canada.C. They wanted to continue the Revolution.D. They were against Britain.15. A. They standardized Canadian English. B. They settled there after the Revolution.C. They enjoy a very high social position.D. They make up a small part of the population16. A. It is considered unique to some extent. B. It is greatly influenced by French.C. It is mainly linked to British culture.D. It dates back to the late 17th century.Section CDirections: In Section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blanks 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and Vocabulary25. passion, people won't have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking.A.For .B.WithoutC.BeneathD.By答案 B本题主要考察介词以及句子的基本意义。
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长宁一模
1. 来信要求对这一案件进行进一步的调查。
(call for)
2. 去诊所看病通常没有去医院看病那么贵。
(expensive)
3. 开展一项新业务时，有许多困难需要解决。
(deal)
4. 这个病人的死，毫无疑问是医生治疗不当造成的。
(death)
5. 孩子们从小就不得不在学业上竞争，这就给他们带来了日益增加的精神压力。
(which)
闵行一模
1. 我们有必要在出发前制定一份计划。
(It…)
2. 中国加入世贸组织至今已十年了。
(since)
3. 这是最新款的手机，有些功能我不太熟悉。
(familiar)
4. 虽然不被公众看好，但这位歌手仍然坚持自己的演唱风格。
(stick)
5. 经历一次次失败之后，我们认识到做任何事情没有捷径，要成功非下苦功不可。
(experience)
普陀一模
1. 我们在出发旅行前先要预订好机票和宾馆房间。
(reserve)
2. 正如你们都了解的，在这个地区我们商店专门经营给儿童玩的电子游戏。
(specialize)
3. 在你决定哪所大学最合适你之前应该征询父母的意见。
(consult)
4. 经理对新政策很满意，认为它是一种有效的宣传产品的方法。
(promote)
5. 使河流变清不是件容易的事，但我们的政府最近发起了一场清除河流污染的运动。
(make sth. clean, launch a drive)
杨浦一模
1. 是到了我们为国家承担责任的时候了。
(time)
2. 听广播是让我们了解最新消息的方法之一。
(inform)
3. 毫无疑问校车安全是重中之重。
(doubt)
4. 消费者对冷冻食品失去信心的事实令生产厂家一筹莫展。
(loss)
5. 这么寒冷的天气里他还坚持在河里游泳，这使我不得不钦佩他的勇气和毅力。
(can’t help)
奉贤一模
1. 我们最好天天锻炼身体。
(exercise)
2. 如果你需要更多的信息，请随时和我联系。
(hesitate)
3. 与去年同期相比，今年的出口总量增长了两倍。
(compare)
4. 对学生而言，有必要深入社会实践，从而学到课堂上学不到的东西。
(participate)
5. 在孩子们能够表达或理解一门语言之前的很长一段时间，他们靠面部表情和发出噪声和大人们交流。
(before)
虹口一模
1. 由谁来为这次事故承担责任？(blame)
2. 高速铁路的发展使我们的出行更便捷了。
(it)
3. 应当鼓励年轻人自己解决他们面临的问题。
(face)
4. 这些建设工程旨在降低人们的生活成本，并改善他们的生活条件。
(aim)
5. 人们对像手机和电脑这样的电子产品早已司空见惯，以致于很难想象没有它们生活会变
成什么样。
(such… as…)
卢湾一模
1. 在公共场所吸烟是违法的。
(illegal)
2. 我在全神贯注地看书，没有听到手机在响。
(absorb)
3. 互联网是个人电脑发明以来最重要的进步。
(since)
4. 从事值得做的工作会给人以精神上的满足感。
(worth)
5. 中国达人秀(China Talent Show)吸引了成千上万名各个年龄层的人，因为它给普通人以展示自我的机会。
(because)
徐汇一模
1. 所有队员都赞成他的提议。
(favour)
2. 别对她期望太高，她毕竟只是一个新手。
(expect)
3. 这本书不仅有插图，还配有光盘，难怪孩子们如此喜欢。
(no wonder)
4. 因为不良的饮食习惯，西方人比亚洲人更容易得心脏病。
(likely)
5. 将IPAD运用于教学会带来许多好处，但它无法完全替代传统的学习方式。
(replace)
崇明一模
1. 请尽快对我们的计划作出评论。
(comment)
2. 今天下午我太累了，就取消了和Smith先生的约会。
(so… as to…)
3. 除非你听从李教授昨天给你的忠告，否则你将一事无成。
(unless)
4. 他感到遗憾的是为了完成这个研究，他连陪女儿的时间都没有。
(company)
5. 直到第四代苹果手机(iPhone 4)的出现，人们才意识到它已经给手机领域带来了巨大的变化。
(Not until)
闸北一模
1. 多吃蔬菜和水果，你会保持健康。
(and)
2. 玛丽是否参加这次英语晚会尚不得而知。
(remain)
3. 交流时，我们可能会遇到与自己观点截然不同的人。
(likely)
4. 正是通过远程教育，玛丽学会了如何进行个人投资。
(It…)
5. 如今，很多机场使用电子设备来检查旅客携带的行李中的违禁物品。
(check)
青浦一模
1. Sandra的物理不是比Karen强吗？(superior)
2. 学会负责真没想象得那么简单。
(as)
3. 这件晚礼服好像出自一位法国顶尖设计师之手。
(It)
4. 伸出援手去帮助那些身处困境的人们，你就会发现你的人生更有意义。
(aid n.)
5. 很多人喜欢在国庆节结婚，因此你至少得在你女儿婚礼之前半年预定那家饭店。
(reserve)
静安一模
1. 我们在国外旅游时应遵守当地的风俗。
(observe)
2. 他们毫不费力地就找到了那位好心人。
(difficulty)
3. 在中学就读的学生可以自由选择他们所喜爱的课程吗？(free)
4. 这条马路何时通车还不清楚。
(It)
5. 这种药品不如广告上说得那么有效，因为他服了药后，远没有缓解他的咳嗽。
(claim)
宝山一模
1. 班长昨天班会课没来。
(absent)
2. 为了赶上其他同学，他正在努力改正自己学习中的坏习惯。
(cure)
3. 毫无疑问，老师挑你作业里的毛病是为了帮助你取得更大的进步。
(fault)
4. 虽然已筋疲力尽，他们还是继续搜寻事故中的幸存者。
(tire)
5. 我们只有面对现实，认真分析形势，才能找到解决问题的办法。
(Only)
黄浦一模
1. 他决定重新考虑这个计划。
(decide)
2. 经常和你的父母交流可以缩小你们之间的代沟。
(narrow)
3. 他最近忙于找工作，结果没有通过期末考试，这让他的老师很生气。
(which)
4. 在你的演讲中增加一些科学数据，听众会更清醒地认识到环境污染的严重后果。
(and)
5. Jenny非常希望她的父母能允许她独自一人去日本旅游，但令她失望的是，他们不同意，还给出了N条理由。
(anxious)
嘉定一模
1. 许多街道都是以名人或大城市命名的。
(name vt.)
2. 为人民提供安全的住所和食品是政府的职责。
(shelter n.)
3. 我不赞成儿童参加中国达人秀(China’s Got Talent)，因为这会使他们梦想一夜成名。
(approve of)
4. 等这条铁路延伸至那座偏远的小城之后，当地的经济一定会得到迅猛的发展。
(by the time)
5. 这项计划初衷是募资帮助那些上不起学的穷孩子，但由于种种原因搁浅了。
(mean)
浦东一模
1. 简单的生活方式有利于环保。
(benefit)
2. 应该更多地关心父母远在他乡打工的孩子们。
(concern)
3. 面对困难你越是镇定自若，就越有可能克服它们。
(likely)
4. 如今很多蔬菜种植在温室里而不是菜园里，为的是不受风雨和昆虫的侵害。
(so that)
5. 我和他志同道合，且年龄和家庭背景相似，我想这就是为什么我们成为好朋友的原因。
(which)
金山一模
1. 他非常喜欢玩电脑游戏。
(keen)
2. 说实话，我发现有时候很难满足所有顾客的要求。
(meet)
3. 只要不断努力，你们所有的梦想都会实现的。
(as long as)
4. 虽然困难重重，但他父母还是设法及时赶到了上海。
(despite)
5. 我们从不怀疑现在学的东西越多，将来就能工作得越好。
(the more…, the more…)。