高译教育-北京第二外国语学院考研真题综合考试(日本文学史)答案2004
2004年日语能力考二级真题读解部分02
2004年日语能力考二级真题读解部分022004年日语能力考二级真题读解部分。
考生们在日语备考中都会看大量资料，做大量习题来提高日语水平，可是在能力考前还是不能确定自己的掌握情况，那就让往年二级真题来帮你检测一下吧!問題Ⅱ次の(1)と(3)の文章を読んで、それぞれの問いに対する答えとして最も適当なものを1･2･3･4から一つ選びなさい。
(1)「お母さん、もう少し大人になりな(注1)、お父さんくらいに」私の背中に6歳の息子が言った。
自転車の後ろに乗せ、幼稚園に向かう途中のことだった。
ドキッとした。
確かに私は一日中、3人の子どもに片づけ(注2)をしなさいとか、宿題をやってしまいなさいとかうるさい。
頭に来ると子どもと同等(注3)になってけんかをしている。
それに比べ夫はその様子を少し離れて見ていてたまに口出し(注4)するくらいで大人なのだ。
それにしても幼稚園児(注5)の言うことにしては立派過ぎる。
「大人って?」と聞いてみた。
すると、後ろから私の体に手を回して「ほら、お母さんこんなに小さいよ。
もっと大人になってお父さんくらい大きくなって!」。
なーんだ体の大きさのことだったんだ。
私は「大人だって小さい人はいるよ。
ほら、おばあちゃんなんて大人なのにお母さんより小さいよ」と投げかけた。
「あのね、おばあちゃんはぼくが生まれる前、大人だったんだよ、でもね、今はおばあちゃんになって縮んだの」。
①うーんなるほど。
初めは「大人になりな」なんて言われて反省し、次はおばあちゃんを大切にしなければと考えさせられた。
幼稚園に着いた。
息子は手を振り、門をくぐって(注6)行く。
②後ろがいつもより大人びて(注7)見えた。
(上西紀子「ひととき」2001年11月3日付朝日新聞による)(注1)なりな：なりなさい(注2)片づけをする：片づける(注3)同等「どうとう」：同じ程度(注4)ロ出し「くちだし」：他の人の話に横から何か言うこと(注5)(幼稚園)児「じ」：(幼稚園の)児童(注6)くぐる：下を通って抜ける(注7)大人びて：大人のように問1 筆者は最初「大人になりな」という言葉をどのような意味だと思ったか。
北外二外日语试题和答案2007-2009
解 详 及 案 答 校 90多所淘院宝校店英ht语t：p专:1/业3/9s考8h6o研0p16真9113题6947资（23料武2.-汉t部a李o分b老a院o师.c）omQQ：1136798813 话 电
解 详 及 案 答 校 90多所淘院宝校店英ht语t：p专:1/业3/9s考8h6o研0p16真9113题6947资（23料武2.-汉t部a李o分b老a院o师.c）omQQ：1136798813 话 电
解 详 及 案 答 校 90多所淘院宝校店英ht语t：p专:1/业3/9s考8h6o研0p16真9113题6947资（23料武2.-汉t部a李o分b老a院o师.c）omQQ：1136798813 话 电
解 详 及 案 答 校 90多所淘院宝校店英ht语t：p专:1/业3/9s考8h6o研0p16真9113题6947资（23料武2.-汉t部a李o分b老a院o师.c）omQQ：1136798813 话 电
解 详 及 案 答 校 90多所淘院宝校店英ht语t：p专:1/业3/9s考8h6o研0p16真9113题6947资（23料武2.-汉t部a李o分b老a院o师.c）omQQ：1136798813 话 电
解 详 及 案 答 校 90多所淘院宝校店英ht语t：p专:1/业3/9s考8h6o研0p16真9113题6947资（23料武2.-汉t部a李o分b老a院o师.c）omQQ：1136798813 话 电
解 详 及 案 答 校 90多所淘院宝校店英ht语t：p专:1/业3/9s考8h6o研0p16真9113题6947资（23料武2.-汉t部a李o分b老a院o师.c）omQQ：1136798813 话 电
解 详 及 案 答 校 90多所淘院宝校店英ht语t：p专:1/业3/9s考8h6o研0p16真9113题6947资（23料武2.-汉t部a李o分b老a院o师.c）omQQ：1136798813 话 电
2004年日语能力考二级真题读解部分01
2004年日语能力考二级真题读解部分012004年日语能力考二级真题读解部分。
考生们在日语备考中都会看大量资料，做大量习题来提高日语水平，可是在能力考前还是不能确定自己的掌握情况，那就让往年二级真题来帮你检测一下吧!問題Ⅰ次の文章を読んで、後の問いに答えなさい。
答えは、1･2･3･4から最も適当なものを一つ選びなさい。
この話をする前に、「時間というものは作ることができない」という、あたり前のことを言っておきたい。
1日が24時間であることを変えることはできない。
睡眠時間を削ればいいと言う人もいるだろう。
必要な睡眠時間は個人差があるうえに、無理をすると苦痛も大きい。
楽しいことをするために睡眠時間を削るのはそれほど苦にならないものだけれども、勉強のために睡眠時間を削るなど、①なかなかできるものではない。
では、どうすれば時間ができるのか。
おおむね(注1)二つの方法がある。
ひとつは、自分にとっての「ムダな時間を減らす」ことだ。
大学に受かるための時間が必要ならば、それに関係のない時間を減らせばいい。
これは必ずしも、食事や入浴の時間を削れというわけではない。
②あたり前のように過ごしているムダな時間をなくせばいいのだ。
(中略)1日1時間はテレビを見てもいいというような、ある程度の娯楽は許されるだろう。
でも、どれもこれも十分な時間をとるのは、とうてい(注2)無理な話だ。
だから、どうしても自分にとって捨てられないことや捨てられない時間を二つか三つに絞り、それ以外は削らなければならない。
時間を増やす二つ目の方法は、③「時間の密度を上げる」ことである。
時間の密度を上げるということは、1時間で5ページ勉強するのと10ページ勉強するのとでは、時間の密度が倍もちがうということだ。
前にも言ったように、勉強をやっていないのに「できる」人は、時間的に多く勉強していないだけで、人の何倍ものスピードで十分な勉強量をこなしている(注3)はずだ。
2004年日语能力考二级真题读解部分03
2004年日语能力考二级真题读解部分032004年日语能力考二级真题读解部分。
考生们在日语备考中都会看大量资料，做大量习题来提高日语水平，可是在能力考前还是不能确定自己的掌握情况，那就让往年二级真题来帮你检测一下吧!問題Ⅲ次の(1)から(5)の文章を読んで、それぞれの問いに対する答えとして最も適当なものを1･2･3･4から一つ選びなさい。
(1) ふるさとや家族について、はじめて意識的に考えたのは18歳のときだった。
つまり、家族と離れて、東京で一人暮らしをはじめたときである。
かなり重症(注1)のホームシック(注2)で、休みになるとすぐに帰省(注3)した。
で、帰って何をするかというと、特別なことは何もない。
ふるさとは、帰ってみると、実になんでもないところである。
そして、そのなんでもなさが、ふるさとの魅力なのだ、と思う。
あたりまえのことの大切さやありがたさに気づくためには、すこし離れて見るのがいい。
ふるさとを離れると、ふるさとのよさが見えてくる。
(俵万智『101個目のレモン』文藝春秋による)(注1)重症「じゅうしょう」：病気が重いこと(注2)ホームシック：ふるさとを離れている者がふるさとを恋しく思う様子(注3)帰省「きせい」：ふるさとに帰ること【問い】本文の要約として最も適当なものはどれか。
1 ふるさとから離れていると、都会にあるものがふるさとにはない二とに気づくことがある。
2 ふるさとは都会から遠く離れていて、何もないように見えるが、よく探してみると、都会と同じような魅力がある。
3 ふるさとのように、あるのが当然だと思っているものの価値は、そこから少し距離を置くことでわかるようになる。
4 ふるさとで家族と暮らしていると、そのありがたさが意識できるので、なんでもない日常の生活の大切さがわかるようになる。
(2) 建物や部屋、家具などには直線が多く使われています。
作りやすくむだが少ないことが、その理由です。
广外英语水平考试2004考研真题及答案解析
广东外语外贸大学2004年硕士研究生入学考试英语语言文学及外国语言与应用语言学水平考试试卷Ⅰ. Cloze (20%)Fill in each blank with the words given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.The problem which the learner 1 in handling the meanings of such complex expressions (and those of the more numerous two-word combinations) are well known He may have 2 of understanding or interpretation(especially when the form of an expression is a poor guide to its meaning). He may have trouble in 3 accurately between various meanings of the “same” item-those of put out, for 4 ,or take in. And again, he may need help in distinguishing 5 expressions which are related in form (of level off and level up) 6 not necessarily in meaning. Among the features we have included in the dictionary to help the student deal with such problems 7 the regular listing in entries of “collocating” words. We can consider briefly the special advantages of this guidance here.The collocates of an expression are the particular words 8 are commonly combined with it to form sentences. 9 the words which regularly appear (as subjects) in the same sentences as bring to blows, for example, are disagreement, difference and rivalry and among those habitually associated (as direct objects) with bring to attention are troops, platoon, company. The learner normally becomes 10 of these word associations, or collocations, one by one through meeting them in books or hearing them in conversation, and as one association builds 11 another he gradually develops a firm understanding of the meanings of bring to blows and bring to attention. The advantage of bringing together a number of these associated words in one place—as in the entries shown just below—is that the student is 12 aware of several at the same time. As a 13 the learning process can be greatly speeded up. Another advantage, of course, is that the student can make up sentences of his own on the 14 of the collocates recorded in such entries, so strengthening. still more his grasp on the meanings of the headphrases themselves.Illustrative sentences in dictionary entries can 15 much the same purpose as lists of collocates. 16 the illustrations are carefully chosen, they too will contain words that are characteristically and unambiguously 17 with the headphrases, which help to develop the learner’s understanding of their meaning.18 collocates and examples have different and complementary parts to play in the definition of meaning. In a list of collocates some of the more important 19 to our understanding of an expression are abstracted form their real contexts and presented in a highly condensed form. In illustrations, various kinds of information-highly condensed form. In illustrations, various kinds of information grammatical and stylistic as 20 as lexical-are combined in actual instances of language use, though the most important clues to meaning may be rather thinly spread.Ⅱ.Proof-reading and Error Correction(30%)The following passage contains FIFTEEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of one error.In each case, only one word is involved. You should correct it in the following way. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.For a wrong word, underline the wrong word and write the correct one in theblank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “A” signand write the word youFor an unnecessary word, believe .to be missing' in the blank provided atthe end of the line. cross out the unnecessary wordwith a slash "/" and put the word in the blankprovided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen A art museum wants a new exhibit,[1] anIt never buys things in finished form and hangs them on the wall.[2] neverWhen a natural history museum wants an exhibition, it must often build it.[3] exhibitWhy do some new products succeed, bringing millionsof dollars to innovative companies, but others fail, 1.with great losses? The answer is not simple, andcertainly we cannot say that "good" products succeedwhile "bad" products fail. Many products that functionwell and seem to meet consumer needs have fallenby the wayside. Sometimes, virtual identical products 2.exist in the market at the same time with one emerged 3.as profitable while the other fails. Mc Neal Laboratories'Tylenol has become success as an aspirin substitute, 4.yet Bristol-Meyers went into the test market at aboutthe same time with Neotrend, also a substitute to aspirin, 5.that quickly failed. 6.The nature of the product is a factor in their success 7.or failure, but the important point is the consumer'sperception of the products need-satisfying ability. 8.Any new product conception should be aimed atmeeting any customer need, and the introductory 9.promotion should seek to communicate that need-satisfying quality and motivate the customer try the 10.product. Often, attitude change is involved, and, in theextreme, changes in life-style may be seeked. 11.Here the company walks a tightrope. A new productis more probable to be successful if it represents a 12. truly novel way of solving, a customer problem, butthis very newness, if carried too far, may ask the customerto learn new behavior patterns. The customer will make thechange if the perceived benefit is sufficient, but inertia isstrong and consumers will often not go to the effort that isrequired. During the late sixties and early seventiesBristol-Meyers met new product failures that exemplify 13. both of these problems. In 1967 and 1968 the companyentered into the market with a $ 5 million advertising 14. campaign for Fact toothpaste, and an $11 millioncampaign to promote Resolve. Both products failed quickly,--not because they wouldn't work or because there was 15.no consumer need, but apparently because consumersjust could see no reason to shift from an alreadysatisfactory product to a different one that promised nonew benefit.III. Gap-filling (40%)Fill in the following blanks with the CORRECT WORD or CORRECT FORM of the words given according to the MEANINGS of the sentences. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.Exampleprolong, refuse, delay, postpone, lengthenI hope the of the appointment will not cause you much inconvenience. The correct answer is postponement.1. ally, league, unionUnder the military command of Ahmad Shah Mausood, a faction leader with Rabbani, government forces continued tohold much of Kabul late in the year, but fighting continued in the area.2. obligation, liability, responsibilityMembership in the United Nations is open to all peace-loving states which accept the of the Charter3. prospectus, brochure, catalogue., pamphlet, leafletThe tells buyers how to identify fraudulent sellers andhow to cope with false claims on grading, certification, appreciation,and value.4. alter, convert, transform, varyA single genetic could allow the sunflower to convert some of itsoleic acid to ricinoleic acid, an extremely versatile oil that has numerousindustrial uses, including the manufacture of plastics, nylon, cosmetics, andlubricants.5. affection, emotion., feeling, sentimentAnna Roe of New York City stated that there are vocationally successful personswho are well-adjusted socially and yet who. show, according to tests, more or lesssevere disabilities.6. genius, gift, talentWith costs of educating handicapped children increasing, advocates of bettereducationfor children began demanding more financial support.7. celebrate, commemorate, inaugurate, representOn October 14, President Eisenhower's birthdate, the U.S. Post Office Departmentissueda stamp.8. career, profession, occupation, employmentThe problem of injury and sickness received a good deal of publicityand attention this year.9. criticism, mark, review, opinionCritics gave good to the movie featuring Julia Roberts and Hugh Grant,which was a box-office hit all over the world.10. hedge, dyke. wall. moat. fenceThe castle was surrounded by a , which nowadays contained only occasionalrainwater.11. propose, agreement, suggest, adviceIn September, Constitutional Affairs Minister Joe Clark unveiled new aimed at satisfying Quebec's demands for federal reform.12. rare, scarce, scant, inadequateWith wartime food largely over in the United States, the return topeacetime methods in food exporting from this country will be quick or slow inproportion to the rate at which normal production and trade revive throughout theworld. Meantime, world relief requirements along with the continuance of worldshortages in items such as fats and oils and sugar delay the abandonment of thecontrols.13. cure, heal, remedy, treatSuch high levels of unemployment compelled measures in their view, andso deep a recession called for some economic stimulation.14. individual, personal, privateAlthough all humans share the same set of genes, can inherit differentforms of a given gene, making each person genetically unique.15. common, general. popularAs Peres's personal continued to rise in public opinion pollsfollowing the completion of Israel's withdrawal from Lebanon, bitter exchangesover Taba and West Bank settlement policy became increasingly common.16. just, fair, impartialIn this letter to Angelina, Sarah .enumerates the legal womensuffered in the 1830s and compares the plight of women in theUnited States to thatof slaves.17. prolong, extend, lengthen, enlargeAs he hasn't sorted -out his business in the UK, he intends to apply for a/an of his passport.18. exert, conduct, impose, implementOn April 1st the long delayed of the United Nations' plan for peaceand decolonization in South West Africa (Namibia), embodied in Security Councilresolution 435 (1978), finally began.19. crease, crumple, wrinkle, pleatDermatologists have been swamped with people seeking what they believe is theclosest thing to the fountain of youth: the anti-acne prescription skin creamRetin-A, known generically as tretinoin and chemically related to Accutane. AJanuary report in The Journal of the American Medical Association said that Retin-Adiminished small and other aging changes caused by sun exposure.20. cunning, sly. crafty, shrewdThe Sino-Japanese peace pact was preceded in May by the opening of diplomaticrelations between China and the oil-rich Middle Eastern state of Oman. And it was immediately followed by the Premier's unprecedented 12-day visit to Romania, Yugoslavia, and Iran—a trip timed to coincide with the tenth anniversary ofthe Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia.IV. Reading Comprehension (60%)In this section, there are six reading passages followed by a total of thirtymultiple-choice questions. Read the passages carefully and then mark your answerson your ANSWER SHEET.Text A15 Killed by Rebel Bomb in KashmirSRINAGAR, India--At least 15 people were killed when a car bomb exploded incentral Srinagar at midday Monday, witnesses said. Five of the dead appeared to besoldiers, they said. Officials at a government-run hospital said that 20 peoplewere admitted with wounds and that three were in surgery. One of the wounded diedupon arrival at the hospital.A caller identifying himself as a member of Hizbul Mujahidin, a pro-Pakistangroup, contacted several news agencies to claim responsibility for the attack.Hizbul Mujahidin is the most powerful rebel group favoring a merger with Pakistan.Other groups want independence from Indian rule.The bomb went off in a car near a police station and outside a branch of the government-owned State Bank of India, where Indian soldiers fighting the separatist insurgency in Jammu and Kashmir gather at the beginning of every month to collect their pay.Witness said an army truck was parked in the vicinity when the bomb went off. Three cars and five scooters' were destroyed in the blast.Witnesses said that two of the victims were women and that five others wore military uniforms. Some of the corpses were badly mutilated.Security forces arrived quickly and carried off the bodies. The police cordonedoff the area, fearing another attack.The blast was preceded by a grenade attack a few blocks away that appeared to have been a diversionary measure.The explosion was near Ahdoo's, one of the only hotels left open in the city. The hotel is full of foreign journalists covering the Kashmir hostage crisis, which entered its third month Monday.Four Westerners have been held hostage by guerrillas in the Kashmir Valley since July 4. A fifth hostage, Hans Christian Ostroe of Norway, was found beheaded ina remote region Aug. 13.The guerrillas have said they will kill the remaining hostages unless the Indian government releases 15 jailed separatists.1. claimed responsibility for the attack.A. A rebel groupB. An Indian groupC. A member of Hizbul MujahidinD. A pro-Indian group2. The bomb went off outside a bank branch where Indian soldiers gather to.A. fight the rebelsB. protect the bankC. fight the separatist insurgencyD. collect their pay3. Witnesses said that two of the victims wereA. children and that five others wore military uniformsB. women and that five others were probably soldiersC. women and that five others were childrenD. women and that five others were workers4. PoliceA. withdrew from the areaB. kept people at a distance from the area by means of a cordonC. cleaned the areaD. examined the area5. The blast was preceded by a grenade attack a few blocks away that appearedto .A. have turned people's attention away from the place where a bomb was exploded laterB. have drawn people's attention to the place where a bomb was exploded laterC. have been an entertaining measureD. have been a visionary plotText BBehave Like Your Actions Reflect on All ChineseBy the 1870s the easygoing cordiality that greeted the first Chinese in America had been replaced by an ugly resentment that often boiled into virulence. Racism and economic fear led many Westerners to believe that .the Chinese, who were willing to work cheap, were stealing their jobs ....Legal persecution took the form of taxes and statutes aimed at their livelihood, their customs and even their looks. Chinese families had to pay special taxes. Their children were barred from local public schools. A San Francisco ordinance, vetoed by the mayor at the last moment, would have required that the queues of Chinese jail inmates be cut off. Other harassments include laws making it illegal to carry baskets suspended from poles while walking on sidewalks, as Chinese laundrymen did, or to rent rooms with less than 500 cubic feet of space per person, as most Chinese had to do. The courts even prohibited Chinese from giving testimony in cases that involved whites.By 1880 Chinese immigrants represented only 0.002 percent of the population, yet the "Chinese Question"—which boiled down to finding ways to keep them out--had become a major national issue ....The Chinese responded to prejudice and persecution in two ways. First, they created an insulated society-within-a-society that needed little from the dominant culture. Second, they displayed a stoic willingness to persevere, and to take without complaint or resistance whatever America dished out.6. The first Chinese immigrants to the U.S. .A. were welcomedB. far outnumbered other minoritiesC. arrived in the 1870sD. were met with hostility7. The author believes that in the later part of the 19th century, Chinese immigrants received .A. adequate housingB. national acceptanceC. equal educationD. unfair treatment8. A San Francisco ordinance, by the mayor at the last moment, required that the queues of Chinese jail inmates be cut off.A. suggestedB. rejectedC. supportedD. urged9. Which of the following is not the Chinese response to prejudice and persecution?A. to create an insulated society-within-a-societyB. to show a stoic willingness to persevereC. to show strong protestD. to take whatever America gave without complaint or resistance10. From the passage we can tell that many Americans were fearful because they found the Chinese were .A. an inferior peopleB. willing to work for low payC. lazy and stupidD. impossible to understandText CThree weeks ago, a story we published put us in the middle of a controversy. It was hardly the first time that has happened, but this instance-suggested an opportunity for more than usual colloquy in the letters pages. So for this occasion and others like it, we have revived a section of TIME called Forum, which begins on page 28, concerns our cover subject thisweek—the Nation of Islam and its leader, Louis Parrakhan.The decision to pursue an in-depth investigation of this subject was prompted by the anti-Semitic and otherwise racist speech that Farrakhan's aide, Khallid Muhammad, gave at Kean College in New Jersey. The story was newsworthy in large part because it came just as some mainstream black groups were attempting to form a constructive alliance with Farrakhan and the Nation of Islam. News of the speech loosed a flash flood of reportage and commentary on the subject, at that time we began the kind of weeks-long investigation a cover story like this one requires. At the same time, we published an article on one telling aspect of the larger story: the fact that some black leaders were offended when whites called on them to denounce racism in other black leaders while seeming to ignore offensive remarks by whites--as, for example, Senator Ernest Hoolings, who had some time before made a supposedly joking reference to an African delegation as cannibals. The larger issue was that blacks feel they should be presumed to abhor anti-Semitism and other forms of racism without having to say no, and that they resent the attempt by whites to script their views, behavior or alliances.The story raised interesting and important points, and it clearly struck a nerve. The reaction was instantaneous and strong, most of it coming from white and Jewish readers. Some argued that our story was opinion masquerading as fact. Some people, both white and black, said that crediting white pressure for the denunciations of Farrakhan was condescending, that it deprived black leaders of credit for what was simply principled behavior. Some readers also felt that to concentrate on this issue was to minimize or downplay the virulence of Muhammad's speech. Andthere was a general view among our critics that no amount of good works by the Nation of Islam could justify any black leader's toleration of, not to mention alliance with, such a racist organization.The issues raised by the story's critics are important. Still, this much must be said: Muhammad's speech was wholly disreputable and vile, and I believe our story made that clear. Our focus, however, was not on black racism but on the perception of a subtle form of white racism--the sense among some back leaders that, as the story put it, "some whites feel a need to make all black leaders speak out whenever one black says something stupid." That this feeling of grievance exists is not just TIME's opinion. It is fact.11.We can infer that the author of the article is .A. a readerB. a criticC. a racistD. editor of TIME12. The purpose of TIME FORUM is .A. to present opinions on issues of importanceB. to carry views on present issuesC. to stir peopleD. to cause a sensation13. This article focuses on the problem of .A. racismB. whitesC. blacksD. Jews14. The author's opinion of Muhammad's speech is .A. sympatheticB. favourableC. unfavourableD. not known15. It can be seen that the story published by the TIME aroused reaction amongthe readers.A. noB. immediate and strongC. slow but strongD. everlasting and strongText DShylock on the Beach"When I direct Shakespeare," theatrical innovator Peter Sellars once said, "the first thing I do is go to the text for cuts. I go through to find the' passages that are real heavy, that really are not needed, places where the language has become obscure, the places where there is a bizarre detour." And then? "I take those moments, those elements, and I make them the centerpiece, the core of the production." In the sober matter of staging Shakespeare, such audaciousness is hard toresist--though a lot of Chicago theatre-goers have been able to. Typically, a third of the people who have been showing up at the Goodman Theatre to see Sellars' ingenious reworking of The Merchant of Venice have been walking out before the evening is over. It's no mystery why: the evening isn’t over for nearly four hours. Beyond that, the production pretty much upends everything the audience has come to expect from one of Shakespeare's most troubling but reliable entertaining comedies. The play has been transplanted from the teeming, multicultural world of 15th century Venice, Italy, to the teeming, multicultural world of 1994 Venice Beach, California, where Sellars lives when he isn't setting Don Giovanni in Spanish Harlem, putting King Lear in a Lincoln Continental or deconstructing other classic plays and operas. Shylock, along with theplay's other Jews, is black. Antonio, the merchant of the title, and his kinsmen are Latinos. Portia, the wealthy maiden being wooed by Antonio's friend Bassanio, is Asian. But the racial shuffling is just one of Sellars' liberties. The stage is furnished with little but office furniture, while video screens simulcast the actors in close-up during their monologues, (and, in between, display seemingly unrelated Southern California scene, form gardens and swimming pools to the L. A. riots). Cries of anguish come from the clowns, and the playfully romantic final scene, in which Portia teases Bassanio for giving away her ring to the lawyer she played in disguise, is reimagined as the darkest, most poisonously unsettling passage in the play. Some of this seems to be sheer perversity, but the real shock. of Sellars' production is how well it works both theatrically and thematically. The racial casting, for instance, is a brilliant way of defusing the play's anti-Semitisrn---turning it into a metaphor for prejudice and materialism in all its forms. Paul Butler is a hardhearted ghetto businessman who, even when he is humiliated at the end, never loses his cool or stoops for pity.' Wrongheaded and tortuous as this Merchant sometimes is, the updating is witty and apt. The "news of the Rialto" becomes fodder for a pair of gossip reporters on a happy-talk TV newscast. Shylock's trial is presided over by a mumbling, superannuated judge who could have stepped right out of Court TV. With a few exceptions--Elaine Tse's overwrought Portia, for instance--the actors strike a nice balance between Shakespeare's poetry and Sellars' stunt driving. For the rest of us, it's a wild ride.16. The passage mainly deals with .A. the staging of Shakespeare's Merchant of VeniceB. Peter Sellars who is an innovative director.C. people's dislike of the newly performed Merchant of VeniceD. The Merchant of Venice adapted by Sellars17. When directing Shakespeare, Sellars usuallyA. cuts the original text shortB. abrid ges the original textC. deletes and changes the original textD. omits some parts of the original text18. Sellars' The Merchant of VeniceA. satisfies the audience's expectationB. is popular with Chicago theatre-goersC. is not favored by the audienceD. is too short in time19. The play isA. relocated in. the teeming, multicultural world of 15th century Venice ItalyB. relocated in the modem world--Venice Beach, California, in1994C. C. transplanted to the teeming, multicultural world of 15th centuryVenice ItalyD. originally located in the modem world--Venice Beach, California20. Which of the following statement is NOT tree?A. The director's interpretation of Shakespeare's work is witty and aptB. The director's reworking of Shakespeare is awkward and meaninglessC. The adapted play, for some people, is a wild rideD. The adapted play is wrongheaded and tortuousText EResearchers investigating brain size and mental ability say their work offers evidence that education protects the mind from the brain's physical deterioration. It is known that the brain shrinks as the body ages, but the effects on mental ability are different from person to ner.q9n. Interestingly, in a study of elderly men and women, those who had more education actually had more brain shrinkage. "That may seem like bad news," said study author Dr. Edward Coffey, a professor of psychiatry and of neurology at Henry Ford Health System in Detroit. However, he explained, the finding suggests that education allowsm people to withstand more brain-tissue loss before their mental functioning begins to break down.The study, published in the July issue of Neurology, is the first to provide biological evidence to support a concept called the "reserve" hypothesis, according to the researchers. In recent years, investigators have developed the idea that people who are more educated have greater cognitive reserves to draw upon as the brain tissue to spare.Examining brain scans of 320 healthy men and women ages 66 to 90, researchers found that for each year of education the subjects had, there was greater shrinkage of the outer layer of the brain known as the cortex. Yet on tests of cognition and memory, all participants scored in the range indicating normal."Everyone has some degree of brain shrinkage," Coffey said. "People Lose (on average) 2.5 percent decade starting at adulthood.There is, however, a "remarkable range" of shrinkage among people who show no signs of mental decline, Coffey noted. Overall health, he said, accounts for some differences in brain size. Alcohol or drug use, as well as medical conditions such as diabetes and high blood pressure, contribute to brain-tissue loss throughout adulthood.In the absence of such medical conditions, Coffey said, education level helps explain the range of brain shrinkage exhibited among the mentally-fit elderly. Themore-educated can withstand greater loss.Coffey and colleagues gauged shrinkage of the cortex by measuring the cerebrospinal fluid surrounding the brain. The greater the amount of fluid, he greater the cortical shrinkage. Controlling for the health factors that contribute to brain injury, the researchers found that education was related o the severity of brain shrinkage. For each year of education from firstgrade on, subjects had an average of 1.77 milliliters more cerebrospinal fluid around the brain.For example, Coffey's team reported, among subjects of the same sex and similar age and skull size, those with 16 years of education had 8 percent to 10 percent more cerebrospinal fluid compared with those who had four years of schooling. Of course, achieving a particular education level is not the definitive measure of someone's mental capacity. And, said Coffey, education can be "a proxy for many things". More-educated people, he noted, are olden less likely to have habits, such as smoking, that harm overall health. But Coffey said that his team's findings suggest that like the body, the brain benefits from exercise. "The question is whether by continuing to exercise the brain we can forestall the effects of (brain shrinkage)," he said. "My hunch is that we can."According to Coffey, people should strive throughout life to keep their brains alert by exposing themselves to new experiences. Travelling is one way to stimulate the brain, he said; a less adventuresome way is to do crossword puzzles."A hot topic down the road," Coffey said, will be whether education even late in life has a protective effect against mental decline.Just how education might affect brain cells is unknown. In their report, the researchers speculated that in people with more education, certain brain structures deeper than the cortex may stay intact to compensate for cortical shrinkage. 21. According to this passage, all of the following factors could not account for cortical shrinkage.A. ageB. educationC. healthD. exercise22. Which of the following statements is true?A. The brain of an adult person shrinks 2.5% every 10 years.B. The cerebrospinal fluid of a person with 8 years of education may haveincreased by 17.7 millimeters.C. The cerebrospinal fluid of a person with 16 years of education may increase by 10%.D. The brain of an aged person shrinks 5% every 10 years.23. According to Coffey's research, the brain may benefit fromA. runningB. playing chessC. swimmingD. playing football.24. From this passage, we can conclude thatA. education is beneficial to mental development.B. education protects the brain from shrinking.C. education has a protective effect against mental decline.。
外国语学院二外德语历年考研真题及详解【可修改文字】
可编辑修改精选全文完整版外国语学院二外德语历年考研真题及详解(总5页)--本页仅作为文档封面，使用时请直接删除即可--全国名校外国语学院二外德语历年考研真题及详解（第3版）益星学习网可免费下载题库目录第1章全国名校外语学院二外德语考研真题分析二外德语考研真题分析重点院校二外德语考研真题比较第2章全国名校外语学院二外德语考研真题详解1．北京外国语大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2012～2014）2．中国人民大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2007）3．对外经济贸易大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2013～2014）4．北京第二外国语学院二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2012～2013）5．北京航空航天大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2012～2014）6．上海外国语大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2006）7．浙江大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2008-2009）8．武汉大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2008-2011）9．南京大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2008-2009）10．中山大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2012～2014）11．厦门大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2011～2013）12．四川外语学院二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2008-2009）13．南开大学二外德语考研真题及参考答案（2011～2012）第1章全国名校外语学院二外德语考研真题分析“二外德语”是全国各院校英语、日语、法语、俄语等外国语专业研究生入学考试科目，考生第二外语为德语。
一般来说，“二外德语”总分为100分，考试时间为3小时。
二外德语考研真题分析“二外德语”为全国各大院校自主命题，而非全国统考，没有统一的考试大纲，考生在备考“二外德语”时往往目标不明确，定位不准确，所以对各大院校的二外德语历年真题分析则显得尤为重要。
分析各大院校的二外德语试题能够为考生准确定位自己的德语水平提供很好的参照，也使考生对“二外德语”考试有一个全面的了解，更加清晰的了解出题者的思路，从而正确地制定出复习方法和学习步骤，使复习具有针对性，使复习的效果更上一层楼。
日语第二外语真题答案解析
日语第二外语真题答案解析导语：日语作为一门外语，在中国的大学考试中作为第二外语的选择是非常广泛的。
学习者在备考中，常常会去研究真题答案解析，以提高备考效率和答题准确性。
本文将围绕日语第二外语真题的解析展开论述，帮助学习者更好地应对考试。
一、理解题目意思在解析日语第二外语真题答案之前，首先要理解题目的意思。
日语考试的题目通常是以文章阅读、听力和翻译为主要形式，但无论题型如何，准确理解问题是成功的关键。
以文章阅读题目为例，假设题目是“以下哪个选项是正确的？”则学习者首先要仔细阅读全文，归纳出文章的主旨和重点信息。
在回答问题时，要将问题和文章的相关部分对应起来，作出正确的选择。
遇到生词或短语时，可以通过上下文和词根词缀的功夫来猜测含义，提高阅读理解能力。
二、注意关键词在解答日语第二外语真题时，关键词的把握至关重要。
毕竟，细节决定成败。
通过准确识别和理解关键词，可以更好地理解问题和文章，帮助学习者找到正确答案。
例如，听力题目中出现了关键词“今晩、みなさん、いくら、すしやさん”，那么学习者可以判断这个问题是关于“今晚去寿司店吃什么”的询问。
在有限的时间内，学习者需要通过认真倾听和分析，找到正确的选项。
三、语法理解与应用日语考试中，语法理解与应用是解答问题的核心。
学习者需要熟练掌握日语的语法规则，理解不同句型的用法，并能够将其灵活运用在解答问题中。
举个例子，在翻译题目中，学习者需要准确翻译给定的句子或段落。
在此过程中，需要注意动词、名词、形容词等的词性和形态变化，正确使用助词和助动词，合理运用主谓宾结构以及其他语法规则，使翻译更加准确、自然。
四、积累常用表达要想在日语第二外语考试中更加得心应手，学习者需要积累一定数量的常用表达。
这些固定搭配、行业术语、多样化的句型等可以提高学习者的语言表达能力。
举个例子，在写作题目中，学习者需要根据给定的主题进行写作。
这时，可以利用积累的表达来丰富文章内容，使文章更具说服力和表达力。
2004年考研日语真题假名注音版
2004年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试日语试题 朗诵版明王道按：为方便亲们更好地理解真题，熟悉真题，特制作此朗诵版（假名注音）真题。
童鞋们，加油。
注音版包括04年-11年真题。
一 基礎知識２０世紀せいきの技術ぎじゅつは、それ以前いぜんの技術ぎじゅつとまったく異ことなるものである。
昔むかしの技術ぎじゅつは、アあートとという言葉ことばが示しめすように、その道みちの専門家せんもんかの直観ちょっかんと努力どりょくによって磨みがき抜ぬかれた技芸ぎげいであり、芸術げいじゅつに迫せまる何なにものかであったわけで、科学かがくとは何なんの関係かんけいもない（２１）であった。
ところが、 ２０世紀せいきにおける技術ぎじゅつは、「３４」科学かがくによって確立かくりつされた対象たいしょうについての法則ほうそくを、「３９」意図的いとてき、体系的たいけいてき、網羅的もうらてきに組くみ合あわせて用もちい、新あたらしいものを手当てあたり次第しだいに作つくり出だすというものである。
これが現代技術げんだいぎじゅつのもつ顕著けんちょな特色とくしょくである。
たとえば、科学かがくにおいては、１９３６年ねんに高分子合成工業こうぶんしごうせいこうぎょうが強力推進きょうりょくすいしんされ、新あたらしい物質ぶっしつが次々つぎつぎと作つくり出だされてきた。
新あたらしい薬品やくひんなども同様どうような考かんがえ方かた（２４）どんどん作つくられている。
宇宙科学うちゅうかがくも、１９５７年ねんのスプすぷートニクとにく以後いごの発展はってんは（２５）、今日きょうでは宇宙空間うちゅうくうかんに人ひとが住すむ場所ばしょを建設けんせつするというところ（２６）きている「３６」わけである。
原子力発展げんしりょくはってんは（２７）。
最近さいきんのもっとも注目ちゅうもくすべきことは、DNA ＤＮＡの存在そんざいの確認かくにんと、遺伝子いでんしとその意味いみの（２８）が進すすみ、多おおくの生物せいぶつの遺伝子構造いでんしこうぞうが明あきらかにされ初はじめていることである。
日本社会文化考研全国名校考研真题解析
日本社会文化考研全国名校考研真题解析1、北京第二外国语学院日本社会文化考研真题及详解（2014—2015）北京第二外国语学院2015年日本社会文化考研真题及详解考试科目：综合考试（日）一、填空，用中文或日文回答都可以。
（每空0.5分，共15分）1．日本的国土自北向南分成北海道、东北、关东、(1)、(2)、(3)、四国、九州8个地区，这不是行政区划，是根据产业和历史变迁而划分的。
【答案】中部、近畿、中国查看答案2．日本河流短，水量变化大，水流湍急，不利于发展水上交通运输。
最长的河流叫(4)，长度367公里。
【答案】信浓川查看答案3．日本近海有许多世界著名的渔场，其成因与周围的海流关系密切。
沿太平洋海岸北上的暖流(5)和南下的(6)相遇，沿日本海一侧北上的暖流(7)和寒流リマン海流相遇，具备了形成渔场的条件。
【答案】日本暖流、千岛寒流、对马暖流查看答案4．日本目前的执政党是由(8)、（9)联合执政。
【答案】自民党、公明党查看答案5．日本法院实行三审制，一审由(10)、二审由(11)审判。
内阁由(12)及其他国务大臣组成。
日本的选举根据《公职选举法》进行，一般分成国政选举和(13)。
【答案】地方法院、高等法院、内阁总理大臣、地方议会选举查看答案6．战后美国占领军在经济领域推行了民主化，同时实施了振兴经济政策，推动了日本经济发展走上轨道。
这些政策包括(14)、(15)。
其中(16)对日本重工业的发展发挥了重要作用。
【答案】解散财阀、农地改革、解散财阀查看答案7．所谓“平成不況”的特征表现为(17)、金融机关背负大量的(18)。
【答案】消费不景气、不良债权查看答案8.2015年是日本的平成(19)年。
【答案】27查看答案9．大相扑的等级叫“番付”，最高的地位是“横纲”。
十两以上的力士叫“关取”,“小结”、(20)、(21)叫“三役”。
【答案】关胁、大关查看答案10．日本社会治安好是因为有独特的(22)制度。
2004年日语能力测试语法真题解析
しゃべりもしないで／「しないで」表状态Βιβλιοθήκη ▲全句翻译：一言不发地回了家。
問題 V次の文の＿＿＿にはどんな言葉を入れたらよいか。1·2·3·4から昀も適当なものを一つ選びなさい。
（46） 私たちは、彼の突然の辞職に、戸惑いを＿＿＿。 1おぼえさせた 2余儀なくさせた 3感じきれなかった 4禁しえなかった
禁じえなかった／表示无法压抑某种心情“不由地”“不禁”
▲全句翻译：虽说是国际政治的专家，分析每日不断变化的世界形势也是很困难的。
（33） 著名な画家の行方不明になっていた作品が発見＿＿＿、非常に喜ばしいことだ。
1されたとは 2されては 3されるのには 4されるかどうか
されたとは／「とは」常与后面的「ことだ」搭配
▲全句翻译：著名作家不知去向的作品被发现了，实在是一件值得高兴的事。
▲全句翻译：可以让我把伞放在门那里吗？
（38） ウイルスの感染経路を明らかに＿＿＿調査が行われた。 1すまじと 2すべく 3するはおろか 4すべからず
すべく／「べく」意为“为了……”，而「すべく」则是「する＋べく」，可写为「すべく」或「するべく」
▲全句翻译：为查明病毒的感染途径进行了调查。
（39） カメラマンは自らの命も＿＿＿戦場に向かった。
願ってやまない／「やまない」前常接「祈る」「願う」「期待する」的「て」形，起强调作用。
▲全句翻译：不屈服于困难、不断努力的她真的是很出色。我衷心期盼着她的成功。
（58） 毎日遅くまで、必死に頑張る＿＿＿。そんなことをして、体をこわしては意味がない。 1べきだ 2つもりだ 3ことはない 4にちがいない
2004年语法真題解析.txt 問題Ⅳ 次の文の＿＿＿にばとんな言葉を入れたらよいか。1·2·3·4から昀も適当ななものを一つ選びなさい。 （26） 当社では学歴を＿＿＿多くの優秀な人材を集めるため、履歴書の学歴欄を廃止した。
2004年北京第二外国语学院二外法语真题及详解【圣才出品】
2004年北京第二外国语学院二外法语真题及详解Ⅰ. Choisissez parmi les mots proposés. ( 15 points)1. Paule voudrait savoir _____ vous voulez.A. queB. ce quiC. ce que【答案】C【解析】句意：保罗想知道您想要什么。
Ce qui在从句中作主语，ce que在从句中作宾语。
这里的ce充当的是从句中的先行词，且不能指人，只能指物。
因此，本题的正确答案为C。
2. La porte est fermée _____ le vent.A. deB. parC. à【答案】B【解析】句意：门被风吹得关上了。
被动语态中，由介词par或de引出施动者，其中表示情感或状态的动词由介词de引出施动者。
因此，本题的正确答案为B。
3. Qu’est-ce que tu feras _____ 10 ans ?A. dansB. aprèsC. en【答案】A【解析】句意：十年后你将做什么？dans+时间，表示“在……之后”；en+时间，表示“用了多久”；après表示“在……之后”，可以指空间，也可以指时间，但是要用10 ans après。
因此，本题的正确答案为A。
4. Vous pouvez m’appeler _____ 8 et 10 heures, je serai chez moi.A. àB. entreC. pendant【答案】B【解析】句意：您可以八点到十点给我打电话，我会在家里的。
entre可以表示位置，意为“在……之间”，entre也可以表示时间，表示“在……之间”。
因此，本题的正确答案为B。
5. Il a pu finir ce travail _____ 15 jours, et nous aussi !A. enB. dansC. depuis【答案】A【解析】句意：他可以用15天完成这项工作，我们也可以！en+时间，表示“用了多久”；dans+时间，表示“在……之后”；depuis+时间，表示“自……以来”。
2004年北京科技大学216法语二外考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2004年北京科技大学216法语二外考研真题及详解Ⅰ. Choisissez le mot de chaque groupe qui se prononce différemment: (5’)1. A. pinB. painC. pleinD. pleine【答案】D【解析】pin[ɛ]。
pain[ɛ]。
plein[ɛ]。
pleine[ɛ]。
因此，本题的正确答案为D。
2. A. GuyB. guerreC. gareD. geai【答案】D【解析】Guy[g]。
guerre[g]。
gare[g]。
geai[ʒ]。
因此，本题的正确答案为D。
3. A. dansB. dentC. tempsD. dinde【答案】D【解析】dan s[ã]。
den t[ã]。
tem ps[ã]。
dinde[ɛ]。
因此，本题的正确答案为D。
4. A. rivièreB. cinémaC. fêteD. veste【答案】B【解析】rivière[ɛ]。
cinéma[e]。
fête[ɛ]。
veste[ɛ]。
因此，本题的正确答案为B。
5. A. fenêtreB. leC. maintenantD. lever【答案】C【解析】fe nêtre[ə]。
le[ə]。
lever[ə]。
Maintenant中间的e不发音。
因此，本题的正确答案为C。
6. A. merB. allerC. lesD. chez【答案】A【解析】mer[ɛ]。
aller[e]。
les[e]。
chez[e]。
因此，本题的正确答案为A。
7. A. porteB. écoleC. potD. bol【答案】C【解析】porte[ɔ]。
éc ole[ɔ]。
pot[o]。
bol[ɔ]。
因此，本题的正确答案为C。
8. A. chatB. cherC. ChristD. Chinois【答案】C【解析】chat[∫]。
北京第二外国语学院《综合考试(日)》考研真题笔记及参考书
北京第二外国语学院《综合考试（日）》考研真题笔记及参考书北京第二外国语学院攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试《综合考试（日）》考试大纲一、适用的招生专业日语语言文学专业二、考试的基本要求本考试大纲作为日语语言文学专业硕士研究生考试综合日语的考试大纲。
要求学生对日本文学、日本概况、翻译三方面的语言运用能力以及相关知识的掌握能力达到一定的水平和高度。
三、试卷结构总分：150分（日本文学30分；日本概况50；翻译70分）题型：1，日本文学：选择题、判断题、作品阅读理解题。
2，日本概况：填空、解释名词、简述题、综合概述题。
3，翻译：文章翻译（日翻中、中翻日两部分）。
四、考试的主要内容与要求（一）日本文学主要内容：中外文学的基础知识、日本文学常识的内容、具体的作品分析。
要求：1.要求考生具备世界文学基础知识，同时对于日本文学史要有一个比较全面的了解，要有一定的文学作品赏析能力。
2.能够对日本文学作品进行适当分析，给予评价。
（二）日本概况主要内容：日本的地理、历史、政治、经济、社会、文化、科学技术、军事外交、观光等方面。
要求：对日本的历史、社会、文化、政治、经济等诸多领域有较为全面地掌握和理解，具备日本各个领域的基础知识以及相关知识，具有较强的思辨能力以及综述能力。
对日本社会结构、文化特质有较全面的知识水准和认识。
（三）翻译主要内容：日本的新闻报道、时事文章等应用文的翻译；文学翻译；社科类文章的翻译。
包括中翻日、日翻中两大部分。
要求：要求学生能够达到较高的语言理解能力，能够运用常规手段或变通手段等翻译方法以及加译、顺译、倒译、分译、合译、简译、意译、变译、反译等翻译技巧忠实地表达原文的真实意义和风格。
掌握中日语言中词语、句型、句式、修辞和文体等的异同、具有较好的中日语言的运用能力和表达能力。
五、主要参考书目1.《汉日翻译教程》苏琦商务印书馆重排版，2008.102.《日本概况》江新兴等旅游教育出版社，2007.43.《新综合国语便览》(日)三好行雄等编东京，第一学习社，1978北京第二外国语学院攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试《基础日语》考试大纲一、适用的招生专业日语语言文学专业二、考试的基本要求本考试大纲作为考察考生是否具备攻读日语语言文学专业硕士研究生的日语水平的考试大纲，需要考生在日语音韵、语法、词汇、文字等方面的知识掌握和运用能力达到一定的水平和高度，要求考生在一定的时间内，在不参阅任何工具书的情况下独立完成答卷。
北京第二外国语学院(已有10试题)
北京第二外国语学院美学（无此试卷）比较文学与世界文学（无此试卷）英语语言文学日语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）法语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）俄语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）德语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）西班牙语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）基础英语1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）综合考试（英1）（含英美文学、英美概况、语言学）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）[说明：其中英美文学部分试卷有：1998——2023年年，英美文学部分答案有：2001——2023年年；英美概况部分试卷有：1998——2023年年，英美概况部分答案有：2000——2023年年；语言学部分试卷惟独2001，2003——2023年年，语言学部分答案有：2001，2003——2023年年]综合考试（英2）（含经贸翻译、英美概况、国际贸易）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）[说明：经贸翻译部分试卷有：1998——2023年年，经贸翻译部分答案有：2001——2023年年；英美概况部分试卷有：1998——2023年年，英美概况部分答案有：2000——2023年年；国际贸易部分试卷有：1998——2023年年，国际贸易部分答案有：2003——2023年年]翻译1997（1997有答案）综合考试（现代汉语部分）1998——2002（2000——2002有答案）跨文化学（专业知识）1998，2001（2001有答案）美国研究1999——2001第 1 页/共 5 页英语写作1998——2001（2000有答案）应用英语（英文写作）2001应用英语（英语语言文学专业国际经济合作方向）2001应用英语（专业英语）2001英美文学2000——2002（2000——2002有答案）英美文学专业知识考试1998经济学原理1999俄语语言文学英语（二外）1998——1999，2002——2023年年（2002——2023年年有答案）日语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）法语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）德语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）西班牙语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）法语语言文学英语（二外）1998——1999，2002——2023年年（2002——2023年年有答案）德语语言文学英语（二外）1998——1999，2002——2023年年（2002——2023年年有答案）日语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）法语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）俄语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）西班牙语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）日语语言文学英语（二外）1998——1999，2002——2023年年（2002——2023年年有答案）法语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）俄语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）德语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）西班牙语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）基础日语1998——1999，2002——2023年年（2002——2023年年有答案）日语（专业）1998——1999，2002（2002有答案）专业日语（日本文学史）2004答案综合考试（日）（含日本文学、日本概况、翻译）2023年年——2023年年（2023年年——2023年年有答案）综合考试（日本概况）1998——1999，2002——2003（2002——2003有答案）综合考试（日本文学史）1998——1999，2002——2003（2002——2003有答案）综合考试（日语翻译部分）2003——2023年年（2004——2023年年有答案）阿拉伯语言文学英语（二外）1998——1999，2002——2023年年（2002——2023年年有答案）日语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）法语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）俄语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）德语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）西班牙语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）外国语言学及应用语言学英语（二外）1998——1999，2002——2023年年（2002——2023年年有答案）日语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）法语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）俄语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）德语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）西班牙语（二外）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）基础英语1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）综合考试（英1）（含英美文学、英美概况、语言学）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）[说明：其中英美文学部分试卷有：1998——2023年年，第 3 页/共 5 页英美文学部分答案有：2001——2023年年；英美概况部分试卷有：1998——2023年年，英美概况部分答案有：2000——2023年年；语言学部分试卷惟独2001，2003——2023年年，语言学部分答案有：2001，2003——2023年年]综合考试（英2）（含经贸翻译、英美概况、国际贸易）1998——2023年年（2000——2023年年有答案）[说明：经贸翻译部分试卷有：1998——2023年年，经贸翻译部分答案有：2001——2023年年；英美概况部分试卷有：1998——2023年年，英美概况部分答案有：2000——2023年年；国际贸易部分试卷有：1998——2023年年，国际贸易部分答案有：2003——2023年年]翻译1997（1997有答案）综合考试（现代汉语部分）1998——2002（2000——2002有答案）跨文化学（专业知识）1998，2001（2001有答案）美国研究1999——2001英语写作1998——2001（2000有答案）应用英语（英文写作）2001应用英语（英语语言文学专业国际经济合作方向）2001应用英语（专业英语）2001英美文学2000——2002（2000——2002有答案）英美文学专业知识考试1998经济学原理1999国际贸易学国际贸易与国际金融2023年年——2023年年（2023年年——2023年年有答案）国际贸易理论与实务1998——2003（2003有答案）经济学原理1999企业管理管理学综合（企业管理专业）2023年年——2023年年（2023年年——2023年年有答案）管理学综合2023年年（2023年年有答案）管理学原理2000——2002经济学原理1999旅游管理管理学综合（旅游管理专业）2023年年——2023年年（2023年年——2023年年有答案）管理学综合2023年年（2023年年有答案）管理学原理2000——2002旅游管理2004——2023年年（2023年年有答案）旅游经济学1998——1999，2003旅游学概论2000旅游专业综合考试2001——2003经济学原理1999第 5 页/共 5 页。
2004 北京第二外国语学院----综合英语
北京第二外国语学院2004年硕士研究生入学考试考试科目：综合考试(英美文学) 满分：40分考试说明：请将答案直接写在试卷上总分阅卷人I. Fill in the blanks with proper information (10 points):1.The Renaissance period in which Shakespeare wrote his poems and plays is generally known as ______________in the history of England.2. The novel of Waiter Scott that deals with a stage of English history, covering the days after the Norman Conquest, is .3. John Milton’s is a poetical drama modeled on the Greek tragedy, which takes its story from the Old Testament of the Bible.4. The rising of the naturalistic novel was influenced mainly by Taine’s application of deterministic theories to literature, Comte’s application of sci entific ideas to the study of society, and .5. A line of verse that ends on a stressed syllable, as any regular iambic line does, is called ending.6. The publication of the Lyrical Ballads in the year of marked the beginning of the Romantic period of English literature.7. The first major, self-conscious literary movement of American black writers after the First World War is known as .8. Falstaff is a comic character that first appeared in .9. Henry James sought perfection in his style and technique. He made various experiments in novel writing. In addition to an abundant production of fiction, he wrote a theoretical book on fiction, which is named . .10. William Faulkner’s novel The Sound and the Fury employs the technique of and introduces us to the Compson family through the mind of the idiot Benjy.II. Read the following excerpts and identify the author (full name) and work respectively (10 points):1. Two roads diverged in a yellow wood.And sorry I could not travel both.And be one traveler, long I stoodAnd looked down one as far as I couldTo where it bent in the undergrowth;Author: Work:2. The grass-plot before the jail, in Prison Lane, on a certain summer morning, not less than two centuries ago, was occupied by a pretty large number of the inhabitants of Boston; all with their eyes intensely fastened on the iron-clamped oaken door. Among any other population, or at a later period in the history of New England, the grim rigidity that petrified the bearded physiognomies of these good people would have augured some awful business in hand.Author: Work:3. Thus consciousness does make cowards of us all;And thus the native hue of resolutionIs sicklied o’er with the pale cast of thought,And enterprises of great pitch and momentAnd lose the name of action.Author: Work:4. April is the cruelest month, breedingLilacs out of the dead land, mixingMemory and desire, stirringDull roots with spring rain.Winter kept us warm, coveringEarth in forgetful snow, feedingA little life with dried tubers.Summer surprised us, ...Author: Work:5. “What is it, Angel?” she said starting up. “Have they come for me?”“Yes, dearest,” he said. “They have come.”“I t is as it should be!” she murmured. “Angel--I am almost glad--yes, glad! This happiness could not have lasted--it was too much--I have had enough; and now I shall not live for you to despise me.”She stood up, shook herself, and went forward, neither of the men having moved. “I am ready,”she said quietly.Author: Work:Ⅲ. Analyze the following poem by William Wordsworth and elucidate how it illustrates Romanticism in poetic creation (20 points):I Wandered Lonely as a CloudI wondered lonely as a cloudThat floats on high o’er vales and hills,When all at once I saw a crowd,A host, of daffodils;Beside the lakes, beneath the trees,Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.Continuous as the stars that shineAnd twinkle on the milky way,They stretched in never-ending lineAlong the margin ora bay:Ten thousand saw I at a glance,Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.The waves beside them danced; but theyOutdid the sparkling waves in glee;A poet could not but be gay.In such a jocund company;What wealth the show to me had brought:For oft, when on my couch I lieIn vacant or in pensive mood,They flash upon that inward eyeWhich is the bliss of solitude;And then my heart with pleasure fills,And dances with the daffodils.北京第二外国语学院2004年硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试科目：英语综合试卷(语言学部分) 满分：30分考试说明：请将答案直接写在试卷上I. Complete each of the following statements. (5)1. Consonant articulations are relatively easy to feel, and as a result are most conveniently described in terms of____________ and manner of articulation.2. transcription should transcribe all the possible speech sounds, including the minute shades.3. The sound［b］can be described with “bilabial, stop”.4. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called .5. An approach in linguistic study which attempts to lay down rules of correctness as to how language should be used is .II. Choose a, b or c for each blank. (5)1. When the word “root” means “part of plant that keeps it firmly in the soil and abso rbs water and food from the soil”, the meaning is meaning.a. connotativeb. conceptualc. reflected2. Of the three cavities, is the most variable and active in amplifying and modifying speech sounds.a. nasal cavityb. pharynx cavityc. oral cavity3. refers to the relation holding between elements replaceable with each other at particular place in structure, or between one element present and the others absent.a. Syntagmatic relationb. Paradigmatic relationc. Co-occurrence relation4. All syllables contain a .a. nucleusb. codac. onset5. The sense relationship between “John plays the piano” and “John plays a musical instrument” is.a. synonymyb. antonymyc. entailmentIII. Fulfill the following requirements. (12)1. Distinguish the two possible meanings of “more beautiful flowers” by means of IC analysis.(4)2. Tell whether each of the underlined part is endocentric or exocentric .(4)the politician who often lies the issue of great moment He will be arriving soon. The house fell into disrepair.3. There are several kinds of antonymy. Classify the following pairs of antonyms into three types such as complementary, gradable, and converse. (4)husband—wife dead—alive odd—even generous—stingy1. Why is it difficult to define language?2. How do you understand “displacement”, a design f eature of language?北京第二外国语学院2004年硕士研究生入学考试试卷考试科目：综合考试(英美概况) 满分：40分考试说明：请将答案直接写在试卷上．总分阅卷人: Instructions：Y ou are required to answer all the following questions in English.I. Explain the following (10％)1. the Pilgrims2. Boston Tea PartyⅡ. Choose the correct answer in each of the following (15％)1 .How many continental states were there at the time of independence of the United States ?A. 35.B. 13.C. 48.D.502. Which of the following was the last continental state added to the Union?A. Kentucky.B. Pennsylvania.C. Arizona.D. Alaska.3. Which of the following is not a New England state?A. Connecticut.B. New York State.C. New Hampshire.D. Vermont.4. Which of the following is not in New York City?A. Hollywood.B. Broadway.C. Rockefeller Center.D. Harlem.5. How many states are referred to as the mid-Atlantic states?A. 6.B. 5.C. I1.D. 4.Ⅲ.Answer the following question (15%)Explain the characteristics of the uniformity in American culture and give your own evaluation.北京第二外国语学院2004年硕士研究生入学考试试卷(A卷)考试科目：翻译总分：40分一、英译汉(20分)Directions: Translate the following two paragraphs into Chinese, provide your translation below the original text. The time for this section is 20 minutes.On LifeThe most refined abstractions of logic conduct to a view of life, which, though startling to the apprehension, is, in fact. that which the habitual sense of its repeated combinations has extinguished in us. It stripes, as it were. the painted curtain from this scene of things. I confess that I am one of those who am unable to refuse my assent to the conclusions of those philosophers who assert that nothing exists but as it is perceived.It is a decision against which all our persuasions struggle, and we must be long convicted before we can be convinced that the solid universe of external things is“such stuff as dreams are made of”. The shocking absurdities of the popular philosophy of mind and matter, its fatal consequences in morals, and their violent dogmatism concerning the source of all things, had early conducted me to materialism.二、汉译英(20分)Directions: Translate the underlined parts of the following into English. Write your translation below the original text. The time for this section is 20 minutes.合作的利己主义合作，任何形式的合作．都具有一定意义上的竞争。
北京第二外国语学院1999年日本概况专业课考研真题试卷
北京第二外国语学院1999年日本概况专业课考研真题试卷一、填空（每空0.5分共10分）1、日本的山脉主要集中在本州岛中部、并且东北西南走向居多,其中由_____被称作的飞弹山的木曾山的赤石山组成了_____。
2、日本四周环海，在太平洋沿岸。
暖流黑潮北上，寒流亲潮（千岛寒流）南下。
这两个海流夏天在_____。
冬天在_____相遇。
形成世界闻名的渔场。
3、日本人信仰宗教出较普遍。
主要宗教育有_____。
佛教和_____。
4、日本的传统家庭一般被称作_____。
战后发展迅速并成为今日家庭主流的家庭被和做_____。
5、在日本的学校教育。
特别是初等教育（小学，中学）中的_____问题和_____问题相当严重。
6、如果把50-70年代日本经济发展称作高速成经济成长期的话,那么日本经济在80年代后期是处于_____。
但是90年代初期由于所谓的_____的崩溃，从此日本经济陷入了极端困难的境地。
7、1947年5月3日实施的“日本国宪法”。
规定日本为_____政体。
议会、内阁和_____一起构成国家机构的主要部分。
8、日本政府努力促进出贸易的同时，也向国外进行资本投资。
日本政府的_____。
主要向对象国提供资金帮助、技术帮助、日元借款。
使日本成为世界上最大的援助国。
9、到1985年为止共在日本举办了3次世界博览会，它们分别是：1970年3月举办的__________。
10、1969年东京一名古屋段高速公路通车，称作_____，共346公里。
二、名词解释（每题3分，共15分）1、“一亿总中流”意识2、寺子屋3、“55年体制”4、“教育妈妈”5、“国民收入倍增计划”三、简述战后日本对外政策的变化（5分）四、阐述战后日本经济高速发展的原因（10分）。
2004 年考研日语(203)真题 全文本翻译
一 基础知识 20 世纪的技术与以往的技术完全不同，过去的技术，正像 art 这个词所表示的那样，它 是某个领域的专家，通过自身的直觉和努力而练就的一种技艺，是一种接近艺术的东西，是 与科学没有任何关系的。但是，20 世纪的技术，是将与科学确立的对象相关的法则，有意 识的，成体系的，成网络的组合利用，从而不断创造出新事物。这是现代技术的一个显著特 色。比如，在化学方面，自 1936 年高分子的构造被明确，根据这一理论，尼龙被发明以后， 高分子合成工业得到了强有力的推进， 新的物质被接连不断地创造出来。 新药品也以同样的 方式被接二连三地造出来。继 1957 年卫星之后，宇宙科学的发展也很显著，直至今天人们 甚至要在宇宙空间里建设自己的住所。核电的发展就更不用说了。 最近最应注目的是 DNA 的存在的明确，遗传基因及其意义的研究的发展，很多生物的 基因构造开始被明确。于是，遗传基因工程学领域形成。通过转基因等，合成新型蛋白质， 开始进入生命信息科学时代。就像过去半个世纪，科技创造了为数众多的新物质那样，遗传 基因工程学就这样正在不断创造出很多新生物。 如此看来，现在的科技几乎所有领域，都相继由分析时代进入一个综合时代。所以，如 果说 20 世纪叫做科学时代的话，那么 21 世纪叫做综合中心的科技时代是没错的。 但是，一个很大的问题在此浮现了出来。到目前为止的科学，一直是在对神所创造的这 个地球和自然，以及存在于这个地球上的事物进行观察和理解。限于此，科学是谦虚的，是 价值中立的。但是，今天我们人类掌握了从前只有神才能掌握的创造世间万物的秘密，没有 原则的将所有法则组合利用， 只要有能力做的， 都去做一下， 不断随意创造出新事物。 并且， 这些新事物对于地球，自然，生物及人类来说，肯定并不完全都是好的。即使一眼望去看似 很好的东西，从长远来看，也会带来很多严重的问题。 二 A 1 最近，各种各样国家上的地域上的交流都很兴盛，体验异域文化的机会虽然增加了， 但体验异域文化的的实质到底是怎么一回事呢？其一就是，可以体验不一样的空间和时间。 异域的空间，理所当然指的就是与我们所处空间和文化方面的不同，这个很容易理解，而异 域的时间，意思是，在时差的认识和感觉上有不同的地方。 在这里，举一个异域时间的例子，来思考下“黄昏”这个时间。黄昏，就是一天中的白 天结束后，还没有进入夜晚的间隔，一定阶段的时间。而工作间歇的休息，相当于工作和私 人的分界线。比如，在欧洲的一些酒店中，会设定一个舒缓的时间，一到了黄昏，就会在大 厅之类的地方，演奏起钢琴，使大家好好地准备就餐。在亚洲，有些人会在下班之后，在晚 餐前去寺庙参拜，上供些花、水之类。如果接触到这样的黄昏时刻，总会让人感到一种安心 的感觉。 与此相对的是，我们的现代社会，时间完全都被连绵不休的工作给覆盖了，早上起床到 晚上睡觉，基本上没有一个时间的分界线。最终，由于没有一个在日常时间中产生分界线的 结构， 整个社会变得都没有一点悠闲了。 因此， 欧洲酒店和亚洲社会中， 度过悠然舒缓的 “黄 昏” ，在工作和私人时间找到一个间隔，心情会变得安心而充实。也就是说，我们在接触到 了异域的时间以后，可以重新审视工作所占据我们日常生活的时间，舒展紧张的内心。在日 本， 虽然过去也有时间充当分界线， 但是在近代化和都市化的进程中， 几乎都丢失了。 现在， 有时在异域文化中，会重新发现我们的文化中丢失的东西，比如像时间的间隔。 体验异域文化的意义就在于，通过它，我们可以发现在自己文化当中所失去的东西，并