2014华师词汇学练习测试题库

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英语词汇学英语词汇学习题1及答案

试题一第一部分选择题I. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1.In Old English there was _______ agreement between sound form.A. moreB. littleC. lessD. gradual2.Both LDCE and CCELD are _______.A. general dictionariesB. monolingual dictionariesC. both A and BD. neither A and B3.The word "MINISKIRT" is _______.A. morphologically motivatedB. etymologically motivatedC. semantically motivatedD. none of the above4.The most important way of vocabulary development in present-day English is _______.A. borrowingB. semantic changeC. creation of new wordsD. all the above5.Generalization is a process by which a word that originally had a specialized meaning has now become ________.A. generalizedB. expandedC. elevatedD. degraded6.Some morphemes have _______ as they are realized by more than one morph according to their position in word.A. alternative morphsB. single morphsC. abstract unitsD. discrete units7.Old English vocabulary was essentially _______ with a number of borrowings from Latin and Scandinavian.A. ItalicB. GermanicC. CelticD. Hellenicpounds are different from free phrases in all the following ways EXCEPT _______.A. semanticsB. grammarC. phoneticsD. lexicology9.If two main constituents of an idiom share the same initial sound, it is called _______.A. repetitionB. alliterationC. rhymeD. none of the above10.Which of the following words is a functional word?A. OftenB. NeverC. AlthoughD. Desk11.Rhetorical features are shown in such respects of phonetic and lexical manipulation as well as _______.A. semantic unityB. structural stabilityC. idiomatic variationD. figure of speech12.The advantage of classifying idioms according to grammatical functions is to _______.A. use idioms correctly and appropriatelyB. understand idioms correctlyC. remember idioms quicklyD. try a new method of classification13.Borrowing as a source of homonymy in English can be illustrated by _______.A. long（not short）B. ball（a dancing party）C. rock（rock'n'roll）D. ad（advertisement）14.The change of word meaning is brought about by the following internal factors EXCEPT _______.A. the influx of borrowingB. repetitionC. analogyD. shortening15.Which of the following is NOT a component of linguistic context?A. Words and phrases.B. SentencesC. Text or passageD. Time and place第二部分非选择题II. Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to thecourse book.（10%）16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and ___________________.17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150is called _________________.ELD is a ________________ dictionary.19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river",the word "mouth" is _________________ motivated.20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is ________________ context.Ⅲ. Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according to1)types of meaning changes;2)types of meaning;3)language branches and 4)meaning and context.（10%）A B21.Scandinavian（） l（place where things are made）22.Germanic（） B.grammatical23.extension（） C.double meaning24.narrowing（） D.Swedish25.linguistic（） prehend/understand26.ambiguity（） F.Dutch27.participants（）G.degermined28.difference in denotation（）H.pigheaded29.appreciative（）I.non-linguistic30.pejorative（）J.iron（a device for smoothing clothes）Ⅳ. Study the following words or expressions and identify 1）types of bound morphemes underlined, and 2）types of word formation or prefixes.（10%）31.predict（）32.motel（）33.potatoes（）34.blueprint（）35.preliminaries（）36.Southward（）37.demilitarize（）38.hypersensityve（）39.retell（）40.multi-purposes（）Ⅴ.Define the following terms.（10%）41.acronymy42.native words43.elevation44.stylistic meaning45.monolingral dictionaryⅥ.Answer the following questions. Y our answers should the clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（12%）46.How many types of motivation are there in English? Give ONE example for each type.47.What are the major sources of English synonyms? Illustrate your points.48.What are the clues generally provided in verbal context?Ⅶ.Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（18%）49.analyze the morphological structures of following words and point out the types of the morphemes.Recollection, nationalist, unearthly50.Pick out the idioms in the following extract and explain its origin and the effect of using this form."Well, it's the old story of the stitch in time," he said.参考答案Ⅰ.(3%)1.A2.C3.A4.C5.A6.A7.B8.D9.B10.C11.D12.A13.B14.B15.DⅡ.(10%)16.transfer17.OLD English18.monolingual19.semantically20.extralinguistic/non-linguisticⅢ.(10%)21.D22.F23.A24.J25.B26.C27.I28.E29.G30.HⅣ.(10%)31.bound root32.（head+tail）blinding33.inflectional affix/morpheme34.a+n35.full conversion36.suffix37.reversative prefix38.prefix of degree39.prefix40.number prefixⅤ.(10%)41.The process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms.42.Native words, also known as Anglo-Saxon words, are words brought to Britian in the 5th century by the Germanic tribes.43.The process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.44.The distinctive stylistic features of words which make them appropriate for different context.45.A dictionary written in one language, or a dictionary in which entries are defined in the same language.Ⅵ.(12%)46.There are four types of motivation:1）Onomatopoeic motivation, e.g. cuckoo, squeak, quack, etc.2）Morphological motivation, e.g. airmail, reading-lamp, etc.3）Semantic motivation, e.g. the mouth of the river, the foot of the mountain, etc.4）Etymological motivation, e.g. pen, laconic, etc.47.Key points:borrowing; dialects and regional English; figurative and euphemistic use of words; coincidence withidiomatic expressions.48.Key points:definition; explanation; example; synonymy; antonymy; hyponymy; relevant details and word structure.Ⅶ.(18)49.1）Each of the three words consists of three morphemes, recollection（re+collect+ion）,nationalist（nation+al+ist）,unearthly（un+earth+ly）.2）Of the nine morphemes, only "collect","nation" and "earth" are free morphemes as they can exist by themselves.3）All the rest re-,-ion,-al,-ist,un- and -ly are bound as none of them can stand alone as words. 50.1）the stitch in time ----- a stitch in time saves nine（3分）2）proverbs are concise, forcible and thought-provoking（1分）3）using an old saying is more persuasive（2分）4）the short form saves time, more colloquial（2分）5）indicates intimacy or close relationship（1分）。

词汇学试题及答案

词汇学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学是研究语言中词汇的科学，它主要研究的是语言中的（）。

A. 词汇的构成B. 词汇的意义C. 词汇的运用D. 词汇的演变答案：A2. 下列哪一项不是词汇学的研究内容？（）A. 词义的演变B. 词义的分类C. 词义的辨析D. 语法规则答案：D3. 词汇学中，词素是指（）。

A. 构成词的基本单位B. 词的发音单位C. 词的书写单位D. 词的意义单位答案：A4. 在词汇学中，语义场是指（）。

A. 词义的分类B. 词义的演变C. 词义的辨析D. 一组词义相关的词答案：D5. 词汇学研究中，同义词是指（）。

A. 意义完全相同的词B. 意义相近的词C. 形式相同的词D. 用法相同的词答案：B6. 下列哪一项不是词汇学中词义的分类？（）A. 抽象意义B. 具体意义C. 语法意义D. 色彩意义答案：C7. 词汇学中，词义的演变通常包括（）。

A. 词义的扩大B. 词义的缩小C. 词义的转移D. 以上都是答案：D8. 词汇学中，词义的辨析主要研究的是（）。

A. 词与词之间的联系B. 词与词之间的差异C. 词与词之间的相似性D. 词与词之间的对立答案：B9. 在词汇学中，词义的模糊性是指（）。

A. 词义的不确定性B. 词义的明确性C. 词义的多重性D. 词义的单一性答案：A10. 词汇学中，词义的多义性是指（）。

A. 一个词有多种意义B. 一个词只有一种意义C. 一个词的意义是固定的D. 一个词的意义是单一的答案：A二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. 词汇学中的词素是指构成词的________。

答案：基本单位2. 语义场是指一组________的词。

答案：词义相关3. 同义词是指意义________的词。

答案：相近4. 词义的演变包括词义的________、________和________。

答案：扩大、缩小、转移5. 词义的辨析主要研究的是词与词之间的________。

《英语词汇学》练习测试题集及答案

华中师范大学网络教育学院《词汇学》练习测试题及答案本科I. Decide whether the statements are true or false and write T (true) or F (false) in the correspondibrackets. （每题一分） ( ) 1. “All national character ” is the most important of all the five characteristics of the basic word stock. ( ) 2. By origin, English words can be classified as “native words ” and “loan words ”. ( ) 3. The languages (Norwegian, German, Dutch, Danish, Swedish) all belong to Germanic Family excepNorwegian. ( ) 4. Old English vocabulary is full of endings. ( ) 5. Allomorphs are phonological variants which realize morphemes. ( ) 6. Inflectional morphemes are added to the end of words to show grammatical concepts. ( ) 7. The most productive means of word-formation is affixation. ( ) 8. Acronyms are words of initial letters, which are pronounced letter by letter. ( ) 9. Reference refers to the relationship between different languages. ( ) 10. Grammatical meaning refers to the part of the word-meaning which indicates grammatical concepts. ( ) 11. In the process of “Radiation Radiation”” the derived meanings of words are not directly related to the primarymeaning. ( ) 12. The diachronic approach to polysemy is to find how a word gradually acquires its meanings in process of development. ( ) 13. When a word changes from a specific to a general meaning, it goes through extension of meaning.( ) 14. “meat meat”” is an example of narrowing of meaning. ( ) 15. “teacher teacher”” and “student student”” are converses. ( ) 16. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym. ( ) 17. Meaning is a relatively stable element in a language compared with spelling. ( ) 18. The changes of meaning are caused by both linguistic and extra-linguistic factors. ( ) 19. Extra-linguistic context refers to factors beyond language. ( ) 20. Linguistic context provides clues for guessing meanings of new words. ( ) ) 21. 21. 21. Idioms Idioms Idioms are are are phrases phrases phrases and and and short short short sentences sentences sentences the the the meanings meanings meanings of of of which which which are are are not not not easy easy easy to to to infer infer infer from from from the the constituents in most cases. ( ) 22. Idioms can be classified in different ways but the classification according to grammatical function the most helpful way. ( ) 23. Commonization involves proper nouns used as common words. ( ) 24. In some pairs of antonyms, the marked terms cover the meaning of the unmarked. ( ) 25. Variations of idioms are the idioms whose forms are modified. ( ) 26. Non-basic vocabulary includes terminology, Anglo-Saxon words, argot and neologisms. ( ) 27. Aliens, semantic loans, translation-loans and denizens are all borrowings. ( ) 28. The three sources of new words are creation, semantic change and borrowing. ( ) 29. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language. ( ) 30. The minimal free form of a language is a morpheme. ( ) 31. Derivational morphemes are used to form new words. ( ) 32. Compounding involves the combination of affixes and bases. ( ) 33. Partial conversion is a process of using adjectives as ordinary nouns. ( ) 34. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning. ( ) ) 35. 35. 35. Associative Associative Associative meaning meaning meaning consists consists consists of of of connotative connotative connotative meaning, meaning, meaning, stylistic stylistic stylistic meaning, meaning, meaning, affective affective affective meaning meaning meaning and and emotive meaning. ( ) 36. Polysemy is concerned with words of more than one meaning. ( ) 37. The most important source of English synonyms is shortening. ( ) 38. Associated transfer involves words used in their figurative sense. ( ) 39. Objective meaning shows that the subject (or agent) is the one to be affected by the action overb. ( ) 40. Complementaries are antonyms characterized by “mutual exclusion ” and “gradability gradability””. ( ) 41. The superordinate term covers the concept of the subordinate. ( ) 42. Elevation is also known as amelioration. ( ) 43. “villain villain”” is an example of degradation. ( ) 44. Linguistic context refers to the words, clauses, sentences, paragraphs and even cultural background. ( ) 45. Ambiguity is often caused by inadequate context. ( ) 46. Idioms are generally informal in nature. ( ) 47. Structurally, idioms can never be changed. ( ) ) 48. 48. 48. The The The four four four major major major foreign foreign foreign contributors contributors contributors to to to the the the development development development of of of English English English vocabulary vocabulary vocabulary are are are Latin, Latin, Latin, Greek, Greek, French and Scandinavian. ( ) 49. Relative synonyms may differ in denotation, connotation and application. ( )50. The contemporary vocabulary expansion of English is mainly by borrowing and affixation. ( ) 51. Old English refers to the language used between 100 and 450. ( ) 52. “Radiation” shows that the derived meanings of a polysemant are not directly related to the prim ary meaning. ( ) 53. The connection between sound and meaning is conventional and arbitrary. ( ) 54. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym. ( ) 55. Content words are numerous and more frequently used than functional words on average. ( ) 56. Extra-linguistic context refers to the physical situation or cultural background. ( ) 57. During the Middle English period, Celtic, Latin and English existed side by side. ( ) 58. Inadequate context is often the cause of ambiguity. ( ) 59. Compounding is the process of creating new words by combining affixes and bases. ( )60. In some pairs of antonyms, one term may cover the meaning of the other word. ( )61. In a natural language, most words are non-motivated. ( )62. Inflectional affixes are grammatical markers. ( )63. Concept and sense mean the same and thus are interchangeable. ( )64. A form to which an affix of any kind can be added is called a stem. ( )65. Contradictory terms are non-gradable. ( )66. Acronyms are words of initial letters which are pronounced as common words. ( )67. Grammatical meaning refers to part of speech, tenses of verbs, stylistic features of words and so on. ( )68. What remains of a word after the removal of all affixes is a stem. ( )69. Affective meaning indicates the attitude of the user, whether positive or negative. ( )70. The connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generally found in the dictionary. ( )71. )71. Idioms Idioms Idioms are are are set set set phrases phrases phrases whose whose whose meaning meaning meaning is is is often often often difficult difficult difficult or or or impossible impossible impossible to to to infer infer infer from from from the the the constituent constituent words. ( )72. In modern times, vocabulary develops mainly by means of changing meanings of old words. ( )73. Most of the newly created words are associated with the change of life style and society. ( )74. Homographs are words identical in form but different in pronunciation. ( ) 75. Homonyms come mainly from borrowing —the most important source. ( ) 76. Middle English lasted for more than four hundred years. ( ) 77. Borrowing has brought most synonyms to the English language. ( ) 78. The characteristics of the basic word stock include all national character, denizens and productivity. ( ) 79. The superordinate differs from the subordinate in that the former covers the concept of the latter. ( ) 80. Words of old English were full of endings. ( ) 81. The way to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is mainly to see their origins as well as sense relatedness. ( ) 82. Modern English is an analytic language. ( ) 83. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion. ( ) ) 84. 84. 84. Denizens Denizens Denizens are are are words words words which which which were were were borrowed borrowed borrowed from from from other other other languages languages languages but but but later later later became became became assimilated assimilated assimilated into into into the the the English English language. ( ) 85. Lexical context refers to the words that appear only before the lexical item in question. ( ) 86. Generally speaking, native words have a higher frequency of use than loan words. ( ) 87. Reference refers to the relationship between the linguistic symbols and the objective world. ( ) 88. Free morphemes are morphemes which alone can be used as words. ( ) 89. Context gives a polysemic word a definite meaning. ( ) 90. Half-converted adjectives are used as common nouns while full-converted ones still retain adjective features. ( ) 91. Motivation explains why a particular word of a language has a particular meaning. ( ) 92. By origin English is more closely related to German than to French. ( ) 93. Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate. ( ) 94. Prefixes do not generally change part of speech whereas suffixes do. ( ) 95. In the phrase “the tongues of fire”, the word fire is semantically motivated. ( ) 96. The origins of words are a key factor that distinguishes homonyms from polysemants. ( ) 97. The objective meaning implies that the subject of the sentence is the one affected by the action. ( ) 98. The meaning of a word which is etymologically motivated is closely related to its origin. ( ) 99. The result of the human cognition of the objective world is called concept. ( )100. Borrowing has brought most synonyms to the English language. ( )101)101. “Radiation” shows that the derived meanings of a polysemant are not directly related to the prima . “Radiation” shows that the derived meanings of a polysemant are not directly related to the primameaning. ( )102. The connection between sound and meaning is conventional and arbitrary. ( )103. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym. ( )104. Content words are numerous and more frequently used than functional words on average. ( ) 105. The characteristics of the basic word stock include all national character, denizens and productivity. ( ) 106. During the Middle English period, Celtic, Latin and English existed side by side. ( ) 107. Inadequate context is often the cause of ambiguity. ( ) 108. The way to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is mainly to see their origins as well as serelatedness. ( )109. In some pairs of antonyms, one term may cover the meaning of the other word. ( )110. Aliens are words of the native element. ( )111. Denizens are words which were borrowed from other languages but later became assimilated into the English language. ( )112. Inflectional affixes are grammatical markers. ( )113. Concept and sense mean the same and thus are interchangeable. ( )114. Reference refers to the relationship between the linguistic symbols and the objective world. ( )115. Contradictory terms are non-gradable. ( )116. Acronyms are words of initial letters which are pronounced as common words. ( )117. Grammatical meaning refers to part of speech, tenses of verbs, stylistic features of words and so on.( )118. Half-converted adjectives are used as common nouns while full-converted ones still retain adjectivefeatures. ( )119. Affective meaning indicates the attitude of the user, whether positive or negative. ( )120. The connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generally found in the dictionary.( )121. Prefixes do not generally change part of speech whereas suffixes do. ( )122. In modern times, vocabulary develops mainly by means of changing meanings of old words. ( )123. Most of the newly created words are associated with the change of life style and society. ( )124. The objective meaning implies that the subject of the sentence is the one affected by the action.一、答案1、 T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. F 9. F 10. T 11. F 12. T 13. T 14. T 15. T 16. F 17. F 18. T 19. T 20. T 21. T 22. T 23. T 24. F 25. T 26. T 26. T 27. T 27. T 28. T 29. T 30. F 31. T 32. F 33. F 34. T 35. F 36. T 37. F 38. T 39. T 40. F 41. T 42. T 43. T 44. F 45. T 46. T 47. F 48. T 49. T 50. F 51. F 52. F 53. T 54. F 55. F 56. T 57. F 58. T 59. F 60. T 61. T 62. T 63. F 64. T65. T 66. T 67. F 68. F 69. T 70. F 71. T 72. F 73. F 74. T 75. T 76. F 77. T 78. F 79. T 80. T 81. T 82. T 83. T 84. T 85. F 86. T 87. T 88. T 89. T 90. F 91. T 92. T 93. T 94. T 95. T 96. F 97. T 98. T 99. T 100. T 101. F 102. T 103. F 104. F 105. F 106. F 107. T 108. T 109. T 110. F 111. T 112. T 113. F 114. T 115. T 116. T 117. F 118. F 119. T 120. F 121. T 122. F 123. F 124. T II. Analyze the following words and say how they are formed, and put your answers in the brackets:（每词0.5分）Example : disobey ( prefixation) headache (compounding ) newton ( commonization) expresident (prefixation ) book (v) (conversion ) ID (acronymy ) brunch (blending ) enthuse (backformation (backformation ) ) deadline (compounding ) tick-tuck (duplication ) quake (clipping ) kodak (commonization (commonization ) ) exwife (prefixation ) elbow(v) (conversion ) laser (acronymy ) autocide (blending ) laze (backformation ) historic (suffixation ) bow-wow (duplication ) bike (clipping ) airline ( compounding ) changeable changeable (affixation/suffixation) (affixation/suffixation) postwar (prefixation ) NA TO (acronymy ) bike (clipping ) smog (blending ) donate (backformation (backformation ) ampere ) ampere (proper words ) antinuclear (prefixation ) daydreaming (compounding ) lase (back-formation ) copter (clipping/front clipping) newly-weds (conversion ) cutthroat (compounding ) memorize (affixation/suffixation) botel (blendin ) tantalize (proper names ) VIP (acronymy ) quake (clipping ) defeather (affixation/prefixation) 三、填空答案三、填空答案 1． meaning; conventional 2. affixation; compounding; conversion affixation; compounding; conversion 3. 3. root 4. prefixes; suffixes 5. synonym; relative 6. superordinate; subordinate 7. context; linguistic; extra-linguistic/non-linguistic 8. minimal/smallest; meaning; syntactic 9. Latin; Scandinavian 10. stem 11. verbs; adjectives 12. stylistic 12. stylistic 13. semantic; related 13. semantic; related 14. elevation/ amelioration; transfer/transference 15. morphological 16. concept 17． intrinsic/logical meaning arbitrary 18. Latin Greek Scandinavian 19. morpheme prefixes 20. suffixes unmarked 21. marked extension/generalization 22. Anglo-saxon 23、affixation compounding conversion (注：位置可以调换) 24．Latin Greek French (注：位置可以调换)25. derivation affixes The connection between sound and is arbitrary and . The three major means of word-formation are , and . The form which remains after all affixes are removed is called . generally do not change part of speech whereas absolute In hyponymy the term which denotes something general is meaning is . falls into two kinds, namely context and A word is the free form which has a give sound, and are , , Greek, vocabulary are and . 10. The form which remains after removing an inflectional affix is called The form which remains after removing an inflectional affix is called . The words which are involved in conversion are nouns, and . 11. The words which are involved in conversion are nouns, The stylistic features of words form their 12. The stylistic features of words form their 13. field refers to a set of words which are semantically . The modes of semantic change in words include extension, narrowing, , degradation and . 14. The modes of semantic change in words include extension, narrowing, 15. 16. 32. 32. When a word changes its meaning from negative to positive, it goes through the process ______ and When a word changes its meaning from negative to positive, it goes through the process ______ and opposite process is called ______. 33. The overtones and associations suggested by the conceptual meaning is ____ meaning. IV 选择答案：1. D 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. A 10.B 11. B 12.C 13.C 14.D 15. A 16. B 17. C 18.D 19.D 20.D 21. D 22. A 23. B 24. D 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. D 30.B 31.C 32. A 33. B 34. DIV . . Each Each Each of of of the the the statements statements statements below below below is is is followed followed followed by by by four four four alternative alternative alternative answers. answers. answers. Choose Choose Choose the the the one one one that that that would would would best best best complete complete complete the the statement and put the letter in the brackets. （每题一分）（每题一分）( )1. Non-basic vocabulary includes __________. A. argot and jargon B. archaisms and neologisms C. technical terms D. all the above ( )2. Functional words are ________________. A. adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions B. adjectives, nouns, articles C. articles, prepositions, conjunctions D. verbs, pronouns, prepositions ( )3. ___________ is not a characteristic of basic word stock. A. Colloquialism B. All national character C. Stability D. Polysemy ( ) 4. Modern English began with the establishment of ________ in England. A. printing B. Bourgeois Revolution C. Industrial Revolution D. Renaissance Time ( )5. Stylistic meaning refers to the features of __________of words. A. formality B. affectiveness C. appropriateness D. part of speech ( ) 6. The derivational process, in which an item is converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix, is called ____________. A. compounding B. back-formation C. functional shift D. derivation ( )7. Grammatical meaning does not include ________. A. part of speech B. plural forms of nouns C. tenses D. appropriateness ( )8. English words can be motivated______. A. phonologically B. morphologically C. etymologically D. all the above ( )9. Stylistic meaning may be defined as the feature of ________ of words. A. formality B. affectiveness C. appropriateness D. part of speech ( )10. There are two main approaches to the study of English words namely ________. A. descriptive and prescriptive B. synchronic and diachronic C . spoken and written D. competence and performance ( )11. Which of the following is NOT studied in semantics? A. polysemy B. language family C. ambiguity D. complementaries ( )12. The hyponyms of …vegetable‟ are ________. ________. A. banana, pear, jam B. pear, apple, banana C. cucumber, celery, peas D. tree, pine, elm ( )13. The discrete units which realize morphemes are known as ________. A. allomorphs B. phonemes C. morphs D. lexis ( )14. )14. _________ _________ _________ is is is a a a word-formation word-formation word-formation process process process by by by which which which a a a word word word is is is changed changed changed from from from one one one word-class word-class word-class into into another without the change of form. A. Blending B. Affixation C. Back-formation D. Conversio ( )15. The first monolingual English dictionary was compiled in ________. A. 1604 B. 1066 C. 1406 D. 1046 ( )16)16. “The birds sing to welcome the smiling year.” Is an example of . “The birds sing to welcome the smiling year.” Is an example of ________. A. euphemism B. synecdoche C. metonymy D. metaphor ( )17)17. “child—parent” are . “child—parent” are _______ antonyms. _______ antonyms. A. root B. derivative C. relative D. complementary ( )18. The word “water” is _________ motivated. A. phonetically B. semantically C. morphologically D. non- ( )19)19. “Give somebody an inch and he‟ll take a mile” is a . “Give somebody an inch and he‟ll take a mile” is a _________. A. sentence idiom B. proverb C. clause idiom D .both A and B ( ) 20. Narrowing excludes ________. A. change from material nouns to common nouns B. change from common nouns to proper nouns C. words shortened from phrases to retain the meaning of the whole for economy D. change from specific meanings to general meanings ( ) 21. According to the idiomaticity of idioms, idioms include ________. A. true idioms B. semi-idioms C. regular combinations D. all the above ( ) 22. Motel is a/an is ________. A. blend B. clipped word C. initialism D. acronym ( ) 23. “sow” (to plant seeds on the ground) and “sow” (fully grown female pig )are called ________.“sow” (to plant seeds on the ground) and “sow” (fully grown female pig )are called ________.A. Homophones B. homographs C. perfect homonyms D. acronyms ( ) 24. “die” and “pass away” are synonyms. They differ in ________.“die” and “pass away” are synonyms. They differ in ________.A. connotative meaning B. emotive meaning C. stylistic meaning D. all the above ( ) 25. He‟s nice, but he hasn‟t much brai n. _________. A. Simile B. metaphor C. Metonymy D. synecdoche ( ) 26. Which of the following is not associative meaning? A. collocative meaning B .stylistic meaning C. affective meaning D. primary meaning ( ) 27. One billion is ________ in British English. A. 1,000,000,000 B. 1,000,000,000,000 C. 1,000,000 D. 1,000,000,000,000,000 ( ) 28. The morpheme “-s” in “desks” is ________ morpheme.A. derivational B. free C. inflectional D. root ( ) 29. ________ are contrary terms. A. dead / alive B. parent / child C. single / married D. like / dislike ( ) 30. The first people known to inhabit the British Isles were ________. Their languages were dialecof still another branch of the In-do-European Language Family ________. A. German / Germanic B. Celts / Celtic C. Italian / Italic D. Sweden / Swedish ( ) ) 31. 31. 31. The The The modes modes modes of of of modem modem modem English English English vocabulary vocabulary vocabulary grow grow grow through through through three three three major major major channels: channels: channels: ________ ________ ________ , , semantic change and __________. A. exchange/lending B. derivation/borrowing C. creation/borrowing D. affixation/creation ( ) 32. Conversion is a method of __________. A. turning words of one part of speech into those of a different part of speech B. converting words of one meaning into those of a different meaning C. deriving words by grammatical means D. changing words in morphological structure ( ) 33. Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of _________. A. prefixation B. suffixation C. acronymy D. conversion ( ) 34. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of French words into English. _________ of them are still in use today. A. 85% B. 56% C. 72% D. 75% narrowing manuscript deer extension poison governor elevation vulgar bonfire degradation journal lust disease alibi narrowing journal girl extension villain marshal elevation barn mill degradation deer knight criticize liquor minister elevation deer governor degradation manuscript criticize VI. Do the following according to instructions.A Study the following sentences and explain the contextual clues which help you guess the meaning of titalicized words, using such terms as definition, example, explanation, synonym, antonym, superordinate, subordinate, relevant details and so on, and put your answers in the brackets. and so on, and put your answers in the brackets. （每题1分）分）1. Refugees crossed the border to escape the carnage in their homeland. Many of them still remembered the horrible slaughter not long ago. ( ) 2. I like fruit, but not avocado , which is too soft. ( ) 3. Carnivores are very dangerous. A tiger, for example, escaped from the zoo last month and killed a dog the street and ate it. ( ) 4. Most dentists ‟ offices are drab places, but Emilio ‟s new office is bright, cheerful. ( ) 5. After a day of hunting, John was ravenous . He ate two bowls of soup, salad, a large chicken, and a piece ochocolate cake before he was finally satisfied. ( ) 6. A north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou ’wester usually brings rain. （）7. Some African tribes still practice polyandry , a marriage system which allows a woman to have more than one husband. ( ) 8. Modern technology is a kind of dehumanization of the human society. ( ) A ．答案．答案 1. synonym/synonymy 2. subordinate/hyponym 3. example/exemplification/superordinate 4. antonym/antonymy 5. relevant details 6. antonym/antonymy 7. explanation 8. word structure B Decide whether the words in italics are used in the subjective oro bjective objective sense and put your answers in the corresponding brackets. （每题1分）1. The policeman was suspicious of the suspicious proof given by the suspect to show that he had nothing to proof given by the suspect to show that he had nothing to do with the robbery. ( ) ( ) 2. The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman in the neighborhood. ( ) 3. The earthquake was so dreadful that many people would be afraid even to see the movie based on it. ( ) 4. Fearful TV programs are not suitable to pre-school children. ( ) 5. It is very considerate of Mr Li to make that arrangement. ( ) 6. The excuse given by the United States of America is really doubtful . ( ) 7. The children were fearful of the fearful picture of the monster. ( ) ( ) 8. What a pitiful girl! She lost her parents when she was so small. girl! She lost her parents when she was so small. ( ) 9. The listeners were doubtful of the witness‟s testimony which sounded verydoubtful.( ) ( ) 10. What a boring man he is! ( ) 11. 11. The The doubtful teacher listened patiently to the doubtful story told by the student who was late for class. ( ) ( ) 12. 12. It is very It is very considerable of you to make such arrangements. ( ) 13. 13. The The little match girl was really pitiful . She died from cold and hunger on the Christmas Eve.( ) 14. Learning a foreign language is a painful process. No one can expect to learn the language well without pains. ( ) B. 答案1. 1. subjective; objective subjective; objective 2. objective 3. objective 4. objective 5. subjective 6. objective 7. 7. subjective; objective subjective; objective 8. objective 9. subjective; objective 10. 10. objective objective 11. subjective, objective 12. subjective 13. objective 14. objective C . Study the following sentences and explain the contextual clues which help you guess the meaning of the italicized worusing such terms as definition, example, synonym, relevant details and so on, and put your answers in the brackets.（每题1分）1. Refugees crossed the border to escape the carnage in their homeland. Many of them still remember the horrible killing not long ago. ( ) 2. Carnivores are very dangerous. A tiger, for example, escaped from the zoo last month and killed a dog in the street andit. ( ) 3. The tribal community still practices polygamy , a custom in which someone can be married to more than one person at thsame time. ( ) 4. As fighting on all fronts reached its peak, the economy neared its nadir ( ). 5. In spite of the fact that the fishermen were wearing sou’wester , the storm was so heavy that they were wet through.C. 答案答案 1. synonym/synonymy 2. example/ exemplification 3. definition/explanation 3. definition/explanation 4. antonym/antonymy 4. antonym/antonymy 5. relevant details VII . Match the rhetorical devices in Column A with the idioms in Column B and put the letters incorresponding brackets. （每题1分）A B( ) 1. alliteration a. snake in the grass ( ) 2. rhyme b. toss and turn ( ) 3. reiteration c. powder one ‟s nose ( ) 4. repetition d. earn one ‟s bread ( ) 5. juxtaposition e. wear and tear ( ) 6. metaphor f. up and down ( ) 7. metonymy g. pick and choose ( ) 8. synecdoche h. from cradle to grave ( ) 9. personification i. Failure is the mother of success. ( ) 10. euphemism j. hand in hand VII 连线答案：1. (b) 2. (e) 3. (g) 4. (j) 5. (f) 6. (a) 7. (h) 8. (d) 9. (i) 10. (c)VIII. Change each of the following into a word, paying attention to part of speech: （每题1分）。

词汇学综合练习

《词汇学》练习试题02PART ONE Multiple Choice（15%）DIRECTIONS: Altogether there are 15 statements in this section. Beneath each statement there are four possible answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose one that best completes the statement. Mark your answers on your ANSWER SHEET.1. Morphology is the study about ___B____.A. words’ soundB. words’ formC. words’ meaningD. words’ collocation2. ____D__ has devoted much of his life to the construction of CL, that is, cognitive linguistics.认知语言学A. PlatoB. ChomskyC. SaussureD. Lakoff3. All the words in the following items are complex words except _____C_.A. cut-throatB. valuableC. wearD. runaway4. Negro, a(n) __A____ in American English, means a black man.A. taboo 禁忌B. euphemism委婉语C. jargon 行话D. colloquialism白话5. _D_____ had been the temporary official language in the UK Island in the 11-12th centuries.A. ChineseB. NorseC. DutchD. French6. The word bazaar from Persian is regarded as a kind of __B____.A. denizenB. alienC. translation loanD. semantic loan7. The following underlined morphemes in the words are all bound morphemes except __B____.A. teachingB. man-madeC. humanismD. assistance8. In shorting, there are various forms for the shortened words, and “dorm” belongs to ___C___.A. initialismB. acronymC. clippingD. blending9. The word “fame” in the sentence “He came to this city seeking money and fame.” refers to its __B____ meaning.A. stylisticB. affectiveC. socialD. reflected10. The word “face” is defined as “the surface of the front of the head from the top of the forehead to the base of the chin and from ear to ear” in the dictionary. Which of the following shows the central meaning ofA. What this generation must do is to face its problems.B. Don't show your face on my property again.C. We saw many new faces on the first day of classes.D. The young girl offered a sweet kiss on his face.11. The word “busyboy” used to refer to a busy person, but now it refers to any officious and meddlesome person, so “busyboy” has undergone ______ in its change of meaning.A. extensionB. narrowingC. euphemismD. degradation12. The idiom “a black sleep” is a kind of _____ idioms in nature.A. nominalB. adjectivalC. verbalD. adverbial13. LDCE is a kind of ______.A. dictionaryB. thesaurusC. corpusD. vocabulary14. In Old English, most words have ______.A. few word endingsB. no word endingsC. many word endingsD. few grammatical functions15. Which of the following groups of antonyms belongs to the same type of antonym with “alive /dead”?A. present /absentB. young /oldC. parents /childrenD. cop /thiefPART TWO Terms （5%）DIRECTIONS: In this part of the test, there are 5 terms from lexicology. Choose the right words or phrases from the list given below to best explain these terms. Write the proper answer on the ANSWER SHEET.A. The branch of linguistics that deals with the lexical component of language.B. The element that carries the main component of meaning in a word and provides the basis from which a word is derived by adding affixes or inflectional endings or by phonetic change.C. The act or an example of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive, such as “pass away” for “die”.D. The data bank of e-textsE. The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences.16. syntax ( )17. corpus ( )18. root ( )19. euphemism ( )20. lexicology ( )PART THREE Morphemes （10%）DIRECTIONS: There are 10 morphemes in this section. You are required to find the appropriate meaning for each morpheme and write the right choice on the ANSWER SHEET.The possible meanings of morphemes:A. femaleB. metalC. offD. too muchE. a littleF. negativeG. takeH. threeI. smallest J. chief21. tripod ( ) 22. minibus ( )23. receive ( ) 24. archetype ( )25. antiwar ( ) 26. deoxygenate ( )27. reddish ( ) 28. uranium ( )29. overwork ( ) 30. millionaires ( )PART FOUR Word Formation （10%）DIRECTIONS: There are 10 underlined words in this section. You are required to find the appropriate method to form the underlined words given below. Write the right choice on the ANSWER SHEET.A. shorteningB. suffixationC. prefixationD. compoundE. conversionF. reduplicationG. borrowing H. onomatopoeia I. metaphorical shift J. proper names31. Don’t make a pig of yourself even though you feel very hungry.32. There are some go-go industries such as micro-processing and laser technology.33. D-day refers to the unnamed day on which an operation or offensive is to be launched, especially June 6, 1944, the day on which the Allied forces invaded France during World War II.34. This alloy is formed by the fusion of two types of metal.35. It is time-wasting to set about doing this business.36. The little boys head forward to the remote village.37. This helps us to know better about the Middle East bazaar.38. The birds chirp softly, sounding almost like young pups.39. The Christian heaven can be seen as a sort of spiritual utopia.40. Could you consult your parents about the question?PART FIVE Sense relations （10%）required to pick out the right group of words to show the same sense relations in each pair of words, and write down the appropriate choice on the ANSWER SHEET.41. AGREE: DENYA. true: falseB. live: dieC. marry: divorceD. tall: short42. GIGANTIC: ENORMOUSA. hospitable: hostileB. numerous: countableC. terrific: wonderfulD. respectable: disdainful43. SUCCESS: FAILUREA. win: loseB. happiness: wealthC. care: loveD. victory: triumph44. CAMERA: PICTUREA. television: remoteB. VCR: expertiseC. duplicator: carbonD. projector: movie45. FATHER: MOTHERA. right: wrongB. teacher: studentC. north: southD. east: west46. ROSE: LOVEA. dove: peaceB. dark: pitchC. pig: swineD. cat: tigerA. cooker: ovenB. cupboard: trunkC. television: radioD. jug: water48. SCHOOL: EDUCATIONA. hospital: patientB. office: duplicatorC. Hotel: lobbyD. restaurant: food49. SURPRISE: ASTONISHA. little: smallB. fearful: terribleC. busy: business D: happy: joyful50. COP: POLICEMANA. fame: prestigeB. detective: suspectC. bull: cowD. teacher: knowledgePART SIX English Idioms （10%）DIRECTIONS: There are 10 idiomatic phrases listed in this section. You are required to fill in the blanks with these phrases to show the same rhetorical features with the one before them. Write the right choice on the ANSWER SHEET.A. safe and sound: ( 51 ) ( 52 )B. pass away: ( 53 ) ( 54 )C. eat like a horse: ( 55 ) ( 56 )D. here and there: ( 57 ) ( 58 )E. shed crocodile tears: ( 59 ) ( 60 )PART SEVEN Affixes（10%）DIRECTIONS: There are 10 words in this part of the test. You are required to add a prefix or suffix to the word to show its opposite meaning. Write the right answer (the whole word) on the ANSWER SHEET.Example: patient (impatient)61. logic ( ) 62. moral ( )63. regular ( ) 64. traditional ( )65. use ( ) 66. connect ( )67. fortune ( ) 68. sufficient ( )69. grade ( ) 70. peace ( )PART EIGHT Applications of lexicology（30%）DIRECTIONS: There are 6 questions or statements in this part of the test. Answer these questions or narrate the statements according to what you’ve learned from lexicology. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.71. Analyze the formation of the word “durables” in terms of root, ste m, and affix, and express the changes of meaning.72. Join one word in group A with another in group B to make a possible compound according to the words below. Note: each word will be used only ONCE, and you’re required to form only five compounds in this part of the test.Group A: r ed green blue white darkGroup B: eyed blooded haired handed minded73. Try to analyze the following words in terms of semantic opposition or componential analysis, that is, [±HUMAN] [±ADULT] [±MALE]. EXAMPLE: man [+HUMAN] [+ADULT] [+MALE]A. womanB. girl74. Analyze the ambiguity in the following sentence. (at least two possible meanings for the sentence)He drove the man to the bank.75. List five synonyms of the word “look”. Here is an example: glare76. Use both ways (affixes and antonym) to find out the words that display the opposite meaning. Write the answer on the answer sheet.true ( untrue ) ( false )agree ( ) ( )perfect ( ) ( )tidy ( ) ( )polite ( ) ( )《词汇学》练习试题02参考答案：一、每小题1分，共15分（1-15题）BDCAD BBCBD DAACA二、每小题1分，共5分（16-20题）EDBCA三、每小题1分，共10分（21-30题）HIGJF CEBDA四、每小题1分，共10分（31-40题）IFABD EGHJC五、每小题1分，共10分（41-50题）DCADB AADBA六、每小题1分，共10分（51-60题）51. toss and turn 52. slow and sure 53. go to heaven 54. kick the bucket 55. sleep like a log 56. as tricky as a monkey57. pros and cons 58. far and near59. a paper tiger 60. an old fox七、每小题1分，共10分（61-70题）61. illogic 62. immoral63. irregular 64. nontraditional65. useless 66. disconnect67. misfortune 68. insufficient69. degrade 70. anti-peace八、每小题5分，共30分（71-76题）71. dur (root) + -able (suffix) →durable (stem, adj.) + conversion →durable (stem, n.) + -s (inflectional affix, plural form) →durables72. red-handed, green-eyed, blue-blooded, white-haired, dark-minded73. A. woman [+HUMAN] [+ADULT] [- MALE]B. girl [+HUMAN] [- ADULT] [- MALE]74. He drove the man to the bank so that he could catch the last ship.He drove the man to the bank so that he could save the money in time.75. look: stare, peer, peep, glimpse, glance, peek, glare, gaze76. agree ( disagree ) ( deny )perfect ( imperfect ) ( faulty )tidy ( untidy ) ( disorderly )polite ( impolite ) ( rude )happy ( unhappy ) ( sad )。

英语词汇学_习题集2(含答案)

《英语词汇学》课程习题集一、单选题1. The word “humorousness” has _______ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four2. The word “nationalize” has _______ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four3. The word “decoding” has _______ morphemes.A. oneB. twoC. threeD. four4. Which of the following forms is not an allomorph of the morpheme “in-”?A. ig-B. ir-C. il-D. im-5. Which of the following forms does not contain an allomorph of the inflectional morpheme of plurality?A. booksB. pigsC. horsesD. expense6. According to ______, there is an intrinsic correspondence between sound and sense.A. naturalistsB. anthropologistsC. linguistsD. conventionalists7. According to ______ , there is not a logical connection between sound and sense.A. naturalistsB. anthropologistsC. linguistsD. conventionalists8. Most English words are _________ symbols.A. definiteB. arbitraryC. infiniteD. hereditary9. From the point of view of ________, a direct connection between the symbol and its sense can be readily observed in a small group of words.A. nationalismB. anthropologyC. linguisticsD. motivation10. Words motivated phonetically are called _________ words.A. onomatopoeicB. similarC. naturalD. symbolic11. In the sentence “John was asked to spy the enemy”, “spy” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym12. In the sentence “John was doctored by Mr. Smith in the hospital”, “doctor” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym13.In the sentence “John was asked to get into the office after a two-hour wait”, “wait”is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym14. In the sentence “John decided to nurse his sister himself”, “nurse” is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym15.In the sentence “John was asked to leave after his three-day stay in the town”, “stay”is considered an example of the word-formation process using _________.A. compoundingB. derivationC. conversionD. acronym16. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational and inflectional affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix17. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all derivational affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix18. Which of the following terms refers to the form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed?A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix19. Any root or stem can be termed as a _______.A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix20.A _______ is a form which is not further analyzable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology.A. stemB. rootC. baseD. affix21. The wo rd “wife” used to mean “woman”, now it means “married woman esp. in relation to her husband”. The word has undergone a sort of semantic change called _____.A. elevationB. degenerationC. extensionD. restriction22.The word “holiday” used to mean “holy day, a day of religious significance”, and now it refers to “day of recreation, when no work is done”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation23.The word “salary” used to mean “a sum of money given to Roman soldiers to enable them to buy salt”, and now it refers to “fixed payment made by employer at regular intervals to person doing other than manual work”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation24.The word “starve” used to mean “to die”, and now it refers to “to die of hunger”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation25.The word “shrewd” used to mean “evil, bad, wicked”, and now it refers to “clever or sharp in practical affairs”. This is an example of _____ of meaning.A. extensionB. restrictionC. degenerationD. elevation26. The Renaissance brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.A. from 1100 to 1500 ADB. from 1500 to 1700 ADC. from 450 to 1100 ADD. from 1700 to 1900 AD27. French brought great changes to the English vocabulary _______.A. from 1100 to 1500 ADB. from 1500 to 1700 ADC. from 450 to 1100 ADD. from 1700 to 1900 AD28. The transitional period from Old English to Modern English is known as _________.A. Ancient EnglishB. Primordial EnglishC. Contemporary EnglishD. Middle English29. The English language from 1500 AD to the present is called ________ .A. Ancient EnglishB. Old EnglishC. Middle EnglishD. Modern English30. Which of the following is not a phase in the development of the English language?A. Old EnglishB. Middle EnglishC. Modern EnglishD. Contemporary English31.The word “tear”meaning “the drop of salty water from the eye”and the word “tear”meaning “to pull sharply apart” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words32. The word “lead” meaning “guide or take, esp. by going in front, etc.” and the word “lead”meaning “an easily melted metal of a dull bluish-grey color” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words33. The word “lie” meaning “make a statement that one knows to be untrue” and the word “lie”meaning “put oneself flat on a horizontal surface” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words34. The word “base” meaning “the thing or part on which something rests” and the word “base”meaning “having or showing little or no honour, courage or decency”are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words35. The word “son” meaning “one’s male child” and the word “sun” meaning “a star that is the basis of the solar system and that sustains life on Earth, being the source of heat and light” are called a pair of ________.A. homophonesB. perfect homonymsC. homographsD. polysemic words36. When a word has a range of different meanings, it belongs to the words of ________.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. antonymyD. polysemy37. When many pairs or groups of words which are different in meaning are pronounced alike or spelled alike, or both, such words belong to the words of ________.A. antonymyB. synonymyC. homonymyD. polysemy38.When words are identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning are called ________ .A. homophonesB. homographsC.homoformsD. homogenes39. ________ is the most common cause of homophones.A. semantic divergenceB. phonetic convergenceC. shorteningD. foreign influence40. When words are involved in the relationship which obtains between specific and general lexical items, such that the former is included in the latter, the words belong to the words of ________.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy41.We can use “a silver lining” for “every cloud has a silver lining”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. additionC. abbreviationD. extension42.We can use “pull an unhappy face” for “pull a long face”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. replacementC. abbreviationD. extension43.We can use “see too many trees, but not the forest” for “cannot see the wood for the trees”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. omissionC. abbreviationD. extension44.We can use “come of marriage age” for “come of age”. The kind of usage of the idiom is known as _______.A. separationB. replacementC. abbreviationD. extension45. What is the rhetoric style illustrated by the idiom “neck and neck”?A. comparisonB. rhymeC. alliterationD. repetition46. _______ is the central factor in a word describing what it is.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning47. _______ consists of word-class and inflectional paradigm.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. grammatical meaningD. lexical meaning48. _______ refers to the emotional association which a word suggests in one’s mind.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning49._______ is that which a piece of language conveys about the social circumstances of its use.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning50. _______ is concerned with the expression of feelings and attitudes of the speaker or writer.A. Denotative meaningB. Connotative meaningC. Stylistic meaningD. Affective meaning二、名词解释题51. proverbabsolute synonym52. function wordsonomatopoeic words53. homonymydegradation54. metaphorprefixation55. polysemyelevation of meaning三、Word-building processes56. IOC VIP fire-proof ad auto plane CIA BBC ID record-breaking raindrop newscast brunch botel motel beautility champ dorm steamboat honeybee57. sit-in TB phone shoulder-high bit somg stagflation comsat sitcom gym taxi memo vet TEFL SALT dropout setback UN OPEC crystal-clear58.round-the-clock NATO sci-fi telex proof-reader schoolboy chute bus copter PE ASEAN NASA TOEFL air-conditioning lion’s share dozer plane airtel faction lunarnaut59.sea-green flowerbed VOA bike fridge medicare Motown hi-fi tec scope quake NBC EPA UNESCO H-bomb air-tight silkworm peace-loving slimnastics docudrama60.morning person ROM CD flu brunch travelog workaholic motel telex nark pop biz math VCR sun-tanned arms race fire engine handwriting ABC RAM四、Rewriting the short paragraph61. First VersionEven since I was a CHILD, I have wanted to go on the stage and be an ACTRESS, like my elder sister. She is less PRETTY than I am and I hoped that if I was LUCKY, I, too, would have the chance to PERFORM three or four times a week at our little local theatre.Second VersionEver since my ____, I have wanted to go on the stage and ____, like my elder sister. I am ____ than she is, and I hoped that with ____, I, too, would have the chance to give ____ three or four times a week at our little local theatre.62. First Version“You should be CONFIDENT. You are ABLE to do it,” she told me, “but you may not have the PATIENCE. It takes a lot of hard work to be SUCCEESSFUL. You can ACHIEVE anything if you stick to it.”Second Version“You should have _____ in yourself. You’ve got the _____ to do it,” she told me, “but you may be too ____. It takes a lot of hard work to ____. You can make any ____ if you stick to it.”63. First VersionThen she would DESCRIBE in DETAIL of her CONFUSION and embarrassment when the man who was DIRECTING the play told her that she spoke and MOVE too slowly in one scene. Second VersionThen she would give me a ____ ____ of how _____ and embarrassed she’d been when the ____ of the play told her that her speech and ____ were too slow in one scene.64. First VersionShe was supposed to run across the stage and, after HESITATING for a moment, say “WELCOME!” to and old woman who was ENTERING from the other side. “But take CARE because the stage is SLIPPERY,” he said.Second VersionShe was supposed to run across the stage and, after a moment’s ____, to ____ an old woman who was making her ____ from the other side. “But be ____ not to ____,” he said.65. First VersionThere was no DOUBT that the stage was very slippery, but she would PROBABL Y have reached the other side SAFEL Y if she had not fallen over her long skirt, which was in FASHION that year, and tumbled right off the stage, to the ASTONISHMENT of the audience.Second VersionThe stage was ____ very slippery, but it’s ____ that she would have reached the other side in ____ if she had not fallen over her long skirt, which was ____ that year, and tumbled right off the stage. The audience was ____.五、简答题（略）……答案一、单选题1. C2. C3. C4. A5. D6. A7. D8. B9. D10. A11. C12. C13. C14. C15. C16. A17. C18. B19. C20. B21. D22. A23. A24. B25. D26. B27. A28. D29. D30. D31. C32. C33. B34. B35. A36. D37. C38. A39. B40. A41. C42. B43. A44. D45. D46. A47. C48. B49. C50. D二、名词解释题51. proverb: it is a well-known, supposedly wise saying usually in simple language expressinga fact or a truth which deals with everyday experience.e.g. Don’t put all your eggs in one basket. / The early bird catches the worm.absolute synonyms: two words that are fully identical in meaning and interchangeable in any context without the slightest alteration in connotative, affective and stylistic meanings.e.g. word-formation and word-building or spirants and fricatives.52. function words: short words such as prepositions, conjunctions and so on. They don’t have much lexical meaning and serve grammatically more than anything else. They are in contrast to content words, which have independent lexical meaning and used to name objects, actions, states and so on. e.g. in, on and from.onomatopoeic words: They are the words imitating the sounds or sounding like natural sounds.e.g. cuckoo, tick, bang.53.homonymy: It is the relationship between words in the pairs which, though different in meaning, are pronounced alike, or spelled alike or both.e.g. lead (to guide) / lead (a gray metal), tear (drop of salty water coming from the eye) / tear (pull sharply to pieces), bear / baredegradation: It means that words once respectable or neutral shift to a less respectable even degraded meaning.e.g. genteel, terrific, accident54. metaphor: It is a figure of speech containing an implied comparison based on association of similarity.e.g. the teeth of a saw, a shower of stones, the tongue of a shoeprefixation: It is the word-formation process by the addition of a word element before an already existing word.e.g. multimedia, inconvenience, antiart55. polysemy: If a word has got more than two meanings, then it belongs to words of polysemy.e.g. rich, full, getelevation of meaning: Elevation is the process where words go uphill, shifting from words showing disrespectable meaning to better meaning. e.g. craftsman, shrewd三、Word-building processes56. compounding: fire-proof record-breaking raindrop steamboat honeybee acronymy: CIA IOC VIP BBC IDclipping: ad auto champ dorm planeblending: newscast brunch botel motel beautility57. compounding: sit-in dropout setback shoulder-high crystal-clearacronymy: TB UN OPEC TEFL SALTclipping: phone gym taxi memo vetblending: bit somg stagflation comsat sitcom58. compounding: round-the-clock air-conditioning proof-reader schoolboy lion’s share acronymy: NATO PE ASEAN NASA TOEFLclipping: chute bus copter dozer planeblending: sci-fi telex airtel faction lunarnaut59. compounding: sea-green flowerbed air-tight silkworm peace-lovingacronymy: VOA NBC EPA UNESCO H-bombclipping: bike fridge tec scope quakeblending: slimnastics docudrama medicare Motown hi-fi60. compounding: morning person sun-tanned arms race fire engine handwriting acronymy: ROM CD VCR ABC RAMclipping: flu nark pop biz mathblending: brunch travelog workaholic motel telex四、Rewriting the short paragraph61. 1. childhood 2. act 3. prettier 4. luck 5. performances62. 1. confidence 2. ability 3. impatient 4. succeed 5. achievement63. 1. detailed 2. description 3. confused 4. director 5. movement64. 1. hesitation 2. welcome 3. entrance 4. careful 5. slip65. 1. undoubtedly 2. probable 3. safety 4. fashionable 5. astonished五、简答题（略）……。

词汇学练习试题

1.________ is traditionally used for the study of the origins and history of the form and meaning of words.A. SemanticsB. LinguisticsC. EtymologyD. Stylistics2.Stylistics is the study of style . It is concerned with the user’s choices of linguistic elements in a particular________ for special effectsA. situationB. contextC. timeD. place3.Lexicography shares with lexicology the same problems: the form , meaning, origins and usages of words, but they have a _______ difference.A . spelling B. semantic C. pronunciation D. pragmatic4. Neologisms are newly-created words or expressions, or words that have taken on ______meanings.A. newB. oldC. badD. good5The Normans invaded England from France in 1066. The Norman Conquest started a continual flow of ______ words into English.A. FrenchB. GreekC. RomanD. Latin6Greek is the modern language derived from _______.A. LatinB. HellenicC. Indian D . Germanic7The prefixes in the words of ir resistible, non classical and a political are called _______.A.reversative prefixesB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes8The prefixes contained in the following words are called ______: pseudo-friend, mal practice, mis trust.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes9The prefixed contained in un wrap, de-compose and dis allow are _________.A. reversative prefixedB. negative prefixesC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes10The prefixes in words extra-strong, overweight and arch bishop are _____ .A . negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or size C. pejorative prefixes D. locative prefixes11The prefixes in words bi lingual ,uni form and hemis phere are ________.A. number prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. pejorative prefixesD. locative prefixes12.________ are contained in words trans-world, intra-party and fore head.A.Prefixes of orientation and attitudeB. Prefixes of time and orderC. Locative prefixesD. Prefixes of degree or size13. Omega,Xerox and orlon are words from _________.s of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames14.Ex-student, fore tell and post-election contain________.A.negative prefixesB. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. locative prefixes15Mackintosh, bloomers and cherub are from _______A. names of booksB. names of placesC. names of peopleD. tradenames16The prefixes in words new-Nazi, autobiography and pan-European are ________.B.negative prefixes B. prefixes of degree or sizeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes17The prefixes in words anti-government , pro student and contra flow are _____-.C.prefixes of degree or size B. prefixes of orientation and attitudeC. prefixes of time and orderD. miscellaneous prefixes18Utopia ,odyssey and Babbit are words from ________.s of books B. names of places C. names of people D. tradenames19The suffixes in words clockwise, homewards are ______.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes20The suffixes in words height en, symbol ize are ________.A. noun suffixesB. verb suffixesC. adverb suffixesD. adjective suffixes21_______is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.A. ReferenceB. ConceptC. SenseD. Context22. Most English words can be said to be ________.A. non-motivatedB. motivatedC. connectedD. related23.Trumpet is a(n) _______motivated word.A. morphologicallyB. semanticallyC. onomatopoeicallyD. etymologically24Walkman is a _______motivated word.A. onomatopoeicallyB. morphologicallyC. semanticallyD. etymologically25.Affective meaning indicates the speaker’s _______towards the person or thing in question.A. feeling .B. likingC. attitudeD. understanding1.Polysemy is a common feature peculiar to ______.A. English onlyB. Chinese onlyC. all natural languagesD. some natural languages2.From the ______ point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of thesemantic structure of one and same word .A. linguisticB. diachronicC. synchronicD. traditional3._______ is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the center and the secondarymeanings proceed out of it in every direction like rayes.A Radiation B. Concatenation C. Derivation D. Inflection4. _________ is the semantic process in which the meaning of a word moves gradually away from its first sense by successive shifts until, in many cases, there is not a sign of connection between the sense that is finally developed and that which the term had at the beginning.A. DerivationB. RadiationC. InflectionD. Concatenation5.One important criterion to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is to see their ______.A. spellingB. pronunciationC. etymologyD. usage6. ________refer to one of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning.A. PolysemantsB. SynonymsC. AntonymsD. Hyponyms7. The sense relation between the two words tulip and flower is _______.A. hyponymyB. synonymyC. polysemyD. antonymy8. _________ are words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning, e.g. bow/bau/; bow/beu/.A. HomophonesB. HomographsC. Perfect homonymsD. Antonyms9. The antonyms: male and female are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms10The antonyms big and small are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms11The antonyms husband and wife are ______.A. contradictory termsB. contrary termsC. relative termsD. connected terms12Composition and compounding in lexicology are words of _______.A. absolute synonymsB. relative synonymsC. relative antonymsD. contrary antonyms13As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly ______, they are often employed in a conversation to create puns for desired effect of humor, sarcasm or ridicule.A. homographsB. homophonesC. absolute homonymsD. antonyms14From the diachronic point of view, when the word was created, it was endowed with only one meaning . The first meaning is called ______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. basic meaning15Synchronically, the basic meaning of a word is the core of word-meaning called_______.A. primary meaningB. derived meaningC. central meaningD. secondary meaning1.In Shakespearean line ‘rats and mice and such small dee r’, deer obviously designates ‘_____’ ingeneral.A. a doeB.. animalC. a deerlike animalD. buck2.The original meaning of wife is _______.A. a married womanB. a young womanC. womanD. widowed woman3.The meaning of meat changed by mode of _______.A. extensionB. narrowingC. elevationD. degradation4.The meaning of fond changed by mode of _______.A. extensionB. narrowingC. elevationD. degradation5.The original meaning of minister is ______.A. head of a ministryB. a tutorC.a farmerD. servant6.The original meaning of success is ______.A.resultB. progressC. eventD. incident7.The meaning of churl changed by mode of _______.A. elevationB. extensionC. degradationD. narrowing8.Loud colours belongs to ______.A.transfer of sensationsB. transfer between abstract and concrete meaningsC.transfer from objective to subjectiveD. transfer from subjective to objective9. The meaning of picture changed by modes of _____.A. extensionB. narrowingC. degradationD. elevationI. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that would best complete the statement.1.Jack of all trades is an idiom ________.A. nominal in natureB. adjectival in natureC. verbal in natureD. adverbial in nature2.Let the dog see the rabbit is an idiom ________.A. nominal in natureB. adjectival in natureC. verbal in natureD. adverbial in nature3.How are you is a(n) __________.A.idiom nominal in natureB. idiom verbal in natureB.idiom adjective in nature D. sentence idiom4.tooth and nail is an idiom ________.A. nominal in natureB. adjectival in natureC. verbal in natureD. adverbial in nature5.Beyond the pale is an idiom _________.A. nominal in natureB. adjectival in natureC. verbal in natureD. adverbial in nature6.Play fast and loose shows the feature of ________.A. repetitionB. reiterationC. juxtapositionD. rhyme7.Spend money like water is an example of _________.A．metaphor B. simile C. metonymy D. synecdoche8.The salt of the earth is an example of _______.A. simileB. metaphorC. metonymyD. synecdoche9. From cradle to grave is an example of _________.A. simileB. metaphorC. synecdocheD. metonymy10.Fall into good hands is an example of _________.A. simileB. metaphorC. synecdocheD. metonymy11.The pot calls the cattle black is an example of _______.A.metaphorB. personificationC. synecdocheD. euphemism12.Powder one’s nose is an example of _________.A. personificationB. euphemismC. synecdocheD. hyperbold13.A world of trouble is an example of ________.A. euphemismB. personificationC. hyperboleD. metonymy14.Chop and change shows the feature of __________.A. rhymeB. repetitionC. reiterationD. repetition15.By hook and by crook is an example of ________.A. alliterationB. rhymeC. reiterationD. repetitionI.1.A 2.C 3.D 4.B 5.B 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.D 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.D 15.B。

词汇学试卷及答案

词汇学试卷及答案1.With the（）of Mary, all the girl students are eager to go to the party. [单选题] *A.exhibition(正确答案)B.exceptionC.exceptD.reception2.Although the trffic is not busy, he likes to drive at a （）speed. [单选题] *A.spareB.fast(正确答案)C.moderateD.moral3.All the memories of his childhood had（） from his mind by the time he was 65. [单选题] *A.fadedB.illustratedfined(正确答案)D.concerned4.This river is so big that it is impossible to build a （） under it without modern technology. [单选题] *A.canal(正确答案)B.tunnelC.channelD.cable5.The （） is nearly dead , so I can not start the car again. [单选题] *A. beanB.beam(正确答案)C.bakeD.battery6.When making modern cameras , people began to （）plastics for metal. [单选题] *A. surroundB.substanceC.stretch(正确答案)D.substitute7.With the help of the government , a large number of people ---（）after the flood in 1991. [单选题] *A. survived(正确答案)B.suspendedC.sufferedD.subfected8.He always has a lot of （） ideas in his mind , and sometimes we do not even know what he is thinding about. [单选题] *A. novelB.spoilC.acceptable(正确答案)D.additional9.Please be serious. I am not （）. You should consider it carefully [单选题] *A. sortingB.jokingC.countingparing(正确答案)10.We do not have a （） school in our institute. The highest degree we provide for the students is a B. A. and a B. S. . [单选题] *A. continue(正确答案)B.bayC.assistanceD.graduate11.In the United States, the foreign policy is decided by the （）government, not by each state. [单选题] *A. federal(正确答案)B.figureC.scientific12.He works in our university as a visiting （）, not as a formal faculty member. [单选题] *A. traditional(正确答案)B.scholarC.nurseD.pilot13.When you fill in the application form, please use your （） address so that we can contact you easily later. [单选题] *A. policyB.plain(正确答案)C.permanentD.principal14.John （） to be a polite man. But in fact he is very rude. [单选题] *A. pretendsB.assuresC.affordsD.melts(正确答案)15.We can not trust him any more because he often （）his duty. [单选题] *A. owes(正确答案)B.spoilsD.neglects16.In order to increase our output, we need to import more production （）. [单选题] *A. facilitiesB.hens(正确答案)C.votesD.artists17.When a spacecraft travels, one of the major problems is reentry into the Earth’s（）. [单选题] *A. surfaceB.atmosphereC.attitudeD.bent(正确答案)18.This river forms a natural （） between China and Korea. [单选题] *A. boundaryB.stringC.spotD.zone(正确答案)19.She is already 16years old. But she （）_as if she were still a little girl. [单选题] *A. believes(正确答案)B.absorbsD.behaves20.We are （） at the rapid progress Mark has made in this semester. [单选题] *A. distinguishedB.annoyedC.astonished(正确答案)D.scored21.The doctors （） the medicines to the people in the flood area. [单选题] *A. distributed(正确答案)B.packedC.prayedD.undertook22.Much of the news provided by this newspaper is （）, not foreign. [单选题] *A. domestic(正确答案)B.strainC.purchaseD.murder23.He tried to —（）relations with his former wife but he failed. [单选题] *A. measureB.maintain(正确答案)C.shelter24.He （） to study harder in the future so that he could have more opportunities to finda better job. [单选题] *A. resolved(正确答案)B.resortedC.requestedD.reserved25.The （）work continued for more than a week but there was still no sign of the missing boy. [单选题] *A. researchB.rescue(正确答案)C.vesselD.vast26.Many kinds of animals are believed to have（）from the earth [单选题] *A. withdrawnB.vanished(正确答案)C.foundD.hung27.The engineers in this lab spent several weeks（） their plans for the new bicycle. [单选题] *A. countingC.elaborating(正确答案)D.casting28.Pine trees are usually believed to（） cold weather. [单选题] *A. guardB.accomplishC.roarD.endure(正确答案)29.Free medical service is （） to nearly all the college students in China. [单选题] *A. favoriteB.available(正确答案)C.convenientD.average30.After working for twenty hours without any rest, the doctors were （）. [单选题] *A. exhausted(正确答案)B.mountedC.wrappedD.restored31.The college students in China are （） from smoking on campus because this will do them no good. [单选题] *A. discouraged(正确答案)C.obeyedD.obtained32.Professor Smith is also the（） of the international program office. If you have any problem when you study here, you may go to him for help. [单选题] *A. detectiveB.presidentC.managerD.director(正确答案)33.We won’t allow any foreign country to （）in our internal affairs. [单选题] *A. devoteB.districtC.interfere(正确答案)D.wander34.We can not （） all the magazines together. [单选题] *A. routeB.drawC.threadD.bind(正确答案)35.What he said in the meeting （） everybody present. [单选题] *A. disgusted(正确答案)C.disposedD.eliminated36.Some lazy men would rather （） than work. [单选题] *A. indicateB.declareC.solveD.starve(正确答案)37.This boy was （） for what he had done in the class. [单选题] *A. scolded(正确答案)B.overcomeC.inclinedD.displayed38.Some states in the United States （） people to carry guns. [单选题] *A. applyB.charmC.ignoreD.forbid(正确答案)39.Carelessness made him fall in his job （）. [单选题] *A.interview(正确答案)B.intentionD.stocking40.Sometimes it is very difficult to （） some of the English words. Even the native speaker can not help. [单选题] *A. decreaseB.createC.define(正确答案)D.delight41.Students with （） problems may apply for student loans. [单选题] *A.economicB.financial(正确答案)C.maleD.economical42.Both sugar and salt can （）in water. [单选题] *A.desertB.absorbC.dissolve(正确答案)D.involve43.I have not heard anything from him since his （）. [单选题] *A.departure(正确答案)B.faultD.acciptance44.Without a proper education, people could （） all kinds of crimes. [单选题] *A.conductB.stoopmit(正确答案)D.sweat45.Several loudspeakers are （） from the ceiling and we can hear the speaker very clearly. [单选题] *A.connectedB.sustainedC.associatedD.suspended(正确答案)46.This morning in the class, our teacher lost his （） at last because he could not stand any more. [单选题] *A.temper(正确答案)B.terrorC.verseD.contain47.It is not --（） for me to return all the books to the library now because I still need some of them for my research. [单选题] *A. continuousB.difficultC.convenient(正确答案)D.sufficient48.When traveling alone in the mountains, you’d better take a （） with you in case you get lost. [单选题] *pass(正确答案)pressplseD.campus49.As a teacher, you should not （） the students from asking questions in class. [单选题] *A.ruinB.restrain(正确答案)C.importD.impose50.If you have any problems during your study here, please do not （） to call me for help [单选题] *A.hesitate(正确答案)B.despairC.urgeD.request51. This kind of medicine has the power to （）poison. [单选题] *A.splashB.resist(正确答案)C.adoptD.occupy52. He is easily （） so I do not like to talk with him. [单选题] *A.defendedB.affordedC.createdD.offended(正确答案)53.I am （） to believe that he won’t come back to see his wife again. [单选题] *A.inclined(正确答案)B.puzzledC.accompaniedD.performed54.Before you mail this letter, you should check again whether you have （） it or not. [单选题] *A.sunkB.sighedC.soughtD.sealed(正确答案)55.After talking for nearly ten hours, he （） to the government’s pressure at last. [单选题] *A.expressedB.yielded(正确答案)C.decreasedD.approved56.My hands and feet were （） with cold as I waited for the bus. [单选题] *A. cliffB.stillC.stiff(正确答案)D.stick57.This problem is beyond his ability and he can not （） it. [单选题] *A.slipB.packC.gainD.solve(正确答案)58.When you buy the spare parts for your car, try to get the （） ones from the authorized dealer. [单选题] *A.genuine(正确答案)B.generousC.geniusD.gentle59.If you use （）, you can get a higher quality picture. [单选题] *A.waxB.shameC.gooseD.slides(正确答案)60.Who（） this country, the people or the president? This question is not easy to answer. [单选题] *A.frightensB.differsC.displayserns(正确答案)。

词汇学考试历年习题及答案(选集)

A B（）1．Ultr- A. backformation（）2．burgle B. initialism（）3．pop C. transfer of sensation（）4．clear-sounding D. before（）5．VOA E. brim (water’s edge—the top edge of a cup) （）6．fore- F. mistress（）7．degradation G. succeed（）8．kick the bucket H. clipping（）9．extension I. die（）10．make it J. extreme1~5:JAHCB 6~10:DFIEGA B11.Scandinavian（） A. mill（place where things are made）12.Germanic（） B. grammatical13.extension（） C. double meaning14.narrowing（） D. Swedish15.linguistic（） E. comprehend/understand16.ambiguity（） F. Dutch17.participants（） G. determined18.difference in denotation（） H.pigheaded19.appreciative（） I.non-linguistic20.pejorative（） J.iron（a device for smoothing clothes）11~15:DFAJB 16~20:CIEGHStudy the following words or expressions and identify 1) historical stage of English vocabulary; 2) origins of homonyms; 3) types of meanings; 4) sources of synonyms;5) causes of ambiguity and 6) types of motivations.1．ball, ball (Old English, old French(origins of homonyms)）2．a hard businessman （Polysemy）3．friend or foe （Old English）4．miniskirt （Morphologically motivated）5．an attractive ball （Homonymy）6．lie –distort the fact（Figurative and euphemistic use of words (source of synonyms)）7．occupation-walk of life（Figurative and euphemistic use of words (source of synonyms)）8．coffee （Modern English）9．mother (love, care) （Connotation）10．enrich (Middle English）Study the following words or expressions and identify 1）types of boundmorphemes underlined, and 2）types of word formation or prefixes.1.predict（bound root ）2.motel（ (head+tail)blinding）3.potatoes（ inflectional affix/morpheme）4.blueprint（ adjective+noun）5.preliminaries（ full conversion）6.Southward（ suffix）7.demilitarize（ reversative prefix）8.hypersensityve（prefix of degree ）9.retell（prefix ）10.multi-purposes（number prefix ）Define the following terms1.loan words2.specialized dictionary3.conversion4.lexical context5. amelioration6. semantic change (referring to modes of vocabulary development)7. compounding8. synonyms9. grammatical context10. phrasal verbs1.Words taken over from foreign languages are known as borrowed words or loan or simply borrowing.2.It is a dictionary that covers a relatively restricted set of phenomena.It concentrates exclusively on a particular area of language or knowledge, treating such diverse topics as etymology, synonyms, idioms, pronunciation, usages in language, and special subjects like architecture, engineering, gardening and literature.3.It is the formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class.4.It refers to the lexical items that co-occur with the word in question.The meaning of the word is often sffected and defined by the neighboring words.5.It refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.6.It means an old form which takes on a new meaning to meet the new need.7.It is the formation of new words by joining two or more bases.8.One of two or more words in the English language which have the same or very nearly the same essential meaning.9.In some cases, the meanings of a polysemant may be influenced by the syntactic structure in which it occurs.10.A phrasal verb is a combination of a verb and an adverb or preposition, for example ’shut up’ or ’look after’, which together have a particular meaning 1．What are bound morphemes? Illustrate your point.2．Why is context very important for the understanding of word-meaning?3. What is the difference between associative meaning and conceptual meaning?4. Give the definition of a stem and point out the stem(s) in the word “internationalist”.5. Explain the difference between initialisms and acronyms with the examplewords VOA, AIDS, N-bomb, UFO, CORE, ID.6. Arrange each of the following groups of synonyms according to their degree ofintensity, from the weakest to the strongest.1) astonish, amaze, surprise2) pardon, forgive, excuse3) genius, ability, talent4) sadness, grief, sorrow5) pleasure, rapture, delight7. What are the three major functions of context?1.Bound morphemes cannot occur as separate words. They are bound to other morpheme or morphemes to from words.Bound morphemes include two types: bound root and affix.2.Because most words have more than one meaning, it is often impossible to tell the meaning of a word before it is used in a given context.3.Conceptual meaning is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word meaning.It is usually constant and relatively stable.Associative meaning is the secondary meaning supplemented to the conceptual meaning.It is open-ended and indeterminate.4.A stem is a part of the word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed.Stems: nation, national, international.5.Initialisms are words pronounced letter by letter, hence the name. For example VOA,UFO,ID.Acronyms are words formed from initial letters but pronounced as a normal word, for example AIDS, CORE,N-bomb.6. 1) surprise-amaze-astonish 2)pardon-excuse-forgive 3) ability-talent-genius 4) sadness-sorrow-grief 5)pleasure-delight-rapture7.Elimination of ambiguity; indication of referents; provision of clues for inference of word meaning.Analyze and comment on the following.1. Some people hold that Shakespeare is more difficult to read than contemporary writings. Do you agree or disagree to this comment? State your reason(s) with at least three examples.2．Use examples to illustrate the similarity and difference between absolute synonyms and relative synonyms.3. Comment on the following two sentences to illustrate the two sub-categories of affective meaning.A) Knowledge of inequality has stimulated envy, ambition and greed.B) One who is filled with ambition usually works hard.4. What characteristic of antonyms does the following pairs of sentences demonstrate?A) How tall is his brother?B) How short is his brother?1.I agree with this comment. Shakespeare is more difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his words were used in different senses from what they have now been used in daily life.For example jump means ’just’ ,vulgar means ’common’, and rival means ’partner’ in Hamlet.2.Absolute synonyms are words which are identical in meaning in all its aspects,i.e. both in grammatical meaning and lexical meaning including conceptual and associative meanings. Synonyms of this type are interchangeable in every way. Absolute synonyms are rare in natural languages and restricted to highly specialized vocabulary, such as word-building-word formation in lexicology. Relative synonyms are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different shades of meaning or different degrees of a given quality. Take change-alter-vary for example. To change a thing is to put another thing in its place; to alter a thing is to make it different from what it was before; to vary a thing is to alter it in different manner and at different times.3.Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories: appreciative or pejorative. The appreciative or pejorative meanings of the words are usually brought out in context.In sentence A, ambition conveys a pejorative meaning, along with the other two word s ’envy’ and ’greed’; while in sentence B, the word ambition is used in good sense, showing approval, along with the words ’works hard’.4.Antonyms differ in semantic inclusion. Some pairs of antonyms are seen as marked and unmarked terms respectively, on the grounds that one member is more specific than the other and the meaning of the marked term is found in that of the unmarked.So far as the meaning is concerned, sentence A is inclusive.The use of tall does not exclude the possibility of his brother being very short. But sentence B is much more restricted in meaning and is considered abnormal unless the speaker is particularly interested in the shortness of his brother or curious enough to find how short his brother is.Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.1. Newly-created words or expressions in English vocabulary, such as AIDS and E-mail are called neologisms.2. In modern times, borrowings brings less than ten percent of modern English vocabulary from other languages.3. In the words prewar, bloody, impossible, pre-, -y, im- are called derivational affixes.4. Compounds differ from phrases in three aspects: phonetic, semantic, and grammatical features.5. The sense of an expression is not a thing, so it is difficult to say what sort of identity it is. For example, and, if, yes don’t refer to anything in the world, but all have meaning.6. The problem of interrelation of the various meaning of the same word can be dealt with from two different angles: diachronic approach and synchronic approach.7. Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else have experienced the process of semantic transfer.8. The extra-linguistic context may be extended to embrace the entire culture background, which may also affect the meaning of words.9. The main body of a dictionary is its definitions of words.10. All sentence idioms are complete sentences. They are mainly proverbs and sayings, including colloquialisms and catchphrases.11．The smallest functioning unit in the composition of words is the morpheme.12．Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and transfer.13．In the word “post-war”, “post-” is a prefix of time.14．Functional words such as preparations, conjunctions, though having little lexical meaning, possess strong grammatical meaning.15．Relative synonyms also called near-synonyms are similar or nearly the same in denotation, but embrace different degrees of a given quality.16.Word-meaning changes by modes of extension, narrowing, degradation, elevation and transfer.17.The language used in England between 450 and 1150 is called old English.ELD is a monolingual dictionary.19.In the phrase "the mouth of the river", the word "mouth" is semantically motivated.20.Physical situation or environment relating to the use of words is extralinguistic context.。

词汇学测试题

Ⅰ. Define the following terms1. motivation2. blending3. neologism4. stylistic meaning5. jargon6. rootII. Choose the one you think appropriate1. A word is _______ of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.A. a minimal free formB. a smallest meaningful unitC. an element which can not be further analyzedD. a grammatically minimal form2. The pronunciation of a language has changed more ______ than spelling over the years.A. systematicallyB. arbitrarilyC. logicallyD. rapidly3. Words may fall into ___________.A. the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by use frequencyB. content words and functional words by notionC. native words and borrowed words by origin.D. All of the above.4. The Indo-European language family consists of________.A. all the languages in Europe and IndiaB. all the languages in India and some languages in Europe.C. most of the languages of Europe, the Near East, and India.D. Some of the languages of Europe and all the languages of the Near East5.____ is the meaning given in the dictionary and forms the core of word-meaning.A. Grammatical meaningB. Denotative meaningC. Associative meaningD. Connotative meaning6. In a narrow sense, context refers to _________ in which a word appears.A. the words B clausesC. sentencesD. All of the above7.which group of the following are perfect homonyms?A. dear (a loved person)—deer (a kind of animal)B. bow (bending the head as a greeting)—bow(the device used for shooting)C. bank(the edge of the river)—bank (an establishment for money business)D. right (correct)—write (put down on paper with a pen)8. After the _________, the Germanic tribes called Angles ,Saxons, and Jutes came in great numbers.A. GreeksB. IndiansC. RomansD. French9.In the words "recollection, idealistic, and ex-prisoner", "re-, -ion, -ist, -ic, ex-, and -er" are____ .A. prefixesB. suffixesC. free morphemesD. bound morphemes10. English has evolved from ___________.A. an analytic language to a synthetic languageB. a Celtic language to a British languageC. analytic language to a less inflectional languageD. a synthetic language to an analytic language11. The symbolic connection of a word to a particular thing is almost always ________.A. logicalB. arbitraryC. inherentD. automatic12. It is estimated that English borrowings constitute ______of the modern English vocabulary.A. 50 percentB. 50 percentC. 80 percentD. 65 percent13. The most important mode of vocabulary development in present-day English is the creation of new words by means of _______.A. translation-loansB. semantic loansC. word formationD. borrowings14 .Which of the following is incorrect?A. “airmail” means “mail by air”B. “rea ding-lamp” means “lamp for reading”C. “green h and” is the h and green in colorD. “hopeless” is “without hope”15. Now people use “pen” for any writing tool though it originally denotes “feature”. This phenomenon can be explained by_____ .A. etymological motivationB. onomatopoetic motivationC. morphological motivationD. semantic motivation16. In a broad sense, extra-linguistic context includes_________.A. stressB. timeC. intonationD. word order17. “Timid ”and “timorous”, “comprehend” and “understand” are two pairs of synonyms mainly different in_____.A. denotationB. applicationC. connotationD. emotion18. Study the following word and its original meaning, then choose the process that the word has undergone through semantic changes.thing: a public assemblyA. extensionB. degradationC. narrowingD. elevation19.Jack of all trades is an idiom ________.A. nominal in natureB. adjectival in natureC. verbal in natureD. adverbial in nature20. The dictionary that contains information on all branches of knowledge or treats comprehensively a particular branch of knowledge usually in articles arranged alphabetically is called __________.A. lexiconB. concordanceC. yearbookD. encyclopaediaIII. True or false: write T for true and F for false( ) 1.Because of the large-scale borrowings over the centuries, loan words make up the most familiar, most useful part of the English vocabulary.( ) 2.The allomorphs of a morpheme differ in meaning and function.( ) 3.The conversion between nouns and verbs may involve a change of stress ( ) 4.A morpheme is different from a phoneme, but it is identical with a syllable. ( ) 5.For most English words, there is no intrinsic relation between the sound-symbol and its sense.( ) 6.Synonyms are generally similar in affective meaning.( ) 7.It is more likely for monosyllabic words to be homonymous than polysyllabic ones.( ) 8. Every word has sense.( ) 9. The syllabic structure of a word and its morphemic structure are never the same.( ) 10. Loan words can be grouped according to manner of borrowing.IV. Match the words or phrases in Column A with those in Column BA B1. grammatical meaning ( ) A. Scottish2. reading-lamp ( ) B. neither fish, flesh, nor fowl3. lip-reading to lip-read ( ) C. morphologically motivated4. alliteration ( ) D. date; date5. difference in connotation ( ) E. answer/ respond6. perfect homonym ( ) F. backformation7. laser ( ) G. blending8. sitcom ( ) H. onomatopoeia9. grunt( ) I. part of speech10. Celtic ( ) J. acronymyV. Answer the following questions1. Please draw a tree diagram to show the different family relations of all the major languages in Indo-European language family.2. There are two main kinds of homonyms: perfect homonyms and partial homonyms. Explain them and give examples.。

《英语词汇学》练习测试题集及答案

华中师范大学网络教育学院《词汇学》练习测试题及答案本科I. Decide whether the statements are true or false and write T (true) or F (false) in the correspondingbrackets. （每题一分）( ) 1. “All national character” is the most important of all the five characteristics of the basic word stock. ( ) 2. By origin, English words can be classified as “native words” and “loan words”.( ) 3. The languages (Norwegian, German, Dutch, Danish, Swedish) all belong toGermanic Family except Norwegian.( ) 4. Old English vocabulary is full of endings.( ) 5. Allomorphs are phonological variants which realize morphemes.( ) 6. Inflectional morphemes are added to the end of words to show grammatical concepts.( ) 7. The most productive means of word-formation is affixation.( ) 8. Acronyms are words of initial letters, which are pronounced letter by letter.( ) 9. Reference refers to the relationship between different languages.( ) 10. Grammatical meaning refers to the part of the word-meaning whichindicates grammatical concepts.( ) 11. In the process of “Radiation” the derived meanings of words are notdirectly related to the primary meaning.( ) 12. The diachronic approach to polysemy is to find how a word graduallyacquires its meanings in the process of development.( ) 13. When a word changes from a specific to a general meaning, it goesthrough extension of meaning.( ) 14. “meat” is an example of narrowing of meaning.( ) 15. “teacher” and “student” are converses.( ) 16. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym.( ) 17. Meaning is a relatively stable element in a language compared withspelling.( ) 18. The changes of meaning are caused by both linguistic and extra-linguisticfactors.( ) 19. Extra-linguistic context refers to factors beyond language.( ) 20. Linguistic context provides clues for guessing meanings of new words.( ) 21. Idioms are phrases and short sentences the meanings of which are not easy to infer from the constituents in most cases.( ) 22. Idioms can be classified in different ways but the classification according to grammatical function is the most helpful way.( ) 23. Commonization involves proper nouns used as common words.( ) 24. In some pairs of antonyms, the marked terms cover the meaning of the unmarked.( ) 25. V ariations of idioms are the idioms whose forms are modified.( ) 26. Non-basic vocabulary includes terminology, Anglo-Saxon words, argot and neologisms.( ) 27. Aliens, semantic loans, translation-loans and denizens are all borrowings.( ) 28. The three sources of new words are creation, semantic change and borrowing.( ) 29. Modern English is considered to be an analytic language.( ) 30. The minimal free form of a language is a morpheme.( ) 31. Derivational morphemes are used to form new words.( ) 32. Compounding involves the combination of affixes and bases.( ) 33. Partial conversion is a process of using adjectives as ordinary nouns.( ) 34. Motivation accounts for the connection between the linguistic symbol and its meaning.( ) 35. Associative meaning consists of connotative meaning, stylistic meaning,affective meaning and emotive meaning.( ) 36. Polysemy is concerned with words of more than one meaning.( ) 37. The most important source of English synonyms is shortening.( ) 38. Associated transfer involves words used in their figurative sense.( ) 39. Objective meaning shows that the subject (or agent) is the one to beaffected by the action of the verb.( ) 40. Complementaries are antonyms characterized by “mutual exclusion” and “gradability”.( ) 41. The superordinate term covers the concept of the subordinate.( ) 42. Elevation is also known as amelioration.( ) 43. “villain” is an example of degradation.( ) 44. Linguistic context refers to the words, clauses, sentences, paragraphs andeven cultural background.( ) 45. Ambiguity is often caused by inadequate context.( ) 46. Idioms are generally informal in nature.( ) 47. Structurally, idioms can never be changed.( ) 48. The four major foreign contributors to the development of Englishvocabulary are Latin, Greek, French and Scandinavian.( ) 49. Relative synonyms may differ in denotation, connotation and application.( )50. The contemporary vocabulary expansion of English is mainly by borrowing and affixation. ( ) 51. Old English refers to the language used between 100 and 450.( ) 52. “Radiation” shows that the derived meanings of a polysemant are not directly r elated to the primary meaning.( ) 53. The connection between sound and meaning is conventional and arbitrary.( ) 54. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym.( ) 55. Content words are numerous and more frequently used than functional words on average.( ) 56. Extra-linguistic context refers to the physical situation or culturalbackground.( ) 57. During the Middle English period, Celtic, Latin and English existed side byside.( ) 58. Inadequate context is often the cause of ambiguity.( ) 59. Compounding is the process of creating new words by combining affixes and bases.( )60. In some pairs of antonyms, one term may cover the meaning of the other word.( )61. In a natural language, most words are non-motivated.( )62. Inflectional affixes are grammatical markers.( )63. Concept and sense mean the same and thus are interchangeable.( )64. A form to which an affix of any kind can be added is called a stem.( )65. Contradictory terms are non-gradable.( )66. Acronyms are words of initial letters which are pronounced as commonwords.( )67. Grammatical meaning refers to part of speech, tenses of verbs, stylisticfeatures of words and so on.( )68. What remains of a word after the removal of all affixes is a stem.( )69. Affective meaning indicates the attitude of the user, whether positive ornegative.( )70. The connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which aregenerally found in the dictionary.( )71. Idioms are set phrases whose meaning is often difficult or impossible to infer from the constituent words.( )72. In modern times, vocabulary develops mainly by means of changingmeanings of old words.( )73. Most of the newly created words are associated with the change of life style and society.( )74. Homographs are words identical in form but different in pronunciation.( ) 75. Homonyms come mainly from borrowing—the most important source.( ) 76. Middle English lasted for more than four hundred years.( ) 77. Borrowing has brought most synonyms to the English language.( ) 78. The characteristics of the basic word stock include all national character,denizens and productivity.( ) 79. The superordinate differs from the subordinate in that the former covers theconcept of the latter.( ) 80. Words of old English were full of endings.( ) 81. The way to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is mainly to see theirorigins as well as sense relatedness.( ) 82. Modern English is an analytic language.( ) 83. Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion.( ) 84. Denizens are words which were borrowed from other languages but laterbecame assimilated into the English language.( ) 85. Lexical context refers to the words that appear only before the lexical itemin question.( ) 86. Generally speaking, native words have a higher frequency of use than loanwords.( ) 87. Reference refers to the relationship between the linguistic symbols and theobjective world.( ) 88. Free morphemes are morphemes which alone can be used as words.( ) 89. Context gives a polysemic word a definite meaning.( ) 90. Half-converted adjectives are used as common nouns while full-convertedones still retain adjective features.( ) 91. Motivation explains why a particular word of a language has a particularmeaning.( ) 92. By origin English is more closely related to German than to French.( ) 93. Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning is unstable and indeterminate.( ) 94. Prefixes do not generally change part of speech whereas suffixes do.( ) 95. In the phrase “the tongues of fire”, the word fire is semantically motivated.( ) 96. The origins of words are a key factor that distinguishes homonyms from polysemants.( ) 97. The objective meaning implies that the subject of the sentence is the one affected by the action.( ) 98. The meaning of a word which is etymologically motivated is closely related to its origin.( ) 99. The result of the human cognition of the objective world is called concept.( )100. Borrowing has brought most synonyms to the English language.( )101. “Radiation” shows that the derived meanings of a polysemant are not directly related to the primary meaning.( )102. The connection between sound and meaning is conventional and arbitrary.( )103. A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym.( )104. Content words are numerous and more frequently used than functional words on average.( ) 105. The characteristics of the basic word stock include all national character,denizens and productivity.( ) 106. During the Middle English period, Celtic, Latin and English existed side by side.( ) 107. Inadequate context is often the cause of ambiguity.( ) 108. The way to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is mainly to see their origins as well as sense relatedness.( )109. In some pairs of antonyms, one term may cover the meaning of the other word.( )110. Aliens are words of the native element.( )111. Denizens are words which were borrowed from other languages but laterbecame assimilated into the English language.( )112. Inflectional affixes are grammatical markers.( )113. Concept and sense mean the same and thus are interchangeable.( )114. Reference refers to the relationship between the linguistic symbols and theobjective world.( )115. Contradictory terms are non-gradable.( )116. Acronyms are words of initial letters which are pronounced as common words.( )117. Grammatical meaning refers to part of speech, tenses of verbs, stylistic features of words and so on.( )118. Half-converted adjectives are used as common nouns while full-convertedones still retain adjective features.( )119. Affective meaning indicates the attitude of the user, whether positive or negative.( )120. The connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generally found in the dictionary. ( )121. Prefixes do not generally change part of speech whereas suffixes do.( )122. In modern times, vocabulary develops mainly by means of changing meanings of old words.( )123. Most of the newly created words are associated with the change of life style and society.( )124. The objective meaning implies that the subject of the sentence is the oneaffected by the action.一、答案1、T 2. T 3. F 4. T 5. T 6. T 7. T 8. F 9. F 10. T11. F 12. T 13. T 14. T 15. T 16. F 17. F 18. T 19. T 20. T21. T 22. T 23. T 24. F 25. T 26. T 27. T 28. T 29. T 30. F31. T 32. F 33. F 34. T 35. F 36. T 37. F 38. T 39. T 40. F41. T 42. T 43. T 44. F 45. T 46. T 47. F 48. T 49. T 50. F51. F 52. F 53. T 54. F 55. F 56. T 57. F 58. T 59. F 60. T61. T 62. T 63. F 64. T65. T 66. T 67. F 68. F 69. T 70. F71. T 72. F 73. F 74. T 75. T 76. F 77. T 78. F 79. T 80. T81. T 82. T 83. T 84. T 85. F 86. T 87. T 88. T 89. T 90. F91. T 92. T 93. T 94. T 95. T 96. F 97. T 98. T 99. T 100. T101. F 102. T 103. F 104. F 105. F 106. F 107. T 108. T 109. T 110. F111. T 112. T 113. F 114. T 115. T 116. T 117. F 118. F119. T 120. F 121. T 122. F 123. F 124. TII. Analyze the following words and say how they are formed, and put your answers in the brackets:（每词0.5分）Example: disobey ( prefixation)headache (compounding ) newton ( commonization)expresident (prefixation ) book (v) (conversion )ID (acronymy ) brunch (blending )enthuse (backformation ) deadline (compounding )tick-tuck (duplication ) quake (clipping )kodak (commonization ) exwife (prefixation )elbow(v) (conversion ) laser (acronymy )autocide (blending ) laze (backformation ) historic (suffixation ) bow-wow (duplication ) bike (clipping )airline ( compounding ) changeable (affixation/suffixation)postwar (prefixation ) NA TO (acronymy )bike (clipping ) smog (blending )donate (backformation ) ampere (proper words )antinuclear (prefixation ) daydreaming (compounding ) lase (back-formation ) copter (clipping/front clipping) newly-weds (conversion ) cutthroat (compounding ) memorize (affixation/suffixation) botel (blendin ) tantalize (proper names ) VIP (acronymy ) quake (clipping ) defeather (affixation/prefixation)三、填空答案1．meaning; conventional 2. affixation; compounding; conversion 3. root4. prefixes; suffixes5. synonym; relative6. superordinate; subordinate7. context; linguistic; extra-linguistic/non-linguistic 8. minimal/smallest; meaning; syntactic9. Latin; Scandinavian10. stem 11. verbs; adjectives 12. stylistic 13. semantic; related14. elevation/ amelioration; transfer/transference 15. morphological 16. concept17．intrinsic/logical meaning arbitrary 18. Latin Greek Scandinavian19. morpheme prefixes 20. suffixes unmarked 21. marked extension/generalization22. Anglo-saxon 23、affixation compounding conversion (注：位置可以调换)24．Latin Greek French (注：位置可以调换)25. derivation affixes26. superordinate subordinate 27. stable/fixed functional higher28. intrinsic/logical meaning arbitrary 29. affix 30. extension/generalization31.. antonyms contrary 32. elevation narrowing/specialization 33. connotativeIII. Fill in the blanks according to the coursebook and write your answers on thecorresponding lines. （每空1分）1. The connection between sound and is arbitrary and .2. The three major means of word-formation are , and .3. The form which remains after all affixes are removed is called .4. generally do not change part of speech whereas do.5. The words which are fully identical in meaning are called absolute and all the others care calledsynonyms.6. In hyponymy the term which denotes something general is and the term which conveys a specificmeaning is .7. falls into two kinds, namely context and context.8. A word is the free form which has a give sound, andfunction.9. The major foreign elements which contribute greatly to English vocabulary are, Greek, French and .10. The form which remains after removing an inflectional affix is called .11. The words which are involved in conversion are nouns, and .12. The stylistic features of words form their meaning.13. field refers to a set of words which are semantically .14. The modes of semantic change in words include extension, narrowing,, degradation and .15. motivation refers to the words whose meanings are suggested by their morphological structure.16. is one of the three kinds of meaning which has nothing to do withlanguage.17. There is no ______ relationship between sound and ______ as the connecion between them is ______ andconventional.18. The three main foreign languages that have affected the English vocabulary most are ______, ______ and______.19. A minimal meaningful unit of a language is ______.20. Generally speaking, ______ do not change part of speech of the stems but their meaning, whereas ______do.21. Among pairs of antonyms, the ______ term covers the meaning of the ______ term.22. ______ is the change of meaning from specific to general.23. The major means of word-formation are ______, ______ and ______.24. The three main foreign languages that have affected the English vocabulary most are ______, ______ and______.25. Affixation, also called ______, is the formation of new words by adding ______ to stems.26. Hyponymy deals with the relation of semantic inclusion. The general term is ______ and the specific termsare ______.27. Content words are changing all the time whereas functional words are ______. ______ words enjoy a______ frequency in use than content words.28. There is no ______ relationship between sound and ______ as the connection between them is ______ andconventional.29. A morpheme attached to a stem or root is ______.30. ______ is the change of meaning from specific to general.31. Words which are opposite in meaning are called ______, among which ______ terms are gradable andallow intermediate members.32. When a word changes its meaning from negative to positive, it goes through the process ______ and theopposite process is called ______.33. The overtones and associations suggested by the conceptual meaning is ____ meaning.IV选择答案：1. D 2. C 3. A 4. A 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. A10.B 11. B12.C 13.C 14.D 15. A16. B 17. C 18.D 19.D 20.D 21. D 22. A 23. B24. D 25. C 26. D 27. B 28. C 29. D 30.B 31.C 32. A 33. B 34. DIV. Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. 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In a broad sense, it includes the physical situation including the people, time, place and even the whole cultural background.4、marked terms:Many pairs of antonyms contain specific words and general words. In such a pair, thespecific word is included in meaning within the general word. The specific words are called marked terms.5、transfer :Words which were used to designate one thing but later changed to mean something else haveexperienced transfer.6、ambiguity: If there is more than one meaning for a word used in a context, ambiguity occurs. Ambiguity is mainly。

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They differ in ________.选项: 1.connotative meaning2. emotive meaning3.stylistic meaning4.all the above答案: 421. 题干: He’s nice, but he hasn’t much brain. _________.选项: 1. Simile2. metaphor3.Metonymy4.synecdoche答案: 322. 题干: Which of the following is not associative meaning?选项: 1.collocative meaning2.stylistic meaning3.affective meaning4.primary meaning答案: 423. 题干: One billion is ________ in British English.选项: 1. 1,000,000,0002.1,000,000,000,0003.1,000,0004.1,000,000,000,000,000答案: 224. 题干: The morpheme “-s”in “desks”is ________ morpheme.选项: 1.derivational2. free3. inflectional4. root答案: 325. 题干: ________ are contrary terms.选项: 1.dead / alive2. parent / child3. single / married4. like / dislike答案: none26. 题干: The first people known to inhabit the British Isles were ________. Their languages were dialects of still another branch of the In-do-European Language Family ________.选项: 1.German / Germanic2. Celts / Celtic3.Italian / Italic4. Sweden / Swedish答案: 227. 题干: The modes of modem English vocabulary grow through three major channels: ________ , semantic change and __________.选项: 1.exchange/lending2. derivation/borrowing3.creation/borrowing4.affixation/creation答案: 328. 题干: Conversion is a method of ______.选项: 1.turning words of one part of speech into those of a different part of speech2.converting words of one meaning into those of a different meaning3. deriving words by grammatical means4. changing words in morphological structure答案: 129. 题干: Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of _________.选项: 1. prefixation2.suffixation3.acronymy4.conversion答案: 230. 题干: Associative meaning is NOT affected by _________.选项: 1. experience2.culturenguage4. education答案: 331. 题干: Words mainly involved in conversion are ________.选项: 1.nouns, verbs and adverbs2. nouns, adjectives and verbs3.nouns, prepositions and verbs4. adjectives, adverbs and verbs答案: 232. 题干: The word “neck”in the phrase “the neck of the bottle” is related to _______.选项: 1. onomatopoeic motivation2. semantic motivation3. morphological motivation4.etymological motivation答案: 233. 题干: Nouns converted from adjectives have all the characteristics of nouns and achieve a full noun status, thus known as __________.选项: 1. partial conversion2. full conversion3. functional shift4. grammatical shift答案: 234. 题干: Modern English began with the establishment of ________ in England.选项: 1.printing2.Bourgeois Revolution3.Industrial Revolution4. Renaissance Time答案: 135. 题干: Which of the following word is formed by clipping ?选项: 1.kg2.hi-fi4.dorm答案: 436. 题干: Coumounding is also called .选项: 1.acronymy2.derivationposition4.conversion答案: 337. 题干: The derivational process, in which an item is converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix, is called ______.选项: 1.full conversion2.partial conversion3.functional shift4.zero-derivation答案: 438. 题干: Back-formation is the method of creating words by ______ the supposed suffixes.选项: 1.removing2.shortening3.adding4.writing答案: 139. 题干: Collocation can affect the ______.选项: 1.the meaning of words2. the structure of the sentences3.the spelling of words4.the function of the words答案: 140. 题干: Extension of meaning is also known as .选项: 1.elevation2.transfer3.generalization4.specialization答案: 341. 题干: Connotative meaning is unstable, varying considerably according to __________.选项: 1.culture2.historical period3.the experience of the individual4.all the above答案: 442. 题干: Grammatical meaning refers to .选项: 1.part of speech2.tense3.singualr and plural meaning4.all the above答案: 443. 题干: There are two main approaches to the study of English words namely ________.选项: 1.descriptive and prescriptive2.synchronic and diachronic3.spoken and written4. competence and performance答案: 244. 题干: Words identical only in spelling but different in sound and meaning are .选项: 1. Homographs2.Perfect homonyms3. Homophones4.Synonymy答案: 145. 题干: AIDS is a word of .选项: 1.blend2.initialism3.acronym4.clipping答案: 346. 题干: The general estimate of the present-day English vocabulary is over .选项: 1.500,0002.1,000,0003.100,0004.10,000,000答案: 247. 题干: Composition and compounding are .选项: 1.near-synonyms2.homonyms3.relative synonym4.absolute synonym答案: 448. 题干: are medium－sized dictionaries.选项: 1.Desk dictionaries2.Unabridged dictionaries3.Monolingual dictionaries4.Bilingual dictionaries答案: 149. 题干: "Paper" in "today’s paper" means "newspaper". Its meaning is determined by the .选项: 1.non-linguistic context2.extra-context3.grammatical context4.lexical context答案: 450. 题干: Degradation of meaning is the opposite of semantic .选项: 1.narrowing2.elevation3.transfer4.expansion答案: 251. 题干: The old meaning of "liquor" is liquid.But now it means alcoholic drink. It is a process of .选项: 1.degradation2.extension3.elevation4.narrowing答案: 452. 题干: Conceptual meaning is also known as .选项: 1.denotative meaning2.collocative meaning3.lexical meaning4.connotative meaning答案: 153. 题干: The word “reading-lamp”is _________ motivated.选项: 1.phonetically2.semantically3.morphologically4.non-答案: 354. 题干: By means of, a speaker indicates which things in the world (including persons) are being talked about .选项: 1.concept2.reference3.sense4.symbol答案: 255. 题干: The word “law－abiding”is a .选项: 1.verb compound2.adjective compound3.advervb compound4.noun compound答案: 256. 题干: “－fy”is a suffix.选项: 1.noun2.verb3.adverb4.adjective答案: 257. 题干: The word “recollection” has morphemes.选项: 1.12.23.34.4答案: 358. 题干: The minimal meaningful unit is known as .选项: 1.morphemes2.phonemes3.words4.allomorphs答案: 159. 题干: It is assumed that the world has approximately 3,000 (some put it 5,000) languages, which can be grouped into roughly language families on the basis of similarities in their basic word stock and grammar.选项: 1.1002.2003.3004.400答案: 360. 题干: Words may fall into and by notion.选项: 1.basic word stock, nonbasic vocabulary2.content words, functional words3.native words, borrowed words4.speaking words, written words答案: 361. 题干: are words borrowed early in the past and now are well assimilated into the English language.选项: 1.Denizens2.Aliens3.Translations-loans4.Semantic-loans答案: 162. 题干: Old English has a vocabulary of about to words.选项: 1.200,000, 300,0002.500,000, 600,0003.20,000, 30,0004.50,000, 60,000答案: 463. 题干: The minimal meaningful units are known as .选项: 1.allomorphs2.free morphemes3.morphemes4.words答案: 364. 题干: The form －’s in the man’s role is a .选项: 1.bound root2.prefix3.suffix4.inflectional affix答案: 465. 题干: A is that part of a wordform that remains when all inflectional and derivational affixes have been removed.选项: 1.root2.stem3.morpheme4.affix答案: 166. 题干: is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems.选项: 1.affixation2.blending3.conversionpounding答案: 467. 题干: Which of the following word is formed by prefixation?选项: 1.without2.dislike3.darken4.pass答案: 268. 题干: The formation of new words by converting words of one class to another class is called .选项: 1.clippingpounding3.conversion4.acronymy答案: 369. 题干: The most productive conversion is the conversion thattakes place between and .选项: 1.nouns, verbs2.ajectives, nouns3.adjectives, verbs4.verbs, adverbs答案: 170. 题干: The formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word is .选项: 1.blendingpounding,3.affixation4.clipping答案: 171. 题干: The word workfare is a blend formed by .选项: 1.head+tail2.head+head3.head+word4.word+tail答案: 472. 题干: The word disco is formed by .选项: 1.acronymy2.clipping3.blendingpounding答案: 273. 题干: The speaker’s attitude towards the person or thing in question is known as .选项: 1.connotative meaning2.stylistic meaning3.affective meaning4.collocative meaning答案: 374. 题干: The word greenhorn is -motivated.选项: 1.semantically2.morphologically3.etymologically4.non答案: 475. 题干: are generally defined as words different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling.选项: 1.Polysemants2.Synonyms3.Homonyms4.Hyponyms答案: 376. 题干: Policeman and constable are different in .选项: 1.denotation2.connotation3.application4.collocative meaning答案: 277. 题干: refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnigns to positions of importance.选项: 1.Extension2.Narrowing3.Elevation4.Degradation答案: 378. 题干: The relationship between flower and tulip is .选项: 1.Homonymy2.synonymy3.polysemy4.hyponymy答案: 479. 题干: In some cases, the meaning of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs. This is what we call context.选项: 1.lexical2.linguistic3.grammatical4.extra-linguistic答案: 380. 题干: The idiom rough and ready has used .选项: 1.alliteration2.repetion3.simile4.euphemism答案: 181. 题干: Complete the following idiom: now never.选项: 1.and2.to3.or4.after答案: none82. 题干: The translation of the idiom "The pot calls the cattle black" into Chinese may be .选项: 1.闻言知人2.入乡随俗3.不可以貌取人4.五十步笑百步答案: 483. 题干: Unabridged dictionaries should be large in scope andsize, containing at least headwords.选项: 1.100,0002.200,0003.300,000答案: 284. 题干: If one wishes to express a certain idea but does not know the word, the best source is a .选项: 1.dictionary of usage2.dictinary of synonyms3.encyclopedic dictionary4.thesaurus答案: 485. 题干: Which of the groups are all words of American spellings?选项: 1.draft, jail, fulfil2.draft,gaol,fulfil3.draught, gaol, fulfill4.draught, jail, fulfill答案: 186. 题干: A Chinese-English Dictionary is a dictionary.选项: 1.monolingual2.bilingual3.pocket4.unabridged答案: 287. 题干: The type of transfer that the word growthsin “Nails are thin growths at the ends of the finger s” has experienced is .选项: 1.associated transfer2.concrete to abstract3.abstract to concrete4.transfer of sensation答案: 388. 题干: The old meaning of journal is daily paper. But now it means periodical. Then its meaning has experienced .选项: 1.degradation2.elevation3.narrowing4.extension答案: 489. 题干: The old meaning of silly is happy. But now it means foolish. Then its meaning has experienced .选项: 1.extension3.elevation4.degradation答案: 490. 题干: Dear and deer are .选项: 1.homographs2.homophones3.perfect homonyms4.polysemants答案: 2试题种类:判断题回顶部1. 题干: A word can be defined in different ways from different points of view.答案: true2. 题干: The words a person can use in speaking and writing form his active vocabulary.答案: true3. 题干: Borrowing has brought most synonyms to the English language.答案: true4. 题干: A word which has a synonym naturally has an antonym.答案: false5. 题干: Content words are numerous and more frequently used than functional words on average.答案: false6. 题干: The characteristics of the basic word stock include all national character, denizens and productivity.答案: false7. 题干: During the Middle English period, Celtic, Latin and English existed side by side.答案: false8. 题干: Inadequate context is often the cause of ambiguity.答案: true9. 题干: The way to differentiate homonyms from polysemants is mainly to see their origins as well as sense relatedness.答案: true10. 题干: In some pairs of antonyms, one term may cover the meaning of the other word.答案: true11. 题干: Aliens are words of the native element.答案: false12. 题干: Denizens are words which were borrowed from other languages but later became assimilated into the English language.答案: true13. 题干: Inflectional affixes are grammatical markers.答案: true14. 题干: Concept and sense mean the same and thus are interchangeable.答案: false15. 题干: Reference refers to the relationship between the linguistic symbols and the objective world.答案: true16. 题干: Contradictory terms are non-gradable.答案: true17. 题干: Acronyms are words of initial letters which are pronounced as common words.答案: true18. 题干: Grammatical meaning refers to part of speech, tenses of verbs, stylistic features of words and so on.答案: false19. 题干: Half-converted adjectives are used as common nouns while full-converted ones still retain adjective features.答案: false20. 题干: Affective meaning indicates the attitude of the user, whether positive or negative.答案: true21. 题干: The connotative meaning is also known as connotations, which are generally found in the dictionary.答案: false22. 题干: Prefixes do not generally change part of speech whereas suffixes do.答案: true23. 题干: In modern times, vocabulary develops mainly by means of changing meanings of old words.答案: false24. 题干: Old English was a highly inflected language.答案: true25. 题干: A free morpheme is a morpheme that can stand alone.答案: true26. 题干: Homonyms come mainly from borrowing—the most important source.答案: false27. 题干: Middle English lasted for more than four hundred years.答案: false28. 题干: Old English refers to the language used between 100 and 450.答案: false29. 题干: Extra-linguistic context refers to the physical situation or cultural background.答案: true30. 题干: The superordinate differs from the subordinate in that the former covers the concept of the latter.答案: true31. 题干: Compounding is the process of creating new words by combining affixes and bases.答案: false32. 题干: Hyponymy deals with the relationship of semantic inclusion.答案: true33. 题干: In a natural language, most words are non-motivated.答案: true34. 题干: Lexical context refers to the words that appear only before the lexical item in question.答案: false35. 题干: A form to which an affix of any kind can be added is called a stem.答案: true36. 题干: Free morphemes are morphemes which alone can be used as words.答案: true37. 题干: Context gives a polysemic word a definite meaning.答案: true38. 题干: What remains of a word after the removal of all affixes is a stem.答案: false39. 题干: Motivation explains why a particular word of a language has a particular meaning.答案: true40. 题干: By origin English is more closely related to German than to French.答案: true41. 题干: Unlike conceptual meaning, associative meaning isunstable and indeterminate.答案: true42. 题干: Idioms are set phrases whose meaning is often difficult or impossible to infer from the constituent words.答案: true43. 题干: In the phrase “the tongues of fire”, the word fire is semantically motivated. 答案: false44. 题干: Homographs are words identical in form but different in pronunciation.答案: true45. 题干: The meaning of a word which is etymologically motivated is closely related to its origin.答案: true46. 题干: The result of the human cognition of the objective world is called concept. 答案: true47. 题干: Dictionaries in which words are explained in the same language are called monolingual dictionaries.答案: true48. 题干: Small-sized dictionaries are called pocket dictionaries, which are designed only for beginners.答案: false49. 题干: Non-linguistic context refers to context of situation, culture and style.答案: false50. 题干: Word-meaning is generally understood without context.答案: true51. 题干: Scandinavian languages refer to Icelandic, Norwegian, Danish and Swedish.答案: true52. 题干: Old English was a highly inflected language.答案: true53. 题干: The four major foreign contributors to English vocabulary in earlier times are Latin, French, Scandinavian and Italian.答案: false54. 题干: Middle English absorbed a tremendous number of foreign words but with little change in word endings.答案: false55. 题干: Compounds are words formed by combining affixes and stems.答案: false56. 题干: Open compounds look like free phrases as the elements forming each word are written separately.答案: true57. 题干: As a rule, the stress of compounds falls on the first element.答案: true58. 题干: The meaning of a compound is usually the combination of the stems.答案: false59. 题干: A compound functions as a single grammatical unit, so the internal structure can not be changed.答案: true60. 题干: An alternative for conversion is functional shift. .答案: true61. 题干: Such words as the poor, the departed, a Republican are all examples of partial conversion.答案: false62. 题干: Partial conversion and full conversion are concerned with adjectives when converted to nouns.答案: true63. 题干: The conversion between nouns and verbs may involve a change of stress. 答案: true64. 题干: Collocation can affect the meaning of words答案: true65. 题干: Perfect homonyms share the same spelling and pronunciation.答案: true66. 题干: Most homonyms are words that are the same in spelling, but differ in sound and meaning.答案: false67. 题干: Homonyms are words whose meanings are closely related.答案: false68. 题干: Synonyms are identical in denotation but only different in style and affection.答案: false69. 题干: The major difference between unlike-dissimilar, homely-domestic is stylistic and that between black-nigger, determined-pigheaded is affective.答案: true70. 题干: In the actual context, the words which are quite different in dictionary meaning can form synonyms.答案: true71. 题干: If the words differ in range and intensity of meaning, the words are not identical in denotation.答案: true72. 题干: To choose the right synonyms in group, we should find out the difference in conceptual meaning, in colouringand in usage.答案: true73. 题干: Words which have opposite meanings are called antonyms.答案: true74. 题干: Contradictory terms do not show degrees.答案: true75. 题干: Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between.答案: false76. 题干: The unmarked term of an antonymous pair often covers the meaning of the marked.答案: true77. 题干: Relative terms are relational opposites, which include verbs reversing the action of each other.答案: true78. 题干: Antonyms should be opposites of similar intensity.答案: true79. 题干: An idiom contains at least two words.答案: true80. 题干: Idioms are fixed in structure and so can never be changed.答案: false81. 题干: Idioms are usually difficult to understand because the meanings of idioms are not in many cases the total of individual words.答案: true82. 题干: Some idioms deny analysis in terms of grammar答案: true83. 题干: All idioms are used in their figurative senses.答案: true84. 题干: Since each idiom is a semantic whole, each can be replaced by a single word.答案: false85. 题干: Semantic unity and structural stability are general features of idioms, but there are many exceptions.答案: true86. 题干: concatenation is a semantic process in which the primary meaning stands at the centre and the secondary meanings proceed out of it in every direction like rays.答案: false87. 题干: Synchronically, polysemy is viewed as the coexistence of various meanings of the same word in a certain historical period of time答案: true88. 题干: From the synchronic point of view, polysemy is assumed to be the result of growth and development of the semantic structure of one and same word.答案: false89. 题干: In the idiom "from cradle to grave", synecdoche is used.答案: false90. 题干: In some cases, the meanings of a word may be influenced by the structure in which it occurs. This is what we call lexical context.答案: false试题种类:填空题1. 题干: words denote clear notions and thus are known as words.答案: Content, notional2. 题干: Archaisms are words no longer in use or in use.答案: common, obsolete3. 题干: Words that have emotive values may fall into two categories or . 答案: appreciative, pejorative4. 题干: The language used between 450 and is called Old English , which has a vocabulary of .答案: 1150, 50000-600005. 题干: The major means of word-formation are ______, conversion and ______.答案: affixation，compounding6. 题干: The three main foreign languages that have affected the English vocabulary most are ______, Greek and ______.答案: Latin，French7. 题干: Affixation, also called ______, is the formation of new words by adding ______ to stems.答案: derivation，affixes8. 题干: Generally speaking, ______ do not change part of speech of the stems but their meaning, whereas ______ do.答案: prefixes，suffixes9. 题干: Hyponymy deals with the relation of semantic inclusion. The general term is ______ and the specific terms are ______.答案: superordinate，subordinate10. 题干: ______ words enjoy a ______ frequency in use than content words.答案: functional, higher11. 题干: There is no intrinsic relationship between sound and ______ as the connection between them is ______ and conventional.答案: meaning,arbitrary12. 题干: Extension is the change of meaning from to .答案: specific, general.13. 题干: Words which are opposite in meaning are called ______, among which ______ terms are gradable and allow intermediate members.答案: antonyms, contrary14. 题干: The words which are fully identical in meaning are called ______ and all the others care called ______ synonyms.答案: absolute/complete synonyms, relative15. 题干: When a word changes its meaning from negative to positive, it goes through the process ______ and the opposite process is called ______.答案: elevation, degradation16. 题干: Generally speaking, ______ do not change part of speech of the stems but their meaning, whereas ______ do.答案: prefixes, suffixes17. 题干: Among pairs of antonyms, the ______ term covers the meaning of the _____ term.答案: unmarked，marked18. 题干: A semantic field is a area where words share the same .答案: meaning, concept19. 题干: A semantic field is useful because it helps pin down the of words in relation to other words in the .答案: meanings，semantic field20. 题干: Words may fall into the and by use frequency.答案: basic word stock, non-basic vocabulary21. 题干: Content words are also known as while functional words are also called words.答案: notional, functional22. 题干: As far as the origins of words are concerned, English words can be classified into and .答案: native words, borrowed words23. 题干: Wecan subdivide modern English into and Modern English.答案: Early, Late24. 题干: Bound morphemes included two types: and .答案: bound root, affix25. 题干: According to the functions of affixes, we can put them into two groups: and affixes.答案: inflectional, derivational26. 题干: Derivational affixes can be further divided into and .答案: prefixes, suffixes27. 题干: In the word "ex-prisoners", ex is a(n) affix while as is a(n) affix.答案: derivational, inflectional28. 题干: Compounding, also called , is the formation of new words by joining two or more stems. Words formed in this way are called .答案: composition, compounds29. 题干: Compounds can be written solid, and .答案: hyphenated, open(可以互换）30. 题干: is the formation of words by converting words of one class to another class. It is also known as .答案: Conversion, functional shift。

英语词汇学_习题集2(含答案)

【优质】华师词汇学练习测试题库

3.ambiguity
plementaries
答案: 2
8.题干: The hyponyms of‘vegetable’are ________.
选项: 1.banana, pear, jam
2. pear, apple, banana
3. cucumber, celery, peas
4.tree, pine, elm
选项: 1.Eighty-five percent
2. Fifty-six percent
3.Seventy-two percent
4. Seventy-five percent
答案: 4
3.题干: Stylistic meaning may be defined as the feature of_____ of words.
选项: 1.German / Germanic
2. Celts / Celtic
3.Italian / Italic
4. Sweden / Swedish
答案: 2
27.题干: The modes of modem English vocabulary grow through threemajor channels: ________ , semantic change and __________.
选项: 1. root
2. derivative3. rel源自tiveplementary
答案: 3
14.题干: The word“water”is _________ motivated.
选项: 1.phonetically
2. semantically
3.morphologically
2.1,000,000,000,000

2014华师词汇学练习测试题库-推荐下载

选项: 1.all national character 2. productivity 3.polysemy 4.collocability
答案: 1
6. 题干: Which of the following is NOT true________. 选项: 1. A word is the smallest form of a langue 2. A word is a sound unity 3. A word has a given meaning
答案: 3
4. 题干: Non-basic vocabulary includes ________. 选项: 1.argot and jargon 2. archaisms and neologisms 3.technical terms 4. all the above 答案: 4
5. 题干: Of the five characteristics listed for the basic word stock, the most important is ________.
试题种类:单项选择 1. 题干: Functional words are ________.
选项:1. adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions 2. adjective, nouns, articles 3. articles, prepositions, conjunctions 4.verbs, pronouns, prepositions
18. 题干: Motel is a/an is ________. 选项: 1.blend 2. clipped word 3.initialism 4. acronym 答案: 1

2014年9月华南师范大学《语用与交际》作业考核试题及满分答案

2014年9月华南师范大学《语用与交际》作业考核试题及满分答案、单选题（共30 道试题，共60 分。

）1. The derivational process, in which an item is converted to a new word class without the addition of an affix, is called （）.A. compoundingB. back-formationC. functional shiftD. derivation满分：2 分2. Jack phones Hsiao Song's office.Jack: Hello, I'd like to speak to Song Hua, please.Song: （）A. I'm Song Hua.B. This is Song Hua speaking.C. Oh, come on. You've got time for one more cup of coffee, surely?D. Well, it's still early. There's no hurry.满分：2 分3. If your English teacher uses a Latin word you don't know, you mightA. say nothing and pretend that you have understood.B. say, "Please repeat."C. say, "I'm sorry. What did you say just now?D. say, "I'm sorry, I didn't understand what you said. Could you please repeat that last word?"满分：2 分4. If someone gives you directions in English so quickly that you don't understand, you might respond:A. " Excuse me, I'm still learning the language. Could you repeat that a little more slowly?"B. " Thank you. I appreciate your help."C. " Could you repeat that?"D. Try to repeat the direction to the person.满分：2 分5. （）implicatures are produced by relating to the conversational context.A. conventionalB. conversationalC. conventional and conversationalD. all the above满分：2 分6. （）is the study of "the formal relations of signs to one another".A. SemanticsB. SyntacticsC. PragmaticsD. semiotics满分：2 分7. When introducing yourself to someone you don't know at a party, what would you say?A. Hi, I'm .B. May I introduce myself to you and at the same time I make your acquaintance?C. Hi, I'd like to meet you.D. Hi, I'm . Do you know many people here?满分：2 分8. If you are attending a family gathering and would like to know what the familial relationship is between one member and another, you may ask:A. How are you related?B. Is he your...?C. Who's that woman?D. What's the relationship between you and that woman?满分：2 分9. If someone gives you directions in English so quickly that you don't understand, you might respond:（）A. " Excuse me, I'm still learning the language. Could you repeat that a little more slowly?"B. " Thank you. I appreciate your help."C. " Could you repeat that?"D. Try to repeat the direction to the person.满分：2 分10. Hsiao Ma is an interpreter. One day a foreign visitor, Mr Brown, talks to him.Brown: Your English is quite fluent.Ma:（）A. Thank you. It's kind of you to say so.B. No, no, my English is poor.C. No, not at all.D. Oh, no, far from that. I still have a long way to go.满分：2 分11. Wei Dong met his English teacher, Dr Johns, outside the classroom.We:（）A. Hi, Dr Johns.B. Hello, teacher.C. Morning, Dr Johns.D. Good morning, teacher Johns.满分：2 分12. The （）suggests that there are different degrees of being polite.A. Conversational implicatureB. property of gradationC. Notion of faceD. feature of indeterminacy满分：2 分13. In the street a man wants to smoke a cigarette, but he has no match. He asks a stranger.A. "Got a match, mate?"B. "Would you be so kind as to give me a match?"C. "Can I borrow your fire?"D. "Excuse me, would you mind if I borrowed your match as I want to smoke?"满分：2 分14. " You are to be here by eight." The relationship between the speaker and the hearer is probablyA. teacher and student.B. husband and wife.C. sisters.D. friends.满分：2 分15. Mrs Brown has been spending the afternoon with an acquaintance, Mrs Sullivan. She has just got up to go. The hostess addresses her guest as follows:()A. Are you leaving yet?B. Are you leaving already?C. Aren't you leaving yet?# Aren't you leaving already?满分：2 分16. When someone compliments the watch you are wearing, you wouldA. say, "Thanks" and smile.B. give it to him.C. say, "Would you like to have it?"D. say, "Oh, this cheap thing? It's not worth much."满分：2 分17. How many sub-maxims are there in politeness principle?A. SixB. SevenC. FiveD. Four满分：2 分18. the maxim of quantity suggests that the （）is the strongest, or most informative that one can provide in the situation.A. information presentedB. speakingC. wordD. work满分：2 分19. Modern English began with the establishment of （）in England.A. printingB. Bourgeois RevolutionC. Industrial RevolutionD. Renaissance Tim满分：2 分20. On the way to the school cinema, Li saw Professor Blake walking to the cinema, too.Li: （）A. Good afternoon, Professor Blake.B. Are you going to the film?C. Where are you going?D. You're going to the film, aren't you?满分：2 分21. If you are attending a family gathering and would like to know what the familial relationship is between one member and another, you may ask:（）A. Is he your...?B. How are you related?C. Who's that woman?D. What's the relationship between you and that woman?满分：2 分22. Because language is basically culture specific, （）implicature of the same expression may vary under different cultural background.B. conversationalC. conventional and conversationalD. all the above满分：2 分23. On the way to the school cinema, Li saw Professor Blake walking to the cinema, too.Li:A. Good afternoon, Professor Blake.B. Are you going to the film?C. Where are you going?D. You're going to the film, aren't you?满分：2 分24. You've just been asked out to dinner but you don't want to go with the person who invited you. You might say:A. I don't think so. I already have plans.B. No, I really don't enjoy being with you.C. I'm dieting so I mustn't go out to eat.D. Thanks a lot but I'm busy tonight.满分：2 分25. At a bus stop Man: Excuse me, do you know which bus to catch for London Road, please?Woman:（）(He then went to another person.)A. It doesn't matter.B. Oh.C. Never mind.D. Thank you满分：2 分26. In order to understand how () principle works, we shall consider how each maxim actually works and how people observe these maxims in daily communication in the next unit.A. conventionalC. conventional and conversationalD. all the above满分：2 分27. When you are invited for the first time to the Browns' house and offered a cup of coffee, youA. can remain seated and receive it with a smile and say, "Thank you."B. should rise and say, "Thank you."C. should make a slight rising movement.D. should rise and receive it.满分：2 分28. Patrick is sitting in a car with some friends. He has just asked if anyone minds him smoking. One of the friends in the car, Gillian, is allergic to smoke. What would she say?P: Ok if I smoke here?G: （）A. Would you mind if I said no, Patrick?#Can't you stay without smoking?B. It's not Ok.C. No, of course not.满分：2 分29. If you were invited to an American guest's house for dinner now, what would be the best time to arrive?（）A. 15 minutes later.B. 15 minutes earlier.C. On time.D. 1 hour earlier.满分：2 分30. Mrs Li has been having lunch with Mrs Sullivan.Mrs Li has just explained that she has to leave.Mrs S: （）A. Do you really have to go, Mrs Li? Couldn't you at least stay for another cup of coffee?B. Oh, no, you can't.C. Oh, come on. You've got time for one more cup of coffee, surely?D. Well, it's still early. There's no hurry.满分：2 分华师14年9月《语用与交际》作业考核试题试卷总分：100 测试时间：--单选题判断题、判断题（共20 道试题，共40 分。

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