VGB Guidelines SCR脱硝催化剂测试标准

The methods proposed for the testing of the characteristic features of the catalyst are based on codes and standards, guidelines, statutory requirements, etc. Suitable test methods are established with reference to the familiar international literature, as appropriate. The present Guideline is derived from the situation as it applies to honeycomb and parallel-plate catalysts. There are also pellet catalysts, but these have hardly achieved any significance in the power plant sector. This Guideline is recommended for application by the operators and manufacturers of facilities for NOx emission reduction according to the SCR process, catalyst manufacturers and testing institutes. Tests performed to this Guideline can claim to be objective yardsticks for demonstration of compliance with the requirements of the supervisory authorities. The following institutions were involved in drawing up this second edition of the Guideline: AE&E, Austria FDBR Fachverband fOr Dampfkessel-, Beblilter- und Rohrleitungsbau e.V., Dusseldorf Germanischer Lloyd, Hamburg, as of 1997 Katalysatorenwerke Hiils GmbH, Marl KEMA Nederland B.V. L. & C. Steinmliller GmbH, Gummersbach TOY-Slid-West, Stuttgart, until 1995 SINIS GmbH, Stuttgart, as of 1995 Siemens AG, Power Generation Division, KPW Redwitz STEAG AG, Essen VEBA Kraftwerke Ruhr AG, Gelsenkirchen YGB Technical Association of Large Power Plant Operators. Essen The editors wish to express their thanks to the members of the YGB Working Group on "RoundRobin Catalyst Experiments and Test Guidelines" from the institutions involved. Essen, May 1999 VGB TECHNICAL ASSOCIATION OF LARGE POWER PLANT OPERATORS
Instead of the most commonly used gaseous anunonia from pressurised liquid anunonia tanks, aqueous anunonia (anunonium hydroxide, NH 40H) stored at atmospheric pressure (or slightly above atmospheric pressure to prevent emissions) and vaporised into a gaseous mixture may be used. Larger plants employing the SNCR process and smaller plants, e.g. cogeneration plants, using the SCR process may also use urea solution. In smaller plants it is becoming more and more common to spray anunonium hydroxide or urea solution directly into the flue gas flow without an upstream evaporator, sO that it is vaporised immediately before it makes contact with the catalyst. The SCR process operates at temperatures between 150 and 450 ClC. Especially at higher temperatures, attention must be paid in the SCR process to undesired side reactions such as oxidation of So,. to S03. Below 300 to 320 ClC, NHJ1S04 can be deposited in the catalyst and result in de-activation of the catalyst. Use of the SCR process at temperatures below 300 to 320 ClC therefore calls for upstream desulphurisation or use of a largely sulphur-free fuel. At lower catalyst service temperatures, the residual SOx content must be more severely restricted. At higher catalyst service temperatures, the high SOJ content of sulphur-rich fuels causes corrosion in the downstream equipment.
Reproduction in whole or in part only with prior permission of the publishers.
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Introductory Observations
The NO:.; emissions from non-automotive combustion facilities can be reduced by a number of primary measures adopted in the furnace or secondary measures taken in the flue gas flow. These options are of significance primarily for large firing installations operated on fossil fuels. The major secondary emission reduction technologies that were the subject of discussion or trials in the development phase were: the dry, selective reduction of NO:.: in the gas pbase without catalyst: SNCR process; the dry, selective reduction of NOli in the gas phase with solid catalyst: SeR process (ceramic catalysts); NOli reduction on activated carbon in the absence of SOli: Activated charcoal process; Only these three technologies are used on a large scale in power plant applications in Europe. AU these processes require ammonia (NH3) or a similar reducing agent that reacts selectively with NOli. Of these processes, the most commonly used is the SCR process with ceramic catalysts, testing of which is the subject of the present Guideline. These comprise honeycomb and parallel-plate catalysts. After industrial-scale use in one power plant, pellet catalysts have been replaced by other types of catalyst, and for this reason they are no longer dealt with in this Guideline (the flfst edition contained brief information concerning their testing which in principle also applies to activated charcoal
1st edition 1988: Edited by the Working Panel on "Acceptance and Testing Guidelines for Flue Gas Catalysts" of me R.heinisch· WestfaIischer Tecbnischer Oberwachungsverein e. V., Essen 2nd revised edition 1998: Prepared by lbe Working Group on "Round-Robin Cata1yst Experiments and Test Guidelines" and edited by the Working Panel -Flue Gas Cleaning Technology" of the VaB Technical Association of Large Power Plant Operators, Essen.
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in the SCR process. This Guideline specifically does not deal with function testing of the overall NOil( reduction plant, e.g. for compliance with contractual warranties or official requirements; measures for the iongMtenn monitoring of the proper functioning of the catalyst.
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Contents
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1.1 1.1.1 1.2
General
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The present Guideline serves primarily to harmonise procedures for testing ceramic catalysts used
for NO" emission reduction according to the SCR process. These are to be distinguished from
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GuideLine
Guideline for the Testing of DENOX Catalysts
Published by Technical Association of Large Power Plant Operators
VGB-R 302 H
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2nd revised edition
catalysts whicb, for process engineering reasons, are selectively intended to optimise S0:2/S0 3 conversion for the desulphurisation of flue gases from power plants. This Guideline describes methods for testing the characteristic quality features of the catalysts used Application principle Spare catalysts Dates for testing Size of sample, acceptance criteria Round-robin tests. arbitration
pellets).
The anunonia is injected into the flue gas flow via jets, mixed with the gases and, in catalytic processes, is passed across the surfaces of the catalyst. In the ensuing reaction, the NO is converted mostly into molecular nitrogen, e.g. according to
Obtainable f源自文库om: VGB-Kraftwerkstechnik GmbH
Publishers of techno-scientific papers P. O. Box 10 39 32, D-45039 Essen Tel.: +49/201/81 28-200 Fax: +49/201181 28-329 e-mail: mark@vgb-power.de
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Gu.ideline
Guideline for the Testing of DENOX Catalysts
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