2013年职称英语考试用书(理工类B级整理版)

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2013年职称英语考试理工类B级重点词汇

下面大纲中所列短语中的"to’为介词：
(be)contrary to与……相反
(be)opposed to反对
be used to习惯于
resort to诉诸于
be accustomed to习惯于
be committed to委身于
with regard to关于
admire羡慕
respect尊敬
4.alter。change，transform
alter(局部)发生变化
change(整体)发生变化
transform(物质本质/性质)发生变化
5.cure.heal
cure治愈疾病
heal治愈伤口
6.damage，destroy
damage(部分)破坏/损坏
destroy(彻底地)毁坏
7.decrease，deduce
decrease在数量和程度上减少
deduce在尺寸或速度上减少
8.assure，ensure，insure
assure使(人)相信，放心，保证
get hold of抓住，掌握
throw/cast light on使明白，阐明
have…in mind记住，考虑到，想到
come/go into operation使投入生产，使运转
keep/hold pace with跟上，与...同步
take place发生，进行
我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。
(3)动名词作介词的宾语。
几乎所有介词都可用动名词作宾语。主要有以下搭配关系：
A：动+介+动名词(we insist on your leaving…)

2013年职称英语综合类B级真题及答案(基本完整版)

2013年职称英语综合类B级真题及答案(基本完整版)第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. Come out，or I’ll bust the door down.A shutB breakC setD beat2. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.A nakedB blindC cautiousD private3. The rules are too rigid to allow for human error.A generalB inflexibleC complexD direct4. It seemed incredible that he had been there a week already.A rightB unbelievableC obviousD unclear5. These animals migrate south annually in search of food.A exploreB inhabitC preferD travel6. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.A sendB hearC confirmD spread7. She came across three children sleeping under a bridge.A found by chanceB passed byC took a notice ofD woke up8. I have little information as regards her fitness for the post.A aboutB atC withD from9. As a politician，he knows how to manipulate public opinion.A expressB divideC influenceD voice10. He was tempted by the high salary offered by the company.A taughtB keptC changedD attracted11. He paused，waiting for her to digest the information.A withholdB exchangeC understandD contact12. Make sure the table is securely anchored.A repairedB clearedC bookedD fixed13. She gets aggressive when she is drunk.A offensiveB worriedC sleepyD anxious14. There was something peculiar in the way he smiles.A differentB strangeC wrongD funny15. The contract between the two companies will expire soon.A shortenB endC startD resume第2部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2013年职称英语理工类b级新增试题完形填空和阅读理解共4题已整理可直接打印

第三篇Giant StructuresIt is an impossible task to select the most amazing wonders of the modem world since every year more _wonderful constructions appear. Here are three giant structures which are worthy of our _ admiration although they may have been surpassed by some more recent wonders.The Petronas Twin TowersThe Petronas Towers were the tallest buildings in the world when they were completed in 1999. With a _ height of 452 metres, the tall twin towers, like two thin pencils, dominate the city of Kuala Lumpur. At the 41st floor, the towers are linked by a bridge, symbolizing a gateway to the city. The American_architect Cesar Pelli designed the skyscrapers. Constructed of high-strength concrete, the building provides around 1，800 square metres of office space on every floor. And it has a shopping centre and a concert hall at the base. Other features of this impressive building include double-decker lifts, and glass and steel sunshades.The MiUau BridgeThe Millau Bridge was opened in 2004 in the Tam Valley，in southern France. _ t _ the time it was built，it was the world’s highest bridge, reaching over 340m at the highest point. The bridge is described as one of the most amazingly beautiful bridges in the world. It was built to relieve Millau's congestion problems. The congestion was then caused by traffic passing from Paris to Barcelona in Spain. The bridge was built to withstand the _ most extreme seismic and climatic conditions. Besides, it is guaranteed for 120 years!The Itaipu DamThe Itaipu hydroelectric power plant is one of the largest constructions of its kind in the world. It consists of a series of dams across the River Parana, _ which forms a natural border between Brazil and Paraguay. Started in 1975 and taking 16 years to complete, the construction was carried out as a joint project between the two _ countries The dam is well-known for both its electricity output and its size. In 1995 it produced 78% of Paraguay’s and 25% of Brazil’s _ energy needs. In its construction, the amount of iron and steel used was equivalent to over 300 Eiffel Towers. It is a _ truly amazing wonder of engineering.第八篇Why India Needs Its Dying VulturesThe vultures in question may look ugly and threatening, but the sudden sharp decline in three species of India’s vultures is producing alarm rather than celebration, and it presents the world with a new kind of environmental problem The dramatic decline in vulture numbers is causing widespread disruption to people living in the same areas as the birds . It is also causing serious public health problems across the Indian sub-continent.While their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many Indians，vultures havelong played a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over India clean. It isbecause they feed on dead cows. In India, cows are sacred animals and are traditionally left in the open when they die in their thousands upon thousands every year.The disappearance of the vultures has led to an explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these dead animals. There are fears that rabies may increase as a result. And this terrifying disease may ultimately affect humans in the region, since wild dogs are its main carriers. Rabies could also spread to other animal species, causing an even greater problem in the _ future.The need for action is urgent, so an emergency project has been launched to find a solution to this serious vulture problem. Scientists are trying to identify the disease causing the birds，deaths and, if possible, develop a cure.Large-scale vulture deaths were first noticed at the end of the 1980s in India. A population survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had declined by over 90 per cent. All three species are now listed as “critically endangered”. As most vultures lay only single eggs and take about five years to reach maturity, reversing their population decline will be a long and difficult exercise.第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our StomachOur senses aren’t just delivering strict view of what’s going on in the world；they’re affected by what’s going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who’v e just eaten.Psychologists have known for decades that what’s going on,inside our head affects our senses. For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis，France，wanted to investigate how this happens. Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain’s high-level thinking processes get involved.Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her test, each student was told to arri ve at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten.For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about l/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word，each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they’d seen — a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it.Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food- related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception ,not in thinking processes, Radel says.“This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs,” Radel says.1. What does the new study mentioned in Paragraph 1 find?C Hungry people are more sensitive to food-related words than stomach-full people.2. Why was there a delay on the day of the experiment?B Because Radel wanted to create two groups of testees, hungry and non-hungry.3. What does the writer want to tell us?C Human brains can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs.4. What did the results of the experiment indicate?A 80 words flashed on the screen too fast for the participant to intentionally perceive.5. What can we infer from the passage?D Humans can perceive what they need without involving high-level thinking processes.第十九篇Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener ExperienceShimi, a musical companion developed by Georgia Tech’s Center for Music Technology, recommends songs, dances to the beat and keeps t he music pumping based on listener feedback. The smartphone-enabled, one-foot-tall robot is billed as an interactive “musical friend”.“Shimi is designed to change the way that people enjoy and think about their music，”said Professor Gil Weinberg, the robot’s creator. He will unveil the robot at the June 27th Google I/O conference in San Francisco. A band of three Shimi robots will perform for guests, dancing in sync with music created in the lab and composed according to its movements.Shimi is essentially a docking station with a “brain” powered by an Android phone. Once docked, the robot gains the sensing and musical generation capabilities of the user’s mobile device. In other words, if there’s an “app” for that, Shimi is ready. For instance, by using the phone’s camera and face-detecting software，Shimi can follow a listener around the room and position its “ears”，or speakers, for optimal sound. Another recognition feature is based on rhythm and tempo. If the user taps a beat, Shimi anal yzes it, scans the phone’s musical libraryand immediately plays the song that best matches the suggestion. Once the music starts，Shimi dances to the rhythm.“Many people think that robots are limited by their programming instructions, said Music Technology Ph. D. candidate Mason Bre tan. “Shimi shows us that robots c an be creative and interactive. ’’Future apps in the works will allow the user to shake their head in disagreement or wave a hand in the air to alert Shimi to skip to the next song or increase/decrease the volume. The robot will also have the capability to recommend new music based on the user’s song choices and provide feedback on the music play list.Weinberg hopes other developers will be inspired to create more apps to expand Shimi’s creative and interactive capabilities. “I believe that our center is ahead of a revolution that will see more robots in homes.” Weinberg said.Weinberg is in the process of commercializing Shimi through an exclusive licensing agreement with Georgia Tech. Weinberg hopes to make the robot available to consumers by the 2013 holiday season. “If robots are going to arrive in homes, we think that they will be this kind of machines一small, entertaining and fun，，，Weinberg said. “They will enhance your life and pave the way for more intelligent service ro bots in our lives.”1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the first three paragraphs?B Shimi is the creator of the musical companion.2. What does Shimi do if the user taps a beat?D It selects a perfectly-matched song and plays it in sync with that beat.3. Which of the following about Shimi is true?D Shimi can be creative and interactive.4. What does the author want to tell us?A The research center is developing a stronger and more versatile Shimi.5. Which of the following is Weinberg’s assertion?B human lives will be filled with more fun if Shimi is going to arrive in homes.。

2013年职称英语综合B第一部份

1 a branch a division2 abide by stick to3 abided by adhered to4 abnormal unusual5 abrupt sudden6 accelerate step up7 accordingly therefore8 account consideration9 accumulate build up\collect10 achieved attained11 adverse unfavorable12 advisable wise13 allocate distributed\assign14 an abundant a plentiful15 an improved a better16 annoying irritating17 anyhow anyway18 appalling dreadful19 asserted stated firmly20 assess evaluate21 at ease comfortable22 at once immediately23 attend go to24 authentically genuinely25 ban forbid26 barren bare27 blended mixed28 breaks beats29 call phone30 called off cancelled31 capabilities abilities32 capacity volume33 census count34 childish immature35 complete finish36 concise short and clear37 consideration account38 consume use39 content satisfied40 conversation talk41 convictions beliefs42 courteous respectful43 coverage reportage44 credible convincing45 damaging harmful46 deadly fatal47 debating discussing 48 decenthonest\acceptable49 deliberately intentionally50 demolished pulled down51 densely compactly52 depicts describes53 derive stem\obtained54 diligent hardworking55 dimly faintly56 diverse varied57 draft formulate58 duplicated copied59 durable long-lasting60 eligible entitled\qualified61 embodies includes62 eternal everlasting63 eventually finally64 exhaustive extremely thorough65 exhibit show66 expired died67 extinction dying out68 extract take out69 fascinated intrigued70 faulty wrong71 finds fault with criticizes72 follow understand73 framework skeleton74 gangsters violent criminals75 gazing staring76 given up abandoned77 gorgeousmagnificent\beautiful78 grasped took hold of79 hailed acclaimed80 harness utilise81 hazard danger82 heaps piles83 horrify terrify84 identical same85 identify name86 illusion false idea87 immediately at once88 immense enormous89 impact influence90 in conjunction with together91 ingenious original92 insane crazy93 insist demand94 intevitable certain95 intimately closely96 invaluable extremeky useful97 isolated solitary98 lately recently99 lawful legal100 liable likely101 lure attraction102 made up his mind decided103 manual physical104 mighty very strong105 mildly gently106 mock laugh at107 modify change108 motives reasons109 nevertheless however110 notablyparticularly\remarkably111 now and then occasionally 112 obscured prevent113 occasionallu sometimes114 occurred happened115 omitted failed116 operative working117 organizers planners118 orthodox conventional 119 outcome result120 outlook view121 outrageous unacceptable 122 overtook passed123 particularly especially\details 124 permitted allowed125 persists continues126 physician doctor127 postulated assumed128 practically almost\virtually 129 probed explored130 prolonged lengthened131 proposedsuggested\advocated132 provoked elicited133 put across explained134 put up with tolerate135 puzzle mystery136 quit give up137 rarely seldom138 readily willingly 139 regret sorry140 regulate control141 relied on depended on 142 remedy cure143 removed took off144 residents occupants 145 restrain prevent146 safe secure147 scared frightened 148 scattered separated 149 seldom rarely150 sensational exciting 151 settle solved152 shabby unfair153 shine polish154 shocked surprised 155 sketched outlined 156 space room157 speeds velocities 158 spurred encouraged 159 standpoint point of view 160 steadily continuously 161 stroll walk162 subjest topic163 summit top of the mountain164 take out extract165 tender kind166 terminated put an end to 167 tolerate bear168 touching moving169 trembled shook170 try test171 typical characteristic 172 uneasy anxious173 up to now so far174 urged advised175 utterly totally176 vague imprecise 177 vastly greatly178 vigorous healthy179 while although 180 wholly completely 181 widens broadens 182 without bias fairly183 wrecked damaged第二部分阅读判断第一篇Taking Pictures of t he WorldMeet Annie Gri ff iths Belt, a National Geographic photographer.1. Belt has never traveled to England. （Wrong）2. Belt has never traveled to Antarctica. （Right）3. Belt has worked f or a number of magazines. （Not mentioned）4. Petra is a very old city in Jordan.（Right）5. Belt can only connect with English-speakers.（Wrong）6. People can connect with each other in bad weather. （Right）7. Volunteering is one way to begin a photography career.（Right）第二篇―Own‖ your Children’ s Education 1．According to the passage, parents should help their children with their homework．C．Not mentioned2．Y ou should read your child’s textbooks so that you can teach them．B．wrong 3．Children should always take a book with them on the way back f rom school and read it aloud．C．Not mentioned4．If parents show a lot of interest in their children’s study, the children will do better at school．A．right5．It is very important that you let your children know you f eel love and concern f or them．A．right6. Parents must observe classes regularly.C．Not mentioned7. Governmental support also pays a rol e in achieving academic success.C．Not mentioned第三篇TV Game Shows1. TV can make a beggar world-famous overnight.A.Right2.The principle behind―quiz‖or―game‖shows is to put ordinary people on TV to play a game f or prizes and money. B.Wrong3. Prizes and money f or winners are usually provided by TV stars and large companies.C.Not mentioned4. One of the TV personalities, Charles V an Doren, was proved to be cheating by persuading the Show’s producers to give him the answers bef orehand.B.Wrong5.The huge scandal of cheating on TV game shows was not exposed until 40 years later in the movie―Quiz Show‖. B.Wrong6. Nowadays game shows are not treated as seriously as they used to be. A.Right7. Winners of present-day TV game shows no longer get money f rom the shows. B.Wrong第四篇Smoking1). It is easy to determine whether smoking is hazardous. B.Wrong2). Smoking reduces one’s life expectancy.A.Right3). Smoking may induce lung cancer. A.Right4). There is evidence that smoking is responsible f or breast cancer. C．Not mentioned5). Male smokers have a lower death rate from heart disease than female smokers. B.Wrong6). Nicotine is poisonous. A.Right7). Filters and low tar tobacco make smoking safe.B.Wrong第五篇Plants.and Mankind1．It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.A. Right2．People cannot survive without plants.A. Right3.Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school.B. Wrong4.Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization. B. Wrong5.Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge f rom textbooks. B. Wrong6.People living in the Middle East f irst learned to grow plants f or f ood about 10,000years ago.A. Right7.Once mankind began f arming, they no longer had to get f ood f rom many varieties that grew wild. B. Wrong第六篇Brands1. ―Brand‖ is a general term which covers narrower terms such as ―brand name‖, ―brand mark‖, and ―trademark‖. A. Right2. A brand name is intended to impress customers with an attractive and original design while a trademark is intended to do so with a peculiar sound. B. Wrong3. Trademarks are protected by law while brand names are not. B. Wrong4. Some people identif y the brand mark with the trademark. A. Right5. Among various methods of classi f ying brands, the one based on ownership is widely accepted. A. Right6. Penncrest is a national brand. B. Wrong7. When classif ying brands, marketing people tend to employ the categories of―producer-owned‖ and ―middleman owned‖A. Right第七篇Moderate Earthquake Strikes EnglandA moderate earthquake struck parts of southeast England on 28 April 2007，1. During the April 28 earthquake，the whole England was lef t without power. B_Wrong2. The Channel Tunnel was closed f or 10 hours af ter the earthquake occurred. C_ Not mentioned）3. It was reported that one lady had got her head and neck injured，but not seriously. A_ Right4. France and several other European countries sent their medical teams to work side by side with the British doctors. C_ Not mentioned5. The country's strongest earthquake took place in London in 1580. B_ Wrong6. Musson predicted that another earthquake would occur in southeast England sooner or later. A_ Right7. It can be inf erred f rom the passage that England is rarely hit by high magnitude earthquakes. A_ Right 第八篇Easy Learning1．Babies can learn language even in their sleep．A．Right2．An infant can recogni ze a lot of vowels by the time he or she is a year old．C．Not mentioned 3．Finnish vowels are easy to distinguish．C．Not mentioned4．The three vowels mentioned in this article are all Finnish sounds．B．Wrong5．The study shows that the inf ant’s cerebral cortex is working while he is asleep．A．Right6. If an adult wants to learn a language f aster, he Can put a language tape under his pillow·B．Wrong7．Cheour’s f inding is worthless．B．Wrong 第九篇The First Settlement in North America 1．We know f or sure that colonization began at the end of the 15th century．B．Wrong 2．Among the early settlers in South America in the 16th century were Spanish traders．A．right 3．With John Cabot’s arrival at an island off the New England coast in 1497,the British Crown claimed to be the legal owner of North America．B．Wrong4．There were eighteen people on board the Matthew during its voyage tO North America in 1497．A．right5．The f irst attempt made by European people to settle down permanently in North America occurred in the 1580s．A．Right6．The name V irginia was given to North America by Sir Walter Raleigh．A．Right7．The name New England was given to the northern area of North America by the boss of one of the two V irginia companies．C．Not mentioned第十篇The Workers' Role in Management 1. Traditional worker’s showed no interest in management. C. Not mentioned2. In recent years many management specialists have been arguing f or the workers role in managem ent with two major reasons. A. Right3. Since policy decisions are business secrets of af irm, workers should not be inf ormed of them.B. Wrong4. Bef ore closing, a plant should put up a notice and keep it f or 90 days. B. Wrong5. The workers’ participation in management might save a plant f rom closing down. A. Right6. One of the advantages of involving workers in making a decision is that the interpersonal relationship between workers and managers can be improved. C. Not mentioned7. An ef f i cient and productive worker should be rewarded with anything but shares of his plant.B. Wrong*第十一篇Computer MouseThe basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to1. Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works. B_ Wrong2. According to the author，general computer users need not to know how the computer mouse was invented. C_ Not mentioned3. The computer mouse derives its name f rom the cable that goes out its body，which looks like the tail of a mouse. A_ Right4. The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs. A_ Right5. When an ordinary computer mouse gef s dirty，it has to be replaced with a new one. B_ Wrong6. The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones. C_ Not mentioned7. The optical mouse is superior to the basic one in that the f ormer has no moving parts. A_ Right 第十二篇Starting a New Tradition Shantelle Davis is a nine-year-old girl in New York.1. Kwanzaa is celebrated at the end of the year.A.Right2. Kwanzaa is a holiday f or Af ri can-Americans.A.Right3. Kwanzaa is a very old holiday. B.Wrong4. People in Af rica celebrate Kwanzaa.C.Not mentioned5. People spend a lot of time with their families during Kwanzaa. A.Right6. Children receive presents at the end of Kwanzaa.A.Right7. Everyone thinks Kwanzaa is an important holiday.B.Wrong第三部分概况大意与完成句子第一篇The Making of a Success Story1 IKEA is the world's largest f urniture ret ailer, and man behind it is Ingvar Kamprad,1. Paragraph 2 ____. C. The origin of IKEA2. Paragraph 3____.D. Specialization in sellingf urniture3. Paragraph 4 ____. B. Success brought by the introduction of showrooms4. Paragraph 5 ____. E. Flat packaging –a f eature of IKEA5. Even when he was only a child, ____. C. Ingvar Kamprad showed interest in and talent f or doing business.6. ____, and years later becam e a big company specialized in manuf acturing and selling of f urniture.A. IKEA began as a small store selling all kinds of cheap things.7. Customers liked the idea of IKEA’s showrooms because ____. E. here they can see and try thef urniture they are going to buy.8. As f lat packaging saves money f or both IKEA and the customers, ____.B. it is highly welcomed by both第二篇The Paper Chase1. "Running a house is lot like running a business." says Stephanie Denton,1. Paragraph 2 ________ A. Find a Place to Work on2. Paragraph 3 __________ E. Get Rid of Unimportant Things3. Paragraph 4 __________ F. Dealing With Bills4. Paragraph 5 __________ C. What Is a Good Filing System5. Stephanie Denton is expert ___________.B. in paper chase6. Y ou can put your f ile cart anywhere you like, on condition ___________. C. that it is easily reached7. Coupons should be thrown away because _______. A. they are useless8. "Mentally f lexible" indicat es the f act __________.D. that dif f erent people have different requirements第三篇English and English Community1. There is no denying that English is a usef ul language.1.Paragraph 2 ___________F. The Def inition of a Speech Community2.Paragraph 3 ___________D. The Composition of the English Community3.Paragraph 4 ________A. The Wide Use of English4.Paragraph 5 ___________C. The Advantages of Learning a Second Language5.Only through the shared language_______. B. cana speech community be f orm ed6. The idea of the national boundaries is of ten different f rom______. A. that of a speech community7. Speakers are classi f ied into two groups_______.D. f or the sake of simplicity8. An understanding of English_______. E. has played an important role in the f ield of education第四篇Alaska1 In 1959 Americans welcom ed Alaska into the Union as the 49th state，symbolizing a change of attitude that hold in 1867，1. Paragraph 3________ F）Land and population2. Paragraph 4_________D）The natives of the land3. Paragraph 5________ C）Transportation problem4. Paragraph 6______ A）Rich resources of the state5. For as long as three months of a year，the sun ________ on the ice-covered land of Alaska.D. shines day and night6. According to statistics，_________ of the total area of Alaska has been used f or farming.E. only a very small percentage7. Alaska was originally part of Russia，but was bought _______. C. by the United States in the 19th century8. Gold did not bring to Alaska as much wealth__________ A. as f ish does第五篇US Signs Global Tobacco Treaty1 The United States has taken the f irst step toward approving a global tobacco treaty that promises to help control the deadly effects of tobacco use throughout the world11. Paragraph 1____B)US Signing of the FCTC2. Paragraph2___D)How the FCTC Come into Being3. Paragraph 3_____(A)What the FCTC Demands4. Paragraph4_____E) What the FCTC will bring about5. Signing the FCTC is only the f irst step toward__________.(B)approving it6. Countries that ratif y the FCTC will have to, among other things, __________.(D)restrict smoking in public places7. It is hoped that the FCTC will greatly help to reduce deaths__________.(E)caused by tobacco use 8. Much more countries have signed the FCTC than those that__________.(A)have rati f ied it第六篇How We Form First lmpression1 We all have f irst impression Of someone we just met. But why?1. Paragraph 2_____（D_ Comparing Incoming Sensory Inf ormation Against Memories）2. Paragraph 3_____ （C_ Illustration Of First Impression）3. Paragraph 4_____ （A_Ways Of Departure from Immature and Simplistic Impressions）4. Paragraph 5_____ (E_Threat ening Aspect of First Impressions)5. Sensory inf ormation is one that is perceived through_____. (E_the sights and sounds of the5world)6. Y ou interpret _____ by comparing it against the memories already stored in your brain.( D_the meaning of incoming sensory inf ormation)7. The way we stereotype people is a less maturef orm of thinking，which is similar to_____.(C_the immature f orm of thinking of a very young child) 8. We can use our more mature style of thinking thanks to_____.(B_the most complex areas of our cortex)第七篇How to Argue with Y our Boss1 Bef ore you argue with your boss, check with the boss’s secretary to determine his mood.1. Paragraph 2________ D. Don’t Go in When Y ou are Angry2. Paragraph 3________ E. Make the Issue Clear3. Paragraph 4________ C. Propose Y our Solution4. Paragraph 5________ B. Put Y ourself in the Boss’s Position5. If you want to ask the boss f or anything, it is important to f ind out f irst________. B. how he is feeling6. It is necessary to make clear to the boss_________D. what you really want to talk to him about7. It is not wise to present the boss with a problem___________ E. without suggesting a way to solve it8. Y ou must be considerate and think of the troubles__________ C. the boss may have第九篇Transport and Trade1 Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods f rom places where they are plenti f ul to places where they are scarce，1. Paragraph 2 _________ B. Importance of transport in trade2. Paragraph 3 _________ A. Higher living standard3. Paragraph 4 _________D. Birth of transport-related industries and trade4. Paragraph 5 _________ E. Role of inf ormation in trade5. The development of modern means of transport _________. C. has greatly promoted trade6. Only when goods can be carried to all parts of the world quickly ___________. D. is it possible to produce on a large scale7. Transport has made it possible f or people to eat whatever f ood they want _________. B. at any time during the year8. In the trade of modern society the transmission of inf orm ation plays as important a role as ________.E. the transport of goods第十篇Washoe Learned Ameri can Sign Language .1 An animal that inf luenced scienti f ic thought has died.1. Paragraph 1▁▁C General Inf ormation about Washoe2. Paragraph 2▁▁B Report about Washoe's Progress in Learning Sign Language3. Paragraph 3▁▁E Debate on Chimps' Intelligence4. Paragraph 4▁▁A Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This Research Nowadays5. Washoe could make signs to communicate----C when she wanted to eat6. Some scientists doubted---- A if the Gardeners' argument was sound7. Washoe taught three younger chimps sign language---- D while she was at a research center in Ellensburg8. The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent---- E because she could use sign language to ask f or fruits*第十一篇Is There a Way to Keep the Britain's Economy Growing1．In today's knowledge economy，nations survive on the things they do best．1.Paragraph 2___E Gif t of talking2.Paragraph 3___ C Strength of the Creative Economy3.Paragraph 4___ D Weakness of the Creative Economy4.Paragraph 5___ B ―Servant‖ Economy5.Every country has its own way．__．C .to f eed its people6.The British government doesn't seem__．F to worry about the British economy7.The creative industries f ind it dif f icult__．E .to make a prof it8.Many graduates are employed__．B .to do low-skill lobs*第十二篇Intelligence: a Changed V iew1. Intelligence was believed to be a f ixed entity, 1. Paragraph 2 __________ C. Effect of Environment on Intelligence2. Paragraph 4 __________ A. Main Results of Recent Researches3. Paragraph 5 __________ F. A Changed V iew of Intelligence4. Paragraph 6 __________ E. Impact on School Education5.It was once believed __________, and thus we can tell how successf ul he/she will be in the f uture according to his/her intelligence. D. that intelligence was something a baby was born with6.More recent researches has shown that intelligence is only partly inherited _________. F. and partly has to do with a child’s living environment7.It can be inf erred from the passage that a child will _________if he has more opportunities to communicate with others by means of language. B. have a better chance to develop his intelligence8.Children were not just __________, but they can be taught to be more intelligent at school. A. born to be more intelligent or less intelligent6第五部分补全短文第一篇What We Take from and Give to the SeaAs long as we have been on earth, we have used the sea around us. We take from the ocean, and we give to it.We take f ishes f rom the ocean ― millions of kilograms of f ish, every year, to f eed millions of people. 1We even use their bones f or fertilizer.We take minerals from the ocean. One way to get salt is to place seawater in a shallow basin and leave it until it evaporates. 2Along with salt, other minerals are lef t after evaporation Much gold andsilver dri f t dissolved in the waters of the sea, too\ But the sea does not give them up by simple evaporation. Other gif ts f rom the sea are pearls, sponges and seaweed. Pearls become jewelry. 3Natural sponges become cleaning aids. Seaweed becomes f ood of many ki nds ― even candy, and ice cream ― as well as medicine. Believe it or not, f resh water is another gif t from the sea. We cannot drink ocean water. 4Some of its contents may cause illness .But ocean water becomes fresh water when the salts are removed. In the f uture, we will f ind ourselves depending more and more on f resh wat er f rom the sea.The sea gives us f ood, f ertilizer, minerals, water, and other gif ts. What do we give the sea? Garbage. 5We pollute the ocean when we use it as a garbage dump Huge as it is, the ocean cannot hold all the water that we pour into it. Dumping garbage into the ocean is killing off sea lif e^. Y et as the world population grows, we may need the sea and its gif ts more than ever.We are f inally learning that if we destroy our seas, we might also destroy ourselves. Hopef ully, it is not too late.第二篇、Teamwork in TourismGrowing cooperation among branches of tourism has proved valuable to all concerned^. Government bureaus, trade and travel associations ，carriers and properties^ are all working together to bring about optimum' conditions f or travelers.1Travel operators, specialists in the f ield of planning, sponsor extensive research programs.They have knowledge of all areas and all carrier services ，and they are experts in organizing different types of tours and in preparing effective advertising campaigns. They distribute materials to agenci es, such as journals, brochures" and advertising projects. 2They of f er familiarization and workshop tours so that in a short time agents can obtain f irst-hand knowledge of the tours.Tourist counselors give valuable seminars^ to acquaint agents with new programs and techniques in selling. 3In this way agents leam to explain destinations and to suggest dif ferent modes and combinations of travel-planes ，ships ，trains ，motorcoaches, car-rentals, and even car purchases.Properties and agencies work closely together to make the most suitable contracts, considering both the comf ort of the clients and their own prof itable f inancial arrangement.4Agencies rely upon the good services of hotels , and , conversely6 , hotels rely upon agencies , to f ul f ill their contracts and to send them clients.5The same conf idence exists between agencies and carri ers, including car-rent al and sight services. Carriers are dependent upon agencies to supply passengers, andagenci es are dependent upon carriers to present them with marketable tours. All services must work together f or greater eff iciency, f ai r pricing and contented customers.第三篇、"Happy Birthday to Y ou"The main problem in discussing American popular culture is also one of its main characteristics: it won't slay American. No matter what it is, whether it is f ilms, f ood and f ashion, music, casual sports or slang, it's soon at home elsewhere in the world^. There are several theories why American popular culture has had this appeal.One theory is that it has been "advertised" and marketed through Am erican f ilms, popular music, and more recently, television. 1But this theory f ails to explain why American f ilms, music, and television programs are so popular in themselves.They are, af ter all, in competition with those produced by other countries.Another theory, probably a more common one, is that American popular culture is internationally associated with something called "The spirit of America".2 This spirit is variously described as being young and f ree, optimistic and conf ident, inf orm al and disrespect f ul.The f inal theory is less complex ：American popular culture is popular because a lot of people in the world like it.Regardless of why it spreads^ ，American popular culture is usually quite rapidly adopted and then adapted in many other countries. 3As a result,7its American origins and roots are of ten quickly f orgotten.Happy Birthday to Y ou", f or instance, is such an everyday song that its source, its American copyright, so to speak 、is not remembered. Black leather jackets worn by many heroes in American movies could be f ound, a generation later, on all those young men who wanted to make this manly-look their own.Two areas where this continuing process is most clearly seen are clothing and music. Some people can still remember a time when T-shirts, jogging clothes, tennis shoes, denim jackets, and blue jeans were not common daily wear everywhere. Only twenty years ago, it was possible to spot an American in Paris by his or her clothes. No longer so: those bright colors, checkered jackets and trousers, hats and socks which were once made f un of in cartoons are back again in Paris as the latest fashion. 4American in origin, inf ormal clothing has become the world's f irst truly universal style.The situation with American popular music is more complex because in the beginning, when it was still clearly American, it was of t en strongly resisted. Jazz was once thought to be a great danger to youth and their morals, and was actually outlawed in several countries. Today, while still showing its rather Ameri can roots ，it has become so well established. Rock ' n，roll and all its variations, country & western music4, all have more or less similar histories. They were f irst resisted, of ten in America as well, as being "low-class," and then as "a danger to our nation's5youth". The BBC, f or example, banned rock and roll until 1962.And then the music became accept ed and was extended and developed, and exported back to the US.第四篇、The First Four MinutesWhen do people decide whether or not they want to become f riends? During their f irst f our minutes together, according to a book by Dr，Leonard Zunin. In his book, "Contact: The f irst f our minutes" ，he of fers this advice to anyone interested in starting new f riendships; " 1Every time you meet someone in a social situation, give him your undivided attention f or four minutes. A lot of peopl e's whole lives would change i f they did just that."Y ou may have noticed that the average person does not give his undivided attention to someone he has just met. 2He keeps looking over the other person's shoulder, as if hoping to f ind someone more interesting in another part of the room. If anyone has ever done this to you, you probably did not like him very much.When we are introduced to new people, the author suggests, we should try to appear f ri endly and self-conf ident. In general, he says, "People like people who like themselves'.，'On the other hand, we should not make the other person think we are too sure of ourselves. It is important to appear interested and sympathetic' realizing that the other peraon has his own needs ，fears, and hopes.Hearing such advi ce, one might say, "But I*m not a friendly, sel f-conf ident person. That's not my nature. It would be dishonest f or me to act that way."3In reply, Dr. Zunin would claim that a little practice can help us f eel comf ort able about changing our social habits.We can became accustomed to any changes we choose to make in our personality. "It is like getting used to a new car. it may be unf amiliar at f irst, but it goes much better than the old one,"But isn't it dishonest to give the appearance of friendly self-conf idence when we don't actually f eel that way? Perhaps, but according to Dr，Zunin, "total honesty" is not always good f or social relationships2，especially during the f irst f ew minutes of cont act. There is a time f or everything, and a certain amount of play-acting may be best f or the f irst few minutes of contact with a stranger^, That is not the time to complain about one's health or to mention f aults one f inds in other people. It is not the time to tell the whole truth about one's opinions and impressions.4Much of what has been said about strangers also applies to4relationships with f amily members and f riends. For a husband and wi f e or a parent and child, problems of ten arise during their f irst f our minutes together af ter they have been apart. Dr. Zunin suggests that these f irst f ew minutes together be treated with care. If there are unpleasant matters to be discussed, they should be dealt with later.The author says that interpersonal relations should be taught as a required course5in every school, along with reading, writing, and mathematics.5In his opinion, success in lif e depends mainly on how we get along with other people.That is at least as important as how much we know.8。

2013职称英语(理工类)资料-推荐下载

光盘资料第一部分考纲解读一、概述总述：全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试是由人事部组织实施的一项国家级外语考试。

专业类别注：三类考试的共同点和不同点：每个级别的试卷内容，除综合类外，普通英语和专业英语题目各占50%。

对于类别的区分意义不大，原则上考生报综合、理工、卫生的任何一类都是可以的，考生可结合自身情况及单位规定进行报考。

在正式考试中，50%的题都是一样的。

等级总分：100分考试时间：120分钟注：参加考试的考生允许带一本普通的英语字典进入考场。

建议参加C 级和B 级考试的考生可以使用《牛津英汉双解词典（中级）》，参加A 级考试的考生适用《牛津英汉双解词典（高级）》，还可以同时考虑准备一本《牛津英语同义词词典》。

二、评价目标总目标：要求：（一）词汇量注：可以主要掌握2000个左右的核心单词和短语结构。

实际考试中出现的超纲词一般都会给出中文注释。

（二）语法知识注：不直接考查语法，对基本语法的考查融入到各类考题中，进行间接考查。

（三）阅读理解能力三、考试内容与试卷结构总述：A、B、C三个等级的考试各由6个部分组成，每个级别的考试题型一样、题量相同，但不同级别考试总的阅读量及难以程度不同。

考试主要考查应试者理解书面英语的能力。

试卷结构及考查目的（总题量65题，满分100分）题型材料类型答题要求考查目的题量分值第一部分词汇选项（四选一）15个句子给出15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，要求应试者从所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

在一定语境下理解单词或短语的意义。

1515第二部分阅读判断（三选一）1篇短文（300～450词）给出7句话，要求应试者根据文章内容做出判断（正、误、没有直接或间接提到）。

识别和判断文章信息。

77第三部分概括大意与完成句子(选择搭配)1篇短文（300～450词）分两部分：1.概况大意（6选4）；2.完成句子（6选4）。

抓大意，掌握细节。

88第四部分阅读理解（四选一）3篇短文（各300～450词）每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项，要求应试者从中选择1个最佳答案。

2013年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类(B级)试题(二)

2013年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（B级）试题第4部分：阅读理解（第31〜45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇Energy and Public LandsThe United States boasts substantial energy resources. Federal lands provide a good deal of US energy production ；the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing (租赁)，both on land and on the offshore Outer Continental Shelf. Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total annual US energy production.In 2000，32 percent of US oil，35 percent of natural gas, and 37 percent of coal were produced from federal lands, representing 20，000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases. Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.Revenues from federal oil, gas, and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as State governments. In 1999, for example，$553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury, and non-Indian coal leases accounted for over $304 million in revenues，of which 50 percent were paid to State governments. Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery. Each year, federal land managers authorize rights of way for transmission lines, rail systems，pipelines, and other facilities related to energy production and use.Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production, though the amount is still significant。

2013年职称英语(理工类)B级新增文章+可能考文章(整理版)

2013年职称英语（理工类）B级新增文章整理版阅读理解第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach1. What does the new study mentioned in Paragraph 1 find?C Hungry people are more sensitive to food-related words than stomach-full people.2. Why was there a delay on the day of the experiment?B Because Radel wanted to create two groups of testees, hungry and non-hungry.3. What does the writer want to tell us?C Human brains can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs.4. What did the results of the experiment indicate?A 80 words flashed on the screen too fast for the participant to intentionally perceive.5. What can we infer from the passage?D Humans can perceive what they need without involving high-level thinking processes.第十九篇Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience1. Which of the following is NOT true according to the first three paragraphs?B Shimi is the creator of the musical companion.2. What does Shimi do if the user taps a beat?D It selects a perfectly-matched song and plays it in sync with that beat.3. Which of the following about Shimi is true?D Shimi can be creative and interactive.4. What does the author want to tell us?A The research center is developing a stronger and more versatile Shimi.5. Which of the following is Weinberg’s assertion?B human lives will be filled with more fun if Shimi is going to arrive in homes.第四十篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety练习：1. What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the first paragraph?D Female teachers' confidence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills.2. What is implied in the third paragraph?B A difficult subject like math may affect teachers' confidence in teaching the subject.3. According to the experiment,those teachers were probably anxious about math when they feltC uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.4. The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findingsA prove a strong link between female teachers' math anxiety and their female students' math achievements.5. David Geary thinks thatB the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.答案与题解：1.D 该段告诉我们女教师的想法（what female teachers think）和女学生的学习（what female students learn）之间有很大的关联度，也就是说，女教师如果对自己的数学技能没有自信，她的女学生很可能相信男孩子会在数学方面超过女孩子。

职称英语等级考试用书(理工类)

职称英语等级考试用书（理工类）------第一部分词汇选项词汇1-10第二部分阅读判断第一篇Inventor of LED第二篇E1 Nino第三篇Smoking第四篇Engineering Ethics第五篇Recue Platform第六篇Microchip Research Center Created第七篇Moderate Earthquake Strikes England第八篇Easy Learning第九篇Dangers Await Babies with Altitude第十篇Irish Dolhpins May Have a Unique Dialect第十一篇*Computer Mouse第十二篇*Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean Quake第十三篇+The Northern Lights第十四篇+Biodiesel第十五篇+Image Martian Dust Particles第三部分概括大意和完成句子第一篇More Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing第二篇Soot and Snow: a Hot Combination第三篇Icy Microbes第四篇Compact Disks第五篇LED Lighting第六篇How We Form First Impression第七篇Screen Test第八篇The Mir Space Station第九篇More Rural Research Is Needed第十篇Washoe Learned American Sign Language第十一篇*The Tiniest Electric Motor in the World第十二篇*A Strong Greenhouse Gas第十三篇+Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-Flu第十四篇+The Magic Io Personal Digital Pen第十五篇+Maglev Trains第四部阅读理解第一篇 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles第二篇 World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict第三篇 Citizen Scientists第四篇 Motoring Technology第五篇 Late-Night Drinking第六篇 Weaving with Light第七篇 Sugar Power for Cell Phones第八篇 Eiffel Is an Eyeful第九篇 Egypt Felled by Famine第十篇 Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their Brothers第十一篇 The Net Cost of Making a Name for Yourself第十二篇 Florida Hit by Cold Air Mass第十三篇 Invisibility Ring第十四篇 Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers第十五篇 Winged Robot Learns to Fly第十六篇 Japanese Drilling into Core of Earth第十七篇 A Sunshade for the Planet第十八篇 Thirst for Oil第十九篇 Prolonging Human Life第二十篇 Explorer of the Extreme Deep第二十一篇 Plant Gas第二十二篇 Snowflakes第二十三篇 Powering a City? It's a Breeze.第二十四篇 Underground Coal Fires -- a Looming Catastrophe第二十五篇 Eat to Live第二十六篇 Male and Female Pilots Cause Accidents Differently第二十七篇 Driven to Distraction第二十八篇 Sleep Lets Brain File Memories第二十九篇 Food Fright第三十篇 Digital Realm*第三十一篇 Hurricane Katrina*第三十二篇 Mind-reading Machine*第三十三篇 Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive*第三十四篇Batteries Built by Viruses*第三十五篇 Putting Plants to work*第三十六篇 Listening Device Provides Landslide Early Warning*第三十七篇 "Don't Drink Alone" Gets New Meaning*第三十八篇 Longer Lives for Wild Elephants*第三十九篇 Clone Farm*第四十篇 Air Pollution Cloud Measured on Both Sides of Pacific+第四十一篇 Too Little for Global Warming+第四十二篇 Renewable Energy Sources+第四十三篇 Forecasting Methods+第四十四篇 Defending the Theory of Evolution Still Seems Needed+第四十五篇 Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others+第四十六篇Marvelous Metamaterials+第四十七篇 Listening to Birdsong+第四十八篇 "Hidden" Species May Be Surprisingly Common+第四十九篇 U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars+第五十篇 Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities第一篇至第三十篇为C级，第三十一篇至第四十篇为B级，第四十一篇至第五十篇为A级第五部分补全短文第一篇 Mobile phones第二篇The World’s Longest Bridge第三篇 Reinventing the Table第四篇Don’t Rely on Plankton to Save the Planet第五篇 The Magic of Sound第六篇 Dung to Death第七篇 Time in the Animal World第八篇 Watching Microcurrents Flow第九篇 Heat Is killer第十篇 High Dive第十一篇*Virtual Driver第十二篇*Musical Training Can Improve Communication Skills第十三篇+Sleeping Giant第十四篇+Robotic Highway Cones第十五篇+The Arctic Ice Is Thawing第六部分完型填空第一篇 Captain Cook Arrow Legend第二篇 Avalanche and Its Safety第三篇 What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe?第四篇 Animal's "Sixth Sense"第五篇 Singing Alarms Could Save the Blind第六篇 Car Thieves Could Be Stopped Remotely第七篇 An Intelligent Car第八篇 A Biological Clock第九篇 Wonder Webs第十篇 Less Is More*第十一篇 China to Help Europe Develop GPS Rival*第十二篇 Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in Teens+第十三篇 Cell Phone Lets Your Secret Out+第十四篇 Sharks Perform a Service for Earth's Waters+第十五篇 Young Adults Who Exercise Get Higher IQ Scores目录说明：本书目录中未加符号标的文章难度相当于C级考试水平，供报考C级考试的学员阅读；标有“*”的文章相当于B级考试水平；标有“+”的文章，相当于A级考试水平。

2013年职称英语考试理工类B级试题及答案

第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

2013年职称英语理工B级

2013年职称英语理工B级，阅读理解方面没有新增文章，还是以2012年新增未考第四十篇Teaching Math，Teaching Anxiety 为重点。

完形填空方面同样没有新增，以2012年新增未考第十二篇Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk为重点。

*第四十篇Teaching Math, Teaching AnxietyIn a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school, the psychologists at theUniversity of Chicagol1Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship between what female teachers think and what female students learn:If a female teacher is uncomfortable with her own math skills, then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math."If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers2 in later grades, it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement3 said Levine. In other words,girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers4. The study suggests that if these girls grow up believing that boys are better at math than girls are,then these girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident.Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult, teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn -- and teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for everyone.Researchers use the word "anxiety" to describe such feelings: anxiety is uneasiness or worry.The new study found that when a teacher has anxiety about math, that feeling can influencehow her female students feel about math. The study involved 65 girls,52 boys and 17 first- andsecond-grade teachers in elementary schools in the Midwest. The students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of the school year, and the researchers compared the scores.The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. Then the researchers turned to the teachers:To find out which teachers were anxious about math,the researchers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across math, such as when reading a sales receipt5. A teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt, for example,was probably anxious about math.Boys,on average,were unaffected by a teacher's anxiety. On average,girls with math-anxiousteachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the study did.Plus,on the test showing whether someone thought a math superstar had to be a boy,20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math -- and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety."This is an interesting study,but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in needof replication with a larger sample6," said David Geary,a psychologist at the University of Missouri7 in Columbia.词汇：snowball /'snəubɔ:l/雪球；滚雪球式增长的事replication/repli'keiʃən/ n ．重复，复现superstar/'sju:pəsta:/ n．超级明星练习：1. University of Chicago：芝加哥大学。

2013年全国职称英语等级考试理工类B级真题及详解【圣才出品】

2013年全国职称英语等级考试理工类B级真题及详解第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题l分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定l个意义最为接近的选项。

1.Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.A.sendB.hearC.confirmD.spread【答案】D【解析】句意：他的财政问题已经流言四起。

划线单词circulate意为“传播，流传”。

spread 传播，散布。

send发送，寄出。

hear听到。

confirm确认，确定。

因此，本题的正确答案为D。

2.The contract between the two companies will expire soon.A.shortenB.endC.startD.resume【答案】B【解析】句意：这两家公司的合同不久就要到期。

划线单词expire意为“期满；终止”。

end结束，终止。

shorten缩短。

start开始。

resume继续，恢复。

因此，本题的正确答案为B。

e out,or I’ll bust the door down.A.shutB.breakC.setD.beat【答案】B【解析】句意：出来，不然的话我就要破门而入了。

划线单词bust意为“打碎”。

break 打破，弄破。

shut关闭。

set放置。

beat打败。

因此，本题的正确答案为B。

4.She gets aggressive when she is drunk.A.offensiveB worriedC.sleepyD.anxious【答案】A【解析】句意：当她喝醉的时候，她就变得咄咄逼人。

划线单词aggressive意为“好斗的”。

offensive攻击的，冒犯的。

worried担忧的。

sleepy困乏的，瞌睡的。

anxious 焦虑的。

因此，本题的正确答案为A。

2013年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类(B级)试题(三)

2013年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（B级）试题第5部分：补全短文（第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。

The Tough Grass that Sweetens Our LivesSugar cane was once a wild grass that grew in New Guinea and was used by local people for roofing their houses and fencing their gardens. Gradually a different variety evolved which contained sucrose（蔗糖）and was chewed on for its sweet taste. Over time, sugar cane became a highly valuable commercial plant，grown throughout the world. ___ (46)Sugar became a vital ingredient in all kinds of things, from confectionery (糖果点心）to medicine, and, as the demand for sugar grew, the industry became larger and more profitable.___(47) Many crops withered (枯萎）and died, despite growers, attempts to save them, and there were fears that the health of the plant would continue to deteriorate.In the 1960s，scientists working in Barbados looked for ways to make the commercial species stronger and more able to resist disease. They experimented with breeding programmes, mixing genes from the wild species of sugar cane, which tends to be tougher, with genes from the more delicate, commercial type. ___ (48) This sugar cane is not yet ready to be sold commercially, but when this happens, it is expected to be incredibly profitable for the industry.___ (49) Brazil, which produces one quarter of the world’s sugar, has coordinated an international project under Professor Paulo Arrudo of the Universidade Estaudual de Campinas in Sao Paulo. Teams of experts have worked with him to discover more about which parts of the genetic structure of the plant are important for the production of sugar and its overall health.Despite all the research, however, we still do not fully understand how the genes function in sugar cane. ___ (50) This gene is particularly exciting because it makes the plant resistant to rust, a disease which probably originated in India, but is now capable of infecting sugar cane across the world. Scientists believe they will eventually be able to grow a plant which cannot be destroyed by rust.A Eventually, a commercial plant was developed which was 5 percent sweeter than before, butalso much stronger and less likely to die from disease.B Since the 1960s, scientists have been analysing the mysteries of the sugar cane，s geneticcode.C One major gene has been identified by Dr. Angelique D’Hont and her team in Montpelier,France.D The majority of the world's sugar now comes from this particular commercial species.E Sugar cane is now much more vigorous and the supply of sugar Is therefore more guaranteed.F Unfortunately, however, the plant started to become weaker and more prone to disease.第6部分：完形填空（第51~65题，每题1分，共15分）下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。

2013年职称英语等级考试用书(理工类A.B.C)阅读理解-第一篇

注：1、+表示A级文章；*表示B级文章；其他为C级文章；阅读下面的短文。

每篇短文的后面有 5个问题，每个问题有 4个备选答案。

请根据短文的内容选择正确的答案。

第一篇Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles第一篇福特放弃电动汽车The Ford motor company’s1abandonment of electric cars effectively signalsthe end of the road for the technology, analysts say. 分析人士评论，福特汽车公司放弃电动汽年的举动有力地证明了这种技术是行不通的。

1. The Ford motor company:福特汽车公司。

Henry Ford (1863--1947)美国汽车制造商，他改进了以汽油为燃料的汽车，成立了福特汽车公司 (1903年)，并大量生产昀早的大众负担得起且广泛使用的 T型车。

Abandon= give up 放弃General Motors2 and Honda3 ceased production of battery-powered cars in 1999, to focus on fuel cell4and hybrid electric gasoline engines5, which are more attractive to the consumer. Ford has now announced it will do the same.2. General Motors:美国通用汽车公司3. Honda:日本本田汽车公司Cease=stop停止，终止，结束to focus on聚焦于4. fuel cell:燃料电池，一种化学电池。

5. hybrid electric gasoline engines:电池和内燃机混杂使用的发动机，使用这种发动机的汽车被称为 : Hybrid electric vehicles，或 HEVs。

2013年职称英语等级考试用书(理工类A.B.C)阅读理解-第三篇

第三篇 Citizen Scientists (C级) 第三篇公民科学家Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle event—flowering, the appearance of leaves, the first frog calls of the spring —all around the world. But ecologist s can’t b e everywhere so they’re turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists, for help.理解大自然对气候变化有怎样的反应需要监视世界各个角落的关键生命周期事件——花开、叶子的出现、第一只青蛙叫出春天的到来。

但是生态学家不可能去到世界的各个角落，所以他们向非科学家求助，这些非科学家有时也被称作公民科学家。

frog n. 蛙ecologist n. 生态学家1.life cycle:生命周期，即生物发展过程的系列变化。

respond [英] [rispɔnd][美] [rɪspɑnd]vt.& vi.回答，响应vi.作出反应，响应；回报或回复turning [英] [tɜ:nɪŋ][美] [tə:nɪŋ]n.旋转；转向；转弯处；车工工艺v.转动；扭转；（使）变成；“turn”的现在分词复数：turningsClimate scientists are not present everywhere. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, they’re asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world. The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest —birds, trees, flowers bud ding, etc. —and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover ahyper-local beat, citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All that’s needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.气象科学家不可能足迹遍及天下。

职称英语等级考试用书

experiment,Iknowthatourbraincanreallybeatthedisposalofourmotivesandneeds,
”
Radelsays.
词汇：
thresholdn.
起点，开端；门槛
disposaln.
处理
,
处置
;
配置
neutraladj.
中性的；中立的
motiven.
COurthinkingprocessesareindependentofoursenses.
DHumanscanperceivewhattheyneedwithoutinvolvinghigh-levelthinkingprocesses.
答案与题解：
1.C
第一段第二句是本题答案的依据。
饥肠辘辘的人只是看
Becausethewordappearedtooquicklyforthemtobereliablyseen,thismeansthatthedifferenceisin
perception,notinthinkingprocesses,Radelsays.
“
Thisissomethinggreattome.Humanscanreallyperceivewhattheyneedorwhattheystrivefor.Fromthe
80
个字以
1/300
秒的频率闪动。由于字体非常之小，
被试者只能凭感觉捕捉到字形。
1/4
的字是与食物有关的。每闪动一个字，被试者回答字体的亮度并选择
看到的是哪类词：一类是和食物有关的词，比如
“
蛋糕
”
；一类是中性词，比如
“
船

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2013年职称英语等级考试用书（理工类）第二部分阅读判断阅读下面的短文，短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断，如果该句提供的是正确信息，就选A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，就选B；如果该句的信息文章中没有提及，就选C。

第十一篇Computer MouseThe basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive. Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting1, drawing, and even scrolling on the page with the newer mice with the wheel. Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think2 how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. We learn to point at things before we learn to speak, so the mouse is a very natural pointing device. Other computer pointing devices include light pens graphics tablets and touch screens, but the mouse is still our workhorse.The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University. As computer screens became more popular and arrow keys were used to move around a body of text, it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful. The introduction of the mouse, with the Apple Lisa computer in 1983, really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks.3How does the mouse work? We have to start at the bottom, so think upside down for now. It all starts with the mouse ball. As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad, it presses against and turns two shafts. The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them. The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting devices called light-emitting diodes (LED) mounted on either side4. One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side. As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by, the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side. But a moment later the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place. The LED detects a changing pattern of light, converts the pattern into an electronic signal, and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out the mouse body. This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name. The computer interprets the signal to tell it where to position the cursor on the computer screen.So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used.5 One problem with this design is that the mouse gets dirty as the ball rolls over the surface and picks up dirt. Eventually you have to clean your mouse. The newer optical mice avoid this problem by having no moving parts.词汇: scroll /skrEu/ v.(在显示屏上)上下移动文本pad /pAd/ n.垫板mouse pad鼠标垫板graphics /5^rAfiks/ n.图形，图表tablet /5tAblit/ .n书写板graphics tablet图形书写板workhorse /5w\:khC:s/ n.重负荷工作部件shaft /FB:ft/ n.轴，杆状物emit /i5mit/ v.射出diode /5daiEud/ n.二极管cursor /FB:ft/ n.光标optical /5CptikEl/ adj.光学的注释：1. copying and pasting：复制和粘贴2. without stopping to think：没有停下来想一下。

“ stop +动词不定式”是“停下来去做某件事”，“ stop +动名词”是“停止做某件事”。

例如：We stopped to rest for a while.我们停下来休息一会儿。

He stopped smoking.他停止抽烟。

3. …started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks：使广大电脑用户开始踏上一条依赖鼠标完成常规电脑工作的道路。

computer public：电脑公众。

road to中的to是介词，所以后接动名词relying。

4. mounted on either side = mounted on both sides5. So far we have only discussed the basic computer mouse that most of you probably have or have used：到目前为止，我们只限于讨论基本型的电脑鼠标，你们中间多数人也许拥有一个鼠标，也许你们已用过鼠标。

练习：1. Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned2. According to the author, general computer users need not to know how the computer mouse was invented.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned3. The computer mouse derives its name from the cable that goes out its body, which looks like the tail of a mouse.A. Right B Wrong C Not mentioned4. The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned5. When an ordinary computer mouse gets dirty, it has to be replaced with a new one.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned6. The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones. A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned7. The optical mouse is superior to the basic one in that the former has no moving parts.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案与题解：1. B题句的意思是大多数电脑使用者都想了解鼠标的工作原理。

这与短文的介绍不符。

短文第一段第三句说，大多数电脑使用者天天用电脑却没有想到要了解一下鼠标的工作原理。

题句的信息是错误的，故答案为B。

2. C 题句表达的意思是，短文作者认为一般电脑使用者无需了解鼠标是如何发明的。