第一课词汇

Lesson one Where Do W e Go from Here
1. Abhor v.
To feel hatred and disgust for sb. 憎恨；厌恶
---to abhor terrorism 憎恨恐怖活动
派生：abhorrence n. 憎恨；厌恶abhorrent adj. 可恶的；讨厌的；可恨的
2. Affirmation n.
Stating sth. As truth firmly and forcefully 肯定；断言同义：assertion; declaration 反义：denial
---affirmation of human dignity 对人的尊严的确认
---He nodded in affirmation. 他肯定的点了点头。

派生：affirmable adj. 可断言的；可肯定的
3. Blot n.
1.spot for stain made by ink, etc. 污点；污迹同义：stain; blemish
---a blot on sb.’s/the escutcheon 名誉上的污点
2. act or quality that spoil sb.’s good character or reputation （品性、名誉上的）污点；耻辱同义:dishonour; disgrace
---a blot on the landscape 破坏风景/声誉的东西或人
4. Compelling adj.
1.that one must accept or agree with强制性的同义：irresistible; forceful
--- compelling advice 使人不得不接受的忠告
2. extremely interesting and exciting so that one has to pay attention 激发兴趣的；有强烈吸引力的
---He remains a compelling figure in politics.他在政坛上仍是一个引人注目的人物。

词根：compel v.强迫；强求
5. Dedicate v.
1. to dedicate oneself/sth. to sth. : to give or devote (oneself, time, effort, etc.) to (a noble cause or purpose) 将（自己、时间、精力等）奉献给（崇高的事业或目的）---She dedicated her life to helping the poor.她毕生致力于帮助穷人。

2.to dedicate sth. to sb.: to address (one’s book, etc) to sb. As a way of showing
respect, by putting his name at the beginning在（自己所著的书等）前部题献词---She dedicated her first book to her husband.她把自己的第一本书献给了丈夫。

派生：dedicated adj.有献身精神的；专心致志的dedication n.忠诚；奉献
6. Degenerate
1.v. to pass into a worse physical, mental state than one which is considered normal
or desirable 衰退；堕落；恶化
---The situation degenerated into chaos.形势变得一片混乱。

2.adj. having lost the physical, mental or moral qualities that are considered normal
or desirable 衰弱的；颓废的；堕落的
---degenerate art /society/age 堕落的艺术/社会/时代
派生：degeneration n.衰退；堕落；蜕化degenerative adj.衰退的；堕落的；蜕化的
7. Etch v.
To cut lines on a mental plate, piece of glass, stone, etc.(fig) not to forget sth. and think of it often 蚀刻；（喻）铭刻；铭记
---The incident remained etched on her memory for years.那次事件多年来一直铭刻在她的记忆中。

8. Legitimate adj.
1.in accordance with the law or rules; lawful 合法的同义：legal; lawful
反义：illegitimate; unreasonable
---I’ am not sure that his business is strictly legitimate.我说不好他的生意是否绝对
合法。

2.that can be defended; reasonable正当的；合理的
---Politicians are legitimate targets for satire.政客们理所当然是讽刺的靶子。

派生：legitimacy n.合法（性）；合理（性）legitimately adv.合法地；合理地legitimize v.使合法、正当或有合法地位
9. Majestic adj.
Having or showing majesty; stately; grand 威严的；壮丽的同义：lofty; dignified 反义：base; squalid
---majestic views 壮丽的景色
派生：majesty n. 威严；庄严
10. Oppress v.
1.to rule or treat (sb.) with continual injustice or cruelty 压迫；压制（某人）
同义：depress; persecute反义：unburden; liberate
---The people are oppressed by the military government.人民受军政府的压迫。

2.to make (sb.) feel worried, uncomfortable or unhappy 使（某人）担心、烦恼或
不幸
---oppressed with anxiety/worry/poverty, etc因焦虑/忧虑/贫穷等而烦恼
派生：oppressed adj.受压迫的；受压制的oppression n.压迫；压制oppressive adj. 不正义的；暴君的；难以忍受的oppressor n.压迫人的人；暴君
11. Potent adj.
1.having great power; having a strong effect 威力大的；（药物等）效力大的同
义：powerful; strong 反义：weak; impotent
---potent weapons 威力大的武器
2.strongly persuasive; convincing 说服力强的；令人信服的
--- potent arguments/ reasoning, etc. 有说服力的论证、推理等
12. Segregate v.
1.to separate (esp. a racial/ religious group) from the rest of the community and treat
them unfairly 将（尤指某种族或宗教团体）与社区其他人隔开并进行不公平对待
同义：isolate; dissociate反义：unite; associate; blend
---a segregated society 有种族隔离的社会
2.to put sb. /sth. in a place away from the rest; to isolate 把某人/物隔离；分离；分
开
---to segregate cholera patients把霍乱病人隔离开
派生：segregation n.隔离
13. Unassailable adj.
1.that cannot be questioned or refuted 不容置疑的；无可辩驳的同义：irrefutable;
indubitable反义：dubitable; dubious
---Her argument is unassailable.她的论点是无懈可击的。

2.that cannot be attacked or conquered 攻不破的；不可征服的
---Liverpool have an unassailable lead at the top of the First Division.利物浦队高居
甲级队之首，所向无敌。

14. Whimsical adj.
Unusual or strange and often amusing; unpredictable 离奇的；古怪的；反复无常的---a whimsical story for children稀奇古怪的儿童故事
---the whimsical moods of the Alpine sun阿尔卑斯山区瞬息万变的太阳
词根：whimsy n.怪念头；离奇的想法
15. Ethereal adj.
very delicate and light, in a way that does not seem real 飘渺的；难以琢磨的；稀薄的
---ethereal beauty of a butterfly蝴蝶飘逸的美
16. Dastardly adj.
(old-fashioned) very cruel or evil卑怯的；残暴的
---a dastardly plot 卑怯的阴谋
---Tom acts as a dastardly villain in a children’s play.
17. Audacious adj.
1.Willing to take risks or to do sth. shocking有冒险精神的；无畏的；大胆的
同义：bold; daring
—an audacious plan/scheme 大胆的计划/设计
2.impudent;recklessly;bold厚颜无耻的；鲁莽的
—an audacious remark放肆的话
派生：audacity n.大胆无礼；无畏；鲁莽；创新性
18. Formula n.
复数：formulae
1.expression of a rule or relationship in algebraic symbols 公式；方程式；计算式—empirical formula 实验式；经验式
—formula for sth/for doing sth做某事的方案/方法
eg:There is no magic formula for a perfect marriage.没有一个达到完美婚姻的的神奇方法。

2.fixed arrangement of words,esp.as used in social,legal or ceremonial occasions客套话；惯用语
eg: “How do you do” and “Excuse me” are social formulae.
派生：formulaic adj.公式化构思的
formulate v.将（某事物）形成固定格式
19. Diminish v.
1.to become or to make sth. become smaller, weaker, etc.减少，（使）减弱,缩减，
降低
---The world’s resources are rapidly diminishing.世界资源正在迅速减少。

2.to make sb./sth. seem less important than they really are 贬低，贬损，轻视
--- I don’t wish to diminish the importance of their contribution.我并不想贬低他们
所做贡献的重要性。

20. Exploitation
1. a situation in which sb. treats sb.else in an unfair way, especially in order to make money from their work剥削，榨取
--- economic exploitation 经济剥削
--- the exploitation of children 对儿童的剥削
2.the use of land, oil, minerals,etc.利用，开发，开采
--- commercial exploitation of the mineral resources in Antarctica 南极洲矿物资源的商业开采
3.the fact of using a situation in order to get an advantage for yourself (出于私利
的)利用
--- exploitation of the situation for his own purposes利用这种局势达到他自己的目的
21. Integrated adj.
With various parts fitting well together 各部分配合好的，综合的，完整的
---an integrated transport scheme综合联运计划
--- an integrated personality综合性格
词根：integrate v.构成整体，使融合
22. representatio n⑴代理人，代表，维护，支持⑵（pl)陈述，抗议⑶表现，描述，表现形式
representative n代表adj 有代表性的
representational adj 具象派的；代表性的
represent v⑴代表⑵等于，相当于⑶做为…代表，维护…利益
re-present :to give ,show or send sth again ,especially a cheque, bill that has been
paid(尤指未支付的支票，账单等）再给予，再呈上
23.mortality: the number of death in a particular situation or a period of time死亡率
the infant mortality 婴儿死亡率
mortal n 凡人，普通人
adj 终将死亡的
24. lag v. lag behind sb or sth 发展缓慢滞后，落后于
The little boy lagged behind his parent.
那小男孩落在了父母的后面。

25.substantially ⑴very much, a lot非常，大大的
The cost has increased substantially.
成本大大增加了。

⑵mainly; in most details, even if not completely 基本上，大体上
What she says is substantially true.
她的话大体符合事实。

26. conspire v ⑴conspire (with sb )against sb密谋，图谋，阴谋
They were accused of conspiring against the king.他们被控告密谋反对国王。

⑵conspire against sb/sth
conspire to do sth似乎共同导致不良后果,(事情)似乎同时发生对某人或某事不利Circumstances had conspired against him.
各种情况都凑在一起与他作对。

conspiracy n 阴谋conspirator n阴谋家
conspiratorial adj ⑴阴谋的⑵会意的，心照不宣的
27.olympian adj. like a god; powerful and impressive似神的;威严的，超凡的
He viewed the problem with olympian detachment.他以超凡的态度看待问题。

28.manacle
n one of a pair of chains or metal bands for binding the hands or feet 手镣，脚铐
v to put sb in manacles 给某人戴铐
29. confront: v
confront sb with sth
get/ be confronted with sth 使面对，使面临
A solider often has to confront danger.
做为一个士兵不得不面对威胁。

confrontation n 对抗，对峙，冲突
30.resignition：n the act of giving up your job or position 辞职
resign v 辞去职务
31. industrial: connected with industry工业的
industrious: working hard；busy勤奋的
32.denunciation
an denunciation of sb or something指责，谴责
denounce v 谴责，告发
denounce sb as sth
The were denounced as spies.有人检举他们，说他们是间谍。

33.dislocation
⑴the stop of a system, plan扰乱计划、制度等
social/economic dislocation社会、经济混乱
⑵a dislocation of shoulder 肩膀脱臼
dislocate v ⑴使脱臼、脱位⑵扰乱，使混乱
34. perpetuate v to make sth such as a bad situation, a belief continue for a long time 使永久化，使持续化
to perpetuate inequality/ injustice/conflict
持续造成不平等/不公正/冲突
Comics and books for children tend to pe rpetuate the myth that “boys do not cry”.连环画和儿童读物往往造成一个不败的神话：“男儿有泪不轻弹”。

perpetuation n
perpetual adj
35. adore:love sb or sth very much热爱，爱慕
adoration n adoring adj
36. futility n 无用，无价值，徒劳
a sense of futility徒劳感
the futility of war 战争的徒然无益
futile adj 徒然的，无效的
37. contend v ⑴to say that sth is true, especially in an argument 申称，主张，认为
⑵contend for sth: to compete against sb in order to gain sth争夺，竞争contend with sth:(不得不)处理问题，对付困境
Nurses often have to contend with violent or drunken patients.
contender n 竞争者，角逐者，争夺者
38. incarcerate v
incarcerate sb in sth: to put sb in prison 监禁
thousands were incarcerated in labor camps.劳改营
incarceration n
39. blatantly adv
a blatantly unfair decision明显不公正的裁决
blatant: adj down in an obvious and open way without caring if people object or are shocked 明目张胆的
a blatant attempt to buy votes 公然的贿选企图
It was a blatant lie. 真是个弥天大谎。

40. meander v
⑴（of a river, road) to curve a lot rather than being in a straight line蜿蜒而行
⑵to walk slowly and change direction often漫步，闲逛
They meandered around the old town admiring the architecture.
⑶(of a conversation, discussion) to develop slowly and change subject often(乏味的，令人费解的）漫谈，闲聊
n the meander of a river河流的各处河曲
meanderings n 蜿蜒曲折的路程；漫步；闲聊
41. In proportion to :相称，成比例
out of proportion to：不相称，不和谐
keep sth in proportion:恰当的
处事，看待事情恰如其分
42. menial: situable to be done by servants; unskilled仆人的，卑微的
menial jobs:非技术性工作
43. strip sb of sth: to take away property or honors from sb, as a punishment剥夺
He was disgraced and stripped of his title.
他名誉扫地，被取消了头衔。

44.Stand up:⑴站立，起立；
⑵经得起检验，审查等
His ar gument simply doesn’t stand up to close security.
⑶stand up to sb: to resist sb抵抗，勇敢反对起伏和不公正对待
45. In dire need of 急需
We are in dire need of your help.
我们急需你的帮助。

dire: ⑴very serious
live in dire poverty生活赤贫
dire warnings/ threats严重的警告威胁
The firm is in dire straits and may go bankrupt. (in a very difficult situation)
⑵very bad （BrE)极糟的，极差的
The acting was dire.这表演糟透了。

46.off base: completely wrong about sth 完全错误
If that is what you think, you are way off base.你如果这么想就全错了。

47. devoid of sth : completely lacking in sth完全没有，缺乏
The latter was devoid of warmth and feeling.
那封信既无热情，有无感情。

48. a host of: a large number of people or things许多，大量
a host of possibilities 多种可能性
A host of musicians will perform at the festival.音乐节上将由多位音乐家表演。

15against all the odds: despite strong opposition or disadvantages尽管极为不利或遭强烈反对
Against all the odds she achieved her dream of being a ballerina.
她冲破重重困难，终于实现了当芭蕾舞演员的梦想。

49. pin down
⑴to make sb unable to move by holding them firmly 按住，使动弹不得
The man pinned him down until the policeman arrived.
⑵to find sb and make them answer a question or tell you sth you need to know找人查问，使说清楚
I need the up-to-date sales figures but I can never pin him down at the offices.
我需要最新的销售数字，可就是不能在办公室里找到他问清楚。

50 get bogged down
bog sb down (in sth) ⑴make sth sink into mud or wet ground陷入烂泥泥沼The tank became bogged down in mud.
⑵to prevent sth from making progress in an activity妨碍，阻碍
We must not get bogged down in details.
我们不能因细节问题误事。

51. be snuffed out 扼杀，消灭
snuff sth out: to stop or destroy sth completely扼杀，消灭
An innocent child’s life has been snuffed out by this senseless shooting.
这胡乱一枪就要了一个无辜孩子的命。