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公共政策终结理论研究综述

公共政策终结理论研究综述摘要：政策终结是政策过程的一个环节，是政策更新、政策发展、政策进步的新起点。

政策终结是20世纪70年代末西方公共政策研究领域的热点问题。

公共政策终结是公共政策过程的一个重要阶段，对政策终结的研究不仅有利于促进政策资源的合理配置，更有利于提高政府的政策绩效。

本文简要回顾了公共政策终结研究的缘起、内涵、类型、方式、影响因素、促成策略以及发展方向等内容，希望能够对公共政策终结理论有一个比较全面深入的了解。

关键词：公共政策，政策终结，理论研究行政有着古老的历史，但是，在一个相当长的历史时期中，行政所赖以治理社会的工具主要是行政行为。

即使是公共行政出现之后，在一个较长的时期内也还主要是借助于行政行为去开展社会治理，公共行政与传统行政的区别在于，找到了行政行为一致性的制度模式，确立了行政行为的（官僚制）组织基础。

到了公共行政的成熟阶段，公共政策作为社会治理的一个重要途径引起了人们的重视。

与传统社会中主要通过行政行为进行社会治理相比，公共政策在解决社会问题、降低社会成本、调节社会运行等方面都显示出了巨大的优势。

但是，如果一项政策已经失去了存在的价值而又继续被保留下来了，就可能会发挥极其消极的作用。

因此，及时、有效地终结一项或一系列错误的或没有价值的公共政策，有利于促进公共政策的更新与发展、推进公共政策的周期性循环、缓解和解决公共政策的矛盾和冲突，从而实现优化和调整公共政策系统的目标。

这就引发了学界对政策终结理论的思考和探索。

自政策科学在美国诞生以来，公共政策过程理论都是学术界所关注的热点。

1956年，拉斯韦尔在《决策过程》一书中提出了决策过程的七个阶段，即情报、建议、规定、行使、运用、评价和终止。

此种观点奠定了政策过程阶段论在公共政策研究中的主导地位。

一时间，对于政策过程各个阶段的研究成为政策学界的主要课题。

然而，相对于其他几个阶段的研究来说，政策终结的研究一直显得非常滞后。

这种情况直到20世纪70年代末80年代初，才有了明显的改善。

纺织面料商务英语实用100句

商务实用100句1.Hi, hello.How are you (doing)? 嗨，你好吗？2.Let me introduce myself, my name is …. 让我介绍我自己，我叫…….3.Let me introduce, this is our manager. 让我介绍一下，这位是我们经理。

俗称老板boss。

4.May I have your name, please?请问贵姓？5.How to spell your name / your company name？你的名字、公司名称怎么拼？6.Nice to meet you. 很高兴认识你。

7.Where are you from? Which company are you from? 你来自哪里？哪家公司？8.How is your business?你生意好吗？9.I have my own factory. 我拥有自己的工厂。

10.Are you an agent? 你是中间商吗？11.Do you have company here in China? 你在中国有公司吗？12.This is my business card. 这是我的名片。

13.Can I have yours (your business card)? 能给我你的（名片）吗？14.May I have your phone number? 能给我你的吗？15.Welcome to our company. 欢迎来到我们公司。

e in and have a look. 请进来看看。

17.Have a seat, please. / Sit down, please. 请坐。

18.Something to drink? Tea or Coffee? 喝点什么？茶，咖啡？19.Let’s get down to our business. 我们入主题。

房地产宣传册的工具型翻译——以《绿城作品》英译为例

摘要近年来，随着经济全球化的深入发展，中国的房地产业呈现出与国际接轨的新趋势。

许多房地产宣传册都配有英语译文，目的就是吸引国外的消费者购买房地产。

鉴于房地产宣传册英译日益重要的作用，本文基于大量房地产宣传册的翻译实践，在诺德文本功能理论的指导下对绿城集团房地产宣传册《绿城作品》的英译进行了详细的案例分析和研究，旨在为今后房地产宣传册文本的英译工作提供参考和建议。

翻译的目的和功能决定翻译策略。

房地产宣传册作为一种实用性文体，主要具有感染功能和指称功能。

中英文房地产宣传册的功能基本相同，但由于中英文语言表达和文化习惯的差异，在进行房地产宣传册的英译时需要参考国外房地产宣传册英文的文本特征和语言特点，使房地产宣传册译本体现英文的语言习惯和文化传统，迎合国外消费者的阅读习惯，从而让译文在目标语文化中也能实现感召效果，为此在翻译过程中须采用以目标语文化为导向的工具型翻译策略。

工具型翻译包括等功能翻译和异功能翻译。

等功能翻译主要探讨指称功能和感染功能在目标语文本中的等功能实现，为实现同等的感染功能探讨了四字词组和排偶句的修辞翻译方法，为实现同等的指称功能采用译名统一和句式转换的翻译方法。

剥离部分功能是异功能翻译的翻译方式，通过采用省译和改写的翻译方法来剥离源语文本中无用的成分。

本文根据房地产宣传册文本功能和特征的分析，以工具型翻译为翻译策略，提出了具体的翻译方法，基本实现了译文的指称功能和感染功能，达到了刺激消费者购买欲的目的，旨在为今后房地产宣传手册文本的英译工作提供一定的借鉴，从而达到房地产宣传册译本的宣传效果。

关键词：房地产; 宣传册; 工具型翻译; 文本功能AbstractRecently, China’s real estate industry starts to integrate with global industry with the deepening of global economic integration. Many real estate companies publish brochures in English in order to appeal to clients abroad. In the light of the importance of real estate brochure translations and under the guidance of Nord’s Text Functions theory, this paper analyzed and studied the translation practice of Greentown Works, aimed at providing reference and advice for the C-E translation of real estate brochures.The translation purpose and function decide translation strategies. As a practical style of writing, Real estate brochures have referential function and appellative function. The Chinese and English real estate brochures have the same function. However, due to the distinction of language expression and cultural customs between Chinese and English, the textual and language features of English real estate brochures must be taken into consideration during the translation of real estate brochures, so as to conform to western customers’reading habits. Therefore, the author adopted target culture-oriented instrumental translation strategy, including two methods: Equifunctional translation and Heterofunctional translation. Equifunctional translation discussed the realization of the same function in source culture and target culture. The same appellative function is achieved through the translation of four-character structure, antithesis and parallelism.The same referential function is realized by unifying the same translation and converting sentences. Removing part of the function is the way of Heterofunctional translation, which can be achieved byomitting and rewriting.Based on the analysis of real estate brochures’text functions and features, this paper takes instrumental translation as its strategy and proposes practical translation methods, basically realizing the referential function and appellative function and achieving the purpose to stimulate customers’desire to purchase properties. This paper is expected to she some light on the C-E translation of real estate brochures.Key words: real estate; brochures; instrumental translation; text functions目录摘要 (i)Abstract (iii)引言 (1)1. 房地产宣传册英译的理论基础 (3)1.1 诺德文本功能分类 (3)1.2文献型翻译和工具型翻译 (4)2. 房地产宣传册的文本功能和特征 (5)2.1感染功能 (6)2.1.1大量使用形容词 (6)2.1.2使用排偶修辞 (7)2.2 指称功能 (8)2.2.1 专有名词和术语出现频率高 (8)2.2.2 多用简单句式 (9)3. 房地产宣传册的工具型翻译 (11)3.1 实现修辞感染 (12)3.1.1四字词组的处理 (12)3.1.2排偶句的处理 (14)3.2 对应指称信息 (17)3.2.1译名统一 (18)3.2.2句式转换 (20)3.3 剥离部分功能 (22)3.3.1省译 (23)3.3.2改写 (24)结语 (27)参考文献 (29)附录：翻译资料 (32)致谢辞 (71) (72) (72)房地产宣传册的工具型翻译——以《绿城作品》英译为例引言当前中国房地产市场不断升温，进行房地产宣传对于房地产公司来说是非常必要的。

独树一帜还是随波逐流

的基础上ꎬ Ａｍａｌｄｏｓｓ ( ２００５) 将消费者分为两类: 领导型消费者和跟随型消费者ꎬ 其中领导型消
费者会将自身的需求放在首位ꎬ 更在意产品的独特性和新颖性ꎬ 产品效用会随购买人数增加而降
１３１
珞珈管理评论
２０２４年卷第２辑 ( 总第５３辑)
低ꎻ 跟随型消费者则把其他消费者的期望或行为作为自己行为参照的准则ꎬ 进而在自己的产品评
管理评论
ＬｕｏｊｉａＭａｎａｇｅｍｅｎｔＲｅｖｉｅｗ
２０２４年卷第２辑 ( 总第５３辑)
Ｎｏ２ꎬ ２０２４ ( Ｓｕｍ５３)
独树一帜还是随波逐流?
消费者类型和奢侈品环保信息
交互效应对购买意愿的影响
∗
•冯文婷１李洁２沈先运２刘陈陵２
(１中国地质大学 ( 武汉) 珠宝学院武汉４３００７４ꎻ
侈品品牌热衷于投身可持续性实践活动ꎬ 开发可持续奢侈品的生产线ꎬ 可持续奢侈品日益成为一种
新的时尚潮流 ( Ｌｉ＆Ｌｅｏｎａｓꎬ ２０１９) ꎮ
可持续奢侈品是指符合环保诉求ꎬ 具有节能、无害等可持续属性或相关联的奢侈品ꎮ 现有研究
表明ꎬ 消费者对于可持续奢侈品存在两种矛盾态度: 一方面ꎬ “ 可持续” 与自我超越、道德和利他主
目ꎻ 阿玛尼则承诺２０２０年起避免在生产过程中使用危险化学品ꎻ 古驰也在２０１７年宣布不再使用一切
动物皮草ꎮ 此外ꎬ 在全球可持续时尚峰会上ꎬ 宝格丽首席执行官提出: “ 作为一个奢侈品品牌ꎬ 宝格
丽以其可持续性发展的品牌理念为傲ꎬ 在每一个经营环节中坚持合乎道德的生产准则” ꎮ 这表明ꎬ 奢
实验二验证消费者心理需求 ( 分化、同化) 和奢侈品环保信息 ( 可持续、非可持续) 的匹配一致性

当代研究生英语第七单元 B课文翻译

价格的利润生物公司正在吞噬可改变动物DNA序列的所有专利。

这是对阻碍医学研究发展的一种冲击。

木匠认为他们的贸易工具是理所当然的。

他们买木材和锤子后，他们可以使用木材和锤子去制作任何他们所选择的东西。

多年之后来自木材厂和工具储藏室的人并没有任何进展，也没有索要利润份额。

对于那些打造明日药物的科学家们来说，这种独立性是一种罕见的奢侈品。

发展或是发现这些生物技术贸易中的工具和稀有材料的公司，对那些其他也用这些工具和材料的人进行了严格的监控。

这些工具包括关键基因的DNA序列，人类、动物植物和一些病毒的基因的部分片段，例如，HIV,克隆细胞，酶，删除基因和用于快速扫描DNA样品的DNA 芯片。

为了将他们这些关键的资源得到手，医学研究人员进场不得不签署协议，这些协议可以制约他们如何使用这些资源或是保证发现这些的公司可以得到最终结果中的部分利益。

许多学者称这抑制了了解和治愈疾病的进程。

这些建议使Harold得到了警示，Harold是华盛顿附近的美国国家卫生研究院的院长，在同年早期，他建立了一个工作小组去调查此事。

由于他的提早的调查，下个月出就能发布初步的报告。

来自安阿伯密歇根大学的法律教授，该工作组的主席Rebecea Eisenberg说，她们的工作组已经听到了好多研究者的抱怨，在它们中有一份由美国联合大学技术管理组提交的重量级的卷宗。

为了帮助收集证据，NIH建立了一个网站，在这个网站上研究者们可以匿名举报一些案件，这些案件他们相信他们的工作已经被这些限制性许可证严重阻碍了。

迫使研究人员在出版之前需要将他们的手稿展示给公司的这一保密条款和协议是投诉中最常见的原因之一。

另一个问题是一些公司坚持保有自动许可证的权利，该许可证是有关利用他们物质所生产的任何未来将被发现的产品，并且这些赋予他们对任何利用他们的工具所赚取的利润的支配权利的条款也有保有的权利。

Eisenberg说：“如果你不得不签署了许多这样的条款的话，那真的是一个大麻烦”。

bibtex 书籍译文

bibtex 书籍译文BibTeX是一种用于排版参考文献和引用的格式，通常用于学术论文、学术期刊和学术出版物中。

当涉及到书籍的译文时，我们需要考虑如何在BibTeX中正确引用这些信息。

首先，我们需要包括书籍的原始信息，例如书名、作者、出版商和出版日期。

对于译文，我们还需要包括译者的信息以及译文的标题。

在BibTeX中，我们可以使用`@book`条目类型来表示书籍，然后使用适当的字段来包括译文信息。

以下是一个示例BibTeX条目，表示一本书籍及其译文：@book{originalbook,。

author = {Author, Original},。

title = {Original Title},。

publisher = {Original Publisher},。

year = {Year},。

translator = {Translator, Name},。

title = {Translated Title},。

address = {Translation Publisher},。

year = {Translation Year}。

}。

在这个示例中，`originalbook`是条目的引用标签，`author`、`title`、`publisher`和`year`字段包括了原始书籍的信息，`translator`字段包括了译者的信息，`title`、`address`和`year`字段包括了译文的信息。

通过使用适当的字段和值，我们可以在BibTeX中准确地表示书籍的译文信息。

这有助于确保在学术论文或其他学术作品中正确引用和引用译文。

派对宣传英语作文

派对宣传英语作文Hosting a successful party requires meticulous planning and execution. From selecting the venue to curating the guest list, every aspect must be carefully considered to ensure an unforgettable experience for all attendees. As an event organizer, your primary goal is to create a vibrant and engaging atmosphere that will leave a lasting impression on your guests. In this essay, we will explore the key elements of effective party promotion and provide practical strategies to help you plan and execute a truly remarkable event.Defining Your Party's Unique Selling PointThe first step in promoting your party is to clearly define its unique selling point. What sets your event apart from the competition? Is it the exclusive location, the caliber of the guest list, the entertainment lineup, or the overall theme and ambiance? Identifying the key features that make your party stand out will help you craft a compelling narrative that will capture the attention of your target audience.Developing a Cohesive Branding StrategyConsistent branding is essential for effective party promotion. Develop a visual identity that reflects the overall vibe and personality of your event. This includes creating a distinctive logo, selecting a color scheme, and establishing a consistent tone and style across all your marketing materials. By maintaining a cohesive brand image, you'll create a sense of anticipation and excitement among potential guests, making them eager to be a part of your exclusive event.Leveraging Social Media PlatformsIn the digital age, social media has become the backbone of party promotion. Platforms like Instagram, Facebook, and Twitter provide an invaluable opportunity to reach a vast audience and generate buzz around your event. Craft engaging content that showcases the unique aspects of your party, such as behind-the-scenes sneak peeks, exclusive guest appearances, or tantalizing glimpses of the venue and decor. Encourage your guests to share their own experiences and photos using a dedicated event hashtag, further amplifying your reach and creating a sense of FOMO (fear of missing out) among those who haven't yet secured their tickets.Collaborating with Influencers and TastemakersPartnering with influential individuals or brands can significantly boost the visibility and credibility of your party. Reach out to local celebrities, social media influencers, or industry leaders who align with your event's target demographic and invite them to attend orpromote your party. Their endorsement and social media presence can help you tap into new audiences and lend an air of exclusivity to your event.Leveraging Traditional Marketing ChannelsWhile digital marketing is undoubtedly crucial, don't overlook the power of traditional marketing channels. Consider placing eye-catching posters or flyers in high-traffic areas, such as local businesses, universities, or community centers. Utilize direct mail campaigns to send personalized invitations to your most valuable guests, creating a sense of VIP status and exclusivity. You can also explore partnerships with local media outlets to secure press coverage and event listings, further amplifying your reach and credibility.Crafting Irresistible Ticket OffersOffering attractive ticket packages and promotions can be a powerful tool in driving ticket sales and generating excitement. Consider early bird discounts, group sales, or exclusive VIP experiences to incentivize potential guests to secure their spots early. Additionally, you can create a sense of urgency by implementing limited-time offers or countdown clocks, encouraging your audience to act quickly before the best tickets are gone.Fostering a Sense of CommunitySuccessful party promotion goes beyond simply selling tickets – it's about cultivating a sense of community and belonging among your guests. Encourage attendees to engage with one another by organizing interactive activities, networking opportunities, or social media contests. By fostering a sense of camaraderie and shared experience, you'll create lasting connections that will not only enhance the overall event experience but also increase the likelihood of repeat attendance and positive word-of-mouth.Continuously Evaluating and AdaptingParty promotion is an ongoing process that requires continuous evaluation and adaptation. Closely monitor the performance of your marketing efforts, analyze data on ticket sales, social media engagement, and guest feedback, and make adjustments as needed. Stay attuned to emerging trends and evolving audience preferences to ensure that your party remains relevant and appealing to your target market.In conclusion, effective party promotion is a multifaceted endeavor that requires a strategic and comprehensive approach. By defining your event's unique selling point, developing a cohesive branding strategy, leveraging social media and traditional marketing channels, collaborating with influencers, crafting irresistible ticket offers, and fostering a sense of community, you can create a party that not only attracts a sizable and engaged audience but also leaves a lastingimpression on all who attend. Remember, party promotion is an ongoing process, so be prepared to continuously evaluate and adapt your strategies to ensure the long-term success of your event.。

BVI公司章程范本英文版文档

Company Number 1611704TERRITORY OF THE BRITISH VRIGIN ISLANDSTHE BVI BUSINESS COMPANIES ACT(NO. 16 OF 20XX)MEMORANDUM AND ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATIONOFSino Star Ventures LimitedIncorporated the27th day of October, 20XXTERRITORY OF THE BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDSTHE BVI BUSINESS COMPANIES ACT, 20XX(the "Act")MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATIONOFSino Star Ventures Limited1NAMEThe name of the Company is Sino Star Ventures Limited.2COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARESThe Company is a company limited by shares. The liability of each member is limited to the amount from time to time unpaid on such member's shares.3REGISTERED OFFICEThe first registered office of the Company will be situated at the office of the registered agent which is at Trinity Chambers, PO Box 4301, Road Town, Tortola, Virgin Islands, British or such other place as the directors or members may from time to time decide, being the office of the registered agent.4REGISTERED AGENTThe first registered agent of the Company will be SHRM Trustees (BVI) Limited of Trinity Chambers, PO Box 4301, Road Town, Tortola, Virgin Islands, British or such other registered agent as the directors or members may decide from time to time.5GENERAL OBJECTS AND POWERSSubject to Regulation 6 below the objects for which the Company is established are unrestricted and the Company shall have full power and authority to carry out any object not prohibited by the BVI Business Companies Act, 20XX or as the same may be revised from time to time, or any other law of the British Virgin Islands.6LIMITATIONS ON THE COMPANY'S BUSINESSFor the purposes of section 9(4) of the Act the Company has no power to:(a) carry on banking or trust business, unless it is licensed under the Banks and TrustCompanies Act, 1990;(b) carry on business as an insurance or as a reinsurance company, insurance agent orinsurance broker, unless it is licensed under an enactment authorising it to carryon that business;(c) carry on the business of company management unless it is licensed under theCompanies Management Act, 1990;(d) carry on the business of providing the registered office or the registered agent forcompanies incorporated in the British Virgin Islands; or(e) carry on the business as a mutual fund, mutual fund manager or mutual fundadministrator unless it is licensed under the Mutual Funds Act, 1996.7AUTHORISED SHARES(a)The Company is authorised to issue a maximum of 50,000 shares of one classwith a par value of USD1.00 each.(b) The shares in the Company shall be issued in the currency of the United States ofAmerica.(c) Each share in the Company confers on the holder:(i) the right to one vote at a meeting of the members of the Company or onany resolution of the members of the Company;(ii) the right to an equal share in any dividend paid by the Company in accordance with the Act; and(iii) the right to an equal share in the distribution of the surplus assets of the Company.8REGISTERED SHARES ONLYShares in the Company may only be issued as registered shares and the Company is not authorised to issue bearer shares. Registered shares may not be exchanged for bearer shares or converted to bearer shares.9AMENDMENTSSubject to the provisions of the Act, the Company shall by resolution of the directors or members have the power to amend or modify any of the conditions contained in this Memorandum of Association.（插注：本文档适用所有相关企业或单位或个人，文字表格可根据您实际情况而做进行随心更改，可删减或增加内容。

顺应论视角下女性消费品英语商标的汉译

第２９卷
Ｖｏ１．２９
第４期
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兰州教育学院学报
ＪＯＵＲＮＡＬＯＦＬＡＮＺＨＯＵＩＮＳｒｒｎ ’ ＵＴＥＯＦＥＤＵＣＡＴＩＯＮ
２０１３年４月
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顺应论视角下女性消费品英语商标的汉译
消费市场的绝对主流。同时，中国女性的消费方式也顺应目的语消费者的文化和消费心理。在这些方面，
发生了从温饱型消费向发展型、享受型消费的变化，顺应论可以为商标翻译提供较好的理论支撑和实践其消费市场具有极大的潜力。首先，中国女性庞大的指导。
的需求， “ 美女经济 ” 给商家带来了巨大的商机，最直种语用学理论。它从一个全新的视角界定和解释了即从认知、社会、文化等角度全面考察了语接受益者就是可以为女性带来美丽的女性消费品行语用学，
是因为语言具有以下三个特性：变异性忽视，因为商标作为产品形象的代表，不仅是商家和当的选择，顾客直接对话的桥梁，也是企业参与竞争的有力武（ｖａｒｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙ）、商讨性（ｎｅｇｏｔｉａｂｉｌｉｔｙ）和顺应性（ａｄａｐｔａ — ｉｌｉｔｙ）。 …变异性是指语言具有一系列可供选择的可器。而国外的女性消费品要想被广大中国女性所接ｂ

唾液酸苷酶与脯氨酸氨基肽酶在细菌性阴道病中应用分析

•实验研究•唾液酸苷酶与脯氨酸氨基肽酶在细菌性阴道病中应用分析王姣姣　史露露　刘美　高选【摘要】　目的　分析唾液酸苷酶与脯氨酸氨基肽酶在细菌性阴道病中的辅助诊断价值。

方法　收集2017年1月1日至11月13日因不孕不育来我院进行分泌物检查的29 279例标本，使用Nugent评分法鉴定细菌性阴道病，同时对每例标本进行唾液酸苷酶与脯氨酸氨基肽酶检测。

结果　Nugent评分法鉴定出3938例BV阳性，阳性率为13.44%，在细菌性阴道病中唾液酸苷酶、脯氨酸氨基肽酶的检出率显著低于两者联合检测的检出率(P＜0.05)。

在细菌性阴道病中，唾液酸苷酶的敏感度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为45.04%、99.85%、97.90%、92.12%，脯氨酸氨基肽酶的敏感度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为30.65%、99.91%、98.20%、90.26%，唾液酸苷酶+脯氨酸氨基肽酶联合检测的敏感度、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为54.76%、99.81%、97.91%、93.42%。

结论　唾液酸苷酶与脯氨酸氨基肽酶对细菌性阴道病均有辅助诊断意义，且有互补作用，两者联合检测对细菌性阴道病更有诊断价值。

【关键词】　细菌性阴道病；　唾液酸苷酶；　脯氨酸氨基肽酶Application of sialidase and proline aminopeptidase in bacterial vaginosis diagnosis　Wang Jiaojiao,Shi Lulu, Liu Mei, Gao Xuan. Center for Reproductive Medicine Affiliated to Shandong University; NationalResearch Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics; The Key Laboratory forReproductive Endocrinology, Shandong University, Ministry of Education, Jinan 250001, ChinaCorresponding author: Gao Xuan, Email: stemgx@【Abstract】　Objective　To analyze the assistant diagnostic value of sialidase and proline aminopeptidase in bacterial vaginosis. Methods　29 279 specimens were collected in our hospital fromJanuary 1 to November 13, 2017 for secretion examination due to infertility. Bacterial vaginosis (BV) wasidentified by Nugent scoring method. Meanwhile, sialidase and proline aminopeptidase were detected ineach specimens. Results　Nugent scoring method have identiﬁed 3938 BV positive cases, the positive ratewas 13.44%. In these BV cases, the detection rate of sialidase and proline aminopeptidase was signiﬁcantlylower than that of the two (P＜0.05). The sensitivity, speciﬁcity, positive predictive value and negativepredictive value of sialidase for BV were 45.04%, 99.85%, 97.90% and 92.12%, respectively. The sensitivity,speciﬁcity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of proline aminopeptidase were 30.65%,99.91%, 98.20% and 90.26%, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity and negative predictive value ofcombined detection of sialidase and proline aminopeptidase were 30.65%, 99.91%, 98.20% and 90.26%,respectively. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 54.76%, 99.81%, 97.91% and93.42% respectively. Conclusion　Both sialidase and proline aminopeptidase are helpful in the diagnosis ofBV, and they complement each other. The combined detection of sialidase and proline aminopeptidase is morevaluable in the diagnosis of BV.【Key words】　Bacterial vaginosis;　Sialidase;　Proline aminopeptidaseDOI：10.3877/cma.j.issn.2095-5820.2019.01.010作者单位：250001 济南，山东大学生殖医学研究中心国家辅助生殖与优生工程技术研究中心生殖内分泌教育部重点实验室通信作者：高选，Email：stemgx@细菌性阴道病(bacterial vaginosis, BV)是常见的妇科生殖感染性疾病，有研究显示，BV感染可能是引起女性不孕的重要原因[1]。

visting条款

visting条款Visiting terms and conditions can often be a source of frustration and confusion for both visitors and the establishments they are visiting. These terms are put in place to ensure the safety, security, and smooth operation of the establishment, but they can sometimes feelrestrictive and impersonal. In this essay, we will explore the various perspectives surrounding visiting terms and conditions, highlighting the concerns of visitors, the rationale of establishments, and the potential for a more empathetic approach.From the perspective of visitors, the terms and conditions can feel overwhelming and restrictive. Visitors may feel like they are being bombarded with rules and regulations that limit their freedom and enjoyment. They may find it difficult to navigate through the lengthy document, often filled with legal jargon, and may not fully understand the implications of agreeing to these terms. This lack of understanding can lead to frustration and asense of powerlessness, as visitors may feel like they have no choice but to comply with the terms or risk being denied entry.On the other hand, establishments have a responsibility to ensure the safety and security of their premises and visitors. Visiting terms and conditions are put in place to protect both the establishment and its visitors from potential harm or liability. These terms often cover areas such as dress code, behavior, photography, and liability waivers. Establishments need to set clear boundaries and expectations to maintain order and prevent any potential risks or conflicts. By outlining these terms, establishments aim to create a safe and enjoyable environment for all visitors.However, there is a growing need for a more empathetic approach to visiting terms and conditions. Many visitors feel that these terms are too rigid and fail to take into account individual circumstances or needs. For example, a visitor with a disability may find it challenging to comply with certain rules, such as strict dress codes or limitedaccessibility. By adopting a more empathetic approach, establishments can better understand and accommodate the diverse needs of their visitors, ensuring a more inclusive and welcoming environment.One way to achieve this is by providing clearer and more concise terms and conditions that are easily understandable for all visitors. By using plain language and avoiding excessive legal jargon, establishments can ensure that visitors have a better understanding of the rules and regulations they are agreeing to. Additionally, establishments can provide alternative options or accommodations for visitors who may have difficulty complying with certain terms. This could include offering wheelchair ramps, providing sign language interpreters, or allowing exceptions to dress codes for religious or cultural reasons.In conclusion, visiting terms and conditions play a crucial role in maintaining the safety and security of establishments and visitors. However, it is important to acknowledge the frustrations and concerns of visitors andstrive for a more empathetic approach. By providing clearer and more concise terms, as well as accommodating the diverse needs of visitors, establishments can create a more inclusive and welcoming environment. Ultimately, the goal should be to strike a balance between ensuring safety and security while also providing visitors with an enjoyable and memorable experience.。

bytheway的英语作文

bytheway的英语作文By the way, have you ever thought about the power of a simple phrase to change the course of a conversation? The phrase "by the way" is one such linguistic tool that can be used to introduce a new topic or share a piece of information that might be tangential to the main discussion. Here's a short essay on its usage and impact:In the dynamic flow of conversation, we often find ourselves needing to bring up a point that wasn't initially the focus of the discussion. This is where the phrase "by the way" comes in handy. It's a casual and non-intrusive way to steer the conversation towards a new subject or to add an interesting fact or piece of news.For instance, imagine you're discussing the weather with a friend, and you suddenly remember a concert happening in town that evening. You might say, "By the way, there's a great concert tonight. Have you heard about it?" This smoothly transitions the conversation from the mundane topic of weather to something more engaging and relevant to yourfriend's interests.The phrase "by the way" also serves as a social lubricant, allowing us to introduce topics that might be sensitive or unexpected. It softens the introduction and makes it feelmore natural and less forced. For example, if you're talking about work and you want to bring up a personal accomplishment, you might say, "By the way, I got a promotion last week."This approach can make the news feel less like bragging and more like a casual update.However, it's important to use this phrase judiciously. Overusing "by the way" can make a conversation feeldisjointed and disjointed. It's best to use it sparingly and only when the new topic is genuinely relevant or adds valueto the ongoing discussion.In conclusion, "by the way" is a versatile phrase that can enrich our conversations and help us navigate the social waters with grace. It's a subtle art to master, but when used correctly, it can make all the difference in how we connect with others.This essay provides a brief exploration of how the phrase "by the way" can be used effectively in conversation, along with some considerations for its use.。

差异共筑美好家的英语作文

In the tapestry of life,diversity is the thread that weaves together the rich and vibrant patterns of our existence.It is through our differences that we create a beautiful home,a place where each unique color and texture contributes to the overall harmony and beauty.The concept of a home is not merely a physical space but an emotional sanctuary where we feel safe,loved,and accepted.A beautiful home is one that embraces the differences among its members,celebrating the individuality that each person brings to the table.It is a place where we can express ourselves freely,knowing that our uniqueness is valued and cherished.One of the most significant aspects of a beautiful home is the acceptance of cultural diversity.In a world where we are increasingly interconnected,it is essential to recognize and appreciate the various cultural backgrounds that each family member may have.This can be seen in the different languages spoken,the variety of foods enjoyed,and the diverse traditions and customs observed.By embracing these differences,we create a home that is rich in cultural experiences and learning opportunities.Moreover,a beautiful home is one that encourages personal growth and development. Each individual has their own dreams,aspirations,and interests.A home that supports and nurtures these differences is one that fosters a sense of belonging and selfworth. Whether it is a childs passion for music,a parents love for gardening,or an elders wisdom in storytelling,a beautiful home is a place where these differences are celebrated and encouraged.In addition,a beautiful home is one that practices empathy and understanding.It is through our differences that we learn to be compassionate and accepting of one another. By listening to each others stories,we gain a deeper understanding of the experiences that have shaped us.This empathy helps to build stronger relationships and a more harmonious living environment.Furthermore,a beautiful home is one that values open communication and respectful dialogue.Differences of opinion and perspective are inevitable in any household. However,it is through respectful discussions that we can learn from one another and grow together.A home that encourages open communication is one where each member feels heard and respected,regardless of their viewpoint.Lastly,a beautiful home is one that is adaptable and flexible.As individuals grow and change,so too does the dynamic of the home.A home that can adapt to these changes, embracing new interests and ideas,is one that remains vibrant and alive.This adaptabilityis a testament to the strength of the relationships within the home and the willingness of its members to support one another through lifes journey.In conclusion,it is our differences that make our homes beautiful.By embracing and celebrating the unique qualities that each person brings,we create a living environment that is rich in love,acceptance,and growth.A beautiful home is not one that is free of differences but one that thrives because of them.It is in this diversity that we find the true essence of a home a place where we can be ourselves,learn from one another,and grow together as a family.。

subject to change based on requirements

subject to change based onrequirements"Subject to change based on requirements" is a phrase commonly used in various contexts to indicate that the information, details, or conditions provided are subject to modification or adjustment according to specific needs or demands. It implies a certain level of flexibility and adaptability.In a business or project environment, this phrase is often used when outlining plans, proposals, or agreements. It means that the proposed course of action, timeline, or deliverables may need to be adjusted in response to evolving circumstances, client requests, or changes in the market. By using this phrase, it indicates that the parties involved understand the potential for alterations and are willing to accommodate them.In the context of software development, "subject to change based on requirements" might be included when describing the functionality, features, or user interface of a product. It signifies that the final implementation could vary depending on user feedback, changing technological landscapes, or new business priorities. This allows for iterative development and the ability to respond to emerging needs.The phrase also applies in other areas such as legal contracts, where it may indicate that certain terms or provisions could be modified based on mutually agreed-upon requirements or changes in circumstances. It provides a mechanism for flexibility while still maintaining the overall framework and intent of the agreement.Overall, "subject to change based on requirements" emphasizes the importance of flexibility and adaptability in dynamic environments. It acknowledges that plans and details may need to be adjusted to align with evolving needs and circumstances, ensuring that the final outcome remains effective and relevant.。

城市调查英语模板作文

城市调查英语模板作文Introduction:Urbanization has been a significant trend in recent decades, transforming the landscape and lifestyle of many societies. This essay will provide a template for conducting an urban survey, which can be utilized to gather insights into the various facets of city life.Background:The rapid growth of cities has brought about both opportunities and challenges. Understanding the dynamics of urban environments is crucial for effective urban planning and policy-making.Purpose of the Survey:The primary aim of this survey is to assess the quality of life in urban areas, focusing on aspects such as housing, transportation, employment, and public services.Methodology:The survey will be conducted using a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods. This includes questionnaires distributed to a random sample of city residents, interviews with key stakeholders, and the analysis of existing urban data.Sample Questions:1. Housing:- How satisfied are you with the housing options available in the city?- Do you feel that the cost of housing is reasonable?2. Transportation:- What is your primary mode of transportation within the city?- Do you find the public transportation system efficient and reliable?3. Employment:- What are the main industries in the city that provide employment opportunities?- How would you rate the job market in terms ofavailability and quality of jobs?4. Public Services:- Are you satisfied with the quality of public services such as healthcare and education?- Do you believe that the city provides adequate resources for public services?5. Environmental Concerns:- How would you rate the city's efforts in managing waste and pollution?- What measures do you think the city should take to improve its environmental sustainability?Data Analysis:The collected data will be analyzed using statisticalsoftware to identify trends and patterns. Qualitative responses will be coded and thematically analyzed to provide a comprehensive understanding of urban life.Conclusion:The findings from this survey will be used to inform urban development strategies, ensuring that the city's growth is sustainable and that it meets the needs of its residents.Recommendations:Based on the survey results, recommendations will be made to improve urban living conditions. This may include suggestions for affordable housing, improved public transportation, job creation, and enhanced public services.Appendix:The questionnaire and interview protocols will be included in the appendix for reference.This template provides a structured approach to conducting an urban survey and can be adapted to suit the specific needs and context of different cities.。

venuti的归化和异化概念的英文表述

Venuti的归化和异化概念是翻译学领域中非常重要的理论概念，对于理解翻译过程中的语言、文化和权力关系具有重要意义。

Venuti认为，翻译不仅仅是语言之间的转换，更重要的是涉及到文化的传递和权力的运用。

在他的研究中，Venuti提出了归化和异化两种翻译策略，并认为这两种策略在翻译实践中都具有重要意义。

一、Venuti的归化和异化概念1. 归化翻译归化翻译是指在翻译过程中，译者倾向于迎合接受文化的口味和价值观，使得原文被转化成接受文化的习惯用语和语体风格。

这种翻译策略强调的是目标文化的接受和理解，试图消除源语文化的异质性，使得翻译文本更加符合目标文化的语言规范和文化习惯。

将原文中的文化特有的表达或习惯用语转化成目标文化的通用表达或习语，使得译文更容易为目标读者所理解。

2. 异化翻译异化翻译则是指在翻译过程中，译者倾向于保持源语文化的异质性和特色，使得译文能够保留原文的独特风味和文化特征。

这种翻译策略更加强调源语文化的表达和呈现，试图保持原文的异质性和文化独特性，使得翻译文本更具有原汁原味。

在翻译文学作品时，译者会尽量保留原文中的文化隐喻、双关语和文化象征，使得译文更贴近原著的语言风格和文化内涵。

二、Venuti的归化和异化概念的英文表述1. 归化翻译的英文表述在英文翻译领域中，归化翻译通常被描述为"domestication"，即使原文也有"家国化"这个术语，但通常会使用英文的"domestication"来表示。

这个术语强调了在翻译过程中，译者将源语文本变得更加接近目标文化的语言和风格，使得译文更容易为目标读者所接受和理解。

2. 异化翻译的英文表述与归化翻译相对应的是"foreignization"，即"异国化"。

这个术语则强调了在翻译过程中，译者会保留原文的特色和异质性，使得译文更加忠于原文的语言风格和文化特征。

价格敏感型顾客的英语作文

Pricesensitive customers are a significant segment of the consumer market that businesses must understand and cater to effectively. These customers prioritize cost over other factors such as brand loyalty or product quality when making purchasing decisions. Here are some key points to consider when discussing pricesensitive customers in an English essay:1. Definition: Begin by defining what it means to be pricesensitive. This type of customer is primarily driven by the cost of a product or service and is more likely to switch brands if a lowerpriced alternative is available.2. Market Dynamics: Discuss how the presence of pricesensitive customers affects market dynamics. Businesses often engage in price wars to attract these consumers, which can lead to lower profit margins and a focus on cost reduction rather than innovation.3. Economic Factors: Explain the economic factors that contribute to the growth of price sensitivity. Economic downturns, inflation, and income inequality can all lead to an increase in the number of consumers who prioritize price when shopping.4. Impact on Businesses: Analyze the impact of pricesensitive customers on businesses. Companies must balance the need to offer competitive prices with the desire to maintain profitability and invest in product development.5. Strategies for Engagement: Explore strategies that businesses can employ to engage pricesensitive customers. This might include offering discounts, running sales, or providing valueadded services that justify a higher price point.6. Psychological Aspects: Delve into the psychological aspects of price sensitivity. Some customers may derive satisfaction from finding a good deal, which can be a form of selfreward for their perceived financial acumen.7. Technological Influence: Discuss how technology has empowered pricesensitive customers. The internet and mobile apps make it easier for consumers to compare prices and find the best deals, increasing their bargaining power.8. Case Studies: Provide examples of companies that have successfully targeted pricesensitive customers. This could include discount retailers, online marketplaces, or subscription services that offer cost savings over time.9. Future Trends: Predict future trends in consumer behavior related to price sensitivity.As more consumers become aware of their spending habits and the environmental impact of consumption, there may be a shift towards valuebased purchasing rather than solely pricebased.10. Conclusion: Conclude by summarizing the importance of understanding pricesensitive customers and the strategies businesses can employ to meet their needs while maintaining profitability.Remember to use clear, concise language and provide evidence or examples to support your points. An essay on pricesensitive customers should provide a comprehensive view of this consumer segment and its implications for the market and businesses.。

academic phrasebank navigable 2021原版中英文对照

academic phrasebank navigable 2021原版中英文对照
（实用版）
目录
1.引言：介绍《学术短语库》的背景和重要性
2.内容概述：详细介绍《学术短语库》的内容和结构
3.中英文对照：分析《学术短语库》中英文对照的优势和特点
4.结语：对《学术短语库》的评价和建议
正文
《学术短语库》（Academic Phrasebank）是一本为学术写作提供支持和指导的参考书，该书于 2021 年更新，提供了丰富的中英文对照范例，为学习者提供了便利。

《学术短语库》的内容丰富，结构清晰。

书中涵盖了学术写作的各个方面，包括论文结构、文献引用、数据分析等，为学习者提供了全面的指导。

同时，书中提供了大量的中英文对照范例，使得学习者可以更好地理解和运用各种学术短语。

《学术短语库》的中英文对照具有明显的优势。

首先，这种对照方式可以帮助学习者更好地理解英文短语的含义和用法。

其次，通过对照，学习者可以更好地掌握学术写作的技巧和方法，提高写作水平。

最后，中英文对照还可以帮助学习者更好地适应学术写作的语言环境，提高写作的准确性和规范性。

总的来说，《学术短语库》是一本非常有价值的参考书。

它为学术写作提供了全面的指导，特别是其中英文对照的范例，为学习者提供了便利。

然而，我们也应该看到，学术写作是一个复杂的过程，需要不断地学习和实践。

第1页共1页。

Unit 2 Lesson 3 Reading 教学设计高中英语北师大版(2019)选择性必修第一册

Unit 2 Success Lesson 3 Reading课例教学内容：Getting to the top & Reading Club 1 Contribution and sacrifice 话题目标：成功需要奉献和牺牲，也是不同的人生选择主课文Getting to the top文本分析:主题意义：该文为一篇博客，主要内容是一位奥运冠军介绍自己的成功之路和人生选择，展现了她对体育事业的热爱和不畏他人言论力争奥运冠军的人生态度，属于“人与自我”主题。

其主题意义在于引发学生对成功的理性思考，客观地认识他人获得的成功，批判性地审视作者的人生选择。

主要内容：该文从一位奥运冠军的视角介绍她的成功之路和人生选择。

作者通过介绍自己从小到大的亲身经历，阐述了为什么挑战自己的能力极限并一路走向奥运冠军领奖台。

作者先是讲述了由于长期专注于训练而失去和错过的生活，同时也引入了朋友的顾虑，担心她会失去生活只剩一块奥运金牌独自分享。

作者接着分析了自己做出这样选择的原因，并进一步表明要想战胜对手，就要多付出那么一点点，而正是多付出的这一点使她能够达到顶峰。

文体结构：该文是一篇英文博客。

主要由三部分构成：第一部分讲述了外界对作者的质疑，让读者体会到她运动生涯面临着极大地压力，吸引读者了解她选择这种生活方式的原因。

第二部分讲述作者自己内心的纠结，扪心自问，为了追求奥运冠军所做出的放弃是否值得。

第三部分阐述了作者走向成功的原因，即为了奥运冠军做出牺牲的真正原因，证明了自己的人生选择。

语言修辞：作者采用了对比的手法表现面临外界压力时的内心纠结和经过反思后对自己人生选择的肯定。

作者通过几个问句表达了自己内心的痛苦，如：Don’t they know how hard it is to be at the top in sport? Don’t they know what it takes to get there? who am I doing this for? How much is too much? Why am I doing this? How can I be so selfish? What are the sacrifices for? 此外，作者通过自问自答的方式清楚地表达了对人生选择的肯定。