PROMAG MSR Communication Protocol(081128)
普洛麦格 (北京) 生物技术有限公司 RealTime-Glo
G9711, G9712 and G9713中文说明书适用产品目录号：G7130和G73602020版 CTB199原英文技术手册TB199DeadEnd™ ColorimetricTUNEL System普洛麦格(北京)生物技术有限公司Promega (Beijing) Biotech Co., Ltd 地址：北京市东城区北三环东路36号环球贸易中心B座907-909电话：************网址：技术支持电话：800 810 8133(座机拨打)，400 810 8133(手机拨打)技术支持邮箱：*************************CTB1992020制作1DeadEnd™ Colorimetric TUNEL System所有技术文献的英文原版均可在/ protocols获得。
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电子邮箱：*************************1.产品描述 (2)2.产品组分和储存条件 (4)3.检测步骤 (5)3.A. 用户需提供的材料和试剂制备 (5)3.B. 在组织切片上进行凋亡分析的步骤 (7)3.C. 在培养细胞中检测凋亡的步骤 (9)3.D. 阳性对照DNA酶处理步骤（可选） (10)3.E. 茴香霉素诱导的HL-60细胞凋亡步骤 (10)4.疑难解答 (11)5.缓冲液和溶液的成分 (12)6.相关产品 (13)7.参考文献 (14)8.内容变更总结 (15)普洛麦格(北京)生物技术有限公司Promega (Beijing) Biotech Co., Ltd 地址：北京市东城区北三环东路36号环球贸易中心B座907-909电话：************网址：技术支持电话：800 810 8133(座机拨打)，400 810 8133(手机拨打)技术支持邮箱：*************************CTB1992020制作21. 产品描述DeadEnd™ Colorimetric TUNEL System提供末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶（TdT）介导的断裂的核DNA缺口末端标记用试剂。
Lenovo CE0128T交换机说明书
Lenovo CE0128T Switch (Gigabit Ethernet)Product Guide (withdrawn product)The Lenovo CE0128T Switch is a 1 Gb Ethernet (GbE) switch that delivers a compact, high-density, cost-effective GbE solution for small network environments where space and power are at a premium. Featuring a small, 1U footprint, this switch is designed for access-layer deployments in branches, retail and workgroup environments, and network access in larger networks.The CE0128T Switch offers 24x 10/100/1000BASE-T ports for server, storage, and network connectivity and 4x 1 GbE SFP uplink ports for connections to higher-layer devices.The CE0128T Switch supports a wide range of L2 and L3 features that provide performance, availability, security, and manageability for campus networks.The Lenovo CE0128T Switch is shown in the following figure.Figure 1. Lenovo CE0128T SwitchDid you know?The CE0128T Switch is designed to deliver non-blocking, line-rate throughput.The CE0128T Switch supports the GARP VLAN Registration Protocol (GVRP) protocol for simplifying and automating VLAN configuration.The CE0128T Switch supports stacking, enabling up to eight interconnected CE0128T Switch devices to be managed as a single logical device.The CE1028T Switch supports Zero Touch Provisioning, which enables a switch to automatically provision itself using the resources available on the network, without manual intervention.Click here to check for updatesFigure 2. Front panel of the CE0128T SwitchThe front panel of the CE0128T Switch contains the following components: 24x 1000BASE-T Ethernet ports for 10/100/1000 Mbps connections.4x SFP ports for 1 GbE transceivers: 1000BASE-T, SX, or LX.1x RJ-45 RS-232 console port for configuring the switch.LEDs that display the status of the switch and the network.Reset button.Figure 3. Rear panel of the CE0128T SwitchThe rear panel of the CE0128T Switch contains the following components: AC / HVDC power connector (IEC 320-C14).Ventilation holes.Grounding pole.Storage connectivityThe following table lists the storage systems that Lenovo offers in China that can be used with the CE0128T Switch for external 1 GbE NAS or 1 Gb iSCSI SAN storage connectivity.Table 7. External storage systemsDescription Part numberLenovo ThinkSystem DS Series Storage (1 Gb iSCSI connectivity)Lenovo ThinkSystem DS2200 LFF FC/iSCSI Dual Controller Unit (Simplified Chinese documentation)4599A3C Lenovo ThinkSystem DS2200 SFF FC/iSCSI Dual Controller Unit (Simplified Chinese documentation)4599A1C Lenovo ThinkSystem DS4200 LFF FC/iSCSI Dual Controller Unit (Simplified Chinese documentation)4617A3C Lenovo ThinkSystem DS4200 SFF FC/iSCSI Dual Controller Unit (Simplified Chinese documentation)4617A1C Lenovo ThinkSystem DS6200 SFF FC/iSCSI Dual Controller Unit (Simplified Chinese documentation)4619A1C Lenovo Storage V Series (1 Gb iSCSI connectivity)Lenovo Storage V3700 V2 LFF Control Enclosure6535C1D Lenovo Storage V3700 V2 LFF Control Enclosure (TopSeller)6535EC1 Lenovo Storage V3700 V2 SFF Control Enclosure6535C2D Lenovo Storage V3700 V2 SFF Control Enclosure (TopSeller)6535EC2 Lenovo Storage V3700 V2 XP LFF Control Enclosure6535C3D Lenovo Storage V3700 V2 XP LFF Control Enclosure (TopSeller)6535EC3 Lenovo Storage V3700 V2 XP SFF Control Enclosure6535C4D Lenovo Storage V3700 V2 XP SFF Control Enclosure (TopSeller)6535EC4 Lenovo Storage V5030 LFF Control Enclosure 3Yr S&S6536C12 Lenovo Storage V5030 LFF Control Enclosure 5Yr S&S6536C32 Lenovo Storage V5030 SFF Control Enclosure 3Yr S&S6536C22 Lenovo Storage V5030 SFF Control Enclosure 5Yr S&S6536C42 Lenovo Storage V5030F SFF Control Enclosure 3Yr S&S6536B1F Lenovo Storage V5030F SFF Control Enclosure 5Yr S&S6536B2F Lenovo Storage V7000 SFF Control Enclosure 3Yr S&S PRC6538R11^ Lenovo Storage V7000 SFF Control Enclosure 5Yr S&S PRC6538R21^ Lenovo Storage V7000F SFF Control Enclosure 3Yr S&S PRC6538R1G^ Lenovo Storage V7000F SFF Control Enclosure 5Yr S&S PRC6538R2G^ IBM Storwize for Lenovo (1 Gb iSCSI connectivity)IBM Storwize V3500 3.5-inch Dual Control Storage Controller Unit6096CU2 IBM Storwize V3500 2.5-inch Dual Control Storage Controller Unit6096CU3 IBM Storwize V7000 SFF Control Enclosure, 3YR SWMA6195C32 IBM Storwize V7000 SFF Control Enclosure, 5YR SWMA6195C52 Lenovo Storage DX8200N Series (1 GbE NAS, 1 Gb iSCSI connectivity)Lenovo Storage DX8200N with 1x N2226 HBA (Requires a supported external drive enclosure)5128C1C Lenovo Storage DX8200N with 2x N2226 HBAs (Requires a supported external drive enclosure)5128C2C Lenovo Storage DX8200C Series (1 GbE S3 cloud storage)Lenovo Storage DX8200C 56TB (14x 4TB HDDs) with Cloudian HyperStore - 3yr HW/SW S&S5120D1C Lenovo Storage DX8200C 84TB (14x 6TB HDDs) with Cloudian HyperStore - 3yr HW/SW S&S5120D2CPower distribution unitsThe following table lists the power distribution units (PDUs) that are offered by Lenovo that can be used with the CE0128T Switch in IT solutions.Table 9. Power distribution unitsDescription Part number0U Basic PDUs0U 36 C13/6 C19 32A/200-240V 1 Phase PDU with IEC60309 332P6 line cord00YJ777 0U 21 C13/12 C19 32A/200-240V/346-415V 3 Phase PDU with IEC60309 532P6 line cord00YJ778 0U 21 C13/12 C19 48A/200-240V 3 Phase PDU with IEC60309 460P9 line cord00YJ779 Switched and Monitored PDUs0U 20 C13/4 C19 Switched and Monitored 32A/200-240V/1Ph PDU w/ IEC60309 332P6 line cord00YJ780 0U 18 C13/6 C19 Switched / Monitored 32A/200-240V/346-415V/3Ph PDU w/ IEC60309 532P6 cord00YJ782 0U 12 C13/12 C19 Switched and Monitored 48A/200-240V/3Ph PDU w/ IEC60309 460P9 line cord00YJ783 1U 9 C19/3 C13 Switched and Monitored DPI PDU (without line cord)46M4002 1U 9 C19/3 C13 Switched and Monitored 60A 3Ph PDU with IEC 309 3P+Gnd cord46M4003 1U 12 C13 Switched and Monitored DPI PDU (without line cord)46M4004 1U 12 C13 Switched and Monitored 60A 3 Phase PDU with IEC 309 3P+Gnd line cord46M4005 Ultra Density Enterprise PDUs (9x IEC 320 C13 + 3x IEC 320 C19 outlets)Ultra Density Enterprise C19/C13 PDU Module (without line cord)71762NX Ultra Density Enterprise C19/C13 PDU 60A/208V/3ph with IEC 309 3P+Gnd line cord71763NU C13 Enterprise PDUs (12x IEC 320 C13 outlets)DPI C13 Enterprise PDU+ (without line cord)39M2816 DPI Single Phase C13 Enterprise PDU (without line cord)39Y8941 C19 Enterprise PDUs (6x IEC 320 C19 outlets)DPI Single Phase C19 Enterprise PDU (without line cord)39Y8948 DPI 60A 3 Phase C19 Enterprise PDU with IEC 309 3P+G (208 V) fixed line cord39Y8923 Front-end PDUs (3x IEC 320 C19 outlets)DPI 32amp/250V Front-end PDU with IEC 309 2P+Gnd line cord39Y8934 DPI 60amp/250V Front-end PDU with IEC 309 2P+Gnd line cord39Y8940 DPI 63amp/250V Front-end PDU with IEC 309 2P+Gnd line cord39Y8935 Universal PDUs (7x IEC 320 C13 outlets)DPI Universal 7 C13 PDU (with 2 m IEC 320-C19 to C20 rack power cord)00YE443 Line cords for PDUs that ship without a line cordDPI 32a Line Cord (IEC 309 P+N+G)40K9612 DPI 32a Line Cord (IEC 309 3P+N+G)40K9611 DPI 60a Cord (IEC 309 2P+G)40K9615 DPI 63a Cord (IEC 309 P+N+G)40K9613For more information, see the list of Product Guides in the PDU category:https:///servers/options/pdu#rt=product-guideUninterruptible power supply unitsUninterruptible power supply unitsThe following table lists the uninterruptible power supply (UPS) units that are offered by Lenovo that can be used with the CE0128T Switch in IT solutions.Table 10. Uninterruptible power supply unitsDescription Part numberRT1.5kVA 2U Rack or Tower UPS (200-240VAC) (8x IEC 320 C13 10A outlets)55941KX RT2.2kVA 2U Rack or Tower UPS (200-240VAC) (8x IEC 320 C13 10A, 1x IEC 320 C19 16A outlets)55942KX RT3kVA 2U Rack or Tower UPS (200-240VAC) (8x IEC 320 C13 10A, 1x IEC 320 C19 16A outlets)55943KX RT5kVA 3U Rack or Tower UPS (200-240VAC) (8x IEC 320 C13 10A, 2x IEC 320 C19 16A outlets)55945KX RT6kVA 3U Rack or Tower UPS (200-240VAC) (8x IEC 320 C13 10A, 2x IEC 320 C19 16A outlets)55946KX RT8kVA 6U Rack or Tower UPS (200-240VAC) (4x IEC 320-C19 16A outlets)55948KX RT11kVA 6U Rack or Tower UPS (200-240VAC) (4x IEC 320-C19 16A outlets)55949KX RT8kVA 6U 3:1 Phase Rack or Tower UPS (380-415VAC) (4x IEC 320-C19 16A outlets)55948PX RT11kVA 6U 3:1 Phase Rack or Tower UPS (380-415VAC) (4x IEC 320-C19 16A outlets)55949PXFor more information, see the list of Product Guides in the Uninterruptible Power Supply Units category: /servers/options/ups#rt=product-guideLenovo Financial ServicesLenovo Financial Services reinforces Lenovo’s commitment to deliver pioneering products and services that are recognized for their quality, excellence, and trustworthiness. Lenovo Financial Services offers financing solutions and services that complement your technology solution anywhere in the world.We are dedicated to delivering a positive finance experience for customers like you who want to maximize your purchase power by obtaining the technology you need today, protect against technology obsolescence, and preserve your capital for other uses.We work with businesses, non-profit organizations, governments and educational institutions to finance their entire technology solution. We focus on making it easy to do business with us. Our highly experienced team of finance professionals operates in a work culture that emphasizes the importance of providing outstanding customer service. Our systems, processes and flexible policies support our goal of providing customers with a positive experience.We finance your entire solution. Unlike others, we allow you to bundle everything you need from hardware and software to service contracts, installation costs, training fees, and sales tax. If you decide weeks or months later to add to your solution, we can consolidate everything into a single invoice.Our Premier Client services provide large accounts with special handling services to ensure these complex transactions are serviced properly. As a premier client, you have a dedicated finance specialist who manages your account through its life, from first invoice through asset return or purchase. This specialist develops an in-depth understanding of your invoice and payment requirements. For you, this dedication provides a high-quality, easy, and positive financing experience.For your region specific offers please ask your Lenovo sales representative or your technology provider about the use of Lenovo Financial Services. For more information, see the following Lenovo website: Related publications and linksTrademarksLenovo and the Lenovo logo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Lenovo in the United States, other countries, or both. A current list of Lenovo trademarks is available on the Web athttps:///us/en/legal/copytrade/.The following terms are trademarks of Lenovo in the United States, other countries, or both:Lenovo®RackSwitchThinkSystem®TopSellerOther company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others.。
软交换日常维护
6、监控单板的运行状态 在客户端的“MML命令行 - CGP”窗口执行DSP BRD命令，观察每
个机柜中所有机框的单板运行状态（包括前插板和后插板）。 7、监控 iGWB （话单池）的通信状态
第一部分：主要设备
• 前插板：通用处理板（UPB）、交换单元 （SWU）、机箱管理板（SMM）
• 后插板：通用业务接口单元（USI）、交换 接口单元（SWI）、机框数据板（SDM）。
• 操作维护功能： • 数据配置和数据库管理、故障管理、性能
测量、安全管理、话单管理、OMU维护、 环境监控
第一部分：主要设备
• ASI板即POTS接口板，提供32路POTS用户接口。 • 通过以下三种方式登录IAD管理系统： Web方式登
录，Telnet、本地串口方式通过命令行登录。
第一部分：主要设备
本地自交换组网示意图：
第二部分：组网及设备配置
一、本局软交换组网配置图：
第二部分：组网及设备配置
2、承载网络拓扑图
第二部分：组网及设备配置
接口板（MMIU）。其中： • 1、MMIU单板主要功能包括：外引6个FE接口、1个调试
串口、1个告警箱串口、1个环境监控串口。 • 2、MOMD单板主要功能包括：提供TDM业务交换管理功
能，时钟信号的输出，E1/T1接口和FE光接口。 • 3、MVPD完成语音业务的IP分组适配处理，提供H.248
第三部分：日常维护
一、日维护
（一）监控告警系统 1、监控配电框(华为统一机架)
检查每个机柜 的配电框前面板上的“ALM”告警指示灯。绿色 2、监控 ALUI 板
A Survey on Wireless Body Area Networks
A survey on wireless body area networksBenoıˆt Latre ´•Bart Braem •Ingrid Moerman •Chris Blondia •Piet DemeesterPublished online:11November 2010ÓSpringer Science+Business Media,LLC 2010Abstract The increasing use of wireless networks and the constant miniaturization of electrical devices has empow-ered the development of Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs).In these networks various sensors are attached on clothing or on the body or even implanted under the skin.The wireless nature of the network and the wide variety of sen-sors offer numerous new,practical and innovative applica-tions to improve health care and the Quality of Life.The sensors of a WBAN measure for example the heartbeat,the body temperature or record a prolonged ing a WBAN,the patient experiences a greater physical mobility and is no longer compelled to stay in the hospital.This paper offers a survey of the concept of Wireless Body Area Networks.First,we focus on some applications with special interest in patient monitoring.Then the communi-cation in a WBAN and its positioning between the different technologies is discussed.An overview of the current research on the physical layer,existing MAC and network protocols is given.Further,cross layer and quality of service is discussed.As WBANs are placed on the human body and often transport private data,security is also considered.An overview of current and past projects is given.Finally,the open research issues and challenges are pointed out.Keywords Wireless body area networks ÁRouting ÁMAC1IntroductionThe aging population in many developed countries and the rising costs of health care have triggered the introduction of novel technology-driven enhancements to current health care practices.For example,recent advances in electron-ics have enabled the development of small and intelligent (bio-)medical sensors which can be worn on or implanted in the human body.These sensors need to send their data to an external medical server where it can be analyzed and ing a wired connection for this purpose turns out to be too cumbersome and involves a high cost for deployment and maintenance.However,the use of a wireless interface enables an easier application and is more cost efficient [1].The patient experiences a greater physical mobility and is no longer compelled to stay in a hospital.This process can be considered as the next step in enhancing the personal health care and in coping with the costs of the health care system.Where eHealth is defined as the health care practice sup-ported by electronic processes and communication,the health care is now going a step further by becoming mobile.This is referred to as mHealth [2].In order to fully exploit the benefits of wireless technologies in telemedicine and mHealth,a new type of wireless network emerges:a wire-less on-body network or a Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN).This term was first coined by Van Dam et al.[3]and received the interest of several researchers [4–8].A Wireless Body Area Network consists of small,intelligent devices attached on or implanted in the body which are capable of establishing a wireless communica-tion link.These devices provide continuous health moni-toring and real-time feedback to the user or medical personnel.Furthermore,the measurements can be recorded over a longer period of time,improving the quality of the measured data [9].tre´(&)ÁI.Moerman ÁP.Demeester Department of Information Technology,Ghent University/IBBT,Gaston Crommenlaan 8,Box 201,9050Gent,Belgium e-mail:tre@intec.ugent.beB.Braem ÁC.BlondiaDepartment of Mathematics and Computer Science,University of Antwerp/IBBT,Middelheimlaan 1,2020Antwerp,Belgium e-mail:bart.braem@ua.ac.beWireless Netw (2011)17:1–18DOI 10.1007/s11276-010-0252-4Generally speaking,two types of devices can be dis-tinguished:sensors and actuators.The sensors are used to measure certain parameters of the human body,either externally or internally.Examples include measuring the heartbeat,body temperature or recording a prolonged electrocardiogram(ECG).The actuators(or actors)on the other hand take some specific actions according to the data they receive from the sensors or through interaction with the user,e.g.,an actuator equipped with a built-in reservoir and pump administers the correct dose of insulin to give to diabetics based on the glucose level measurements.Inter-action with the user or other persons is usually handled by a personal device,e.g.a PDA or a smart phone which acts as a sink for data of the wireless devices.In order to realize communication between these devi-ces,techniques from Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs) and ad hoc networks could be used.However,because of the typical properties of a WBAN,current protocols designed for these networks are not always well suited to support a WBAN.The following illustrates the differences between a Wireless Sensor Network and a Wireless Body Area Network:•The devices used have limited energy resources avail-able as they have a very small form factor(often less than1cm3[10]).Furthermore,for most devices it is impossible to recharge or change the batteries althougha long lifetime of the device is wanted(up to severalyears or even decades for implanted devices).Hence, the energy resources and consequently the computa-tional power and available memory of such devices will be limited;•All devices are equally important and devices are only added when they are needed for an application(i.e.no redundant devices are available);•An extremely low transmit power per node is needed to minimize interference and to cope with health concerns[11];•The propagation of the waves takes place in or on a (very)lossy medium,the human body.As a result,the waves are attenuated considerably before they reach the receiver;•The devices are located on the human body that can be in motion.WBANs should therefore be robust against frequent changes in the network topology;•The data mostly consists of medical information.Hence,high reliability and low delay is required;•Stringent security mechanisms are required in order to ensure the strictly private and confidential character of the medical data;•Andfinally the devices are often very heteroge-neous,may have very different demands or may requiredifferent resources of the network in terms of data rates, power consumption and reliability.When referring to a WBAN where each node comprises a biosensor or a medical device with sensing unit,some researchers use the name Body Area Sensor Network (BASN)or in short Body Sensor Network(BSN)instead of WBAN[12].These networks are very similar to each other and share the same challenges and properties.In the following,we will use the term WBAN which is also the one used by the IEEE[13].In this article we present a survey of the state of the art in Wireless Body Area Networks.Our aim is to provide a better understanding of the current research issues in this emergingfield.The remainder of this paper is organized as follows.First,the patient monitoring application is dis-cussed in Sect.2.Next,the characteristics of the commu-nication and the positioning of WBANs amongst other wireless technologies is discussed in Sect.4.Section5 gives an overview of the properties of the physical layer and the issues of communicating near or in the body. Existing protocols for the MAC-layer and network layer are discussed in Sects.6and7,respectively.Section8 deals with cross-layer protocols available for WBANs.The Quality of Service(QoS)and possible security mechanisms are treated in Sects.9and10.An overview of existing projects is given in Sect.11.Finally,the open research issues are discussed in Sects.12and13concludes the paper.2Patient monitoringThe main cause of death in the world is CardioVascular Disease(CVD),representing30%of all global deaths. According to the World Health Organization,worldwide about17.5million people die of heart attacks or strokes each year;in2015,almost20million people will die from CVD.These deaths can often be prevented with proper health care[14].Worldwide,more than246million people suffer from diabetes,a number that is expected to rise to 380million by2025[15].Frequent monitoring enables proper dosing and reduces the risk of fainting and in later life blindness,loss of circulation and other complications [15].These two examples already illustrate the need for continuous monitoring and the usefulness of WBANs. Numerous other examples of diseases would benefit from continuous or prolonged monitoring,such as hypertension, asthma,Alzheimer’s disease,Parkinson’s disease,renal failure,post-operative monitoring,stress-monitoring,pre-vention of sudden infant death syndrome,etc[9,16,17]. These applications can be considered as an indicator for thesize of the market for WBANs.The number of people suffering from diabetics or CVD and the percentage of people in the population age60years and older will grow in the future.Even without any further increase in world population by2025this would mean a very large number of potential customers.WBAN technology could provide the connectivity to support the elderly in managing their daily life and medical conditions[18].A WBAN allows continuous monitoring of the physiological parameters. Whether the patient is in the hospital,at home or on the move,the patient will no longer need to stay in bed,but will be able to move around freely.Furthermore,the data obtained during a large time interval in the patient’s natural environment offers a clearer view to the doctors than data obtained during short stays at the hospital[9].An example of a medical WBAN used for patient moni-toring is shown in Fig.1.Several sensors are placed in clothes,directly on the body or under the skin of a person and measure the temperature,blood pressure,heart rate,ECG, EEG,respiration rate,SpO2-levels,etc.Next to sensing devices,the patient has actuators which act as drug delivery systems.The medicine can be delivered on predetermined moments,triggered by an external source(i.e.a doctor who analyzes the data)or immediately when a sensor notices a problem.One example is the monitoring of the glucose level in the blood of diabetics.If the sensor monitors a sudden drop of glucose,a signal can be sent to the actuator in order to start the injection of insulin.Consequently,the patient will experience fewer nuisances from his disease.Another example of an actuator is a spinal cord stimulator implanted in the body for long-term pain relief[19].A WBAN can also be used to offer assistance to the disabled.For example,a paraplegic can be equipped with sensors determining the position of the legs or with sensors attached to the nerves[20].In addition,actuators posi-tioned on the legs can stimulate the muscles.Interaction between the data from the sensors and the actuators makes it possible to restore the ability to move.Another example is aid for the visually impaired.An artificial retina,con-sisting of a matrix of micro sensors,can be implanted into the eye beneath the surface of the retina.The artificial retina translates the electrical impulses into neurological signals.The input can be obtained locally from light sen-sitive sensors or by an external camera mounted on a pair of glasses[21].Another area of application can be found in the domain of public safety where the WBAN can be used byfire-fighters,policemen or in a military environment[22].The WBAN monitors for example the level of toxics in the air and warns thefirefighters or soldiers if a life threatening level is detected.The introduction of a WBAN further enables to tune more effectively the training schedules of professional athletes.Next to purely medical applications,a WBAN can include appliances such as an MP3-player,head-mounted (computer)displays,a microphone,a camera,advanced human-computer interfaces such as a neural interface,etc [20].As such,the WBAN can also be used for gaming purposes and in virtual reality.This small overview already shows the myriad of pos-sibilities where WBANs are useful.The main characteristic of all these applications is that WBANs improve the user’s Quality of Life.3Taxonomy and requirementsThe applications described in the previous section indicate that a WBAN consists of several heterogeneous devices.In this section an overview of the different types of devices used in a WBAN will be given.Further the requirements and challenges are discussed.These include the wide var-iability of data rates,the restricted energy consumption,the need for QoS and reliability,ease-of-use by medical pro-fessionals and security and privacy issues.3.1Types of devices(Wireless)sensor node:A device that responds to and gathers data on physical stimuli,processes the data if necessary and reports this information wirelessly.It consists of several components:sensor hardware,a power unit,a processor,memory and a transmitter or transceiver[23].(Wireless)actuator node:A device that acts according to data received from the sensors or throughinteractionwith the user.The components of an actuator are similar to the sensor’s:actuator hardware(e.g.hardware for medicine administration,including a reservoir to hold the medicine),a power unit,a processor,memory and a receiver or transceiver.(Wireless)personal device(PD):A device that gathers all the information acquired by the sensors and actuators and informs the user(i.e.the patient,a nurse,a GP,etc.) via an external gateway,an actuator or a display/LEDS on the device.The components are a power unit,a (large)processor,memory and a transceiver.This device is also called a Body Control Unit(BCU)[4],body-gateway or a sink.In some implementations,a Personal Digital Assistant(PDA)or smart phone is used.Many different types of sensors and actuators are used in a WBAN.The main use of all these devices is to be found in the area of health applications.In the following,the termnodes refers to both the sensor as actuator nodes.The number of nodes in a WBAN is limited by nature of the network.It is expected that the number of nodes will be in the range of20–50[6,24].3.2Data ratesDue to the strong heterogeneity of the applications,data rates will vary strongly,ranging from simple data at a few kbit/s to video streams of several Mbit/s.Data can also be sent in bursts,which means that it is sent at higher rate during the bursts.The data rates for the different applications are given in in Table1and are calculated by means of the sampling rate,the range and the desired accuracy of the measure-ments[25,26].Overall,it can be seen that the application data rates are not high.However,if one has a WBAN with several of these devices(i.e.a dozen motion sensors,ECG, EMG,glucose monitoring,etc.)the aggregated data rate easily reaches a few Mbps,which is a higher than the raw bit rate of most existing low power radios.The reliability of the data transmission is provided in terms of the necessary bit error rate(BER)which is used as a measure for the number of lost packets.For a medical device,the reliability depends on the data rate.Low data rate devices can cope with a high BER(e.g.10-4),while devices with a higher data rate require a lower BER(e.g. 10-10).The required BER is also dependent on the criti-calness of the data.3.3EnergyEnergy consumption can be divided into three domains: sensing,(wireless)communication and data processing [23].The wireless communication is likely to be the most power consuming.The power available in the nodes is often restricted.The size of the battery used to store the needed energy is in most cases the largest contributor to the sensor device in terms of both dimensions and weight. Batteries are,as a consequence,kept small and energy consumption of the devices needs to be reduced.In some applications,a WBAN’s sensor/actuator node should operate while supporting a battery life time of months or even years without intervention.For example,a pacemaker or a glucose monitor would require a lifetime lasting more than5years.Especially for implanted devices,the lifetime is crucial.The need for replacement or recharging induces a cost and convenience penalty which is undesirable not only for implanted devices,but also for larger ones.The lifetime of a node for a given battery capacity can be enhanced by scavenging energy during the operation of the system.If the scavenged energy is larger than the average consumed energy,such systems could run eternally.How-ever,energy scavenging will only deliver small amounts of energy[5,28].A combination of lower energy consumption and energy scavenging is the optimal solution for achieving autonomous Wireless Body Area Networks.For a WBAN, energy scavenging from on-body sources such as body heat and body vibration seems very well suited.In the former,a thermo-electric generator(TEG)is used to transform the temperature difference between the environment and the human body into electrical energy[27].The latter uses for example the human gait as energy source[29].During communication the devices produce heat which is absorbed by the surrounding tissue and increases the temperature of the body.In order to limit this temperature rise and in addition to save the battery resources,the energy consumption should be restricted to a minimum. The amount of power absorbed by the tissue is expressed Table1Examples of medical WBAN applications[21,25,26,27] Application Data rate Bandwidth(Hz)Accuracy(bits) ECG(12leads)288kbps100–100012ECG(6leads)71kbps100–50012EMG320kbps0–10,00016EEG(12leads)43.2kbps0–15012 Blood saturation16bps0–18 Glucose monitoring1600bps0–5016 Temperature120bps0–18 Motion sensor35kbps0–50012 Cochlear implant100kbps––Artificial retina50-700kbps––Audio1Mbps––Voice50-100kbps––by the specific absorption rate(SAR).Since the device may be in close proximity to,or inside,a human body,the localized SAR could be quite large.The localized SAR into the body must be minimized and needs to comply with international and local SAR regulations.The regulation for transmitting near the human body is similar to the one for mobile phones,with strict transmit power requirements [11,30].3.4Quality of service and reliabilityProper QoS handling is an important part in the framework of risk management of medical applications.A crucial issue is the reliability of the transmission in order to guarantee that the monitored data is received correctly by the health care professionals.The reliability can be con-sidered either end-to-end or on a per link base.Examples of reliability include the guaranteed delivery of data(i.e. packet delivery ratio),in-order-delivery,…Moreover, messages should be delivered in reasonable time.The reliability of the network directly affects the quality of patient monitoring and in a worst case scenario it can be fatal when a life threatening event has gone undetected [31].3.5UsabilityIn most cases,a WBAN will be set up in a hospital by medical staff,not by ICT-engineers.Consequently,the network should be capable of configuring and maintaining itself automatically,i.e.self-organization an self-mainte-nance should be supported.Whenever a node is put on the body and turned on,it should be able to join the network and set up routes without any external intervention.The self-organizing aspect also includes the problem of addressing the nodes.An address can be configured at manufacturing time(e.g.the MAC-address)or at setup time by the network itself.Further,the network should be quickly reconfigurable,for adding new services.When a route fails,a back up path should be set up.The devices may be scattered over and in the whole body.The exact location of a device will depend on the application,e.g.a heart sensor obviously must be placed in the neighborhood of the heart,a temperature sensor can be placed almost anywhere.Researchers seem to disagree on the ideal body location for some sensor nodes,i.e.motion sensors,as the interpretation of the measured data is not always the same[32].The network should not be regarded as a static one.The body may be in motion(e.g.walking, running,twisting,etc.)which induces channel fading and shadowing effects.The nodes should have a small form factor consistent with wearable and implanted applications.This will make WBANs invisible and unobtrusive.3.6Security and privacyThe communication of health related information between sensors in a WBAN and over the Internet to servers is strictly private and confidential[33]and should be encrypted to protect the patient’s privacy.The medical staff collecting the data needs to be confident that the data is not tampered with and indeed originates from that patient.Further,it can not be expected that an average person or the medical staff is capable of setting up and managing authentication and authorization processes. Moreover the network should be accessible when the user is not capable of giving the password(e.g.to guarantee accessibility by paramedics in trauma situations).Security and privacy protection mechanisms use a significant part of the available energy and should therefor be energy efficient and lightweight.4Positioning WBANsThe development and research in the domain of WBANs is only at an early stage.As a consequence,the terminology is not always clearly defined.In literature,protocols devel-oped for WBANs can span from communication between the sensors on the body to communication from a body node to a data center connected to the Internet.In order to have clear understanding,we propose the following defi-nitions:intra-body communication and extra-body com-munication.An example is shown on Fig.2.The former controls the information handling on the body between the sensors or actuators and the personal device[34–37],the Fig.2Example of intra-body and extra-body communication in a WBANlatter ensures communication between the personal device and an external network[32,38–40].Doing so,the medical data from the patient at home can be consulted by a phy-sician or stored in a medical database.This segmentation is similar to the one defined in[40]where a multi-tiered telemedicine system is presented.Tier1encompasses the intra-body communication,tier2the extra-body commu-nication between the personal device and the Internet and tier3represents the extra-body communication from the Internet to the medical server.The combination of intra-body and extra-body communication can be seen as an enabler for ubiquitous health care service provisioning.An example can be found in[41]where Utility Grid Com-puting is combined with a WBAN.Doing so,the data extracted from the WBAN is sent to the grid that provides access to appropriate computational services with highbandwidth and to a large collection of distributed time-varying resources.To date,development has been mainly focused on building the system architecture and service platform for extra-body communication.Much of these implementa-tions focus on the repackaging of traditional sensors(e.g. ECG,heart rate)with existing wireless devices.They consider a very limited WBAN consisting of only a few sensors that are directly and wirelessly connected to a personal device.Further they use transceivers with a large form factor and large antennas that are not adapted for use on a body.In Fig.3,a WBAN is compared with other types of wireless networks,such as Wireless Personal(WPAN), Wireless Local(WLAN),Wireless Metropolitan(WMAN) and Wide Area Networks(WAN)[42].A WBAN is operated close to the human body and its communication range will be restricted to a few meters,with typical values around1–2m.While a WBAN is devoted to intercon-nection of one person’s wearable devices,a WPAN is a network in the environment around the person.The com-munication range can reach up to10m for high data rate applications and up to several dozens of meters for low data rate applications.A WLAN has a typical communi-cation range up to hundreds of meters.Each type of net-work has its typical enabling technology,defined by the IEEE.A WPAN uses IEEE802.15.1(Bluetooth)or IEEE 802.15.4(ZigBee),a WLAN uses IEEE802.11(WiFi)and a WMAN IEEE802.16(WiMax).The communication in a WAN can be established via satellite links.In several papers,Wireless Body Area Networks are considered as a special type of a Wireless Sensor Network or a Wireless Sensor and Actuator Network(WSAN)with its own requirements1.However,traditional sensor networks do not tackle the specific challenges associated with human body monitoring.The human body consists of a complicated internal environment that responds to and interacts with its external surroundings,but is in a way separate and self-contained.The human body environment not only has a smaller scale,but also requires a different type and fre-quency of monitoring,with different challenges than those faced by WSNs.The monitoring of medical data results in an increased demand for reliability.The ease of use of sensors placed on the body leads to a small form factor that includes the battery and antenna part,resulting in a higher need for energy efficiency.Sensor nodes can move with regard to each other,for example a sensor node placed on the wrist moves in relation to a sensor node attached to the hip.This requires mobility support.In brief,although challenges faced by WBANs are in many ways similar to WSNs,there are intrinsic differences between the two,requiring special attention.An overview of some of these differences is given in Table2.A schematic overview of the challenges in a WBAN and a comparison with WSNs and WLANs is given in Fig.4.5Physical layerThe characteristics of the physical layer are different for a WBAN compared to a regular sensor network or an ad-hoc network due to the proximity of the human body.Tests with TelosB motes(using the CC2420transceiver)showed lack of communications between nodes located on the chest and nodes located on the back of the patient[46]. This was accentuated when the transmit power was set to a minimum for energy savings reasons.Similar conclusions where drawn with a CC2420transceiver in[47]:when a person was sitting on a sofa,no communication was pos-sible between the chest and the ankle.Better results were obtained when the antenna was placed1cm abovethe Fig.3Positioning of a Wireless Body Area Network in the realm of wireless networks1In the following,we will not make a distinction between a WSAN and a WSN although they have significant differences[43].body.As the devices get smaller and more ubiquitous,a direct connection to the personal device will no longer be possible and more complex network topologies will be needed.In this section,we will discuss the characteristics of the propagation of radio waves in a WBAN and other types of communication.5.1RF communicationSeveral researchers have been investigating the path loss along and inside the human body either using narrowband radio signals or Ultra Wide Band(UWB).All of them came to the conclusion that the radio signals experience great losses.Generally in wireless networks,it is known that the transmitted power drops off with d g where d represents the distance between the sender and the receiver and g the coefficient of the path loss(aka propagation coefficient)[48].In free space,g has a value of2.Other kinds of losses include fading of signals due to multi-path propagation.The propagation can be classified according to where it takes place:inside the body or along the body.5.1.1In the bodyThe propagation of electromagnetic(EM)waves in the human body has been investigated in[49,50].The body acts as a communication channel where losses are mainly due to absorption of power in the tissue,which is dissipated as heat.As the tissue is lossy and mostly consists of water, the EM-waves are attenuated considerably before they reach the receiver.In order to determine the amount of power lost due to heat dissipation,a standard measure of how much power is absorbed in tissue is used:the specific absorption rate(SAR).It is concluded that the path loss is very high and that,compared to the free space propaga-tion,an additional30–35dB at small distances is noticed.A simplified temperature increase prediction scheme based on SAR is presented in[50].It is argued that considering energy consumption is not enough and that the tissue is sensitive to temperature increase.The influence of a patient’s body shape and position on the radiation pattern from an implanted radio transmitter has been studied in [51].It is concluded that the difference between bodyTable2Schematic overview of differences between Wireless Sensor Networks and Wireless Body Area Networks,based on[45] Challenges Wireless sensor network Wireless body area networkScale Monitored environment(m/km)Human body(cm/m)Node number Many redundant nodes for wide area coverage Fewer,limited in spaceResult accuracy Through node redundancy Through node accuracy and robustnessNode tasks Node performs a dedicated task Node performs multiple tasksNode size Small is preferred,but not important Small is essentialNetwork topology Very likely to befixed or static More variable due to body movementData rates Most often homogeneous Most often heterogeneousNode replacement Performed easily,nodes even disposable Replacement of implanted nodes difficultNode lifetime Several years/months Several years/months,smaller battery capacityPower supply Accessible and likely to be replaced moreeasily and frequentlyInaccessible and difficult to replaced in an implantable setting Power demand Likely to be large,energy supply easier Likely to be lower,energy supply more difficultEnergy scavenging source Most likely solar and wind power Most likely motion(vibration)and thermal(body heat) Biocompatibility Not a consideration in most applications A must for implants and some external sensorsSecurity level Lower Higher,to protect patient informationImpact of data loss Likely to be compensated by redundant nodes More significant,may require additional measures to ensure QoSand real-time data deliveryWireless technology Bluetooth,ZigBee,GPRS,WLAN,…Low power technologyrequired。
无源互调测试流程和方法_2
无源互调测试流程和方法罗森伯格亚太—网拓通信技术有限公司2011年5月目录1.0 无源互调简介 (1)2.0 PIM 测试仪 (1)3.0 PIM的单位 (2)4.0 PIM测试指导 (2)4.1 RF安全 (2)4.2 RF连接器的维护 (2)4.3 外部PIM信号源 (3)4.4 测试精确性 (3)4.5 测试系统搭建以及PIM测试基准的现场核查 (3)5.0 验收标准 (3)6.0 器件测试 (4)6.1 天线产品PIM测试 (4)6.2 多端口器件的PIM测试 (5)6.2.1 电缆组件（二端口） (5)6.2.2 功分器和合路器（三端口或多端口） (5)6.2.3 天线共用器和多频合路器（三端口） (6)6.2.4 塔顶放大器（TMA）的PIM测试 (6)6.2.4.1 Duplexing TMA (6)6.2.4.2 Dual-Duplexing TMA (6)6.2.5 带RRH的系统PIM测试 (7)7.0 互调仪参数设置 (8)1.0无源互调简介无源互调（PIM）是两个或更多不同频率的信号混合输入到无源器件中，由于连接点或材料的非线性，而产生的失真信号。
干扰的产生和本地下行频点相关，可以导致在多系统共享基础设施时，上行频段噪声上升。
PIM对网络质量的影响是非常严重的，特别是UMTS或LTE这种宽频系统。
PIM干扰会导致接收机灵敏度下降，掉话率增加，接入失败率提高，过早切换，降低数据传输速率，并降低系统的覆盖范围和容量。
RF路径中的任何组件都可能产生PIM干扰，包括天线，TMAs，天线共用器，双工器，避雷器，电缆和连接器。
此外，当天线系统大功率辐射时，松动的机械连接和生锈的表面，也会产生PIM干扰。
2.0PIM 测试仪PIM测试仪是将两路高功率信号输入到被测件中。
如果被测件中有非线性连接，就会产生互调信号。
测试信号将被负载吸收，或是被天线发射到自由空间。
互调信号会在各个方向进行传输。
Omega iSeries 数字面板表和单循环PID控制器说明书
M-9Temperature, Process andStrain MetersDPi32, shown smaller than actual size.DPi16, shownsmaller than actual size.DPi8, shown smaller than actual size.The OMEGA ® iSeries is a family of microprocessor-based instruments offered in three true DIN sizes with NEMA 4 (IP65) rated front bezels. All of the instruments share the same set-up and configuration menu and method of operation, a tremendous time saver for integration of a large system. The iSeries family includes extremely accurate digital panel meters “DPi” and single loop PID controllers “CNi” that are simple to configure and use, while providing tremendous versatility and a wealth of powerful features.The DPi Series covers a broad selection of transducer and transmitter inputs with 2 input models.The Universal temperature and process instrument (DPi models) handles 10 common types ofthermocouples, multiple RTDs and several process (DC) voltage and current ranges. This model alsofeatures built-in excitation, 24 Vdc @ 25 mA. With its wide choice of signal inputs, this model is an excellent choice for measuring or controlling temperature with a thermocouple, RTD, or 4 to 20 mA transmitter. The strain and process instruments (DPiS models) measure inputs from load cells, pressure transducers, and most any strain gage sensor as well as process voltage and current ranges. The DPiS has built-in 5 or 10 Vdc excitation for bridgetransducers, 5 Vdc @ 40 mA or 10 Vdc @ 60 mA (any excitation voltage between 5 and 24 Vdc is available by special order). This DPiS model supports 4- and 6-wire bridge communications, ratiometric measurements. The DPiS features fast and easy “in process” calibration/scaling of the signal inputs to any engineering units. This model also features 10-point linearization which allows the user to linearize the signal input from extremely nonlinear transducers of all kinds.Programmable Color DisplayThe DPi Series are 1⁄8, 1⁄16 and 1⁄32 DIN digital panel meter featuring the big iSeries color-changing display. The digits are twice the size of typical 1⁄8 DIN panel meters. The iSeries meters feature the only LED displays that can be programmed to change color between GREEN , AMBER , and RED .Embedded internet and serialcommunications featuring optional “embedded Internet” (specify “-EIT” option) the iSeries are the firstinstruments of their kind that connect directly to an Ethernet network and transmit data in standard TCP/IP packets, or even serve Web pages over a LAN or the Internet. The iSeries are also available with serial communications. With the “-C24” option, the user can select from the pushbutton menu between RS232, RS422, and RS485, with straightforward ASCII commands.DPi SeriesU U niversal Inputs U U ser-Friendly, Simple to Configure U H igh Quality U P owerful Features U E xtended 5-Year Warranty U F ree Software Download U T otally Programmable Color Displays U H igh Accuracy: 0.5°C (±0.9°F), 0.03% Reading U B oth RS232 and RS485 Selectable from Menu Available U B uilt-In Excitation U E mbedded Internet Connectivity Optional U R S232 and RS485 Serial Communications Optional U T emperature Stability ±0.04°C/°C RTD and±0.05°C/°C Thermocouple @ 25°C (77°F)U AC or DC Powered Units U R atiometric Mode for Strain Gages U P rogrammableDigital FilterDimensions: mm (inch)CNi16D, shown actual size. Totallyat anysetpointPatentedwith excitation. Models “-EIT” and “-C4EIT”are only offered on DPi8 and DPiS8 models.* 20 to 36 Vdc for DPi8A, DPi16A, -C4EITor -EIT.Ordering Examples:DPi8A,1⁄8 DIN meterwith isolated scalable analog retransmissionof process value. DPi8C,1⁄8 DIN temp/processmeter in compact case, DPi32, 1⁄32 DIN temp/process monitor.C n i S e r i es M o d e l sw i t h C o n tr o l a n da l a r m O ut p u t s,V i s i t O M eG aM-10iSeries ControllersAlso Available!Universal Temperature andProcess Input (DPi/CNi Models)Accuracy: ±0.5°C temp; 0.03% rdg Resolution: 1°/0.1°; 10 µV process Temperature Stability: RTD: 0.04°C/°CTC @ 25°C (77°F): 0.05°C/°C Cold Junction Compensation Process: 50 ppm/°C NMRR: 60 dB CMRR: 120 dBA/D Conversion: Dual slope Reading Rate: 3 samples/s Digital Filter: ProgrammableDisplay: 4-digit 9-segment LED 10.2 mm (0.40"); i32, i16, i16D, i8DV 21 mm (0.83"); i8 10.2 mm (0.40") and 21 mm (0.83"); i8DH RED , GREEN, and AMBER programmable colors for process variable, setpoint and temperature unitsInput Types: Thermocouple, RTD, analog voltage, analog currentThermocouple Lead Resistance: 100 Ω maxThermocouple Types (ITS 90): J, K, T, E, R, S, B, C, N, L (J DIN)RTD Input (ITS 68): 100/500/1000 Ω Pt sensor, 2-, 3- or 4-wire; 0.00385 or 0.00392 curveVoltage Input: 0 to 100 mV, 0 to 1V, 0 to 10 VdcInput Impedance: 10 M Ω for 100 mV 1 M Ω for 1 or 10 VdcCurrent Input: 0 to 20 mA (5 Ω load)Configuration: Single-ended Polarity: UnipolarStep Response: 0.7 sec for 99.9%Decimal Selection:Temperature: None, 0.1Process: None, 0.1, 0.01 or 0.001Setpoint Adjustment: -1999 to 9999 counts Span Adjustment: 0.001 to 9999 countsOffset Adjustment: -1999 to 9999Excitation (Not Included withCommunication): 24 Vdc @ 25 mA (not available for low-power option)Universal Strain and Process Input (DPiS/CNiS Models)Accuracy: 0.03% reading Resolution: 10/1µVTemperature Stability: 50 ppm/°C NMRR: 60 dB CMRR: 120 dBA/D Conversion: Dual slope Reading Rate: 3 samples/s Digital Filter: ProgrammableInput Types: Analog voltage and current Voltage Input: 0 to 100 mVdc, -100 mVdc to 1 Vdc, 0 to 10 VdcInput Impedance: 10 M Ω for 100 mV;1 M Ω for 1V or 10 Vdc Current Input: 0 to 20 mA (5 Ω load)Linearization Points: Up to 10 Configuration: Single-ended Polarity: UnipolarStep Response: 0.7 sec for 99.9%Decimal Selection: None, 0.1, 0.01 or 0.001Setpoint Adjustment: -1999 to 9999 countsSpan Adjustment: 0.001 to 9999 counts Offset Adjustment: -1999 to 9999Excitation (Optional In Place Of Communication): 5 Vdc @ 40 mA;10 Vdc @ 60 mAControlAction: Reverse (heat) or direct (cool)Modes: Time and amplitude proportional control; selectable manual or auto PID, proportional, proportional with integral, proportional with derivative and anti-reset Windup, and on/off Rate: 0 to 399.9 s Reset: 0 to 3999 sCycle Time: 1 to 199 s; set to 0 for on/off Gain: 0.5 to 100% of span; setpoints 1 or 2Damping: 0000 to 0008Soak: 00.00 to 99.59 (HH:MM), or OFF Ramp to Setpoint:00.00 to 99.59 (HH:MM), or OFFAuto Tune: Operator initiated from front panelControl Output 1 and 2Relay: 250 Vac or 30 Vdc @ 3 A (resistive load); configurable for on/off, PID and ramp and soakOutput 1: SPDT, can be configured asalarm 1 outputOutput 2: SPDT, can be configured asalarm 2 outputSSR: ******************.5A (resistive load); continuous DC Pulse: Non-isolated; 10 Vdc @ 20 mA Analog Output (Output 1 Only):Non-isolated, proportional 0 to 10 Vdc or 0 to 20 mA; 500 Ω maxOutput 3 RetransmissionIsolated Analog Voltage and CurrentCurrent: 10 V max @ 20 mA outputVoltage: 20 mA max for 0 to 10 V outputNetwork and Communications Ethernet: Standards compliance IEEE 802.3 10 Base-T Supported Protocols: TCP/IP, ARP, HTTPGET RS232/RS422/RS485: Selectable frommenu; both ASCII and MODBUS protocol selectable from menu; programmable 300 to 19.2 Kb; complete programmable setup capability; program to transmit current display, alarm status, min/max,actual measured input value and statusCommon Specifications (Alli/8, i/16, i/32 DIN)RS485: Addressable from 0 to 199Connection: Screw terminalsAlarm 1 and 2 (Programmable)Type: Same as output 1 and 2Operation: High/low, above/below, band, latch/unlatch, normally open/normally closed and process/deviation; front panel configurationsAnalog Output (Programmable):Non-isolated, retransmission 0 to 10 Vdc or 0 to 20 mA, 500 Ω max (output 1 only); accuracy is ± 1% of FS when following conditions are satisfied: input is not scaled below 1% of input FS, analog output is not scaled below 3% of output FSGeneralPower: 90 to 240 Vac ±10%, 50 to 400 Hz *, 110 to 300 Vdc, equivalent voltage Low Voltage Power Option: 24 Vac **, 12 to 36 Vdc for DPi/CNi/DPiS/CNiS; 20 to 36 Vdc for dual display, ethernet and isolated analog output from qualified safety approved sourceIsolationPower to Input/Output: 2300 Vac per 1 minute testFor Low Voltage Power Option: 1500 Vac per 1 minute test Power to Relay/SSR Output: 2300 Vac per 1 minute testRelay/SSR to Relay/SSR Output: 2300 Vac per 1 minute test RS232/485 to Input/Output: 500 Vac per 1 minute test Environmental Conditions:All Models: 0 to 55°C (32 to 131°F)90% RH non-condensing Dual Display Models:0 to 50°C (32 to 122°F), 90% RHnon-condensing (for UL only) Protection: D Pi/CNi/DPiS/CNiS32, i16, i16D, i8C: NEMA 4X/Type 4 (IP65) front bezel DPi/CNi8, CNi8DH, i8DV: NEMA 1/Type 1 front bezelApprovals: UL, C-UL, CE per 2014/35/EU, FM (temperature units only)Dimensionsi /8 Series: 48 H x 96 W x 127 mm D(1.89 x 3.78 x 5") i/16 Series: 48 H x 48 W x 127 mm D (1.89 x 1.89 x 5")i/32 Series: 25.4 H x 48 W x 127 mm D(1.0 x 1.89 x 5")Panel Cutouti /8 Series: 45 H x 92 mm W(1.772 x 3.622"), 1⁄8 DIN i/16 Series: 45 mm (1.772") square,1⁄16 DINi/32 Series: 22.5 H x 45 mm W(0.886 x 1.772"), 1⁄32 DIN Weight i /8 Series: 295 g (0.65 lb) i/16 Series: 159 g (0.35 lb) i/32 Series: 127 g (0.28 lb)M-11* No CE compliance above 60 Hz. ** Units can be powered safely with 24 Vacpower, but no certification for CE/UL are claimed.。
罗克韦尔自动化 Trusted 演示单元 PD_T8141 说明书
PD_T8141 Trusted Trusted Demonstration UnitProduct OverviewThe Trusted® Demonstration Unit T8141 provides a portable Simulation System utilising the Trusted Chassis, Triple Modular Redundant (TMR) Processor and Modules available from the standard product range together with a purpose built panel for the supply of field simulation input and output signals.The unit offers the ability to run any Trusted software configuration and simulate a selection of I/O types configured for Companion Slot. The unit is suitable for sales demonstrations, product familiarisation for engineers, training courses and to simulate IEC 61131 Trusted Toolset programs including development of application programs.For shipping worldwide to customer locations, the unit is fitted within a wheeled flight case allowing easy transit and set up on arrival. It does not require assembly other than fitting the power lead and TC-304-01 Comms link to a suitable PC installed with the Trusted Toolset T8082.Once powered and connected to the PC either a demo program is loaded to utilise the field simulation I/O or the unit can be used as a tool to run a “real” application.Typical configuration for training and demonstration purposes is a TMR Processor, Communications Interface Module, Digital Input and Output Modules, Analogue Input Modules, with at least two of a similar type to demonstrate “Hot Swap” capability.Companion Slot hoods may be removed from the chassis to allow connection of any cable or Interface Adapter type and associated modules.Features:•Full Trusted Controller Capability.•100-240 Vac Input.•Portable wheeled flight case.•Simulation of 60 Field Signals.•Pre-wired Dual Ethernet (point to point and hub).•Serial Comms wired to terminals.•Configured for Companion Slot DI, AI and DO Modules.Trusted PD_T8141 •Fully Compliant with all Trusted Software Packages.•Field Faults Simulated.Trusted Demonstration Unit PREFACE PREFACEIn no event will Rockwell Automation be responsible or liable for indirect or consequential damages resulting from the use or application of this equipment. The examples given in this manual are included solely for illustrative purposes. Because of the many variables and requirements related to any particular installation, Rockwell Automation does not assume responsibility or reliability for actual use based on the examples and diagrams.No patent liability is assumed by Rockwell Automation, with respect to use of information, circuits, equipment, or software described in this manual.All trademarks are acknowledged.DISCLAIMERIt is not intended that the information in this publication covers every possible detail about the construction, operation, or maintenance of a control system installation. You should also refer to your own local (or supplied) system safety manual, installation and operator/maintenance manuals. REVISION AND UPDATING POLICYThis document is based on information available at the time of its publication. The document contents are subject to change from time to time. The latest versions of the manuals are available at the Rockwell Automation Literature Library under "Product Information" information "Critical Process Control & Safety Systems".TRUSTED RELEASEThis technical manual applies to Trusted Release: 3.6.1.LATEST PRODUCT INFORMATIONFor the latest information about this product review the Product Notifications and Technical Notes issued by technical support. Product Notifications and product support are available at the Rockwell Automation Support Centre atAt the Search Knowledgebase tab select the option "By Product" then scroll down and select the Trusted product.Some of the Answer ID’s in the Knowledge Base require a TechConnect Support Contract. For more information about TechConnect Support Contract Access Level and Features please click on the following link:https:///app/answers/detail/a_id/50871This will get you to the login page where you must enter your login details.IMPORTANT A login is required to access the link. If you do not have an account then you can create one using the "Sign Up" link at the top right of the web page.PREFACE Trusted Demonstration Unit DOCUMENTATION FEEDBACKYour comments help us to write better user documentation. If you discover an error, or have a suggestion on how to make this publication better, send your comment to our technical support group at Trusted Demonstration Unit PREFACESCOPEThis manual specifies the maintenance requirements and describes the procedures to assist troubleshooting and maintenance of a Trusted system. WHO SHOULD USE THIS MANUALThis manual is for plant maintenance personnel who are experienced in the operation and maintenance of electronic equipment and are trained to work with safety systems. SYMBOLSIn this manual we will use these notices to tell you about safety considerations.SHOCK HAZARD: Identifies an electrical shock hazard. If a warning label is fitted, it can be on or inside the equipment.WARNING: Identifies information about practices or circumstances that can cause an explosion in a hazardous environment, which can cause injury or death, property damage or economic loss.ATTENTION: Identifies information about practices or circumstances that can cause injury or death.CAUTION: Identifies information about practices or circumstances that can cause property damage or economic loss.BURN HAZARD: Identifies where a surface can reach dangerous temperatures. If a warning label is fitted, it can be on or inside the equipment.This symbol identifies items which must be thought about and put in place when designing and assembling a Trusted controller for use in a Safety Instrumented Function (SIF). It appears extensively in the Trusted Safety Manual.IMPORTANT Identifies information that is critical for successful application and understanding of the product.NOTE Provides key information about the product or service.TIP Tips give helpful information about using or setting up the equipment.PREFACE Trusted Demonstration UnitWARNINGS AND CAUTIONSWARNING: EXPLOSION RISKDo not connect or disconnect equipment while the circuit is live or unless the area is known to be free of ignitable concentrations or equivalentAVERTISSEMENT - RISQUE D’EXPLOSIONNe pas connecter ou déconnecter l’équipement alors qu’il est sous tension, sauf si l’environnement est exempt de concentrations inflammables ou équivalenteMAINTENANCEMaintenance must be carried out only by qualified personnel. Failure to follow these instructions may result in personal injury.CAUTION: RADIO FREQUENCY INTERFERENCEMost electronic equipment is influenced by Radio Frequency Interference. Caution should be exercised with regard to the use of portable communications equipment around such equipment. Signs should be posted in the vicinity of the equipment cautioning against the use of portable communications equipment.CAUTION:The module PCBs contains static sensitive components. Static handling precautions must be observed. DO NOT touch exposed connector pins or attempt to dismantle a module.Trusted Demonstration Unit PREFACE ISSUE RECORDIssue Date Comments1 Feb 06 Initial Issue2 Sep 15 Rebranded and reformatted3 Apr 16 Standardisation of Relative Humidity Range and Operating TemperatureStatements in the specification section, also correction of typographicalerrors.PREFACE Trusted Demonstration UnitPage intentionally left blankTrusted Demonstration Unit Table of Contents Table of Contents1.Description (3)1.1. Communications Ports (5)2.Installation (7)3.Operation (9)munications Connections (11)4.1. Ethernet Ports (11)4.1.1. Ethernet Port 0 (12)4.1.2. Ethernet Port 1 (12)4.2. Serial Ports (13)5.Specifications (15)Table of Contents Trusted Demonstration UnitPage intentionally left blankTrusted Demonstration Unit 1. Description 1.DescriptionFigure 1 Photo of Demonstration Unit1. Description Trusted Demonstration UnitFigure 2 Front Panel with Pre-Configured Slot LocationsThis simulation panel is designed to assist with demonstrating simple systems for sales or training. It is possible to fit any I/O module into the eight I/O slots as required, if the field cable connectors are moved or removed.The Trusted Demonstration Unit is equipped with the following simulation devices: •20 switches for driving Digital Inputs (connected to slots 1 and 2 by default).•20 lamps for displaying Digital Outputs (connected to slots 5 and 6 by default).• 2 switches for simulating short circuits on output channels 19 and 20.•20 potentiometer knobs for driving Analogue Inputs (connected to slots 3 and 4 by default).The processor slots and the three wired simulation slots are designed to allow module hot swaps, using double width hoods for the field connections. A single slot field cable is provided for the Communications Module, which is wired to terminals in the rear of the panel. This provides two Ethernet ports on RJ45 connectors (one has a crossover for direct PC connection), two RS232 ports on terminals and two RS422/RS485 full duplex ports on terminals.Trusted Demonstration Unit 1. DescriptionNote: A Maintenance Communications Cable TC-304-01 is provided, but that Trusted Modules are not provided with the Demonstration Unit.Figure 3 Rear View - Internal Layoutmunications PortsThe following ports on the Communications Module are connected at the rear of the unit: •Ethernet port 0 via RJ45 (wired for connection to a Hub)•Ethernet port 1 via RJ45 (wired for connection directly to a PC)•Serial port 1 via terminals (RS232)•Serial port 2 via terminals (RS232)•Serial port 3 via terminals (RS422/485 full duplex)•Serial port 4 via terminals (RS422/485 full duplex)1. Description Trusted Demonstration UnitPage intentionally left blankTrusted Demonstration Unit 2. Installation 2.InstallationThe Demonstration Unit is provided with a British three-pin mains lead to fit the IEEE mains socket on the rear of the chassis. This must be replaced as appropriate for the local mains connections. A 13 A mains lead is recommended, because the mains input circuit breaker is rated at 10 A. The unit will require much less power in operation.The module field connectors are connected to the chassis in the slots shown in Figure 2. To remove these connectors, first remove the modules. Press the button on the bottom of the connector and slide it downwards. To fit a connector, again remove the modules. Insert a connector into a slot slightly below its final position, and slide it up until it clicks.To use the Ethernet ports, connect an Ethernet patch lead to the rear port and to the PC or hub. Note that port 0 is wired for connection via a hub and port 1 is wired for direct connection to a PC.The operation and configuration of the modules is described in Product DescriptionsPD-T8082, PD-T8110B, PD-T8151B and the appropriate I/O module PD. The basic steps are as follows:1.Insert a Processor T8110B into the left slot.2.Insert the I/O modules as required.3.Insert a T8151B Communications Module if required.4.Power up the Unit.5.Prepare a System.INI configuration file specifying the selected modules. This shouldinclude Ethernet IP addresses for the Communications Module if these are required.6.Download the System.INI configuration file to the Processor using the TC-304-01maintenance lead.7.Design a project in the Toolset, specifying the selected modules and application.pile the project with the Motorola compiler option.9.Download the application to the Unit. This may be performed using the TC-304-01maintenance lead or via the Ethernet port configured in step 5 above.10.Turn the Unit off and on to load the System.INI file to the I/O modules.2. Installation Trusted Demonstration UnitPage intentionally left blankTrusted Demonstration Unit 3. Operation3. OperationThe Digital Input switches operate inputs 1 to 20 as marked. Pushing the switch downconnects the input to 24 V (logic 1) and pushing the switch up will allow the input to return to 0 V (logic 0).The Digital Output lamps indicate channels 1 to 20 as marked. They are designed for 24 V operation and are each fitted with 390 Ω 2.5 W resistors in parallel to increase the load above the line monitor open-circuit threshold. For lamps 19 and 20, Field Fault switches 1 and 2 respectively will connect a short-circuit across the lamp if pressed down, for demonstration of line fault conditions.The Analogue Input potentiometer knobs control channels 1 to 20 as marked. They are connected to provide a potential divider to the analogue input. Each has a 27 k Ω 0.25 W resistor connected from the 24 V supply, in series with the 10 k Ω track of thepotentiometer, to zero volts. The analogue input voltage may be adjusted between the zero volt rail and approximately 6.5 volts, to simulate the full range of 0-22 mA inputs with over-range excess.Figure 4 Analogue Input ConnectionTwo terminals (11 and 12) at the bottom of the 24 Vdc fuse distribution block provide a 1 A 24 Vdc auxiliary power supply, for supplying interface equipment or other low current devices. Terminal 11 is 24 Vdc and terminal 12 is 0 Vdc.24 V27 k 10 k Ω Input3. Operation Trusted Demonstration UnitPage intentionally left blankTrusted Demonstration Unit 4. Communications Connections munications Connections4.1.Ethernet PortsFigure 5 Ethernet Connections 0 (HUB) and 1 (PC)Figure 6 RJ45 Connections4. Communications Connections Trusted Demonstration Unit4.1.1.Ethernet Port 0This port is wired for connection via a hub.RJ45 Pin Function1 TD+2 TD-3 RD+6 RD-Table 1 Ethernet Port 0 (HUB)4.1.2.Ethernet Port 1This port is wired for direct connection to a PC.RJ45 Pin Function1 RD+2 RD-3 TD+6 TD-Table 2 Ethernet Port 1 (PC)Trusted Demonstration Unit 4. Communications Connections 4.2.Serial PortsPort FunctionCOMMS TerminalBlock Pin1 1 (RS232) Tx2 Rx3 GND4 2 (RS232) Tx5 Rx6 GND7 3 (RS422/485) Rx/TxB8 Rx/TxA9 TxB10 TxA11 GND12 4 (RS422/485) Rx/TxB13 Rx/TxA14 TxB15 TxA16 GNDTable 3 Serial Port Terminations4. Communications Connections Trusted Demonstration UnitPage intentionally left blankTrusted Demonstration Unit 5. Specifications 5.SpecificationsSupply Range 100 V to 240 VacCurrent ProtectionIncoming Circuit Breaker 10 A double pole24 V Distribution Circuit Breaker 16 A single poleChassis Supply Fuses (F1,F2) 16 A 380 V (Weidmuller SAKS4)Fan Tray (F3), DI (F4),AI (F5) Fuses 1 A 70 V (WSI6 25 mm)DO (F6) Fuse 2 A 70 V (WSI6 25 mm)Auxiliary Supply (F10) Fuse 1 A 70 V (WSI6 25 mm)Operating Temperature 0 °C to +60 °C (+32 °F to +140 °F)Non-operating Temperature -25 °C to +70 °C (-13 °F to +158 °F)Relative Humidity range(operating, storage & transport) 10 % – 95 %, non-condensingEnvironmental Specifications Refer to Document 552517Dimensions (without flight case)Height 534 mm (21 in)Width 430 mm (16.9 in)Depth 500 mm (19.7 in)Weight (with flight case, typical modules) 65 kg (140 lb) nominal。
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM AND COMMUNICATION METHOD FOR
专利名称：COMMUNICATION SYSTEM ANDCOMMUNICATION METHOD FORPROVIDING IP NETWORK ACCESS TOWIRELESS TERMINALS发明人：TAMAGAWA, Ken申请号：EP16807579.4申请日：20160609公开号：EP3310008A1公开日：20180418专利内容由知识产权出版社提供专利附图：摘要：This communication system and communication method, which provide IPnetwork access to wireless terminals, allow an increase in the number of devices that can be connected simultaneously. Each server within a first server group 211 has: a receiving unit that receives data from a wireless terminal; a selection unit that selects one destination address from a plurality thereof on the basis of the header of the received data; and a forwarding unit that forwards the received data to the destination address selected by the selection unit. The selection can be made by rewriting the IP address indicated by the IP header within the header. A gateway 210 may be divided into a first server group 211 and a second server group 212, the second server group 212 being the portion that performs additional data processing and the like. Even without adding the additional data processing, it is possible to increase the number of units that can be connected simultaneously within the limits of the number of gateway units by limiting the data processing performed within the first server group 211.申请人：Soracom, Inc.地址：Ojima Building 3F 5-6 Tamagawa 4-chome Setagaya-ku Tokyo 158-0094 JP国籍：JP代理机构：Pinney, Matthew David更多信息请下载全文后查看。
METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HANDLING A DRX TIMER FOR
专利名称：METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HANDLINGA DRX TIMER FOR BUNDLE OF ACONFIGURED UPLINK GRANT IN A WIRELESSCOMMUNICATION SYSTEM发明人：HUANG, Yi-Hsuan,TSENG, Li-Chih,OU, Meng-Hui申请号：EP21183871.9申请日：20210706公开号：EP3940979A1公开日：20220119专利内容由知识产权出版社提供专利附图：摘要：A method and apparatus are disclosed. In an example from the perspective of a User Equipment, UE, configured with bundled transmission, the UE initializes a configured uplink grant (1605). The UE performs a plurality of transmissions within a bundle of a Medium Access Control Protocol Data Unit, MAC PDU, using the configured uplink grant (1610). The UE stops a Discontinuous Reception, DRX, timer in response to a first transmission of the plurality of transmissions, wherein the DRX timer is not stopped in response to one or more second transmissions of the plurality of transmissions (1615). When the DRX timer is running, the UE monitors a downlink control channel for an uplink grant for retransmission (1620).申请人：ASUSTek Computer Inc.地址：No. 15, Lite Road Peitou, Taipei-City 112 TW国籍：TW代理机构：Hoefer & Partner Patentanwälte mbB更多信息请下载全文后查看。
乳酸菌启动子探针载体的构建及其功能验证
乳酸菌启动子探针载体的构建及其功能验证张维;姚璐;张世湘;罗云波;郝彦玲【期刊名称】《中国乳品工业》【年(卷),期】2010(038)011【摘要】以β-葡萄糖醛酸酶基因gusA作为报告基因,在乳酸菌表达载体pMG36e基础上,利用平滑化技术删除表达栽体自带启动子P32,构建了乳酸菌启动子探针载体pMGPP.将已知的嗜酸乳杆茵S-layer蛋白基因启动子slpA插入到pMGPP无启动子的gusA基因上游验证其功能,GUS染色结果表明:pMGPP在大肠杆茵KW1和植物乳杆菌WQ0815中皆具有启动子探针载体的功能.因此,具有自主知识产权的启动子探针载体pMGPP的构建不仅为筛选乳酸菌启动子提供了有效的工具,同时为高效乳酸菌表达载体的构建奠定基础.【总页数】4页(P4-6,29)【作者】张维;姚璐;张世湘;罗云波;郝彦玲【作者单位】中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,北京,100083;中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,北京,100083;中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,北京,100083;中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,北京,100083;中国农业大学食品科学与营养工程学院,北京,100083【正文语种】中文【中图分类】Q939.11+7【相关文献】1.构建Alb启动子调控HBEGF肝特异性表达的慢病毒载体及其功能验证 [J], 贾俊双;陈傍柱;林霞;刘宇;肖东;林晓琳2.用海洋蓝细菌启动子构建的启动子探针载体进行外源基因表达 [J], 李思经3.乳酸菌启动子——信号肽探测载体pZLB的构建及应用 [J], 陈秀珠;刘宗旨;还连栋4.启动子探针载体的构建及橡胶树白粉菌启动子筛选鉴定 [J], 徐良向;刘耀;廖小淼;王义;M.J.N.Rajaofera;何其光;刘文波;林春花;缪卫国5.启动子探针型穿梭载体pEQ3的构建及BCG启动子片段的分离 [J], 邱薇;徐恒;刘世贵因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
针对特定辐射源识别的高精度符号同步方法
针对特定辐射源识别的高精度符号同步方法潘一苇;彭华;李天昀;王文雅【摘要】对于特定辐射源识别的预处理环节,现有符号同步方法存在时延估计方式不妥和插值计算精度不足的问题.针对该问题,提出一种高精度的符号同步方法.对于时延估计,采用2步估计的方式,先由前向算法得到粗估计值,再利用解调得到的发送符号通过局部搜索得到精确值.对于插值计算,利用窗化法对插值滤波器进行优化设计,改善了滤波器的抗混叠特性,提高了计算精度.仿真实验表明,与常规符号同步算法相比,该算法能有效解决以上问题,且能在辐射源识别中取得更优的识别效果.【期刊名称】《通信学报》【年(卷),期】2018(039)008【总页数】7页(P106-112)【关键词】特定辐射源识别;高精度;符号同步;时延估计;插值滤波器【作者】潘一苇;彭华;李天昀;王文雅【作者单位】信息工程大学信息系统工程学院,河南郑州 450001;信息工程大学信息系统工程学院,河南郑州 450001;信息工程大学信息系统工程学院,河南郑州450001;信息工程大学信息系统工程学院,河南郑州 450001【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TN911.7特定辐射源识别（SEI, specific emitter identification），即通过提取射频信号上能够体现辐射源个体差异的细微特征，实现对目标个体的识别。
由于射频指纹（RFF, radio frequency fingerprinting）特征不依赖通信内容，且难以伪造，因而在无线网络安全和通信侦察对抗等民用和军事领域均具有重要的应用价值。
SEI的本质是模式识别的问题：接收信号经过预处理后，先提取细微特征，再根据先验信息完成分类识别，其中，特征提取是问题的核心。
现阶段，利用积分双谱[1]、分形理论[2]和时频分析[3-4]等方法直接对接收信号进行特征提取，所提特征容易受到调制信息的影响。
为了克服该影响，Brik等[5]提出无源辐射装置识别系统（PARADIS, passive radiometric device identification system），从解调所得的星座点上提取6种调制域特征，对138个无线设备的识别率超过了80%；文献[6]将机器学习引入星座误差的特征提取，改善了识别效果；文献[7]推导并分析了I/Q不平衡失真条件下的基带信号模型，利用几何分析的方法提取RFF特征；黄渊凌等[8]建立了描述发射机相位噪声特性的自回归滑动平均（ARMA, auto-regressive and moving average）模型，通过估计ARMA参数构建特征，从而完成了个体识别。
非相干散射雷达探测回波信号快速提取仿真
非相干散射雷达探测回波信号快速提取仿真姚明;管炜;左铭【期刊名称】《计算机仿真》【年(卷),期】2017(034)010【摘要】非相干散射雷达可以对多种电离层等离子体重要参数进行测量,但回波信号极其微弱,为了提取到有效的电离层参数,现代非相干散射雷达采用了复杂的编码方案,导致雷达回波信号分析提取变得非常困难.针对这一问题,提出了采用雷达模糊函数理论来改善雷达编码信号的分析.交替码是现代非相干散射雷达常用的一种编码方式.结合非相干散射信号探测基本原理及模糊函数理论,对交替码的模糊函数进行了仿真研究.分析了码形在编码方式,距离分辨率及信息含量方面的优缺点,并对交替码的波形处理进行了研究.仿真结果表明,交替码编码方式复杂,信息含量大并具有较高的距离分辨率,抗噪性强,适用于变化较快的电离层偶发E层.%Incoherent scatter radar can measure a variety of ionospheric plasma parameters,but the radar echo signal is very weak.To solve this problem,the theory of radar ambiguity function is put forward to improve analyze of these complex signal coding.Alternating code is one of the most commonly used coding methods of modern incoherent scatter radar.According to the basic theory of incoherent scatter radar ambiguity function,the simulation of ambiguity function of the alternating code was carried out.The advantages and disadvantages of the code about encoding mode,distance resolution and signal content were analyzed.In addition,the simulation of alternating code waveform processing was conducted.Simulation results show that thealternating coding method is complex,with high information content,high range resolution,and strong anti-noise,which can apply to ionosphere sporadic E layer.【总页数】6页(P17-21,68)【作者】姚明;管炜;左铭【作者单位】南昌大学信息工程学院,江西南昌330031;南昌大学信息工程学院,江西南昌330031;南昌大学空间科学与技术研究院,江西南昌330031【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TN955【相关文献】1.非相干散射雷达电离层参数提取简化算法的仿真 [J], 王凯丽;姚明;邓晓华2.基于各向异性分布的非相干散射雷达谱仿真 [J], 徐彬;王占阁;许正文;吴健;薛昆3.电离层非相干散射雷达探测技术应用展望 [J], 丁宗华;吴健;许正文;代连东;鱼浪4.非相干散射雷达探测空间碎片实验研究 [J], 金旺;吴健;吴振森;刘拥军;孙明国;徐彬;李辉;周亮5.关于非相干散射雷达对电离层参数测量仿真 [J], 鲁自清;姚明;邓晓华因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
一种高码速率微波锁相调频遥测发射机
一种高码速率微波锁相调频遥测发射机
周邦华
【期刊名称】《电讯技术》
【年(卷),期】2002(042)006
【摘要】适应2 Mbit/s PCM信号的微波锁相调频遥测发射机是21世纪再入遥测系统中的重要设备.文中介绍了该调频遥测发射机研制中使用的关键技术:准两点注入式调频技术,以及相关电路设计和实验结果.理论分析和实践表明,准两点注入式微波锁相调频遥测发射机具有平坦的宽带调制特性,能满足高码速率再入遥测发射设备的实际要求.
【总页数】4页(P36-39)
【作者】周邦华
【作者单位】中国工程物理研究院电子工程研究所,四川,绵阳,621900
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】TN832
【相关文献】
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2.遥测发射机中的微波锁相调频技术研究 [J], 周邦华
3.一种高码速率的微波锁相调频源 [J], 周邦华
4.一种高码速率微波锁相调频源 [J], 周邦华
5.高码速率遥测发射机大频偏自动化测试 [J], 罗碧先;罗健
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PROMAG MSR Communication Protocol P081128
The checksum is an 8-bit sum of all characters between the STX and CR, represented as a 2-character HEX string. For an example packet below, the checksum is calculated as follows. The data part of the packet is “A1XYZ”. The sum of these character codes is: 41H+31H+58H+59H+5AH=17DH. Eight least significant bits contain 7DH. The string representation of this value is “7D” (i.e. 2 ASCII characters- ‘7’ and ‘D’).
STX A 1 X Y Z 7 D CR
02H 41H 31H 58H 59H 5AH 37H44H0DH
Packet portion the checksum is
Checksum
calculated on
REGISTER TABLE
REGISTER PARAM Default Remark
Baudrate [ 00 H]00~03: 19200 bps
04: 2400 bps
05: 4800 bps
06: 9600 bps
07:14400 bps
08: 19200 bps
09 : 28800 bps
0A : 38400 bps
0B : 57600 bps
09~FF: 19200 bps
FF : 19200 bps
Data bits [ 03 H]00~04: 8 data bits
05: 5 data bits
06: 6 data bits
07: 7 data bits
08: 8 data bits
09: 9 data bits
0A~FF: 8 data bits
FF: 8 data bits
Stop bits [ 04 H]00: 1 stop bits
01: 1 stop bits
02: 2 stop bits
03~FF: 1 stop bits
FF: 1 stop bits
Parity [ 05 H]00: None
01: Odd
02: Even
03: Space
04: Mark
05~FF: None
FF: None
00: Disable
01: Required
02: Enable
03~FF: Enable
TK1 ( FF : Enable )
TK2 ( FF : Enable )
TK3 ( FF : Enable )
Decode Mode
TK1 [ 30 H] TK2 [ 31 H] TK3 [ 32 H]
Mark Code TK1 [ 36 H] TK2 [ 37 H] TK3 [ 38 H]00~FE : ASCII Table
FF: Empty
TK1 ( FF : Empty )
TK2 ( FF : Empty )
TK3 ( FF : Empty )
Track ES0 TKx [ 39 H]00~FE : ASCII Table
FF: Empty
ES0 ( FF : Empty )
Track ES1 TKx [ 3A H]00~FE : ASCII Table
FF: Empty
ES1 ( FF : Empty )
REGISTER PARAM Default Remark
SS
7-bit @TK1 [ 50 H]
7-bit @TK2 [ 52 H]
7-bit @TK3 [ 54 H] ABA @TK1 [ 56 H] ABA @TK2 [ 58 H] ABA @TK3 [ 5A H] JIS2 [ 5C H]
AAMVA@TK3 [ 5E H] IBM [ 78 H]00~FE : ASCII Table
FF: Empty
7-bit @TK1 ( 25 : ”%” )
7-bit @TK2 ( 40 : ”$” )
7-bit @TK3 ( 26 : ”&” )
ABA @TK1 ( 3B : ”;” )
ABA @TK2 ( 3B : ”;” )
ABA @TK3 ( 2B : ”+” )
JIS2 ( 2A : ”*” )
AAMVA @TK3 ( 23 : ”#” )
IBM ( 3B : ”;” )
The Simple and
Standard version not
support 7-bit@
TK2,TK3,ABA@TK1,A
AMVA and IBM SS.
ES
7-bit @TK1 [ 51 H]
7-bit @TK2 [ 53 H]
7-bit @TK3 [ 55 H] ABA @TK1 [ 57 H] ABA @TK2 [ 59 H] ABA @TK3 [ 5B H] JIS2 [ 5D H]
AAMVA@TK3 [ 5F H] IBM [ 79 H]00~FE : ASCII Table
FF: Empty
7-bit @TK1 ( 3F : ”?” )
7-bit @TK2 ( 3F : ”?” )
7-bit @TK3 ( 3F : ”?” )
ABA @TK1 ( 3F : ”?” )
ABA @TK2 ( 3F : ”?” )
ABA @TK3 ( 3F : ”?” )
JIS2 ( 3F : ”?” )
AAMVA @TK3 ( 3F : ”?” )
IBM ( 3C : ”<” )
The Simple and
Standard version not
support 7-bit@
TK2,TK3,ABA@TK1,A
AMVA and IBM ES.
Package FS
[ 60 H]00~FE : ASCII Table
FF: Empty
FF : Empty 00~FE : ASCII Table FF : Empty
Package
FF: Empty
FE0
[ 61 H]
00~FE : ASCII Table FF : Empty Package
FF: Empty
FE1
[ 62 H]
00 : TK1-TK2-TK3 FF : TK1-TK2-TK3 Track
01 : TK1-TK3-TK2
Output
02 : TK2-TK1-TK3
Order
[ 69 H]03 : TK2-TK3-TK1
04 : TK3-TK1-TK2
05 : TK3-TK2-TK1
06~FF : TK1-TK2-TK3
00~FE : ASCII Table FF : Empty
Prefix
FF: Empty ( First Character ) or
Package [ 80~87H]
End ( Other )
TK1 [ 90~97 H]
TK2 [ A0~A7 H]
TK3 [ B0~B7 H]
Suffix
Package [ 88~8F H]
TK1 [ 98~9F H]
TK2 [ A8~AF H]
TK3 [ B8~BF H]。