高考英语语法专题复习讲义-虚拟语气
高考英语语法专题虚拟语气详解
高考英语一轮总复习精选语法专题虚拟语气①If it were Sunday today, I ________ go to school.1.shan’t B.would notC.can’tD.won’t①If he ________ here, he would agree with you.A.wasB.isC.wereD.will be①关于“主将从现”的问题：“在时间、条件状语从句中，如果主句中是一般将来时，从句中则用一般现在时。
”从句主句一般现在时---------------------------一般将来时一般过去时---------------------------过去将来时现在完成时---------------------------将来完成时ΔIf you ______, I _______ you up at the station.1.will come; will pick B.came; will pickC.will come; picke; pick助动词------will do（一般将来时）will情态动词“意愿”----will do“愿意做....”①关于“倒装”的问题：“从句中省略if，要使用半倒装的结构，即把should / had / were提到从句的主语之前。
”If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你的话，我立刻就离开。
→Were I you, I would go at once.If he had hurried, he could have caught the early bus.如果他快点的话，他就能赶上早班车的。
→Had he hurried, he could have caught the early bus.①关于“主、从句中的谓语动词所表示的动作发生的时间不一致”的问题：If you had followed my advice, you would be better now.如果你听从我的建议的话，你现在就会痊愈了。
高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解10---虚拟语气(解析版)
引导的让步和方式状语从 as if/though
He looks as if he were an artist.
句
He talked about the accident as if he had seen it.
in order that, so that, in case, for fear that
提前，即 故填 were/should/had
Were/Should/Had I..., Were
4. have fallen 解析：句意：要是没有政府和科学家的合作，与艾滋病相关的死亡人数就不会从 2005 年的 最高值降下来。从句“Had...not worked together”是对过去情况的假设，所以主句谓语要用 wouldn't have done.
necessary, natural, strange, important,
等 用 于 句 型 surprising, vital
“It
中， 引导的主语从 is+adj.+that...” that
句中谓语动词常用“（should)do”形式
It is necessary that he(should)sort out the information for my reference.
高考英语复习语法知识专题讲解 专题十 虚拟语气
一．虚拟语气在 if 非真实条件句中的应用
虚拟条件从句(if)
主句
与现在事实相反的 主语+did/were
假设
与过去事实相反的 主语+had done
假设
与将来事实相反的 主语+ 1.did/were
假设
2.should do
高中英语高考高考英语语法总复习课件：虚拟语气 (共82张PPT)
【例11】 When a pencil is parted in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____(break)_. 【例12】 Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ______ (happen)yesterday.
主句 would/should/could/might
If he didn’t come tomorrow, we would put off the meeting.
主过将从过， 主过将完从过完 would do/did would have done/had done
【例1】 If we ______ (take)the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
【例13】 Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I ______ (follow)your advice. 知识扩展：follow/take sb's advice
【例13】 Look at the terrible situation I am in! If only I had followed (follow)your advice. 知识扩展：follow/take sb's advice
做题时注意：动词的形式根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整
一分为二，先找时间再判断时态。
【例4】
If we ______ （book）a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.
高考英语语法专题讲解之虚拟语气
She would leave her husband except for children.
如果没有孩子的话,她就会离开她的丈夫的
考题点击：
D much longer time. 1.I went by plane; otherwise I ____ A.could take B.would take C.will have taken D.would have taken
1. If only grandmotherB ____ this together with us now.
A. will see B.could see C.must see D.should see
C quietly as the doctor instructed, 2. If only he ___ he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie
If only she had lived a little longer. 3. If only he had arrived in time.
比较if only与only if only if 表示“只有”； I wake up only if the alarm clock rings.
[考题]
（2）错综时间虚拟条件句 虚拟条件句与主句谓语动词发生的时间有时不 一致，要注意主从句谓语形式。 [考题] It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ___ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen C. should fall D. were to fall
高考英语语法专题复习-动词的语气-虚拟语气
语法复习十：动词的语气——虚拟语气一、语气的定义和种类l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2、语气的种类：(1)陈述语气: 表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如：We are not ready. 我们没准备好。
What a fine day it is!多好的天气啊!(2)祈使语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。
如: Open the door, please。
请打开门。
(3)虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如: If I were you, I should study English. 如果我是你，我就学英语了。
May you succeed! 祝您成功！二、虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件何。
在这种真实条件句中的谓语用陈述语气。
如: If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。
如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句。
如: If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。
(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。
)在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。
现将虚拟条件从should 可用于各种人称。
l、表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果。
如: If my brother were here, everything would be all right. 要是我哥哥在这儿，一切都没问题了。
2、表示与过去事实相反的假设和结果。
高考英语虚拟语气(23张)
.
5
C. would , ask
D. did, ask
典型例题
注意1、陈述语气与虚拟语气
1) The volleyball match will be put off if it ___B__. A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is rained
该句为陈述语气，因为主句用的是 will be put off。真实 条件句主句为将来时，从句用一般现在时代将来时。
2) --- Would you have called her up ___A__ possible? --- Yes, but I _____ busy doing my homework.
A. had it been … was
B. if it was … were
C. if it had been … had been D. if it were … would be
Had I (=If I had) known about it,I would have told
ou.
Should anyone (=If anyone should )call, please take
a message.
hat would have happened, ____C_ as far as the river bank?
A. lies
B. lay C. had lain D. should lie
(lie 躺. ，lay, lain)
12
2. 在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词 原形的虚拟语气形式。“should”可以省略。 常见的动词有:一个坚持insist; 两个命令order, command ; 三条建议suggest , advise, propose; 四项要求demand, request, require, desire;
高三英语语法讲解----虚拟语气
（1）表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑 等，假设是不可能或者不大可能发生或实现的；
（2）表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等
02 related concept
虚拟语气的基本用法：
if条件句中的虚拟语气：
虚拟语气的基本用法：
在if引导的虚拟条件状语从句中，谓语动词含有had、were、should时， 可以把if省略，将had、were、should、could提到句首，变成倒装句。 If I were in your position，I would do the same. →Were I in your position，I would do the same. 假如我处在你的位置，我也会这样干的。 If you had come earlier，you would have caught the bus. →Had you cght the bus. 如果你来得早些，你就会赶上公共汽车了。 If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话，我们就不去爬山了。
If从句
与现在相反
did（be用were)
与过去相反 与将来相反
had +done
did（be用were) were to+ do should +do
主句
would /should /could / might
+do
would /should /could / might ＋have + done
高考英语语法——虚拟语气
高考英语语法之虚拟语气(一)语气的种类：英语句子中谓语动词的语气有四种：1. 陈述语气（The Indicative Mood）陈述语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态：He has publishedquite a number of essays this year .他今年已发表了好几篇论文。
2. 祈使语气（The Imperative Mood）祈使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等：Wait outside untilyou are asked . 请在外面等候，请你进再进去。
Let's just take abreak, shall we ? 我们休息一会儿，好吗？3. 疑问语气( the interrogative mood ) ：用来提出问题Where are you from?4. 虚拟语气（The Subjunctive Mood）虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。
虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在，它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。
所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。
当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气。
If I had moremoney, I would buy a bigger apartment.我要是有再多一点钱，我就买一套更大一些房子。
(二) 虚拟语气的种类：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
虚拟语气在条件句中应用比较多；条件句可分为两类，一类为真实条件句，一类为非真实条件句。
非真实条件句表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况，故采用虚拟语气。
1.真实性条件句①真实条件句用于陈述语气，假设的情况有可能发生,各种结构如下：条件从句主句一般现在时 shall/will + 动词原形祈使句情态动词一般现在时If he comes, hewill bring his violin. 如果他来，会带小提琴来的。
高中英语语法系列--虚拟语气讲义
虚拟语气虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测、建议或与事实不符的假设等，也可以表示可能性较小的情况或不可能发生的情况，而不是客观存在的事实(表示客观事实要用陈述语气)。
虚拟语气是由句中谓语动词的特殊形式表现出来的。
虚拟语气常用于复合句中，也可用于简单句。
比较：If she asks me tomorrow,I shall do it.如果她明天请求我，我会做的。
(陈述语气，说话人认为请求的可能性大)If she asked me tomorrow, I should do it. 假如她明天请求我，我会做的。
(虚拟语气，说话人认为请求的可能性小或不可能请求)1 虚拟语气的用法1-1 虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1)表示与现在事实相反的情况If I were/was not busy today, I should go with you.如果我今天有空，我会同你一起去的。
If he were/was here,he might talk with you.如果他在这里，他可能会同你谈谈。
If I were you,I wouldn't accept her suggestion.如果我是你，我不会接受她的建议。
If I knew the answer to the question,I should/ would tell you.如果我知道问题的答案，我当然会告诉你。
If we left now, we should/would arrive there in time.如果我们现在就动身，我们会准时到达那里。
If he didn't do exercise every day,he wouldn't be so strong.如果他不每天锻炼，他不会那样强壮的。
If it weren't raining, we would go fishing.要是现在不下雨，我们就去钓鱼了。
2023届高考英语语法：虚拟语气讲义
虚拟语气虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。
一、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中从句主句与现实事实相反一般过去式（be--were）Should/would/could/might + V原与过去事实相反Had + done Should/would/could/might +have done与将来事实相反过去式；should+V 原；were to + V原Should/would/could/might + V原1. 表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）主句用：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If we had time now, we would read it again.If I were you, I would work hard.2. 表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：had+过去分词；主句：would(should, could, might)+have+过去分词。
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the test.If I had known your telephone number then, I would have called you.3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生：条件状语从句：①一般过去时②should +动词原形③were to+动词原形；主句：would(should, could, might)+动词原形。
If it should rain, the crops would be saved.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.例句：If there were no subjunctive mood, English ( ) much easier to learn. （B）A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been（2）省略if的虚拟语气如果从句中含有were/ should/ had时，则可以把这三个词置于句首，省略if.采用倒装语序。
高考英语语法讲解——虚拟语气
虚拟语气一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气1.和现在的事实相反从句：一般过去时（were/did）；主句：过去将来时（would do）E.g.：I am not free today. If I ______free today, I _____ (go)and visit some of my friends.2.和过去的事实相反从句：过去完成时（had done）；主句：过去完成时（would have done）E.g.：If my lawyer ___________(come)here last Saturday, he __________(keep) me from going.3.和将来的事实相反从句：①were to + 动词原形②should +动词原形③动词过去式；主句should/would/could/might +动词原形E.g.：If I were to see Tom, what _______ you ________ (ask)me to tell him?二、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1.wish后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的愿望。
其表达形式一般是将从句的谓语动词退后一个时态。
例如:1)与现在事实相反: wish + (that)+ did(were)E.g.：I wish I were as healthy as you.E.g.：I wish that I had a plane.2)与过去事实相反: wish + (that)+ had doneE.g.：I wish I had been to the concert last night.E.g.：I wish you had written to him.3)与将来事实相反: wish + would/could/might + doE.g.：I wish he would forgive me.2. 在某些动词后的宾语从句中需用should+动词原形的虚拟语气形式。
高考英语语法专题备考-虚拟语气
⑦(2008·重 庆 一 中 )________ I had time， I would
have checked my answers again.
A．If C．Had B．Unless D．When
解析：本题考查虚拟语气条件状语从句省略if时的倒 装现象。
答案：C
⑧(2008· 江 苏 兴 化 )What would have happened ，
________，as far as the river bank?
A．Bob had walked farther B．if Bob should walked farther C．had Bob walked farther D．if Bob walked farther
I would have written to you before，but I was ill.
早该给你写信的，但我生病了。
这样考过
⑫(湖南师大附中)—How can I thank you?
—Don't mention it.Any other man in that case ______ the same thing. A．would have done C．must do B．could do D．should have done
情况，谓语动词用“would(或其他情况动词)＋have＋过
去分词”。例如：
But for the storm，we should have arrived earlier.
要不是下暴雨，我们早到了。
Without my teacher's help，I would have failed. 没有我老师的帮助，我当时就会失败的。 I was busy，otherwise I would have gone with you. 我当时很忙，不然就跟你一起去了。
高考英语语法——虚拟语气
高考英语语法之虚拟语气(一)语气的种类：英语句子中谓语动词的语气有四种：1. 陈述语气（The Indicative Mood）陈述语气用于直截了当地陈述事实、描述状态：He has publishedquite a number of essays this year .他今年已发表了好几篇论文。
2. 祈使语气（The Imperative Mood）祈使语气用于提出请求、命令、建议或是劝告等：Wait outside untilyou are asked . 请在外面等候，请你进再进去。
Let's just take abreak, shall we ? 我们休息一会儿，好吗？3. 疑问语气( the interrogative mood ) ：用来提出问题Where are you from?4. 虚拟语气（The Subjunctive Mood）虚拟语气用于表示主观愿望和假设的虚拟情况。
虚拟语气不太顾及事实的存在，它表现出说话人的主观因素比较多。
所以说话人所讲的内容往往是与事实相反的；或是其实现的可能性微乎其微，甚至于没有实现的可能性。
当然，有时为了使说话的语气客气、缓和、委婉，也使用虚拟语气。
If I had moremoney, I would buy a bigger apartment.我要是有再多一点钱，我就买一套更大一些房子。
(二) 虚拟语气的种类：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。
虚拟语气在条件（三）虚拟语气的考查难点1.省略if的虚拟语气在虚拟语气中，如果虚拟条件从句中有were，had 或 should，可以把if省略，把这几个词放到主语之前，构成主谓倒装。
难点分析：考点的判断应对策略：分析真实与否Should hecome (If he should come), tell him to ring me up. 他要是来了，让他给我打个电话。
高考英语语法——虚拟语气
虚拟语气一、定义：虚拟语气表示动作或状态与事实相反，或不可能发生的情况。
1．虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中1）表示与现在事实相反或不可能发生：一般过去时（虚拟语气中be→were）Eg. If he had time, he would (could, might) go with youEg.If I were you, I would work hard.2）表示与过去事实相反或不可能发生Eg.If I had time last night, I should have come to see you.Eg.If they had helped us, we would have finished the task. (实际上没帮)3）表示与将来的事实可能相反或不可能发生Eg.If it should rain, the crops would be saved.Eg.If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.4）※注意：虚拟语气的倒装语序：如果if从句里含有should, had, were或其他助动词,则可将从属连词if省去,将助动词.情态动词.be或have放在句首形成部分倒装.Eg.If I had time, I would have done that yesterday.=Had I had time, I would have done that yesterday.Eg.If I were you, I would go to the party.=Were I you, I would go to the party.Eg.If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home=Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.2. 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法在动词wish后的宾语从句中，表示与现在或过去的事实相反，或对将来的主观愿望，从句通常省略连词that。
2023届高考英语语法知识整理复习讲义(虚拟语气+倒装句)
高考英语虚拟语气一、虚拟条件句中的虚拟语气1、表示与现在事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+did (be动词用were)主句：主语+ should/would/might/ could + doIf I were you, I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。
（事实：我不可能是你）If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you.如果我知道他的电话号码，我就会告诉你。
（事实：不知道）If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth.如果没有水和空气，地球上就不会有生物。
(事实：地球上既有空气也有水)2、表示与过去事实相反的情况从句：If+主语+ had + done主句：主语+should/would/might/could+have doneIf I had got there earlier, I should/would have met her.如果我早到那儿，我就会见到她（事实：去晚了）。
If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。
（事实：没有听我的话）3、表示与将来事实相反的情况从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do③if+主语+过去式（be动词用were）主句：主语+should/would/might/could+doIf he should come here tomorrow, I would talk to him.如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。
（事实：不可能来）If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would go skating.如果下周日下大雪，我们就去滑冰。
高中英语语法备考大全 专题16 虚拟语气
专题16 虚拟语气◎简单句中的虚拟语气◎虚拟语气在条件从句和主句中◎名词性从句中的虚拟语气一、语气的定义和种类1.语气语气是动词的一种形式，表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
2.语气的种类（1）陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如：There are two sides to every question.每个问题都有两个方面。
Were you busy all day yesterday?昨天一整天你都很忙吗？How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊！（2）祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。
如：Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。
Don’t forget to turn off the light.别忘了关灯。
（3）虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
如：If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
I wish I could pass the examination.我希望我能通过考试。
May you succeed! 祝您成功！二、简单句中的虚拟语气1.情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气，常用于日常会话中。
如：Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office？请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗？It would be better for you not to stay up too late.你最好别熬夜到很晚。
2.表祝愿（1）常用“may+动词原形”表示“祝愿，但愿”，此时may须置于句首（多用于正式文体中）如：May good luck be yours! 祝你好运！May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就！May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩得痛快。
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虚拟语气一、考点聚焦1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中（1）表示与现在事实相反的假设，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式（be动词的过去式用were）”，而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。
如：If I were a boy, I would join the army.If the had time, she should go with you.（2）表示与过去的事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时，主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。
如：If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.（3）表示与将来事实相反，条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should(were to) + 动词原形，而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/could might + 动词原形。
如；If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.（4）当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应调整。
如：If they had worked hard, they would be very tired.(从句说的是过去，主句指的是现在)以下表格是虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中时，主句和从句谓语动词的形式：有时侯在使用时可省略if,句子则可换成下列形式，即“were / had / should +主语”。
如：Were I a boy, I would join the army.Had he taken my advice, he would have succeeded.Were it not for the expense, I wo uld go to Britain.2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句（1）虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。
①“wish + 宾语从句”表示不能实现的愿望，译为“要是……就好了”等。
表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时；表示将来不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”；表示过去不能实现的愿望，从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。
如：I wish it were spring all the year round.I wish I had known the answer.I wish I could fly like a bird.②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advise、propose、demand、require、insist request、command、order 等后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。
如：She suggested we (should)leave here at once.The doctor ordered she should be operated.（2）虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。
作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advise、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句，从句中的谓语动词用“（should）+ 动词原形”。
如：His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.（3）虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。
在主语从句中，谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构，表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。
如：It is necessary(important, natural, strange, etc.)tha t we should clean the room every day.It was a p ity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)that you should be so careless.It will be desired(suggested, decided, ordered, requested, proposed, etc.)that she should finish her homework this afternoon.注意：这种从句表示的是事实。
如果说人对这种事实表现出惊奇的情感，就可用虚拟语气。
反之，如果不表示惊奇等情感，th at从句也可用陈述句语气。
如：It is pity that you can’t swim.3、虚拟语气在其他场合的运用（1）虚拟语气在as if/as though、ev en if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中，如果从句表示的动作发生在过去，用过去完成时；指现在状况，则用一般过去时；指将来状况则用过去将来时。
如：He did it as if he were an expert.Even if she were here, she could not solve the problem.（2）虚拟语气用于定语从句中。
这种从句常用于句型“It is (high)time (that) … ”中，定语从句的谓语动词用一般过去时(be用were)或should + 动词原形，意思是“(现在)该……”。
如：It’s time that I picked up my daughter.It’s high time we were going.（3）虚拟语气用在if only引导的感叹句中。
如：If only I were a bird.If only I had taken his advice.（4）虚拟语气在一些简单句中的运用。
①情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时，表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌或语气委婉，常出现在日常会话中。
如：It would be better for you not to stay up too late.Would you be kind enough to close the door?②用于一些习惯表达法中。
如：Would you like a cup of tea?I would rather not tell you.二、精典名题导解选择填空1. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _______. (NMET 95)A.breaksB.has brok enC.were brokenD.had been broken解析：答案为C。
本题考查的是as if 引导的让步状语从句中的语气问题，as if引导的状语从句如果与事实一致，不用虚拟语气，如果与事实相反，应用虚拟语气。
题中“当铅笔的一部分浸在水中，铅笔看上去好像断了”。
而实际上铅笔并未断，与事实相反，前半部分陈述是一般现在时，因而本句是对一般现在时的虚拟，用were broken。
2. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she ___________, she would have met my brother.(NMET 94)A.has comeB.did comeC.cameD.had come解析：答案为D。
本题考查的是if条件句中的虚拟语气。
题意是：我在会议上没看到你姐姐，故你姐姐没来。
因此如果“她来了”与事实相反，前面一句交代了虚拟语气的时态是一般过去时的虚拟，所以if从句中用had+过去分词。
3. —If he ___________, he ________that food.—Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.(NMET 93)A.was warned; would not takeB.had been warned; would not have takenC.would be warned; had not takenD.would have been warned; had not taken解析：答案为B。
本题考查的是条件状语从句与主句表示与事实相反时虚拟语气的用法。
根据下一句语境可知，他事先并没有得到警告，表示过去时间的虚拟语气，故选B。
4.Mr.White at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.A. should have arrivedB. should arriveC. should have had arrivedD. should be arriving解析：答案为A。
本题考虚拟语气及责备的用法，全句意为：Mr.white 8:30（原本）应该到会的，但他没露面。
全句谈的是过去的事，故应使用should have done结构，表原本该做而没做的事。
5.—I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.—You her last week.A. ought to tellB. would have toldC. must tellD. should have told解析：答案为D。
本题考查情态动词用法，should（ought to）have done表示说话人对发生的事性“责备”故选D。
6.—Let’s go and have a good drink tonight.—Have you got the first prize in the competition?A. What for?B. Thanks a lot.C. Yes, I’d li ke to.D. Why not?解析：答案为A。
考语境及交际用语。
前句建议：今晚咱们出去好好喝一顿吧。
喝一顿应有个来由和原因，且多是为了庆祝某事，所以后句问：为何事（庆祝）？你是不是在竞赛中得了一等奖？这样才能表示后者惊讶、疑问和兴奋，what for：为何而做某事？其余均不合语境。