2014职称英语理工A阅读理解第1-10篇中文翻译

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2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读判断文章及译文(10)

2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读判断文章及译文(10)

2014年职称英语综合类考试教材阅读判断文章及译文(10)2014年职称英语考试时间为3月29日。

小编为您整理职称英语教材中,阅读判断部分的文章及译文,希望对您有所助益。

Plants and MankindBotany(植物学), the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We don’t know what our Stone Age ancestors knew abou t plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrialial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, Medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recogn ized as a special branch of “knowledge” at all.Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants. And the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.词汇:botany 植物学 yield 产量,收益detailed 详细的,详尽的 marvel 令人惊奇的事(人),奇迹property 特征;财产,资产 logical 逻辑的,合乎逻辑的pyramid 金字塔 variety 品种,变种;变化,多样化accumulate 积累,积聚 welfare 福利,幸福,康乐intimacy 亲近,亲密注释:1.Stone Age:石器时代2.…a detailed learning of plants and t heir properties must be extremely ancient:……对植物及其特点的详细了解一定非常久远3.dye:染料4.the Amazon:亚马孙河5.Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge,…然而每个人都会无意识中获得大量的植物知识,……come on :偶然遇见;偶然发现。

2014年职称英语理工类A级考试真题(含答案)

2014年职称英语理工类A级考试真题(含答案)

2014年职称英语考试试题理工类c级真题及答案(word版)第1部分词汇选项1.Take some spare clothes in case you get wet.A fineB winterC outdoorD extra2.Afterwards there was just a feeling of let-down.A excitementB angerC calmD disappointment3.The AIDS convention will be held in Glasgow.A conferenceB partyC celebrationD union4.The new service helped boost pre-tax profits by 10%.A returnB realizeC increaseD double5.Some comments are just inviting trouble.A asking forB keeping out ofC getting intoD suffering from6.His knowledge of French is fair.A very usefulB very limitedC quite goodD rather special7.The book raised a storm of controversy.A damageB voiceC doubtD argument8.My principal concern is to get the job done fast.A seriousB mainC deepD particularck of space forbids further treatment of the topic here.A receivesB deservesC acceptsD prevents10.He made a number of rude remarks about the food.A commentsB signsC mannersD noises11.They are trying to identify what is wrong with the present systm.A proveB discoverC considerD imagine12.His heart gave a sudden leap when he saw her.A hopeB jumpC silenceD life13.The worst agonies of the war were now beginning.A partsB aspectsC painsD results14.I'm sure I'll be able to amuse myself for a few hours.A entertainB treatC holdD keep15.Several windows had been smashed.A cleanedB brokenC replacedD fixed答案:DDACA CDBDA BBCAB第二部分阅读判断So Many "Earths"The Milky Way(银河) contains billions of Earth-sized planets that could support life.That's the finding of new study.It draws on data that came from NASA's top planet-hunting telescope.A mechanical failure recently put that Kepter space telescope out of service.Kepler had played a big role in creating a census of planets orbiting some 170,000 stars. Its date have been helping astronomers predict how common planets are in our galaxy.The telescope focused on hunting planets that might have conditions similar to those on Earth.The authors of a study published in The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences conclude that between 14 and 30 out of every 100 stars with a mass and temperature similar to the Sun may host a planet that could support life as we know it.Such a planet would have a diameter at least as large as Earth's but no more than twice that big.The planet also would have to orbit in a stor's habitable zone. That's where the surface temperature would allow any water to exist as liquid.The new estimate of how many plantes might fit these conditions comes from studying more that 42,000 stars and identifying suitable worlds orbiting them.The scientists used those numbers to extrapolate(推算) to the rest of the stars that the telescope could not see.The estimate is rough,the authors admit. If applied to the solar system,it would define as habitable a zone starting as close ot the Sun as Venus and running to as far away as Mars. Neither planet is Earthlike(although either might have been in the distant pase). Using tighter limits the researchers estimate the between 4 and 8 out of every 100 sunlike stars could host an Earth-sized world.These are ones that would take 200 to 400 days to complete a yearly orbit.Four out of every 100 sunlike stars doesn't sound like a big number. It would mean however that the Milky Way could host more than a billion Earth-sized planets with a chance for life.16. The Kepler space telescpe has been in service for 15 yearsA RightB WrongC Not mentioned17.The main task of the Kepler space telescope is to find out planets with similar conditions to Earth's.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned18.The planet that could support life might be a little bit smaller than Earth.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned19.The Earth is a planet orbiting in the Sun's habitable zone.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned20.The new finding is based on a thorough study of 170,000 stars on the Milky Way.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned21.The estimate of the number of planets that could support life is not very accurate.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned22.This is the first research finding about the planets with a chance for life.A RightB WrongC Not mentioned答案:CABABAC第3部分概括大意与完成句子Pathways to Research:Problem-solving1 Pittsburgh's many hills aren't kind to bikers. Anyone hoping to pedal to work there has to contend with steep streets like Canton Avenue,which famouslyclimabs at a nearly 40-degree angle.As a result,some residents avoid biking altogether.2 But University of Pittsburgh graduate Micah Toll,23,and a few friends recently launched an invention that they hope will increase the city's pedal power. An electric bike called to Pulse PEVO. A super-strong battery powers the bicycle. Able to hit nearly 20 miles per hours without pedaling,it zips battery powers the bicycle. Able to hit nearly 20 miles per hour without pedating ,it zips up the city's most daunting(令人却步的)hills.Toll hopes it will persuade people in Pittsburgh and elsewhere to get out of their cars and onto bikes.3 If it sounds like Toll has a knack(窍门) for fixing problems,that's because he does. In high school,he designed a new type of construction beam. It weights no more than a feather pillow but can be used to build sturdy(坚固的)homes for refugees fleeing war or natural disaster.For his work,Toll was invited to attend the Inter International Science and Engineering Fair(Isef)—twice,in 2006 and 2007. The annual competition for young researchers is program of Society for Science&the Public(that's the parent organization of Science News for Kids).Toll says that when it comes to science,he keeps it simple:“You see a problem and say,“How couldI solve that?”4 He's not the only to take that approach. Many young researchers get their start by trying to solve a problem or fulfill a need in their own communities.When students dedicate themselves to finding a solution that many benefit theircommunity,“a passion is ignited(点燃),”says Wendy Hawkins,executive director of the Inter Foundation,which sponsors Intel ISEF."Finding that passion and fostering it can be the key to many students future success."she says.23. Paragraph 124. Paragraph 225. Paragraph 326. Paragraph 4A Intel International Science and Engineering FairB The enthusiasm for solving problemsC The young researchers' passionD An invention increasing pedal powerE Why people avoid biking in PittsburghF The cause of national disaster27 A Pulse PEVO is powered with28 Toll hopes his Pulse PEVO will encourage people to29 A new construction beam invented by Toll weighs like30 Many young researchers are finding solutions to problems that mayA a nearly 40-degreeangleB get on bikesC a feather pillowD fix more problemsE a super-strong batteryF benefit their community答案:EDBC EBCF第4部分,阅读理解Approaches to Understanding IntelligencesIt bays to be smart, but we are not all smart in the same way .You may be a talented musician, but you might not be a good reader. Each of us is different.Psychologists disagree about what is intelligence and what are talents or personal abilities .Psychologists have two different views on intelligence .Some believe there is one general intelligence .Others believe there are many different intelligences .Some psychologists say there is one type of intelligence that can be measured with IQ tests .These psychologists support their view with research that concludes that people who do well on one kind of test for mental ability do well on other tests .They do well on tests using words, numbers or pictures. They do well on individual or group tests, and written or oral tests .Those who do poorly on one test, do the same on all tests.Studies of the brain show that there is a biological basis for general intelligence .The brain of intelligence people use less energy during problem solving .The brain waves of people with higher intelligence show a quicker reaction .Some researchers conclude that differences in intelligence result from differences in the speed and effectiveness of information processing by the brain .Howard Gardner, a psychologist at the Harvard School of Education, has four children .He believes that all children are different and shouldn’t be tested by one intelligence test .Although Gardner believes general intelligence exists, he doesn’t think it tells much about the talents of a person outside of formal schooling .He think that the human mind has different intelligences .These intelligences allow us to solve the kinds of problems we are presented with in life .Each of us has different abilities within these intelligences .Gardner believes that the purpose of school should be to encourage development of all of our intelligences .Gardner says that his theory is based on biology .For example ,when one part of the Brain is injured ,other parts of the brain still work .People who cannot talkbecause of Brain damage can still sing .So ,there is not just one intelligence to lose .Gardner has Identified 8 different kinds of intelligence; linguistic, mathematical, spatial, musical, Interpersonal, intrapersonal, body-kinesthetic(身体动觉的),and naturalistic .31. What is the main idea of this passage?A. How to understand intelligence.B. The importance of intelligence.C. The development of intelligence tests.D. How to become intelligent.32. Which of the following statements is true concerning general intelligence?A. Most intelligent people do well on some intelligence tests.B. People doing well on one type of intelligence test do well on other tests.C. Intelligent people do not do well on group tests.D. Intelligent people do better on written tests than on oral tests.33. Gardner believes that ________.A. children have different intelligences.B. all children are alike.C. children should take one intelligence test.D. there is no general intelligence.34. According to Gardner, schools should ________.A. test students’IQs.B. train students who do poorly on tests.C. focus on finding the most intelligent students.D. promote development of all intelligences.35. Gardner thinks that his theory has a ________ .A. musical foundation.B. biological foundation.C. intrapersonal foundation.D. linguistic foundation.答案:ABADBMusic is one of the most beautiful forms of artistic expression是ever invented. In movies and plays,music has an added function:it not only moves people but also can shock people.Our eardrums can withstand sound within 20 to 80 decibels(分贝).Once sound exceeds this limit,even beautiful music will become ear-splitting noise and harm health.A strong blast(响声) of high sound can twist and break a solid iron sheet.High sound of 150 decibels can kill a healthy rat.In movies,sometimes the hero can produce a sound that ordinary people can't hear and only those who have the same ability can feel.In nature,there is actually sound that is beyond our hearing. In physics,the sound that exceeds 20000Hz is called ultrasonic(超音波的).Dolphins,whales and bats can make suchhigh-frequency sound.It does no harm to health.Sound less than 20Hz is called infrasonic(次声)waves. When we move,the air will vibrate. The vibration of air can produce infrasonic wave.As the frequency of infrasonic waves is close to that of people's internal organs,infrasonic wave may cause resonance(共振) in human bodies. As a result,people's vision may weaken and internal organs may rupture(断裂). However,whether an infrasonic wave can be used as a weapon depends on its intensity. If its intensity is very low,it won't damage internal organs or a person's health. If the intensity of inf让sonic wave exceeds 160 decibels,it is extremely harmful. When wind blows at a force of 3 or 4 over the sea,it will produce infrasonic waves of several decibels. Only typhoons canproduce infrasonic waves of over 100 decibels. At present,scientists can only produce infrasonic weapons in the lab with the help of advanced scientific tools and powerful electric power.36 What could be the best title of the passage?A The power of musicB The harms of noisesC The magic of soundD The discovery of infrasonic waves37 What does the author say about music?A It may be harmful to people's halthB It always cheers people upC It is very often difficult to understandD It sounds better when it is lound enough38 It is true that the soundA of nature is the most beautifulB over 80 decibels is harmful to peopleC of high intensity benefits animalsD in movies is pleasing to the ear39 An ultrasonic soundA is very loudB does harm to people's healthC cannot be heard by peopleD is produced by the hero in movies40 It can be found from the last paragraph that infrasonic wavesA are harmless to people's healthB exist in people's internal organsC can be used as deadly weaponsD can improve eyesight答案:CABCCCompact DisksIf someone says to you your music CDs don't really hold any music on them, and they only have numbers recorded on them, you may not believe it. In fact, he isright in that sound is actually recorded onto the CDs as special numbers —a digital code.1 The code is pressed onto the CD as bumps on a long spiral track almost five kilometers long. These bumps are an average of 0.5 microns wide.A small laser beam shines onto the bumps as the CD turns. The light is reflected back to a receiver that records how the laser light bounces back. This lets the CD player2 turn the reflected light back into the original code. This means you can hear the original code as music.Digital codes are used with many technologies. E-mail needs these kinds of code numbers. Space probes communicate with their ground station on earth using digital codes. Bar codes are read as digital codes in computer systems. Digital communications with cell phones need digital codes. Weather radios also tune into specific signals using these codes.There are many types of compact disks. One format is called CD-RWs. They can be recorded on and re-recorded on(rewritten on)as you would do with a floppy disk3. Another format is the CD-ROM. The technology for recording on these disks is different from other CDs. These CDs have a dye layer that the CD writer can darken or leave clear. The clear and dark spots are the digital code. CD-ROM stands for Compact Disc —Read Only Memory4. This disk is like a "super" floppy disk that can hold lots of information. One CD-ROM can hold the same amount of data as 500 floppy disks. Information is permanently recorded onto it. Computer games and other programs are considered to be CD-ROMs.CDs were first sold to the public in 1982 These CDs still play well and sound fine. Current CDs are expected to last between 70 to 200 years. Of course, you can make sure your CDs last a long time by taking care of them.Science keeps on developing. It may not be many more years before a completely new technology is invented5 and introduced to the public for music recording. In the meantime, there is no doubt you will continue to enjoy listening to your favorite music on CDs6 and playing your favorite computer games onCD-ROMs.41 Music is recorded onto CDs asA laser beamsB digital codesC musical notesD special sounds42 E-mail is mentioned in the third paragraph to showA the variety of digital communicationsB the development of new technologiesC the usefulness of digital codesD the relationship between communication and technology43 One of the differences between CD-RWs and CD-ROMs isA CD-ROMs can be used for longer timeB CD-ROMs cannot be rewritten onC CD-RWs hold more informationD CD-RWs are merely used for music recording44 CDs can last a long time ifA they are seldom usedB they play well and sound fineC their users take good care of themD they are developed with new technology45 It can be inferred from the passage thatA CD-ROMs are more expensive than other CDsB new technology for music recording is being developedC the author likes listening to musicD flppy disks are no longer in use答案:BCBCC第5部分,补全短文Do You Have a Sense of Humor?Humor and laughter are good for us. There is increasing evidence that they can heal us physically,mentally,emotionally,and spiritually. In fact,every system of the body responds to laughter in some positive,healing way. So how can we get more laughter into our lives?(46)Psychologist and author,Steve Wlison,has some answers.Many peoplebelieve that we are born with a sense of humor.They think,“either you've got it,or you don't”Dr.Wilson points out that this false.(47) The parts of brain and central nervous system that control laughing and smiling are mature at birth(48)(After all ,when a baby laughs,we don't rush over and say,“That kid has a great sense of humor!”)A sense of humor is something that you can develop over a lifetime.Sometimes people think that they don't have a good sense of humor because they are not good joke tellers.Dr.Wilson reminds us that telling jokes is only one of many ways to express humor.(49)Then we will make others laugh,too.A person who has a true sense of humor is willing and able to see the funny side of everyday life.One of the best definition of a sense of humor is“the ability to see the nonserious element in a situation.”Consider this sign from a sore window.“Any faulty merchandise will be cheerfully replanced with merchandise of equal quality.”The store manager probably placed the sign in the window to impress customers with the store's excellent service.(50)As Dr.Wilson says,“a good sense of humor means that you don't have to be funny;you just have to see what's funny.”A He advises us to lose our inhibitions(抑制)and try to laugh at ourselves.B Is it possible to develop a sense of humor?C However,that does not mean that infants have a sense of humor.D What is true,however,it that we are born with the capacity to laugh and smileE Everyone experiences this emotionF He had a serious purpose,but if you have a sense of humor,you will probably find the sign funny!答案:BDCAF第6部分:完形填空(第51~65题,每题1分,共15分)Citizen ScientistsUnderstanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle1 events —flowering, the appearance of leaves, the first frog calls of the spring —all around the world. But ecologists can't be everywhere so they're turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists, for help.Climate scientists are not present everywhere. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, they're asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world. The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest —birds, trees, flowers budding, etc. —and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover a hyper-local beat2, citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All that's needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.A group of scientists and educators launched an organization last year called the National Phenology4Network. “Phenology”is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature.One of the group's first efforts relies on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year. The program, called Project Bud Burst, collects life cycle data on a variety of common plants from acrossthe United States. People participating in the project —which is open to everyone —record their observations on the Project Bud Burst website.“People don't have to be plant experts —they just have to look around and see what's in their neighborhood,”says Jennifer Schwartz, an education consultant with the project. “As we collect this data, we'll be able to make an estimate of how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.”51 A everywhere B anywhere C somewhere D nowher52 A If B Although C When D Because53 A giving B showing C developing D observing54 A special B professional C skillful D ordinary55 A on B at C to D with56 A small B limited C smple D large57 A Very B Much C AsD Many58 A All B Any C Some D Most59 A send B print C answer D keep60 A known B featured C belonged D called61 A alike B like C unlike D likely62 A points B wonders C data D interests63 A common B suitable C open D strange64 A want B forget C mind D have65 A who B how C before D since ADDDC BDAAD ACCDB。

2014职称英语综合阅读理解译文

2014职称英语综合阅读理解译文

严格意义上来讲,回忆录是既注重作者本身的生活经历,也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件 的自传性的描述。回忆录作者通常把这些事件作为他们生活的背景。他们详细地描述这些事件并 论述这些事件的重要性。虽然近些年,回忆录这个词似乎开始变得可以和自传互换,但是目前回 忆录也许还没有因外界评论而有所改变。
传记事实上是记录(作者以外).其他人的生活。在很多方面,传记也许是这三种非小说类文 学作品中最难写的了。自传作者知悉他们所写的事件因为他们就生活在其中。但是传记作者不得 不尽量从很多不同的渠道来收集信息。然后他们不得不决定包含哪种事实。他们的目标是用比较 全面的图片来介绍一个人物,并不是过于萝极也不是过于批判。一个公正并详尽的传记也许要花 费许多年来研究并进行书写。
像Fangmeyer的大学那样规模很大的学校,有4万多学生,学生首先想要找到属于他们的校园一角。
威斯康星大四的学生Katie Rowley肯定了调查结果。“我加入校园组织希望让校园感觉上变得小一些,这样不仅可以投入到校园生活中还可以交到很多朋友”。
这些关于友谊的看法并不意味着学生不考虑他们的经历。Heitner说:“我认为很多人加入校园组织来丰富经历,刚上大学的时候,我加入了一些校园组织,希望培养自己的领导能力。”
但是如果没有热情,学生领导者很难经受风雨考验。例如,在四月份,威斯康星大学几个学生组织展开了一项活动,向学生讲述无家可归和贫困。学生领导必须面对一些问题,比如解决争论,受雨天影响而更改活动日期,同学校复杂的机构打交道。
Fangmeyer说:“课外的这种学习确实带来很大不同。”
第三篇 小心鲨鱼! Shark attack!
克雷格 罗杰斯正坐在他的冲浪板上估算着下一波浪离他还有多远,就在这时冲浪板不动了。他低头向水下看,惊悚的一幕出现了:一条大白鲨正在撕咬冲浪板的前端。“

2014年职称英语考试综合类A级真题全文翻译汇总

2014年职称英语考试综合类A级真题全文翻译汇总

When Our Words Collide"Wanna buy a body?"That was the opening line of more than a few phone calls I got from self-employed photographers when I was a photo editor at U.S.News.Like many in the mainstream press,I wanted to separate the world of photographers into "them",who trade in pictures of bodies or run after famous people like Princess Diana,and"us",the serious news people. But after16years in that role,I came to wonder whether the two worlds were easily distinguishable.“想买尸体的照片吗?”自从我当上《美国新闻》的图片编辑之后,我接到的自由摄影师打来的电话很多都是以这么一句开场的。

跟很多主流媒体一样,我想把这些买卖尸体照片或者整天跟着像戴安娜王妃这样的名人后面追拍的摄影师,归到“那些人”里面,而我们“这些人”自然是严肃的新闻人。

但是在这个位置上做了16年以后,我开始怀疑这两个世界是不是真的能轻易区分开。

Working in the reputable world of journalism,I toldphotographers to cover other people's difficult life situations.I justified marching into moments of sadness,under the appearance of the reader's right to know.I worked with professionals talking their way into situations or shooting from behind police lines.And I wasn't alone.既然在新闻界这种声誉卓著的行业工作,我就要求摄影师们去采访其他人艰难的生活状况。

2014年职称英语真题及答案综合类A级(阅读理解)

2014年职称英语真题及答案综合类A级(阅读理解)

第一篇The National TrustThe National Trust in Britainplays an increasingly important part in the preservation for public enjoymentof the best that is left unspoiled of the British countryside. Although theTrust has received practical and moral support from the Government,it is not arich Government department.It is a voluntary association of people who care forthe unspoiled countryside and historic buildings of Britain.It is a charitywhich depends for its existence on voluntary support from members of thepublic'.Its primary duty is to protect places of great natural beauty and placesof historical interest.The attention of the publicwas first drawn to the dangers threatening the great old houses and castles ofBritain by the death of Lord Lothian,who left his great seventeenth-centuryhouse to the Trust together with the 4500-acre park and estate surrounding it.Thisgift attracted wide publicity and started the Trust's"Country HouseScheme”. Under this scheme,with the help of the Government and the generalpublic,the Trust has been able to save and makeaccessible to the public aboutone hundred and fifty of these old st year about one and three quartersof a million people paid to visit these historic houses,usually at a verysmall charge.In addition to country housesand open spaces the Trust now owns some examples of ancient wind and watermills3,nature reserves4,five hundred and forty farms and nearly two thousandfive hundred cottages or small village houses,as well as some completevillages.In these villages no one is allowed to build,develop'or disturb theold village environment in any way and all the houses are maintained in theiroriginal sixteenth-century style.Over four hundred thousand acres of coastline,woodland,and hill country are protected by the Trust and no development ordisturbances of any kind are permitted.The public has free access to theseareas and is only asked to respect the peace,beauty and wildlife.Soit is that over the past eighty years the Trust has become a big and importantorganization and an essential and respected part of national life,preservingall that is of great natural beauty and of historical significance not only forfuturegenerations of Britons but also for the millions of tourists who eachyear invade Britain in search of a great historic and cultural heritage.31.The national trust is aB、non-profit organization depenging on voluntary service32、The national trust is dedicated toD、protecting the unspoiled countryside and historic33、We can infer from paragraph2that Lord Lothion____C、saved many old country houses in britain34、All the following can be inferred from the passage except_____A、the trust more interested in protecting the16century houses35、the word“invade”in pargraph41s closest in meaningtoC、visit in large number第二篇How we form first impressionWe all have first impressionof someone we just met.But why? Why do we form an opinion about someonewithout really knowing anything about him or her–aside perhaps from a fewremarks or readily observable traits.The answer is related to how yourbrain allows you to be aware of the world.Your brain is so sensitive inpicking up facial traits,even very minor difference in a how a person’s eyes,ears,nose,or mouth are placed in relation to each other make you see him orher as different.In fact,your brain continuously processes incoming sensoryinformation–the sights and sounds of your world.Theses incoming“signals”are compared against a host of“memories”stored in the brain areas called thecortex(大脑皮层)system to determine what thesenew signals“mean”.If you see someone you know and like at school,your brainsays“familiar andsafe”.“If you see someone new,it says,“new—potentially threatening”.Thenyour brain starts to match features of this stranger with other“known”memories. The height,weight,dress,ethnicity,gestures and tone of voice areall matched up.The more unfamiliar the characteristics,the more your brainmay say,“This is new.I don’t like this person.”Or else,“I am intrigued.”Oryour brain may perceive a new face but familiar clothes,ethnicity, gestures–like your other friends;so your brain says:“I like this person.”But thesespreliminary“impressions”can be dead wrong.When we stereotype people,we use aless mature form of thinking(not unlike the immature thinking of a very youngchild) that makes simplistic and categorical impressions of others. Rather thanlearn about the depth and breadth of people–their history,interest,values,strengths,and true character–we categorize them as jocks,geeks,or freaks.However,if we resist initialstereotypical impressions,we have a chance to be aware of what a person istruly like.If we spend time with a person,hear about his or her life,hopes,dreams,and become aware of the person’s character,we use a different,moremature style of thinking—and the most complex areas of our cortex,which allowus to be humane.36.Our first impression of some one new is influenced by his or her_____-facial feature37.If you meet a stranger with familiar gestures, your brain is mostly likelyto say____I like the person38.The word“preliminary”means____initial39.Our thinking is not mature enough when we stereotype people because_____we neglect their depth and breath40.Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of thepassage?Our first impression is influenced by the sensitivity of our brain第三篇A New Strategy to Overcome Breast CancerPost-menopausal(绝经后)women who walkfor an hour a day can cut their chance of breast cancer significantly,a studyhas suggested.The report,which followed73,000women for17years, foundwalking for at least seven hours a week lowered the risk of the disease.TheAmerican Cancer Society team said this was the first time reduced risk wasspecifically linked to walking. UK experts said it was more evidence thatlifestyle influenced cancer risk.A recent poll for the charity Ramblers aquarter of adults walk for no more than an hour a week,but being active isknown to reduce the risk of a number of cancers.This study,published inCancer Epidemiology,Biomarkers&Prevention,followed 73.615women out of97,785aged50-74who had been recruited by the American Cancer Society between1992and1993,so it couldmonitor the incidence of cancer in the group.They were asked to completequestionnaires on their health and on how much time they were active andparticipating in activities such as walking,swimming and aerobics(有氧运动)and how much timethey spent sitting watching television or reading. They completed the samequestionnaires at two-year intervals between1997and2009.Of the women,47%said walking was their only recreational activity.Those who walked for atleast seven hours per week had a14%lower risk of breast cancer compared tothose who walked three or fewer hours per week.Dr.Alpa Patel,a senior epidemiologistat the American Cancer Society in Atlanta,Georgia,who led the study, said:”Giventhat more than60%of women report some daily walking,promoting walking as ahealthy leisure-time activity could be an effective strategy for increasingphysical activity amongst post-menopausal women.We were pleased to find thatwithout any other recreational activity,just walking one hour a day wasassociated with a lower risk of breast cancer in these women.””More strenuous(紧张的)and longeractivities lowered the risk even more.”Baroness Delyth Morgan,chief executiveof Breast Cancer Campaign,said:”This study adds further evidence that ourlifestyle choices can play a part in influencing the risk of breast cancer andeven small changes incorporate into our normal day-to-day activity can make adifference.”She added:”We know that the best weaponto overcoming breast cancer is the ability to stop it occurring in the firstplace.The challenge now is how we turn these findings into action and identify othersustainable lifestyle changes that will help us prevent breast cancer.”41.All of the following factorsrelating to cancer risk were mentioned in the passage____EXCEPT________A.breathingexerciseB.regular walkingC.recreational activityD.lifestyle choices42.It can be inferred from Dr.AlpaPatel’s study that____.A.women have fewer chances of physicalactivityB.dailywalking could cut the chance of breast cancerC.leisure-time activity is notassociated with cancer riskD.walking is not recommended for womenwith breast cancer43.Dr.Alpa Patel was_____.A.headof the survey studyB.chief editor of Cancer EpidemiologyC.chair of the American Cancer SocietyD.chief executive of Breast CancerCampaign44.Which of the following statements istrue according to the passage?A.Most women take walking as their onlyrecreational activity.B.The study aims to track the healthconditions of its subjects.C.Walking was the only recreational activity for about half of the womenD.Irregular walking increased the riskof breast cancer in post-menopausal women45.The word“sustainable”in the lastparagraph is closest in meaning toA.continuableB.affordableC.availableD.persistent 答案:ABACA。

职称英语理工类阅读理解原文答案译文

职称英语理工类阅读理解原文答案译文

【经典资料,WORD文档,可编辑修改】【经典考试资料,答案附后,看后必过,WORD文档,可修改】Young Female Chimps Outlearn Their BrothersYoung female chimps are faster and better learners than young male chimps, suggests a new study, echoing learning differences seen in human girls and boys. While young male chimps pass their time playing. Young female chimps carefully study their mothers. As a result, they learn how to fish for tasty termite snacks over two years before the boys.Elizabeth Lonsdorf, now at Lincoln Park Zoo in Chicago, US, and colleagues at the University of Minnesota, Saint Paul spent four years watching how young chimpanzees in the Gombe National Park in Tanzania learned “cultural behavior”. The sex differences in learning behavior were “consistent and s trikingly apparent”, says the team. The researchers point out that similar differences are seen in human children with regard to??skills such as writing. “A sex-based learning differences may therefore date back at least to the last common ancestor of chim panzees and humans.” they write in the journal Nature.Chimps make flexible tools from vegetation and then insert them into termite mounds, extract them and then munch the termites clinging onto the tool. The researchers used video cameras to record this feeding behavior and found that each chimp mother had her own technique, such as how she used tools of different lengths.Analysis of the six infants whose ages were known showed that girl chimps were an average of 31 months old when they succeeded in fishing out their termites, where the boy chimps were aged 58 months on average. Females were also more skillful at getting out more termites with every dip and used techniques similar to their mothers while males did not.Instead of studying their mothers, the boy chimps spent a significantly greater amount of time frolicking around the termite mound. Behaviors such as playing or swinging might help the male infants later in life when typically male activities like hunting or fighting for dominance become important, suggest the researchers.Lonsdorf adds that there just two main sources of animal protein for chimps —the termites or colobus monkeys. “Mature males often hunt monkeys up trees, but females are almost always either pregnant or burdened with a clinging infant. This makes hunting difficult,” she says .“Adult females spend more time fishing for termites than males.” So becoming proficient at termite fishing could mean adult females eat better, “They can watch their offspring at the same time. The young of both sexes seen to pursue activities related to their adult sex roles{10} at a very young age.”练习:1. Why do young female chimps learn faster than young male chimps at fishing。

2014职称英语_理工类A级阅读理解及完型填空

2014职称英语_理工类A级阅读理解及完型填空

Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart RiskFast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of 1charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London 2suggest in a new study.Statins reduce the 3amount ofunhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack4risk .In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology,Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is 5enough to offset the increase in heart attack risk from 6eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake.Dr Francis,from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London,who is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins don’t cut out a11 of the 7unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French fries.It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether.But we’ve worked out that in terms of your 8possobility of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or lessthesame 9degree as a fast food meal increases it.”“It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outletsas they 10like , but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are 11provided free of charge.It would cost less than 5 penceper 12customer ---not much different to a sachet of sugar.” Dr Francis said.When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take 13measures that lower their risk, 1ike 14wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of 15lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal.Sharks Perform a Service for Earth’s WatersIt is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy1. They are thought to 1 attack people frequently. But these fish2 perform a 2 valuable service for earth's waters and for human beings. Yet business and sport fishing3 are threatening their 3 existence Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from 4 EarthWarm weather may influence both fish and shark activity. Many fish swim near coastal areas 5 because of their warm waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas, 6 where people also swim. In fact, most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person 7 for a sea animal, such as a seal or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up. Those are the 8 times when sharks are looking for food. Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack. A shark has an extremely good sense of smell4. It can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood, body liquids and 9 chemicals produced by animals. These powerful 10 senses help sharks find their food. Sharks eat fish, any 11 other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean.Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark’s body defense, and immune 12 systems against disease. Researchers know that sharks 13 recover quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.Sharks are important for the world’s 14 oceans . They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too 15 great . This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake DamageThe massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil "liquefaction"2 that has surprised researchers with its 1 widespread severity, a new analysis shows."We've seen localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and 2 extent of damage in Japan were unusually severe," said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University5. "Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments," Ashford said. "The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to 3 function . We saw some places that sank as much as four feet."Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their 4 strength and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or 5 collapse.But most earthquakes are much 6 shorter than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this8."With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw 7 how structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes," he said. "And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on 8 recently filled ground, are much more vulnerable."The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil 9 phenomenon and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, 10before damage was removed in the recovery efforts9."There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11 will help us to reduce risks in other similar 11events," Ashford said. "Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns."Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction ---on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The "young" sediments, in geologic terms, may be those 12 deposited within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.Anything 13 near a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to 14 prevent collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction 15 standards helped prevent many buildings from collapse ---even as they tilted and sank into the ground.==Batteries Built by VirusesWhat do chicken pox,the common cold, the flu,and AIDS have in common?1.According to the first paragraph,people try to C. stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases.2.What is Belcher's team doing at present?C. It is making batteries with viruses.3.What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word "shrink" appearing in paragraph 5?D. Expand:4.Which of the following is true of Belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6?D It is a metallic disk with viruses inside it.5.How tiny is one battery part?A.Its width is one tenth of a hair..Listening Device Provides Landslide Early WarningA device that provides early warning of a landslide by monitoring vibrations in soil is being tested by UK researchers.1.What does “Such natural disasters” in the first paragraph refer to? D Landslides.2.Which of the following statements is true of landslides? D All of the above.3.Why do researchers develop a new device to monitor signs of landsides?C Because the common methods can cause false alarms.4.Which of the following statements is NOT true of the device,according 1o Paragraph4?A It is filled in with gravel.5.According to the context,what does the word “positives” in the fifth paragraph mean?B Evidences."Don't Drink Alone" Gets New MeaningIn what may be bad news for bars and pubs,a European research group has found that peopleA who drink alcohol outside of mealsur2. Which of the following is NOT the conclusion m ade by the researchers about “drinking with meals”?C It increases by 20 percent the possibility of cancer in all sites.3. Approximately how many drinks do the lowest-intake group average per day? A 3 drinks.4Which cancer risk is the lowest among all the four kinds of cancer mentioned in thepassage?B Oral cancer.5According to the last paragraph, tissue‟s lower exposure to alcohol D reduces therisk of laryngeal cancer.Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school,:1.What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago,according to the first paragraph?D Female teachers' confidence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills.2.What is implied in the third paragraph?B A difficult subject like math may affect teachers' confidence in teaching the subject.3.According to the experiment,those teachers were probably anxious about math when they feltC uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.4.The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findingsA prove a strong link between female teachers' math anxiety and their female students' math achievements.5.David Geary thinks thatB the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.Renewable Energy SourcesToday petroleum provides around 40% of the world’s energy needs, mostly fuelling automobiles1. Coal is still used, mostly in power stations, to cover one-quarter of our energy needs, but it is the least1.What are the energy resources that are notrenewable according to the article? D A and B.2.China’s Three Gorges DamB is of the same size of the US’s Hoover Dam.3.Which is the country with the first commercialpower station that makes use of ocean currentsproduced by tides? B Norway.4.Which of the following statements is true ofwind power? D All of the above.5.According to the article, resources such as windB are renewable so sustainable.Ants have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"Research by the University of Exeter1 has revealed that ants have a big impact on their local1 .Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?C Because their activity affects the environment.2. As predators, ants A prey on small as well as large animals.3. Dir Sanders' study centered on how antsD produce such a big impact on the environment.4. What does paragraph 6 tell us?B Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.5. What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph?C How do human activities affect ants' influenceon a given ecosystem?Researchers Discover Why Humans BeganWalking UprightMost of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don’t question. But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences,have discovered1.Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs?A Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.2.Dr. Richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose of findingB what made our ancestors walk upright.3.Kyoto, University's study discovered that chimpanzees.C liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts.4.Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs during Kyoto University's experiment?D Because they wanted to carry more nuts with two free limbs.5.What can we infer from the reading passage?D Human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival.Chicken Soup for the Soul: Comfort Food Fights LonelinessMashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries.1 But according to a study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and 2 emotions.The study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel."For me 3 personally, food has always played a big role in my family,” says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study.The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel.It has 4 looked at non-human things that may affect human emotions.Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their 5 favorite TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones.Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect 6 by making peoplethink of their nearest and dearest. In one experiment, in order to make 7 participants feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them.Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then, some people in each 8 group wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food.9 Finally,the researchers had participants 10 complete questions about their levels of loneliness.Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely.But people who were generally 11 secure in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food."We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us."says Troisi."Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others."In 12 their essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the 13 experience of eating food with family and friends. In another experiment, 14 eating chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food.This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it. Throughout everyone’s daily lives they experience s tress, often associated with our 15 connections with others," Troisi says."Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneliness.Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities Cell phones are a danger on the road in more ways than one.1 The two new studies, lead-authored by Professor Peter D. Loeb D both A and C.2 According to the second paragraph, when did cell phones actually help to reduce pedestrian and traffic fatalities? B Before the number of cell phone users reached a critical mass3 What is said about cell phone use in paragraph 4?D The use of cell phones has a life-saving effect for pedestrians and drivers.4 What is said about cell phone use in themid-1980s in paragraph 5?A It had a life-taking effect because there weren't enough cell phones in use then.5 Which of the following statements DOES NOT answer the question(What caused the “life-saving effect”to occur in the early 1990s?)?B The number of cell phone users reached about 100 million.U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on MarsNASA1scientists said that Mars was covered once by vast lakes, flowing rivers and a variety of other wet environments that had the potential to support life. 1. What was discovered by NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander on Mars?C)Water in a soil sample.2. Why did the first two attempts to deliver samples fail?C)The samples got stuck inside the scoop.3. Which one of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?A)Scientists have been trying to break the ice-rich layers of soil on Mars.4. Where are the scientists involved in the research from?C)They are from both America and Canada.5. Which of the following do you think is the best description of Phoenix’s Surface Stereo Imager Camera, according to your understanding of the passage?A)It imitates human vision and is able to capture three-dimensional images.。

2014年《全国职称英语等级考试用书》---------第四部分阅读理解及答案翻译1-10篇

2014年《全国职称英语等级考试用书》---------第四部分阅读理解及答案翻译1-10篇

第一篇Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles (福特放弃电动汽车)译文:分析人士评论,福特汽车公司放弃电动汽车的举动有力地证明了这种技术是行不通的。

通用汽车公司和日本本田汽车公司早于1999年就停止了电池动力汽车的生产,转而开发燃料电池和电池内燃混合机,这对消费者更有吸引力。

福特宣布它现在也要做同样的尝试。

3年前,福特推出名为Think City的双排座汽车和Think或Think Neighbor系列高尔夫车,希望能销售5000辆汽车、10000高尔夫车。

但由于需求不足,截至2002年仅生产了大约1000辆汽车,售出的高尔夫车还不足1700辆。

“关键是我们认为电动车不能代表大众市场环保交通的未来”,福特欧洲区的Time Holmes于周五说,“我们感觉自己对电动车已做了最大努力的尝试。

”Think City系列的运行里程仅53英里,电池充电需要6小时。

通用公司的EVI电力车也仅能运行100英里。

昂贵的电池也意味着电动汽车的造价比汽油动力车高出许多。

日本丰田产的RAV4EV系列电动车在美国的售价达42,000美元,而同系列的汽油动力车仅售17000美元。

丰田和日产汽车公司是现在仅存的两大电动车制造商。

“应该说电池电动车已经获得了充分的机会。

福特现已转向电池内燃混合机开发项目,我们应据此评价他们的发展。

”Roger Higman,英国Friends of the Earth 组织的一位高级交通运输代表这样对《环保新闻》评论说。

日本本田和丰田公司推出的混合机汽车在过去几年取得了良好的销售业绩。

混合动力车比汽油机车运行里程更长,电池又可以自行充电。

福特表示,他们认为这样的机车有助于达到美国新制订的车辆排放规定。

不过,这些规定究竟允许怎样的排放物现在还不十分清楚。

六月份通用和戴姆勒克莱斯勒公司赢得一项法庭裁决,可推迟两年执行一项加州法令,该法令要求汽车生产商在2003年前向该州提供10万辆零排放和其他低排放汽车。

2014职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案

2014职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案

2014职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1Title: 2014 Vocational Title English Level A Exam Questions and AnswersIntroduction:The 2014 Vocational Title English Level A Exam is a comprehensive test for professionals in the science and technology fields. It covers a wide range of topics including mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, engineering, and other related subjects. In this article, we will provide some sample questions and answers from the 2014 exam to help you prepare for your own test.Sample Questions and Answers:1. MathematicsQuestion: Solve the following equation for x: 2x + 5 = 11Answer: x = 32. PhysicsQuestion: What is the formula for calculating velocity?Answer: Velocity = Distance/Time3. ChemistryQuestion: What is the chemical symbol for gold?Answer: Au4. BiologyQuestion: What is the process by which plants make their own food?Answer: Photosynthesis5. EngineeringQuestion: What is the function of a turbine in a power plant?Answer: To convert kinetic energy into mechanical powerConclusion:The 2014 Vocational Title English Level A Exam covers a wide range of topics related to science and technology. By practicing with sample questions like the ones provided in this article, you can better prepare yourself for the exam and increase your chances of passing. Good luck with your studies!篇22014职称英语理工类A级考试真题及答案Part I Vocabulary and Structure (30 points)1. It wasn't long ________ the damage was repaired.A. afterB. beforeC. sinceD. when答案: B. before2. A number of good schools have been set up there, and _______ has contributed greatly to the city's development.A. itB. thatC. whichD. what答案: A. it3. Please shut the door, ______ the noise will disturb others.A. butB. althoughC. otherwiseD. however答案: C. otherwise4. He wasn't satisfied with his work and made it _______ to his boss that he felt he should be doing something else.A. simpleB. sureC. clearD. certain答案: C. clear5. Gold rush days in California ______ the middle of the nineteenth century.A. back toB. lie inC. date fromD. go by答案: C. date from6. That they will win the game is by no means certain; actually, it is very ________.A. probableB. possibleC. likelyD. doubtful答案: D. doubtful7. We missed the early bus, and as a result we _______ 10 minutes for the next one.A. must to waitB. had waitC. waitedD. had to wait答案: D. had to wait8. The old lady urged her son to stop drinking and ________.A. so did the doctorB. so the doctor didC. so have the doctorD. so had the doctor答案: B. so did the doctor9. A _________ can describe a word, a phrase or a clause.A. sentenceB. functionC. phraseD. machine答案: B. function10. The boy wrote a ______ to Mr. Smith asking for his help.A. cardB. statementC. letterD. message答案: C. letter11. Early humans lived in small bands of people _______ they moved from place to place.A. whenB. whyC. thatD. where答案: C. that12. My mother ______ yesterday that she didn't like Chinese food.A. saysB. speakC. saidD. talks答案: C. said13. A _______ is something that you have to do or deal with that you dislike.A. decisionB. dutyC. jobD. work答案: B. duty14. The food got ______ when we arrived, so we decided to leave the restaurant.A. finishB. eatC. eatenD. finished答案: C. eaten15. The book is written in simple and clear language, _______ it easy for students to read and understand.A. what makesB. thus makingC. which makeD. so make答案: B. thus making16. The teacher told the students that they ________ study hard or they would fail the exam.A. mustB. mightC. needD. ought答案: A. must17. The man is polite and ____ harsh to people.A. areB. veryC. isD. being答案: C. is18. _______we have the equipment, we can start work immediately.A. UntilB. As soon asC. AfterD. If答案: B. As soon as19. The robbers tied the man to a tree for fear that he _______ try to escape.A. shouldB. mustC. willD. may答案: A. should20. She asked me if I _______ take my medicine, which I'd already done.A. neededB. needC. mustD. must to答案: B. need这是2014职称英语理工类A级考试的真题部分,相关详细内容请查阅真题答案。

2014职称英语理工A阅读理解(教材)

2014职称英语理工A阅读理解(教材)

A级—理工类第一部分阅读理解Black Holes Trigger Stars to Self-DestructScientists have long understood that super massive black holes weighing millions or billions of suns can tear apart stars that come too close. The black hole's gravity pulls harder on the nearest part of the star, an imbalance that pulls the star apart over a period of minutes or hours, once it gets close enough.Scientists say this uneven pulling is not the only hazard facing the star. The strain of these unbalanced forces can also trigger a nuclear explosion powerful enough to destroy the star from within. Matthieu Brassart and Jean-Pierre Luminet of the Observatoire de Paris in Meudon, France, carried out computer simulations of the final moments of such an unfortunate star's life, as it veered towards a super massive black hole.When the star gets close enough, the uneven forces flatten it into a pancake shape. Some previous studies had suggested this flattening would increase the density and temperature inside the star enough to trigger intense nuclear reactions that would tear it apart. But other studies had suggested that the picture would be complicated by shock waves generated during the flattening process and that no nuclear explosion should occur.The new simulations investigated the effects of shock waves in detail, and found that even when their effects are included, the conditions favor a nuclear explosion. "There will be an explosion of the star — it will be completely destroyed," Brassart says. Although the explosion obliterates the star, it saves some of the star's matter from being devoured by the black hole. The explosion is powerful enough to hurl much of the star's matter out of the black hole's reach, he says.The devouring of stars by black holes may already have been observed, although at a much later stage. It is thought that several months after the event that rips the star apart, its matter starts swirling into the hole itself. It heats up as it does so, releasing ultraviolet light and X-rays.If stars disrupted near black holes really do explode, then they could in principle allow these events to be detected at a much earlier stage, says Jules Halpern of ColumbiaUniversity in New York, US. "It may make it possible to see the disruption of that star immediately if it gets hot enough," he says.Brassart agrees. "Perhaps it can be observed in the X-rays and gamma rays, but it's something that needs to be more studied," he says. Supernova researcher Chris Fryer of the Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico, US , says the deaths of these stars are difficult to simulate, and he is not sure whether the researchers have proven their Case that they explode in the process.练习:1. Something destructive could happen to a star that gets too close to a black hole. Which ofthe following destructive statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?A The black hole could tear apart the star.B The black hole could trigger a nuclear explosion in the star.C The black hole could dwindle its size considerably,D The black hole could devour the star.2. According to the third paragraph, researchers differed from each other in the problem ofA whether nuclear reaction would occur.B whether the stars would increase its density and temperature.C whether shock waves would occur.D whether the uneven forces would flatten the stars.3. According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following is NOT true?A No nuclear explosion would be triggered inside the star.B The star would be destroyed completely.C Much of the star's matter thrown by the explosion would be beyond the black hole's reach.D The black hole would completely devour the star.4. What will happen several months after the explosion of the star?A The star's matter will move further away from by the black hole.B The black hole's matter will heat up.C The torn star's matter will swirl into the black hole.D The black hole's matter will release ultraviolet light and X-rays.5. According to the context, the word "disruption" in Paragraph: 6 meansA "Confusion. "B "Tearing apart."C "Interruption. "D "Flattening. "Too Little for Global WarmingOil and gas will run out1 too fast for doomsday global warming scenarios to materialize, according to a controversial new analysis presented this week at the University of Uppsala in Sweden. The authors warn that all the fuel will be burnt before there is enough carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to realize predictions of melting ice caps and searing temperatures. Defending their predictions, scientists from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change say they considered a range of estimates of oil and gas reserves, and point out that coal-burning could easily make up the shortfall. But all agree that burning coal would be even worse for the planet. The IPCC's predictions of global meltdown pushed forward the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, an agreement obliging signatory nations to cut CO2 emissions. The IPCC considered a range of future scenarios, from unlimited burning of fossil-fuels to a fast transition towards greener energy sources. But geologists Anders Sivertsson, Kjell Aleldett and Colin Campbell of UppsalaUniversity say there is not enough oil and gas left even the most conservative of the 40 IPCC scenarios to come to pass.Although estimates of oil and gas reserves vary widely, the researchers are part of a growing group of experts who believe that oil supplies will peak as soon as 2010, and gas soon after. Theiranalysis suggests that oil and gas reserves combined amount to the equivalent of about 3,500 billion barrels of oil considerably less than the 5,000 billion barrels estimated in the most optimistic model envisaged by the IPCC. Even the average forecast of about 8,000 billion barrels is more than twice the Swedish estimate of the world's remaining reserves.Nebojsa Nakicenovic, an energy economist at the University of Vienna, Austria who headed the 80-strong IPCC team that produced the forecasts, says the panel's work still stands. He says they factored in a much broader and internationally accepted range of oil and gas estimates than the "conservative" Swedes.Even if oil and gas run out, "there's a huge amount of coal underground that could be exploited", he says that burning coal could make the IPCC scenarios come true, but points out that such a switch would be disastrous. Coal is dirtier than oil and gas and produces more CO2 for each unit of energy, as well as releasing large amounts of particulates. He says the latest analysis is a "shot across the bows'' for policy makers.练习:1. What do the authors of the new analysis presented at the University of Uppsala intend to say?A) The burning of coal will accelerate the arrival of Earth's doomsday.B) The oil reserves are big enough to materialize the doomsday scenarios.C) Melting ice caps and searing temperatures exist only in science fiction.D) Oil and gas will run out so fast that Earth's doomsday will never materialize.2. Nations that signed the Kyoto Protocol agree toA) pay attention to global meltdown. B) cut CO2 emissions.C) use more green energy. D) stop using fossil fuels.3. What are the estimates of the world's oil and gas reserves?A) 4,000 billion barrels by the average forecast. B) 8,000 billion barrels estimated by the Swedes.C) 3,500 barrels envisaged by IPCC. D) 3,500 billion by a growing number of scientists.4. Which of the following about Nebojsa Nakicenovic is true?A) He thinks fossil fuels are as dirty as oil and gas.B) He thinks green fuels will replace oil and gas eventually.C) He thinks IPCC's view on the world's oil reserves is too optimistic.D) He thinks that IPCC's estimates are more optimistic than the Swedes.5. Which of the following is the near explanation of Nakicenovic's assertion that "... such a switchwould be disastrous ..."?A) The IPCC scenarios would come true because burning coal will emit larger amounts of CO2.B) A switch to burning coal would produce disastrous environmental problems.C) Oil and gas to replace coal as fuel would speed up the process of global warming.D) A switch from the IPCC scenarios to the policymakers' ones would be disastrous.U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on MarsNASA scientists said that Mars was covered once by vast lakes, flowing rivers and a variety of other wet environments that had the potential to support life.Laboratory tests aboard NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander have identified water in a soil sample. The lander's robotic arm delivered the sample Wednesday to an instrument that identifies vapors produced by the heating of samples."We have water," said William Boynton of the University of Arizona, lead scientist for the Thermal and Evolved-Gas Analyzer, or TEGA. "This is the first time Martian water has been touched and tasted."The robotic arm is a critical part of the Phoenix Mars mission. It is needed to trench into the icy layers of northern polar Mars and deliver samples to instruments that will analyze what Mars is made of, what its water is like, and whether it is or has ever been a possible habitat for life.The soil sample came from a trench approximately 2 inches deep. When the robotic arm first reached that depth, it hit a hard layer of frozen soil. Two attempts to deliver samples of icy soil on days when fresh material was exposed were foiled when the samples became stuck inside the scoop. Most of the material in Wednesday's sample had been exposed to the air for two days, letting some of the water in the sample vaporize away and making the soil easier to handle. "Mars is giving us some surprises," said Phoenix principal investigator Peter Smith of the University of Arizona. "We're excited because surprises are where discoveries come from. One surprise is how the soil is behaving. The ice-rich layers stick to the scoop when poised in the sun above the deck, different from what we expected, from all the Mars simulation testing we've done so far."Since landing on May 25, Phoenix has been studying soil with a chemistry lab, TEGA, a microscope, a conductivity probe and cameras. The science team is trying to determine whether the water ice ever thaws enough to be available for biology and if carbon-containing chemicals and other raw materials for life are present.The mission is examining the sky as well as the ground. A Canadian instrument is using a laser beam to study dust and clouds overhead."It's a 30-watt light bulb giving us a laser show on Mars," said Victoria Hipkin of the Canadian Space Agency.A full-circle, color panorama of Phoenix's surroundings also has been completed by the spacecraft. "The details and patterns we see in the ground show an ice-dominated terrain as far as the eye can see," said Mark Lemmon of TexasA & MUniversity, lead scientist for Phoenix's Surface Stereo Imager camera. "They help us plan measurements we're making within reach of the robotic arm and interpret those measurements on a wider scale."练习:1. What was discovered by NASA's Phoenix Mars Lander on Mars?A Vast lakes.B Flowing rivers.C Water in a soil sample.D Living things.2. Why did the first two attempts to deliver samples fail?A The sample vaporized away.B Fresh material was exposed to the air.C The samples got stuck inside the scoop.D The robotic arm hit a hard rock.3. Which one of the following statements is NOT meant by the writer?A Scientists have been trying to break the ice-rich layers of soil on Mars.B Scientists have been surprised by how the soil on Mars behaves.C Scientists have been trying to find out if there is life supporting material on Mars.D Scientists have been trying to know if water ice will melt.4. Where are the scientists involved in the research from?A They are from America.B They are from Canada.C They are from both America and Canada.D They are from neither America nor Canada.5. Which of the following do you think is the best description of Phoenix's Surface Stereo Imager camera, according to your understanding of the passage?A It imitates human vision and is able to capture three-dimensional images.B It imitates human voice and is able to record slight sounds while taking photos.C It takes clear photos that show every detail of the object.D It is this particular type of camera that can take wide angle pictures."Hidden" Species May Be Surprisingly Common Cryptic species — animals that appear identical but are genetically quite distant — may be much more widespread than previously thought. The findings could have major implications in areas ranging from biodiversity estimates and wildlife management, to our understanding of infectious diseases and evolution.Reports of cryptic species have increased dramatically over the past two decades with the advent of relatively inexpensive DNA sequencing technology. Markus Pfenninger and Klaus Schwenk, of the Goethe-Universitat in Frankfurt, Germany, analyzed all known data on cryptic animal species and discovered that they are found in equal proportions throughout all major branches of the animal kingdom and occur in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.Scientists had previously speculated that cryptic species were predominantly found in insects and reptiles, and were more likely to occur in tropical rather than temperate regions. “Species that are seemingly widespread and abundant could in reality be many different Cryptic species that have low populations and are highly endangered," says Pfenninger. Until the genetic information of all species in at least one taxon is thoroughly studied, no one will know just how many cryptic species exist, "It could be as high as 30%, Pfenninger says."I'm extremely surprised by their results," says Alex Smith of the University of Guelph in Ontario, Canada. "It's a call to arms to keep doing the broad kind of genetic studies that we are doing. "Sampling as many individuals as possible, scientists hope to complete. work on all fish and birds in another 5 to 10 years. Once either of these taxonomic groups is completed, Pfenninger says researchers will be able to decide how many cryptic species exist throughout the animal kingdom.Examples of cryptic species include the African elephant. A 2001 study found the elephants were actually two genetically distinct, non-interbreeding species, the African bush elephant and the African elephant. The species are currently listed as vulnerable and threatened, respectively, by the World Conservation Union (WCU).The reclassifications are more than an academic exercise. They define populations that have evolved independently of each other and whose genetic differences can have significant consequences.In the early 1900s misidentification of mosquito species based on morphology confused: attempts to control malaria in Europe. Ultimately, what was thought to be a single species was actually made up of six sibling species, only three of which transmitted the disease. "The basic unit in biology is always the species, and you have to know what you are dealing with," Pfenninger says. Much previous research is now no longer used, he Says, because it is not clear what species was being studied.练习:1. Which of the following about the significance of the research on cryptic species is NOT true?A The results of the research can help the development of many other research areas.B The results of the research can help the development of biodiversity estimates.C The results of the research can help our understanding of infectious disease evolution.D The results of the research can help our understanding of "survival of the fittest. "2. What was scientists' understanding of cryptic species?A They occurred in equal numbers in all biogeographical regions.B They were mostly found in insects and reptiles.C They were likely to be in tropical rather than temperate regions.D Both Band C.3. Do scientists know how many cryptic species exist?A Not yet.B Yes, they do.C They will know the answer in another one or two-years.D They will never know the answer.4. Which of the following about the African bush elephant and the African elephant is true?A The WCU are interbreeding those elephants.B They are interbreeding species.C They are two genetically distant species.D They depend on each other for survival.5. People were confused in their attempts to control malaria in Europe in the early 1900s.because scientistsA identified only one mosquito species instead of six species.B thought only three mosquito species transmitted disease.C thought there was only one mosquito species.D did not know what species was being studied.Thirsty in Karachi(卫生A)After two weeks in Karachi, I’m not sure whether to laugh or to cry. Either way, it involves water—or rather the lack of it.In Western Europe or the US, you only have to turn on the tap and you’ll see a jet of cold water, ready to drink, cook and bathe in, or wash the car. Turn o n the tap in Karachi and you’ll be lucky to fill a few buckets. Until 1947 the city was part of British India, whose engineers built and maintained a modest water supply network for the city’s 500,000 inhabitants. Today, Karachi is home to around 12 million people. Half of them live in slum townships, with little or no water through the mains. Even the rich half usually have to wait days before anything tickles through their pipes. And the coloured liquid that finally emerges is usually too contaminated to drink.Half usually have to wait days before anything tickles through their pipes. And the coloured liquid that finally emerges is usually too contaminated to drink.According to the state-owned Karachi Water and Sewerage Board, the city needs more than 2,500 million litres of water each day. The board currently supplies 1,650 million litres of which nearly 40 per cent is lost from leaks—and theft. Leaks are dime a dozen to water utilities the world over, but theft?Karachi’s unlikely water pirates turn o ut to be ordinary families struggling to get adequate supplies of one of life’s necessities. Stealing water takes many forms. The simplest is to buy a suction pump and get it attached to the water pipe that feeds your house from the mains. This should maximize your share of water every time the board switches on the supply. When the practice started 20 years ago, the pumps would be carefully hidden or disguised as garden ornaments. These days people hardly bother. The pumps are so widespread and water board inspectors so thin on the ground that when officials do confiscate a pump its owner simply buy a replacement.Insisting that people obey the law won’t work because most households have littlealternative but to steal. For its part, the Karachi Water and Sewerage Board says it would dearly like to make life easier, but finds itself mired in debt because most residents either won’t pay water charges or can’t afford to the Urban Resource Centre, a Karachi-based think tank, of the 1.2 million known consumers of water only 750,000 are billed, of whom just 163,000 actually pay for their supplies. The board makes a perpetual loss, and there is no money to improve the system or even plug the leaks. Worse, the board increasingly relies on international loans from institutions such as the Asian Development Bank, which only makes its debt worse.The joke is that the owners of the suction pumps end up with little—if any—extra water. Your house is in a line with 20 other households all tapping into one horizontal pipeline. All you can end up doing, given you have pumps of equal strength, is redistribute each other’s entitlement and pay higher electricity bills into the bargain.Back home in London, I’ll remember not to complain about the water meter, or the hosepipe ban.练习:1.According to the passage, people in Karachi today suffer from a short supply of water becauseA. the water supply network built in 1947 has stopped to function.B. the city has become much larger than before.C. old networks can not meet the need of the city’s greatly-increased population.D. other city is longer a part of British India.2. Now people in Karachi do not hide or disguise the suction pumps they use to steal water becauseA. the pumps are no longer wanted as garden ornaments.B. water supply board officials no longer confiscate them.C. it does not cost much money to buy a new one.D. many households have them and there are very few inspectors around to try to find them.3. Confronted with a severe shortage of water supply, the city’s Water and Sewerage BoardA. tries to improve the water supply system with borrowed money.B. is not making any effort to improve the situation.C. urges the consumers to obey the law.D. charges the consumers more for the water they use.4.Which of the following is true of the owners of the suction pumps, if their neighbors have equally powerful pumps as they do?A. They get some extra water.B. They only pay more for electricity.C. They share what they can get with their neighbors.D. They replace their pumps with new ones.5. Which of the following is true about the author when he is back home in London?A. He misses the days he spent in Karachi.B. He forgets the complaints he made in Karachi.C. He is content with the water supply in London.D. he complains about the water supply in London.。

2014理工阅读理解译文(全部33篇)

2014理工阅读理解译文(全部33篇)

2014职称英语(理工类)B级第四部分阅读理解【第一篇】Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles(福特放弃电动汽车)The Ford motor company’s abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of the road for the technology,analysts say.分析人士评论,福特汽车公司放弃电动汽车的举动有力地证明了这种技术是行不通的。

General Motors。

and Honda’ceased production of battery.powered cars in 1 999, to focus on fuel cell and hybrid electric gasoline engines, which are more attractive to the consumer.Ford has now announced it will do the same.通用汽车公司和日本本田汽车公司早于1999年就停止了电池动力汽车的生产,转而开发燃料电池和电池内燃混合机,这对消费者更有吸引力。

福特宣布它现在也要做同样的尝试。

Three years ago.the company introduced the Think City two—seater car and a golf cart called the THINK, or Think Neighbor.It hoped to sell 5,000 cars each year and 10,000 carts.But a lack of demand means only about l,000 of the cars have been produced,and less than 1。

700 carts have been sold so far in 2002.3年前,福特推出名为Think City的双排座汽车和Think或Think Neighbor系列高尔夫车.但由于需求不足。

2014职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案

2014职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案

2014职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案全文共6篇示例,供读者参考篇1The 2014 Big Test for Smart Grown-UpsHi there! My name is Lily and I'm 8 years old. Today I want to tell you all about the 2014 Big Test for Smart Grown-Ups that my mom took. It's a super important test for people who want to get a fancy job title called a "Professional Title" in science and engineering stuff. Pretty cool, huh?My mom studies really hard because she's super smart and wants to get an "A" grade on the test. She lets me look at her practice books sometimes, and boy is that test tricky! There are reading passages about science topics like energy and inventions that are full of big fancy words. Then there are questions asking what the passages mean and if the details are correct. I tried reading them but a lot of it went over my head!The writing section seems hard too. My mom practiced writing different kinds of letters, reports, and essays using proper language and organization. One time she wrote about scientific research methods like experiments and data analysis. Anothertime it was about green energy solutions. It all looked very professional and grown-up to me!But you know what I did understand? The listening section! The test has recordings of conversations and talks that you have to listen to and answer questions about. My mom played some practice recordings for me and I was pretty good at figuring out what they were saying and the details they mentioned. I guess having kid-sized ears gives me an advantage there!My favorite part was looking at the practice speaking questions. The test has a part where you have to give spoken responses about different topics, like describing a process or speculating about situations. My mom would practice by pretending I was the test scorer. I'd ask her funny questions like "How do rockets work?" or "What would you invent to make chores easier?" Then mom would give these big serious answers using all the right vocabulary and explanations. We'd both end up cracking up!When test day came, my mom put on her nicest suit and headed out first thing in the morning. She said the reading section wasn't too bad, but some of the passages really made her brain hurt. The writing tasks were okay since she practiced a lot, but she ran out of time at the end. For listening, she said therecordings were pretty clear and she felt confident about most of her answers. And for the speaking, mom said she tried to project her voice and organize her thoughts like they taught in prep class. Phew, what a brain workout!A few weeks later, the results finally came out. My mom jumped for joy when she saw she got an "A" grade! She called everyone to celebrate her "Professional Title" accomplishment. I was SO proud of her for acing that big grown-up test.To reward mom, we went out for a special dinner of...chicken nuggets! Hey, even brilliant minds need kid food sometimes. We'll leave the fancy molecular gastronomy to the chefs with professional titles. For now, give me some ketchup with those nuggets!So that's the inside scoop on the 2014 Big Test for Smart Grown-Ups, or as they call it, the Professional Title English Test for Science and Engineering Level A. It sounded incredibly hard, but with lots of practice and determination, my super mom knocked it out of the park! Maybe I'll be taking it myself one day when I'm all grown up. But for now, let me be kid and leave the tough tests to the adults. Thanks for reading!篇2The 2014 Science and Engineering English TestHello everyone! My name is Timmy and I'm going to tell you all about the big English test I had to take this year. It was super hard, but I tried my best!The test started off with a reading comprehension section. We had to read some passages and then answer questions about them. The first passage was about how airplanes fly. It explained about lift and drag and all the awesome physics stuff that keeps planes in the air. Then we had to answer 10 questions like:What forces act on an airplane during flight?Lift and dragWhat provides the lift force?The wings pushing air downwardsWhy is drag a problem for airplanes?It slows them down and makes them use more fuelThe next reading passage was about renewable energy sources like solar and wind power. It talked about the benefits of using clean energies that don't pollute the environment. The questions were stuff like:Name three renewable energy sources.Solar, wind, hydroelectricWhat is an advantage of renewable energy over fossil fuels?It doesn't produce greenhouse gas emissionsAfter the reading, we had to do a listening section where we heard lectures and conversations and answered questions. One was a professor explaining the principles of electric circuits. He used diagrams and everything! The questions asked things like:What is the unit of electric current?AmperesIf two resistors are in parallel, what happens to the total resistance?It decreasesMan, that electricity stuff is complicated! The next listening was a dialogue between two students talking about their engineering internships. They were discussing things like:What type of engineering was the internship for?Mechanical engineeringWhat tasks did the intern have to do?Create CAD models, attend project meetingsThen came the writing section, which was brutal! We had to write a letter to a company applying for an internship position. We had to describe our qualifications, skills, interests and experience. We also had to explain why we were a good fit for the job. Whew, my hand got so tired from all that writing!The last part was speaking, where we had to answer questions from the test graders. They asked me all kinds of things about science, math, technology and my interests. Like:Describe the scientific method.Make an observation, form a hypothesis, test it with an experiment, analyze the dataWhat are you interested in studying in university?Probably computer science or electrical engineeringWhat are some important skills for an engineer?Problem solving, teamwork, communicationOverall, it was a really tough test, but I felt pretty good about how I did. I had studied a ton and tried to prepare as best I could. Hopefully I did well enough to get a high score!Well, that was my experience with the big English test. It covered so many different areas of science and engineering. Reading, listening, writing, speaking - we had to do it all! I'm just glad it's over now and I can relax. Let me know if you have any other questions!篇3The Super Awesome Science Exam!Hi there! My name is Timmy and I'm in 5th grade. Today I had to take a really hard test called the "Professional Title English Exam for Science and Engineering!" It was sooooo long and had lots of big words that I didn't understand. But I'll do my best to tell you about it!The first section was all about reading. There was this really long passage about black holes and how they form in space when a huge star runs out of fuel and collapses in on itself. Its gravity gets so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape from it! Crazy stuff. The questions asked things like what the main idea was, what certain words meant, and whether some statements were true or false according to the passage. I had to read it like three times before I kind of got what it was talking about.Then there were more reading passages, but on different science topics like chemical reactions, electromagnetic waves, and the formation of mountains and valleys. So many big words! I'm just a kid, how am I supposed to know all this stuff? The questions were pretty similar though - finding the main ideas, defining vocabulary, and identifying true or false statements.After the reading section, there were some listening comprehension questions. They played audio clips of scientists talking about their research and we had to answer multiple choice questions about the main points they made. One was about using algae to produce biofuels as an alternative to gasoline. Another was about building super tall skyscrapers that can withstand really strong winds. I had a hard time focusing and tuned out a few times during the recordings. Listening while bubbling in answers is tough!The writing section was up next. We had to read a short paragraph about nanotechnology and its potential impacts, and then write a essay stating our own thoughts on the pros and cons of such a powerful technology. I wrote about how nanotechnology could be used to make awesome tiny robots that could go inside people's bodies and fix them from the inside! But I also said it might be dangerous if nanorobots could getprogrammed to hurt people in scary ways. I tried using lots of scientific vocabulary like "innovative" and "revolutionize."Finally, there was a small section on translating sentences back and forth between English and Chinese. This part wasn't too bad since I'm pretty good at both languages. Some of the sentences were about scientific concepts though, so I had to think really hard to make sure I was translating them correctly.Phew! I'm exhausted just thinking about how tough that test was. I really hope I did ok on it, but a lot of it was way over my head to be honest. I'll have to study a lot harder if I want to become a scientist or engineer when I grow up! Let me know if you have any other questions about the exam. Thanks for reading, gotta go play some video games to relax now!篇4My Day at the Science FairHello friends! My name is Timmy and I'm going to tell you all about the super fun Science Fair I went to last weekend. It was the biggest event I've ever been to full of crazy experiments and cool inventions. I learned so many new things!First up, I saw this table with all kinds of liquids in bottles and test tubes. The bottles had fun colors like red, blue, and green. The scientists there were mixing different liquids together and writing stuff down on their clipboards. One time they mixed two clear liquids and it turned bright purple! That was awesome. They said it was a "chemical reaction." I don't know exactly what that means but it looked really neat.Next I went over to the room with all the robots. There were so many! Big ones, little ones, some that could walk and some that just rolled around. My favorite was this little guy that could pick things up with his robot arm. The scientist working on him would give him commands and he would listen just like a real person! They called him an "android." I tried to pet him but the scientist said I shouldn't touch him. Darn!Then I wandered into the physics section. There were ramps and tracks set up all over the place with balls and cars rolling down them. The scientists there were doing "experiments" to learn about motion and gravity and stuff. One experiment had this big metal sphere swinging back and forth on a rope. When it reached the bottom, it would almost hit this wooden block but stop just before crashing into it! That one made me jump everytime. The scientist called it a "pendulum" but I just thought it was crazy.Another cool area had all sorts of circuits and batteries hooked up. By flipping switches and connecting wires, you could light up little bulbs or make fans spin around. I spent a long time there just playing with all the knobs and dials. I tried to take one of the batteries home to power my Game Boy but the scientist stopped me. No fun!The best part was the outdoor area with rockets and plants and animals. One group had planted all these vegetables in different kinds of soil. They were seeing which dirt made the plants grow biggest and strongest. Another group had built these tiny rockets out of plastic bottles and shot them straight up in the air using just air pressure! It was so loud when they launched but awesome to watch them zoom upwards.Around the plants, there were also terrariums with little frogs and lizards hopping around inside. I got to hold one of the frogs - he was so small and slimy! Then I saw this enormous snake behind some glass. When I got close, he rose up and started hissing at me. Totally freaked me out! The scientist there said he was a "python" and could squeeze me to death. No thanks, I'll pass on that!Phew, we did so much at this Science Fair. I hadn't even realized but by the end of the day, I had learned all about chemistry, robotics, physics, engineering, biology, and more! Science is super cool when you get to experience it up close like that. Now I want to grow up to be a scientist too so I can blow things up and play with animals all day. Well, maybe not the snakes...ok, I'm getting tired of writing now. Bye friends!篇5The Big English Test for Smart Grown-UpsDid you know that some grown-ups have to take big tests too? It's true! Just like when you have spelling tests or math quizzes at school, grown-ups who work as scientists, engineers, and other really smart jobs have to take tests to show how good they are at English.One of these tests is called the Professional Title English Test for Science and Engineering. It's a very long name, but you can just call it the "Big English Test" for short. In 2014, a lot of grown-ups had to take this Big English Test. It was super hard, with all kinds of confusing questions about reading, writing, and listening to English.For the reading part, the grown-ups had to read some really long and boring articles. They were all about science and technology stuff that would probably make your head spin! Things like "integrated circuit design" and "thermal radiation models" – whatever those are! The grown-ups had to read through all that complicated nonsense and answer questions about what it meant. Yikes!The writing section was no walk in the park either. The grown-ups had to write a huge essay about some expert topic, using all the right words and grammar. Can you imagine having to write a essay that's pages and pages long, all about something like "the environmental impact of lithium-ion battery production"? No thanks! That sounds like a total snoozefest.But the worst part might have been the listening section. The grown-ups had to listen to some people giving long, boring lectures about scientific concepts and junk. While they listened, they had to take notes and answer questions about what was said. If you ask me, that sounds like torture! Having to sit still and pay attention to some droning lecturer going on and on about "electromagnetic wave propagation" or whatever? I'd rather listen to nails on a chalkboard!Despite how insanely difficult this Big English Test was, I bet there were some grown-ups who actually enjoyed the challenge. Maybe they're just weird like that. But for most normal people, it probably felt like getting a gigantic brain freeze from thinking too hard!When it was all over, I'm sure the grown-ups were completely exhausted. They likely went home, flopped down on the couch, and took a well-deserved nap. Either that, or they went straight for the ice cream to numb the pain in their heads from dealing with all that crazy science English mumbo-jumbo!In the end, some of the grown-ups passed the Big English Test, while others... well, let's just say they might need to study a little harder next time. The ones who passed got extra credits and fancy titles to put on their office doors or whatever. The ones who failed probably had to go take the test again the following year. How awful!So the next time your parents or teachers get all worked up about you having to take a spelling quiz or some other test at school, just remind them: at least you don't have to take the Professional Title English Test for Science and Engineering! Now that's a real nightmare. I'll take a simple multiplication test any day over that linguistic torture chamber!Just be glad you're a kid, and you don't have to worry about all that complicated grown-up nonsense. Not yet, anyway. For now, you can just kick back, relax, and be happy that the biggest test you have to take is probably the Scholastic Book Fair's "Who Can Read The Most Books This Summer?" contest. Now that's a competition I can get behind!篇6My Big English Test for Science and MathHi! My name is Timmy and I'm in 5th grade. A few weeks ago, I had to take a really big English test all about science and math stuff. It was for grown-ups who want to get a special title at their jobs, but I got to take it too since I'm super smart. Let me tell you all about it!The test was super long with lots of different sections. The first part had us read some passages and answer questions about them. Here's one of the reading passages:Climate Change and Global WarmingThe Earth's climate has gone through many natural changes over millions of years due to factors like variations in the Earth's orbit and volcanic activity releasing greenhouse gases. However,most scientists agree that the current period of climate change and global warming is being significantly accelerated by human activities that release additional greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.One of the main greenhouse gases is carbon dioxide (CO2). Since the Industrial Revolution in the 18th century, humans have been burning fossil fuels like coal, oil and gas for energy, releasing large amounts of CO2 into the air. Deforestation has also reduced the number of trees that can absorb CO2. The increased levels of CO2 and other greenhouse gases trap more of the sun's heat in the Earth's atmosphere, causing global temperatures to rise.Some of the major impacts of global warming include rising sea levels, shrinking glaciers, changes in weather patterns, loss of biodiversity, and more extreme weather events like hurricanes, droughts and heat waves. Though climate change is a complex issue, most experts recommend reducing fossil fuel use and increasing energy efficiency to lower greenhouse gas emissions.After reading this, we had to answer some comprehension questions like:According to the passage, what are two main causes of climate change?A) Burning fossil fuels and deforestationB) Volcanic eruptions and cow fartsC) The Earth's orbit and sun spotsD) Acid rain and the ozone holeThe right answer is A - burning fossil fuels and deforestation are listed as two major human-caused sources of greenhouse gas emissions driving climate change.What is one impact of global warming mentioned in the passage?A) The common cold will be curedB) Rising sea levelsC) Cats and dogs living togetherD) Sprinklers will no longer be neededHere the correct answer is B - rising sea levels is listed as one of the impacts of global warming.Then there was a section testing our vocabulary, like deciding if given words had a positive, negative, or neutral meaning. That part was pretty easy for a genius like me.The hardest section was the writing part where we had to write a few different passages using scientific and technical terms. One question asked us to describe the process of aluminum smelting using words like oxides, electrolysis, molten, anodes, and cathodes. Here's what I wrote:The primary method of producing aluminum metal is through the smelting process. First, a dry aluminum oxide powder called alumina is dissolved in a molten salt bath kept at extremely high temperatures around 950°C. An powerful electric current is then passed through the molten solution, which causes electrolysis to occur.At the carbon anodes, oxygen is released from the alumina's oxide ions and vents away as gas. Meanwhile the free aluminum ions deposit at the cathodes, forming molten aluminum metal that collects at the bottom and can be siphoned off and cast into various shapes.I definitely got an A+ on that one! The graders probably thought they accidentally let a scientist into the exam room.There was also a big math section testing everything from algebra and geometry to statistics and calculus. One of the questions gave us some measurements and asked us to calculatethe volume of an object using the formula for the volume of a cylinder: V = πr^2hThe measurements were:Radius (r) = 12 cmHeight (h) = 28 cmSo we plug those values into the formula:V = π(12 cm)^2 (28 cm)= π(144 cm^2)(28 cm)= 12,672π cm^3Then we put that into our calculator and get the volume is about 39,788 cubic cm! The graders were probably very impressed with my math skills.Overall, it was a pretty tough test, but I'm pretty sure I aced it.I can't wait to get the results back so I can add "Professional Science Communicator" to my resume, right next to my certifications as a Jumpoline Tester and Key Lime Pie Eating Champion. Take that, all you grown-ups! This 5th grader is coming for your jobs!。

2014年全国职称英语考试教材阅读理解电子版--含译文、题型分析

2014年全国职称英语考试教材阅读理解电子版--含译文、题型分析

第一篇 (2102.2013.2014)Telling Tales about PeopleOne of the most common types of nonfiction, and one that many people enjoy reading, is stories about people's lives. These stories fall into three general categories: autobiography, memoir, and biography.An autobiography is the story of a person's life written by himself or herself. Often it begins with the person's earliest recollections and ends in the present. Autobiography writers may not be entirely objective in the way they present themselves. However, they offer the reader a good look at the way they are and what makes them that way. People as diverse as Benjarmin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 1Other writers, such as James Joyce,have written thinly fictionalized accounts of their lives. These are not autobiographies,but they are very close to it.Memoirs, strictly speaking, are autobiographical accounts that focus as much on the events of the times as on the life of the author. 2Memoir writers typically use these events as backdrops for their lives. They describe them in detail and discuss their importance. Recently,though,the term memoir seems to be becoming interchangeab1e with autobiography. A memoir nowadays may or may not deal with the outside world.Biographies are factual accounts of someone else's life. In many senses,these may be the hardest of the three types to write. Autobiography writers know the events they write about because they lived them. But biography writers have to gather information from as many different sources as possible. Then they have to decide which facts to include. Their goal is to present a balanced picture of a person,not one that is overly positive or too critical. A fair well-presented biography may take years to research and write.词汇:backdrop /'b k,dr?p/ n. 背景interchangeable /int? 't?end??bl/ adj. 可转换的注释:1. People as diverse as Benjamin Franklin and Helen Keller have written autobiographies. 就像本杰明富兰克林和海伦凯勒一样,各种各样的人们已经写了自传。

2014职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案

2014职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案

2014职称英语理工类a级考试真题及答案全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1Title: 2014 Professional English Level A Exam for Science and Engineering Majors: Questions and AnswersIntroduction:The Professional English Level A exam is an essential assessment for science and engineering professionals to demonstrate their English language proficiency. In 2014, the exam consisted of a variety of challenging questions designed to test the candidates' comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar skills. In this document, we will present a selection of questions from the 2014 exam along with the correct answers.Section 1: Reading ComprehensionQuestion 1: Read the following passage and answer the questions below.The passage discusses the importance of renewable energy sources in combating climate change. It highlights the benefitsof solar and wind power in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and dependence on fossil fuels.Question 2: Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?a) Renewable energy sources are not effective in reducing greenhouse gas emissions.b) Solar and wind power are examples of renewable energy sources.c) Fossil fuels are the best option for addressing climate change.d) Greenhouse gas emissions have no impact on the environment.Correct answer: b) Solar and wind power are examples of renewable energy sources.Section 2: VocabularyQuestion 1: Choose the synonym for the word "efficient."a) wastefulb) effectivec) unreliabled) lazyCorrect answer: b) effectiveQuestion 2: What is the opposite of the word "expand"?a) decreaseb) growc) developd) extendCorrect answer: a) decreaseSection 3: GrammarQuestion 1: Identify the error(s) in the following sentence:"The team are working together to complete the project on time."Correct answer: The error is in subject-verb agreement. The correct sentence should be: "The team is working together to complete the project on time."Question 2: Choose the correct tense for the following sentence:She ________(study) abroad last year.a) have studiedb) studiedc) studiesd) will studyCorrect answer: b) studiedConclusion:The 2014 Professional English Level A exam for science and engineering majors featured a range of challenging questions that tested candidates' reading comprehension, vocabulary, and grammar skills. By practicing with sample questions like the ones provided in this document, candidates can improve their English language proficiency and increase their chances of success on the exam. Good luck!篇22014职称英语理工类A级考试真题及答案Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:The United States fund market represents more than one quarter of the world total fund assets. The US interested in new varieties of shares or government bonds that enable investors to share in profits or in investments. Different investment methods have different risks and profits. Those who invest in shares may get a high profit, but on the other hand the risks are also very high. This means that some investors can lose great amounts if the shares go down in value.In the United States the government also supports investors by giving tax credits. The payments on fund interest up to a certain amount are not taxed. It's necessary to use a securities broker to buy and sell shares. The broker works for a security company or a bank. Some people buy shares directly from the company that sells them. This is called a private purchase.1. What idea does passage 1 mainly convey?A. The United States fund market is the world's biggest.B. The purchasing and selling of shares are guaranteed by the US government.C. The United States fund market has high profits and shares assure not taxed profits.D. Shares and bonds are not the only categories in fund investments.2. The US government supports investors by giving tax credits in the form ofA. shares.B. funds.C. profits.D. interests.3. People who buy shares directly from the company are makingA. a private purchase.B. an interested decision.C. an essential risk.D. a financial achievement.4. What is the main disadvantage of investing in shares in the United States?A. The need to invest huge amounts.B. The risks may prevent high profits.C. The share interests are already taxed.D. The securities brokers charge high prices.5. According to the passage, returns on investing in shares includeA. higher profits.B. tax deductions.C. broker discounts.D. government securities.Part II Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Directions: There are ten incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence.6. Her main interests are in personal computers and ______.A. softwareB. instead ofC. largeD. stations7. The institute advertised in the newspaper for a _______.A. working womanB. workmanC. clerk for workD. woman worker8. He arrived at the airport ______ then the plane left.A. untilB. everC. hardD. hardly9. I joined a club to share my _______ with other people.A. interestB. viewC. experiencingD. scene10. The professor is buried in his _______.A. language breakdownB. code wordsC. law booksD. elementary coursePart III Cloze (20%)Directions: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Mankind knew that the earth was round. The fact that the world is round has been _______11_________ since the time of ancient Greece. China was _____12_____ of the last countries to realize this fact. A Chinese navigator _______13______ his crew sailed to the Western Regions in the ______14______ and discovered the world was indeed round and not _____15_____ as had been previously thought.During the European Renaissance, rediscovery of this fact was made by a European ______16______. He advanced his hypothesis ______17______ examining the rising and setting of thesun. His sharp observation was based on scientific study, on historical records and _____18_____ that the world was a sphere. He ______19______ arranged a voyage around the world. He traveled _____20______ the sea from Western Europe, passed through the Strait of Magellan, and finally arrived in the Pacific Ocean. This journey _____21______ the fact that the world is round. In this way an old belief was corrected and a misconception cleared up.Who was this world renowned navigator? You've guessed correctly, it was none other than ChristopherColumbus____22____ put this viewpoint into practice.11. A. consideredB. thoughtC. knownD. decided12. A. singleB. oneC. firstD. only13. A. allB. combineC. along withD. or14. A. seaB. skyC. windD. ocean15. A. flatB. aroundC. straightD. lane16. A. whoB. whichC. whatD. that17. A. byB. throughC. forD. with18. A. a true discoveryB. by convictionC. factD. informed19. A. eagerlyB. hurriedlyC. sharplyD. thinked20. A. onB. overC. acrossD. through21. A. clarifiedB. understoodC. spelledD. proved22. A. whoB. thereforeC. butD. wasPart IV Translation (10%)Directions: Translate the following passage into English.百度成立于2000年,是全球最大的中文搜索引擎。

2014年职称英语(理工类)50篇阅读理解答案总结背诵包括翻译

2014年职称英语(理工类)50篇阅读理解答案总结背诵包括翻译

2014年职称英语(理工类)阅读理解中英文背诵模板含翻译第一篇 Ford Abandons Electric Vehicles第二篇 World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier Than Some Predict 文章名称问题答案World CrudeOil Production May Peak aDecade Earlier Than Some Predict 2.World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier ThanSome Predict (理C)1)Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "sparked"appearing in paragraph 2?2)The term "a bell shaped curve" appearing in paragraph 2indicates that global oil production will3)Which of the following is NOT true of the Hubbert model?4)What is the major achievement of the new study mentioned in thelast paragraph?5)Who develop the new version of the Hubbert mode!?2.World Crude Oil Production May Peak a Decade Earlier ThanSome Predict (理C)1)stimulated2)start to decline after global oil production peaks.3)It provides a very realistic and accurate oil production.4)It predicts global oil production will peak in 2014..5)Kuwaiti scientists.世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值2.世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值(理C)①下列__________和第二段中的点燃的意思最接近。

2014职称英语理工类A级新增文章含译文

2014职称英语理工类A级新增文章含译文

2012年职称英语理工类新增A级文章篇目阅读理解(2篇)+四+五篇Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety+四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"完形填空(2篇)+十三篇Solar Power without Solar Cells+第十五篇“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage注:1、+表示A级文章;*表示B即文章;其他为C级文章;2、完形填空请参见第#页;第四+五篇Small But Wise小而聪明On December 14,NASA1 blasted a small but mighty telescope into space. The telescope is 12月14日,美国国家航空航天局发射了一个体积小而威力大的望远镜,它的名字叫“WISE”(聪明)called WISE and is about as wide around as a trashcan. Don't let its small size fool you:WISE has 大约只有一个垃圾盒子那么宽。

你可千万不要轻视这个小东西,WISE可是一款高强数码相机a powerful digital camera, and it will be taking pictures of some the wildest objects2 in the known 它将在人类已知的宇宙里拍摄任何你所universe,including asteroids,faint stars,blazing galaxies3 and giant clouds of dust where planets 能想到的天体,包括小行星、那些只能看到微弱的光和因燃烧而无法观察到的天and stars are born.体,以及自行星和恒星诞生以来的巨大尘埃云"I'm very excited because we're going to be seeing parts of the universe that we haven't seen Ned Wright是主持WISE项目的科学家他说:“我十分兴奋,因为我们就before,"said Ned Wright, a scientist who directs the WISE project.要看到以前从未看到过的那部分宇宙”。

2014职称英语-阅读理解含译

2014职称英语-阅读理解含译

2014职称英语-阅读理解含译1. A Sun shade for the Planet地球防晒霜Even with the best will in t, he world, reducing our carbon emissions is not going to prevent global warming.It has become clear that even if we take the most strong measures to control emissions,the uncertainties in Our climate modelsstill leave open the possibility of extreme warming and rises in sea level. Atthe same time, resistance by governments and special interest groups makes it quite possible that the actions suggested by climate scientists might not be implemented soon enough.就算怀着最美好的愿望,仅仅减少⼆氧化碳的排放量还是不能制⽌全球变暖。

很明显,即便采取最强硬的措施来控制排放,⽓候的变化⽆常仍能导致极速变暖和海平⾯上升。

另⼀⽅⾯,受到政府和特殊利益群体的阻挠,⽓候学家往往不能将措施很快实施彻底。

Fortunately, if the worst comes to the worst, scientists still have a few tricks up their sleeves. For the most part they have strongly resisted discussing theseoptionsforfearofinvitingasenseofcomplacencythatmightthwart effortstotackletherootoftheproblem.Untilnow,thatis.Agrowingnumber of researchers are taking a fresh look at large-scale "geoengineering" projects that might be used to counteract global warming. "I use the analogy of methadone,"saysStephenSchneider,aclimateresearcheratStanfordUniversity inCaliforniawhowasamongthefirsttodrawattentiontoglobalwarming."If you have a heroin addict, the correct treatment is hospitalization, and a long rehab. But if they absolutely refuse, methadone is better than heroin."幸好,如果被逼上绝路,科学家们还有最后⼏招。

2014职称英语理工A级真题及答案

2014职称英语理工A级真题及答案

第1部分词汇选项下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线,请为每处划线部分确定一个意义最为接近的选项。

1. This was disaster on cosmic scale.A. modestmercialC.hugeD.national2. New secretaries came and went with monotonous regularity.A.amazingB.depressingC.predictableD.dull3. A person’s wealth is often in i nverse proportion to their happiness.A.equalB.certainrgeD.oppoite4. His professional career spanned 16 years.A.startedB.changedstedD.moved5. The symptoms of the disease manifested themselves ten days later.A.easedB.improvedC.relievedD.appeared6. The group does not advocate the use of violence.A.limitB.supportC.regulateD.oppose7. She felt that she had done her good deed for the day.A.actB.homeworkC.justiceD.model8. Some of the larger birds can remain stationary in the air for several minutes.A.motionlessB.silentC.seatedD.true9. There was an inclination to treat geography as a less important subject.A.pointB.resultC.findingD.tendency10. His stomach felt hollow with fear.A.sincereB.respectfulC.emptyD.terrible11. The committee was asked to render a report on the housing situation.A.copyB.publishC.summarizeD.furnish12. That uniform makes the guards look absurd.A.seriousB.beautifulC.impressiveD.ridiculous13. The department deferred the decision for six months.A.put offB.arrived atC.abided byD.protested against14. The original experiment cannot be exactly duplicated.A.inventedB.reproducedC.designedD.reported15. The country was torn apart by strife.A.conflictB.povertyC.warD.economy第2部分阅读判断下面的短文列出了7个句子请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断:如果该句提到的是正确信息,请选择A;如果该句提供的信息是错误的,请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及,请选择C。

2014年职称英语A级理工阅读理解译文

2014年职称英语A级理工阅读理解译文

2014A级理工阅读理解译文目录目录第三十四篇病毒电池 ......................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

第三十五篇植物效能 ......................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

第三十六篇听觉仪器提供早期山崩预警 ......................................... 错误!未定义书签。

第三十七篇“不要在就餐时间以外饮酒”有了新含义...................... 错误!未定义书签。

第三十八篇"Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan土卫六上发现了生命迹象错误!未定义书签。

第三十九篇克隆农场 ......................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

第四十篇教数学,教焦虑 ............................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

第四十一篇全球变暖“缺油”.............................................................. 错误!未定义书签。

第四十二篇可再生能源 ..................................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

第四十四篇捍卫进化论仍必要 ......................................................... 错误!未定义书签。

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(四)阅读理解50篇N0.1 福特放弃电动汽车1、分析人士评论,福特汽车公司放弃电动汽车的举动有力地证明了这种技术是行不通的。

2、通用汽车公司和日本本田汽车公司早于1999年就停止了电池动力汽车的生产,转而开发燃料电池和电池内燃混合机,这对消费者更有吸引力。

福特宣布它现在也要做同样的尝试。

3、三年前,福特推出名为Think City 的双排座汽车和Think或Think Neighbor系列高尔夫车。

希望每年卖出5000-10000辆。

但由于需求不足。

截至2002年仅生产了1000辆汽车,售出1700辆高尔夫车。

4、“关键是我们认为电动车不能代表大众市场环保交通的未来”,福特欧洲区的Timholmes于周五说,”我们感觉自己对电力车已做了最好的尝试。

“5、Think City系列的运行里程仅53英里,电池充电需6小时。

通用公司的EVI电力车也仅能运行100英里。

6、昂贵的电池意味着电动汽车的造价是汽油动力车的两倍多。

日本丰田产的RA V4EV系列电动车在美国的售价达42000美元,而同系列的汽油动力车仅售17000美元。

丰田和日产汽车公司是现在仅存的两大电动车制造商。

7、“应该说电池动力车已经获得了充分的机会。

福特现已转向电池内燃混合机开发项目,我们应据此评价他们的发展。

”Roger Higman, 英国Friengs of the Earth组织的一位高级交通运动代表这样对《环保新闻》评论说。

8、日本本田和丰田公司推出的混合机汽车在过去几年取得了良好的销售业绩。

混合动力车运行里程更长,电池又可自行充电。

福特表示,他们认为这样的机车有助于达到美国新制定的车辆排放规定。

9、不过,这些规定究竟允许怎样的排放物现在还不十分清楚。

六月份通用和戴姆勒克莱斯勒公司赢得一项法庭裁决,可推迟两年执行一项加州法令,该法令要求汽车生产商在2003年前向该州提供10万辆零排放和其他低排放汽车。

制造商希望修改此法令,允许他们生产更多低排放而不是零排放的汽车。

N0.2 世界原油产量可能提前十年达到峰值1、科威特科学家预测世界常规原油产量将在2014年达到峰值,这一发现可能会促进储存石油的努力,这一预测比其他预测提前了将近十年,已经发表在美国化学学会《能量与燃料》杂志上。

2、伊布赫姆。

纳夏威和同事们指出,全球石油消耗的快速增长使人们对“石油峰值”预测的兴趣越来越浓。

“石油峰值”指的是石油产量达到最大值后开始下降的时间点。

科学家已经构建了几个模型来预测这一时间,有些模型认为这一时间在2020年或更晚。

其中最著名的预测模型之一是赫伯特模型。

赫伯特模型认为世界石油产量呈钟形曲线,与此相关的概念是“石油峰值”。

这一术语指的是世界石油产量达到峰值的那一刻,之后将呈现无法逆转的下降趋势。

3、赫伯特模型精确地预测到美国石油产量与1970年峰值。

这一模型从此受到欢迎,已经用于预测世界石油生产。

4、但是,最近研究表明,这一模型不足以解释某些国家更加复杂的石油生产周期。

科学家称,这些生产周期受到技术变化、政策和其他因素的很大影响。

5、最近研究描述了赫伯特模型的新版本,提供了更加实际、更加准确的石油生产预测。

科学家使用新模型评估了47个主要产油国家的石油生产趋势,这47个国家是世界常规原油的主要提供者。

科学家预计全球常规原油产量将于2014年达到峰值,比之前预计的要早很多年。

科学家还指出,世界石油储量正在以2.1%的速度逐年减少,他们认为新模型会帮助做出与能源相关的决定,帮助进行国家政策辩论。

N0.3 公民科学家1、理解大自然对气候变化有怎样的反应需要监视世界各个角落的关键生命周期事件——花开、叶子的出现,第一只青蛙叫出春天的到来。

但是生态学家不可能去到世界的各个角落,所以他们向非科学家求助,这些科学家有时也被称作公民科学家。

2、气象科学家不可能足迹遍及天下。

因为在世界上有如此多的地方,没有足够的科学家来观察它们。

所以他们请求你来帮助观察全世界气候变化的迹象。

公民科学家运动鼓励普通人根据自己的兴趣来观察某一个特定的方面——鸟儿、树木、花开等等——并把他们的观察结果发送到一个巨大的数据库来供专业科学家研究。

这有助于数量有限的科学家得到如果只靠他们自己根本收集不到的巨大数据。

所需要的就是每天或每周留出几分钟来搜集数据并发送过来。

3、一群科学家和教育家在去年发起了一个叫做纽约国家物候学的组织。

“物候学”就是科学家们所说的在自然中研究每个事件的时间。

4、其中一个小组的首要尝试就是依靠科学家和非科学家来收集关于每年植物开花和长叶子的数据。

这一项目叫做花季追踪计划,它收集遍布美国的各种各样的植物生长周期的数据。

参与这一项目的人们——这一计划对所有人开放——把他们的观察记录在花季追踪计划网站上。

5、“人们不需要时植物学家——他们仅仅需要环视四周看看周围有什么。

”Jennifer Schwartz 说,她是这项计划的教育顾问,“通过收集数据,我们就能够估算出气候变化对植物和生物群落会有怎样的影响。

”N0.4 汽车技术1、每年,全世界有120万起路面交通死亡事故,以及五千万起路面交通伤残事故。

为降低车祸发生率,现在有很多研究将注意力放在行车安全和开放新型燃料上。

而有些关于电动机车和生物燃料的研究旨在达到更快的速度。

2、高速驾驶一向是很危险的。

一项在机动车安全前沿领域的研究是有关车内数字化辅助设施的。

这些设施会确保司机们不会错过重要的路况指示牌或在开车时睡着。

通过运用人工智能软件,这些辅助设施可监控行车过程并确保在关键时刻伺机不会被手机或广播干扰注意力。

许多车祸是由人为原因造成的而非机械故障。

3、一些行车安全方面的改进力图改善司机的视野。

雷达可对雾中的障碍物定位,而其他的科技手段可透过阻碍你视线的高大车辆看到前方。

4、对安全带、刹车板控制和车胎的改进也使行车过程变得更顺畅、安全。

人们发现车的颜色与安全有关,令人不会感到惊讶的是,车的大小和形状也与安全有关。

5、从矿物燃料中提取的汽油的替代物,例如植物油,也是研究中的一个热门区域。

取材于氢气的燃料电池燃烧时无污染,并已成为一项重要研究的攻克对象。

6、但不管燃料箱中盛为何物,你可不想在驾驶座上坐的是一个窃贼。

对此,也有很多创新来打击汽车盗窃,其中一些运用了卫星跟踪和远程通讯。

当发生车祸时,这些通讯系统也可起作用,自动地呼叫帮助。

7、交通事故可引发许多交通堵塞。

但在一畅通却繁忙的路段上,汽车间也有很多的细微互动,从而导致可能的阻塞。

此类阻塞可用数据统计工具进行分析,被编程的机器人可使交通流动更顺畅,并有朝一日有望成为每个人的私家司机。

但最新成果表明这种设想并非短期内可以实现。

N0.5 深夜呵咖啡1、喜欢喝咖啡的人要小心了。

晚上喝一杯快速提神的咖啡会对你的睡眠造成严重破坏。

并且咖啡因作为一种刺激物会打断褪黑激素的流动。

褪黑激素是使人们进入睡眠的神经激素。

2、褪黑激素的浓度在睡前两小时开始上升。

在凌晨2点和4点之间达到最高值,然后再次下降。

加利福尼亚斯坦福大学的斯坦福睡眠流行病学研究中心的Maurice Ohayon说:“控制我们睡眠的是神经激素,它告诉我们的身体什么时候睡觉什么时候醒。

”而以色列的研究者发现含咖啡因咖啡能使人体中这种睡眠激素减半。

3、特拉维夫大学的塞帕尔医学中心的Lotan shilo和一个小组发现六个志愿者在喝了一杯含咖啡因咖啡后不如喝了同量的脱咖啡因咖啡之后睡得好。

试验对象喝完含咖啡因的咖啡后平均每晚睡336分钟,而喝完脱咖啡因咖啡后平均每晚睡415分钟。

他们用半个小时才能睡着——比平常长一倍,而且翻来覆去的次数比平常多一倍。

4、在试验的第二阶段,研究者每三个小时叫醒志愿者一次,并要他们提供一个尿样。

Shilo测量了褪黑激素分解物的浓度。

结果表明饮用含咖啡因咖啡的人体内的褪黑激素的浓度是饮用脱咖啡因咖啡的人体内褪黑激素浓度的一半。

在《睡眠医学》上发表的一篇论文中,研究者表示咖啡因阻碍促使褪黑激素产生的酶的形成。

5、Ohayon建议爱喝咖啡的人午饭后应该换喝脱咖啡因咖啡,因为要排除体内的咖啡因需要好几个小时。

N0.61、我们每个人的大脑里都有一个像我们床边的闹钟一样的生物钟。

人脑里的生物钟24小时走一圈,这一圈也就是一次完整的昼夜节律,正是这个节律决定了我们吃饭、睡觉和起床的时间。

2、青春期时,人的生物钟在定时方面会发生变化,生物钟会提前。

这时,青少年会比以前睡得晚,所以当你妈妈告诉你该睡觉时,你的生物钟可能会让你多推迟几个小时,并且电脑或电视光线可能会导致你熬夜到更晚。

3、生物钟的这种变化对青少年说是正常的,但熬夜到太晚会打乱你生物钟与昼夜时间循环之间的平衡,这样就会带来一些问题,例如:早晨很难按时起床。

位于美国罗得州布朗大学睡眠方面的研究员Mary Carskadon 说:“当青少年睡眠不足时会打不起精神,这将影响到他们心情、学习和思考问题的状态。

”4、其实生物钟与闹钟一样,也是可调的,事实上,生物钟每天都在进行着自我调节,其方式就是通过你眼睛接收到光线的变化。

5、很早之前,科学家就知道了昼夜光线强弱的变化对生物钟调节起到了重要的作用,长久以来,研究者们认为眼睛所接受到的平衡生物钟的光信号同样作用于人类的视觉系统。

6、但最近几年的研究发现,人类眼睛有两个感光系统,一个是视觉系统,而另一个是感知昼夜的系统。

N0.7 用糖为手机充电1、一种新型燃料细胞通过利用活体细胞中很常见的酶能从糖中生产少量的电。

如果这项技术能够成功应用于大批量生产,人们可以与自己的手机分享甜饮料(因为糖可以发电供给手机)。

2、燃料细胞中的化学反应能产生电流。

这个过程通常依赖于贵金属,比如铂。

在存活细胞中,酶发挥类似的作用,通过分解糖得到电子进而产生能量。

3、圣路易斯大学的Shelley D.Minteer说,以前研究人员在燃料细胞的使用中,很难维持酶的活性。

生物细胞能不停地产生新鲜的酶,但燃料细胞中没有能替换很快降解的酶的机制。

4、Shelley D.Minteer与同样来自圣路易斯大学的Tamara Klotzbach现在研制了一种聚合物,它能包裹酶并将其保存在用显微镜才能看见的袋子里。

Minteer解释说:“我们改造袋子使其能为酶提供理想的微环境。

”这种聚合物能使酶保持几个月而不是几天的活性。

5、在新型燃料细胞中,装有酶的微小的聚合物袋子镶嵌在一张裹在一个电极上的薄膜里。

含糖液体巾的葡萄糖进入袋子时,酶将其氧化,释放出电子和质子。

电子穿过薄膜进入一根导线并通过这根导线到达其他电子。

导线中的电子与大气中的氧发生反应产生水。

电子在导线中流动形成电流,电流能产生电能。

6、伊利诺斯大学Urbana—Champaign校区的化学工程师Paul Kenis指出,日前这种新型燃料细胞产生不了多少电能,但它们确实产生了电,这一事实令人激动。

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