Framework for Child Welfare Practice Version 20, 2019儿童福利的做法20版本的框架,
英国《早期儿童基础教育指南》的背景、内容及启示
Abstract: The Statutory Framework for the Early Years Foundation Stage has been playing a very important role in children's learning and development as well as security mechanism.The guide first describes the general principles and specific contents of implementation and the early goals for children to achieve， and makes
一、英国《早期儿童基础教育指南》出台的 背景
20 世纪末，英国很多家庭对托育服务的需求不断 扩大。英国社会当时存在一系列的问题，其中的问题 就包括单亲妈妈以及未成年怀孕数量跃居欧洲榜首， 导致儿童数量不断增多，而政府却缺少相应的早期教 育保教机制，而且成年人照顾与教育儿童的能力较低， 当时培养儿童所需的教育费用又特别昂贵。从当时的 就业情况来看，妇女的就业率不断上升，没有充裕的时 间来照顾儿童。因此，很多家庭都有了托育的需求。 教育的发展与社会的发展是紧密相关的，教育影响着 个人发展与社会的进步。当人们的教育需求得到满足 时，个人素质得到提高，社会出现的问题就会相应的减 少。所以，为了改善当时的社会环境，减少社会问题， 并满足大众托育服务需求，降低育儿费用，英国于 20 世纪末着手整合学前儿童服务体系的改革［3］。英国 政府出台了《早期儿童基础教育指南》来满足大多数家 庭的托育需求。
基于儿童视角课程实践核心要素
基于儿童视角课程实践核心要素From the perspective of child development, it iscrucial to design curriculum and educational practices that align with the unique needs and perspectives of children. Taking a child-centered approach ensures that the curriculum is engaging, meaningful, and relevant to the children's lives. By incorporating the core elements of child perspective, curriculum designers can create a learning environment that fosters curiosity, creativity, and critical thinking skills.One of the key elements of child perspective curriculum is the inclusion of hands-on and experiential learning activities. Children learn best when they are actively engaged in the learning process and can directly interact with the materials and concepts being taught. By providing opportunities for children to explore, experiment, and discover, educators can tap into their innate curiosity and promote a deeper understanding of the subject matter.Another important aspect of child perspective curriculum is the incorporation of play-based learning. Play is a natural and essential part of childhood, and it is through play that children learn and make sense of the world around them. By integrating play into the curriculum, educators can create a joyful and engaging learning environment that encourages creativity, problem-solving, and social interaction.In addition to hands-on learning and play, child perspective curriculum should also consider the individual interests and strengths of each child. By providing choices and opportunities for children to pursue their own interests, educators can foster a sense of ownership and agency in their learning. This personalized approach not only enhances motivation and engagement but also allows children to develop their unique talents and abilities.Furthermore, child perspective curriculum should be culturally responsive and inclusive. It is important to recognize and value the diverse backgrounds, experiences, and perspectives of the children in the classroom. Byincorporating culturally relevant materials, stories, and experiences into the curriculum, educators can create a learning environment that is inclusive and affirming forall children.Lastly, child perspective curriculum should prioritize the social and emotional development of children. Emotional well-being is essential for optimal learning, and educators should create a safe and supportive environment where children feel valued, respected, and heard. By fostering positive relationships, promoting empathy and self-regulation skills, and addressing social-emotional needs, educators can support children's overall well-being and create a foundation for lifelong learning.In conclusion, a child perspective curriculum iscrucial for promoting optimal learning and development. By incorporating hands-on learning, play-based activities, personalized learning, cultural responsiveness, and social-emotional development, educators can create a curriculum that is engaging, meaningful, and relevant to the unique needs and perspectives of children. This child-centeredapproach not only enhances academic achievement but also fosters curiosity, creativity, and a love for learning.。
法律不是网外之地英语作文
法律不是网外之地英语作文The law is often perceived as a distant and complex realm, a world of its own that operates independently from the daily lives of ordinary individuals. However, this misconception could not be further from the truth. The law is an integral part of our society, shaping and influencing every aspect of our lives, from the moment we wake up to the moment we go to bed. It is not a separate entity but rather a reflection of the values, norms, and expectations that we as a collective have deemed essential for the functioning of our communities.At its core, the law is a set of rules and regulations that govern our behavior and interactions with one another. These rules are not arbitrary but rather the result of careful deliberation and consideration by lawmakers, legal scholars, and the public at large. They are designed to protect our rights, ensure fairness, and maintain order in society. Without the law, our world would descend into chaos, where the strong would exploit the weak, and the vulnerable would be left without recourse.One of the most important aspects of the law is its ability to provide a framework for resolving disputes and conflicts. When individuals or groups have a disagreement, the law offers a structured process for addressing and adjudicating those issues. This process is essential for maintaining social cohesion and preventing the escalation of conflicts into violence or other forms of harm.For example, if two neighbors have a dispute over the boundary of their property, the law provides a clear set of procedures for determining the rightful owner and resolving the conflict. Without this legal framework, the dispute could quickly spiral out of control, leading to confrontations, property damage, or even physical altercations. By providing a neutral and impartial system for resolving such issues, the law helps to preserve the peace and stability of our communities.Moreover, the law plays a crucial role in protecting the fundamental rights and freedoms of individuals. From the right to free speech and freedom of religion to the right to due process and equal protection under the law, the legal system ensures that our basic human rights are safeguarded. This is particularly important in a diverse and pluralistic society, where the rights of minority groups or marginalized communities may be at risk of being overlooked or violated.Consider the case of civil rights movements throughout history. The legal system has been instrumental in securing and defending the rights of marginalized groups, such as racial minorities, women, and LGBTQ+ individuals. Through landmark court decisions, legislation, and the enforcement of laws, the legal system has helped to dismantle discriminatory practices, ensure equal access to opportunities, and promote social justice.Without the law, these hard-won rights and protections would be vulnerable to erosion or outright denial. The law serves as a bulwark against the tyranny of the majority, ensuring that the voices and experiences of all members of society are heard and respected.Furthermore, the law plays a crucial role in shaping the economic and social fabric of our society. From regulating the financial sector to enforcing consumer protection laws, the legal system helps to maintain a fair and functioning market economy. It also sets the parameters for how businesses operate, ensuring that they adhere to ethical and sustainable practices.In the realm of social policy, the law is equally influential. Laws governing education, healthcare, and social welfare programs have a direct impact on the quality of life and opportunities available to citizens. The legal system can be used to address issues of inequality, poverty, and access to essential services, helping to create a morejust and equitable society.It is important to recognize that the law is not a static or immutable entity. It is constantly evolving and adapting to the changing needs and values of society. As new challenges and issues arise, the legal system must respond with new laws, regulations, and interpretations to address these emerging concerns.This dynamic nature of the law is a testament to its relevance and importance in our lives. The law is not a separate realm but rather an integral part of the fabric of our society, shaping and responding to the complex realities we face. By understanding and engaging with the law, we can become more active and informed citizens, able to participate in the ongoing process of shaping the world we live in.In conclusion, the law is not a place outside the net but rather a fundamental component of our social, economic, and political systems. It is a tool for protecting our rights, resolving conflicts, and promoting the common good. By recognizing the centrality of the law in our lives, we can better appreciate its significance and work towards ensuring that it continues to serve the needs of all members of society.。
主要发达国家中小学课后服务研究(下)
主要发达国家中小学课后服务研究（下）2020年04月27日六、课后服务质量怎么监管：质量监督与评估机制有效的监督与评价，是确保课后服务成效的关键，更是促进其持续发展和改进的重要手段。
所以，要为学龄儿童提供高质量的课后服务，如何评价以及依据何种标准评价是重要因素之一。
日本在课后服务质量保障方面的全国性标准有《课后儿童健全育成事业的设施及运营标准》、《课后儿童俱乐部运营方针》及“课后儿童支援员认定资格”，[40]这些规定明确了全国统一的课后服务运营标准、具体实践方针以及专业任职人员的资格，同时，对于缩小不同地区之间设施和服务的质量差距也起到了一定的推动作用。
法国政府自2013年起，每年都会发布《“为了高质量的课外活动”使用指南》，为各地区课后服务的开展提供指导框架。
[41]法国课后服务的评估主要由政府负责。
省社会团结局和人口保护局这两个部门或其他相关部门可以随时检查课后服务的主要机构——课外活动中心各方面的情况是否符合相应的法令。
如果发现违规，管理机构可以依据规定中止托管机构或关闭场所等。
另外，检查结果会形成书面评估报告，这些报告的数据是课后服务工作改进的重要依据。
加拿大儿童托管教育联合会（Canadian Child Care Federation，简称CCCF）于1991年颁布了《国家儿童托管教育质量评估》（The National Statement on Quality Child Care），该文件对两种承担儿童托管教育的形式分别提出了质量要求。
[42]针对中心式托管（center-based care），文件对托管提供者在适合性和培训、儿童学习和发展的环境、规模大小和师生比、人员关系、健康和营养、安全、合作关系等七个方面作出了详细规定。
针对家庭式儿童托管（family-based child care），文件增加了父母的任务、家庭和家庭托管的协调、家庭托管的经营等三个方面的质量要求，以此来引导和规范课后托管服务的具体实施，以保证托管服务的质量。
儿童委托监护责任确认书范文英文版
儿童委托监护责任确认书范文英文版Guardianship Confirmation Letter for MinorsGuardianship is a vital legal arrangement that ensures the well-being and protection of minors when their parents or legal guardians are unable to fulfill their duties. This document formally establishes the rights and responsibilities of a guardian, providing a framework for the care and decision-making authority regarding a child's welfare. The guardianship confirmation letter serves as a crucial legal instrument that outlines the scope of the guardian's role and the parameters within which they must operate.The guardianship confirmation letter typically includes several key components that define the guardian's responsibilities and the child's circumstances. Firstly, it will clearly identify the minor in question, providing their full name, date of birth, and any other relevant personal information. This ensures there is no ambiguity regarding the individual for whom the guardianship is being established.Next, the letter will name the appointed guardian, detailing their full legal name, address, and contact information. This section establishes the guardian's legal standing and their authority to act on behalf of the minor. It is essential that the guardian's identity and role are unambiguously defined to avoid any confusion or disputes regarding their decision-making power.The guardianship confirmation letter will also outline the specific powers and duties granted to the guardian. This may include the authority to make decisions regarding the child's education, healthcare, living arrangements, and financial matters. The letter will delineate the scope of the guardian's decision-making authority, ensuring they are empowered to fulfill their responsibilities while also respecting the rights and best interests of the minor.In many cases, the guardianship confirmation letter will also address the circumstances that led to the need for a guardian. This may include the incapacity, absence, or death of the minor's parents or previous legal guardians. By providing this context, the letter establishes the legal justification for the guardianship arrangement and reinforces the necessity of the guardian's involvement.Furthermore, the letter will typically specify the duration of the guardianship, indicating whether it is a temporary or permanent arrangement. This information is crucial, as it outlines the timeframewithin which the guardian must operate and the conditions under which the guardianship may be terminated or modified.It is important to note that the guardianship confirmation letter may also include provisions regarding the guardian's reporting and accountability requirements. This may involve regular updates or financial statements to ensure the guardian is acting in the best interests of the minor and in accordance with the established terms of the guardianship.The guardianship confirmation letter serves as a legally binding document that protects the rights and well-being of the minor while also clearly defining the roles and responsibilities of the guardian. By establishing the parameters of the guardianship arrangement, this letter provides a framework for the guardian to effectively fulfill their duties and ensure the child's needs are met.In conclusion, the guardianship confirmation letter is a crucial legal instrument that safeguards the welfare of minors when their parents or legal guardians are unable to do so. This document outlines the guardian's rights and responsibilities, ensuring the child's best interests are prioritized and the guardian's actions are carried out within the established legal boundaries. By providing a clear and comprehensive framework for the guardianship arrangement, thisletter serves as a vital tool in ensuring the protection and well-being of vulnerable minors.。
家庭教育法的英文
家庭教育法的英文Family Education LawFamily is the basic unit of society, and the foundation of a healthy and prosperous society. The way children are raised and educated within the family has a profound impact on their development, both physically and mentally. As such, the importance of family education cannot be overstated. In recent years, many countries have recognized the need for a comprehensive legal framework to guide and support family education, leading to the introduction of family education laws.One of the primary goals of family education law is to promote the well-being of children and ensure their healthy growth and development. These laws typically outline the rights and responsibilities of parents, providing guidance on effective parenting practices and the provision of a nurturing environment for children. They may also address issues such as child abuse and neglect, and the role of the state in intervening to protect children's welfare.Another key aspect of family education law is the promotion of strong family bonds and relationships. These laws often encourageparents to spend quality time with their children, engage in activities that foster emotional and cognitive development, and create an atmosphere of love, respect, and mutual understanding within the home. By strengthening family ties, family education law aims to instill in children a sense of belonging, security, and confidence, which are essential for their overall well-being.In addition to focusing on the parent-child relationship, family education law may also address the broader context of family life. This may include provisions for work-life balance, such as flexible work arrangements or parental leave policies, to enable parents to devote more time to their children. Some laws may also address the role of extended family members, such as grandparents, in supporting the family unit and contributing to the child's upbringing.One of the main challenges in implementing family education law is the need to strike a balance between the rights and responsibilities of parents and the role of the state in ensuring the well-being of children. While parents should have the primary responsibility for their children's upbringing, the state may need to intervene in cases of neglect or abuse to protect the child's best interests. Family education law must therefore carefully delineate the boundaries of parental authority and the circumstances under which the state can intervene.Another challenge is the need to address the diverse cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds of families. Family education law must be flexible enough to accommodate the unique needs and circumstances of different families, while still promoting the overarching goals of child well-being and strong family relationships. This may involve providing targeted support and resources to families facing particular challenges, such as single-parent households or families living in poverty.Despite these challenges, the implementation of family education law has the potential to bring about significant positive changes in the way children are raised and educated within the family. By providing a clear legal framework and support system, family education law can empower parents to be more effective in their roles, while also ensuring that children receive the care and nurturing they need to thrive.One of the key benefits of family education law is its potential to reduce the incidence of child abuse and neglect. By outlining the responsibilities of parents and providing resources for parenting education and support, these laws can help prevent the mistreatment of children and ensure that all children grow up in a safe and nurturing environment. Additionally, family education law can promote the development of strong family bonds and relationships, which are essential for the emotional and social well-being of children.Another important benefit of family education law is its ability to address the broader societal issues that impact family life. By incorporating provisions related to work-life balance, childcare support, and the role of extended family members, these laws can help create an environment that is more conducive to healthy family functioning. This, in turn, can lead to positive outcomes for children, such as improved academic performance, better mental health, and stronger social skills.Furthermore, family education law can play a crucial role in addressing the challenges faced by families in diverse cultural and socioeconomic contexts. By providing targeted support and resources, these laws can help ensure that all children, regardless of their background, have access to the care and education they need to reach their full potential.In conclusion, the implementation of family education law is a crucial step in promoting the well-being of children and strengthening the foundation of society. By outlining the rights and responsibilities of parents, encouraging strong family bonds, and addressing the broader societal issues that impact family life, these laws have the potential to create a more supportive and nurturing environment for children to grow and thrive. While there are certainly challenges toovercome, the benefits of family education law make it a vital component of a comprehensive approach to child and family welfare.。
伊瓦斯的福利多元主义四分法
伊瓦斯的福利多元主义四分法英文回答：Ivas' welfare pluralism quadrants are a framework that categorizes different approaches to welfare policies. The four quadrants are based on two dimensions: the level of government intervention and the level of market participation. Each quadrant represents a different approach to welfare.The first quadrant, which Ivas calls the "residual" approach, emphasizes limited government intervention and high market participation. In this approach, the government's role is minimal, and individuals are expected to rely on the market to meet their welfare needs. This approach is often associated with conservative ideologies and emphasizes personal responsibility and self-reliance. For example, in a residual welfare system, individuals would be expected to save for their own retirement and purchase private health insurance.The second quadrant, known as the "institutional" approach, combines high government intervention with high market participation. In this approach, the governmentplays a significant role in providing welfare services, but individuals are still expected to participate in the market. This approach is often associated with social democratic ideologies and aims to provide a comprehensive safety netfor all citizens. For example, in an institutional welfare system, the government may provide universal healthcare and education while still allowing individuals to chooseprivate providers if they wish.The third quadrant, called the "corporatist" approach, emphasizes high government intervention and low market participation. In this approach, the government takes the primary responsibility for providing welfare services, and individuals have little choice or control over the services they receive. This approach is often associated withsocialist ideologies and aims to ensure equal access to welfare services for all citizens. For example, in a corporatist welfare system, the government may directlyprovide housing and employment services without relying on the market.The fourth quadrant, known as the "pluralist" approach, combines low government intervention with low market participation. In this approach, welfare services are provided by a mix of government, market, and non-profit organizations. Individuals have a range of options to choose from and can tailor their welfare services to their specific needs. This approach is often associated with liberal ideologies and emphasizes individual choice and competition. For example, in a pluralist welfare system, individuals may receive vouchers to purchase services from a variety of providers, including private companies andnon-profit organizations.In conclusion, Ivas' welfare pluralism quadrants provide a useful framework for understanding different approaches to welfare policies. Each quadrant represents a different balance between government intervention and market participation, and each approach has its own strengths and weaknesses. By considering these quadrants,policymakers can develop welfare systems that best meet the needs of their citizens.中文回答：伊瓦斯的福利多元主义四分法是一个将不同福利政策的方法进行分类的框架。
关于伦理道德的英语作文
关于伦理道德的英语作文The Foundations of Ethics and MoralityEthical and moral principles are the bedrock upon which civilized society is built. They guide our actions, shape our values, and determine the norms and standards by which we judge right from wrong. At the most fundamental level, ethics and morality provide a framework for how we ought to treat one another and conduct ourselves as members of the human community.At the heart of ethics and morality lies the concept of human dignity. The belief that all people possess an inherent worth and deserve to be treated with respect, regardless of their individual characteristics or circumstances. This principle of universal human dignity is what compels us to condemn cruelty, exploitation, and the violation of individual rights. It is the basis for ideals like equality, justice, and the inviolability of the human person.Of course, the specific articulation of ethical and moral codes has varied tremendously across cultures, religions, and philosophicaltraditions. What it means to live an ethical life has been debated and defined in myriad ways throughout history. But underlying this diversity, we can discern certain common threads – a recognition of the sanctity of human life, a sense of obligation to others, and a desire to create a more harmonious and virtuous social order.One of the foundational ethical frameworks is that of deontology, associated most closely with the 18th century philosopher Immanuel Kant. Deontology holds that the morality of an action is determined by the action's adherence to a rule or rules, rather than by the action's consequences. For Kant, the supreme moral principle was the Categorical Imperative, which states that we should act only in ways that we would will to become universal laws. In other words, we should ask ourselves whether we would want everyone to act the same way we are considering acting.This deontological approach emphasizes the intrinsic rightness or wrongness of an action, rather than its outcomes. It suggests that certain acts, like lying or murder, are morally impermissible regardless of any potential benefits they might bring about. The strength of deontology is that it provides clear, unambiguous moral guidelines and upholds the inviolability of fundamental human rights.In contrast, the ethical framework of consequentialism judges the morality of an action based solely on its consequences. Thinkers inthis tradition, such as the utilitarian philosophers Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, argue that the right course of action is the one that produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people. From this perspective, the ends can sometimes justify the means – an otherwise unethical act might be permissible if it leads to a substantially better outcome.Consequentialism offers a more flexible and pragmatic approach to ethics, one that is attuned to context and seeks to maximize overall welfare. However, critics argue that it can also lead to the violation of individual rights and the justification of clearly unethical acts for the sake of some perceived greater good.A third major ethical paradigm is virtue ethics, which focuses not on rules or consequences, but on the moral character of the individual. Thinkers like Aristotle emphasized the importance of cultivating virtues like courage, temperance, justice, and prudence as the path to living an ethical life. From this view, morality is not just about what we do, but about who we are – the kind of person we strive to become.Virtue ethics encourages us to reflect on the kind of person we want to be and the values we want to embody, rather than simply following a set of rules or calculating the outcomes of our actions. It recognizes that ethics is not just a matter of intellectual knowledge,but of practical wisdom, emotional intelligence, and strength of character.While these three broad ethical frameworks – deontology, consequentialism, and virtue ethics – offer distinct perspectives, they are not necessarily mutually exclusive. Many modern moral philosophers have sought to develop integrated approaches that draw on the insights of multiple traditions. After all, the complexities of real-world ethical dilemmas often require nuanced consideration of principles, consequences, and character.Ultimately, the foundations of ethics and morality rest on our shared humanity and our capacity for moral reasoning. As rational, self-aware beings, we have the unique ability to reflect on our actions, consider their implications, and make judgments about right and wrong. This moral agency is both a profound gift and a heavy responsibility.By cultivating ethical awareness, developing moral reasoning skills, and working to align our behavior with our highest principles, we can strive to create a world that is more just, compassionate, and conducive to human flourishing. It is a never-ending journey, but one that is essential for the well-being of both the individual and the collective.In an era of rapid technological change, globalization, and social upheaval, the need for strong ethical foundations has never been more pressing. As we grapple with complex moral quandaries around issues like privacy, artificial intelligence, environmental sustainability, and the equitable distribution of resources, we must draw upon the accumulated wisdom of moral philosophy to guide us.By returning to the bedrock principles of human dignity, universal rights, and the pursuit of the greater good, we can strive to build a more ethical global civilization – one that honors the inherent worth of every person, promotes the flourishing of all life, and leaves the world a better place for future generations. It is a lofty aspiration, to be sure, but one that is worthy of our highest efforts and most steadfast commitment.。
Foster and Practice Core Socialist Values from Chi
In this process,theyshould think constantly these requirements and understand deeply in our study and life.
In the process of growing up, it is necessary to combine learning and life practices, constantly think about these requirements in mind, and constantly deepen your understanding.
在择词方面，他译更贴切一点；自译更通俗易懂一些，但也存在一些用词不当的地方；机翻的择词有的对有的错。
在衔接与连贯上，此处的“the core socialist values”他译翻成“these values”，机翻和自译都是使用的专有名词，从而看出他译与上下文衔接更好。
除此之外，他译的顺序排列上也更符合英语这门语言的表达方式。
——To have an example in our hearts is to learn from heroes, advanced figures, and beautiful things, and to develop good ideological and moral pursuits in the course of study. There are many stories of young heroes in the history of our country, and a large number of young heroes have also emerged in the revolution, construction, and reform undertakings carried out by the people under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.
未成年人保护法经典案例
未成年人保护法经典案例One of the classic cases related to the protection of minors under the law is the case of Mary Bell, a young girl from England who was convicted of murdering two young boysin 1968. This case not only raised questions about the capacity of minors to commit such heinous crimes but also highlighted the importance of providing appropriate legal protection for children.From a legal perspective, the Mary Bell case demonstrated the need for a comprehensive legal framework that takes into account the unique circumstances of minors. The case prompted a review of the existing laws regarding juvenile offenders, leading to the implementation of the Children and Young Persons Act 1969 in England and Wales. This act aimed to provide a balance between the protectionof society and the rehabilitation of young offenders.From a psychological perspective, the Mary Bell case shed light on the complex nature of child criminal behavior.It raised questions about the factors that contribute to the development of violent tendencies in children and the role of environmental influences, such as exposure to violence or neglect. The case highlighted the importance of early intervention and appropriate psychological supportfor children who display concerning behaviors.From a societal perspective, the Mary Bell case evoked strong emotions and sparked debates about the nature ofevil and the responsibility of society in preventing such tragedies. It forced society to confront the uncomfortable reality that children can be capable of committing horrific acts, challenging the notion of childhood innocence. The case also emphasized the need for a supportive community and social services that can identify and address the underlying issues that may contribute to the development of criminal behavior in children.From a child welfare perspective, the Mary Bell case underscored the importance of early intervention and protection for vulnerable children. It highlighted the need for a comprehensive child protection system that canidentify and respond to signs of abuse, neglect, or other risk factors that may contribute to the development of criminal behavior in children. The case served as a reminder of the responsibility of society to safeguard the well-being of children and provide them with the necessary support and resources to prevent them from becoming victims or perpetrators of violence.From an emotional standpoint, the Mary Bell case evokes a range of emotions, including shock, sadness, and anger.It is a tragic reminder of the vulnerability of children and the devastating consequences that can arise when their needs are not adequately met. The case also raises questions about the appropriate punishment andrehabilitation for child offenders, as well as thepotential for redemption and change in individuals who commit crimes at a young age.In conclusion, the Mary Bell case is a classic example that highlights the need for a holistic approach to the protection of minors under the law. It underscores the importance of legal frameworks, psychological support,societal responsibility, child welfare systems, and emotional understanding in addressing the complex issues surrounding child criminal behavior. This case serves as a reminder of the need to prioritize the well-being and protection of children, while also recognizing thepotential for growth and rehabilitation in young offenders.。
《德意志联邦共和国少年法院法》英文
《德意志联邦共和国少年法院法》英文German Federal Republic Youth Court Act1. German -德国2. Federal -联邦3. Republic -共和国4. Youth -少年5. Court -法院6. Act -法1. The German Federal Republic Youth Court Act aims to regulate the proceedings in youth courts. -德意志联邦共和国少年法院法的目的是规范青少年法庭的诉讼程序。
2. The act outlines the responsibilities and powers of youth courts in Germany. -这部法律概述了德国少年法庭的职责和权力。
3. Under the German Federal Republic Youth Court Act, special procedures are established for handling casesinvolving juvenile offenders. -根据德意志联邦共和国少年法院法，为处理涉及青少年犯罪的案件制定了特殊的程序。
4. The act emphasizes rehabilitation and reintegration of young offenders into society. -该法律强调对年轻犯罪者的康复和重新融入社会。
5. Youth courts play a crucial role in the juvenilejustice system in Germany. -少年法庭在德国的少年司法系统中起着至关重要的作用。
6. The German Federal Republic Youth Court Act ensuresthat young offenders are treated differently from adult offenders. -德意志联邦共和国少年法院法确保对待青少年犯罪者与成年犯罪者不同。
保护未成年的作文450字
保护未成年的作文450字英文回答：Protecting minors is of paramount importance to ensure their well-being, safety, and development. It entails safeguarding them from any form of harm, abuse, exploitation, and neglect. This multifaceted endeavor requires a collective effort involving governments, organizations, communities, and individuals.International and national laws, such as the Convention on the Rights of the Child, provide a framework for protecting minors. These legal instruments establish guidelines on education, healthcare, legal rights, and protection from abuse and exploitation. Governments have a primary responsibility to implement and enforce these laws, creating a safe and supportive environment for children.Education is a fundamental aspect of protecting minors. By providing comprehensive knowledge on child development,rights, and responsibilities, we empower children to make informed choices and advocate for their well-being. Additionally, it promotes positive parenting practices, equipping parents and caregivers with necessary skills to nurture and protect children.Community engagement plays a crucial role in safeguarding minors. By creating neighborhood watch programs, reporting suspicious activities, and providing support to vulnerable families, communities can establish a protective network around children. Churches, schools, and community centers can serve as safe havens, offering activities and resources that foster healthy development.Collaboration between organizations is essential for effective protection. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs), child welfare agencies, and law enforcement work togetherto identify and respond to situations of child abuse and exploitation. They provide counseling, legal assistance,and support services to victims and their families,ensuring that children receive the care and protection they need.Individuals have a moral obligation to protect minors. By being vigilant observers, reporting suspected cases of abuse or neglect, and intervening in dangerous situations, individuals can make a significant contribution to safeguarding children's well-being.中文回答：保护未成年人权是维护其福祉、安全和发展的重中之重。
儒家思想总结英文翻译
儒家思想总结英文翻译The Summary of Confucianism ThoughtConfucianism is a school of thought that originated in China during the 5th century BCE and has greatly influenced Chinese culture and society. Confucianism is not just a philosophy but a comprehensive belief system that guides personal behavior, family relationships, and social interactions. This summary aims to provide a concise overview of the key concepts and teachings of Confucianism.The core principles of Confucianism are centered around the concept of ren, often translated as "humanity" or "benevolence." Ren is the highest virtue and represents the ideal human character. It entails cultivating empathy, compassion, and care for others. Confucianism emphasizes the importance of self-cultivation in achieving ren, as it believes that individuals should strive to improve themselves morally and intellectually to become virtuous individuals who contribute positively to society. Furthermore, Confucius believed in the importance of respecting and upholding traditional rituals and social hierarchies, as they provide stability and order in society. This emphasis on filial piety, or respect for one's parents and ancestors, is crucial in maintaining harmonious family relationships and social cohesion. Confucianism places a strong emphasis on the roles and responsibilities of each individual within the family and society. It advocates for the practice of the five key relationships, including ruler and subject, husband and wife, parent and child, elder sibling and younger sibling, and friend and friend. These relationships arecharacterized by hierarchical roles and reciprocal obligations, highlighting the importance of harmony and mutual respect.Confucianism also places great importance on education and intellectual development. Confucius believed that education was crucial in cultivating moral character and developing one's potential. He emphasized the importance of lifelong learning and believed that individuals should continuously strive for self-improvement. Education was seen as a means to achieve individual and societal harmony and prosperity. Confucianism also gave rise to the civil service examination system in ancient China, which selected individuals for government positions based on their knowledge and moral character.In addition to its emphasis on individual moral cultivation and social harmony, Confucianism also promotes good governance and ethical leadership. Confucianism argues that a virtuous ruler leads by moral example and rule with benevolence and righteousness. Good governance entails promoting the welfare of the people, upholding justice, and maintaining social order. Confucianism emphasizes the importance of leaders' responsibility to provide for and protect their subjects, acting in the best interests of society. Confucianism's influence extends beyond China and has had a significant impact on other East Asian countries, such as Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. Confucian values have shaped these societies' social systems, education systems, and ethical norms. Confucian teachings continue to resonate with many people today, as they provide guidance on personal conduct, family harmony, and ethical leadership.In conclusion, Confucianism is a comprehensive belief system that emphasizes personal morality, social harmony, and ethical leadership. Its core principles of ren, filial piety, and the practice of the five relationships provide a framework for individual behavior and social interactions. Confucianism's emphasis on education and moral cultivation aims to foster virtuous individuals who contribute positively to society. The enduring influence of Confucianism highlights its relevance in shaping East Asian cultures and societies.。
社会文明作文模板英语高中
社会文明作文模板英语高中Title: The Importance of Social Civilization。
Introduction。
Social civilization plays a crucial role in shaping the behavior, values, and attitudes of individuals within a society. It encompasses various aspects such as education, ethics, laws, and customs that contribute to the overall development and progress of a community. In this essay, we will explore the significance of social civilization and its impact on individuals and society as a whole.Education and Knowledge。
One of the fundamental pillars of social civilization is education. It provides individuals with the necessary knowledge, skills, and values to become productive members of society. Through education, individuals learn about the history, culture, and traditions of their society, which fosters a sense of belonging and identity. Furthermore, education promotes critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills, which are essential for the advancement of a society. A well-educated population is more likely to contribute to the economic, social, and cultural development of their community, leading to a more prosperous and harmonious society.Ethical Values and Morality。
王健法学院编译室
纽约大学法律评论王健法学院编译室二零一三年第七期总第十七期目录盲目的专家意见Blind ExpertiseChristopher Tarver Robertson15国际贸易中的新问题：对于国际贸易与税收法律的全球正义推定The New Poor At Our Gates:Global Justice Implications for International Trade and Tax LawIlan Benshalom15合宪的性别歧视法律中的反模式化原则The Anti-Stereotyping Principle in Constitutional Sex Discrimination LawCary Franklin16累积信赖和过高的索价：为大规模欺诈的受害者的集体证明消除障碍Aggregate reliance and overcharges:removing hurdles to class certification for victims of mass fraudShawn S.Ledingham,JR.17在经济衰退时期维持教育的充分：对各州教育预算削减的司法审查Maintaining Educational Adequacy in Times of Recession:Judicial Review of State Education Budget CutsVinay Harpalani18全球性机构的选择Global Institutional ChoiceFrederick J.Lee18通过修改不同种类的种群分割政策来提高对美国濒危物种的保护Improving the Protection of Species Endangered in the United States by Revising the Distinct Population Segment PolicyAllison L.Westfahl Kong19过渡救济的机构动态The Institutional Dynamics of Transition ReliefJonathan S.Masur&Jonathan Remy Nash20刑事定罪的附带性后果：直面种族和尊严的问题Collateral Consequences of Criminal Convictions:Confronting Issues of Race andDignityMichael Pinard20在关塔那摩麦迪逊式妥协可以使其幸免于拘留吗？Did the Madisonian Compromise Survive Detention at Guantanamo?Lumen N.Mulligan21枪支、黄油和法官：权衡涉及安全财富案件的司法框架Guns,Butter,and Judges:Judicial Frameworks for Cases Implicating Security-Wealth TradeoffsL.Rush Atlinson22将公共产品与私人产品结合在一起：可持续的有机物市场Bundling Public and Private Goods:the Market for Sustainable OrganicsMargot J.Pollans22拆穿谢尔曼法第二条购买者福利账户的假面具：哈佛如何给我们带来一个总福利标准以及我们为什么应该保持Debunking the Purchaser Welfare Account of Section2of the Sherman Act:How Harvard Brought Us a Total Welfare Standard and Why We Should Keep itAlan J.Meese23部分违宪Partial UnconstitutionalityKevin C.Walsh24通过不予执行撤销管制规定Deregulation Through NonenforcementDaniel T.Deacon25萧条过后：管理“大而不倒”非银行金融机构的新框架After the Fall:A New Framework to Regulate"Too Big to Fail"Non-Bank Financial InstitutionsAlison M.Hashmall25对阿尔韦托.藤森的审讯：为摆样子公审困境导航以寻求过渡正义The Trial of Alberto Fujimori:Navigating the Show Trial Dilemma in Pursuit of Transitional JusticeChristina T.Prusak26解读第四修正案：因伤害的引导赋予其生命Reading the Fourth Amendment:Guidance from the Mischief that Gave it BirthThe Honorable M.Blane Michael27数字保险？判决仅有DNA也可以定罪Safety in Numbers?Deciding when DNA Alone is Enough to ConvictAndrea Roth27文明国家：早期美国宪法、国家的法律以及对国际认可的追求A Civilized Nation:The Early American Constitution,the Law of Nations,and the Pursuit of International RecognitionDavid M.Golove&Daniel J.Hulsebosch28不可思议的犯罪：有智力缺陷的被告被控强奸罪Incomprehensible Crimes:Defendants with Mental Retardation Charged with Statutory RapeElizabeth Nevins-Saunders29中立法和与“基地”组织的冲突The Law of Neutrality and the Conflict with Al QaedaTess Bridgeman29“危害儿童”的可怕之物：评估传播下流内容管理背后的政府利益The Bogeyman of"Harm to Children":Evaluating the Government Interest Behind Broadcast Indecency RegulationJessica C.Collins30假设有联邦紧急机构的存在：构建紧急状态执行权力合法化的框架Imagining a Federal Emergency Board:A Framework for Legalizing Executive Emergency PowerRachel Goodman31剥夺对质权后还剩下什么？从克劳福德诉华盛顿案和济尔斯诉加利福尼亚案出发恢复第六修正案对不当行为后丧失权利规则的价值What Remains of the"Forfeited"Right to Confrontation?Restoring Sixth Amendment Values to the Forfeiture-by-Wrongdoing Rule in Light of Crawford v. Washington and Giles v.CaliforniaRebecca Sims Talbott32“协作起诉”以及第五修正案禁止自证其罪特权"Cooperative Prosecution"and the Fifth Amendment Privilege Against Self-IncriminationGregory O.Tuttle32“对于你要求的记录的存在与否，我们既不确认也不否认”：改革信息自由法案下的格洛玛式回答"[We]Can Neither Confirm nor Deny the Existence or Nonexistence of Records Responsive to Your Request":Reforming the Glomar Response Under FOIA Nathan Freed Wessler33遵循古德里奇案：反思政治、公众及个人对马萨诸塞州同性婚姻案例的反应In Goodridge's Wake:Reflections on the Political,Public,and Personal Repercussions of the Massachusetts Same-Sex Marriage Cases The Honorable Roderick L.Ireland34专利诉讼地域性PatentographyJeanne C.Fromer34第二修正案中的“人民”：公民身份及其携带武器的权利"The People"of the Second Amendment:Citizenship and the Right to Bear Arms Pratheepan Gulasekaram35功能性政治问题排除原则和针对兵役承包商的雇员侵权诉讼的可诉性The Functional Political Question Doctrine an the Justiciability of Employee Tort Suits Against Military Service ContractorsKristen L.Richer36依法制定：使总统任命的法定局限性免于违反宪法"Established by Law":Saving Statutory Limitations on Presidential Appointments from UnconstitutionalityMatthew A.Samberg36依据许可裁决：总检察长审查移民上诉委员会决定中程序保障的必要性Adjudication by Fiat:The Need for Procedural Safeguards in Attorney General Review of Board of Immigration Appeals DecisionsLaura S.Trice37碳排放额度投资可以交易吗？国际投资法下的表征及后果Are Tradable Carbon Emissions Credits Investments?Characterization and Ramifications Under International Investment LawLisa Bennett38通过网上信息流量控制标准格式合同条款：一项实证研究Disciplining Standard Form Contract Terms Through Online Information Flows:An Empirical StudyNishanth V.Chari38美国黑市的全球化：禁酒令，反毒品战争，以墨西哥为例Globalization of the U.S.Black Market:Prohibition,the War on Drugs,and the Case of MexicoSeth Harp39权力复兴The Reconstruction PowerJack M.Balkin40公共违法行为和私法案：早期共和国的损失补偿和政府责任Public Wrongs and Private Bills:Indemnification and Government Accountability in the Early RepublicJames E.Pfander&Jonathan L.Hunt41不公正的负效用The Disutility of InjusticePaul H.Robinson,Geoffrey P.Goodwin&Michael D.Reisig42地理标志制度？咖啡、地源以及监管责任GI Joe?Coffee,Location,and Regulatory AccountabilityWebster D.McBride43信息时代中的请愿Pleading in the Information AgeColin T.Reardon44非死刑比例原则理论的国家创新State Innovations in Noncapital Proportionality DoctrineJulia Fong Sheketoff44在刑事审判中克服多伯特案的缺点：导致多伯特案中有效性探究中主要因素的误差率Overcoming Daubert's Shortcomings in Criminal Trials:Making the Error Rate the Primary Factor in Daubert's Validity InquiryMunia Jabbar45国家安全优先原则：以化学安全管理条例为例National Security Preemption:The Case of Chemical Safety RegulationMichael Jo46编码法典：歧视意图、现代政治动员及地方移民条例Coded Codes:Discriminatory Intent,Modern Political Mobilization,and Local Immigration OrdinancesSofía D.Martos46改变人民：法律条例和美国民主Changing the People:Legal Regulation andAmerican DemocracyTabatha Abu El-Haj47正义的党派价值：对竞选捐赠和司法裁决的实证分析The Partisan Price of Justice:An Empirical Analysis of CampaignContributions andJudicial DecisionsMichael S.Kang&Joanna M.Shepherd48平衡最高法院公益实践的扭曲动机：对新的最高法院公益诉讼律师制度和公共利益实践团体的建议Counterbalancing DistortedIncentives in Supreme Court ProBono Practice:Recommendations for the New Supreme Court ProBono Bar and Public InterestPractice CommunitiesNancy Morawetz48适应287(g)的实施：从国家和地方执行移民法的视角反思案件移送程序中的抑制和终止学说Adapting to287(g)Enforcement:Rethinking Suppression andTermination Doctrinesin RemovalProceedings In Light of State andLocal Enforcement ofImmigration Law Carmen Gloria Iguina49撤销委员会在国际投资争端解决中心不断增加的不一致仲裁中的角色：抛弃以撤销为基础的制度的必要性The Annulment Committee’s Role inMultiplying Inconsistency in ICSIDArbitration:The Need to MoveAway from an Annulmentbased SystemDohyun Kim50中和毒品战争中附带结果的性别化Neutralizing the GenderedCollateral Consequences of theWar on DrugsMarne L.Lenox51谢弗林的遗憾：禁止授权原则的永葆活力Chevron’s Regrets:The Persistent Vitality of theNondelegation DoctrineMichael C.Pollack51政府作为股东和政治风险：紧急财政援助中的程序性保护The Government as Shareholder and Political Risk:ProceduralProtections in the BailoutMatthew R.Shahabian52撤销税收管制Tax DeregulationSteven A.Dean53作为授权的仲裁Arbitration as DelegationDavid Horton53分配正义Distributing JusticeAdam S.Zimmerman54审判确认的危机Noticing CrisisPieter S.De Ganon55钓鱼执法的判刑和不正当压力的加重刑罚Sentencing Entrapment and the Undue Influence EnhancementKirstin Kerr O’Connor55工作场所申诉程序：标志着公平但存在承诺升级问题Workplace Grievance Procedures:Signaling Fairness but Escalating Commitment Joshua C.Polster56麦迪逊讲座：继承我们的传统Madison Lecture:Living Our TraditionsThe Honorable Robert H.Henry56州执行联邦法律State Enforcement of Federal LawMargaret H.Lemos57修改Caremark标准，防止管理不善，保护金融公司股东A Modified Caremark Standard to Protect Shareholders of Financial Firm from Poor Risk ManagementAlec Orenstein57“解决工厂”及其公开化Sunlight and Settlement MillsNora Freeman Engstrom58枪支，法人：联合公民，麦当劳和未来法人的宪法性权利Guns,Inc.:Citizens United,McDonald,and the Future of Corporate Constitutional RightsDarrell ler59曼卡里的承诺：应将印第安人政治权利作为种族救济The Promise of Mancari:Indian Political Rights as Racial RemedyAddie C.Rolnick59政治行动委员会与之后的公民联合：提高竞选财政的数量与质量PACs Post-Citizens United:Improving Accountability and Equality in Campaign FinanceJeremy R.Peterman60医疗设备和优先规则：保护平行诉讼，基于违反联邦食品药品管理规定的非特殊设备要求Medical Devices and Preemption:A Defense of Parallel Claims Based on Violations of Non-Device Specific FDA RegulationsElliot Sheppard Tarloff60没有假释的生活：适用关塔那摩监狱关押犯无限期拘留的移民框架Life Without Parole:An Immigration Framework Applied to Potentially Indefinite Detention at Guantanamo BayLaura J.Arandes61解开Twombly-McDonnell之结：第七条款中程序规则的实质影响Untangling the Twombly-McDonnell Knot:The Substantive Impact of Procedural Rules in Title VII CasesAngela K.Herring62联邦贸易委员会的前沿：使用联邦贸易委员会法第五节的建议The Federal Trade Commission on the Frontier:Suggestions for the Use of Section5 Amy Marshak62别样的爱：揭示联邦政府对婚姻的种族管理The Other Loving:Uncovering the Federal Government's Racial Regulation of MarriageRose Cuison Villazor63宗教仲裁和新多元文化主义：讨论冲突的法律规则Religious Arbitration and the New Multiculturalism:Negotiating Conflicting Legal Orders64对犯意的分类Sorting Guilty MindsFrancis X.Shen,Morris B.Hoffman,Owen D.Jones,Joshua D.Greene,&Rene Marois Michael A.Helfand64我们是航行在已被占领的水域中吗？反思1990年《石油污染法案》中惩罚性赔偿的实用性Are We Sailing in Occupied Waters?:Rethinking the Availability of Punitive Damages Under the Oil Pollution Act of1990Lauren E.Hume65既非宪法也非合同：通过审查依据地区贸易协定而不受约束的法律限制来理解WTO规则Neither Constitution nor Contract:Understanding the WTO by Examining the Legal Limits on Contracting Out Through Regional Trade AgreementsJoanna Langille66国家作为改革实验室的新模式：联邦主义是如何公布教育政策的A New Model for States as Laboratories for Reform:How Federalism Informs Education PolicyShannon K.McGovern66税收作为监管工具：对扩大纽约市税收权的讨论Taxes as Regulatory Tools:An Argument for Expanding New York City's Taxing AuthorityErin Adele Scharff67“监视或者杀死”的困境：权力分立以及《外国情报监视法修正案》授权要求对在国外的美国公民进行监视The"Surveil or Kill"Dilemma:Separation of Powers and the FISA Amendments Act's Warrant Requirement for Surveillance of U.S.Citizens AbroadAnthony M.Shults68司法审查和动物的人道待遇Judicial Review and the Humane Treatment of AnimalsCraig A.Wenner68个人身份信息问题：隐私以及个人身份信息的新概念The PII Problem:Privacy and a New Concept of Personally Identifiable Information Paul M.Schwartz&Daniel J.Solove69刑事定罪的移民处罚：移民法中分类分析的复苏The Immigration Penalties of Criminal Convictions:Resurrecting Categorical Analysis in Immigration LawAlina Das70股东投票的政治The Politics of Shareholder VotingLee Harris71 Ariad案前沿的创新：重塑书面描述要求Innovations on the Cutting Edge of Ariad:Reinventing the Written Description RequirementJonathan E.Barbee72不良财产：关于在破产中综合环境反应、补偿与债务法案所提出的环境保护局的解决办法Toxic Assets:The EPA's Settlement of CERCLA Claims in BankruptcyScott E.Blair72裁剪规则：修补纯文本和机构资源约束之间的冲突The Tailoring Rule:Mending the Conflict Between Plain Text and Agency Resource ConstraintsKirti Datla73民主法律和Luther诉Bordens一案：对历史背道而驰The Law of Democracy and the Two Luther v.Bordens:A CounterhistoryAri J.Savitzky74非显而易见性分析中的补充考察：根据KSR诉Teleflex一案使用客观标记Secondary Considerations in Nonobviousness Analysis:The Use of Objective Indicia Following KSR v.TeleflexNatalie A.Thomas74惯例的颠覆：重塑州法院管理过程中关于司法能动主义的案例Overturning Precedent:The Case for Judicial Activism in Reengineering State Courts The Honorable Paul J.De Muniz75自传性谎言与第一修正案对自我评价言论的保护Autobiographical Lies And The First Amendment’s Protection Of Self-defining SpeechDavid S.Han76宪法的路径：补救措施最初的体系及其如何改变与法院如何应对The Path of the Constitution:The Original System of Remedies,How it Changed,and How the Court RespondedSina Kian77大规模监禁的种族批判：超越新的Jim CrowRacial Critiques of Mass Incarceration:Beyond the New Jim CrowJames Forman,Jr.77全球性的法律问题The Canon at the Water's EdgeThomas B.Bennett78校园反欺凌同性恋——反欺凌法令是解决办法？Anti-Gay Bullying in Schools—Are Anti-Bullying Statutes the Solution?Lisa C.Connolly78如何运营或管理一家公司？Boyle诉美国一案的见解How Does One Operate or Manage an Enterprise?Insights from Boyle v.United States Michael Levi Thomas79理性人The Reasonable PersonAlan ler&Ronen Perry80宗教与种族：论二元性与隔阂Religion and Race:On Duality and EntrenchmentJoy Milligan80谁想知道——又是为什么想知道？：最高法院神秘的从协会会员披露法豁免的Purposivist审查Who Wants to Know—And Why?:The Supreme Court's Secret Purposivist Test for Exemptions from Association Membership Disclosure LawsBrian J.Levy81期待性忠诚Prospective AllegianceAlexander N.Li82逆向而动：论干细胞的专利性与分化过程Stemming the Tide:On the Patentability of Stem Cells and Differentiation Processes Leeron Morad82急诊治疗和积极行动法案关于简易审判中诊疗赔偿的司法裁决Judicial Resolution of EMTALA Screening Claims at Summary JudgmentNathan S.Richards83法规Statutesthe Honorable Robert A.Katzmann83美国宪法影响力的下降the Declining Influence of the United States ConstitutionDavid w&Mila Versteeg84外交豁免的一段被遗忘的历史The Forgotten History of Foreign Official ImmunityChime Ne I.Keitner85矫正种族与性别：监狱通过着装调整社会等级结构Correcting Race and Gender:Prison Regulation of Social Hierarchy Through Dress Gabriel Arkles86通往破产模式的非集体合并诉讼Toward a Bankruptcy Model for Nonclass Aggregate LitigationTroy A.Mckenzie86交通等候过程中的歧视：经济数据如何证明种族特写的功亏一篑Discrimination During Traffic Stops:How an Economic Account Justifying Racial Profiling Falls ShortSean Childers87通过限制宪法性试验解决确权诉讼中宪法的不确定性Resolving Constitutional Uncertainty in Affirmative Action Through Constrained Constitutional ExperimentationSubash S.Iyer88潜移默化的Demsetz：街头卖艺的监管与产权的形成Demsetz undeRGround:Busking Regulation and the formation of Property Rights James Graham Lake88安全港的开启：数字千年版权法案下的责任规则制定Safe Harbor Startups:Liability Rulemaking under the DmcaBrian Leary89沉没的岛屿？制定解决气候变化式移民的现实政策Sinking Islands?Formulating a Realistic Solution to Climate Change Displacement Sheila C.Mcananey90提高国家的司法能力：国际刑事法院武装冲突罪之外的第一顺位的反人类罪Catalyzing National Judicial Capacity:the ICC’S First Crimes Against Humanity Outside Armed ConflictCarey Shenkman90盲目的专家意见Blind ExpertiseChristopher Tarver Robertson美国在其民事诉讼制度上花费了数十亿美元，且在绝大多数案件中都有专家证人的出现。
韩国-劳动福利框架法-英文版
This translation of Korea's labor laws is intended mainly asa convenience to the non-Korean-reading public. If any questions arise related to the accuracy of the information contained in the translation, please refer to the official Korean version of the laws. Any discrepancies or differences created in the translation are not binding and have no legal effect for compliance or enforcement purposes.*This Act reflects only the amendments made until January 27, 2016FRAMEWORK ACT ON LABOR WELFAREAct No. 6510, Aug. 14, 2001Amended by Act No. 6916, May 29, 2003Act No. 7159, Jan.29, 2004Act No. 7469, Mar. 31, 2005Act No.8135, Dec. 30, 2006Act No. 8635, Aug.3, 2007Act No.8852, Feb. 29, 2008Act No. 9042, Mar. 28, 2008Act No. 9407, Feb.3, 2009Act No. 9792, Oct.9, 2009Act No. 10303, May 17, 2010Act No. 10339, Jun.4, 2010Wholly Amended by Act No. 10361, Jun.8, 2010Act No. 11271, Feb.1, 2012Act No. 11461, Jun.1, 2012Act No. 11690, Mar. 23, 2013Act No. 11845, May 28, 2013Act No. 12370, Jan.28, 2014Act No. 12626, May 20, 2014Act No. 12844, Nov. 19, 2014Act No. 12989, Jan.6, 2015Act No. 13378, Jun. 22, 2015Act No. 13412, Jul.20, 2015Act No. 13900, Jan.27, 2016CHAPTER ⅠGeneral ProvisionsArticle 1 (Purpose)The purpose of this Act is to improve workers' quality of life and contribute to the balanced development of the national economy by prescribing matters necessary in establishing labor welfare policies and carrying out welfare projects.Article 2 (Definition)The meaning of terms used in this Act is as follows:1. “Worker” refers to a person who works for a business orworkplace for the purpose of earning wages regardless oftypes of occupation.2. “Employer” refers to a business owner, a person responsiblefor management of a business or a person who works onbehalf of a business owner with regard to matters relatingto workers.3. “Housing business operator” refers to a person who builds orpurchases houses for the purpose of selling or renting them toworkers.4. “Employee stock ownership association” refers to anorganization established by workers of a stock company inaccordance with the conditions prescribed in this Act in orderto acquire and manage shares of that stock company.5. “Employee shares" refers to shares of a joint-stock company,which are acquired by workers, etc., of that joint-stockcompany through an employee stock ownership associationestablished in the joint-stock company.Article 3 (Basic Principles of Labor Welfare Policies)(1) Labor welfare (excluding basic working conditions, such aswages and working hours; hereinafter the same shall apply.) policies shall aim to expand opportunities for workers to participate in economic and social activities, to promote their will to work and to improve their quality of life.(2) When labor welfare policies are established and implemented,consideration and support shall be given to ensure that workers are not subject to discrimination on the grounds of gender, age, physical conditions, employment status, religion, social status, etc.(3) When support is provided to improve workers’ welfarepursuant to this Act, it shall be ensured that preferential treatment is given to workers in small enterprises, fixed-term workers (referring to fixed-term workers under subparagraph 1 of Article 2 of the Act on the Protection, etc., of Fixed-term and Part-time Employees), part-time workers (referring to part-time workers under Article 2 (1) 8 of the Labor Standards Act), dispatched workers (referring to dispatched workers under subparagraph 5 of Article 2 of the Act on the Protection, etc., of Dispatched Workers; hereinafter the same shall apply), workers employed by subcontractors (referring to subcontractors under subparagraph 5 of Article 2 of the Act on the Collection, etc., of Premiums for Employment Insurance and Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance), low-income workers and workers with a long tenure.Article 4 (Responsibility of State or Local Governments)If the State or a local governments establishes and implements labor welfare policies, it shall make efforts to promote workers’ welfare by providing budgetary, fund, tax and financial support according to the basic principles of labor welfare policies prescribed in Article 3.Article 5 (Responsibility of Employers and Trade Unions)(1) An employer (referring to a person who carry out businessusing workers) shall make efforts to promote the welfare of workers in the workplace concerned and cooperate on labor welfare policies.(2) Trade unions and workers shall make efforts to improveproductivity by increasing their will to work and cooperate on labor welfare policies.Article 6 (Prohibition of Use for Other Purposes)Any person who receives subsidies or loans for labor welfare, such as stabilizing workers' housing, securing their livelihoods and creating their wealth, from the State or a local government shall use the money only for the intended projects.Article 7 (Fund Raising)(1) The State or a local government shall make active efforts toraise necessary funds for labor welfare projects under this Act.(2) The funds raised pursuant to paragraph (1) may becontributed or loaned to the Labor Welfare Promotion Fund under Article 87.Article 8 (Deliberation on Important Matters concerning Labor Welfare Promotion)The following matters concerning labor welfare under this Act shall be deliberated on by the Employment Policy Council (hereinafter referred to as “the Employment Policy Council”) under Article 10 of the Framework Act on Employment Policy:1. Basic plan on labor welfare promotion under Article 9 (1);2. Matters concerning the raising of funds needed for laborwelfare projects; and3. Other matters concerning labor welfare policy brought forwardby the chair of the Employment Policy Council.Article 9 (Establishment, etc., of Basic Plan)(1) The Minister of Employment and Labor shall establish a basicplan for labor welfare promotion (hereinafter referred to as “basic plan”) every five years in consultation with the heads of relev ant central administrative agencies.(2) A basic plan shall include the following matters: <Amended byAct No. 13900, Jan. 27, 2016>1. Matters on workers’ housing stability;2. Matters on workers’ livlihood stability;3. Matters on workers’ wealth c reation;4. Matters on employee stock ownership plans;5. Matters on the employee welfare fund system;6. Matters on support for selective welfare systems;7. Matters on the operation of employee support programs;8. Matters on the establishment and operation of welfarefacilities for workers:9 Matters on the raising of funds needed for labor welfareprojects;10. An evaluation of the immediately previous basic plan; and11. Other matters considered by the Minister of Labor to benecessary for labor welfare promotion.(3) When the Minister of Employment and Labor has establisheda basic plan, he/she shall report it to the competent standing committee of the National Assembly without delay and publish it. <Amended by Act No. 13900, Jan. 27, 2016>Article 10 (Provision of Materials and Use of Electronic Networks)(1) The Minister of Employment and Labor may request the heads of State agencies, such as the Courts, the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs, the Ministry of Health and Welfare, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport and the National Tax Service, and of local governments and relevant institutions and organizations to provide the following materials and to make related electronic networks available for use in order to carry out labor welfare projects under this Act, such as providing livelihood stability funds under Article 19 and providing credit guarantees under Article 22. In such cases, the head of the State agency and local government and the relevant institution and organization requested to provide materials, etc., shall comply unless there is any justifiable reason not to do so. <Amended by Act No. 11690, Mar. 23, 2013; Act No. 12370, Jan. 28, 2014; and Act No. 12844, Nov. 19, 2014>1. Certificate of income (for individual taxpayers who file globalincome tax returns, for individual taxpayers who file businessincome tax returns and for wage and salary income earners);2. Certified or abridged copy of the resident registration table;3. Family relation register (family relation certificate, marriagerelation certificate and identification certificate);4. Local tax imposition certification per item;5. Vehicle and construction machinery register;6. Certified copy of the building and land register;7. Certificate of registration of corporation.(2) The use of materials provided to the Minister of Employmentand Labor and of electronic networks under paragraph (1) shall be exempt from fees or usage charges, etc.(3) If the Minister of Employment and Labor requests provisionof materials and use of related electronic networks pursuant to paragraph (1), he/she shall obtain the consent of the person concerned. <Newly Inserted by Act No. 12370, Jan. 28, 2014> Article 11 (Consultation on Implementation of Labor Welfare Projects) If a local government or a state-subsidized nonprofit corporation implements a labor welfare project, it shall consult with the Minister of Employment and Labor.Article 12 (Financial Institutions Engaging in Loan Activities)(1) The State or a local government may have the followingfinancial companies, etc., (hereinafter referred to as “institutions engaging in loan activities”) engage in loan activities under this Act:1. A bank established under Article 8 (1) of the Banking Act; and2. Other financial company, etc. prescribed by the PresidentialDecree.(2) The Minister of Employment and Labor and the head of alocal government may give priority to financial institutions which give preferential loans to workers, in engaging in loan activities, etc., under this Act.Article 13 (Tax Incentives)The State or the head of a local government may provide tax incentives, as prescribed in taxation-related Acts in order to promote workers’ welfare, including stabilizing workers’ housing, securing their livelihoods, creating their wealth, setting up and operating labor welfare facilities and labor welfare promotion funds, promoting employee stock ownership plans and employee welfare funds and so on.Article 14 (Operation of Labor Welfare Information System)(1) The Minister of Employment and Labor may establish andoperate a labor welfare information system in order toimplement labor welfare policies effectively.(2) The Minister of Employment and Labor many providesupport for the operation of employee support programs and selective welfare systems through the labor welfare information system under paragraph (1).CHAPTER ⅡPublic Labor WelfareSECTION IWorkers’ Housing StabilityArticle 15 (Operation of Workers Housing Supply System)(1) In order to support the acquisition or rental of housing byworkers, the State and a local government may operate a system of ensuring that a housing business operator sells or leases (hereinafter referred to as “supply”) houses preferentially to workers.(2) The Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport shallinclude a plan to supply houses to workers (hereinafter referred to as “housing for workers”) pursuant to paragraph (1) in the comprehensive housing plan under Article 5 of the Framework Act on Housing. <Amended by Act No. 11690, Mar. 23, 2013 and Act No.13378, Jun. 22, 2015>(3) Types and sizes of housing for workers, workers to besupplied with housing, supply methods and other necessary matters shall be determined by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport in consultation with the Minister of Employment and Labor.<Amended by Act No. 11690, Mar. 23, 2013>Article 16 (Lending of Workers' Housing Funds)(1) In any of the following cases, the State may provide supportthrough the Housing and Urban Development Fund under the Housing and Urban Development Fund Act to ensure that a housing business operator or a worker can get necessary funds (hereinafter referred to as “workers' housing funds”): <Amended by Act No. 12989, Jan. 6, 2015>1. Where a housing business operator builds or purchaseshousing for workers; and2. Where a worker acquires housing for workers from a housingbusiness operator.(2) Necessary matters concerning those eligible for, andprocedures for, getting workers' housing funds, and other supports shall be determined by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport in consultation with the Minister of Employment and Labor.<Amended by Act No. 11690, Mar. 23, 2013>Article 17 (Lending of Housing Purchase Funds, etc.)(1) For workers’ housing stability, the State may provide supportthrough the Housing and Urban Development Fund under the Housing and Urban Development Fund Act to ensure that a worker can get necessary funds (hereinafter referred to as “housing purchase funds, etc.”) if he/she purchases, newly constructs or rentsa house. <Amended by Act No. 12989, Jan. 6, 2015>(2) The State or a local government may have institutions engagingin loan activities lend housing purchase funds, etc., to workers at an interest rate lower than the market rate and pay the balance.(3) Necessary matters concerning those eligible for, andprocedures for, getting housing purchase funds, etc, and other supports shall be determined by the Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport in consultation with the Minister of Employment and Labor. <Amended by Act No. 11690, Mar. 23, 2013>Article 18 (Support for Moving, etc., by Workers)The State may provide necessary support for the housing stability of workers who move or live far away from their families as a result of employment, a change of workplace, etc.SECTION ⅡWorkers’ Livlihood Stability and Wealth CreationArticle 19 (Provision of Livlihood Stability Funds)(1) The State shall provide necessary support, such as loans forthe medical, wedding, funeral expenses, etc., of workers and their families, in order to support workers’ livlihood stability.(2) Considering the economic situation, the time when workersneed livlihood stability funds, and so on, the State mayprovide necessary support, such as loans for living expenses, etc., in order to stabilize the livelihoods of workers, etc., who do not receive their wages.(3) Necessary matters concerning those eligible for andprocedures for, support for medical, wedding, funeral, living expenses, etc., under paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be prescribed by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Employment and Labor.Article 20 (Support, etc., for School Expenses)(1) The State may provide necessary support, such asscholarship or loans for school expenses, etc., in order to expand opportunities for workers and their children to receive education.(2) Necessary matters concerning those eligible for, andprocedures for, receiving scholarship and loans for school expenses shall be prescribed by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Employment and Labor.Article 21 (Preferential Savings Account for Workers)The State shall operate a savings system giving preferential treatment to workers in order to support workers' wealth creation.SECTION IIISupport for Credit Guarantee for WorkersArticle 22 (Credit Guarantee and Those Eligible Therefor)(1) If a debt is incurred by a worker with a lack of collateral(including the unemployed who have been registered as job seekers and accident victims under the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Chapter) as a result of borrowing livelihood stability funds, school expenses, etc., from a financial company, etc., the Korea Workers Compensation and Welfare Service (hereinafter referred to as “Service”) under the Industrial Accident Compensation Insurance Act may guarantee the debt in accordance with a contract with that financial company, etc.In such cases, types of loans and workers subject to such guarantee shall be prescribed by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Employment and Labor.(2) The contract made between the Service and a financialcompany, etc., under paragraph (1) shall contain the following matters:1. A statement saying that the debt referred to in paragraph(1) is guaranteed;2. Types of loans and workers subject to the credit guarantee;3. Guaranteed maximum amount per worker;4. Reasons for, and period and method of, a claim for repaymentof guaranteed debts;5. Examination for, and extent of, subrogation and the share oflosses borne by the financial company, etc.;6. Matters concerning the operation of the credit guaranteesystem, of which the financial company, etc. shall notify theService; and7. Other matters necessary for a credit guarantee for workers.(3) If the Service intends to sign or alter the contract prescribedin paragraph (1), it shall obtain approval from the Minister of Employment and Labor.Article 23 (Guarantee Relationship)(1) If the Service has decided to provide a credit guarantee for aworker, it shall give notice thereof to the worker and the financial company, etc. from which the worker intends to get loans.(2) A credit guarantee relationship is established at the timewhen the financial company, etc., to whom the notice under paragraph (1) has been given makes loans to the worker concerned. Article 24 (Fees for Guarantee)The Service may collect guarantee fees from a worker whose credit is guaranteed pursuant to Article 22 at an annual interest rate not exceeding 1/100 of the guaranteed amount, as prescribed by the Presidential Decree.Article 25 (Obligation of Notification)In any of the following cases, a financial company, etc., to which notice has been given pursuant to Article 23 shall give notice thereof to the Service without delay:1. Where the main creditor-debtor relationship has beenestablished;2. Where all or part of the main debt is extinguished;3. Where the worker fails to repay the debt;4. Where the worker loses the benefit of time; or5. Where there occurs any other reason which might influencethe guaranteed debt.Article 26 (Repayment etc., of Guaranteed Debt)(1) A financial company, etc., which provides loan servicespursuant to Article 22 (1) may make a claim against the Service for repayment of guaranteed debts under the same Article, if there occurs a reason to claim repayment of guaranteed debts.(2) If a financial company, etc., claims repayment of guaranteeddebts pursuant to paragraph (1), the Service shall make a subrogated payment in accordance with the terms of the contract under Article 22 (2).(3) If the Service has repaid guaranteed debts pursuant toparagraph (2), it may directly exercise the right to indemnity or entrust the exercise of that right to a financial company, etc.(4) The financial company, etc., entrusted with the exercise ofthe right to indemnity pursuant to paragraph (3) may take all judicial and non-judicial actions relating to the exercise of the right to indemnity on behalf of the Service.Article 27 (Late Interest)If the Service has paid guaranteed debts, it may collect late interest on the paid amount from the worker concerned at an annual rate not exceeding 20/100 from the date of payment until when the worker reimburses the amount, as prescribed by the Presidential Decree. In such cases, the late interest shall not exceed the paid amount.SECTION ⅥSupport for Labor Welfare Facilities, etc.Article 28 (Support for Establishment, etc. of Labor Welfare Facilities)(1) The State and a local government shall make efforts toestablish and operate labor welfare facilities (hereinafter referred to as “labor welfare facilities”).(2) The Minister of Employment and Labor may set standards forthe establishment of labor welfare facilities in consideration of the type of business and the number of workers in the workplace and recommend an employer to establish them.(3) The State may provide necessary support, if an employer(including an employers’ association; hereinafter the same shall apply in this Article), a trade union (including local chapters, branches, etc.,; hereinafter the same shall apply.), the Service or a nonprofit corporation sets up and operates labor welfare facilities.(4) If a local government, an employer, a trade union, the Serviceor a nonprofit corporation establishes and operates labor welfare facilities, the State may support part of the costs within the limits of its budget.Article 29 (Entrustment of Operation of Labor Welfare Facilities)(1) The State or a local government may entrust the Service or anonprofit organization to operate the labor welfare facilities established pursuant to Article 28 (1), if it is necessary for their efficient operation.(2) If the State or a local government entrusts the operation oflabor welfare facilities pursuant to paragraph (1), it may subsidize part of the costs of operation within the limits of its budget.Article 30 (Fees, etc.)A person who establishes and operates labor welfare facilitiesmay restrict some people from using the labor welfare facilities or charge different fees in consideration of the income levels, family relations, etc. of workers.Article 31 (Support for Cost of Using Private Welfare Facilities)(1) If a worker under Article 3 (3) uses a welfare facility operatedby a private agency because he/she has difficulties in using the labor welfare facilities set up by the Sate or a local government under Article 28 (1), part of the costs may be provided.(2) Necessary matters concerning those eligible for the support,procedures, etc., under paragraph (1) shall be prescribed by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Employment and Labor.CHAPTER ⅢCorporate Labor WelfareSECTION IEmployee Stock Ownership PlanArticle 32 (Purpose of Employee Stock Ownership Plan)The purpose of an employee stock ownership plan is to improve workers’ economic and social status and promote cooperati on between labor and management by allowing workers to acquire and hold shares of a joint-stock company (hereinafter referred to as “company implementing an employee stock ownership plan”) where an employee stock ownership association has been set up, through the employee stock ownership association.Article 33 (Establishment of Employee Stock Ownership Association)(1) Workers of a joint-stock company, who intend to set up anemployee stock ownership association, may organize a preparatory committee on the establishment of an employee stock ownership association with the consent of two or more workers qualified to become an employee stock ownership association member under Article 34 and establish an employee stock ownership association, as prescribed by the Presidential Decree. In such cases, the preparatory committee on the establishment of an employee stock ownership association shall consult with the company in advance over the matters prescribed by the Ordinance of the Ministry of Employment and Labor, including matters concerning the company's support for the establishment of an employee stock ownership association.<Amended by Act No. 13412, Jul. 20, 2015>(2) The provisions on incorporated associations in the Civil Actshall apply mutatis mutandis to the establishment and operation of an employee stock ownership association, except as provided for in this Act.Article 34 (Qualifications,etc., for Membership of Employee StockOwnership Association)(1) A worker who is qualified to join as a member of an employeestock ownership association set up in a company implementing an employee stock ownership plan is as follows:1. Any worker of a company implementing an employee stockownership plan;2. Any worker of a joint-stock company (hereinafter referred to as“affiliated company”) controled by a company implementing anemployee stock ownership plan by owning 50/100 or more ofits total issued shares as prescribed by thePresidential Decree or any worker of a joint-stock company(hereinafter referred to as “contract company”) to which acompany implementing an employee stock ownership planawards a contract and whose sales to that company accountfor 50/100 or more of its total annual sales of the previousyear, and who meets all of the following requirements:A. In cases of an affiliated company or a contract company,the worker shall obtain consent from a majority of allworkers of the affiliated company or contract company;B. The worker shall obtain consent from the employeestock ownership association set up in the company implementing the employee stock ownership plan; and C. Ifthere is an employee stock ownership association set up in the affiliated company or contract company, such anassociation shall be dissolved: Provided, That this shall not apply in cases specified in the proviso toArticle 47 (1) 4.(2) If a person falls under any of the following subparagraphs, he/she shall not become a member of an employee stock ownership association set up in a company implementing an employee stock ownership plan, and if an employee stock ownership association member falls under any of the following subparagraphs, he/she shall lose his/her membership: Provided, That a worker falling under subparagraph 1 may maintain his/her membership of an employee stock ownership association, but only for the shares of the company implementing an employee stock ownership plan, which are allocated to him/her under Article 37, and employee stock option granted to him/her under Article 39:1. A person appointed as officer at a general shareholders’meeting of the company implementing an employee stockownership plan, affiliated company and contract company;2. A worker of the company implementing an employee stockownership plan, affiliated company and contract company,who is a shareholder thereof: Provided, That this shall notapply to the minority shareholders prescribed by thePresidential Decree;3. A worker of the affiliated company or contract companywhere an employee stock ownership association is set up inthe company to which the worker belongs after he/she has joined the employee stock ownership association set up in the company implementing an employee stock ownership plan;4. Other workers prescribed by the Presidential Decree, whosemembership of an employee stock ownership association ishard to acknowledge given his/her length of service, theunique nature of his/her employment relationship, etc.(3) An employee stock ownership association member mayfreely withdraw from the employee stock ownership association: Provided, That an employee stock ownership association member who has withdrawn from an employee stock ownership association may be restricted from joining the association again for a period of up to two years, set by the association rules under Article 35 (2) 1.(4) If any change is made to membership of an employee stockownership association set up in a company implementing an employee stock ownership plan as the company to which the worker belongs falls under any of the following subparagraphs, the worker shall maintain his/her membership of the employee stock ownership association set up in the company implementing an employee stock ownership plan prior to that change only for the shares of the company implementing an employee stock ownership plan, which are allocated to him/her under Article 37, and employee stock option granted to him/her under Article 39:1. Where the company is incorporated into, or excluded from, itsaffiliated company; or2. Where the company is incorporated into, or excluded from, itscontract companyArticle 35 (Operation of Employee Stock Ownership Association)(1) An employee stock ownership association shall be operatedin a democratic way by reflecting the opinions of all members of the association.(2) The following matters shall be subject to resolution at ageneral meeting of employee stock ownership association members:1. Matters regarding the establishment and revision ofassociation rules;2. Matters regarding the creation of an employee stockownership association fund pursuant to Article 36;3. Matters regarding the budget and settlement of accounts;4. Matters regarding the election of officers, including therepresentative of the employee stock ownership association;and5. Other important matters regarding the operation of theemployee stock ownership association。
宪法和我的生活作文英语
宪法和我的生活作文英语英文：Constitution and My Life。
As a citizen of a country, the Constitution plays a crucial role in my life. It is the supreme law of the land and provides the framework for the government and the rights and freedoms of its citizens. The Constitution is not just a legal document, but it is also a reflection of the values and ideals of a society.One of the most significant ways the Constitution affects my life is through the protection of my rights and freedoms. The Bill of Rights guarantees my freedom of speech, religion, and assembly, among other things. These rights are essential to me as they allow me to express myself and participate in society without fear of persecution.Another way the Constitution impacts my life is through the separation of powers. The Constitution divides the government into three branches, the legislative, executive, and judicial, each with its own distinct powers and responsibilities. This separation ensures that no one branch of government becomes too powerful, which helps to maintain a balance of power and protect against tyranny.The Constitution also affects my life through the electoral process. As a citizen, I have the right to vote and participate in the democratic process. This right allows me to have a say in who represents me and makes decisions on my behalf.In addition to these examples, the Constitution also influences my life in many other ways. It sets the standards for the rule of law, protects property rights, and establishes the framework for the government to provide for the general welfare of its citizens.中文：宪法和我的生活。
英国0-5岁幼儿教育EYFS修正方案探讨
英 國 0—5 歲 幼 兒 教 育 EYFS 修 正 方 案 探 討
段慧瑩 *
摘要
本文以文獻分析方法探究英國兒童、學校與家庭部自 2008 年九月實施的 「幼兒基礎階段」之相關學習與發展綱要內涵。「幼兒基礎階段」實施對象為 出生至 5 歲進入小學前的幼兒，內容涵蓋學習、發展與照顧的品質管理準則， 配合已實施的「穩健起步」方案，制定各年齡階段教育與照顧體系發展目標、 教學活動、學習內涵與評量等基準架構。該教育方案以社區為基礎架構綿密托 育服務網路，強調個別化親職支持，整合出生至學齡前照顧與教育兩大體制的 服務，提供多樣化服務供應與免費優惠入學方案等特色，足為我國幼教改革之 借鏡。 英國、0—5 歲、學習與發展綱 EYFS 修正方案探討
第二，免受傷害或忽略的安全環境（staying safe）； 第三，學習充實且能達到目標的生活（enjoying and achieving）； 第四、積極貢獻社會（making a positive contribution）； 第五，以及充分發揮潛能建立穩定的經濟條件（achieving economic well-being）。 本文主要參考兒童、學校與家庭部（Department for Children, Schools and Families，DCSF）針對幼兒基礎階段出版專門為幼教工作者與機構所提供的《幼兒 基礎階段實施架構綱要》（Statutory framework for the early years foundation stage） （DCSF, 2008a）、《幼兒基礎階段實務指引》（Thepractice guidance for the early years foundation stage）（DCSF, 2008b, 2008c）等文獻，就幼兒基礎階段修正新 制改革之內容、發展及其影響進行探討，並與我國幼托整合方案進行相關評析， 期借鏡英國他山之石經驗，省思我國幼教改革政策與措施。
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What is our Goal?
“I had spent almost ten of my twelve years in foster care; I was now living in my fourteenth placement.”
From Three Little Words by Ashley Rhodes-Courter
Delivered by Regional Training Academies, the Inter-University Consortium (in LA) and counties
Evaluated and coordinated by CalSWEC
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7 Topics with Standardized Content
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Evidence-based Practice
What is evidence-based practices related to EBP?
Framework for Child Welfare Practice Child and Youth Development Child Maltreatment Identification 1 Child Maltreatment Identification 2 Critical Thinking in Child Welfare
Adult learning occurs best when participants identify and focus on a specific outcome
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Framework Learning Objectives
Review the Learning Objectives in your Binder
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5 Key Provisions of ASFA
Read about these 5 key provisions and explain them to your partner or group
Permanency Hearings Permanency Timeline Reunification Guidelines Safety Checks Accountability
Framework for Child Welfare Practice
Version 2.0, 2019
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What Are My Strengths?
Find your top three strengths Identify how the strengths will help you in
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Where does the data come from?
YOU!
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Federal and State Outcome Measures
Measure Safety, Permanency and Well-being
Safety: Recurrence of maltreatment Safety: Maltreatment in foster care Permanency: Time to permanency Permanency: Reunification rate Permanency: Adoption rate Well-being: Medical and dental care
Flag this page with a post-it note
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Linking Strengths to Themes
Safety, Permanence and Well-being Engagement Teaming Fairness and Equity Strength-based Practice Evidence-based Practice Outcomes-informed Practice
It includes assessment of potential adoptive families wherever they might reside
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Core Themes of Practice
The seven themes of practice are included throughout the core curriculum and identified with these icons:
workers Must be completed within their two years
of hire
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California’s Training System
Developed by social workers, trainers, subject matter experts and stakeholders
promote
permanency and
permanent
connections
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Values and Principles Self Assessment
Identify your strengths and needs related to the California themes of practice
How many children had a substantiated allegation of abuse or neglect in 2019 in California? 87,263
How many children were in foster care in California on July 1, 2019? 53,550
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Child and Family Services Review
County Self Assessment (CSA)
System Improvement Plan (SIP)
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An Interdependent System
California is a county run child welfare system, but county funding is linked to meeting state requirements
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Adoption and Safe Families Act
ASFA identified three goals for child welfare:
Safety Permanency Well-being
ASFA also called for ongoing improvement within the child welfare system
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California Themes of Practice
Safety, Permanence and Well-being Engagement Teaming Fairness and Equity Strength-based Practice Evidence-based Practice Outcomes-informed Practice
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How is California doing?
65% of those who reunified in 2019 did so within 12 months The national goal is 75.2%
12% who reunify end up returning to foster care (re-entry) The national goal is 9.9%
Changes in laws are interpreted by the state through All County Letters (ACL) and then become county policy
The CFSR includes a federal review of the state’s progress and a state review of the counties’ progress
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Themes in Action
We use every interaction with families, youth and children throughout the life of each case to:
assess safety,
promote child and family wellbeing, and
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Timely Reunification
Combines measurement of: The number of children who are reunified within 12 months The median length of time children spend in foster care before they are reunified The number of children who re-enter foster care within a year of reunification
Identify the ones we have already covered today
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Your Learning Goal
What is your learning goal for the rest of the day?
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Core Training in California
Standardized Common Core Curricula Required for all new child welfare social
you work Find a resource for a strength you want to
develop