Unit 9 What Is Happiness Words and Expressions综合教程二
Unit 9 What is happiness ppt课件
On happiness
• The level of happiness – Chinese cities
.
The pursuit of happiness
• On national level • On individual level
– definition of happiness – choices of life
– issue a passport/permit/visa etc.
– e.g.: Visitors are issued with identity cards to wear inside the factory.
– The police in Britain are not usually issued with guns..ຫໍສະໝຸດ Global Reading
• The purpose of writing
– A. To attempt a definition of happiness by setting some extremes to the idea and then working in toward the middle.
Unit 9
What Is Happiness?
.
Brainstorming
love
health
power
happiness …
friends
? family
.
On Happiness
• Everyone has their own definition of happiness. • Life is not what other people's thinking, but is
(完整版)Unit-9-What-is-happiness课文翻译
Unit 9 What Is Happiness?The right to pursue happiness is issued to Americans with their birth certificates, but no one seems quite sure which way it runs. It may be we are issued a hunting license but offered no game. Jonathan Swift seemed to think so w hen he attacked the idea of happiness as “the possession of being well-deceived,” the felicity of being “a fool among knaves.” For Swift saw society as Vanity Fair, the land of false goals.自从呱呱坠地，美国人就被赋予了追求幸福的权利，但似乎没人确信幸福究竟在哪里。
正如它发给我们狩猎证，却不给我们提供猎物。
乔纳森•斯威福特似乎持此观点，他抨击幸福的想法是“鬼迷心窍的上当，”是“骗子堆中的傻瓜”的自鸣得意。
因为他视社会为虚妄目标聚集的名利场。
It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves. We do, however, seem to be dedicated to the idea of buying our way to happiness. We shall all have made it to Heaven when we possess enough.当然用傻子、骗子这样的字眼来形容是不合美国的人的风俗习惯的，然后我们似乎确实沉溺于用金钱购买幸福的想法：只要有足够的钱，我们百年后就能上天堂。
大学英语精读Unit9 What is happiness课件
明天将是你的第一天
.if you'd like to work here as a broker. 如果你想在这里做经纪人的 话 Would you like that,Chris? 你愿意吗，克里斯？
Chris:Yes,sir. 是的，先生 。
Mr.Frohm:Good. We couldn't be happier. 好极了，我们太高兴了
?面朝大海春暖花开?从明天起做一个幸福的人?喂马劈柴周游世界?从明天起关心粮食和蔬菜?我有一所房子面朝大海春暖花开?从明天起和每一个亲人通信?告诉他们我的幸福?那幸福的闪电告诉我的面朝大海春暖花开?我将告诉每一个人?给每一条河每一座山?取一个温暖的名字?陌生人我也为你祝福?愿你有一个灿烂的前程?愿你有情人终成眷属?愿你在尘世获得幸福?我只愿面朝大海春暖花开definitionsofhappinesswhatshappiness
This definition is a good starting point and we can dig deeper from it. The best way to do that is to consult some of the greatest minds in history. So we researched what these people say about Happiness and found 10 essential definitions. Each of them has deep meaning. Take your time to absorb it.
with spring blossoms.
May you have a brilliant future!
May you lovers eventually become spouse!
Unit 9 What Is Happiness答案综合教程二
Unit 9 What Is HappinessKey to the ExercisesText comprehensionI.AII.1. T;2. F;3. F;4. T;5. F.III.1. He means that one is given the right to pursue happiness, but does not know what it is.2. Because he believes that commercial advertising not only fails to satisfy our desires, but more importantly it creates them, and it creates them faster than any man's budget can satisfy them. Such insatiability makes people unhappy.3. Because he thinks that the products and pursuits advertised on the front pages of women's magazines are dreamlike and can't be fulfilled.4. He set two extremes according to Thoreau, the low level and the high level. The former refers to possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood, while the latter refers to active discipline of heightening one's perception of what is enduring in nature. To find balance is to save time and effort on the low levels and spend on the high.5. The inherent right is not happiness itself, but lies in the pursuit of happiness, in the pursuit of what is life-engaging and life-revealing, i.e. in the idea of becoming.IV.1. Jonathan Swift seemed to share this view when he criticized this idea of happiness as the state of being completely controlled by deception …2. The active exercise or training to improve one's understanding of what is of lasting value would have been Thoreau's idea of the high levels, i.e. spiritual happiness.Structural analysis of the textPart 1 (Para. 1, 2): The author points out that when we are not sure what happiness is, we tend to be misled by the idea that we can buy our way to it.Part 2 (Para. 3, 4, 5, 6): The author offers a number of examples to show how this misconception of happiness gives rise to the “happiness-market”in a highly commercialized society (the United States).Part 3 (Para. 7, 8, 9): The author suggests striking a balance between what Thoreau called the low levels and the high levels.Part 4 (Para. 10): The author gives his understanding of happiness, in the light of theFounding Fathers' belief that it is “in the idea of becoming”.VocabularyI. Phrase1. un-American: not typical of the attitudes, ways of life, etc., that are approved of or considered normal in the US2. commercialism: the activities or attitudes of people who think that making a profit ismoreimportant than anything else; emphasis on the maximizing of profit 商业主义3. for that matter: it is also true that …(The phrase “for that matter”is used to emphasize that sth., though mentioned second, is also true, important, or relevant as what has been mentioned earlier.) 就此而论，在这方面, 同样4. face: aspect 方面5. in nature: essentially 事实上，本质上II.1. perpetual;2. functions;3. inherent;4. cited;5. approaching;6. flawless;7. vaguely;8. disciplining.III. Word derivationFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. pursuit2. deception3. dedication4. commercial5. patriotic6. fictional7. disapproval8. starvingIV.1. C;2. B;3. D;4. B;5. D;6. A;7. C;8. D.V. Synonym / Antonym1. hugely —Synonym: enormously, tremendously;deliberately —Antonym: unintentionally, accidentally2. Synonym: perfect, spotless3. Antonym: inhale4. Antonym: impartial, unbiased5. Antonym: imbalance6. Synonym: have, own7. Synonym: fixed, stationary, quietVI. Prefix / SuffixWrite in each space one word that has the same stem as underlined in each given word.1. contain obtain2. concede precede3. compel repel4. suspend depend5. include conclude6. insist consistascend 7. descend8. evolve revolveGrammar ExercisesI. Complete the sentences below with suitable pronouns.1. yourself;2. You / We; you / we3. you / one / we4. it5. one another6. They / We7. myself8. yourself9. it10. I; We; They; us; They; it; weII.There; There; There; There; There;It; there; There; It; there.ThereIII. Replace the underlined parts in the following sentences with non-finite clauses or verbless clauses.1. While flattered, …2. …whether to go upstairs or to follow …3. Whenever possible, …4. …if left untreated.5. …if ready.6. Though no swimmer, …7. Once over the pass, …8. Whether by accident or by design, …IV.1. Once;2. Though;3. If;4. when;5. whether;6. Unless;7. Before;8. After.V.1. c;2. b;3. b;4. c;8. d.7. d; 6. d; 5. a;TranslationI.1. 广告是一项主要产业，它的存在与其说是为了满足人们的欲望；不如说是为了激发他们的欲望——而且是以超出任何人的收入所能承受的速度激发这些欲望。
(完整版)Unit-9-What-is-happiness课文翻译
Unit 9 What Is Happiness?The right to pursue happiness is issued to Americans with their birth certificates, but no one seems quite sure which way it runs. It may be we are issued a hunting license but offered no game. Jonathan Swift seemed to think so w hen he attacked the idea of happiness as “the possession of being well-deceived,” the felicity of being “a fool among knaves.” For Swift saw society as Vanity Fair, the land of false goals.自从呱呱坠地，美国人就被赋予了追求幸福的权利，但似乎没人确信幸福究竟在哪里。
正如它发给我们狩猎证，却不给我们提供猎物。
乔纳森•斯威福特似乎持此观点，他抨击幸福的想法是“鬼迷心窍的上当，”是“骗子堆中的傻瓜”的自鸣得意。
因为他视社会为虚妄目标聚集的名利场。
It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves. We do, however, seem to be dedicated to the idea of buying our way to happiness. We shall all have made it to Heaven when we possess enough.当然用傻子、骗子这样的字眼来形容是不合美国的人的风俗习惯的，然后我们似乎确实沉溺于用金钱购买幸福的想法：只要有足够的钱，我们百年后就能上天堂。
英语专业综合教程2Unit9what is happiness
Text analysis
Structural analysis
2. What‘s the author‘s purpose of writing? To attempt a definition of happiness by setting some extremes to the idea and then working in toward the middle.
3-7
Main idea
Structural analysis
Paragraphs
8-9
Main idea The author suggests striking a balance between what Thoreau called the low levels and the high levels.
Unit 9
Audiovisual supplement
Cultural information
Watch the video and answer the following questions. 1. What happened to Chris? It was the last day of Chris‘ internship at a prestigious stock brokerage firm. At last he got the job as a broker. This could change his life. So after meeting the managers, Chris got his happiness. 2. Do you have the experience that you struggled so hard to achieve something, and at last you made it? Open.
unit 9 what is happiness
Text analysis and language points
• Part One (1-2) :The author points out that when we are not sure what happiness is, we tend to be misled by the idea that we can buy our way to it. • Part Two (3-7) : The author offers a number of examples to show how this misconception of happiness gives rise to the “happiness-market” in a highly commercialized society (the United States).
• Df • The Pursuit of Happyness (当幸福来敲门时) is a 2006 American biographical drama film, directed by Gabriele Muccino and based on the true story of Chris Gardner. Gardner, the hero of the film, is an onand-off-homeless salesmanturned stockbroker.
• Part Three (8-9) : The author suggests striking a balance between what Thoreau called the low levels and the high levels. • Part Four (10) : The author gives his understanding of happiness, in the light of the Founding Fathers’ belief that it is “in the idea of becoming”.
Unit 9 What is happiness课文翻译综合教程二
Unit 9 What is happiness课文翻译综合教程二嗨，伙计们！今天我们来聊聊一个让人们心驰神往的话题——幸福。
幸福是什么？这个问题可难倒了不少人。
有人说幸福就是拥有一份高薪工作，有人说幸福就是拥有一个美满的家庭，还有人说幸福就是拥有健康的身体。
到底什么是真正的幸福呢？让我们来看看第一个小节。
1.1 幸福的定义。
幸福这个词儿听起来就很美好，让人想起了阳光、沙滩和冰淇淋。
幸福到底是什么呢？其实，幸福就是一个感觉，一种让你感到满足、快乐和安心的感觉。
这种感觉可能来自于你的工作、家庭、朋友或者爱好。
幸福是一个非常主观的概念，每个人都有自己的幸福标准。
我们来看看第二个小节。
2.1 幸福与金钱的关系。
有些人认为，只要有钱，就能买到幸福。
可是，事实真的是这样吗？让我们来举个例子吧。
有一个人，他拥有了全世界所有的财富，但是他却感到非常孤独和空虚。
因为他发现，金钱买不到真正的友谊和爱情。
金钱虽然重要，但它并不是幸福的全部。
现在，我们来到了第三个小节。
3.1 幸福的来源。
幸福到底来自哪里呢？其实，幸福来自于我们内心的满足感。
当我们对自己的生活感到满意时，我们就会感到幸福。
而这种满足感往往来自于我们的工作、家庭和朋友。
比如说，当你在工作中取得了成就感，当你和家人朋友共度美好时光时，你就会感到幸福。
我们来看看第四个小节。
3.2 如何追求幸福。
如何才能追求到幸福呢？我们要明确自己的幸福标准。
每个人都有自己的梦想和期望，只有明确了自己想要的东西，才能更好地去追求。
我们要努力实现自己的目标。
没有付出就没有收获，只有通过努力工作，才能让自己的生活更加美好。
我们要学会珍惜眼前的幸福。
有时候，我们总是把目光放在远方，却忽略了身边的美好。
我们要学会感恩，珍惜当下的每一刻。
幸福是一个非常主观的概念，每个人都有自己的幸福标准。
金钱虽然重要，但它并不是幸福的全部。
真正的幸福来自于我们内心的满足感，来自于我们的工作、家庭和朋友。
综合教学教程第二册第九单元答案解析unit9whatishappiness
Unit 9 What Is HappinessText comprehensionI. AII. 1. T; 2. F; 3. F; 4. T; 5. F.III.1. He means that one is given the right to pursue happiness, but does not know what it is.2. Because he believes that commercial advertising not only fails to satisfy our desires, but more importantly it creates them, and it creates them faster than any man’s budget can satisfy them. Such insatiability makes people unhappy.3. Because he thinks that the products and pursuits advertised on the front pages of women’s magazines are dreamlike and can’t be fulfilled.4. He set two extremes according to Thoreau, the low level and the high level. The former refers to possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood, while the latter refers to active discipline of heightening one’s perception of what is enduring in nature. To find balance is to save time and effort on the low levels and spend on the high.5. The inherent right is not happiness itself, but lies in the pursuit of happiness, in the pursuit of what is life-engaging and life-revealing, i.e. in the idea of becoming.IV.1. Jonathan Swift seemed to share this view when he criticized this idea of happiness as the state of being completely controlled by deception.2. The active exercise or training to improve one’s understanding of what is of lasting value would have been Thoreau’s idea of the high levels, i.e. spiritual happiness.Structural analysis of the textPart 1 (par. 1, 2):The author points out that when we are not sure what happiness is, we tend to be misled by the idea that we can buy our way to it.Part 2 (par. 3, 4, 5, 6):The author offers a number of examples to show how this misconception of happiness gives rise to the “happiness-market” in a highly commercialized society (the United States).Part 3 (par. 7, 8, 9): The author suggests striking a balance between what Thoreau called the low levels and the high levels.Part 4 (par. 10): The author gives his understanding of happiness, in the light of the Founding Fathers’ belief that it is “in the idea of becoming”.Page 172VocabularyI. Phrase1. un-American: not typical of the attitudes, ways of life, etc., that are approved of or considered normal in the US2. commercialism: the activities or attitudes of people who think that making a profit is moreimportant than anything else; emphasis on the maximizing of profit 商业主义3. for that matter: it is also true that … (The phrase “for that matter” is used to emphasize that sth., though mentioned second, is also true, important, or relevant as what has been mentioned earlier.) 就此而论，在这方面,同样4. face: aspect5. in nature: essentiallyII.1. perpetual;2. functions;3. inherent;4. cited;5. approaching;6. flawless;7. vaguely;8. disciplining.Page 173III. Word derivationFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. A deer suddenly ran across the road, with a hunting dog in hot pursuit (pursue).2. I’m sure many businessmen use some kind of deception (deceive) at times, to achieve their objectives.3. The project has been a success, thanks to the dedication (dedicate) of all of our staff.4. His first commercial (commercialism) venture was opening a small corner shop.5. The concert ended with the singers and audience singing patriotic (patriotism) songs.6. It was so convincing that I had to remind myself that they were fictional (fiction) characters, not real people.7. Not many people are able to indicate their disapproval (disapprove) without causing offence.8. The homeless and starving (starvation) refugees of the war were flocking to the cities.1. pursue v. 追捕，追求；继续从事pursuer n. 追赶者，追求者pursuit n. 追求，追赶e.g. 我知道她的追求者很多。
最新Unit-9-What-is-happiness课文翻译综合教程二资料
Unit 9 What Is Happiness?John Ciardi(abridged)The right to pursue happiness is issued to Americans with their birth certificates, but no one seems quite sure which way it runs. It may be we are issued a hunting license but offered no game. Jonathan Swift seemed to think so when he attacked the idea of happiness as “the possession of being well-deceived,” the felicity of being “a fool among knaves.” For Swift saw society as Vanity Fair, the land of false goals.It is, of course, un-American to think in terms of fools and knaves. We do, however, seem to be dedicated to the idea of buying our way to happiness. We shall all have made it to Heaven when we possess enough.And at the same time the forces of American commercialism are hugely dedicated to making us deliberately unhappy. Advertising is one of our major industries, and advertising exists not to satisfy desires but to create them —and to create them faster than any man’s budget can satisfy them. For that matter, our whole economy is base d on a dedicated insatiability. We are taught that to possess is to be happy, and then we are made to want. We are even told it is our duty to want. It was only a few years ago, to cite a single example, that car dealers across the country were flying banners that read "You Auto Buy Now." They were calling upon Americans, as an act approaching patriotism, to buy at once, with money they did not have, automobiles they did not really need, and which they would be required to grow tired of by the time the next year’s models were released.Or look at any of the women’s magazines. There, as Bernard DeVoto once pointed out, advertising begins as poetry in the front pages and ends as pharmacopoeia and therapy in the back pages. The poetry of the front matter is the dream of perfect beauty. This is the baby skin that must be hers. These, the flawless teeth. This, the perfumed breath she must exhale. This, the sixteen-year-old figure she must display at forty, at fifty, at sixty, and forever.Once past the vaguely uplifting fiction and feature articles, the reader finds the other face of the dream in the back matter. This is the harness into which Mother must strap herself in order to display that perfect figure. These, the chin straps she must sleep in. This is the salve that restores all, this is her laxative, these are the tablets that melt away fat, these are the hormones of perpetual youth, these are the stockings that hide varicose veins.Obviously no half-sane person can be completely persuaded either by such poetry or by such pharmacopoeia and orthopedics. Yet someone is obviously trying to buy the dream as offered and spending billions every year in the attempt. Clearly the happiness-market is not running out of customers, but what are they trying to buy?The idea "happiness," to be sure, will not sit still for easy definitions: the best one can do is to try to set some extremes to the idea and then work in toward the middle. To think of happiness as acquisitive and competitive will do to set the materialistic extreme. To think of it as the idea one senses in, say, a holy man of India will do to set the spiritual extreme. That holy man’s ideal of happiness is in needing nothing from outside himself. In wanting nothing, he lacks nothing. He sits immobile, rapt in contemplation, free even of his own body.7 Or nearly free of it. If devout admirers bring him food, he eats it; if not, he starves indifferently. Why be concerned? What is physical is an illusion to him. Contemplation is his joy and he achieves it through a fantastically demanding discipline, the accomplishment of which is itself a joy within him.But, perhaps because I am Western, I doubt such catatonic happiness, as I doubt the dreams of the happiness-market. What is certain is that his way of happiness would be torture to almost any Western man. Yet these extremes will still serve to frame the area within which all of us must find some sort of balance. Thoreau —a creature of both Eastern and Western thought — had his own firm sense of that balance. His aim was to save on the low levels in order to spend on the high.Possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood would have been Thoreau’s idea of the low levels. The active discipline of heightening o ne’s perception of what is enduring in nature would have been his idea of the high.10 What he saved from the low was time and effort he could spend on the high. Thoreau certainly disapproved of starvation, but he would put into feeding himself only as much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.Happiness is never more than partial. There are no pure states of mankind. Whatever else happiness may be, it is neither in having nor in being, but in becoming. What the Founding Fathers declared for us as an inherent right, we should do well to remember, was not happiness but the pursuit of happiness. What they might have underlined, could they have foreseen the happiness-market, is the cardinal fact that happiness is in the pursuit itself, in the meaningful pursuit of what is life-engaging and life-revealing, which is to say, in the idea of becoming. A nation is not measured by what it possesses or wants to possess, but by what it wants to become.什么是幸福追求幸福是美国人与生俱来被赋予的权利，但是似乎没有人确切地知道怎样到达幸福。
英语专业综合教程2Unit9what is happiness
Text analysis
Structural analysis
2. What‘s the author‘s purpose of writing? To attempt a definition of happiness by setting some extremes to the idea and then working in toward the middle.
Audiovisual supplement
Cultural information
1. Quote
Happiness lies not in the mere possession of money; it lies in the joy of achievement, in the thrill of creative effort. — Franklin Roosevelt
Audiovisual supplement
Cultural information
2. The Pursuit of Happiness
The Pursuit of Happiness is a 2006 American biographical film directed by Gabriele Muccino about the on-and-offhomeless salesman-turned stockbroker Chris Gardner. The screenplay by Steven Conrad is based on the best-selling memoir of the same name written by Chris Gardner with Quincy Troupe. The film was released on December 15, 2006, by Columbia Pictures.
综合教程第二册第九单元答案-unit-9-what-is-happiness
Unit 9 What Is HappinessText comprehensionI. AII. 1. T; 2. F; 3. F; 4. T; 5. F.III.1. He means that one is given the right to pursue happiness, but does not know what it is.2. Because he believes that commercial advertising not only fails to satisfy our desires, but more importantly it creates them, and it creates them faster than any man’s budget can satisfy them. Such insatiability makes people unhappy.3. Because he thinks that the products and pursuits advertised on the front pages of women’smag azines are dreamlike and can’t be fulfilled.4. He set two extremes according to Thoreau, the low level and the high level. The former refers to possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood, while the latter refers to act ive discipline of heightening one’s perception of what is enduring in nature. To find balance is to save time and effort on the low levels and spend on the high.5. The inherent right is not happiness itself, but lies in the pursuit of happiness, in the pursuit of what is life-engaging and life-revealing, i.e. in the idea of becoming.IV.1. Jonathan Swift seemed to share this view when he criticized this idea of happiness as the state of being completely controlled by deception.2. The active exercise or t raining to improve one’s understanding of what is of lasting value would have been Thoreau’s idea of the high levels, i.e. spiritual happiness.Structural analysis of the textPart 1 <par. 1, 2>:The author points out that when we are not sure what happiness is, we tend to be misled by the idea that we can buy our way to it.Part 2 <par. 3, 4, 5, 6>:The author offers a number of examples to show how this misconception of happiness gives rise to the "happiness-market〞 in a highly commercialized society <the United States>.Part 3 <par. 7, 8, 9>: The author suggests striking a balance between what Thoreau called the low levels and the high levels.Part 4 <par. 10>: The author gives his understanding of happiness, in the light of the Founding Fathers’ be lief that it is "in the idea of becoming〞.Page 172VocabularyI.Phrase1. un-American: not typical of the attitudes, ways of life, etc., that are approved of or considered normal in the US2. commercialism: the activities or attitudes of people who think that making a profit is more important than anything else; emphasis on the maximizing of profit 商业主义3. for that matter: it is also true that … <The phrase "for that matter〞 is used to emphasize that sth., though mentioned second, is also true, important, or relevant as what has been mentioned earlier.> 就此而论,在这方面,同样4. face: aspect5. in nature: essentiallyII.1. perpetual;2. functions;3. inherent;4. cited;5. approaching;6. flawless;7. vaguely;8. disciplining.Page 173III.Word derivationFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. A deer suddenly ran across the road, with a hunting dog in hotpursuit<pursue>.2. I’m sure many businessmen use some kind of deception<deceive> at times, to achieve their objectives.3. The project has been a success, thanks to thededication<dedicate> of all of our staff.4. His firstcommercial<commercialism> venture was opening a small corner shop.5. The concert ended with the singers and audience singingpatriotic<patriotism> songs.6. It was so convincing that I had to remind myself that they werefictional<fiction> characters, not real people.7. Not many people are able to indicate theirdisapproval<disapprove> without causing offence.8. The homeless andstarving<starvation> refugees of the war were flocking to the cities.1.pursue v.追捕,追求；继续从事pursuer n.追赶者,追求者pursuit n.追求,追赶e.g.我知道她的追求者很多.I know she has many pursuers.我们为追求幸福生活而努力工作.We work hard in pursuit of a happy life.2.deceive v.欺骗deception n.骗局,诡计,欺诈deceptive a.迷惑的,虚伪的,诈欺的deceptiveness n.迷惑e.g.他骗我买了一个假冒产品.He deceived me into paying for the fake product.他靠欺骗拿钱.He gets the money by deception.3.dedicate v.献出；致力于dedicated a.专注的；献身的dedication n.奉献e.g.她毕生致力于教授英语.She dedicated her life to teaching English.我们尊敬他是因为他以无私奉献的精神廉正地为民众服务.We respect him because he serves the public with dedication and integrity. 4mercial a.商业的commercialize v.使商业化commercialism n.商业主义,营利主义e.g.商业电视是有效的广告宣传工具.Commercial television is an effective medium for advertising.教育近几年更加商业化了.Education has become much more commercialized in recent years.5.patriotism n.爱国主义,爱国心patriot n.爱国者patriotic a.爱国的e.g.我们都被他的爱国精神深深感动了.We are all deeply moved by his patriotism.她热爱她的祖国.She is a patriot to her country.6.fiction n.虚构,杜撰；小说fictional a.虚构的；小说的e.g.我喜欢读科幻小说.I enjoy reading science fiction.7.disapprove v.不赞成disapproval n.不赞成disapprovingly ad.不以为然地,不赞成地e.g.我母亲不同意我们俩人的婚事.My mother disapproved of our marriage.他对你的建议很不以为然.He showed disapproval of your proposal.8.starve v.挨饿,受饿,饿死starvation n.饿死,饥饿starving a.饥饿的e.g.那个可怜的老妇人被饿死了.The poor old lady died of starvation.我的钱不够用.I’m starved for money.IV.1.C;2. B;3. D;4. B;5. D;6. A;7. C;8. D.Page 174V. Synonym / AntonymGive a synonym or an antonym of the word underlined in each sentence in the sense it is used.1. And at the same time the forces of American commercialism arehugelydedicated to making usdeliberatelyunhappy.Hugely--Synonym: enormously, tremendously;Deliberately--Antonym: unintentionally, accidentally2. These, theflawlessteeth.Synonym: perfect, spotless3. This, the perfumed breath she mustexhale.Antonym:inhale4. Happiness is never more thanpartial.Antonym: impartial, unbiased5. Thoreau—a creature of both Eastern and Western thought—had his own firm sense of thatbalance.Antonym: imbalancePage 175Grammar Exercises1.Personal pronounsPersonal pronouns refer to the person who is doing the action or to whom the action affects. In that way we distinguish two types of personal pronouns: Personal "Subject Pronouns〞 and Personal "Object Pronouns〞.Personal PronounsA personal pronoun refers to a specific person or thing and changes its form to indicate person, number, gender, and case.I. Complete the sentences below with suitable pronouns.1. yourself;2. __You / We__ can’t always get what __you / we__ want.3. you / one / we4. it5. We all ought to be more tolerant towards __one another____ .6. They / We7. myself8. yourself9. Someone’s at the door. Who can ___it___ be at this time?10. I; We; They; us; They; it; we2. Impersonal it vs. thereIn many English sentences, you will find the word "it〞 or the word "there〞 in the subject position. These are usually "impersonal〞 sentences—sentences where there is no natural subject. Impersonal "it〞e.g. There is a book on the table. <singular>There are three men in the car. <plural>II.There; there; there; There; There;It; there; There; It; there; TherePage 176III. Replace the underlined parts in the following sentences with non-finite clauses or verbless clauses.1. While flattered, …2. I was wonderingwhether I should go upstairs or followMr. Maxim to the library.… whether to go upstairs or to follow …3. Whenever possible, …4. It is an illness that can result in total blindnessif it is left untreated.… if left untreated.5. … if ready.6. Though no swimmer, …7.Once you are over the pass,you will see the town below you.Once over the pass, …8. Whether by accident or by design, …IV.1. Once;2. Though;3. If;4. when;5. whether;6. Unless;7. Before;8. After.V.1. c;2. b;3. b;4. c;5. a;6. d;7. d;8. d.Page 178TranslationI.1. Advertising is one of our major industries, and advertising exists not to satisfy desires but to create激起欲望them —and to create them faster than any man’s budget预算资金can satisfy them.广告是一项主要产业,它的存在与其说是为了满足人们的欲望；不如说是为了激发他们的欲望——而且是以超出任何人的收入所能承受的速度激发这些欲望.2. They werecallinguponAmericans, as an act approaching patriotism实践爱国主义,to buyat once, with money they did not have,automobiles汽车they did not really need, and which they would be required togrowtired of变得厌倦by the time the next year’s models were released发布、面世.他们号召美国公众采取爱国行动,立即用他们并没有的钱去购买他们并不需要的汽车,而且要求他们在第二年的新款汽车问世之前就对它们厌倦.3.Thoreau certainly disapprovedof不赞成starvation, but he would put into feeding himself onlyas much effort as would keep him functioning for more important efforts.梭罗无疑不赞同挨饿,但他花在食物上的精力只是为了让自己得以从事更重要的活动.4.What they might have underlined, could they have foreseen the happiness-market, isthe cardinal fact 最重要的事实thathappiness is存在于in the pursuit itself, in the meaningful pursuit of what is life-engagingand life-revealing揭示人生的,which is to say, in the idea of becoming.倘若他们能预见到"幸福市场〞的话,他们或许会强调这个至为重要的事实,即幸福存在于追求它的过程中,存在于追求值得用生命去追寻、揭示生命真谛的富有意义的过程中,换言之,幸福是一种过程.II1. 1935年10月,中国红军历尽苦难和牺牲,最后终于到达了陕北.〔endure, make/ fight one’s way to〕Translation:In October, 1935, the Chinese Red Army, having endured all hardships and sacrifices,finally made / fought their way to the north of Shaanxi province.2.在经济危机中,政府发表了一个声明,号召人们尽可能购买当地的产品.〔release, call upon〕Translation:In the economic crisis, the government released a statement, calling upon the people to buythe local products as far / many as possible.3.世界各国政治家们正在尽一切努力利用原子能,恢复人类安全的自然环境.〔harness,restore〕Translation:The politicians / statesmen in various countries are trying to harness nuclear energy and restore the safe environment for the human race.4．他没有听见门铃声,因为他正在聚精会神地工作.<rapt>He didn’t hear the doorbell because he was rapt in his work.5.这个国家经常发生暴乱,一方面是因为广泛的赤贫现象,另一方面则因为人民对腐败政府固有的不信任.<inherent>This country suffers from frequent riots because of widespread extreme poverty, as well as people’s inherent distrust of the corrupt government.6.这位经济学家在作关于当前经济形势的报告时,在PPT上用许多具体的数字来强调这场危机的严重性.<underline>In his lecture on the current economic situation, the economist used a lot of figures on the PPT to underline the seriousness of the crisis.7.他笑着回答说,"不用谢.我做这件事不光是为了你,也是为了我自己.〞〔as much as〕Translation:He answered with a smile, "Not at all. I did this as much for you as for myself.〞8.评价一个人,并不看他说了什么,而看他为自己的国家和人民做了些什么.<measure>A man is measured not by what he says, but by what he does for his country and people.Page 179I.DictationWealth achieved through dishonest means / does not bring happiness. / Lottery winnings do not bring happiness. / Wealth left by parents / does not bring happiness. / In fact, / money alone is almost worthless. / If you have both self-esteem and money, / you may be well on the way to happiness. / However, what is still missing in both self-esteem and money / is productive work and a real contribution / towards the happiness of others. / The secret to happiness / lies in the contribution towards the happiness of others. / You can fool others / but you can never fool yourself. / If you obtain wealth through luck / or dishonest means, / you will know / you did not earn it. / If you have taken advantage of / or hurt others to earn your wealth, / you will not be happy. / You will not like yourself. / You will not feel you are capable.II.Long-term happiness <1> is based on honest, productive work, contribution, and self-esteem. Happiness is not <2> an end; it is a process. It is a continuous process of honest,productive work which <3> makes a real contribution to others and makes you feel like aworthwhile person. <4> As Dr. Wayne wrote, "There is no way to happiness. Happiness<5> is the way.〞 There is no use saying "Some day when I <6> achieve these goals, whenI get this car, build this house and have this business ... then I will be really happy.〞 Life just does notwork <7> that way. If you wait for certain things <8> to happen and depend on externalcircumstances of life to make <9> you happy, you will always feel unfulfilled. There willalways be <10>Giving a talkBeing an abstract notion, "happiness〞 defies easy definition. Most ordinary people, though failing to define happiness in clear terms, will not deny that they have experienced the feeling of happiness in their lives. Every one of us can recall some happy moments or events in our lives. Can you describe to your classmates at least one of such moments or events and proceed to present what happiness means to you? Hopefully, you will arrive at a definition of happiness of your own.For reference:1.You may use the following words or expressions in your talk:love, pleasant, dream, goal, wealth, enjoy, family reunion, excitement,possession, blessing, beauty, sweet, satisfaction, relaxation, success, meaningful pursuit, precious, touching, obtain, good mood, satisfy desire2.You may want to give the definition of happiness as follows:— Happiness means one can enjoy every day with good health.— Happiness means you have someone to love and you are loved by someone.— Happiness lies in the joy of achievement.Having a discussionIn this essay two kinds of happiness are discussed, i.e. materialistic and spiritual, such as the kind represented typically by the advertisements and by the holy man of India respectively. Now divide yourselves into two groups, each in favor of one of these two concepts of happiness, and argue for the stand you take.Viewpoints for reference:— In my opinion, some people focus more on the pursuit of material needs than that of spiritual needs. They think materialistic things are visible and tangibleand can be seized, which will give them a sense of security. They also tend to regard the possession of wealth or material comforts as happiness. The morewealth they possess, the happier they feel. They have many or even endlessdesires to satisfy and are fond of comparing their own fortune with others’. By comparison, people with greater wealth obtain a sense of so-called happiness.— In my opinion, some people focus more on the pursuit of spiritual needs than that of material needs. They believe spiritual needs such as meaning, goal, love, trust, hope and forgiveness can never be bought by any kind of wealth. Topursue such needs is to search for one’s inner life and to ask "Who am I?〞and "What can I be?〞 When one can answer these questions, one can feel an elusive inner peace and great satisfaction, in other words, great happiness. The more they search for the inner self, the more happiness they will attain.Writing PracticeParagraph development — ArgumentationDiscussion: Informing the reader of possible objections to our opinion about a debatable issue and then arguing against them is a strategy we often employ to develop a paragraph. To write such a paragraph, we eitherstate our position in the topic sentence and then immediately present a major argument against us, or directlyintroduce the rival argumentin the very first sentence. Then we may needto identify the cause of the argumentbefore we start our attack. Attack fiercely, but also carefully and kindly.Fiercely, because our position must be clear and our criticism must be powerful.Carefully, because we need to pay serious attention to the opposing argument, study it hard and reason logically before we can find the real problems with it. In this way, we argue effectively. We also must arguekindlyby acknowledging the sensible, reasonable, or even admirable part of the opposing position. In addition,do not use the first person too often in an argumentative piece. We can use the first person occasionally and employ expressions such as I personally <strongly> believe, in my opinion, I see the issue in this light,etc. However, if we want to make our argument sound really formal and powerful, avoid using the first person, for it would weaken the force of the argument.Exercises: Write two paragraphs based on the following topic sentences. First anticipate an objection to your viewpoint and then argue against the objection.1. As an 18-year-old, I strongly believe in expressing my own individuality rather than trying to be "just like everybody else〞 <OR: believe in conforming to the customs and practices of our society rather than expressing my individuality>.Ideas for reference:Everybody is born unique.If we just grow to think like others and act like others, we will all become unsuspecting conformists.A person who wants to be "different〞 will learn more effectively and efficiently and finally makes a big difference.Sample:As an 18-year-old, I strongly believe in expressing my own individuality rather than trying to be "just like everybody else.〞 Everybody is born unique, so am I. The idea encouraged by our parents that follow the "rules〞 of society and truly conform to the customs and practices of society will help us learn and grow up soundly isn’t completely true. Just as a wise man once put it, "the surest way to corrupt a youth is to instruct him to hold in higher esteem those who think alike than those who think differently.〞 If we just grow to think like others and hence always act like others, we will all become unsuspecting conformists. No culture would really be healthy and robust if it were made up of conformists and conformists only. What’s more, by thinking and acting differently from the majority, we will learn even more quickly and become mature even sooner. A youth who tries to be "just like everybody else〞 is like a student who just copies the teacher by rote. And only those who always challenge and question their teachers and textbooks have the potential to excel. A person who wants to be "different〞 will learn more effectively and efficiently and finally makes a big difference. Therefore, my fellow pals, be our own man or woman please. We will be proud of ourselves by our own personality one day.2. It is quite a popular belief that the current method of selecting students for higher education should be eliminated, but I believe in the contrary.Ideas for reference:The real cause of the fierce competition isn’t the method of selecting students for higher education. There is limited availability of places in the institutions of higher learning.Chinese culture overemphasizes the importance of formal schooling for personal development. Sample:It is quite a popular belief that the current method of selecting students for higher education should be eliminated, but I believe in the contrary. The major argument for the elimination theory is that the college entrance examinations make the competition for college entrance too fierce to be good for the mental as well as physical growth of teenagers, but such an objection actually falls wide of the mark. The real cause of the fierce competition isn’t the method of selecting students for higher education but the limited availability of places in the institutions of higher learning and the culture which overemphasizes the importance of formal schooling for personal development. Firstly, compared with developed countries, China’s higher education is still underdeveloped. Too many students want to go to college, but there are not enough universities available, thus causing fierce competition among students. Secondly, Chinese culture values too much on the importance of formal schooling for personal development. A student who fails to get admitted to a "good〞university is often regarded as a failure. From this perspective, we can say that the real problem is not with the current student enrolment method which relies heavily on the matriculation examinations and it isn’t workable to eliminate the exams. Even if we eliminated them, the.11 / 11 competition between students would not become any less fierce. Besides, other new problems would arise.Page 181ListeningB. Listen again and complete the following statements. The verbs you areScriptHow to Grow Happiness?Step OnePlant yourself deep in a bed of faith, and pack it down solid and tight. Drench daily with positive thinking, and keep saturated just right. Mulch often with forgiveness, for this will help you grow. Quickly remove any seeds of worry, for they will soon germinate, and keep out the weeds of despair. Nourish disappointments with hope whenever it is needed, and always stay cool and shaded when you feel irritated or heated. Trim away guilt or depression, for they create decay, andcultivate with happy memories as often as every day.Step TwoHarvest the lessons of the past; just dig, pick, and hoe. And nurture the roots of the present, for now is when you flourish and grow. Start planting for the future; set your goals in a row. Spade the bed well for all your dreams to grow.Step ThreeRemember that grief is a natural predator, so learn to tolerate some damage. Protect your garden with gratitude, for this will help you manage. Bury the criticism and complaining, for they are injurious pests. Sow the seeds of love wherever you may go — for joy, love and laughter are surely bound to grow. Although the thorns of life may be here to stay, just sprout a smile along the way ... and be thankful for what you have today!In life, there are enough times when we are disappointed, depressed and annoyed. We don’t really have to go looking for them. We have a wonderful world that is full of beauty, light and promise. Why waste time in this world looking for the bad, disappointing or annoying when we can look around us and see the wondrous things before us?。
大学英语综合教程2unit9 what is happiness 译文
What is happiness追求幸福是美国人与生俱来被赋予的权利，但是似乎没有人确切地知道怎样到达幸福。
这就像是我们有猎物执照却无猎可捕一样。
当乔纳森·斯威夫特抨击这种“着迷于被欺骗的状态”，这种成为“白痴中的傻瓜”的快乐感觉时，他也是这样想的。
斯威夫特把整个社会看做一个名利场，一片充满虚幻目标的土地。
当然，站在傻瓜和白痴的角度看问题是非美国式思维，然而，我们似乎已经现身于用金钱购买幸福的想法中了，（我们以为）当我们拥有的足够多时，我们便一定可以去往天堂。
与此同时，美国实利主义正在很大程度上致使我们不幸福。
广告业是我们的主要商业之一，然而它的存在绝不是满足欲望，而是在刺激欲望的产生--而且它让欲望产生的速度远超出我们挣钱满足欲望的速度，正因如此，我们的整个经济都建立在奋不顾身的贪婪之上。
我们被告知幸福就是拥有，然后再让我们产生欲望。
我们甚至被告知需求就是我们的责任。
举个例子，仅几年前，全国上下的汽车销售行就全都挂满飘扬的横幅，上面写着“你该买辆车了。
”它们在号召美国人这种爱国行为，让他们用还未到手的钱来购买本不需要的车，并在第二年新款车发布时厌恶它。
或者说，再来看看女性杂志吧。
这里，像伯纳德·德沃托曾经提出的，开始的前几页是首诗，结束的几页变成了处方书和治疗方法。
开始时的诗歌是绝世佳人的美梦。
她拥有婴儿般的皮肤，洁白如玉的牙齿，芳香的气息。
不管她40,50,60岁都有着16岁的身材。
一旦看过这些模糊的却令人振奋的虚构及特写，读者马上就看到结尾她美梦的另一面。
为了保持完美身材，这些母亲不得不用带子把自己束缚住，这是她们不得不在睡觉前佩戴的枕颌带，那是她们的万能药膏，这是她们的泻药，这是她们溶解脂肪的药片，那是她们永葆青春的激素，这是她们掩盖静脉曲张时要穿的长袜。
很明显，没人会很痴狂地完全相信书上的诗情画意或被给出的处方啊整形外科啊完全说服，但每年还是有人有意花上亿去尝试买梦。
综合教程IIUnit 9 What Is Happiness课后练习参考答案
house.
A. superb
❀ B. fantastic C. whole D. incomplete
6. A White House spokesperson declared that there would
be no change in the Administration’s policy on Iraq.
e.g. Your mother would never allow it, and for that matter, neither would I. 你母亲决不会允许，就这一点来说，我也不会允许。
For that matter she would drive herself and keep the whole event within her control. 同样，她宁愿自己开车，将整个事情置于自己的控制 中。
flawless perpetual
5. We heard the rumble of a tank engine ___a_p_p_r_o_a_c_h_in__g___ from behind.
6. As a violinist his technique was __f_la__w_le__s_s___ but somehow he lacked passion.
face: aspect 方面
e.g. The unacceptable face of this house is that it is too expensive. 这个房子不可接受的方面是它的价格太高了。
in nature: essentially 事实上，本质上
e.g. This rule is scientific in nature. 这个法则在本质上是科学的。
Unit-9-What-is-happiness--课件
Language Points
• Deceive vt.
– Word Knowledge: – -ceive/-cept: to take/ hold
• receive • perceive • conceive • perceptive; perception • inceptive; inception • conceptive
Language Points
• issue n. – A magazine or newspaper printed for a particular day, week, or month.
• the January issue of Newsweek
– The act of officially giving people sth to use
Language Points
• Deceive vt.
– to make someone believe something that is not true – deceive somebody into doing something
• – deceive somebody about something
– 1. to officially produce something such as new stamps, coins 发行;发布
– 上星期邮局发行了这些邮票。
• The post office issued the stamps last week.
– 2. to provide sb. with the things they need for a particular action 发给,配给[O][(+to)],核发
Unit 9 What Is Happiness答案综合教程二
Unit 9 What Is HappinessKey to the ExercisesText comprehensionI.AII.1. T;2. F;3. F;4. T;5. F.III.1. He means that one is given the right to pursue happiness, but does not know what it is.2. Because he believes that commercial advertising not only fails to satisfy our desires, but more importantly it creates them, and it creates them faster than any man’s budget can satisfy them. Such insatiability makes people unhappy.3. Because he thinks that the products and pursuits advertised on the front pages of women’s magazines are dreamlike and can’t be fulfilled.4. He set two extremes according to Thoreau, the low level and the high level. The former refers to possession for its own sake or in competition with the rest of the neighborhood, whil e the latter refers to active discipline of heightening one’s perception of what is enduring in nature. To find balance is to save time and effort on the low levels and spend on the high.5. The inherent right is not happiness itself, but lies in the pursuit of happiness, in the pursuit of what is life-engaging and life-revealing, i.e. in the idea of becoming.IV.1. Jonathan Swift seemed to share this view when he criticized this idea of happiness as the state of being completely controlled by deception …2. The active exercise or training to improve one’s understanding of what is of lasting value would have been Thoreau’s idea of the high levels, i.e. spiritual happiness. Structural analysis of the textPart 1 (Para. 1, 2): The author points out that when we are not sure what happiness is, we tend to be misled by the idea that we can buy our way to it.Part 2 (Para. 3, 4, 5, 6): The author offers a number of examples to show how this misconception of happiness gives rise to the “happiness-market” in a highl y commercialized society (the United States).Part 3 (Para. 7, 8, 9): The author suggests striking a balance between what Thoreau called the low levels and the high levels.Part 4 (Para. 10): The author gives his understanding of happiness, in the light of the Founding Fathers’ belief that it is “in the idea of becoming”.VocabularyI. Phrase1. un-American: not typical of the attitudes, ways of life, etc., that are approved of or considered normal in the US2. commercialism: the activities or attitudes of people who think that making a profit is moreimportant than anything else; emphasis on the maximizing of profit 商业主义3. for that matter: it is also true that … (The phrase “for that matter” is used to emphasize that sth., though mentioned second, is also true, important, or relevant as what has been mentioned earlier.) 就此而论，在这方面, 同样4. face: aspect 方面5. in nature: essentially 事实上，本质上II.1. perpetual;2. functions;3. inherent;4. cited;5. approaching;6. flawless;7. vaguely;8. disciplining.III. Word derivationFill in the blanks with the appropriate forms of the given words.1. pursuit2. deception3. dedication4. commercial5. patriotic6. fictional7. disapproval8. starvingIV.1. C;2. B;3. D;4. B;5. D;6. A;7. C;8. D.V. Synonym / Antonym1. hugely — Synonym: enormously, tremendously;deliberately — Antonym: unintentionally, accidentally2. Synonym: perfect, spotless3. Antonym: inhale4. Antonym: impartial, unbiased5. Antonym: imbalance6. Synonym: have, own7. Synonym: fixed, stationary, quietVI. Prefix / SuffixWrite in each space one word that has the same stem as underlined in each given word.1. contain obtain2. concede precede3. compel repel4. suspend depend5. include conclude6. insist consist7. descend ascend8. evolve revolveGrammar ExercisesI. Complete the sentences below with suitable pronouns.1. yourself;2. You / We; you / we3. you / one / we4. it5. one another6. They / We7. myself8. yourself9. it10. I; We; They; us; They; it; weII.There; There; There; There; There;It; there; There; It; there.ThereIII. Replace the underlined parts in the following sentences with non-finite clauses or verbless clauses.1. While flattered, …2. … whether to go upstairs or to follow …3. Whenever possible, …4. … if left untreated.5. … if ready.6. Though no swimmer, …7. Once over the pass, …8. Whether by accident or by design, …IV.1. Once;2. Though;3. If;4. when;5. whether;6. Unless;7. Before;8. After.V.1. c;2. b;3. b;4. c;5. a;6. d;7. d;8. d.TranslationI.1. 广告是一项主要产业，它的存在与其说是为了满足人们的欲望；不如说是为了激发他们的欲望——而且是以超出任何人的收入所能承受的速度激发这些欲望。
unit 9 what is happiness
• 2. Because most Americans take it to for granted that pursuing happiness, or buying their way to it is in ance with American national character.
• William Thackeray used it for the title of his novel, which satirizes society in the early 19th England(故 事主角是一个机灵乖巧的漂亮姑 娘。她尝过贫穷的滋味，一心要 掌握自己的命运，摆脱困境。她 不择手段，凭谄媚奉承、走小道 儿钻后门，飞上高枝。作为陪衬 的人物是她同窗女友、一个富商 的女儿。她懦弱温柔，驯顺地随 命运播弄。从贫贱进入富裕的道 路很不平稳！富家女的运途亦多 坎坷，两人此起彼落的遭遇，构 成一个引人关怀又动人情感的故 事。 ).
Jonathan Swift seemed to think so when he attacked the idea of happiness as “the possession of being well-deceived,”…
• Paraphrase: Jonathan Swift seemed to share this view when he criticized this idea of happiness as the state of being completely controlled by deception…
• The film was released on December 15, 2006, by Columbia Pictures. Making his Hollywood debut, Italian director Gabriele Muccino was championed by Will Smith (as Gardner)for the project.
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Unit 9 What Is HappinessWords and Expressions1. pursue vt. try to achieve somethinge.g. He urges all sides in the conflict to pursue peace.We are working together to pursue a common goal.Derivation:pursuit n.Collocation:in the pursuit ofe.g. She showed steadiness and courage in the pursuit of her aims.2. issue vt. to provide sb. with the things they need for a particular actione.g. The police in Britain are not usually issued with guns.Visitors are issued with identity cards to wear inside the factory.Collocation:issue sth. (to sb.) 将某物发给、供给或分配给某人使用e.g. The office will be issuing permits on Tuesday and Thursday mornings. Derivation:issue n.3. deliberately ad. with a definite intention, not by chance or by accidente.g. He deliberately left his book in her dorm so that he could have an excuse to comeback and see her again.The anti-government groups deliberately stirred up trouble, inducing their supporters to riot.Derivation:deliberate a.Synonym:intentionally, on purpose, purposelyAntonym:accidentally4. patriotism n. strong feelings of love, respect, and duty towards your countrye.g. The Chinese people demonstrated great patriotism in combating the earthquake thatstruck Sichuan Province in May 2008.Derivation:patriotic a.patriotically ad.5. release vt.1) to allow something to be shown in public or to be available for use2) If a company releases a film or musical recording, it allows the film to be shown incinemas, or makes the musical recording available for the public to buye.g. We have to release the news before 5 o’clock tomorrow morning.Paul McCartney’s new album will be released at the end of the month.Derivation:release n.e.g.Her latest release is a rock ‘n’ roll version of My Way.Collocation:be on / in general releasepress release（政府机构、政党等发布的）新闻稿6. therapy n. a form of treatment for an illness or medical conditione.g. The therapy involves getting the patients to tell the doctor about their early childhood.Nowadays, occupational therapy is accepted by more and more people. Synonym:treatmentCollocation:undergo therapy7. flawless a. without any mistakes, marks or bad featuree.g. The baby was plump, his skin flawless and his eyes bright blue.The flawless launch was watched by millions of people on television.Derivation:flawlessly ad.flaw n.Synonym:perfectAntonym:imperfect8.exhale vt. / vi.breathe air out through your mouth or nosee.g. Hold your breath for five seconds and then exhale slowly.He exhaled smoke hurriedly to continue his urgent work.Antonym:inhaleDerivation:exhalation n.9. display vt. to give a clear demonstration of (a quality, emotion, or skill)e.g. The new market displayed a great many goods for sale.Derivation:display n.Synonym:present, demonstrate10. perpetual a. continuing all the timee.g. Her husband’s perpetual jealousy made her feel anxious.He soon grew tired of her perpetual demands for money.Derivation:perpetually ad.e.g. She perpetually wore a worried look on her face.Synonym:permanent, eternal11. run out of not having any more of ite.g. I hope we see a gas station soon —we’re running out of fuel.In the end she ran out of patience and started hitting him.We air-freighted the shipment because our agent had run out of stock. 我们空运了这批货物，是因为我们的代理商已用完库存了。
12. materialistic a. believing that having money and possessions is the most important thing in lifee.g. Members of this sect have rejected modern materialistic values.Derivation:materialism n.Synonym:money-oriented, acquisitiveAntonym:spiritual13. devout a. (usually before a noun) very religiouse.g. His father is a devout Buddhist.Antonym:pious, dedicatedDerivation:devoutly ad.devoutness n.14. disciplinen. the ability to control your own behaviore.g. Their attention wandered and they lacked discipline to learn.vt. train sb. / sth. to be obedient, self-controlled, skillful, etc.e.g. The military schools usually discipline students strictly.Derivation:disciplinary a.15. torture n. great pain that is deliberately caused to sb. esp. to punish theme.g. Many of the prisoners died under torture.It was torture to be ill in bed while everyone else was celebrating downstairs. Derivation:torture v.e.g. He tortured himself for years with the thought that he could have stopped the boyfrom running into the road.Synonym:agony, suffering16. perception n.the ability to realize or notice things that are not obvious to other peoplee.g. There is a perception that management only wants to cut costs.She has extraordinary powers of perception for one so young.Derivation:perceive v.e.g. Although Jane thought her father seemed anxious and uneasy, Susan did notperceive any changes in his looks and ways.perceptive a.e.g. Children can be a mazingly perceptive about adults’ moods.17. disapprove of not approve of sb. / sth.e.g. I strongly disapprove of anyone who goes out at night and leaves their children alone.I strongly disapprove of under-age drinking.Derivation:disapproval n.disapproving a.e.g. His sister gave him a disapproving glance and he realized he had said the wrong thing.Antonym:approve ofe.g.I approve of your trying to earn some money, but please don’t neglect your studies.18. put sth. in; put sth. into sth. / doing sth. to spend a lot of time or effort doing somethinge.g. You’ve obviously put a lot of work in your garden.If I put in some extra hours today, I can have some time off tomorrow.We’ve put a lot of time and effort into making the house look nice.我们花了很多时间和精力把房子装饰漂亮。