中国海洋大学研究生入学考试——综合英语2009-4
海洋生命学院2009年硕士研究生入学考试试题(生物化学)
中国海洋大学2010年研究生入学考试试题科目代码：612 科目名称：生物化学A一、单项选择题（请在答题纸上答题，每小题1分，共10分）1.在pH=7时，磷脂酰丝氨酸带电情况为（）A.0B. +1C.-1D.-22.有机磷农药的抑制作用属于（）A.非竞争性抑制B.竞争性抑制C.不可逆抑制D.混合型抑制3.肝脏从乙酰CoA合成乙酰乙酸的途径中，乙酰乙酸的直接前体是（）A.3-羟基丁酸B. 乙酰乙酰CoAC. .3-羟基丁酸CoAD.3-羟-3-甲基戊二酸单酰CoA4.大肠杆菌RNA聚合酶全酶分子中负责识别启动子的亚基是（）A.α亚基B.β亚基C.β’亚基D.σ因子5.测定小肽氨基酸顺序最好的方法是（）A.2，4-二硝基氟苯法（FDNB法）B.丹磺酰氯法（DNS-Cl法）C.氨肽酶法D.苯异硫氰酸法（PITC法）6.将抗体固定在层析柱的载体上，使抗原从流经此柱的蛋白样品中分离出来，这种技术属于（）A.吸附层析B.离子交换层析C.亲和层析D.凝胶过滤7.鱼藤酮是呼吸链专一的抑制剂，它作用于A.NADH-辅酶Q还原酶；B.琥珀酸-辅酶Q还原酶；C.还原辅酶Q-细胞色素C氧化酶；D.细胞色素氧化酶8.为了充分还原核糖核酸酶，除了应用巯基乙醇，还需（）A.过甲酸B.尿素C.调节pH到碱性D.加热到50℃9.米氏常数KmA.随酶浓度增大而增大B.随酶浓度增大而增大C.随底物浓度增大而增大D.是酶反应的特性10.哪一种情况可以增加[S]的方法减轻抑制程度？A.不可逆抑制作用B.竞争性抑制作用C.非竞争性抑制作用D.反竞争性抑制作用二、多项选择题（请在答题纸上答题，每小题1分，共10分）1.下面哪些酶存在于线粒体内（）A.氨甲酰磷酸合成酶B.丙酮酸羧化酶C.丙酮酸激酶D.乙酰CoA羧化酶2.某一种tRNA分子上的反密码子为ICG，它识别的密码子序列为（）A.UGCB.CGUC.CGAD.CAG3.下列有关脂酸从头生物合成的叙述，哪些是正确的（）A.它并不利用乙酰CoAB.它仅仅能合成少于10个碳原子的脂酸C.它需要丙二酸单酰CoA 作为中间物D.它主要发生在细胞浆中4.丙酮酸脱H酶系和α-酮戊二酸脱H酶系需要的辅酶有（）A.FADB.FMNC.NADD.TPP5.下列哪些糖没有变旋现象（）A.果糖B.蔗糖C.甘露糖D.丙氨酸6.下面哪些AA与尿素循环有关（）A.精氨酸B.天冬氨酸C.甘氨酸D.丙氨酸7.蛋白质合成过程中的能量来源是（）A.A TPB.UTPC.CTPD.GTP8.原核生物DNA聚合酶Ⅰ和DNA聚合酶Ⅲ的共性有（）A.以四种脱氧核糖核苷三磷酸为底物B.聚合反应按5’→3’方向进行C.有5’→3’核酸外切酶活性D.有3’→5’核酸外切酶活性9.下列有关尿素循环说法正确的是（）A.尿素是在肝脏中生成的B.催化尿素生成的酶只存在于线粒体内C.尿素的生成时消耗能量的D.尿素虚幻的限速酶是氨甲酰磷酸合成酶Ⅰ10.生物体内的酰基载体有（）A.CoASHB.ACPSHC.CoQD.磷酸吡哆醛三、判断题（对的打√，错的打×；请在答题纸上答题，每小题1分，共20分）1.CoQ和细胞色素C都是呼吸链中的电子传递体。
中国海洋大学-外国语言学与应用语言学考研真题考研参考书
刚开始有考研打算的时候，我对学校还没有明确的方向，只是对外应专业比较有想法。
于是在网上四处搜寻外应考研的经验帖，碰到写得比较详细的我都会截图保存，希望能多学到些经验。
这些截图在我整个考研过程中可以说是持续提供了巨大帮助。
其实在最开始看这些经验帖的时候，我基本都看不太懂前辈们在说什么，所以选择先行截图保留。
后来在复习过程中，每当遇到瓶颈卡住的时候，我就拿出来看一下，帮助自己疏通一下思路。
真的非常感激这些愿意在网络上分享自己经验的前辈们，不止传授了经验，还给了我力量。
所以在这里跟大家分享我这一年的备考情况，希望能给准备考这个方向的同学提供点参考，也算是给自己这一年的努力小小总结一下。
中国海洋大学外应专业学硕的初试科目是：思想政治理论、日语/法语/德语（选其一）、基础英语、综合英语。
因为近年来外应的录取人数基本都在20人以下，而报考人数却在百人以上，所以必须得加倍努力考好才有可能被录取。
下面给大家讲一下我是怎样分析考察各科的题型和要点进行复习的：唯一的一门公共课：政治。
总结题型重点是：选择题和问答题。
前期我先看了一遍教材，配合李凡老师的强化班，重点在于总结知识点，可以边看边做笔记，尤其是毛中特，中国近代史，做好框架很重要，马原则着重需要理解。
然后进入做题阶段，看李凡老师的《政治新时器》，初期主攻选择题，关键要理解和总结，抓题目要点，并反复做题检验；等带《李凡冲刺卷》出来后，顺着押题卷开始集中优势兵力捋问答题，重点在于反复背诵。
当然还是要兼顾做一些选择题，不能完全丢下。
政治我主要是跟的李凡老师的书和系列题卷，把精讲精练先看一遍，保持每看完一章就做一章练习题的节奏。
接下来再把重点章节的选择题再做一遍。
做选择题的时候，每做错一次，就返回到书上把对应的知识点再看一遍。
但我是以李凡老师系列为主，问答题也是背的《政治新时器》。
总之就是多做多记多总结，记住基本要点，研究答题套路，找出预测热点。
我的二外是日语，用的参考教材是上海教育出版社出版的《新编日语》1-3册。
2018年山东省中国海洋大学综合英语考研真题A卷
2018年山东省中国海洋大学综合英语考研真题A卷第一部分：语言学(90分)I.Define the following terms. Use examples where necessary.(共10题，每题2分，共20分)1. morpheme2. meronymy3. sentence meaning4. performatives5.consonants6. syntax7.entailment8. concord9. pragmatics10.syntagmatic relationII. Describe the following sound segments in English.(共5题，每题2分，共10 分)1.[n]2.[f]3.[e]4.[j]5.[A]Ⅲ. True or False questions. Write T for true statements and F for false ones. (共10题，每题1分，共10分)()1.In the phonemic approach to phonology,linguists faced with an array of soundsusuallyuse the three criteria,i.e.,complementary distribution,phonetic similarity and free variation in deciding whether these sounds belong to the same morpheme.()2.Speech Act Theory is launched by the Oxford philosopher John L. Austin whose posthumous work How to Do Things with Words(1962)has an enormous impact on linguistic philosophy, and thereby on linguistics,especially in its pragmaticvariant.()3.Whenpeoplespeakingdifferentlanguagescometogetherforacommon purpose, for instance, business, education or international affairs,they may need to agree on speaking a common language so that they could understand each other. The language chosen, then, is called a lingua franca.()4.Style is a term widely used in sociolinguistics to refer to varieties according to use, and is analyzed on three dimensions: field of discourse, mode of discourse andtenor of discourse()5.Psycholinguistics is principally an integration of the fields of psychology and linguistics, and is the study of how individuals comprehend, produce,acquire, storeand retrieve language.()6.Single wordsandcompletesentencesare notconstituents.( )7.Animportantdifferencebetweenpresuppositionandentailmentisthat presupposition, unlike entailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if asentence is neglected, the original presupposition is still true.()8.Pairsofwordslikebuy-sellandlend-borrowbelongtocomplementary antonymy. ( )9.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense.()10.Sociolinguistics is interested in terms of“address”because they offer some socio-cultural information about the type of relationship between the speaker and hearer.IV.Multiple Choice.(共10题，每题1分，共10分)1.Of the three cavities. is the most variable and active in amplifying and modifying speech sounds.A. nasal cavityB. pharynx cavityC.oral cavityD.lung cavity2.A speaker may change from one language(varieties of language)to another according to his subject matter, the required formality and other factors in the course of communication. This linguistic behavior is referred to asA.bilingualismB. code-switchingC.dialectD.register3. is one of the suprasegmental features.A.StopB.VoicingC.DeletionD. Tone4. Narrow transcription is the phonetic transcription withA.diacriticsB.distinctive features C(. voicing D.articulation5.In P.Grice's Cooperative Principle,the maxim of means that you shouldmake our contribution one that is true when you are talking with someone.A.qualityB. quantityC. relevanceD.manner6. Which of the following consonants does not exist in English?A.dental stopB. bilabial stopC.alveolar stopD. velar stop7.Inthe construction, there are more than one head which are all of equal syntactic status and no one is dependent on the other.A.endocentricB.exocentric1C.subordinateD.coordinate8. The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to,or stands for.is known as the theory.A.integratedB.sense relationsC. propositional logicD.referential9.Ogden and Richards propose a theory that the relation between a word and a thing it refers to is not direct, but it is mediated byA.triangleB. conceptC.meaningD.relation10.Every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language.This variety of individual users is called A.social dialect B.regional dialect C.temporal dialect D. idiolectV.Draw labeled tree diagrams for the following constructions.(共2题，每题5分，共10分)1.in the forest2. The girl wears a red scarf.VI.Answer the following questions briefly.(共2题，每题5分，共10分)1. In what way do we say English is an inflectional language?2.Study the pronunciation of the plural forms of the following nouns in each group and discuss the rules that govern them.a)tables, beds, pillows, sofasb)seats, bunks, cups, quiltsc)benches, bridges, mattresses, casesVⅡI. Discuss the following questions as comprehensively as possible, giving examples if necessary.(共2题，每题10分，共20分)nguage has several basic functions and metafunctions. Discuss them.2.If Aristotle had spoken Chinese, his logic would have been different. Give your comment on the statement.第二部分：文学(60分)I.Term Definition.(共4题，每题5分，共20分)1.Harold Pinter2. King Lear3.Beat Writers4.Local ColoristⅡI.Answer the following questions briefly. (共2题，每题10分，共20分)1.What are the differences between Walt Whitman and Emily Dickinson?2.In what ways is Charles Dickens defined as a critical realist?ⅢI.Short Essay Construction. (共20分)Read the following sonnet and make comments on it in about 300 words.When in disgrace with fortune and men's eyes,I all alone beweep my outcast state,And trouble deaf Heaven with my bootless cries,And look upon myself, and curse my fate,Wishing me like to one more rich in hope,Featured like him, like him with friends possessed,Desiring this man's art, and that man's scope,With what I most enjoy contented least:Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising,Haply I think on thee,—and then my state(Like to the lark at break of day arisingFrom sullen earth) sings hymns at heaven's gate; For thy sweet love remembered such wealth bringsThat then I scorn to change my state with kings'.。
2009年6月大学英语四级考试真题与答案解析(Word版)
无忧英语编辑整理 英语四级、英语六级、专业四级、专业八级考试历年真题听力下载模拟预测试题下载2009年6月英语四级听力音频下载地址（含听力原文及答案）/studyenglish/studyenglish_864.html2009年6月英语四级考试真题与答案真题：Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minute to write a short essay on the topic of students selecting their lectures. You should write at least 120 words following the outline givenbellow:1. 越来越多的博物馆免费对外开放的目的是什么？2. 也会带来一些问题3. 你的看法？Free admission to museumsPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the fourchoices marked A),B),C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with theinformation given in the passage.How Do You See Diversity?As a manager, Tiffany is responsible for interviewing applicants for some of the positions with her company .During one interview, she noticed that the candidate never made direct eye contact. She was puzzled and somewhat disappointed because she liked the individual otherwise.He had a perfect resume and gave good responses to her questions, but the fact that he never looked her in the eye said “untrustworthy,” so she decided to offer the job to her second choice.“It wasn‟t until I attended a diversity workshop that I realized the person we passed over was the perfect person,” Tiffany confesses. What she hadn‟t known at the time of the interview was that the candidate‟s “different”behavior was simply a cultural misunderstanding . He was an Asian-American raised in a household where respect for those in authority was shown by averting(避“I was just thrown off by the lack of ye contact; not realizing it was cultural,” Tiffany says. “I missed out ,but will not miss that opportunity again.”Many of us have had similar encounters with behaviors we perceive as different. As the world becomes smaller and our workplaces more diverse, it is becoming essential to expand our under-standing of others and to reexamine some of our false assumptions .Hire AdvantageAt a time when hiring qualified people is becoming more difficult ,employers who can eliminate invalid biases(偏爱) from the process have a distinct advantage .My company, Mindsets LLC ,helps organizations and individuals see their own blind spots . A real estate recruiter we worked with illustrates the positive difference such training can make .“During my Mindsets coaching session ,I was taught how to recruit a diversified workforce. I recruited people from different cultures and skill sets .The agents were able to utilize their full potential and experiences to build up the company .When the real estate market began to change, it was because we had a diverse agent pool that we were able to stay in the real estate market much longer than others in the same profession.”Blinded by GenderDale is an account executive who attended one of my workshops on supervising a diverse workforce . “Through one of the sessions ,I discovered my personal bias ,” he recalls . “I learned I had not been looking at a person as a whole person , and being open to differences .” In his case , the blindness was not about culture but rather gender .“I had a management position open in my department ;and the two finalists were a man and a woman . Had I not attended this workshop , I would have automatically assumed the man was the best candidate because the position required quite a bit of extensive travel . My reasoning would have been that even though both candidates were great and could have been successful in the position , I assumed the woman would have wanted to be home with her children and not travel .”Dale‟s assumptions are another example of the well-intentioned but incorrect thinking that limits an organization‟s ability to tap into the full potential of a diverse workforce .“I learned from the class that instead of imposing my gender biases into the situation , I needed to present the full range of duties, responsibilities and expectations to all candidates and allow them to make an informed decision .” Dale credits the workshop , “because it helped me make decisions based on fairness .”Year of the Know-It-AllDoug is another supervisor who attended one of my workshops .He recalls a major lesson learned from his own employee.“One of my most embarrassing moments was when I had a Chinese-American employee put in a request to take time off to celebrate Chinese New Year . In my ignorance , I assumed he had his dates wrong , as the first of January had just passed . When I advised him of this , I gave him a long talking-to about turning in requests early with the proper dates .“He patiently waited , then when I was done , he said he would like Chinese New Year did not begin January first , and that Chinese New Year ,which is tied to the lunar cycle ,is one of the most celebrated holidays on the Chinese calendar . Needless to say , I felt very embarrassed in assuming he had his dates mixed up . But I learned a great deal about assumptions , and that the timing of“Attending the diversity workshop helped me realize how much I could learn by simply asking questions and creating dialogues with my employees , rather than making assumptions and trying to be a know-it-all ,” Doug admits . “The biggest thing I took away from the workshop is learning how to be more …inclusive‟ to differences.”A better Bottom LineAn open mind about diversity not only improves organizations internally , it is profitable as well . These comments from a customer service representative show how an inclusive attitude can improve sales .”Most of my customers speak English as a second language . One of the best things my company has done is to contract with a language service that offers translations over the phone . It wasn‟t until my boss received Mindsets‟training that she was able to understand how important inclusiveness was to customer service . As result , our customer base has increased .”Once we start to see people as individuals . and discard the stereotypes , we can move positively toward inclusiveness for everyone . Diversity is about coming together and taking advantage of our differences and similarities . It is about building better communities and organizations that enhance us as individuals and reinforce our shared humanity .When we begin to question our assumptions and challenge what we think we have learned from our past , from the media, peers , family , friends , etc , we begin to realize that some of our conclusions are flawed(有缺陷的) or contrary to our fundamental values . We need to train our-selves to think differently , shift our mindsets and realize that diversity opens doors for all of us ,creating opportunities in organizations and communities that benefit everyone .1.What bothered Tiffany during an interview with her candidate?A)He just wouldn‟t look her in the eye.B)He was slow in answering her questions.C)His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant.D)His answers to some of her questions were irrelevant .2. Tiffany‟s misjudgment about the candidate stemmed from .A) Racial stereotypes. C) Racial stereotypes.B) Invalid personal bias . D) Emphasis on physical appearance3. What is becoming essential in the course of economic globalization according to the author?A) Hiring qualified technical and management personnel.B) Increasing understanding of people of other cultures.C) Constantly updating knowledge and equipment.D) Expanding domestic and international markets.4. What kind of organization is Mindsets LLC?A) A real estate agency. C) A cultural exchange organization.B) A personnel training company. D) A hi-tech company5. After one of the workshops ,account executive Dale realized that .A) He had hired the wrong person.B) He could have done more for his company.C) He had not managed his workforce well.D) He must get rid of his gender bias.6. What did Dale think of Mindsets LLC‟s workshop?A) It was well-intentioned but poorly conducted.B) It tapped into the executives‟ full potential.C) It helped him make fair decisions.D) It met participants‟ diverse needs.7. How did Doug, a supervisor, respond to a Chinese-American employee‟s request for leave?A)He told him to get the dates right. C)He flatly turned it downB)He demanded an explanation. D)He readily approved it.8. Doug felt when he realized that his assumption was wrong.9. After attending Mindsets‟workshops, the participants came to know the importance ofto their business.10. When we view people as individuals and get rid of stereotypes , we can achieve diversityand benefit from the between us.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 Minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said .Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once .After each question there willbe a pause . During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A),B),C) and D),and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answersheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) She expected more people at her party.B) She enjoys entertaining small children.C) She threw a surprise party for her friendD) She has always enjoyed great popularity.12. A) They are not used to living in a cold place.B) They feel lucky to live in Florida.D) They have not booked their air tickets yet.13. A) He was pleased to get the medal. C) He used to be a firefighter.B) He was very courageous. D) He was accused of causing a fire.14. A) Make a profitable investment. C) Get parts for the machine from Japan.B) Buy a new washing machine D) Have the old washing machine fixed.15. A) He is pleased with his exciting new job.B) He finds the huge workload unbearable.C) He finds his office much too big for him.D) He is not so excited about his new position.16. A) The woman is going to hold a big party tomorrow.B) The man has no idea what the right thing to do is.C) The woman doesn‟t know how to get to the party.D) The man offers to drive the woman to the party.17. A) Drawing up a business plan. C) Finalizing a contract.B) Discussing a term paper. D) Reviewing a co-authored article.18. A) She ordered some paper. C) She chatted online with a friendB) She had the printer repaired. D) She filled in an application form Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) His health is getting worse. C) His past life upsets him a good deal.B) He can no longer work at sea. D) He has not got the expected pension.20. A) She passed away years ago. C) She has been working at a clinic.B) She used to work as a model. D) She has been seriously ill for years.21. A) She has made lots of money as a doctor.B) She is going to take care of her old dad.C) She has never got on with her father.D) She is kind and generous by nature.22. A) He dines out with his wife every weekend.B) He is excellent but looks had-tempered.C) He does not care about his appearance.D) He is not quite popular with his patients.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.B) Some of the telephone systems don‟t work properlyC) Some of the packs do not contain any manuals.D) The quality of the goods is not up to the standard.24. A) Send a service engineer to do the repairs.B) Consult her boss about the best solution.C) Pass the man‟s order to the right person.D) The quality of the goods is not up to the standard.25. A) Ideal. C) PartialB) Temporary D) CreativeSection BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages .At the end of each passage .You will hear some questions. Boss the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D). Then the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) It is entertaining. C) It takes lots of time.B) It is a costly hobby. D) It requires training.27. A) They can harm nearby plants. C) They fight each other for food.B) They may catch some disease. D) They may pollute the environment.28. A) Place the food on warmer spots. C) Avoid using any contaminated food.B) Use prepared feed mixtures only. D) Continue the feeding till it gets warm.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) He will betray even his best friends.B) He is able to make up good excuses.C) He will lie whenever he wants.D) He tries to achieve his goal at any cost30. A) She made him apologize C) She broke up with him.B) She readily forgave him D) She refused to answer his calls.31. A) Buy her a new set of tires. C) Lend her his batteries.Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) The atmosphere they live in is rather unreal.B) Their parents put too much pressure on them.C) It‟s hard for them to get along with other kids.D) They have to live in the shadow of their parents.33. A) He always boasts about his rich father.B) He will grow up to be good for nothing.C) He has too much to know the value of things.D) He is too young to manage his inherited property.34. A) She wants Amanda to get professional care.B) She has no experience in raising children.C) She wants to show off her wealth.D) She has no time to do it herself.35. A) The lifestyle depicted in Hollywood movies.B) The worship of money, beauty and pleasure.C) The attention the media focuses on them.D) The pursuing of perfection in performance.Section CDirections : In this section , you will hear a passage three times .When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea . When the passage is read forthe second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with theexact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required tofill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words youhave just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when thepassage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written .Around 120 years ago, Ebbinghaus began his study of memory. He(36) .on studying how quickly the human mind can remember (37) . One result of his research is known as the total time hypothesis(假设), which simply means the amount you learn (38) on the time you spend trying to learn it . This can be taken as our first rule of learning.Although it is usually true that studying for four hours is better than studying for one, there is still the question of how we should use the four hours. For example, is it better to study for four hours (39) or to study for one hour a day for four days in a (40) ?. The answer, as you may have (41) , is that it is better to spread out the study times. This (42) , through which we can learn more (43) .by dividing our practice time, is known as the distribution ofpractice effect. Thus, (44).But we‟re not finished yet. We haven‟t considered how we should study over very short periods of time. (45).Should you look at the same word in rapid succession, or look at the word and then have some delay before you look at it again ?(46).Part IV Reading Comprehension (reading in depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Readthe passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Every year in the first week of my English class, some students inform me that writhing is too hard. They never write, unless assignments 47 it . They fine the writing process 48 and difficult.How awful to be able to speak in a language but not to write in it- 49 English , with its rich vocabulary . Being able to speak but not write is like living in an 50 mansion(豪宅) and never leaving one small room . When I meet students who think they can‟t write, I know as a teacher my 51 is to show them the rest of the rooms . My task is to build fluency while providing the opportunity inherent in any writing activity to 52 the moral and emotional development of my students . One great way to do this is by having students write in a journal in class every day.Writing ability is like strength training. Writing needs to be done 53 , just like exercise ; just as muscles grow stronger with exercise , writing skills improve quickly with writing practice. I often see a rise in student confidence and 54 after only a few weeks of journal writing .Expressing oneself in writing is one of the most important skills I teach to strengthen the whole student. When my students practice journal writing, they are practicing for their future academic, political, and 55 lives . They build skills so that some day they might write a great novel, a piece of sorely needed legislation, or the perfect love letter. Every day that they write in their journals puts them a step 56 to fluency , eloquence (雄辩), and command of language .Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.The January fashion show, called FutureFashion , exemplified how far green design has come. Organized by the New York-based nonprofit Earth Pledge, the show inspired many top designers to work with sustainable fabrics for the first time. Several have since made pledges to include organic fabrics in their lines.The designers who undertake green fashion still face many challenges. Scott Hahn, cofounder with Gregory of Rogan and Loomstate, which uses all-organic cotton, says high-quality sustainable materials can still be tough to fine . “Most designers with existing labels are finding there aren‟t comparable fabrics that can just replace what you‟re doing and shat your customers are used to,” he says. For example, organic cotton and non-organic cotton are virtually indistinguishable once woven into a dress. But some popular synthetics, like stretch nylon, still have few eco-friendly equivalents.Those who do make the switch are finding they have more support. Last year the influential trade show Designers & Agents stopped charging its participation fee for young green entrepreneurs(企业家) who attend its two springtime shows in Los Angeles and New York and gave special recognition to designers whose collections are at least 25% sustainable . It now counts more than 50 green designers, up from fewer than a dozen two years ago. This week Wal-Mart is set to announce a major initiative aimed at helping cotton farmers go organic: it will buy transitional(过渡型的) cotton at higher prices , thus helping to expand the supply of a key sustainable material . “Mainstream is about to occur,” says Hahn.Some analysts(分析师) are less sure . Among consumers, only 18%are even aware that ecofashion exists, up from 6% four years ago. Natalie Hormilla, a fashion writer, is an example of the unconverted consumer, when asked if she owned any sustainable clothes, she replied: “Not that I‟m aware of.” Like most consumers, she finds little time to shop, and when she does, she‟s on theBut –thanks to the combined efforts of designers, retailers and suppliers –one day it will be.57. What is said about FutureFashion?A) It inspired many leading designers to start going green.B) It showed that designers using organic fabrics would go far.C) It served as an example of how fashion shows should be organized.D) It convinced the public that fashionable clothes should be made durable.58. According to Scott Hahn, one big challenge to designers who will go organic is that .A) much more time is needed to finish a dress using sustainable materials .B) they have to create new brands for clothes made of organic materials .C) customers have difficulty telling organic from non-organic materials .D) quality organic replacements for synthetics are not readily available .59. We learn from Paragraph 3 that designers who undertake green fashion .A) can attend various trade shows free .B) are readily recognized by the fashion worldC) can buy organic cotton at favorable prices .D) are gaining more and more support .60. What is Natalie Hormilla‟s attitude toward ecofashion?A) She doesn‟t seem to care about it. C) She is doubtful of its practical value.B) She doesn‟t think it is sustainable D) She is very much opposed to the idea61. What does the author think of green fashion?A) Green products will soon go mainstream.B) It has a very promising future.C) Consumers have the final say.D) It will appeal more to young people.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Scientists have devised a way to determine roughly where a person has lived using a strand(缕) of hair , a technique that could help track the movements of criminal suspects or unidentified murder victims .The method relies on measuring how chemical variations in drinking water show up in people‟s hair.at the University of Utah.While U.S diet is relatively identical, water supplies vary. The differences result from weather patterns. The chemical composition of rainfall changes slightly as raid clouds move.Most hydrogen and oxygen atoms in water are stable , but traces of both elements are also present as heavier isotopes (同位素) . The heaviest raid falls first .As a result, storms that form over the Pacific deliver heavier water to California than to Utah.Similar patterns exist throughout the U.S. By measuring the proportion of heavier hydrogen and oxygen isotopes along a strand of hair, scientists can construct a geographic timeline. Each inch of hair corresponds to about two months.Cerling‟s team collected tap water samples from 600 cities and constructed a mop of the regional differences. They checked the accuracy of the map by testing 200 hair samples collected from 65 barber shops.They were able to accurately place the hair samples in broad regions roughly corresponding to the movement of raid systems.“It‟s not good for pinpointing (精确定位),”Cerling said . “It‟s good for eliminating many possibilities.”Todd Park, a local detective, said the method has helped him learn more about an unidentified woman whose skeleton was found near Great Salt Lake.The woman was 5 feet tall. Police recovered 26 bones, a T-shirt and several strands of hair.When Park heard about the research, he gave the hair samples to the researchers. Chemical testing showed that over the two years before her death, she moved about every two months.She stayed in the Northwest, although the test could not be more specific than somewhere between eastern Oregon and western Wyoming.“It‟s still a substantial area,” Park said “But it narrows it way down for me.”62. What is the scientists‟ new discovery?A) One‟s hair growth has to do with the amount of water they drink.B) A person‟s hair may reveal where they have lived.C) Hair analysis accurately identifies criminal suspects.D) The chemical composition of hair varies from person to person.63. What does the author mean by “You‟re what you eat and drink” (Line 1, Para.3)?A) Food and drink affect one‟s personality development.B) Food and drink preferences vary with individuals.C) Food and drink leave traces in one‟s body tissues.D) Food and drink are indispensable to one‟s existence.64. What is said about the rainfall in America‟s West?B) The water it delivers becomes lighter when it moves inland.C) Its chemical composition is less stable than in other areas.D) It gathers more light isotopes as it moves eastward.65. What did Cerling‟s team produce in their research?A) A map showing the regional differences of tap water.B) A collection of hair samples from various barber shops.C) A method to measure the amount of water in human hair.D) A chart illustrating the movement of the rain system.66. What is the practical value of Cerling‟s research?A) It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.B) It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.C) It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.D) It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Kimiyuki Suda should be a perfect customer for Japan‟s car-makers. He‟s a young, successful executive at an Internet-services company in Tokyo and has plenty of disposable 67 . He used to own Toyota‟s Hilux Surf, a sport utility vehicle. But now he uses 68 subways and grains . “It‟s not inconvenient at all ,”he says 69 , “having a car is so 20th century.”Suda reflects a worrisome 70 in Japan; the automobile is losing its emotional appeal, 71 among the young ,who prefer to spend their money on the latest electronic devices. 72 mini-cars and luxury foreign brands are still popular ,everything in between is 73 .Last years sales fell 6.7 percent, 7.6 percent 74 you don‟t count the mini-car market . There have been 75 one-year drops in other nations :sales in Germany fell 9 percent in 200776 a tax increase . But experts say Japan is77 in that sales have been decreasing steadily78 time. Since 1990, yearly new-car sales have fallen from 7.8 million to 5.4 million units in 2007. 67. A) profit C) incomeB) payment D) budget68. A) mostly C) occasionallyB) partially D) rarely69. A) Therefore C) OtherwiseB) Besides D) Consequently70. A) drift C) currentB) tide D) trend71. A) remarkably C) speciallyB) essentially D )particularly72. A) While C) WhenB) Because D) Since73. A) surging C) slippingB) stretching D) shaking74. A) unless C) asB) if D) after75. A) lower C) broaderB) slighter D) larger76. A) liable to C) thanks toB) in terms of D) in view of77. A) unique C) mysteriousB) similar D) strange78. A) over C) onB) against D) behindAlarmed by this state of 79 , the Japan Automobile Manufacturers Association (JAMA)79. A) mess C) growthB) boom D) decay80. A) proceeded C) launchedB)relieved D) revised81. A) quickening C) strengtheningB) widening D) lengthening82. A) average C) abundantB) massive D) general83. A) labels C) vehiclesB) cycles D) devices84. A) or C) butB) until D) then85. A) concludes C) reckonsB) predicts D) prescribes86. A) distant C) temporaryB) likely D) immediatePart VI Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.Please write your translation on Answer Sheet 2.87. Soon after he transferred to the new school , Ali found that he had (很难跟上班里的同学)in math and English.88. If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary (就不会被大雨淋湿了).89. It is said that those who are stressed or working overtime are (更有可能增加体重).90. (很多人所没有意识到的) is that Simon is a lover of sports. and football inparticular.91.The study shows that the poor functioning of the human body is (与缺乏锻炼密切相关)参考答案Part I WritingFree Admission to Museums（满分版）Nowadays, an increasing number of museums are admission-free to visitors home and abroad. The hidden reason behind t his is not hard to analyze as there‟s a growing awareness for the authorities regarding the urgency of popularization of culture, knowledge and history with every average person in our society. Only with free access to this live …database‟, can most people fully enjoy what museums could offer to them.However, free admission to museums might lead to some social problems as well. The most obvious problem is that it might give museums a very heavy economic burden which directly impedes the sustainable development of these organizations. As a result, our government has to work out other ways to collect funds from different channels, which might be difficult to operate or control.。
中国海洋大学研究生英语考试题
Final English Exam for Master Candidates ( 工B )(January 2021)Part I Listening prehension (25%)Section A Short Conversations (5%)Directions:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked (A), (B), (C) and (D) and then decide which the best answer is. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. A. He doesn’t like the woman, so he doesn’t want to see her.B. He is shy to meet the woman because he doesn’t know what to sayC. He is busy with his work and wants to spend the time reading.D. He prefers being alone to being alone to being with other people.2. A. She cannot use her puter to meet her deadlines.B. Busy phone lines means she has to call the secretary.C. She has to call tech support for help.D. She needs to take a deep breath, she feels sick.3. A. Go shopping for cooler clothes.B. Look to see how much energy we use.C. Buy and use energy efficient appliances.D. Enjoy the warmer weather.4. A. Vegetables that are grown in dirt are organic.B. Vegetables grown in a greenhouse garden.C. Vegetables that are more expensive than other vegetables.D. Vegetables grown without pesticides or chemical fertilizers.5. A. Because the class was better than her classmate expected.B. Because she wants to use the puter.C. She is excited to be taking biology.D. Because the puter is stranger to her than the microscope.6. A. It doesn’t want to spend money now.B. It doesn’t think it needs to clean up.C. It doesn’t care about air pollution.D. It thinks only poor areas are polluted.7. A. Because he is going to Laos next summer on a bike.B. Because he will ride a bicycle over mountains and it’s dangerous.C. Because he hates to sit still while on vocation.D. Because he will rest himself on this adventure.8. A. Because if we believe intelligence is inherited, nothing else matters.B. Because their parents didn’t choose the right marriage partners.C. Because we have never cared about our children’s environments.D. Because all children will get a good environment at their home.9. A. He can wear jeans to work.B. He has to dress up at work.C. He can wear shorts to work.D. He has to wear a T-shirt.10. A. Low gravity environments are easier to find.B. Natural places for research are easier to find.C. Very clean environments are easier to find.D. Strong fields of gravity are easier to find.Section B Passages (10%)Directions: Listen to the following two passages. Each passage is followed by FIVE statements. Listen to the passage and decide whether the statements are true or false. Write T for true and F for false on the answer sheet.Passage 11.Researchers fit polar bears with radar so they can monitor the effect of global warming on them.2.Polar bears e to land earlier this spring because they have developed enough fat reserves tosurvive.3.Polar bears are particularly selected for study because they can be followed for many years whichhelp researchers get deeper insight into what is happening.4.The objective of the Kyoto Protocol on Climate Change is to call on developing countries toreduce the carbon emission.5.It is hard for polar bears to reproduce due to global warming.Passage 26.mercial and recreational fisheries contribute $ 80 billion to the U.S. economy every year.7.To maintain a sustainable and disease-free seafood supply is a national priority because it hasimpacts on ocean environment.8.Scientists are researching new ways to improve aquaculture practices to reduce people’sdemand of wild fish.9.Some technologies are applied to forecast the potential disease that might attack fish to protectthe health of public.10.The genetic make-up of bacteria that might hit seafood is teased apart by scientists in order toprovide us with more nutritious seafood.Section C pound Dictation (10%)Directions:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 1 to 8 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 9 to 11 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. Analysts at the U.S. Census Bureau have a (1)_______forecast for America’s population in 2050, when today’s 25 year-olds will be knocking on the door of age 65.If (2)_________ hold, not only will there be more than TWICE as many people 65-and-over in(3)______numbers as there are now, but their percentage of the population will jump from 12 percent today to 21 percent. That means more than one in five Americans at mid-century will be what we call "senior citizens." And if current demographic trends continue, a much greater (4)_______ of the nation’s elderly will be Hispanic, African-American and Asian-American.Linda Jacobsen at the Population Reference Bureau, a private (5)_____ that helps make sense of demographic data, helped us sort out the (6)________.Primarily, she says, in 2050 a whole lot more people 65 and older will be on the job outside the home. In part, that’s because many more than today will be well educated and in (7)____ health, and will simply WANT to keep working.Others won’t have a choice, since they won’t be able to get Social Security benefits as the (8)_______age keeps rising—quite possibly to 70 or beyond by 2050. And as private panies cut costs, (9)_________________________________________________________ .Today, women more often than men are the ones who stay home to care for Mom and Dad in their last years —while men contributemoney to their elders’ care.But in 2050, (10)___________________________________________________________________ .So, Linda Jacobsen points out, young Americans had better be saving money right now in the increasing likelihood they’ll have to care for themselves in their advanced years.But, (11) ______________________________________________________________________________ . In 2050, Americans who are 65 may be considered "middle-aged." By then, only what demographers today call the "oldest old" —the 85-and-over crowd —will be thought of as truly "old."Part IIVocabulary(15%)Section ADirections: There are 20 inplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that can best plete the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1.The Sex Discrimination Act has not ____ discrimination in employment.A.MaintainedB. expelledC. eliminatedD. recovered2.To guarantee the pany’s success, our Directors developed and ____ stringent policies.A.carried aboutB. carried forwardC. implementsD. implementedA.provenanceB. originalC. measuresD. donor4.The British police have no ____ over foreign bank account.A.eliminationB. constraintC. incumbentD. jurisdiction5. Amid the _____ job market blues, this is the kind of report that gets my attention.A. persuasiveB. pervasiveC. persuadingD. permanent6. We seek to harness progress in science and technology to ensure effective disaster preparedness and _____.A. intensityB. severityC. excuseD. mitigation7. Asians are right to be proud of their region’s ____ in the global financial crisis.A. resilienceB. occurrenceC. propertyD. deformation8. Most Chinese carmakers are years behind their western counterparts ____________ quality, technology and service.A. in terms ofB. with regarding toC. as toD. in that9. China reaffirmed that it is not looking at pursuing a ____ trade surplus with the United States.A. substanceB. substantialC. subversiveD. subjective10. Tax revenues have ____ significantly due to a severe recession and tax changing policy choices.A. inclinedB. declinedC. being declinedD. been inclining11. Nobody could b elieve the politician’s ____________A. fishing timeB. crying stinking fishC. fishing in troubled waterD. fish story12. The sea became rougher and the boat rolled from side to side; many passengers began to look__.A. in low waterB. in hot waterC. going by the boardD. white about the gills13. With only half an hour to get everything ready, we’ll need _______ if we want to win the victoryA. all hands to the pumpsB. fish in troubled watersC. go by the boardD. miss the boat14. Hydrogen peroxide is the most widely used mercial _____ agent.A. bleachingB. vulnerableC. actingD. breaching15. Because human skin has weak ____, so that we can protect the skin, prevent the bacteria.A. acidB. acidityC. substanceD. illness16. These small _____ fishes live in open waters and usually consume a variable mix of phytoplankton and both herbivorous and carnivorous zooplankton.A. biotinB. molluskC. pelagicD. bivalve17. Marine construction technology like this is very plex, somewhat ___________ to trying to build a bridge under water.A. ameliorateB. analogousC. judiciousD. stringent18. China currently has 11 active actors, _____________ pared with the 104 in the U.S., according tothe International Atomic EnergyA. a drop in the oceanB. batten down the hatchesC. go by the boardD. fishing in troubled waters19. I must move to a larger house or spend money extending this one; either will be expensive, so I am ____.A. between the devil and the deep blue seaB. at seaC. any port in a stormD. over head and ears20. We are now striving hard to establish a ______ parliamentary democracy.A. opaqueB. transparentC. understandingD. aboveboardSection BDirection: plete the following sentences with proper prefixes.1.Loyal armed forces launched a ___-attack against the rebels.A.counterB. upC. homoD. sub2.Somali government forces have failed to ___due militiamen who refuse to recognize governmentauthority in the south of the capital Mogadishu.A.BioB. subC. disD. counter3.The term "__graph〞is a word that is spelt like another word but has a different meaning fromit, and may have a different pronunciation.A.bioB. upC. homoD. sub.4.In some parts of the world, ____gamy is still allowed, which is unfair to women.A.polyB. microC. subD. out5.Although invisible to the human eye, the virus can be seen clearly when examined under a___scope.A.subB. polyC. microD. out6.If you are ___head in your work or achievements, you have made more progress than youexpected to and are performing well.A. aB. enC. overD. in7.It stressed that the government would go on with its task to protect its citizens, ___arm terroristsand hold accountable the perpetrators of terrorist acts.A.inB. overC. enD. dis8.This may result in lessons which are too easy, ___relevant, or otherwise inappropriate, as theresearch suggest.A.irB. nonC. multiD. over9. A __cultural approach to language learning in education is quite useful.A.overB. ecoC. nonD. multi10.It is the work of forensic scientists to examine the physical evidence, and using the methods ofscience, to ___construct the events that constituted the crime.A.overB. unC. re d. coPart III Reading prehension (25%)Section OneDirections:There are 3 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneTraditional media may be declining in much of the rich world, but in poor countries it is booming. The growth in private media in developing countries has spurred much of the demand, as has new technology. That is stoking journalism training in far-flung places, in many shapes and sizes. They range from full degree programmes to the short-term specialist training offered widely across Asia, Africa and Latin America. Groups offering such courses include the BBC World Service Trust, the Reuters and Thomson Foundations, the Institute for War and Peace Reporting (IWPR) and Internews Network, a media-development charity based in America.These days the donors are particularly interested in niches, such as investigative reporting and science writing. But that approach sometimes fails. The need for basic reporting skills is still central. Trainers stress the need for flexibility. Participants in the courses praise the results, while plaining about the lack of focus and co-ordination among some providers. Shapi Shacinda, the Reuters correspondent in Zambia and chairman of the press club in the capital, Lusaka, says that foreign-backed training in business and economic reporting has helped bring more skeptical coverage. Previously, news stories used to be taken straight from officials' statements, he says.But governments are harder to teach. Encouraging students to probe sensitive topics may threaten their lives or livelihoods. An Iraqi journalist trained by and working with the IWPR was shot dead earlier this year. Just this week, Zambia's minister of information asserted that state-run media should not criticize the government. In Russia, an organization founded by Internews has been closed by the authorities, who were apparently suspicious of its American backing. Rich-country governments can be a problem too. Some try to influence the "messages〞that trainers deliver, for example by insisting that their diplomats talk to classes on a regular basis. The big training groups insist that they control their own content. Blurring the boundaries can be dangerous both for journalists and the programmes that support them, he notes. But others may be less choosy.More is not always better. Quality varies wildly. Places like Bangladesh and Rwanda have been showered with training in recent years. Gratitude is mixed with the wish for better co-ordination. David Okwemba of Kenya's The Nation newspaper, who also helps train journalists, bemoans(哀叹) overlap between courses and providers' failure to share information.Some courses aspire loftily to build democratic societies through a free press. The BBC trust says it aims to give a say to the mon man by holding institutions—public and private—to account. Such arange of goals makes measuring results difficult. Teaching how to point a camera or write a news story may be easy pared to raising awareness of broader issues such as HIV/AIDS.Many old news hands laugh at the notion of formal journalism education. A well-stocked and inquiring mind plus sharp writing skills are the main assets, they reckon. But even the most grey-haired veterans of rich-world journalism still seem glad to earn extra money tutoring new hands in poor countries.1. Traditional media is booming in poor countries because of the following reasons except_____A. the private media is developing at a fast pace.B. the new technology provides technical foundation.C. there are many journalism trainings in various shapes and sizes.D. the demand for traditional media has been in steady increase.2. Which one of the following statements is TRUE of the present training in those poor countries"A. The trainers are paying more attention on skills of investigative reporting and science writing.B. The courses are mostly extensive rather than being intensive.C. The training puts emphasis on the flexibility of basic reporting skills.D. Some trainees are satisfactory with the training courses while some are plaining.3. Shapi Shacinda think foreign-backed training in business and economic reporting has helped bring more skeptical coverage because_____A. there is a conservative tradition of news reporting in these countries.B. the foreign-backed training is skeptical about the previous news stories in these countries.C. there exist some problems in the concept of news report in these countries.D. the governments order that news stories should be taken from officials’ statements.4. From the third paragraph, it can be inferred that Shapi Shacinda thinks_____A. the training is in short of teaching the tactics to deal with different government.B. it is still mon for governments of less-developed countries to interfere with journalism.C. the training had better not involve itself into unnecessary disputes.D. the training should stress more on journalism independence from the government. 5．Towards the journalism training, the attitudes of veterans of journalism can be said to be _____A. critical.B. despicable.C. inconsistent.D. supportive.Passage 2When Princeton, the University of Virginia, and Harvard announced last fall that they would drop their early admissions options because they gave an unfair advantage to wealthy students, many college counselors held their breath. Would early decision go the way of kegs in dormitories" Not for now, at least. Early admission is still going strong at many colleges and universities, including many top-tier schools.Early decision in particular--in which a student mits to a first-choice institution--is often touted as a plus for both schools and students. Colleges can lock up half of their class before January, and acceptance rates are typically higher than under regular admission. The major drawback of early decision is that it leaves students who are in the market for the best financial aid package out in the cold. By applying early, you must enroll if accepted, so paring awards with those of other schools is out of the question. Schools like that, of course, because it helps their bottom line. But there is apossible end run: Ask if a school will release you from your obligation should its aid package fall short. In some cases, a school will roll you into the regular admission pool, allowing for parison shopping e springtime.While some schools admit almost the same percentage of applicants during early and regular admission, many favor the early pool. Johns Hopkins University took 44 percent from its early round and 24 percent from the regular pool. Early birds at Hopkins make up a third of this fall's freshman class. Nonetheless, college counselors have seen borderline students get a boost by applying early decision. "If they aren't legacies, athletes, or an underrepresented minority, early decision may be the only hook that some students have," says Jim Conroy, chair of post-high-school counseling at New Trier Township High School in Winnetka, Ill. But you need to be realistic. "If a school is out of your reach, it's out of reach whether you apply early decision, early action, or regular admission," says Sarah Wilburn, a college counselor at Campus Bound in Quincy, Mass. "Move on and set some new goals."Advantage or not, applying early decision makes sense only if you're convinced that a school is a good fit for you. Erin Murray decided to apply to Dartmouth early despite the advice of her college counselor and others. They wanted her to improve her transcript after she had spent a semester of high school in Italy. But the teenager from Cheyenne, Wyo., wisely played up her experience abroad (her 4.0 GPA and top-class board scores didn't hurt, either) and was accepted. "I probably would have fit well at a number of schools," she admits, "but Dartmouth was the only place I could see myself walking across the greens. It was an instinctive reaction."If you lack the same certainty but clinching a slot before New Year's is appealing, consider other early admissions plans. Early action is a nonbinding alternative that allows you to apply by November 1 and hear back before the regular application deadline. Some highly selective schools require that you submit only one early action application--called single-choice early action--meaning you can't apply early elsewhere. Another option is to apply early to rolling admissions, where an application that arrives in the fall may stand out more than one that arrives with most of the others in January.1. Which one of the following statements is NOT true of early decision"A. Early decision is a mon strategy adopted by universities to secure high rate of student enrollment.B. Early decision begins to be abandoned by top American universities.C. Early decision is a special treatment for rich students, athletes and minorities.D. Early decision will still be in practice for a fairly long time.2. The major disadvantage of early decision is that_____A. students can enjoy a less attractive the financial aid package if he chooses early decision.B. it excludes students who are from lower social class or poor family background.C. it does not allow students to choose the other better schools.D. it excludes students who want to have parison shopping.3. What Sarah Wilburn wants to suggest students is that____A. early decision is not so advantageous as people think.B. students should not regard early decision as the sole way to college.C. students should evaluate themselves objectively before making early decision.D. students should not limit themselves in early decision.4.Wyo applied to Dartmouth because_____A. she was quite confident due to her rich experience of studying abroad.B. the university’s beautiful lawn aroused her affection.C. she found Dartmouth the only one that fit her after researching a bunch of universities.D. her 4.0 GPA and top-class board scores were not so ideal.5. The following options can be adopted by students lacking certainty of which school to apply to except_____A. applying to early action.B. applying to rolling admissions.C. applying to early decision.D. applying single-choice early action.Passage 3The U.N.-sponsored Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)report released today in Brussels has a familiar ring. As the climate disasters headlined recently—intense hurricanes, drought in the American West, Arctic thawing (融化)—bee monplace in a greenhouse world, plants, animals, and people will suffer.That has been the presumption, but the latest report from the IPCC projecting greenhouse impacts calculates mounting costs that will fall the heaviest on the world’s poor. February’s IPCC report on the physical science of climate firmly lin ks most of the recent warming of the world to human activity.Scientists authoring the second report had a tougher challenge: figuring out the likely consequences. To do that, they considered 29,000 datasets from 75 studies. Of those data series, 89% showed change—receding glaciers or earlier blooming, for example—consistent with a response to warming.Because those responses usually occurred where the warming has been greatest, the scientists concluded that it’s "very unlikely" the changes were due to natural variability of climate or of the system involved. "For the first time, we concluded anthropogenic (人类起源的) warming has had an influence on many physical and biological systems," says Cynthia Rosenzweig of NASA’s Goddard Institute for Space Studies in New York City, a coordinating lead author on the report.The IPCC scientists also projected the effects of future warming.Assuming that nothing is done to slow greenhouse emissions, the February report predicted a temperature increase of roughly 3℃toward the end of the century, drying at lower latitudes, more precipitation at higher latitudes, and rising sea levels. "This report finds that such a warming will bleach most coral reefs by mid-century), drying will begin decreasing crop yields at lower latitudes within a few decades, and sea level rise and tropical cvclone intensification will increase the likelihood of millions of people being flooded out each year on river mega-deltas such as that of the Ganges-Brahmaputra in southern Asia.Bottom line" "You don’t want to be poor and living on a river delta or the Florida coast," says climate scientist Stephen Schneider of Stanford University, a coordinating lead author. The poor—especially subsistence (生存) farmers—tend to be more vulnerable to climate change, notes the report. And they are least able to adapt, say by building levees (堤坝) against storms or dams for irrigation. Schneider’s other advice: "Try not to go over 2℃ or 3℃ because that triggers the really nasty stuff. With that much warming, the bad effects of this century only get worse, and the rare benefits, such as higher crop yields in wetter areas, fade.1．According to the first paragraph, the IPCC report______.A．sounds familiar to peopleB．has bee monplaceC．warns people of climate disastersD．has been presumed long before2．The latest IPCC report focuses on______.A．the likelihood that plants, animals, and people will sufferB．the heaviest costs of greenhouse impacts on the poor peopleC．the devastating climate disasters resulting from global warmingD．intense hurricanes, drought in the American West, and Arctic thawing3. Many data series show that climate changes, such as Arctic thawing, ______．A．are a response to anthropogenic warmingB．result from the natural variability of climateC．influence many physical and biological systemsD．bring about tougher challenges to people4. According to IPCC scientists, the effects of future warming may include______A．bleaching all coral reefs by mid-centuryB．higher crop yields in wetter areasC．more precipitation at lower latitudesD．numerous people in coastal areas being flooded out5. The authors of the IPCC report believe that______．A．the bottom line is not to live on a river deltaB．being richer is less vulnerable to climate changeC．something worse mayarise from global warmingD．the warming of the temperature can bring higher crop yieldsSection Two信息匹配题10个statement匹配10个段落。
09中国海洋大学数学分析
中国海洋大学2009年研究生入学考试试题科目代码 : 617 科目名称 ：数学分析一．（30分）求极限（1）)111(lim 0--→x x e x ； (2) n n n n !lim ∞→； （3）⎰++∞→10)1(1lim nxn n x d ；（4）)1ln(102)(cos lim x x x +→； （5）dx x n n ⎰∞→20sin lim π. 二．（15分）叙述与举例（要求有讨论过程）：（1）用肯定语气写出)(x f 在[]b a ,上不一致连续的充要条件。
（2）举出函数)(x f 满足条件：在x =0时可导，但在0的任何邻域内不可导。
（3）举出函数),(y x f 满足条件：在（0，0）处连续，两个偏导数存在（并求出），但在（0，0）处不可微。
三.(24分)证明不等式：（1）当2021π<<<x x 时，有1221sin sin x x x x <；（2）设f 在[]b a ,上有连续导数，0)()(==b f a f ，1)(2=⎰dx x f ba ，则41))()()((222≥'⎰⎰⎰b a b a b a dx x f x dx x f 四．（10分）判断下面正项级数的敛散性；∑∞=⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-11cos 2n n n e π 五．（28分）求积分：（1）dx e x ⎰+∞∞--2；（2）⎰-+-+-Ldz y x dy x z dx z y )()()(，其中L 为圆柱面222a y x =+和平面)0,0(1>>=+h a hz a x 的交线，从x 轴的正向看去，是逆时针方向。
六．（15分）讨论下列积分在指定区间的一致收敛性；dx x x 1sin 10⎰-α，），20(∈α. 七．（13分）设)(x f 在），（∞+∞-上可导，且a x f =∞→)(lim x ，求证)(x f '至少存在一个零点。
中央电大2009年7月综合英语(4)试题
B. can be our country developed D. our country can develop
good to others. B. what he thought was D. what it was he thought an entrance examination to be admitted to an
much about us as possible. We are all looking forward to hearing from you. 1 1. A. come 12. A. to 13. A. When 14. A. sciences-minded 15. A. to mention 16. A. camping 17. A. both 18. A. would rather 19. A. got to 20. A. discovers B. coming B. from B. All B. work-minded C. came
4. Nancy has been A. away from
B. sincerely D. deliberately her father since she began to do a part-time job after class. B. independent of D. reliable on our ability to remember , other factors also
Dear Mr. Compton ,
I am returning our application to host a foreign student for the 11) school year. My
husband , John , and I are looking forward to this special visit , and our son and daughter are as excited as we are about sharing our home. We think we have a great deal to offer , both intellectually and socially , 12) 13) a foreign student.
中国海洋大学新版研究生英语小考复习资料剖析
protocol /ˈprəʊtəkɒl / n. the accepted or established code of procedure or behavior in any group,organization, or situation科学实验报告/计划；（外交条约）草案；协议...a computer protocol which could communicate across different languages.…一个可以在不同的语言之间传递信息的计算机协议。
...the Montreal Protocol to phase out use and production of CFCs.…逐步停止使用和生产含氯氟烃的《蒙特利尔议定书》。
kyoto protocol京都议定书network protocol网络协议compile /kəmˈpʌɪl / v. collect (information) in order to produce a list or book 汇编; 汇集The book took 10 years to compile. 这本书花了10年编写。
faculty/ˈfak(ə)lti / n. a group of university departments concerned with a major division of knowledge 全体教职工The faculty agreed on a change in the requirements.全体教员同意改变要求。
How can faculty improve their teaching so as to encourage creativity?全体教员怎样才能改进教学以便激发创造力？faculty member 教职工faculty and staff 教职员faculty and students 教师和学生albeit /ɔːlˈbiːɪt / conj. thoughCharles's letter was indeed published, albeit in a somewhat abbreviated form.查尔斯的信确实被刊登了出来，尽管有些删节。
2009年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题(和答案)
全国2009年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题课程代码：00832Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1．According to semanticists, a word is a unit of ______.（）A．meaning B．soundC．combination of sounds D．group2．The pronunciation has changed ______ spelling over the years.（）A．more slowly than B．as quickly asC．more rapidly than D．not so quickly as3．Words may fall into the basic word stock and nonbasic vocabulary by ______.（）A．use frequency B．notionC．origin D．sound4．Rapid growth of science and technology breeds such new words as the following EXCEPT______.（）A．green revolution B．fast foodC．moon walk D．space shuttle5．Semantic change means an old form which takes on a new ______ to meet the new need.（）A．form B．meaningC．look D．pronunciation6．Reviving archaic words also contribute to the growth of English vocabulary. For instance, in American English “fall”means ______ in British English.（）A．four B．fellC．for D．autumn7．The plural morpheme “-s” is realized by /s/after the following sounds EXCEPT ______.（）A．/t/ B．/g/C．/p/ D．/k/8．There are ______ free morphemic words in the following: bird, man, red, collection.（）A．one B．twoC．three D．four9．The following words have derivational affixes EXCEPT ______.（）A．works B．prewarC．postwar D．bloody10．30% to 40% of the total number of new words in English are produced through ______.（）A．compounding B．affixationC．conversion D．shortening11．The word “motel” is created by ______.（）A．compounding B．clippingC．blending D．suffixation12．“BBC” is formed in the way of ______.（）A．acronymy B．clippingC．back-formation D．prefixation13．The types of meanings include the following EXCEPT ______.（）A．grammatical meaning B．conceptual meaningC．associative meaning D．literal meaning14．By ______ motivation, we mean that the meaning of a word is related to its origin.（）A．onomatopoeic B．morphologicalC．semantic D．etymological15．______ is the result of human cognition, reflecting the objective world in the human mind.（）A．Reference B．ConceptC．Sense D．Motivation16．Semantic field, according to the course book, is also considered an integral part of ______.（）A．word formation B．word meaningC．meaning change D．sense relations17．When a word is first coined, it is always ______.（）A．semantic B．onomatopoeicC．monosemic D．polysemic18．The following are all synonymous pairs, but in each the second is standard in usage whereas the first is archaic, EXCEPT ______.（）A．ire/anger B．rich/wealthyC．forlorn/distressed D．bliss/happiness19．Shakespeare is difficult to understand than contemporary writings because many of his words were used in different ______ from what they have now in dictionaries.（）A．senses B．formsC．dialects D．terms20．The mode of ______ is well reflected in the word “picture”, which originally denoted mere “painting”, but now has come to include “drawings” and even “photographs”（）A．extension B．elevationC．narrowing D．degradation21．In the sentence “The old man, though poor, is a respectable gentleman.”, the word “respectable” is used in the ______sense of transfer.（）A．subjective B．objectiveC．sensational D．physical22．Which of the following is NOT one of the roles of context?（）A．Elimination of ambiguity.B．Indication of referents.C．Provision of clues for inferring word-meaning.D．Provision of culture background for inferring word-meaning.23．The sentence “I lost Betty’s picture.” is ambiguous due to ______.（）A．grammatical context B．polysemyC．antonymy D．hyponymy24．In the sentence “An east or north-east wind brings cold dry weather to England, but a sou’Wester usually brings rain.”, the meaning of “sou’wester” can be inferred from the clue of ______.（）A．relevant details B．synonymyC．antonymy D．hyponymy25．The idiom “toss and turn” is a(n) ______ as far as rhetorical features of idioms are concerned.（）A．alliteration B．metaphorC．metonymy D．rhyme26．Which of the following is NOT one of the types of idioms?（）A．Sentence idioms. B．Idioms adverbial in nature.C．Clausal idioms. D．Idioms nominal in nature.27．The following are all variations of idioms, EXCEPT ______.（）A．replacement B．additionC．shortening D．repetition28．Generally speaking, a dictionary will cover the following content EXCEPT ______.（）A．spelling B．syntactical usageC．pronunciation D．definition29．As a general Chinese-English dictionary, ______ is the most complete and up-to-date, most elaborately treated one （）A．A Chinese-English Dictionary (1995)B．Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English with Chinese TranslationC．A New English-Chinese DictionaryD．Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English with Chinese Translation30．Collins COBUILD English Usage (1992), is a(n) ______ dictionary.（）A．unabridged B．deskC．specialized D．encyclopedicⅡ．Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of transfer; 2) rhetorical features of idioms; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) the function of affixes. (10%)A B（）31．She burst into passionate sobbing. A．juxtaposition（）32．He drops off to sleep, the lamb. B．notional word（）33．and C．transfer of sensations（）34．the man’s coat D．abstract to concrete（）35．here and there E．derivational affix（）36．moon F．alliteration（）37．rough and ready G．functional word（）38．ex-prisoner H．inflectional affix（）39．fair and square I．associated transfer（）40．Helen looks a fright in that old black dress. J．rhymeⅢ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）41．When we talk about a word in visual terms, a word can be defined as a ________ group of letters printed or wri tten horizontally across a piece of paper.42．Modern English vocabulary develops through three channels: ________, semantic change and borrowing.43．We might say that free morphemes are free ________.44．The formation of words by adding word-forming affixes to stems is called ________.45．Semantic ________ refers to the mental associations suggested by the conceptual meaning of a word．46．Perfect homonyms and polysemants are fully ________ with regard to spelling and pronunciation.47．V ocabulary is the most ________ element of a language as it is undergoing constant changes both in form and content. 48．Ambiguity often arises due to ________ and homonymy.49．Idioms consist of set ________ and short sentences.50．Monolingual dictionaries are written in ________ language.Ⅳ．Define the following terms.（10%）51．morpheme52．homonym53．connotation54．elevation55．idiomⅤ．Answer the following questions. Y our answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）56．As far as growth of present-day English vocabulary is concerned, what are the three main sources of new words? 57．What are the semantic features of compounds? Give an example to illustrate your point.58．Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the characteristics of antonyms.State your reason with one example.Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between.59．How do you account for the context function as indication of referents?Ⅵ．Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）60．Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font.—“Y ou’re not eating your fish,” a waitress said to a customer. “Anything wrong with it?”—“Long time no sea.” the customer replied.61．Analyze the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the linguistic factors, based on the given words below. （1）gold, bulb;（2）deer, beast, animals;（3）fortuitous, fruition.全国2009年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试题答案Ⅰ．Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers. Choose the one that best completes the statement and put the letter in the bracket.（30%）1. A2. C3. A4. B5. B6. D7. B8. C9. A 10. B11. C 12. A 13. D 14. D 15. B 16. D 17. C 18. B 19. A 20 . A21. B 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. C 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. CⅡ．Match the words in Column A with the words in Column B according to 1) types of transfer; 2) rhetorical features of idioms; 3) types of vocabulary by notion; and 4) the function of affixes. (10%) 31. C 32. I 33. G 34. H 35. A 36. B 37. F 38. E 39. J 40. DⅢ．Complete the following statements with proper words or expressions according to the course book.（10%）41. meaningful 42. creation 43. roots 44. affixation 45. motivation46. identical 47. unstable 48. polysemy 49. phrase 50. oneⅣ．Define the following terms.（10%）51. Morpheme——The smallest functional unit in the composition of words.52. Homonym——Words different in meaning but either identical both in sound and spelling or identical only in sound or spelling53. Connotation ——The associations suggested by the conceptual meaning54.Elevation——A process by which words moves from a derogatory or neutral sense to a neutral and/or appreciative sense.55. Idiom——Expressions that are not readily understandable from their literal meanings of individual elements.Ⅴ．Answer the following questions. Your answers should be clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）56．As far as growth of present-day English vocabulary is concerned, what are the three main sources of new words?1)The rapid development of modern science and technology2)Social, economic and political changes;3)The influence of other cultures and language57．What are the semantic features of compounds? Give an example to illustrate your point.Every compound should express a single idea just as one word. For example, “a green hand” is“an inexperienced person”, not a hand that is green in color.58．Decide whether the following statement is true or false, based on your understanding of the characteristics of antonyms. State your reason with one example.Contrary terms are non-gradable and allow intermediate members in between.False.Contrary terms are gradable antonyms，differing in degree of intensity，so each has its own corresponding opposition. For example, hot and warm are synonyms. Their difference lies in intensity. Correspondingly, they each have a different antonym. The opposite of hot is cold and that of warm is cool. We cannot regard cool as the antonym of hot or cold as the antonym of warm.59．How do you account for the context function as indication of referents?English has a large number of words such as now/then, here/there, i/you, this/that, used to refer directly to people，time，place，etc. without clear context，the reference can be very confusing. For example the word now always means the time of speaking, naturally referring to a past time when the speech took place in the past or a present moment if the person is speaking. It is the same with all referring expressions. Even a phrase like the Prime Minister may bring about ambuiguity without adequent verbal context, for it can be used to refer to any of the Prime Minister in British history.Ⅵ．Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below.（20%）60．Analyze the following dialogue and comment on the rhetoric use of homonym in italicized font.—“You’re not eating your fish,” a waitress said to a customer. “Anything wrong with it?”—“Long time no sea.” the customer replied.As homonyms are identical in sound or spelling, particularly homophones, they are often employed to create puns for desired effect of, say, humour, sarcasm or ridicule.Long time no see is usually said as a form of greeting between two friends when they meet after a long time. Here the customer cleverly employed the structure of the idiom to his advance to criticize in a humorous way the bad quality of the food served at the restaurant. Long time no see implies that “sea food kept for a long time is not fit for eating”.61．Analyze the three causes of meaning change within the scope of the linguistic factors, based on the given words below.（1）gold, bulb;（2）deer, beast, animals;（3）fortuitous, fruition.1) internal factors: Such change occurs when a phrase is shortened to one word which retains the meaning of the whole, e.g. god is used for “gold medal”, and “bulb” for “light bulb”.2) the influx of borrowings:Such change occurs when the borrowings are introduced into English vocabulary. For example, deer formerly meant animal, and later animal from Latin and beast from French found their way into English. As the three terms were synonymous, animal retained the original meaning, the meaning of deer was narrowed and beast changed in color.3)analogy: Such change occurs when analogy is used. For instiance, fortuitous formerly denoted “happening by chance”, “accidental” and later took on the meaning “fortunate” probably by analogy because the two words look similar. It is the same with fruition, the original meaning being “a pleasure obtained from using or possessing something”, which had nothing to do with fruit. Its meaning of “the bearing of fruit” was due to the later association with the word fruit.。
课程名称综合英语4级.doc
1.课程名称：综合英语(４级）课程描述:本课程针对非英语专业学生在备考大学英语四级考试过程中的薄弱之处，以强化词汇和听力为出发点，系统梳理4的考试标准和题型，并对各种题型进行高频考点分析，以帮生在备考过程中对症下药,攻克弱项，顺利通关。
本课程的突出特点在于:突出词汇, 夯实基础；强化听力，增强;精设专项，有的放矢;制定规划,按部就班。
适合对象： 4级考试未达到425分或参加4级考试的学生。
（强烈推荐)主要教材：《大学英语四级专项攻关》，中山大学;以及任课教师推荐、补充的资料。
2.课程名称:高级综合英语(6级）课程描述：本课程针对非英语专业学生在备考大学英语六级考试过程中的薄弱之处,以强化词汇和听力为出发点,系统梳理６的考试标准和题型,并对各种题型进行高频考点分析，以帮生在备考过程中对症下药，攻克弱项,顺利通关。
本课程的突出特点在于:突出词汇，夯实基础;强化听力, 增强；精设专项，有的放矢;制定规划，按部就班.适合对象:大学英语四级考试４6０分以上,准备参加六级考试的学生。
(大学英语四级考试未达到４６0分的学生不能选修该课程）。
主要教材：《步步为赢-新六级710分突破》,电子；以及任课教师推荐、补充的资料。
3.课程名称:《商务英语》课程描述：与注重阅读和词汇的传统英语课程不同,本课程将商务专业知识融入真实的职场情景中，旨在培养学生的英语应用能力，使他们能够在未来职场中脱颖而出。
该课程包括口语、听力、阅读、写作四个方面,它注重听力和口语的训练，突出日常生活和商务工作中的实用性,课程描述包括：求职、面试、营销、金融,管理和财务基础、企业文化等方面的话题。
作为一门大学英语的后续课程，本课程在讲授过程中也会穿插介绍剑桥商务英语考试的特点、题型和应试技巧等，为有兴趣参加考试的学生打下良好的基础。
适合对象:大学英语四级考试达到４25分及以上的工商、财经、管理等各专业的学生，且对商务方面的知识感兴趣的各专业学生。