英语高考专题 阅读理解之猜测词义
高考英语阅读理解(猜测词义)
He is a resolute man. In other words, once he makes up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway. The underlined word means____. A. strong B. determined C. kind D. clever
Teaching Objectives(教学目标)： Knowledge and skills知识与技能 1. Acquire the techniques and strategies of word-guessing 2. Use the techniques and strategies of word-guessing learnt to solve the problems. Emotion, attitude and values 情感态度价值观 1. Build up confidence in guessing new words while reading 2. Increase the awareness of guessing new words in reading discourses depending on the context and enhance the skills in use. 教学重点与难点 Teaching focus: 1. Search for the clues and hints in the context that reveal the techniques of word-guessing. 2. Sum up the ways and the techniques to guess new words.
专题01 阅读理解 ( 词义猜测题)高考英语真题试题研究
例子4
26．What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph? A．A dessert. B．A drink. C．A container. D．A machine. [分析] 该段第一句含有一个if引导的条件状语从句，若满足该条件，则产生的结果是第一句的 后半句和第二句， “you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a ‘softserve’ creamy dessert, to be eaten right away.” 即“将冰冻香蕉和其他莓类、水果片放进去，出来的是奶油状甜品”。由此因果关系可推知 juicer指的是榨汁机。故选择D项。
阅读理解之词义猜测题
技巧导图
ONE
根据线索确定词义的方法
根据线索确定词义的方法
1. 定义法。 Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即＂退火＂。 It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是＂脆＂的意思。 The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为＂牧人＂。
ONE
(完整版)高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧
高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧猜测词义，是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇提供的信息、行文逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某个生词、难词、关键词的词义。
英语词语的意义非常丰富，语境不同，词义也就不同。
所以解决此类题目要掌握一定的猜词策略。
I.根据上下文语境进行猜测任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整篇文章有关。
利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，也是高考的热点。
如：例1.(2002年全国卷，B篇)“Organic produce is always better，”Gold said，“The food is free of pesticides(农药)，and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal，so it is more tasty.”Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend，and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business62.What is the meaning of “the organic trend”as the words are used in the text？A.growing interest in organic foodB.better quality of organic foodC.rising market for organic foodD.higher prices of organic food例2.(2003年全国卷,C篇)Fermat's Last Theorem(定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.65.Which of the following best exp lains the meaning of the word “baffle” as used in the text？A.To encourage people to raise questions.B.To cause difficulty in understanding.C.To provide a person with an explanation.D.To limit people's imagination.例3.If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him.A. drunkB. sweatingC. happyD. mistaken练习：1.A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails.2. The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing.3. All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake.4. For people who live within a stone’s throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable.5. The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles.（二）根据定义或解释猜测词义有些阅读文章，尤其是新闻报导及科普类文章中的有些生词，往往在其后有对该词进行解释说明性的短语或句子，如to be, that is , mean, stand for, namely, to refer to, to mean ,in otherwords等，有时也以同位语、定语从句的形式出现，或用破折号、括号来表示，这时可利用这种关系或解释对前面或后面的词义进行猜测。
英语阅读理解中生词词义猜测技巧
英语阅读理解中生词词义猜测技巧生词是影响阅读理解的重要因素，同时猜测生词词义也是高考英语阅读理解的一个重要考点;考查猜测生词词义的题，有时可占阅读理解总题量的四分之一;更重要的是，如果太多的生词词义不能理解或大致了解，则必将对文章的理解以及随后的做题构成严重影响。
因此要想做好阅读理解题，获得阅读理解高分，就必须掌握一些猜词方法，具备一定的推测词义的能力。
下面是几种行之有效的推测生词词义的方法：一、同义解释法有时文章中尽管出现有生词，但作者可能以某种方式对生词进行了解释，如利用or、that is (to say)、in other words、namely等释义性词语或短语进行解释，或利用破折号、同位语、同位语从句、定语从句等解释。
同学们若能充分利用这种同义解释的关系，便可轻易地猜测出生词的词义。
如：But sometimes，no rain falls for a long time.Then there is a dry period，or drought.句中的or告诉我们：drought与a dry period同义，即表示“干旱，旱灾”。
We are on the night shift - from midnight to 8 am — this week.两个破折号之间的短语清楚地表明night shift是“夜班”的意思。
另外，有时作者还可能用定义法这一更直白的解释方法来对生词进行解释，此法通常涉及的动词有be、mean、deal with、be considered、refer to、be called、be known as等。
二、因果推断法有时对生词词义的推测需要结合上下文的因果关系来进行推断，既可以是根据原因推测结果，也可以是根据结果推测原因。
英语中通常用于表示因果关系的词语有because、as、since、for、so、thus、as a result、of course、therefore、so （such）…that等。
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测方法
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测方法高考英语阅读理解词义猜想方法语言是沟通工具，英语无疑是这个世界上最重要的沟通工具。
下面准备了高考英语阅读理解词义猜想方法，希望你喜欢。
推测生词或短语的意义阅读理解题中所设置的词义猜想类题多是对生词、短语、指示代词的猜想。
一方面，命题者要求考生所猜想的单词或短语可能是已学过的或是考生较熟悉的，但高考所考查的是不太常见的意思;另一方面命题者要求考生所猜想的单词或短语可能是考生没有学过的。
此时，对单词或短语的猜想不要停留在字面上,要根据语境来判断。
考生可以通过构词法知识分析生词词义,或通过上下文尤其是生词所在的`句子以及其前后两句话猜想词义。
还可以通过联想进行推测,即回想已知词汇中是否存在拼写与该生词类似的词。
常用的几种猜词方法如下：1.利用副词或连词的转折、因果等关系有些词虽然不能直接猜想出其意义，但在上下文中能找到一些与之具有对比关系的[JP3]词，通过了解这些词的意义，就可以推断出所考查词的意思。
考生通过这种对比关系，就很容易猜出生词的词义了。
还可以通过近义词或反义词提供的信息猜想生词的词义。
俗话说，有因必有果，有果必有因。
根据原因可以预测结果，根据结果也可以找出原因。
如because, since与as是连接原因状语从句的从属连词;so是连接表示结果状语从句的连词;so...that与such...that中的that是连接结果状语从句的连词。
当这些信息词出现在有生词的句子中，考生通过因果关系，依据已知部分就能猜出生词的词义。
2.构词法(此法亦是记忆单词之妙法)合成法。
合成词是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的。
遇到这类生词时可根据合成法来猜想词义。
英语的合成词有合成形容词、合成名词等。
合成形容词的构成方法如下：(1)形容词+现在分词，如good-looking好看的;(2)副词+现在分词,如hard-working辛勤的，工作努力的;(3)名词+现在分词，如peace-loving爱好和平的;(4)名词+过去分词,如state-owned国有的。
高考英语阅读理解 词义猜测
词义猜测知识摘要一、高考阅读理解词义猜测类题目常见的设问方式1. The word “…” refers to/ probably means ________.2. The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by ________.3. What do you think the expression “…” stands for?4. By saying “…” we mean ________.5. “…” as used in the passage can best be defined as ________.6. Which of the following words can take the place of the word “…”?考点梳理一、利用指代关系猜测找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词所指代的内容。
连读前、后段落，主要看前面的句子所出现的名词及相当于名词的表达。
二、利用定义语猜测对于某个陌生词，作者一般会在文章中给出该词的定义或解释。
这种解释可能是一种重复说明或定义。
线索词有that, which, is等。
三、利用定语或同位语猜测通常引出同位语的词有or, that is, in other words等，还有以括号或破折号的形式出现。
在这些标记词后较易找到同画线词意义相同或相近的词。
四、利用文章中的举例猜测根据文章所举的例子，从具体到一般，猜出该生词的意思。
五、利用对比或比较的词语猜测运用有对比关系的词语，例如反义词，可以暗示出生词的含义。
这类词主要有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast to等。
标点符号中的分号也可表示对比。
六、利用构词法猜测分析复合词，从该词的各个部分的特定意思及联系上猜出该词的意思。
高考英语阅读理解之猜测词义技巧
高考英语阅读理解之猜测词义技巧猜测词义是英语阅读理解的重要考点之一，近几年高考试题中都会有一个小题考查词义猜测。
词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。
除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了新课标词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，而需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。
下面让我们一起看看如何突破此类题吧！1.利用释义法解题在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。
常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。
通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。
【考例1】（2022年全国乙卷，C篇）29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety.B. Assistance from drones.C. inspection and repair.D. Construction of infrastructure.解析：原文：That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.“including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”对“maintenance”进行了解释，故推测maintenance是“维护，保养”的意思，C项inspection and repair与句中的inspect and repair对应。
高考英语阅读理解词义猜测题附答案
阅读理解专项打破III词义猜测【命题特点】考察依据上下文推想生词和短语实力,突出考察对语境分析和把握实力。
【常见考法】1. The underlined word “…〞probably means____.2. The word “…〞used in paragraph “…〞refers to/suggests____.3. The phrase “…〞in the sentence can be replaced by ____.4. Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word “…〞5. What is the meaning of the underlined word in paragraph “…〞6. By saying “…〞, we mean_____.7. What do you think of the expression “…〞stands for8. The meaning of word “…〞in the passage is related to_____.一．通过定义或说明推想语义有些概念性生词出现后，作者会给出它定义、同位语、修饰性从句或是定语。
这些修饰成分可以扶植我们推断诞生词语义〔1〕定义句谓语动词在文中多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered to be, refer to, be called, be known as, define〔下定义〕, represent, signify〔表示，说明〕, constitute〔指。
〕等。
〔2〕说明那么常用as you know, to be called, to mean, to refer to, that is〔to say〕, in other words, namely 等词语以及同位语和定语从句来提示下文将前面信息加以重复或说明。
高三英语阅读理解：猜测词语意思
(十二)
60. The underlined word “outlawed” probably means “_____”.
A. allowed C. offered B. banned D. refused
B 据构词法推测。这是一个复合词，law表示 “法律”, out的含义为“在……之外”，因此可 以猜出outlaw的含义为“使……不合法；禁止”， 故选B。
即时练习
(一 )
42. The underlined expression “cutting edge” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ____. A. advanced tive rule D. dividing line
56. The word “luxury” means _____.
A. something rare but not pleasant B. something that cannot be imagined C. something expensive but not necessary D. something that can only be enjoyed by boys C 据转折对比关系推测。文中用on the other hand, while将Sheila与Perri两者进行对比。一个 是在大萧条时期长大的Sheila，浪费时间和金钱 就是犯罪, luxury是不可能的; 一个在特权中长 大，会偶尔享受一下luxury。本段先后三次出现 luxury, 再结合四个选项，不难推断其意为“奢 侈品”，故选C。
考点分类导练
词义猜测题 根据上下文猜测生词的含义是考生 必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能,因此,词 义猜测题是高考阅读理解的必考题型。 这类题包括猜测单词、短语、句子的意 思和判断指代内容。
2024年新高考英语一轮复习专题 21 阅读理解之词义猜测题(含答案解析)
专题21 阅读理解（词义猜测题）1.（2023·广东深圳·高三统考期末）On the outside, 12-year-old Luna seems like your average kid. It's not until you get to know her that you learn that Luna is anything but average.Bom with a heart defect (缺陷)called dextrocardia, Luna has had three open-heart operations and continues to pursue her interests in art and fashion. But when Luna was approached by athletic shoe company Saucony to design a shoe for sale across the country, it came as quite a surprise.“This is so incredible. I got to use my art and creativity for something new that I'd never thought I'd be able to design,“ Luna said. She is one of six patients from Boston Children's Hospital ( BCH) who have partnered with Saucony to design their own shoe to launch the Shoes with Soul campaign.“Rather than just a donation, we wanted to create an experience and a moment that would not only raise money, but also awareness to highlight all the amazing work that's being done at BCH,“ says Chris, Saucony's vice president. “Specifically, we wanted to give some of the BCH kids an opportunity to share their story and their talents with the world. ”Luna's design is fashion. u On the tongue ,they digitalized one of my drawings, and then on bottom it's a really bright pink color, and on the inside ,the sole of the shoe is actually another drawing I did of a sunset,“ she said. "Thinking about kids everywhere around the world wearing my shoe is amazing. It blows my mind.”The income from the shoe sales will benefit the Boston Children's Hospital Cardiac Fitness Program, which encourages kids to “find your possible" through personalized exercise programs tailored for each individual patient's heart condition.“It feels really good to help people and it's really something I can relate to,“ says Luna. “The advice I would give a kid or someone like me is never give up. There are a lot of kids out there with your condition and you're not alone.”1．What can we learn from Chris' words?A．It's unwise to raise money.B．It's optional to seek donations.C．It's wonderful to study art.D．It's necessary to show kids' talents.2．What does Luna mean by “It blows my mind" in paragraph 5?A．I'm overjoyed.B．['m very serious.C．My mind goes blank.D．My mind is racing.3．Which of the following best describes Luna?A．Gifted and determined.B．Generous and serious.C．Grateful and helpful.D．Creative and sensitive.4．What is the text mainly intended to do?A．Tell us a story of a disabled girl.B．Set a good example to the disabled.C．Launch Saucony's new brand shoes.D．Introduce a campaign with kid patients.【答案】1．D 2．A 3．A 4．D【分析】这是一篇记叙文。
高考英语词义猜测与推理技巧
高考英语词义猜测与推理技巧高考英语中，词义猜测与推理是考查学生英语语境理解能力的重要环节。
通过猜测生词的意义，推理出文章的隐含信息，不仅可以提高阅读理解的得分，也有助于提升语言运用的能力。
下面将介绍几种常用的词义猜测和推理技巧，帮助考生在高考英语中取得好成绩。
一、上下文猜测法上下文猜测法是最常见的词义猜测技巧之一。
在阅读理解中，我们可以根据上下文提供的信息，来推测生词或短语的含义。
例如："Although John was exhausted, he pushed himself to finish the race."根据上下文，我们可以猜测 "exhausted" 意思是 "非常疲惫的"，因为他还要完成比赛。
二、同义替换法有时候，文章中的一些生词可以通过替换同义词或近义词的方式进行猜测。
同义替换法要求考生具备基本的词汇积累和扩展能力。
例如："The famous actor appeared at the premiere of his latest film."根据上下文，我们可以猜测 "premiere" 的意思是 "首映式"，因为有"film" 的出现。
三、词根词缀法英语中很多单词都有明显的词根和词缀，词根词缀法通过分析词根和词缀的含义，来推测生词的意思。
例如："The patient is suffering from amnesia."在这个句子中，我们可以从 "amnesia" 这个词中找到 "a-" 和 "-nesia"，分别表示 "没有" 和 "记忆"。
综合起来，我们可以猜测 "amnesia" 的意思是 "失忆症"。
高考英语阅读理解中的词义猜测方法
高考英语阅读理解中的词义猜测方法〔关键词〕英语；阅读；词义；猜测1. 根据文中的解释或定义猜测生词的含义以生词的解释或定义为线索猜测词义是进行快速阅读最常见的一种办法。
如果在文章中出现比较生僻的词时，文中又能找出类似to be defined as，to be called，that is to say，to mean，to refer to，to be known as等对生词作出解释的语境线索，就可以领悟出该词的意思。
如：Pantomime refersto ashort play in which no words arespoken．此例中refers to 具有解释功能，再加上in which引导的定语从句提供的信息，pantomime的意思就很清楚了，意为“哑剧”。
2. 根据生活常识或经验猜测生词的含义在阅读的过程中如碰到生词，学生可以根据自身的经验或常识将其猜测出来。
如：Most of the flowers are beginning to wither because of the cold and dry weather．此句中wither为生词，但根据生活常识，由“由于寒冷和干燥的天气”可推测出多数花儿开始“凋谢、枯萎”。
3. 根据同义词或近义词猜测生词的含义通常情况下作者为了更清楚地表达自己的意思，往往用一个同义词或近义词解释另一个比较难的词，这些同义或近义词为学生推断词义提供了明显的线索。
or，like，as…as，the same as，similarly等都可作为引出同义词的标志性词语。
如：Mr Smith loves to talk，and his wife is similarly loquacious．很显然由similarly这个语境线索，可推测出loquacious意为love to talk．4. 根据反义词或转折关系来猜测生词的含义有时作者会用一些反义词来揭示事物的不同点，这些反义词无疑为学生猜测词义提供了非常好的线索。
高考英语阅读理解题阅读技巧之猜测词义_37页PPT
29、勇猛、大胆和坚定的决心能够抵得上武器的精良。——达·芬奇
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30、意志是一个强壮的盲人，倚靠在明眼的跛子肩上。——叔本华
谢谢！
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高考英语阅读理解题阅读技巧之猜测
词义_
21、没有人陪你走一辈子，所以你要 适应孤 独，没 有人会 帮你一 辈子， 所以你 要奋斗 一生。 22、当眼泪流尽的时候，留下的应该 是坚强 。 23、要改变命运，首先改变自己。
24、勇气很有理由被当作人类德性之 首，因 为这种 德性保 证了所 有其余 的德性 。--温 斯顿． 丘吉尔 。 25、梯子的梯阶从来不是用来搁脚的 ，它只 是让人 们的脚 放上一 段时间 ，以便 让别一 只脚能 够再往 上登。
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26、要使整个人生都过得舒适、愉快，这是不可能的，因为人类必须具备一种能应付逆境的态度。——卢梭
罗曼·罗兰
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28、知之者不如好之者，好之者不如乐之者。——孔子
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How to deal with questions ofword guessing in reading comprehensionLearning aims:Students should master the skills of guessing the meaning of unfamiliar words and phrases while reading.Step 1 Pre-classRead the following passage and guess the meanings of the underlined words.Can Animals Count?The American coot is a duck-like North American bird. Sometimes a coot will try and sneak one of its eggs into a neighbor‘s nest. Some coots recognize the deception, and roll the stranger‘s egg out again. Others don‘t catch on, and raise the stranger‘s egg as their own.Researcher Bruce Lyon at the University of California, Santa Cruz, and his team observed a series of coot nests for four seasons, noting which birds could spot a stranger‘s eggs and which couldn‘t. Then they compared how many eggs each kind laid.Their finding? The coots that couldn‘t tell when a stranger‘s egg had been stuck into their nest la id that many fewer of their own. Sneak one in, the coot lays one fewer. Sneak two in, the coot lays two fewer. Coots that successfully spotted intruders knocked them out again and then laid the same number they normally would.Lyon argues that, along with egg recognition, the coots must therefore be doing some version of ―I see I have nine eggs here–time to stop laying now.‖ And that means coots count. Other researchers aren‘t convinced. But though the debate goes on, the case for animal counting just got stronger…by the weight of one coot.Write down the meanings of the underlined words：coot sneak deceptioncatch on spot intrudersStep2 During-class猜测词义的方法：一, 根据构词法知识猜测词义。
在英语中有许多种构成单词的方法，常见的有三种：合成法，派生法和转化法。
1. 合成法是指由两个或两个以上的词组成一个新词的构词法。
如：nightlife, snow-white, ice-covered, good-looking, typewriter, absent-minded, darkroom, downtown, sightseeing等。
2. 派生法，也叫词缀法。
一般是通过在已有词语的词根加上前缀或后缀而形成的一个新词。
如：dislike, unnecessary, impossible, endanger, retell, useless, foolish, national, friendly, golden, movement, worker, childhood, happiness, direction等。
3. 转化法是指不通过给一个已有的词语加上前缀或后缀却能改变词语的词性或词义。
Have you booked your ticket? (n.—v.) His hair is beginning to grey. (adj.—v.)Let me have a try. (v.—n.) Tom went home early. (n.—adv.)注：首先要熟悉基本的构词法及其规律, 其次要掌握一定的词根和词缀。
二，联系上下文，猜测词义。
1. 关注上下文中的定义，定语从句，同位语短语或从句，is, means, that is(to say), or, or rather,i.e., in other words, namely, ：，( ) ，①It will be very hard but also very brittle－that is, it will break easily.A. easily brokenB. soft insideC. very hardD. expensive②The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 Yuan a month.A. keeper of a group of animals, esp. cattleB. a butcherC. a man who sell sheepD. a person who looks after and kills animals③The word ―adolescence‖ means the period between children and adulthood.A. 少儿期B. 幼儿期C. 青春期D. 成人期2. 留意上下文中的信息词。
⑴注意对比和转折关系。
①Although the early morning had been very cool, the noonday sun was tropical. （）②He had been getting better but during the night his condition deteriorated. （）注：表对比转折关系的词常有but, while, however, instead of , rather than , unlike, yet, though, otherwise等。
⑵依据同义词和反义词进行猜测①The football player was penalized for unnecessary roughness and the punishment was a good lesson for him. （）②He replied quickly, but after he considered the problem more carefully, he regretted having made such a hasty decision. （）③Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy, unsociable person who does not like to go to parties or make new friends. （）注：信息词常有and, but, while, however, unlike等。
⑶通过因果关系猜词①All his attempts to unlock the door were futile, because she was using the wrong key. （）②I found I was paying too much attention to the job and thus sacrificing my study time （）注：常用关联词如: because，as，since，for，so，as a result, so, so …that, such …that, thus 等表示前因后果。
⑷注意并列结构①Most women in China—the educated and illiterate, the urban and rural, the young and old—work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.②It is really causing slight anger or irritation. （）注：常有信号词有: and, but, or, than, more than, rather than, etc.⑸根据举例猜测词义①I have found Lucy is quite generous, for example, whenever she meets a beggar, she gives some coins to him. （）②Wild flowers such as orchids and primroses are becoming rare. （）注：常用的关联词有: for example, e.g, such as, such .etc3. 利用常识、自己的经验、经历及社会、科技等方面的知识猜词。
①But sometimes, no rain falls for a long, long time. Then there will be a drought. （）②The snake slithered through the grass. （）特别提醒：在推测生词的过程中不一定只用一种方法，可能会综合运用两种或几种方法，不管用什么办法都离不开对生词所处的上下文的理解。