elp批判性语言学习6.Repetition

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Key for Reference
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1. But capitalism controls our whole economy as well as our politics and social life. 2. Each country has its own customs. 3. Happy families also had their own troubles. 4. He became an oil baron（巨头，大王） -- all by himself. 5. 要提倡科学，靠科学才有希望。 6. 将右腿提放20次。再将左腿提放20次。
some... and others... (some..., others...)
Some have entered college and others have gone to the countryside. 上大学的，上大学了；下乡的，下乡了。
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Repetition (E-C) - for clarification
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Key for Reference
1. But capitalism controls our whole economy as well as our politics and social life. 但是资本主义控制我们的整个经济，控制我们的政 治，也控制我们的社会生活。
Use general words to avoid repetition
要标本兼治，重在治本。 We should seek both temporary and permanent solutions to the problems, with emphasis on the latter.
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Repetition made from the pronoun
He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others. 他讨厌失败，他一生中曾战胜失败，超越失败， 并且藐视别人的失败。
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Repetition (E-C)- for clarification
Repeat the object
Students must be cultivated to have the ability to analyze and solve problems. 必须培养学生分析问题和解决问题的能力 。
With his tardiness, carelessness and appalling (shocking) good temper, we had nothing to do with him. 他老是磨磨蹭蹭，马马虎虎，脾气又好得惊人， 我们都对他毫无办法。
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Repetition (E-C)
Use Synonym
He was proficient both as a flyer and as a navigator. 他既精于飞行，又善于导航。
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Repetition (E-C) I had been completely honest in my replies, withholding nothing. 我的回答完全是坦坦荡荡, 不藏不掖。
Repetition (C-E) – Avoid It 认真贯彻落实侨务政策，进一步做好侨务工作。 We should conscientiously implement the Party’s policy on oversea Chinese affairs and do a better job in this regard.
Repetition (E-C) – for emphasis
Repeat for emphasis
Blood must atone for blood. 血债要用血来还。
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Repetition (E-C) – for emphasis
great contributions gratitude ingratitude prosperity arrogance careless in chaos street gossip rumor 丰功伟绩 感恩戴德 忘恩负义 繁荣昌盛 骄傲自满 粗心大意 乌烟瘴气
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Repetition (C-E) – Avoid It
现在国际上有一种议论，说中国改革的步子放慢了，政 策要变。说放慢步子还有些根据，说政策要变就没有根据 了。 Lately some people abroad have been commenting that the pace of reform in China has slowed and predicting that the government is going to change its policies. There is some basis for the first assertion but none at all for the second.
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Repetition (C-E) – Avoid It
这五年，农村改革带来许多新的变化，农作物大 幅度增产，农民收入大幅度增加。 During those five years rural reform brought about many changes: grain output increased substantially, as did the peasants’ income.
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Repetition (C-E) - Retain It
岁月 time and tide 磨损 wear and tear 喜好 wants and likes 亲近 near and dear 主人 lord and master 百姓 the rank and file
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Repetition (E-C)- for clarification
Repeat the appositive Water can be decomposed by energy, a current of electricity. 水可由能量来分解，所谓能量也就是电流。
街头巷议 流言蜚语
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Repetition (C-E) – Avoid It
Combine words to avoid repetition
会议多，文章太长，讲话也太长。 We hold countless meetings, and our articles and speeches are too long.
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Repetition (C-E) – Avoid It
革命是解放生产力，改革也是解放生产力。 Revolution means the emancipation/liberation of the productive forces, and so does reform.
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Repetition (C-E) – Avoid It
为了推动中美关系的发展，中国需要进一 步了解美国，美国也需要进一步了解中国。 To promote the development of China-U.S. relations, China needs to know the United States better and vice versa.
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Repetition (C-E) – Avoid It
要提倡科学，靠科学才有希望。 We must promote science, for that is where our hope lies.
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Repetition (C-E) – Avoid It
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Repetition (C-E) – Avoid It
Use pronoun to avoid repetition
一切都要从这个实际出发，根据这个实际来制 订规划。 In everything we do we must proceed from this reality, and all planning must be consistent with it.
Repetition (E-C) - for clarification
You can do that work very well if you care to. 如果你肯做那项工作，你就能做得很好。
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Repetition (E-C) - for clarification
Translation: Repetition
Translation – Repetition
1. E-C Purpose:
1) for clarification 2) for emphasis
2. C-E 1) How to avoid it 2) How to keep it (for emphasis)
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Repetition (E-C) - for clarification
Repetition made from the pronoun.
Happy families also had their own troubles. 幸福的家庭也有幸福家庭的苦恼。
Each country has its own customs. 各国有各国的风俗。
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Repetition (E-C) – for clarification
Repeat the antecedent of a clause
He gave me a book which I kept to this day. 他曾经送给我一本书。这本书我一直保存 至今。
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Repetition (E-C)-for clarification
Repeat the verb
Light travels more quickly than sound does. 光传播的速度要比声音传播的gan
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Repetition (C-E) – Retain It
For emphasis 中国愿与东盟各国永做好邻居、好伙伴、好朋 友。 China will forever be a good neighbor, a good partner and a good friend with ASEAN (Association of South-east Asian Nations) countries.
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Repetition (E-C)- for clarification
whoever, whenever, wherever, whichever…
Whoever violates the disciplines should be criticized.
•谁犯了了纪律，谁就应该受到批评。 Come to see me whenever you are free. •你什么时间有空，就什么时间来找我。