[Sheet Music - Score - Piano] John Lennon - Imagine(1)
DigiScore 电子钢琴说明书
The magic of DigiScore.The entire family can learn, play, and enjoy the piano.Built-in music programs help you learn the basics of piano and music in an enjoyable way.A variety of lesson programs for all age groups.Onboard rhythm function and over 400 songs, including classical masterpieces, etudes, and popular songs.Compose and arrange your own songs using the 16-part recorder and its menu of editing functions.DigiScore creates charts automatically; simply play, and it writes the music! You can then save the chart as an image file for printing or electronic sharing, or convert your performance into audio format and upload it to the Internet.Lesson button provides fast access to the built-in lesson programs and music games.The piano experience redefined.Discover a new way to learn and play with DigiScore.Notation display: View up to 48 measures* of a two-line piano score at a time.*48 measures can be shown when you choose to display notes only and set the notation display size to “small.”A variety of musical symbols, including p (piano), f (forte), crescendo, and allegro are available for display.Additional notation displays, such as one hand, magnified, finger numbers, and chord display, are also supported.Displays options include graphical keyboard, metronome, chart, and/or note names.Auto Sync feature lets you play at your own pace as the digital sheet music automatically scrolls and follows.For practice, you can conveniently view the left- and right-hand parts separately.Your recorded performance is displayed as notation. Check your performance visually and print the sheet music.More fun, more practice, more improvement!The path to musical expression and enjoyment.DigiScore is an interactive and engaging system for piano learning and performance. People of all age groups and skill levels can experience the joy of playing piano at their own level and pace.Medal Collection The Medal Collection feature awards virtual gold, silver, or bronze medals based on the accuracy of your performance. DigiScoreDigiScore encourages and assists beginners with a friendly, fun approach.DoReMi Course Learn the basics of piano playing, such as the fundamentals of note reading, fingering, “thumb under” technique, and pedal basics.Can piano practice be fun? Yes!Flash CardThis helps to build reading and listeningskills by playing notes and chord whichappear as virtual flash cards on the screen.For ear training, a note or chord is soundedaudibly and the player attempts to match it.Visual LessonDigiScore removes the boredom fromdaily practice. The Visual Lesson featureanalyzes and displays your performanceFor piano studentsRH-L20Headphones Headphones Headphones USB Flash Memory M-UF2GHeadphones RH-A7-BK RH-A7-WH RH-A7-RD。
爱错 - 虫虫钢琴-钢琴曲-钢琴谱-Free Piano Sheet Music
落
40
降
OH
37
OH
爱错
原调为#C调开头 为了方便网友们认谱 所以这里改为C调开头
作曲：王力宏 编配：亮仔
Andante q = 70
p
17
从来没爱
所以爱错
我 从哪里 起
从哪里降 落
p
Andante q = 70
5
1.北风 毫不留 情 2.翻开回忆角 落
把叶子吹 落 完美的生 活
脆弱的她选择 以为幸福都可 了逃脱 以 掌握
罗兰 HPi 系列数字钢琴说明书
Become a better player while having fun!The new Roland HPi series has arrived.Roland’s award-winning pianos are renowned for their supremeSuperNA TURAL Piano sound engine and PHA I I / PHA I I I Ivory Feelkeyboards with Escapement. The new HPi-series digital pianos combinethese features with a large DigiScore display and interactive learningprogram that lets you practice efficiently while having fun.The LCD built into the music rest instantly shows notation for the onboardsongs as well as your own recorded performances.The program will evaluate your performance and even check your fingerstrength. The new HPi pianos fully realize the dreams of piano students,teachers, and performers.Practice by yourself or enjoy a one-on-one lesson.Whether you already know how to play or are an aspiring musician, theHPi series makes playing the piano a new experience. Improve whileyou’re having fun!The music appears before your eyes! DigiScore is large and easy to view.DigiScore displays digital sheet music for all of the built-in songs, as well as for recordings of your performances, on the large LCD built into its music rest. On the HPi-7F , the display can show up to 16 bars of music at a time for both hands. Play along as the bouncing ball moves rhythmically with the music, improving your sense of time in a natural way. You can also display fi nger numbers, note names, chord names, and musical symbols/notation marks, and you can switch easily between expanded displays and displays of parts for only one hand. Notation with note-name displays will be a great help for those learning to read music. You can view a graphical metronome and keyboard along with your music.15.8cm6-1/4"21.1cm8-5/16"DigiScoreWhether you’ve never played a piano before or you have played in the past, you can improve with HPi’s interactive features.These programs allow everyone from children to adults to get familiar with music in a fun and natural setting.Check the “fi nger power” in both hands Identify areas that you need to improveFirst, get to know your soundsDevelop your sense of tone while you have funFinger Training You can visually check to see whether the force of each of your fi ngers is the same while playing popular Hanon exercises.Visual LessonWhat you play appears asdigital sheet music. Youcan check, with your eyesand ears, the areas that youneed to work on.WonderlandChildren can learn the onboard sounds andsound effects using the HPi’s fun, friendlyanimation.Flash CardThis is like a game of “pick a card” where youcan develop your music-dictation skills in anatural and fun way.Play a song from top to bottom as if you were playing a game!Scroll Game Follow the piano roll on the display and play with one hand. The sense of achievement you get when you fi nish is very gratifying. Even adults will get hooked on this!Master the basics of music reading and fi ngering DoReMi Course This is a no-pressure review on music reading and fi ngering techniques. It’s recommended even if you already have piano experience.NOTATION-BASED PROGRAMSGRAPHICAL PROGRAMSI I I I I lighter. The PHA I I and PHA I I Iwhen you play more forcefully.Perfect touch and response in every keyTrue to the player’s touchSeamless note decay1 between 2. It even replicates34pp p mp mf fff Variation in tone color produced bythe SuperNATURAL Piano soundengine with heavier touch.*The graph and drawings are artistic illustrationsNatural variations in tonal qualityVariation in tone color produced by the SuperNATURAL Piano sound engine as the tone decays.*The graph and drawings are artistic illustrationsexpressivity of Roland pianos.on how strong your fiobjectives.* The HPi-7F offers 100 levels of touch sensitivity.details such as these back on the keys.This reduces the difference in touch response from the front to the rear of the keys, replicating the longer keys and superior response of a grand piano.lo r to p is oficlear, uncluttered o peratio nt panel. Frequently used co nnectio ns are lo cated at the fro nt.*The graph and drawings are artistic illustrations Natural touch Fulcrum LongKey is the optimum length (PHA II / PHA III ) Unnaturally heavyFulcrumShort Key is too shortRelationship between key length and touch weight Keyboard Finger moistureMoisture absorption Moisture absorption A comfortable texture has been achieved thanks tonew materials with moisture-absorbing characteristics.le (BMP). You can* HPi-7F onlynd a more During playback of audio files with lyrics, youthe fi les stored onles from a USBDamper pedal, right-key range Damper pedal, left-key range Same key “C”The HPi-7F’s interactive DigiScore display can show up to 16 bars of music at a time forboth hands. Improve your skill, play along with accompaniment, burn CDs, and discover unmatched enjoyment with a single instrument.Equipped with a wide-screen DigiScore display, top-grade sound and touch, this entry model lets the novice experience the joy of pro-level performance combined with fun,interactive learning.*The DigiScore display of the HPi-6F can show up to 6 bars of music at a time for both hands. 10.4" TFT color LCD SuperNA TURAL PianoPHA III Keyboard / Ivory Feel / Escapement4-speaker Sound System(16cm x 2 (with Speaker Box), 5cm x 2) Piano DesignerMetronome / 4-track Composer / 16-track Sequencer7" TFT color LCDSuperNA TURAL PianoPHA II Keyboard / Ivory Feel / Escapement Piano Designer Metronome / 4-track ComposerEquipped with a large-screen DigiScore display — experience a new world of education and entertainment DigiScore, great tone, and great touch in a compact body HPi-6F-RWRosewood fi nishHPi-7F- SBSatin black fi nishHPi-6F-SB Satin black fi nish HPi-7F-RW Rosewood fi nish CD Writing (Option) 2 x Phones Out 15.8cm 8.7cm 21.1cm15.4cm10.4"7"H S CD Drive (Option) 2 x Phones OutThe wood used to make our digital-piano cabinets is from Indonesia. In 2008, Roland designated a 100-hectare area for tree planting, where the company has been planting trees for environmental purposes. The area contains a mixture of protected forest and trees designated for digital-piano-cabinet production. This forestation project is expected to offset approximately 10,000 tons of CO2 over aperiod of 20 years.Visit us online at Roland, DigiScore, and V-Piano are either registered trademarks or trademarks ofRoland Corporation in the United States and/or other countries.All specifications and appearances are subject to change without notice.All trademarks used in this catalog are the property of their respective companies.Ensuring high quality while protecting the environment:Roland is ISO9001 and ISO14001 certifiedAt Roland, several group companies have obtained ISO9001 certification. In addition, in January 1999,Roland also received ISO14001 international environmental management system certification. We’reactively seeking ways to maintain harmony with the environment.(ISO=International Standardization Organization: an organization forthe promotion of standardization of international units and terms. Theyprovide different categories of certification: ISO9001 Series certification isa product quality certification for products that undergo a certain level ofquality control from the design stage to the after service stage; ISO14001Series certification is for environment-related standards. Each member of the Roland Group is striving to obtain certification.)ISO9001ISO14001Tree-planting project in Indonesia OptionsUSB Flash Memory M-UF2G USB CD Drive CD-01A Headphones RH-A30Headphones RH-L20Headphones RH-5 Headphones RH-300HPi-7F HPi-6FKeyboardKeyboard88 keys (PHA III Ivory Feel Keyboard with Escapement)88 keys (PHA II Ivory Feel Keyboard with Escapement)Touch SensitivityTouch: 100 levels/Fixed Touch Touch: 5 levels/Fixed Touch Hammer ResponseOff, 1–10———Keyboard ModesWhole, Dual (volume balance adjustable), Split (Split Point Adjustable), Twin Piano Sound Generator (Conforms to GM2 / GS / XG Lite)Piano SoundSuperNATURAL Piano Sound Max. Polyphony128 voices Tones337 tones (including 8 drum sets, 1 SFX set)Temperaments8 types, selectable temperament key Stretched TuningOff, Preset, User Tuning (Adjustable in Individual Notes: -50.0 –+50.0 cent)On, Off Master T uning415.3 Hz – 466.2 Hz (adjustable in Increments of 0.1 Hz)TransposeKey Transpose: -6 – +5 (in semitones), Playback Transpose (with Audio CD/Audio File): -6 – +5 (in semitones)EffectsReverb (Off, 1 – 10) [Only for Piano Tones] Open/Close Lid (0 – 6), Cabinet Resonance (Off, 1 – 10), Hammer Noise (5 levels), Damper Noise (Off, 1 – 10), Duplex Scale (Off, 1 – 10), Damper Resonance (Off, 1 – 10), String Resonance (Off, 1 – 10), Key Off Resonance (Off, 1 – 10) [Only for Organ Tones] Rotary Speaker Effect (Slow, Fast) [Vocal Effects] Harmony (3 types), Reverb (Off, 1 – 10)Reverb (Off, 1 – 10) [Only for Piano Tones] Damper Resonance (Off, 1 – 10), String Resonance (Off, 1 – 10), Key Off Resonance (Off, 1 – 10) [Only for Organ Tones] Rotary Speaker Effect (Slow, Fast)Equalizer 4-band Digital Equalizer ———Composer Tracks 4 tracks/16 tracks4 tracks Songs Recorder Section: 1 songNote Storage Approx. 30,000 notesControls Song Select, Play/Stop, Rec, Rewinding, Fast-forwarding, Beginning of the Song, End of the Song,Track Mute, Mute Volume, Tempo, Tempo Mute, All Songs Play, Count-in, Balance, Marker, Repeat,Center Cancel (Audio Data only)Song Select, Play/Stop, Rec, Rewinding, Fast-forwarding, Beginning of the Song, End of the Song, Track Mute, Mute Volume, Tempo, Tempo Mute, All Songs Play, Count-in, Balance,Center Cancel (Audio Data only)Tempo Quarter Note=10 to 500Resolution 120 ticks per quarter noteEdit Copy, Quantize, Delete, Insert, Erase, Transpose, Part Exchange, Note Edit, PC Edit, Notation Mark———Recording Method Replace, MixRealtime Audio Recording WAV 16-bit linear format———Metronome Tempo Quarter note=10 to 500Beat 2/2, 0/4, 2/4, 3/4, 4/4, 5/4, 6/4, 7/4, 3/8, 6/8, 9/8, 12/8Volume Off, 1 – 10Metronome Pattern 11 patternsSound 8 typesRhythm Control Start/Stop, Intro/Ending, Sync Start, Fill-in, Leading Bass———Internal Memory Songs Max. 200 songsSong Save Format Standard MIDI Files (Format 0)External Memory External Storage USB Flash Memory (sold separately)Songs Max. 200 songsPlayable Song Format Standard MIDI Files (Format 0/1), Roland Original Format (i-Format), Audio File (WAV 44.1 kHz/16-bit linear format), Audio CDs (CD-DA) * when using an optional USB CD drive Song Save Format Standard MIDI Files (Format 0)Internal Songs Internal Songs Over 200 songsDisplay Display TFT Color LCD 640 x 480 dots (with a Music Rest), Beat IndicatorTFT Color LCD 480 x 234 dots (with a Music Rest), Beat Indicator Score Display Grand Staff/G Clef/F Clef, Notation Mark/Pitch Name/Lyrics/Chord/Finger NumberLanguageEnglish, German, French, Spanish, Japanese Other FunctionsUser Programs40Audio PlaybackCenter Cancel, Audio Playback Speed: 75 – 125 %, Playback Transpose: -6 – +5 (in semitones)Other Panel Lock, V-LINK, Classic Position, Piano Designer, Wonderland/Game, Visual Lesson, Doremi Course, Finger Training, Scroll Game, Flash Card, Tone Demo, BMP Export CD Writing (when using an optional USB CD drive CD-01A) Other Connectors Ext. Memory connector, USB connector, Output jacks (L/Mono, R): 1/4-inch phone type, Input jacks (L/Mono, R): RCA phono type, Phones jack x 2: Stereo 1/4-inch phone type, MIDI connectors (In, Out), Mic Input jack (phone type), Analog RGB connector (HD DB-15 type), Backlight Connector, AC Inlet Ext. Memory connector, USB connector, Output jacks (L/Mono, R): 1/4-inch phone type, Input jacks (L/Mono, R): RCA phono type, Phones jack x 2: Stereo 1/4-inch phone type, MIDI connectors (In, Out), Analog RGB connector (HD DB-15 type), Backlight Connector, AC Inlet Rated Power Output60 W x 230 W x 2Volume Level (SPL)110 dB * This value was measured according to the method that is based on Roland’s technical standard.107 dB * This value was measured according to the method that is based on Roland’s technical standard.Speakers 16 cm x 2 (with Speaker Box), 5 cm x 212 cm x 2, 5 cm x 2ControlsVolume, Mic Volume Volume PedalsDamper pedal (Capable of Continuous Detection), Soft pedal (Capable of Continuous Detection, Function Assignable), Sostenuto pedal (Function Assignable)Power Consumption120 W 95 W Dimensions(including piano stand)[With Music Rest] 1,417 (W) x 529 (D) x 1,105 (H) mm / 55-13/16 (W) x 20-7/8 (D) x 43-9/16 (H) inches [Without Music Rest] 1,417 (W) x 529 (D) x 914 (H) mm / 55-13/16 (W) x 20-7/8 (D) x 36 (H) inches [With Music Rest] 1,387 (W) x 424 (D) x 1,036 (H) mm / 54-5/8 (W) x 16-3/4 (D) x 40-13/16 (H) inches [Without Music Rest] 1,387 (W) x 424 (D) x 867 (H) mm / 54-5/8 (W) x 16-3/4 (D) x 34-3/16 (H) inches Weight (Including Piano Stand)80.0 kg / 176 lbs 6 oz 58.0 kg / 127 lbs 14 oz Accessories Owner’s Manual, Power Cord, Headphone Hook, Wing nut, Music Rest, Attachment ScrewsSpecifications。
高中信息技术教师资格证编程常考知识点
高中信息技术教师资格证编程常考知识点一、知识概述《编程基础概念》①基本定义：编程简单说就是给计算机下命令，让它按照我们想要的方式工作。
就好比你教一个小机器人做事情，通过一种计算机能懂的语言告诉它先做什么，再做什么。
②重要程度：在高中信息技术教师资格证考试里可太重要了。
这是信息技术的核心技能部分，体现你是否能真正让计算机按照教育者的想法来处理教学相关事务或者辅助教学，比如制作一个简单的成绩统计系统之类的。
③前置知识：得先懂一点计算机的基本常识，像计算机的组成啊、系统的基本操作、还有数据存储这些基础概念。
要是不知道这些，编程就像在空中盖房子，没根基。
④应用价值：实际工作和教学中有超多地方能用。
就拿学校来说，可以用来管理学生的信息、自动批改作业（简单类型的）、制作教学课件的交互功能等。
二、知识体系①知识图谱：编程在高中信息技术学科里是技能应用方面的重点内容，它像是一颗大树上很茂密的树枝，和很多其他知识枝干相连。
②关联知识：和数据结构、算法逻辑以及计算机网络这些都有联系。
比如说你编一个网络通信程序，就涉及网络知识；而处理学生成绩排序呢，得用到数据结构知识。
③重难点分析：- 掌握难度：说实话对于新手有点难上手，要熟悉语法规则，还要懂得逻辑构建。
比如语法中一个标点符号不小心错了，程序就不工作，就像做菜盐放多放少都不行。
- 关键点：语法规范、逻辑思维那是绝对的关键，逻辑乱了计算机就懵了，完全不知道该干啥。
④考点分析：- 在考试中的重要性：超级重要，是拉开分数差距的部分。
- 考查方式：有选择题，问你一些编程概念；还可能让你写一小段代码填空或者解释一段代码的功能。
三、详细讲解【理论概念类】①概念辨析：- 变量：好比一个小盒子，可以用来装东西。
在编程里就是装数据的，像数字、字母等内容。
比如我们设一个变量叫“年龄”，就可以把学生的年龄数字放进去。
- 数据类型：这就是告诉计算机这个小盒子里放的是啥样的数据。
像整数（简单理解就是没有小数的数字，像1、2、3这些）、字符串（字母数字组合成的一串东西，像“小明”这个名字，在编程里就是字符串）。
翻译黄金管弦乐的说明书样本
翻译黄金管弦乐阐明书（连载）作者：断剑本文为本人依照在网上搜索来英文手册《The Complete Guide - EWQLSO》翻译得来，为非赚钱性作品，仅供广大兴趣者学习之用，请勿用于商业用途，谢谢！由于本人水平有限，翻译中难免有各种错误，但愿高人能指正。
英文原版手册我曾经发过，在这里（名字不同样内容同样）1手册有100多页，我只翻了一小某些，背面某些我会一边翻译一边发布，但愿人们关注和支持。
安装EWQLSO The EASTWEST/QUANTUM LEAP SYMPHONIC ORCHESTRA （有关帖子诸多，略过）用EWQLSO制作音乐犹如真实管弦乐队同样，EWQLSO采样文献也被分为四组：弦乐组（strings）木管组（woodwinds）铜管组（brass）打击乐组（percussion）每个组内又包具有许多乐器。
例如：弦乐组包括了小提琴、中提琴、大提琴、大提贝以及竖琴。
EWQLSO又进一步将每种乐器划分为独奏和群组两个类别。
并且在小提琴组里，群组音色又被分为“18小提琴”和“11小提琴”，以体现老式乐队中第一小提琴组和第二小提琴组声音区别。
因而，在EWQLSO中，对于乐器定义与咱们在真实世界中稍微有些不同，解释如下;当咱们用EWQLSO自带Kompakt采样器载入一种采样音色时，你将在打开菜单中看见几种不同层。
下图中显示就是白金版中加载音色时显示三个层。
让咱们先忽视中间那层最小菜单，留在后来讨论。
这层子菜单只存在于白金版中，除非你建立自己子菜单。
左边菜单在EWQLSO中称之为乐器。
在列表中，上方是全编制管弦乐队中常规五个弦乐群组，下方是三个独奏乐器（大提琴、竖琴和小提琴），以及一种额外乐器：LARGE STRING SECTION 以再现一种全体弦乐组齐奏声音。
右边菜单在EWQLSO中称之为演奏法。
这是由演奏家以尽量多演奏方式来演奏乐器所采集而成采样。
如何使用EWQLSO乐器及演奏法有诸各种办法来制作管弦乐队中大多数乐器声音。
人教版八年级英语下册unit8单元测试题(有答案)
人教版八年级英语下册unit8单元测试题(有答案)1.I have already seen the film。
I saw it last week.2.- XXX his work today。
- Not yet.3.My father has just come back from work。
He is tired now.4.So far I have made quite a few friends here.5.I have just XXX.6.Have you found your science book yet?7.I've lost my pen。
Have you seen it anywhere?8.At the end of the day。
we felt happy that the bus brought us back to our school.9.Mount Huang is one of the most beautiful XXX.10.I joined the book club last month and I have already read five books.11.There used to be ns of XXX.12.He saw the newspaper on the table this morning。
but he didn't have any time to read it yet.13.XXX has already XXX.14.Tom and Mike have already decided to learn Chinese online.15.Have you read Alice in Wonderland yet?16.Robinson has already constructed a house on the island.17.It often snows in North China during winter.18.-Where is Miss Wu。
舒曼全部作品列表(List of compositions by Robert Schumann)
List of compositions by Robert SchumannContents• 1 Piano works• 2 Vocal workso 2.1 Lieder and partsongso 2.2 Choral and dramatic works• 3 Orchestral workso 3.1 Works for solo instrument(s) with orchestra• 4 Chamber music1. Piano works•Op. 1, Variations on the name "Abegg" (1830)•Op. 2, Papillons, (1829–1831)•Op. 3, Etudes After Paganini Caprices (1832)•Op. 4, Intermezzi (1832)•Op. 5, Impromptus [on a Theme by Clara Wieck] (1833)•Op. 6, Davidsbündlertänze (1837)•Op. 7, Toccata (1832)•Op. 8, Allegro in B minor (1831)•Op. 9, Carnaval (1834–1835)•Op. 10, 6 Concert Studies on Caprices by Paganini (1833)•Op. 11, Grand Sonata No. 1 in F-sharp minor (1835)•Op. 12, Fantasiestücke ("Fantasy Pieces") (1837)•Op. 13, Études symphoniques ("Symphonic Studies") (1834)•Op. 14, Grand Sonata No. 3 in F minor, "Concerto Without Orchestra" (1835)•Op. 15, Kinderszenen ("Scenes From Childhood") (1838)•Op. 16, Kreisleriana (1838)•Op. 17, Fantasia in C (1836)•Op. 18, Arabeske in C (1839)•Op. 19, Blumenstück in D-flat ("Flower Piece") (1839)•Op. 20, Humoreske in B-flat (1839)•Op. 21, Novelletten ("Novelettes") (1838)•Op. 22, Sonata No. 2 in G minor (1833–1835)•Op. 23, Nachtstücke ("Night Pieces") (1839)•Op. 26, Faschingsschwank aus Wien ("Carnival Jest from Vienna") (1839)•Op. 28, Three Romances (1839)•Op. 32, 4 Klavierstücke (Scherzo, Gigue, Romance and Fughette) (1838–9)•Op. 56, Etuden in kanonischer Form für Orgel oder Pedalklavier ("Studies in the Form of Canons for Organ or Pedal Piano") (1845)•Op. 58, Skizzen für Orgel oder Pedalklavier ("Sketches for Organ or Pedal Piano") (1845)•Op. 60, 6 Fugues on B–A–C–H for organ or pedal piano (1845)•Op. 66, Bilder aus Osten ("Pictures from the East") (6 Impromptus for piano 4-hands) (1848)•Op. 68, Album für die Jugend ("Album for the Young") (1848)•Op. 72, Vier Fugen ("Four Fugues") (1845)•Op. 76, Vier Märsche ("Four Marches") (1849)•Op. 82, Waldszenen ("Forest Scenes") (1848–1849)•Op. 85, 12 Klavierstücke für kleine und große Kinder) ("12 Piano Pieces for Young and Older Children") (piano 4 hands) (1849)•Op. 99, Bunte Blätter (1836–1849)•Op. 109, Ball-Scenen ("Scenes from a Ball") (4 hands) (1851)•Op. 111, Three Fantasiestücke (1851)•Op. 118, Three Piano Sonatas for the Young (1853)•Op. 124, Albumblätter ("Album Leaves") (1832–1845) (includes one piece previously part of WoO 31)•Op. 126, Seven Piano Pieces in Fughetta Form (1853)•Op. 130, Kinderball ("Children's Ball") (four hands) (1853)•Op. 133, Gesänge der Frühe ("Songs of Youth") (1853)•WoO 24, Variationen in Es-dur über ein eigenes Thema "Geister-Variationen" ("Variations in E-flat on an Original Theme") (1854)•WoO 31, Etüden in Form freier Variationen über ein Beethoven'sches Thema ("Studies in the Form of Free Variations on a Theme by Beethoven") (1831–32)2. Vocal works2.1 Lieder and partsongs•Op. 24, Liederkreis (Heine), nine songs (1840)•Op. 25, Myrthen, twenty-six songs (4 books) (1840)•Op. 27, Lieder und Gesänge volume I (5 songs) (1840)•Op. 29, 3 Gedichte (1840)•Op. 30, 3 Gedichte (1840)•Op. 31, 3 Gesänge (1840)•Op. 33, 4 Lieder (part songs for men's voices with piano ad lib) (1840)•Op. 34, 4 Duets (soprano and tenor with piano) (1840)•Op. 35, 12 Gedichte (1840)•Op. 36, 6 Gedichte (1840)•Op. 37, Gedichte aus "Liebesfrühling" (12 songs, of which numbers 2, 4 and 11 are by Clara Schumann) (1840) •Op. 39, Liederkreis (Eichendorff), twelve songs (1840)•Op. 40, 5 Lieder (1840)•Op. 42, Frauenliebe und -leben (Chamisso), eight songs (1840)•Op. 43, 3 Duets (1840)•Op. 45, Romanzen & Balladen volume I (3 songs) (1840)•Op. 48, Song cycle, Dichterliebe, sixteen songs from Heine's Buch der Lieder (1840)•Op. 49, Romanzen & Balladen volume II (3 songs) (1840)•Op. 51, Lieder und Gesänge volume II (5 songs) (1842)•Op. 53, Romanzen & Balladen volume III (3 songs) (1840)•Op. 55, 5 Lieder (partsongs) (1846)•Op. 57, Belsatzar, ballad (Heine) (1840)•Op. 59, 4 Gesänge (partsongs) (1846)•Op. 62, 3 Gesänge (partsongs with piano ad lib) (1847)•Op. 64, Romanzen & Balladen volume IV (3 songs) (1841–47)•Op. 65, Ritornelle in canonischen Weisen (7 canonic part songs) (1847)•Op. 67, Romanzen & Balladen volume I (5 partsongs) (1849)•Op. 69, Romanzen volume I (6 partsongs for women's voices) (1849)•Op. 74, Spanisches Liederspiel (3 songs, 5 duets, 2 quartets) (1849)•Op. 75, Romanzen & Balladen volume II (5 partsongs) (1849)•Op. 77, Lieder und Gesänge volume III (5 songs) (1841–50)•Op. 78, 4 duets (soprano and tenor) (1849)•Op. 79, Liederalbum für die Jugend (29 songs) (1849)•Op. 83, 3 Gesänge (1850)•Op. 87, Ballad, "Der Handschuh" (Schiller) (1850)•Op. 89, 6 Gesänge (1850)•Op. 90, 6 Gedichte (1850)•Op. 91, Romanzen volume II (6 partsongs for women's voices) (1849)•Op. 95, 3 Gesänge (1849)•Op. 96, Lieder und Gesänge volume IV (1850)•Op. 101, Minnespiel (4 songs, 2 duets, 2 quartets) (1849)•Op. 103, Mädchenlieder (2 women's voices and piano) (1851)•Op. 104, 7 Lieder (1851)•Op. 106, Declamation with piano, "Schön Hedwig" (1849)•Op. 107, 6 Gesänge (1851–52)•Op. 114, 3 Lieder für 3 Frauenstimmen (1853)•Op. 117, 4 Husarenlieder (1851)•Op. 119, 3 Gedichte (1851)•Op. 122, Declamation with piano: "Ballade vom Heideknaben" and "Die Flüchlinge" (1852)•Op. 125, 5 heitere Gesänge (1851)•Op. 127, 5 Lieder und Gesänge (1850–51)•Op. 135, Gedichte der Königin Maria Stuart (1852)•Op. 137, Jagdlieder (5 partsongs for men's voices with 4 horns ad lib) [1849]•Op. 138, Spanische Liebeslieder (1849)•Op. 142, 4 Gesänge (1852)•Op. 145, Romanzen & Balladen Vol. III (5 partsongs) (1849–51)•Op. 146, Romanzen & Balladen Vol. IV (5 partsongs) (1849)2.2 Choral and dramatic works•Op. 50, Das Paradies und die Peri, oratorio (1841–43)•Op. 71, Adventlied for soprano, chorus and orchestra (1848)•Op. 81, Genoveva, opera (1848)•Op. 84, Beim Abschied zu singen for chorus & winds (1848)•Op. 93, Motet, "Verzweifle nicht im Schmerzenstal" for double chorus and organ ad lib (1849, orchestrated 1852) •Op. 98a, Songs from Wilhelm Meister•Op. 98b, Requiem for Mignon for solo voices, chorus and orchestra (1849)•Op. 108, Nachtlied for chorus and orchestra (1849)•Op. 112, Der Rose Pilgerfahrt oratorio (1851)•Op. 115, Overture and incidental music, Manfred (1848–49)•Op. 116, Der Königssohn (Uhland), for solos, chorus and orchestra (1851)•Op. 123, Festival overture on the Rheinweinlied for orchestra and chorus (1853)•Op. 139, "Des Sängers Fluch" (Uhland) for solo voice, chorus and orchestra (1852)•Op. 140, "Vom Pagen und der Königstochter" for solo voice, chorus, and orchestra (1852)•Op. 141, 4 doppelchörige gesänge (partsongs) (1849)•Op. 143, "Das Glück von Edenhall" (Uhland) for solo voice, chorus, and orchestra (1853)[1]•Op. 144, "Neujahrslied" for chorus and orchestra (1849–50)•Op. 147, Mass (1852)•Op. 148, Requiem (1852)•WoO 3, Scenes from Goethe's Faust, oratorio (1844–1853)[1]3.Orchestral works•Op. 38, Symphony No. 1 in B flat, Spring (1841)•Op. 52, Overture, Scherzo & Finale in E (1841)•Op. 61, Symphony No. 2 in C (1845–46)•Op. 97, Symphony No. 3 in E flat, Rhenish (1850)•Op. 100, Bride of Messina overture (1850–51)•Op. 120, Symphony No. 4 in D minor (1841; revised in 1851)•Op. 128, Julius Caesar overture (1851)•Op. 136, Hermann und Dorothea overture (1851)•WoO 29, Symphony in G minor ("Zwickau")(incomplete)4. Works for solo instrument(s) with orchestra•Op. 54, Piano Concerto in A minor (1841–45)•Op. 86, Konzertstück for Four Horns and Orchestra (1849)•Op. 92, Introduction and Allegro Appassionato for Piano and Orchestra (1849)•Op. 129, Cello Concerto in A minor (1850)•Op. 131, Fantasy in C for violin and orchestra (1853)•Op. 134, Introduction and Allegro for Piano and Orchestra (1853)•WoO 23, Violin Concerto in D minor (1853)[1][edit] Chamber music•Op. 41, Three string quartets in A minor, F and A (1842)•Op. 44, Piano quintet in E flat (1842)•Op. 46, Andante and variations for two pianos (1843) (there is an original version for two pianos, 2 cellos and horn) •Op. 47, Piano quartet in E flat (1842)•Op. 63, Piano Trio No. 1 in D minor (1847)•Op. 70, Adagio and Allegro for Horn and Piano (1849)•Op. 73, Fantasy Pieces for Clarinet and Piano (1849)•Op. 80, Piano Trio No. 2 in F (1847)•Op. 88, Fantasiestücke for piano trio (1842)•Op. 94, Three Romances for oboe and piano (1849)•Op. 102, Five Stücke im Volkston for piano and cello (1849)•Op. 105, Violin Sonata No. 1 in A minor (1851)•Op. 110, Piano Trio No. 3 in G minor (1851)•Op. 113, Märchenbilder for piano and viola (1851)•Op. 121, Violin Sonata No. 2 in D minor (1851)•Op. 132, Märchenerzählungen, four pieces for clarinet, viola and pianoforte (probably 1853)•WoO 32, Piano quartet in C minor (1829)[1]•WoO 27, Violin Sonata No. 3 in A minor (1853)。
高考英语一轮复习-Module-3-Music市赛课公开课一等奖省名师优质课获奖课件
答案： 1.with; on; impression; under 2.up 3.make; down 4．kinds; nothing 5.to; as 6.well 7.of; all; times; ahead 8．go; go 9.download; from 10.cut
13/60
21/60
意为“失踪的，行踪不明的”，因此形容人失踪时 应用 missing。修饰物时，意为“缺少的，不在的”。 missing 如： There is a page missing from this book. 这本书缺失了一页。 意为“(人)离开了，(物品等)用光了，没了”，还可 以指“一去不复返的”等。如： gone He is gone.他走了。 All his money is gone. 他的钱用光了。
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单句写作 (1)I had tried my best to stop that wrong doing，but my advice had no ________ on his actions. 我尽最大努力去阻止错误发生，但是我的建议对他的行为没 有什么影响。 (2)Watching TV for a long time ____________________ the students. 长时间看电视对学生有不好的影响。 答案：(1)influence/effect (2)has a bad influence/effect on
一 重点单词 1.________(n.)听众 2．________(n.)天分；天赋；才华 3．________(adj.)复杂的 4．________(adj.)古典的；古典派的(n.)古典音乐→________(n.)
古典主义→________(n.)古典主义者
人教版八年级下册英语第八单元测试题附答案
人教版八年级下册英语第八单元测试题附答案 Revised by BETTY on December 25,2020人教版八年级下册英语第八单元测试题附答案听力部分（25分）Ⅰ.听句子，选择最佳答语。
(5分)( )1.( )，I did. B．No，I haven't. C．It's great!( ) music is my favorite. B．I like listening to music. C．Music can help me relax.( ) read it in the library. B．I have read it before. C．It's interesting.( )，I will. B．No，I don't like it.C．Yes，it's The Eagles.Ⅱ.听短对话及问题，选择正确答案。
(5分)( ) Sawyer. B．Harry Potter. C．Robinson Crusoe.( ) B．English. C．German.( )：15. B．8：00. C．7：45.( ) he had a bad cold and had to see the doctor.B．Because he felt cold and went to buy a coat.C．Because he had to go to see his sister.( ) school. B．In the hotel. C．At home.Ⅲ.听长对话，选择正确答案。
(5分)听第一段对话，回答第11－12小题。
( ) is coming?A．National Day. B．The teacher's birthday. C．Teachers' Day. ( ) will they buy?A．Some flowers. B．A new CD. C．A bag.听第二段对话，回答第13－15小题。
2019新人教版高中英语必修二Unit5词汇表
Book 2 Unit 51.classical / ˈklæsɪkl / adj. 古典的；经典的This classical poem is hard to understand.这首古诗很费解。
classical music 古典音乐a classic movie/work经典影片/ 作品a classic example/mistake 典型的例子/ 错误2.hip-hop n. 嘻哈音乐；嘻哈文化hip-hop music嘻哈音乐3.techno / ˈteknəʊ / n. 泰克诺音乐（一种节奏快、通常无歌声相伴的音乐）4.energy /ˈenədʒɪ / n. 能量；能源；精力I like to listen to it when I exercise. It gives me energy.我喜欢在运动时听。
它给我能量。
（P51）It's a waste of time and energy. 那是浪费时间和精力。
You were all so full of energy and thirsty for knowledge.你们所有人都充满了活力和对知识的渴望。
We should devote our energy to the career. 我们应该致力于这项事业。
In the future outer space might provide us with new energy sources.未来外太空也许能为我们提供新能源。
solar/nuclear energy太阳能；核能an energy crisis 能源危机【拓展】（1）energetic /ˌenəˈdʒetɪk/ adj.充满活力的；精力充沛的；积极的He is hardworking and energetic. 他工作努力，精力充沛。
He seemed an energetic leader. 他似乎是精力充沛的领导。
电子音乐概论
电子音乐概论Qy ppt照片手打版，错字请见谅，红字为照片模糊不可分辨内容。
谁记得谁补充补充吧。
呜呜呜。
一新声音：新音源，声音的处理声学音源：电子放大采样声音来源：调制声音处理手段：delay，echo，……新的表现方式：磁带音乐，交互式现场演出，多媒体，声音装置。
电子音乐（electronic music），是通过电子设备和电子手段生成或处理加工的音乐。
主要涉及严肃（先锋）电子音乐。
Eg：aube，中岛昭文karkowski……历史进程：20世纪20年代，电子机械设备的快速发展1948，具象音乐的诞生以及电子音乐工作室的建立1952：电子原音音乐的创作。
20世纪50，60年代：现代合成器的产生与快速发展20世纪60年代：实时电子音乐的诞生。
始于20世纪50年代发展至今的计算机电子音乐。
始于20世纪80年代发展至今的midi控制的电子音乐。
二振荡器：一个电子设备——产生一个周期性的精确频率的信号，通常是一个正弦波，有的时候是一个方波或其他波形。
振荡器通常是在音频设备中，或广泛的作为测试信号发生器使用。
Eg：正弦波/锯齿波/三角波/方波。
StockhausenStockhausen1953年开始在NWDR工作，第一个作品是为正弦波而作的studie 1。
他作了一个非常重要的决定，那就是：不采用任何的电子乐器，而只用一个从频率发生器中产生的纯正弦波（不带泛音）。
他在磁带上录制了单独的正弦波，用了两个磁带录音机将他们在一个时间内同时回放，然后将他们录制在一个第三方磁带录音机上，依此类推。
接着，他剪切和黏贴这些磁带，制造出很多的磁带复调结构的拼贴，他也依靠一些自然室内回响来在作品中产生回响。
锯齿波含有所有的谐波，而其谐波强度与其谐波次数成反比，如果基频声音的强度为a，第二谐波的强度则为a/2，第三谐波则为a/3，依此类推。
方波则仅有锯齿波内的奇数谐波部分。
三角波也只有奇数谐波，其强度则与其次数平方成反比，如果基频声音的强度为a，第三谐波仅有a/9，第五谐波则是a/25，依此类推。
MuseScore 6.3.2 中文使用手册
使用手册Downloaded from on Jun 14 2021 Released under Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike181818181818191919191922222424242424242425252525252526262626262627272727272727272828282828282929292929303031313132323232333333333434343434343434入门学习使用MUSESCORE导览新手入门乐谱视频教程其他教程视频获得帮助安装说明安装说明首选项在WINDOWS 上安装安装启动MuseScore高级用户：静默/无人安装卸载解决问题外部链接在MACOS 上安装安装卸载在Apple 远程桌面安装外链在LINUX 上安装AppImage第一步 - 下载第二步 - 赋予安装权限第三步 - 运行它！安装AppImage （可选）使用命令行运行来使用参数发行包Fedora额外参考在CHROMEBOOK 上安装桌面程序Android 应用 （仅限播放谱表）外链语言、翻译和扩展更改语言资源与翻译中心安装/卸载扩展更新翻译参阅外链检查更新检查自动升级检查升级参阅基础新建乐谱启动中心新建乐谱输入乐谱信息选择模版文件选择乐器（分谱）添加乐器添加谱表/关联谱表更改乐器顺序删除乐器选择调号与速度选择拍号、弱起小节以及小节数创建乐谱后的调整增/删/调整小节添加/编辑文本更换乐器设置隐藏谱表调整排版与版式模版谱表组模版文件夹用户模版文件夹参阅外链3435353535353535353536363636363637373737373838383838383939393939394040404040404040414141414142424242424242424242434343434343434444444444444444444545454545454545454545音符输入基础音符输入第一步：选位置第二步：选模式第三步：选时值第四步：输入音符/休止符选择音符/休止符时值其他时值输入设备计算机键盘输入音符/休止符移高/移低音符添加临时记号和弦插入音符删除音符快捷键鼠标MIDI 键盘虚拟钢琴键盘音符输入模式音符超出乐器音域时的颜色小音符/小符头更改已经输入的音符或休止符更改时值修改音高修改声部休止符和音符之间的相互修改音符属性参阅外链工作区To switch between workspaces Docking/undockingCreate a custom workspace 编辑工作区参阅符号面板Single Palette Mode Open/close paletteApply symbols from a palette Custom palettes Palette menuBehavior of applied text and lines See also编辑模式进入编辑模式MuseScore 3.4以上版本MuseScore 3.4以下版本退出编辑元素文本线性记号音符偏移音符调整符干长度键盘快捷键另请参阅检视器显示检视器检视器的功能"Reset to style default" and "Set to style" buttons Inspector categories元素元素组Segment 和弦音符选择符杠谱号奏法记号品格图线性记号Text Line Core属性窗口参阅小节操作选择单个小节一个区域的小节插入向乐谱中插入一个空小节插入多个小节454546464646464646464747474747474747474747474848484848484849494949494949495050505050505050505151515151515252525252525353535353535353535354545454545454545454555555555555555555追加向谱表末尾追加一个空小节Append multiple measures to the end of a score 删除删除单个小节删除一个区段的小节属性谱表小节长度其他Exclude from measure count 断开多小节休止符小节号显示模式小节拉伸Add to measure number 反复次数Numbering Split and joinJoin measures Split a measure外链声部How voices are displayed When to use voicesHow to enter notes in different voices Deleting and hiding restsRestoring deleted restsExchange voices of notesMove notes to another voice (without swapping)See alsoExternal links 复制粘贴命令一览音符复制或剪切粘贴与剪贴板内容交换Copy pitch of a single note only Other elements 复制或剪切Paste快速重复副本化滤选器参阅外链撤销与重做VIEWING AND NAVIGATIONView menuShow sidebars/panels Zoom in/out ToolbarsShow/hide toolbars Customize toolbar areaWorkspaces Show Status bar Split display Visibility optionsMark irregular measures Full screen Page/Continuous ViewPage ViewContinuous View Single Page ViewSide panels NavigationCommands Navigator Timeline Find / Go toSee also SELECTION MODESSelect a single objectSelect a single note Select a chordSelect a single measureSelect an overlapping elementSelect a continuous range of objects1. Shift + click selectionSelect chord symbols, lyrics etc. (as of version 3.5)Select a range of measures2. Shift selection3. Drag selection4. Select All5. Select section6. Selection Filter Select a list of objects555656565656575757575858585959595959596060606060606060616161616161616161626262626363636364646464646464646565656565656565656666666767676767676767Modify an existing selection (as of version 3.5)Select all similarWhat selections are useful for See also 标准音高参阅外部链接SHARE SCORES ONLINECreate an accountShare a score directly from MuseScore Upload a score on Edit a score on Switch to the direct method of updating an online scoreExternal links OPEN/SAVE/EXPORT/PRINTOpen Save Export Print See also乐谱记号小节线更改小节线类型插入小节线分割小节自定义小节线连接不同谱表的小节线另请参阅调号添加新调号向所有谱表添加新调号向单个谱表添加调号替换已有调号替换所有谱表的调号替换单个谱表的调号移除调号调号变更时的还原号调号变更与多小节休止符提示性调号创建自定调号谱号添加谱号Add clef to beginning of measure Add mid-measure clefCourtesy clefs Remove a clef Hide clefsDisplay clef only in the first measure (for all staves)Display clef only in the first measure (for a particular staff)在特定谱表隐藏所有谱号临时记号添加临时记号更改等音替换重替换音高另请参阅外部链接拍号添加/移除拍号Delete a time signature Create a time signature Time signature properties更改初始节拍Additive (composite) meters Local time signaturesResize time signaturePickup measures and cadenzas Time signature changes and breaks See alsoExternal links 奏法记号及装饰音奏法记号装饰音67686868686868686868686969696969697070707070707071717171717172727272727272737373737373737373737474747474747474747475757575757575757575767676767677Add articulation/ornament往添加装饰音中添加临时记号Add fermata to a barline 快捷键调整位置奏法记号及装饰音属性参见外链BENDSApply a bend Edit bendText and line properties Bend shape and widthEdit graphical displayAdjust height Adjust position Custom bends External links 琶音与滑音ArpeggiosGlissandi (slides)Adjust start and end points Custom glissandiWind instrument articulations Slide in/out External links 符杠符杠标志Change note beaming Adjust beam angle Adjust beam height 放平符杠Adjust feathered beams 局部输出调整翻转符杠重设符杠模式参阅外链连谱号添加删除更改编辑样式倚音创建倚音更改音高更改时值手动调节外链维基百科呼吸与停顿添加符号Adjust pause length八度记号应用八度记号更改长度自定义线条部分外部链接MEASURE RESTSFull measure restTo create one or more full measure restsTo create a full measure rest in a particular voiceMultimeasure restTo display multimeasure rests Break multimeasure restHAIRPINSAdd a hairpinAdjust length and height Cresc. and dim. lines Copy hairpinsEdit hairpin properties Playback of hairpins77777777777777787878787878787878797979797979797980808081818181818181818181828282828283838383838383848484848484858585858585868686868686868787878787878787线性记号向乐谱添加线性记号仅给单个音符添加线性记号To apply a line across a range of notesTo apply a line from a note to the end of that measure To apply a line across a range of measures线性记号与播放属性调整垂直位置更改长度文本线性记号自定义线性记号复制线性记号Extended ornament lines 外链延音线向音符添加连音线向和弦添加延音线翻转延音线另请参阅外部链接连句线Add slur in note-input mode Add slur in Normal modeMethod 1Method 2Adjust slur Extended slurs Dotted slurs See also 震音添加震音单震音交替震音外链REPEATS AND JUMPSSimple repeats1st and 2nd endings PlaybackTurn repeat playback on/off Adjust repeat section playbackRepeat symbols and text Jumps MarkersExamples of jumps See alsoExternal links 变奏结尾往乐谱中添加变奏结尾To change the number of measures that a volta covers 变奏结尾属性回放效果外链连音创建连音普通模式创建三连音在音符输入模式下输入三连音创建其他连音自定连音删除连音更改连音外观使用查看器使用连音样式的对话框外链TRANSPOSITIONManual transposition Automatic transpositionTranspose ChromaticallyTo Key By IntervalTranspose Diatonically Options Transposing instrumentsConcert pitchChange staff transpositionExternal links 指法谱88888888888889898989898989909090909090909091919191919191919192929292929393939494949494949595959595969696969696969697979797979797979797979798989898989999100100100101102102新建指法谱使用新乐谱向导使用“乐器”对话框通过更换谱表类型编辑弦数据更改调率Add a string Delete a stringMark unfretted string "open"Change number of instrument frets更改指法谱显示Combine pitched staff with tablatureCreate a new staff/tablature pair with the New Score Wizard Create a new staff/tablature pair in an existing score Create a staff/tablature pair from an existing staffEnter notes in tablatureUsing a computer keyboardHistorical tablatureUsing a mouseSelect note duration Edit notesIn Note input mode 普通模式下X 型符头键盘快捷键一览音符输入模式普通模式外部链接DRUM NOTATIONPercussion staff types Note input methodsMIDI keyboard Piano keyboard Computer keyboard MouseDrum input palette Edit Drumset StickingAdd drum roll External links 声音播放中途更换乐器更换乐器的效果添加更换乐器参见外部链接MIXEROpening the Mixer Track AreaMaster GainChannel display arrow Mute and Solo Pan Volume Track nameDetails AreaName Channel DrumsetSound (formerly Patch)Volume PanTrack colorMIDI controlsPort and Channel Reverb / Chorus Mute VoiceHide Details ButtonMid-staff sound change (pizz., con sordino, etc.)See alsoExternal links 钢琴卷帘编辑器打开钢琴卷帘编辑器概述导航选中音符编辑音符控制首行次行键盘Customization102102102102102102102102103103103103103103103104104104104105105105105105105105106106106106106106107107107107107108108108108108108109109109109109109109109109109110110110110110110111111111111111111111111111112112112112112112113113SWING 摇摆节拍将Swing 摇摆节拍应用到乐段速度记号中的三连音恢复平常节奏全局应用Swing 摇摆节拍外链合成器概述保存/加载合成器设置Fluid装载音色To reorder the soundfonts To remove a soundfontZerberus Volume EffectsZita 1 混响SC4 compressor调律参阅PLAYBACK: CHORD SYMBOLS / NASHVILLE NUMBERSTurn playback on/offFor all scores (as of version 3.5.1)For the current scoreAs of version 3.5.1As of version 3.5Change playback soundChange playback volume / Mute track Turn symbol sound on/off when editing Interpretation and voicing of chord symbols PLAY MODEPlayback toolbar Playback commandsStart/stop playback During playback Loop playbackPlay panel 速度记号添加速度记号编辑速度Edit tempo textOverriding the tempo markingRitardando and accelerando playback Fermatas See also音色与SFZ 文件音色加载一个音色卸载SFZ装载SFZ 卸载合成器可下载的音色列表GM 音色管弦乐团音色钢琴音色SF2钢琴音色SFZ 钢琴音色解压下载的音色疑难杂症参阅外链DYNAMICSAdd a dynamic Adjust propertiesTo edit the velocity of a dynamic To adjust the rangeTo change the placement (above or below stave)Customize a dynamicSingle Note Dynamics (SND)External links 变调夹播放文本基础文本添加文本113113113113113114114114115115115115116116116116116116116116116116117117117117117117117117118118118118118118119119119119119119120120120120120120120120120120121121121121122122122122122122122122123123123123123123123123123123123123文本样式调整文本位置文本连结编辑文本进入/退出文本编辑模式快捷键符号与特殊字符特殊字符快捷键参阅文本样式与属性文本样式Text objectsSave and load text styles See also谱表/谱表组文字谱表文字谱表文字属性谱表组文字谱表组文字属性参见外部链接CHORD SYMBOLSEnter a chord symbolKeyboard commands Chord symbol syntax Edit a chord symbolTranspose chord symbols Chord symbol text Chord symbol styleAppearance Note spellingAutomatic CapitalizationPositioning Capo Nashville Number System Roman Numeral AnalysisEnter RNAExamples of RNAPlayback (as of version 3.5)External Links FINGERINGAdd fingering to a single note Add fingering to several notesEasy fingering input mode (version 3.1 and above)Adjust position of fingeringSingle fingering Multiple fingeringEdit fingering text 歌词进入词行首行Subsequent lines Special characters Verse numbers MelismaElision (Lyric) slur / SynalephaEdit Lyrics调整歌词相关属性调整单独词行的位置Copy lyrics to clipboard 将歌词复制到剪贴板参阅外链排练记号添加排练记号手动添加自动添加添加字母和数字格式的排练记号添加小节号格式的排练记号自动调整排练记号的顺序文字样式查找排练记号参见外部链接格式版面与格式123124124124125125125125126126126126126126126127127127127127127127127128128128128128128128128129129129129129129129129130130130130130130130131131131131131132132132132132132132133133133133133133133133133134134134134134134134135135135135135135135135136136136136136136Ways to affect layout 样式乐谱页面SizesHeader, Footer 小节号谱表组谱号临时记号小节小节线音符符杠连音琶音Slurs/Ties Hairpins Volta 八度记号踏板记号颤音揉颤音弯音Text LineArticulations, Ornaments Fermatas Staff Text Tempo Text Lyrics DynamicsRehearsal Marks Figured Bass Chord SymbolsFretboard Diagrams Text StylesOK / Cancel / Apply buttonsPage Settings...Add / Remove System breaks StretchIncrease / Decrease layout stretch Reset stretchReset Style Reset BeamsReset Shapes and Positions Load / Save style See alsoExternal links MEASUREIntroduction OptionsPAGE SETTINGSPage sizeOdd/Even Page Margins Scaling UnitFirst page number Apply to all PartsBREAKS AND SPACERSBreaksAdd a break to a measureUsing a keyboard shortcut Using a palette break symbolAdd a break to a frame Delete breaks Move a break Section break SpacersAdd a spacer Adjust a spacer Delete a spacerSee also FRAMESHorizontal frameInsert/append horizontal frame Adjust width of horizontal frameAdd text or image to horizontal frameVertical frameInsert/append vertical frame Adjust height of vertical frame Edit vertical frame propertiesAdd text or image to vertical frameInsert horizontal frame in vertical frame "Title" frameText frameInsert/ append text frame Edit text frame propertiesCreate a frame136136136136137137137137137137137137137137138138138138138138138139140140140140140140140140141141141141141141141142142142143143143144144144145145145145145145145145145146146146146147147147147148148149149149150150Insert a frame into the score Append a frame to the score Delete a frame Apply a break See alsoExternal links 图像添加图片剪切/复制并粘贴图像修改图像参阅外链IMAGE CAPTURESave a snapshot Image capture menu See alsoExternal linksALIGN ELEMENTSSnap to grid进阶MIDI IMPORTAvailable operationsALBUMSCreate album Load album Print album Join scores Save album乐谱对比器介绍选取乐谱选择视图查看对比结果离开对比器示例乐谱属性编辑元标签Pre-existing meta tagsEntering Work / Movement / Part metadata页眉/页脚参阅分谱创建所有分谱创建特定分谱自定义分谱向分谱添加乐器从分谱移除乐器为乐器选择谱表为乐器选择声部删除一个分谱输出分谱保存分谱打印一个分谱FRETBOARD DIAGRAMSFretboard Diagrams overviewOverview of the standard guitar chord palette Overview of creating modified or custom chords To add a Fretboard DiagramChord Symbols linked to Fretboard Diagrams Use of Chord Symbols with Fretboard DiagramsTo adjust a Fretboard Diagram's element properties (position, color, stacking order...)To adjust global/default Fretboard Diagram style properties To edit a Fretboard DiagramEditing Fretboard Diagram properties Finger dot editing (basic use)Finger dot editing (advanced use)External links FRETBOARD DIAGRAMS (PRIOR TO VERSION 3.1)Add a fretboard diagram Edit a fretboard diagram150150150152152152152152152153153153153153153154154154154154154154154154154155155155155155155155155155155156156156156156156156157157157157157157157157157157157158158159159159160160160160160160161161161161162162163163163163163163164164164164To adjust a diagram's element properties To adjust a diagram's style properties 图层（试验性功能）另见TOOLSTranspose Explode ImplodeApply implode to a single staff Apply implode to multiple stavesVoices MeasureRemove selected range Fill with slashesToggle rhythmic slash notation Respell pitches Regroup RhythmsResequence rehearsal marksUnroll Repeats (version 3.1 and above)Copy lyrics to clipboard Image captureRemove empty trailing measures See alsoExternal links RECOVERED FILESSaving after session recovery Finding recovered files See alsoExternal links插件插件是什么？安装Windows macOS Linux启用/禁用插件创建/编辑/运行插件预装插件ABC ImportNotes → Color Notes Create Score helloQmlNotes → Note Names Panelrandom/random2runscorelist ScoreView Walk另见外部链接PREFERENCESGeneral Canvas Note inputNote InputMIDI Remote ControlScoreDefault Files ViewI/OPortAudio (API / Device)MIDI Input/Output/Output Latency Jack Audio Server Audio EngineImport Export Shortcuts Update Advanced See also 数字低音添加新的数字低音提示{#adding-a-new-figured-bass-indication}Text formatDigitsAccidentalsCombined shapes ParenthesesContinuation lines Duration165165166166166166167167167167167167167167168168168168168168168168168168168168168168169169169169169169169170170170170170170170170170170171171171171171171171171171171171171171171171171171172172172172172172172172172173173174174174174174174176176176Editing existing figured basses StyleProper syntax Summary of keys FILE FORMATSMuseScore native formatMuseScore format (*.mscz)Uncompressed MuseScore format (*.mscx)MuseScore backup file (.*.mscz,) or (.*.mscx,)Graphic files (export only)PDF (*.pdf)PNG (*.png)SVG (*.svg)Audio files (export only)WAV audio (*.wav)MP3 (*.mp3)FLAC audio (*.flac)Ogg Vorbis (*.ogg)Share with other music softwareMusicXML (*.musicxml, *.xml)Compressed MusicXML (*.mxl)MIDI (*.mid, *.midi, *.kar)MuseData (*.md) (import only)Capella (*.cap, *.capx) (import only)Bagpipe Music Writer (*.bww) (import only)BB (*.mgu, *.sgu) (import only)Overture (*.ove) (import only)Guitar Pro (various—import only)Power Tab Editor (*.ptb) (import only)See alsoExternal links 早期音乐特色功能Unbarred (or unmetered) notationExampleMensurstrich AmbitusMensural time signatures See also 时间轴介绍概览源数据标签乐器标签Meta rows Main grid Meta 基本作用选择一个小节选择多个小节Drag selection [Shift] selection [Ctrl] selectionClearing selection Meta values selection 滚动标准滚动[Shift]滚动[Alt] 滚动拖拽Labels interaction Rearranging meta labels Collapsing the meta labels Hiding instrumentsZoomingContext menusMeta labels context menu Meta rows context menu Instrument context menuSTAFF TYPE CHANGEAdd a Staff Type Change Staff type change properties Example符号总面板符号寻找符号应用符号Connect symbols参阅NOTEHEAD SCHEMES 符头符头组更换符头组176176176177177177177177177178178178178178180180180180180180181181182182182182182182182182182183183184184184184184184184184185185185185185186186186186186186186186186187187187187187187188188188188188188188188188Change notehead type Shared noteheadsChange offset noteheads to shared Examples of notehead sharing Remove duplicate fret marksExternal links 自动布局初始位置手动调整取消自动布局堆叠次序谱表/声部属性谱表类型谱表/声部属性: 适用于所有谱表谱表 / 分谱属性（仅拨弦乐器）高级样式属性模版标准谱表与打击乐谱选项指法谱选项指法谱选项：品格号指法谱选项：音符时值预览更改乐器外链跨谱表音符参阅外链辅助功能介绍Initial setupFinding your way around The score window Score readingMoving forwards or backwards in timeMoving between notes at a given point in time Filtering score readingScore playback Score editing Customization External links 音符输入模式Step-time Re-pitch RhythmReal-time (automatic)Real-time (manual)Real-time Advance shortcutInsertNormal mode See alsoExternal links 支持帮忙改进翻译软件翻译网页与使用手册翻译参阅恢复出厂设置通过顶部菜单通过命令行Windows 指令MacOS 指令Linux 指令参阅漏洞反馈及功能请求漏洞反馈功能请求外链附录键盘快捷键导航功能189189189189189189189190190190190190190190190191193194194194194194194194194195195195195195195195195196196197197198198198198199199200200200200200200200200200201201201201201201201201202202202202202202203203203203203203203203203203203203203203音符输入时值声部音高音程排版奏法记号文本输入歌词输入显示杂项另请参阅命令行参数主 语对 照 表解 释批处理转换作业JSON 格式环 境文 件范 例使用命令行将乐谱转换为PDF 运行转换多个文档的批处理作业MIDI 导入操作诊 断另 见标 准历 史作 者CAVEATS 漏 洞NEW FEATURES IN MUSESCORE 3.6New score setup and layout featuresAutomatic instrument ordering Automatic brackets and braces Vertical justification of staves Indentation of first systemsApplying new features to existing scoresApplying new automatic instrument ordering and bracketing Applying vertical justification of stavesOther engraving changes in 3.6Beam spacing Ledger line lengthStem caps and flag positions Bracketed accidentalsAccidentals in EmmentalerNEW FEATURES IN MUSESCORE 3Automatic PlacementDefault positionManual adjustmentsDisabling automatic placement Stacking orderText FormattingText Styles Text Properties Custom FormattingStaff Type ChangeTemporary and Cutaway Staves System Dividers Staff Spacing Don't BreakParts from Voices Explode and Implode Insert modeSplit/Join Measures TimelineScore Comparison Tool MixerPiano Roll Editor Capo changesFretboard Diagrams External links KNOWN LIMITATIONS OF MUSESCORE 3.XLocal time signatures Regroup RhythmsTablature staff linked with standard staff MixerHeader & footerUPGRADE FROM MUSESCORE 1.X OR 2.XHow to upgrade MuseScoreOpening 1.x or 2.x scores in MuseScore 3204204204204204204204204205205205206206206206206206207207207207207207207207207208208208208209209209RelayoutGetting the sound from MuseScore 1.x KNOWN INCOMPATIBILITIESHardware incompatibilities Software incompatibilitiesAVG Internet Security hangs MuseScore Font problem on macOS Font problem on LinuxSave As dialog empty on Linux术语表A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U VExternal links此手册只适用于。
小学教师数据处理题目集及解答
小学教师数据处理题目集及解答题目1：学生的平均年龄题目描述：你是一名小学教师，需要计算你所教授的所有学生的平均年龄。
你手头有一份学生名单，上面记录了每个学生的年龄。
请编写一个程序，计算并输出学生的平均年龄。
输入：- 一个整数数组 `ages`，其中 `ages[i]` 表示第 `i` 个学生的年龄。
输出：- 一个浮点数，表示所有学生的平均年龄。
结果保留两位小数。
示例：输入：ages = [10, 12, 13, 14]输出：12.50解答：def calculate_average_age(ages):total_age = sum(ages)num_students = len(ages)average_age = total_age / num_students return round(average_age, 2)示例输入ages = [10, 12, 13, 14]计算并输出平均年龄average_age = calculate_average_age(ages) print(f"学生的平均年龄为：{average_age}")题目2：最高和最低分题目描述：你负责记录学生们的考试成绩，现在需要找出最高分和最低分。
请编写一个程序，读取学生的分数，并输出最高分和最低分。
输入：- 一个整数数组 `scores`，其中 `scores[i]` 表示第 `i` 个学生的分数。
输出：- 一个包含两个元素的数组，第一个元素是最高分，第二个元素是最低分。
示例：输入：scores = [85, 92, 78, 74, 88]输出：[92, 74]解答：def find_highest_and_lowest_scores(scores):highest_score = max(scores)lowest_score = min(scores)return [highest_score, lowest_score]示例输入scores = [85, 92, 78, 74, 88]找出最高分和最低分highest_and_lowest_scores =find_highest_and_lowest_scores(scores)print(f"最高分和最低分分别为：{highest_and_lowest_scores}") 题目3：学生成绩等级划分题目描述：根据学校的评分标准，学生的分数可以被划分为不同的等级。
好运十倍编码技巧 -回复
好运十倍编码技巧-回复细致入微的编码技巧是编程过程中至关重要的一部分。
好运十倍编码技巧是指通过一系列措施来提高代码的可读性、可维护性、可扩展性和性能等方面的优势。
本文将详细介绍这些技巧，并为每个主题提供了实际示例，以帮助读者更好地理解和应用这些技巧。
一、命名规范良好的命名规范是编写易于阅读和理解的代码的基础。
以下是一些命名规范的指导原则：1. 使用有意义的名称：变量名、函数名和类名等应使用能够准确描述其用途的名称，避免使用缩写和单个字母作为名称。
2. 使用驼峰命名法：使用小写字母作为首字母，后续的每个单词首字母大写。
3. 避免使用特殊字符：命名中不应使用空格、下划线或其他特殊字符。
4. 使用一致的命名风格：在整个代码库中使用一致的命名风格，以提高代码的可读性。
举例：考虑以下代码段，展示了如何应用命名规范。
pythondef calculate_average_score(scores_list):total_score = sum(scores_list)average_score = total_score / len(scores_list)return average_score二、注释规范注释是代码中用来解释和描述代码功能的重要工具。
以下是一些注释规范的指导原则：1. 使用自然语言描述：注释应以易于理解的自然语言方式描述代码的功能和目的，避免使用专业术语和难以理解的缩略语。
2. 编写简洁明了的注释：注释应该简短明了，不过度冗长，避免在注释中重复代码的功能。
3. 注释应与代码保持同步：注释应随着代码的变化而更新，以确保注释与实际代码的功能保持一致。
4. 使用代码片段注释功能：对于复杂的代码段，可以使用代码片段注释功能，将一段代码的功能和实现过程进行详细描述。
举例：以下是一个示例代码段及其注释的示例。
python# Calculate the average score of a list of scoresdef calculate_average_score(scores_list):# Calculate the total score by summing up all the scorestotal_score = sum(scores_list)# Calculate the average score by dividing the total score by the number of scoresaverage_score = total_score / len(scores_list)# Return the average scorereturn average_score三、模块化设计模块化设计是将大型代码库划分为小模块以提高代码的可维护性和可复用性的过程。
如何学好简谱呢英语
如何学好简谱呢英语1. Understand the BasicsBefore diving into learning sheet music, it's important to understand the basics. Sheet music is comprised of five lines and four spaces, called a staff. Each line and space represents a different note. The notes are placed on the staff based on their pitch - higher notes are placed higher on the staff, while lower notes are placed lower.In addition to notes, sheet music also includes other symbols such as rhythms, dynamics, and articulations. Understanding these symbols is crucial for interpreting the music accurately.2. Learn the Note NamesOne of the first things you should do when learning sheet music is to memorize the names of the notes. In Western music, there are seven natural notes: A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. These notes repeat in a cycle, with each subsequent note being higher in pitch.To help you memorize the note names, you can use mnemonic devices such as "Every Good Boy Does Fine" for the notes on the lines of the treble clef, and "FACE" for the notes in the spaces. For the bass clef, you can use phrases like "Good Boys Do Fine Always" for the lines and "All Cows Eat Grass" for the spaces.3. Practice Sight-ReadingSight-reading is the ability to read and play music at first sight. This skill is essential for musicians who want to be able to play new pieces quickly. To improve your sight-reading skills, try practicing with simple pieces at first and gradually increase the difficulty as you become more comfortable.There are many resources available online for sight-reading practice, including websites and apps that provide exercises and pieces for you to practice with. Additionally, you can use flashcards to quiz yourself on note names and practice reading rhythms.4. Break It DownWhen learning a new piece of sheet music, it can be helpful to break it down into smaller sections. Start by identifying the key signature, time signature, and any other markings on the music. Then, practice each section individually before putting it all together.By breaking down the music into smaller chunks, you can focus on mastering each section before moving on to the next. This can help prevent you from feeling overwhelmed and make learning the piece more manageable.5. Listen to the MusicListening to recordings of the music you are learning can be incredibly helpful in understanding how the piece should sound. Pay attention to the dynamics, phrasing, and overall feel of the music as you listen. This can help you interpret the music more accurately when you are playing.There are many resources available online where you can listen to recordings of classical music, pop songs, and other genres. You can also find recordings of specific pieces on streaming services like Spotify and YouTube.6. Practice RegularlyLike any skill, learning how to read sheet music takes practice. Make a habit of practicing regularly, even if it's only for a few minutes each day. Consistent practice will help you improve your reading skills over time and make learning new pieces easier.Practice doesn't have to be limited to playing the piano or another instrument. You can also practice by using flashcards, reading music theory books, or listening to recordings of music.7. Take LessonsIf you are struggling to learn sheet music on your own, consider taking lessons from a qualified music teacher. A teacher can provide guidance, feedback, and personalized instruction to help you improve your reading skills.Many music schools and private instructors offer lessons in reading sheet music for students of all levels. You can also find online courses and tutorials that can help you improve your skills.In conclusion, learning how to read sheet music is a valuable skill for musicians of all levels. By understanding the basics, practicing regularly, and seeking guidance from a qualified teacher, you can improve your reading skills and become a proficient musician. Remember to be patient with yourself and keep practicing, and you will see improvements over time.。
钢琴演奏表情术语一览表
钢琴演奏表情术语一览表（一）钢琴演奏表情术语一览表（二）●速度术语Adagio柔板 Adagio assai很慢的柔板Andante行板 Andantino小行板Allegretto non troppo不快的小快板 Allegretto小快板Allegretto poco mosso稍快的小快板 Allegro快板Grave庄板 Larghetto小广板Largo广板 Lento慢板Moderado中板 Prestissimo最急板Presto急板 a temp回原速in tempo按原速 accelerato加快的accel加快的（accelerado的缩写） con moto稍快的Doppio movimento加倍快 molto mosso很快的memo mosso稍慢 molto rit渐慢很多molto allegro很快的 molto adagio很缓慢的poco a poco rit一点一点地渐慢 poco lento稍慢poco meno mosso稍放慢的 piu Allegro更快piu Andante更慢 piu moto更快的piu mosso更快的 rapido迅速的ritardando渐慢的 rit,ritard渐慢的rall渐慢（rallendand缩写） ritenuto突慢的stringendo加紧（加快） senza accel不要渐快●表情术语alla marcia--进行曲风格 allargando--渐慢并渐强appassionate--热情地 agitato--激动地animato--生气勃勃地 brillante--辉煌地brioso--充满活力地 comodo--自在地con fuoco--火热地 calm--平静地cantabile--如歌地 con spirito--有精神地deciso--坚定地 doice--柔和地dolente--怨诉地 energico--精力充沛地fantastico--幻想地 grave--沉重地grazioso--优雅地 giocoso--嬉戏地leggiero--轻巧地 largamente--宽广地maestoso--庄严地 marcato--强调mesto--忧伤地 nobilmente--高雅地pathetic--悲怆地 passionate--热情洋溢地pastoral--田园地 risoluto--果断地Rubato--节奏自由 semplice--朴素地sempre--继续地 sentimento--多愁善感地sostenuto--持续地 vivace--活泼地vivo--活跃地 scherzando--幽默地spirito--精神饱满地 tranquillo--安静地●力度术语pp——很弱 p——弱mp——中弱 mf——中强f——强 ff——很强sf——突强 fz——突强fp——强后即弱 >或<——重音记号dim——渐弱 cresc——渐强sotto voce——很弱的声音 sempre p——始终保持弱●触键术语glissando滑奏 legato连音legato assai很连贯 legatissimo最连音non legato非连音 portato次断音staccatostaccatissimo▲断音sempre stacc一直用断音 tenuto保持极慢板(Garve)广板(Largo)慢板(Lento)柔板(Adagio)小柔板(Adagietto)小广板(Larghetto)行板(Andante)小行板(Andantino)中速(Moderato)小快板(Allegretto)快板(Allegro)急板(Presto)最急板(Prestissimo)原速(A Tempo)自由节奏(Rubato)渐慢(Ritardando/rit) 突慢(Ritenuto/riten) 表情纵情地(Abbandono)深情地(Accarezzevole) 富于感情地(Affettuoso) 激动地(Agitato)愉快地(Amabile)进行曲风格(Alla marcia)柔情地(Amoroso)活泼地(Animato)热情地(Appassionato)辉煌地(Brillante)滑稽地(Buffo)如歌地(Cantabile)随想地(Capriccioso)有爱情地(Con amore)有感情地(Con anima)温柔地、柔和地(Con dolcezza) 悲痛地(Con dolore)有表情地(Con espressione)优美地(Con Grazio)有生气地(Con spirito)柔和、甜美地(Dolce)哀伤地(Dolente)优美高雅地(Elegante)欢庆地(Festivo)有朝气地(Fresco)葬礼地(Funebre)诙谐地(Giocoso)雄伟地(Grandioso)纯洁的(Innccente)阴郁地(Lugubre)哭泣地(Largemoso)高贵地(Maestoso)神秘地(Misterioso)虔诚地(Religioso)响亮的(sonore)喧闹地(Strepitoso)田园风格(Pastorable)豪华、炫耀的(Pomposo)华彩乐段(Cadenza)力度记号渐强(Crescendo/cresc)渐弱(Diminuendo/dim)最弱(Piano Pianissmo/ppp) 很弱(Pianissmo/pp)中弱(Mezzo Piano/mp)中强(Mazzo Fort/mf)强(Forte/f)弱(Piano/p)很强(Portissimo/ff)最强(Forte Portissimo/fff) 突强(Sforzando/sf)强后突弱(Forte Piano/fp)vibration 振动sound 音tone 音（乐音）step 音级（scale step， degree）accidental（s）变音记号sharp 升号flat 降号double-sharp 重升号double-flat 重降号nature 还原号 intonation 音准octave 八度range 音域（compass）（voice） register 音区small c 小字组cgreat C 大字组Ccontra C 大字二组Cunaccented octave 小字组one-lined octave 小字一组（one-line）two-lined octave 小字二组（two-line）three -lined octave 小字三组（three-line）four-line octave 小字四组（four-line）temperament 乐律tempered scale 平均律（equal temperament）just intonation 纯律pitch name 音名enharmonic notes 等音（whole） tone 全音half-tone 半音natural half-tone 自然半音natural tone 自然全音chromatic tone 变化全音chromatic half-tone 变化半音notation 记谱法staff 乐谱treble clef 高音谱号bass clef 低音谱号clef 谱号（G clef， F clef， C clef）note（s）音符rest（s）休止符breve 二全音符semibreve 全音符（whole note，美）minim 二分音符（half note，美）crotchet 四分音符（quarter note，美）quaver 八分音符（eighth note，美）semiquaver 十六分音符（sixteenth note，美）demisemiquaver 三十二分音符（thirty-second note，美）hemidemisemi quaver 六十四分音符（sixty-fourth note，美）dot 附点double dot 复附点dotted note 附点音符dotted rest 附点休止符score 总谱leger line（s）加线（ledger line（s））head 符头stem 符干hook 符尾（tail）space 间line 线tie 延音线pause 延长号（hold， fermata）bar 小节（bar line小节线，measure）legato 连音，连奏staccato 断音，断奏sostenuto 持音trembolo 震音glissando 滑音rhythm 节奏rhythmic pattern 节奏型accent 重音syncopation 切分音meter 拍子（time）duple meter（s）二拍子（2/2，2/4，2/8）triple meter（s）三拍子（3/2，3/4，3/8）quadruple meter（s）四拍子（4/2，4/4，4/8）common meter 普通拍子（4/4）simple meter（s）单拍子compound meter（s）复拍子compound duple meter（s）复二拍子（6/2，6/4，6/8）compound triple meter（s）复三拍子（9/4，9/8）compound quadruple meter（s）复四拍子（12/4，12/8，12/16）quintuple meter 五拍子time signature 拍号multi-meter 变化拍子irregular meter （不规则）混合拍子（7/4，11/7）Metronome 节拍机（M.M.=Malzel‘s ~）duplet 二连音triplet 三连音quadruplet 四连音quintuplet 五连音sextuplet 六连音septuplet 七连音tempo 速度dynamics 力度tempo mark（s）速度标记dynamic mark（s）力度标记mode 调式（狭指教会调式；广指调式）scale 音阶key 调tonality 调性atonality 无调性bitonality 双重调性polytonality 多调性major 大调minor 小调key signature 调号pentatonic 五声的natural 自然的melodic 旋律的harmonic 和声的whole-tone 全音的chromatic 半音的ascending 上行descending 下行scale degree （调式）音级tonic（I）主音，主和弦supertonic（II）上主音，上主和弦mediant （III）中音，中音和弦subdominant（IV）下属音，下属和弦dominant（V）属音，属和弦submediant（VI）下中音，下中音和弦（super-dominant）leading tone（VII）导音，导和弦（subtonic）broken chord 分解和弦altered chord 变和弦false chord 假和弦 resolution 解决relative keys 关系大小调parallel keys 同主音调interval 音程melodic interval 旋律音程harmonic interval 和声音程root 根音（fundamental）scale step 音级（音级数：number of scale step）simple interval 单音程compound interval 复音程enharmonic intervals 等音程inversion 转位（complement）minor 小（音程）major 大（音程）perfect 完全，纯（音程）augmented 增（音程）diminished 减（音程）double-augmented 倍增（音程）double-diminished 倍减（音程）unison 同度，一度（prime）second 二度third 三度fourth 四度fifth 五度sixth 六度seventh 七度octave 八度ninth 九度tenth 十度eleventh 十一度twelfth 十二度tri-tone 三全音diatonic interval 自然（音程）chromatic interval 变化（音程）consonant 协和（音程、和弦）dissonant 不协和（音程、和弦）chord 和弦triad 三和弦major triad 大三和弦minor triad 小三和弦diminished triad 减三和弦augmented triad 增三和弦root position 原位first inversion 第一转位second inversion 第二转位third inversion 第三转位sixth chord 六和弦sixth-four chord 四六和弦seventh chord 七和弦dominant seventh chord 属七和弦diminished seventh chord 减七和弦ninth chord 九和弦augmented sixth chord 增六和弦Added-sixth chord 加六度和弦fourth chord 四度和弦tone-cluster 音簇harmony 和声学harmonic analysis 和声分析functional harmony 功能和声modulation 转调transposition 移调chromatic scale 半音阶diatonic scale 自然音阶 passing tone 经过音neighboring tone 辅助音（auxiliary tone，upper or lower）anticipation 先现音suspension 延留音ornament（s）装饰音trill 颤音mordent 波音（upper mordent）inverted mordent 逆波音（lower mordent；早期称Schneller）double mordent 复波音inverted turn 回音arpeggio 琶音melody 旋律repetition 重复unity 统一variety 变化variation 变奏theme with variation 主题与变奏comparison 对比augmentation 展开climax 高潮sequence 模进melodic sequence 旋律模进harmonic sequence 和声模进melodic progression 旋律进行melodic contour 旋律轮廓motive 动机development 发展thematic material 主题材料phrase 乐句phrasing 分句period 乐段cadence 终止perfect cadence 完全终止imperfect cadence 不完全终止half cadence 半终止authentic cadence 正格终止plagal cadence 变格终止interrupted cadence 阻碍终止deceptive cadence 伪终止musical form 曲式one-part form 一段式，一部曲式binary form 二段式，二部曲式（AB）rounded binary form （有再现的）二段式ternary form 三段式，三部曲式（ABA）four-part form 四段式five-part form 五段式variation form 变奏曲式（A，A1，A2，A3…）strophic form 分节歌（a，a，a，a …）rondo form 回旋曲式（ABACA）sonata form 奏鸣曲式exposition 呈示部development 展开部recapitulation 再现部rondo sonata form 回旋奏鸣曲式movement 乐章prelude 前奏（曲）interlude 间奏（曲）coda 尾声trio 三声中部cadanza 华彩乐段 musical form 体裁reduction 改编（缩编）trio 三重奏quartet 四重奏quintet 五重奏1. a cappella无配合演奏合唱2. a caprio无事先准备的，随心发挥的3. a nimato活泼的，富有生气的，快的4. a tempo 回原速5. A,B,C,D,E,F,G 唱名la,si,do,re,mi,fa,sol6. abbandono无拘无束的，尽兴的7. el 加速的，elerado的减写8. entato加重音的，加重的9. a cappella无配合演奏合唱10. a caprio无事先准备的，随心发挥的11. a nimato活泼的，富有生气的，快的12. a tempo 回原速13. A,B,C,D,E,F,G 唱名la,si,do,re,mi,fa,sol14. abbandono无拘无束的，尽兴的15. el 加速的，elerado的减写16. entato加重音的，加重的17. acoustic声响学的，音响效果的18. adagio assai 很慢的柔板19. adagio 柔板20. adagio慢板21. affettatamente装模作样的22. affettato 矫柔做作的23. affettuoso感情富厚的24. affrettando快速的25. agitato激动地26. album专集，音乐集27. all arg逐渐加强，逐渐变慢，声响愈加丰满28. alla francese法兰指秋风格29. alla marcia进行曲风格30. alla pola波拉卡风格31. alla spagnuola西班牙风格32. alla turca土耳其风格33. alla如同……一样的34. allegramente欢快的，兴致昂然的35. allegretto non troppo 不外分的小快板36. allegretto poco mosso 稍快的小快板37. allegretto稍快板38. allegrissimo极快的39. allegro快板，急剧的，快节奏的40. altieramente极快的41. alto clef 中音谱号42. alto 男高音, 女低音43. alt最高调，最高调的44. amabile蔼然可亲的，可爱的45. amorosamente温柔的，关系密切的46. amoroso温柔的，关系密切的47. an acoustic guitar原声吉他（区别于电子吉他）48. andante 行板49. andante行板，行板乐曲，迟缓的50. andantino 小行板51. aperto开畅的52. appassionato热情奔放的，热心的53. arousic （指乐器）原声的（不是电的）54. arpeggio 琶音55. atta紧接下段56. baldo 勇敢的，豪壮的57. ballade叙事曲，歌谣58. band 管乐队59. band(-)stand (室外)音乐台60. bandmaster (管)乐队批示61. bandsman (管)乐队队员62. bar line小节线63. barcarolle船歌64. baritone 上低音, 男中音65. bass clef低音谱号66. bass drum低音鼓67. bass 低音68. bassoon低音管，巴松管69. bass男低音，低音，贝司70. baton 乐队批示棒71. battuta拍子，特指一小节内第1个重拍72. ben出格强调的73. bis重复一次74. zaro奇怪的，奇异的75. blocks双头木鱼76. blues忧郁布鲁斯歌曲(蓝调音乐)77. bongoes连体鼓78. bow 小提琴的琴弓79. brass band 管乐队; 演奏乐队80. breve rest 二全休止符81. breve二全音符82. brillante 辉煌的，华丽的83. brioso充满活力地84. buffo 可笑的，喜剧的，滑稽地85. burlesco 戏谑的，诙谐的86. c clef, tenor clef, alto clef 中音谱号87. cadence 调音88. calando 渐缓且渐弱89. calmato 舒适的90. caminando 流利的，进行的91. cantabile 似歌的92. cantando 如歌的93. capriesamente 的，随想的94. caprioso 的，随想的95. caprice 随想曲，畅想曲，奇想曲96. cd光碟97. celesta 钢片琴98. cello 大小提琴99. choir, choral society 合奏，合唱100. chord 和弦，谐音101. chorus 合唱，和声，合唱队102. clar 竖笛，单簧管（黑管）103. classics 古典音乐104. claves 音棒105. col canto 紧随的旋律106. modo 舒适的，自在的107. e sopra 如同何处的一样108. e 好象，如同109. inciata 开头，曲首110. odo自在地111. con abbandono 尽兴奔放地112. con affetto 感情富厚地，多情地113. con ammabilita 和善地，亲切地114. con amore 温柔地，关系密切地115. con brio 生气勃勃地，有活力地116. con delicatezza 精细地，娇媚温柔地117. con entusiasmo 热情地118. con espressione 富有表现力地119. con forza 有力地120. con fuoco 狂热地，热情地121. con grazio 典雅地，优美地122. con malinconia 忧郁消沉地123. con moto 稍快的124. con slancio 强劲地，激烈地125. con spirito 富有生气地126. con strepito 喧华地，嘈杂地，震耳欲聋地127. con trasporto 得意失态地128. con vigore 富有精力地，强健地129. con 同，带着130. concert 音乐会131. concerto 协奏曲132. conductor 乐队批示133. conductor 批示134. contralto 女底音，女底音手135. counterpoint 多声部音乐136. cresc渐强137. crotchet rest 四分休止符 (美作：2uarter rest) 138. crotchet 四分音符139. cymbal 铜钹，土耳其镲140. dance 舞曲141. debut album 处女专辑（首张专辑）142. debut single 首张单曲143. deciso坚定地144. deejay（dj）播放音乐的人，dj145. delicatamente 精细的，娇媚温柔的146. delicatezza 过细的147. delicato 精细的，娇媚温柔的148. demisemi2uaver 三程度极深音符 (美作：thellorty-second note) 149. di soppiano 用低音的，温柔的150. di sopra 如上所述面151. di 地，用，自，的152. diapason, range 音域153. dim渐弱154. direct 批示155. discodance 迪斯科舞156. discography音乐唱片分类目次, 音乐唱片分类学(法),录音作物品名目次157. discothe2ue迪斯科舞厅158. disperato 失望的，绝望的159. distinto 清楚的160. divoto 老实的，忠诚的161. dj disco jockey迪斯科舞厅、电台的音乐主持人162. dolce ondeggiando 温柔的颤动163. dolce 温柔的，甜美的164. dolcissimo 非常温柔的，甜美的165. dolente 悲痛的，哀伤的166. doloroso 悲痛的167. doppio lunghezza di tempo 慢一倍168. doppio movimento 加速一倍169. doppio 成倍，双重170. dotted crotchet 四分音符 (美作：dotted note,2uarter note)171. double bar line 双小节线172. double bass 低音小提琴173. drammatico 戏剧性的174. drum 鼓175. drumstick 鼓槌176. duet, duo 二重奏，二重唱177. e 与，而178. ed 与，而179. egualmente 同样地，平稳地，均匀地180. electronical 电子音乐181. elegante 幽雅的，高尚的182. en 在……，……地，按照……风格183. energico精力充沛地184. entusiastico 热情的，热烈的185. eroico 英勇的，肃静的186. espressiove 有表情187. et 与，而188. etude 操练曲189. f clef, bass clef 低音谱号190. fantastico幻想地191. fantasy 幻想曲192. fastoso 华丽的，夸诞的193. feroco 粗野的，狂暴的194. festivo 有朝气地195. ff 很强196. fiero 勇猛的，自满的197. finale 终曲198. flat sign 降号199. flat 调号，降调200. flebile 悲哀的，沉痛的201. flute 横笛，长笛，笛子202. forza 力量203. fp强后即弱204. french horn 圆号，法国号205. fresco 生机勃勃的，清爽的206. fret 琴柱，挡子207. funebre 悲哀的，凄惨的，葬礼的208. furioso 狂暴地209. fz突强210. f强211. g clef, treble clef 高音谱号212. gaio 快乐的，愉悦的213. generoso 激昂大方的，高尚的214. giandioso华丽地、壮美地215. giocoso 愉快的，游戏的，幽默的216. giusto 适合的，恰当的217. glissando 滑奏，钢琴上的刮奏218. glockenspiel 钟琴，铁琴219. grave 庄板220. grave沉要地221. grazioso 幽雅的、优美地222. guerriero 勇敢的，威武的223. guiros 瓜（一种利用刮削摩擦发声的拉丁新大陆乐器）224. guitar 吉他225. harp 四十六弦琴226. harpsichord 羽管钢琴（拨管古钢琴）227. heavy metal重金属228. hemidemisemi2uaver 六十四分音符 (美作：sixty-fourth note) 229. hello fi set 高保真音响230. hellop hop 希普霍普231. honky-tonk piano 酒吧钢琴232. horn 号，号角233. impetuoso急剧地、如暴风两般234. in tempo 按原速235. innocente纯洁地236. jazz band 爵士乐队237. keyboard 键盘，通常指电子琴238. lagrimoso抽泣地239. lamentabile哀痛地240. largamente宽阔地241. larghetto 小广板242. largo 广板243. latin 拉丁244. legatissimo最连音245. legato assai很连贯246. legayo连音247. leggiero轻快。
Python基础(3)
Python基础（3）主讲：胡蓉列表定义•列表（list）用来有序存放一组相关数据，以便进行统一的处理。
•Python中，将一组数据放在一对方括号“[]”中即定义了一个列表。
每个数据称为‘元素’数据的个数称为列表‘长度’•列表是可变的，所以大多数列表操作函数都是原地完成（即直接作用在原列表上，操作完成后原列表的值会发生改变）scores = [98, 96, 95, 94, 92] 正向序号 0 1 2 3 4-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 反向序号•列表元素有序存放，可根据序号访问其中任意一个元素列表元素的访问列表的作用•可以存放一组成绩scores = [ 98,86,95,74,82]•可以存放一组人名names = ['萧峰','杨过','令狐冲','张无忌','郭靖']•可以存放一个学生的基本信息（列表元素类型可以互不相同） student = ['张三',19,'湖南湘潭']•可以存放若干学生的基本信息（每个元素也是一个列表，嵌套） students = [['张三',19,'湖南湘潭'],['李四',18,'江苏南京']]（1）修改元素列表名[ 索引 ] = 新值 scores = [ 98,86,95,74,82]scores[3] = 80print(scores)students = [['张三', 19, '湖南湘潭'], ['李四', 18, '江苏南京']]students[1][2] = "江苏常州"print(students)students[1] = "暂缺" print(students) 列表元素操作[98, 86, 95, 80, 82] [['张三', 19, '湖南湘潭'], ['李四', 18, '江苏常州']] [['张三', 19, '湖南湘潭'], '暂缺']（2）添加元素①尾部追加元素的函数——列表. append(待追加元素） scores = [ 98,86,95,74,82] scores.append(77)print(scores) ②指定位置之前插入元素的函数——列表. insert(指定位置，待插入元素) scores = [ 98,86,95,74,82]scores.insert(-1, 77)print(scores) [98, 86, 95, 74, 82, 77][98, 86, 95, 74, 77, 82]（3）删除元素①按索引删除元素的命令——del 列表[索引值]scores = [ 98,86,95,74,82]del scores[1]print(scores)[98, 95, 74, 82]（3）删除元素（注意命令和函数的语法格式区别）②按索引删除元素的函数——列表. pop([索引值])scores = [98,86,95,74,82]scores.pop() # 默认删除最后一个元素print(scores)s = scores.pop(2) # pop函数会返回被删除的元素print(s)print(scores)[98, 86, 95, 74]95[98, 86, 74]（3）删除元素（注意命令和函数的语法格式区别）③按值删除元素的函数——列表. remove(待删除元素)scores = [98,82,95,74,82]scores.remove(82) # 删除第一次出现的82，返回值为None print(scores)[98, 95, 74, 82]（4）其他常用操作①求列表长度的函数——len(列表)−统计和返回指定列表的长度，即列表中元素的个数lst = [1,2,3,4,5,2,3]print(len(lst))7（4）其他常用操作②判断元素是否在列表中的运算符——元素 in（not in）列表lst = [1,2,3,4,5,2,3]print(6 in lst)False（4）其他常用操作③查找列表元素索引值的函数——列表.index(待查找元素)−用来在列表中查找指定的元素，如果找到返回第一个找到的元素对应的索引（注意索引从0开始）；如果找不到，会报错。
钢琴演奏表情术语一览表
钢琴演奏表情术语一览表（一）钢琴演奏表情术语一览表（二）AdagioAdagio assai 很慢的柔板AndanteAndantino 小行板Allegrettonon troppo 不快的Allegretto 小快板Allegrettopoco mosso 稍快板Allegro 快板GraveLarghetto 小广板LargoLento 慢板ModeradoPrestissimo 最急板Presto 急板a temp回原速in tempoaccelerato 加快的写）accel 加快的 ( acceleradocon moto 稍快的的缩•速度术语Doppio movimento快molto mosso 很快的memo mosso 稍慢molto rit 渐慢很多molto allegro 很快的molto adagio 很缓慢的poco a poco rit 一点点地渐慢poco lento 稍慢poco meno mosso 稍放慢的piu Allegro 更快piu Andante 更慢piu moto 更快的piu mosso 更快的rapido 迅速的ritardando 渐慢的rit,ritard 渐慢的rall 渐慢（rallendand 缩写）ritenuto 突慢的stringendo 加紧（加快）senza accel 不要渐快•表情术语alla marcia--allargando -- 渐慢并渐强地地在地地地地地地appassionate -agitato--激动地animato -- 生brillante-- 辉煌地brioso -- 充满活力地con fuoco-- 火热地cantabile -con spirito --有精神地deciso -- 坚定地dolente --energico-- 精力充沛地fantastico -- 幻想地grazioso -- 优雅地热八、、气勃勃comodo -- 自calm -- 平静如歌doice -- 柔和怨诉grave -- 沉重giocoso-- 嬉戏地地leggiero--largamente-- 宽广地maestoso-- 庄严地强调轻巧marcato高雅地热情洋溢地地素地多愁善感地地地静地nobilmente --passionate --risoluto -- 果断semplice -- 朴sentimento --vivace -- 活泼跃tranquillo-- 安mesto -- 忧伤地pathetic -- 悲怆地pastoral -- 田园地Rubato -- 节奏自由sempre -- 继续地sostenuto -- 持续地vivo -- 活scherzando -- 幽默地spirito -- 精神饱满地•力度术语pp ----- 很弱p ---- 弱mp ——中弱mf ——中ff ——很强持fz ——突强＞或＜—sf ——突强 fp ——强后即弱— 重音记号dim ——渐弱 cresc —— 渐强sotto voce ——很弱的声音 sempre p ——始终保持弱•触键术语glissando 滑奏legato 连音legato assai很连贯legatissimo 最连音non legato 非连音portato 次断音staccatostaccatissimo ▲断音 sempre stacc 一直用断音 tenuto 保极慢板(Garve) 广板(Largo) 慢板(Lento) 柔板(Adagio) 小柔板(Adagietto) 小广板(Larghetto) 行板(Andante) 小行板(Andantino) 中速(Moderato) 小快板(Allegretto) 快板(Allegro) 急板(Presto) 最急板(Prestissimo) 原速(A Tempo) 自由节奏(Rubato) 渐慢(Ritardando/rit) 突慢(Ritenuto/riten) 表情纵情地(Abbandono) 深情地(Accarezzevole) 富于感情地(Affettuoso) 激动地(Agitato) 愉快地(Amabile) 进行曲风格(Alla marcia) 柔情地(Amoroso) 活泼地(Animato) 热情地(Appassionato) 辉煌地(Brillante) 滑稽地(Buffo) 如歌地(Cantabile) 随想地(Capriccioso) 有爱情地(Con amore) 有感情地(Con anima) 温柔地、柔和地(Con dolcezza) 悲痛地(Con dolore) 有表情地(Con espressione) 优美地(Con Grazio) 有生气地(Con spirito) 柔和、甜美地(Dolce) 哀伤地(Dolente) 优美高雅地(Elegante) 欢庆地(Festivo) 有朝气地(Fresco) 葬礼地(Funebre)(Qqe﹂£sed)S E田(O s o -K a l co )圣E w (alouos)s s(O S O Q OJM)(O S O﹂9S一！Al)呈s > (os£s① elAI)呈m恤(OSOE ①6﹂e-l)呈归眯(alqgn ︱I )呈辰压(9U %O U U _)WOE 一SSEOd)戡腔(d︑OUQd)mW9﹂OLL)舉aEEO LLozzeg ®fr(dovouQdOZZ①！Al)m fr(dd'OLUSScQd)me(ddd'OLUSScQdOUQd)WWWE一p'opu①nu一EQ)舉斑(osalQOPUCDosalo)嶷黑(eZu最强(Forte Portissimo/fff) 突强(Sforzando/sf) 强后突弱(Forte Piano/fp) vibration 振动sound 音tone 音(乐音) step 音级( scale step ，degree ) accidental ( s) 变音记号sharp 升号flat 降号double-sharp 重升号double-flat 重降号nature 还原号intonation 音准octave 八度range 音域( compass ) ( voice ) register 音区small c 小字组c great C 大字组C contra C 大字二组C unaccented octave 小字组one-lined octave 小字一组 ( one-line ) two-lined octave 小字二组 ( two-line ) three -lined octave 小字三组( three-line )four-line octave 小字四组（four-line ）temperament 乐律tempered scale 平均律（equal temperament ）just intonation 纯律pitch name 音名enharmonic notes 等音（whole ）tone 全音half-tone 半音natural half-tone 自然半音natural tone 自然全音chromatic tone 变化全音chromatic half-tone 变化半音notation 记谱法staff 乐谱treble clef 高音谱号bass clef 低音谱号clef 谱号（G clef ，F clef ，C clef ）note （s）音符rest （s）休止符breve 二全音符semibreve 全音符（whole note ，美）minim 二分音符（half note ，美）crotchet 四分音符（quarter note ，美）quaver 八分音符（eighth note ，美）semiquaver 十六分音符（sixteenth note ，美）demisemiquaver 三十二分音符（thirty-second note ，美）hemidemisemi quaver 六十四分音符（sixty-fourth note ，美）dot 附点double dot 复附点dotted note 附点音符dotted rest 附点休止符score 总谱leger line （s）加线（ledger line （s））head 符头stem 符干hook 符尾（tail ）space 间line 线tie 延音线pause 延长号（hold ，fermata ）bar 小节（bar line 小节线，measure ）legato 连音，连奏staccato 断音，断奏sostenuto 持音trembolo 震音glissando 滑音rhythm 节奏rhythmic pattern 节奏型accent 重音syncopation 切分音meter 拍子（time ）duple meter （s）二拍子（2/2 ，2/4 ，2/8 ）triple meter （s）三拍子（3/2，3/4 ，3/8）quadruple meter （s）四拍子（4/2，4/4 ，4/8）common meter 普通拍子（4/4）simple meter （s）单拍子compound meter （s）复拍子compound duple meter （s）复二拍子（6/2，6/4，6/8 ）compound triple meter （s）复三拍子（9/4，9/8）compound quadruple meter （s）复四拍子（12/4 ，12/8 ，12/16 ）quintuple meter 五拍子time signature 拍号multi-meter 变化拍子irregular meter （不规则）混合拍子（7/4 ，11/7 ）Metronome 节拍机（M.M.=Malzel ‘s~ ）duplet 二连音triplet 三连音quadruplet 四连音quintuplet 五连音sextuplet 六连音septuplet 七连音tempo 速度dynamics 力度tempo mark （s）速度标记dynamic mark （s）力度标记mode 调式（狭指教会调式；广指调式）scale 音阶key 调tonality 调性atonality 无调性bitonality 双重调性polytonality 多调性major 大调minor 小调key signature 调号pentatonic 五声的natural 自然的melodic 旋律的harmonic 和声的whole-tone 全音的chromatic 半音的ascending 上行descending 下行scale degree （调式）音级tonic （I）主音，主和弦supertonic （II ）上主音，上主和弦mediant （III ）中音，中音和弦subdominant （IV ）下属音，下属和弦dominant （V）属音，属和弦submediant （VI）下中音，下中音和弦（super-dominant ）leading tone （VII ）导音，导和弦（subtonic ）broken chord 分解和弦altered chord 变和弦false chord 假和弦resolution 解决relative keys 关系大小调parallel keys 同主音调interval 音程melodic interval 旋律音程harmonic interval 和声音程root 根音（fundamental ）scale step 音级（音级数：number of scale step ）simple interval 单音程compound interval 复音程enharmonic intervals 等音程inversion 转位（complement ）minor 小（音程）major 大（音程）perfect 完全，纯（音程）augmented 增（音程）diminished 减（音程）double-augmented 倍增（音程）double-diminished 倍减（音程）unison 同度，一度（prime ）second 二度third 三度fourth 四度fifth 五度sixth 六度seventh 七度octave 八度ninth 九度tenth 十度eleventh 十一度twelfth 十二度tri-tone 三全音diatonic interval 自然（音程）chromatic interval 变化（音程）consonant 协和（音程、和弦）dissonant 不协和（音程、和弦）chord 和弦triad 三和弦major triad 大三和弦minor triad 小三和弦diminished triad 减三和弦augmented triad 增三和弦root position 原位first inversion 第一转位second inversion 第二转位third inversion 第三转位sixth chord 六和弦sixth-four chord 四六和弦seventh chord 七和弦dominant seventh chord 属七和弦diminished seventh chord 减七和弦ninth chord 九和弦augmented sixth chord 增六和弦Added-sixth chord 加六度和弦fourth chord 四度和弦tone-cluster 音簇harmony 和声学harmonic analysis 和声分析functional harmony 功能和声modulation 转调transposition 移调chromatic scale 半音阶diatonic scale 自然音阶passing tone 经过音neighboring tone 辅助音( auxiliary tone ，upper or lower ) anticipation 先现音suspension 延留音ornament ( s) 装饰音trill 颤音mordent 波音( upper mordent ) inverted mordent 逆波音( lower mordent ；早期称Schneller ) double mordent 复波音inverted turn 回音arpeggio 琶音melody 旋律repetition 重复unity 统一variety 变化variation 变奏theme with variation 主题与变奏comparison 对比augmentation 展开AB )climax 高潮 sequence 模进melodic sequence 旋律模进 harmonicsequence 和声模进 melodic progression 旋律进行 melodic contour 旋律轮廓 motive 动机 development 发展 thematic material 主题材料 phrase 乐句 phrasing 分句 period 乐段 cadence 终止 perfect cadence 完全终止 imperfect cadence 不完全终止 half cadence 半终止 authentic cadence 正格终止 plagal cadence 变格终止 interrupted cadence 阻碍终止 deceptive cadence 伪终止 musical form 曲式 one-part form 一段式，一部曲式 binary form 二段式，二部曲式( rounded binary form （有再现的）二段式 ternary form 三段式，三部曲式（ ABA ） four-part form 四段式 five-part form 五段式variation form变奏曲式（A , A1 , A2 , A3 …）strophic form节歌（a , a , a , a …） rondo form 回旋曲式（ ABACA ）sonata form 奏鸣曲式 exposition 呈示部 development 展开部 recapitulation再现部 rondo sonata form 回旋奏鸣曲式 movement 乐章prelude 前奏（曲） interlude 间奏（曲） coda 尾声 trio 三声中部cadanza 华彩乐段 musical form 体裁 reduction 改编（缩编） trio 三重奏quartet 四重奏 quintet 五重奏。