Fragment aus dem Aeschylus, D.450 (Schubert, Franz) 原版 正谱 五线谱 钢琴谱 经典曲谱.pdf
好威皮具护理产品目录英文翻译
目录一步翻新色浆168A（油性）.. 错误！未定义书签。
One-step refurbished mill base168 A (oil)一步翻新色浆168B（水性） .. 错误！未定义书签。
One-step refurbished mill base168 B(water)绒面磨砂翻新剂168C.............. 错误！未定义书签。
Suede nubuck refurbished agent 168C绒面皮改色剂............................. 错误！未定义书签。
Suede leather recolor agent绒面磨砂增艳剂......................... 错误！未定义书签。
Suede nubuck brightener agent红光去除剂................................. 错误！未定义书签。
Red dye remover环保超细无酪色膏(水性).......... 错误！未定义书签。
Environmental protection ultrafine no cream color paste (water)超艳荧光无酪色膏(水性).......... 错误！未定义书签。
Super bright fluorescent no cream color paste (water)金属颜料..................................... 错误！未定义书签。
Metallic pigment优丽高浓缩染料水..................... 错误！未定义书签。
Optimal high concentrated dye water皮革超能净面液......................... 错误！未定义书签。
Leather chaoneng net surface fluid强力去膜剂................................. 错误！未定义书签。
Mare Nostrum SP液体说明书
Mare Nostrum SP液体。
产品名称产品类型应急咨询电话（带值班时间）:::企业标识:化学品的推荐用途和限制用途产品代码:8080游艇全效自抛光防污漆产品描述:油漆。
用于涂料 - Consumer use: 本产品的使用必须符合标签说明。
用于涂料 - 用于专业领域佐敦涂料（张家港）有限公司中国江苏扬子江国际化学工业园南海路39号 215634电话: +86 512 58937988传真: +86 512 58937986Jotun Coatings (Zhangjiagang) Co. LtdNO.39 Nanhai Road Jiangsu Yangtze River International Chemical Industry Park,Jiangsu Province 215634 China Tel: +86 512 58937988Fax: +86 512 58937986中远佐敦船舶涂料（青岛）有限公司中国山东省青岛市高新区春阳路800号总机电话： +86-532-68689888总机传真： +86-532-66726750Jotun COSCO Marine Coatings (Qingdao) Co. Ltd.No. 800, Chunyang Road, High-tech Zone, Qingdao, P. R. China Tel: +86-532-68689888Fax: +86-532-66726750******************中国化学事故应急服务 Tel: +86 532 83889090易燃液体 - 类别 3急性毒性 (口服) - 类别 5皮肤腐蚀/刺激 - 类别 3严重眼损伤/眼刺激 - 类别 1皮肤致敏物 - 类别 1致癌性 - 类别 2特异性靶器官毒性 一次接触 (呼吸道刺激) - 类别 3特异性靶器官毒性 一次接触 (麻醉效应) - 类别 3危害水生环境一急性危险 - 类别 1危害水生环境一长期危险 - 类别 1GHS危险性类别:物质或混合物的分类根据 GB13690-2009 和 GB30000-2013警示词:危险.危险性说明:H226 - 易燃液体和蒸气。
ELSEVIER
elsevier目录[隐藏]【爱思唯尔公司】【爱思唯尔公司部门介绍】【爱思唯尔公司发展里程碑】【Elsev ier数据库】爱思唯尔企业标志[编辑本段]【爱思唯尔公司】Our mission:Elsevi er is an integral p artn er with th e scien tifi c,techni cal and h ealth co mmuni ties,delivering superior inf ormation produ cts and servi ces that foster co mmuni cation,build insigh ts,and enabl e indi vidual and collecti ve advan cemen t in sci enti fic research and health car e.Elsevi er.Building insigh ts.Br eaking bound aries.爱思唯尔致力于为全球三千多万科学家、研究人员、学生、医学以及信息处理的专业人士提供一流的信息产品和革新性的工具。
我们很荣幸能在全球科技和医学学术团体中扮演一个不可或缺的角色并为这些领域的发展尽绵薄之力，帮助科研人员和专业人士提高生产力和效率，同时不断投入并努力创新来更好地满足全球学术社区的需要。
Els ev ier公司沿用了Elzev ir 书屋的名字，并将Elzev ir 改为更为现代的书写方式Els ev ier。
数百年沧桑，Elsev ier 已从一家小小的致力于传播经典学术的荷兰书店发展为一个向全球科技和医学学术群体提供超过20,000本的刊物和图书的国际化多媒体出版集团。
公司标志：爱思唯尔公司的标志为一个长者手执缠绕于一棵大树的藤条。
其中长者象征广大的科技工作者，大树象征已经获得的科学知识，而藤条则象征科学知识与科技工作者之间的联系。
恩美曲妥单抗化学式
恩美曲妥单抗化学式
恩美曲妥单抗化学式：C43H58N10O13
恩美曲妥单抗（Trastuzumab）的化学式为C43H58N10O13，它是一种人源化的IgG1κ单克隆抗体，用于治疗HER2阳性的乳腺癌和胃癌等恶性肿瘤。
恩美曲妥单抗是一种单克隆抗体药物，由人类IgG1κ Fc 区域和人源化的单克隆抗体结合片段组成。
它的化学式为C43H58N10O13，分子量为约1100 kDa。
恩美曲妥单抗的结构中包含了两个重链和两个轻链，每个链都由多个氨基酸组成。
恩美曲妥单抗是一种人源化的单克隆抗体药物，它可以与HER2受体结合，抑制HER2受体的信号转导，从而减少癌细胞的增殖和转移。
恩美曲妥单抗主要用于治疗HER2阳性的乳腺癌和胃癌等恶性肿瘤。
【尚友制造】36套阅读解析exer23
Exercise 23The common belief of some linguists that each languageis a perfect vehicle for the thoughts of the nation speakingit is in some ways the exact counterpart of the conviction ofthe Manchester school of economics that supply anddemand will regulate everything for the best. Just as economists were blind to the numerous cases in which thelaw of supply and demand left actual wants unsatisfied, soalso many linguists are deaf to those instances in which the very nature of a language calls forth misunderstandings in everyday conversation, and in which, consequently, a wordhas to be modified or defined in order to present the idea intended by the speaker: "He took his stick-no, not John's,but his own." No language is perfect, and if we admit this truth, we must also admit that it is not unreasonable to investigate the relative merits of different languages or of different details in languages. ( 155 words)1.The primary purpose of the passage is to(A) analyze an interesting feature of the Englishlanguage(B) refute a belief held by some linguists(C) show that economic theory is relevant tolinguistic study(D) illustrate the confusion that can result from theimproper use of language(E) suggest a way in which languages can be mademore nearly perfectFor the following question, consider each of thechoices separately and select all that apply2. The misunderstanding presented by the author inthe passage is similar to which of the following?A X uses the word "you" to refer to a group, but Ythinks that X is referring to one person only.B X mistakenly uses the word "anomaly"to refer to a typical example, but Y knows that "anomaly" means "exception."C X uses the word "bachelor" to mean "unmarriedman," but Y mistakenly thinks that bachelor means "unmarried woman."3.In presenting the argument, the author does all ofthe following EXCEPT(A) give an example(C) make a generalization(D) make a comparison(E) present a paradox阅读2：讲解：此文乃非常典型的新老观点对比型的文章。
标准红外光谱图谱
Go to: home • ir • proton nmr • carbon nmr• mass specTable of Contents - IRI. HydrocarbonsII. Halogenated HydrocarbonsIII. Nitrogen Containing CompoundsIV. Silicon Containing Compounds (Except Si-O)V. Phosphorus Containing Compounds (Except P-O And P(=O)-O) VI. Sulfur Containing CompoundsVII. Oxygen Containing Compounds (Except -C(=O)-)VIII. Compounds Containing Carbon To Oxygen Double BondsI. HydrocarbonsA. Saturated Hydrocarbons1. Normal Alkanes2. Branched Alkanes3. Cyclic AlkanesB. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons1. Acyclic Alkenes2. Cyclic Alkenes3. AlkynesC. Aromatic Hydrocarbons1. Monocyclic (Benzenes)2. PolycyclicII. Halogenated HydrocarbonsA. Fluorinated Hydrocarbons1. Aliphatic2. AromaticB. Chlorinated Hydrocarbons1. Aliphatic2. Olefinic3. AromaticC. Brominated Hydrocarbons1. Aliphatic2. Olefinic3. AromaticD. Iodinated Hydrocarbons1. Aliphatic and Olefinic2. AromaticIII. Nitrogen Containing CompoundsA. Amines1. Primarya. Aliphatic and Olefinicb. Aromatic2. Secondarya. Aliphatic and Olefinicb. Aromatic3. Tertiarya. Aliphatic and Olefinicb. AromaticB. PyridinesC. QuinolinesD. Miscellaneous Nitrogen HeteroaromaticsE. HydrazinesF. Amine SaltsG. Oximes (-CH=N-OH)H. Hydrazones (-CH=N-NH2)I. Azines (-CH=N-N=CH-)J. Amidines (-N=CH-N)K. Hydroxamic AcidsL. Azo Compounds (-N=N-)M. Triazenes (-N=N-NH-)N. Isocyanates (-N=C=O)O. Carbodiimides (-N=C=N-)P. Isothiocyanates (-N=C=S)Q. Nitriles (-C≡N)1. Aliphatic2. Olefinic3. AromaticR. Cyanamides (=N-C≡N)S. Thiocyanates (-S-C≡N)T. Nitroso Compounds (-N=O)U. N-Nitroso Compounds (=N-N=O)V. Nitrites (-O-N=O)W. Nitro Compounds (-NO2)1. Aliphatic2. AromaticX. N-Nitro-Compounds (=N-NO2)IV. Silicon Containing Compounds (Except Si-O)V. Phosphorus Containing Compounds (Except P-O and P(=O)-O) VI. Sulfur Containing CompoundsA. Sulfides (R-S-R)1. Aliphatic2. Heterocyclic3. AromaticB. Disulfides (R-S-S-R)C. Thiols1. Aliphatic2. AromaticD. Sulfoxides (R-S(=O)-R)E. Sulfones (R-SO2-R)F. Sulfonyl Halides (R-SO2-X)G. Sulfonic Acids (R-SO2-OH)1. Sulfonic Acid Salts (R-SO2-O-M)2. Sulfonic Acid Esters (R-SO2-O-R)3. Sulfuric Acid Esters (R-O-S(=O)-O-R)H. Thioamides (R-C(=S)-NH2)I. Thioureas (R-NH-C(=S)-NH2)J. Sulfonamides (R-SO2-NH2)K. Sulfamides (R-NH-SO2-NH-R)VII. Oxygen Containing Compounds (Except -C(=O)-)A. Ethers1. Aliphatic Ethers (R-O-R)2. Acetals (R-CH-(-O-R)2)3. Alicyclic Ethers4. Aromatic Ethers5. Furans6. Silicon Ethers (R3-Si-O-R)7. Phosphorus Ethers ((R-O)3-P)8. Peroxides (R-O-O-R)B. Alcohols (R-OH)1. Primarya. Aliphatic and Alicyclicb. Olefinicc. Aromaticd. Heterocyclic2. Secondarya. Aliphatic and Alicyclicb. Olefinicc. Aromatic3. Tertiarya. Aliphaticb. Olefinicc. Aromatic4. Diols5. Carbohydrates6. PhenolsVIII. Compounds Containing Carbon To Oxygen Double BondsA. Ketones (R-C(=O)-R)1. Aliphatic and Alicyclic2. Olefinic3. Aromatic4. α-Diketones and β-DiketonesB. Aldehydes (R-C(=O)-H)C. Acid Halides (R-C(=O)-X)D. Anhydrides (R-C(=O)-O-C(=O)-R)E. Amides1. Primary (R-C(=O)-NH2)2. Secondary (R-C(=O)-NH-R)3. Tertiary (R-C(=O)-N-R2)F. Imides (R-C(=O)-NH-C(=O)-R)G. Hydrazides (R-C(=O)-NH-NH2)H. Ureas (R-NH-C(=O)-NH2)I. Hydantoins, Uracils, BarbituratesJ. Carboxylic Acids (R-C(=O)-OH)1. Aliphatic and Alicyclic2. Olefinic3. Aromatic4. Amino Acids5. Salts of Carboxylic AcidsK. Esters1. Aliphatic Esters of Aliphatic Acids2. Olefinic Esters of Aliphatic Acids3. Aliphatic Esters of Olefinic Acids4. Aromatic Esters of Aliphatic Acids5. Esters of Aromatic Acids6. Cyclic Esters (Lactones)7. Chloroformates8. Esters of Thio-Acids9. Carbamates10. Esters of Phosphorus AcidsPublished by Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Informatics Division. © 1978-2004 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. All Rights Reserved.Go to: home • ir • proton nmr • carbon nmr• mass specTable of Contents - Proton NMRI. HydrocarbonsII. Halogenated HydrocarbonsIII. Nitrogen Containing CompoundsIV. Silicon Containing Compounds (Except Si-O)V. Phosphorus Containing Compounds (Except P-O and P(=O)-O) VI. Sulfur Containing CompoundsVII. Oxygen Containing Compounds (Except -C(=O)-)VIII. Compounds Containing Carbon To Oxygen Double BondsI. HydrocarbonsA. Saturated Hydrocarbons1. Normal Alkanes2. Branched Alkanes3. Cyclic AlkanesB. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons1. Acyclic Alkenes2. Cyclic Alkenes3. AlkynesC. Aromatic Hydrocarbons1. Monocyclic (Benzenes)2. PolycyclicII. Halogenated HydrocarbonsA. Fluorinated Hydrocarbons1. Aliphatic2. AromaticB. Chlorinated Hydrocarbons1. Aliphatic2. AromaticC. Brominated Hydrocarbons1. Aliphatic2. AromaticD. Iodinated Hydrocarbons1. Aliphatic2. AromaticIII. Nitrogen Containing CompoundsA. Amines1. Primarya. Aliphaticb. Aromatic2. Secondarya. Aliphaticb. Aromatic3. Tertiarya. Aliphaticb. AromaticB. PyridinesC. Quaternary Ammonium SaltsD. HydrazinesE. Amine SaltsF. Ylidene Compounds (-CH=N-)G. Oximes (-CH=N-OH)H. Hydrazones (-CH=N-NH2)I. Azines (-CH=N-N=CH-)J. Amidines (-N=CH-N)K. Hydroxamic AcidsL. Azo Compounds (-N=N-)M. Isocyanates (-N=C=O)N. Carbodiimides (-N=C=N-)O. Isothiocyanates (-N=C=S)P. Nitriles (-C≡N)1. Aliphatic2. Olefinic3. AromaticQ. Cyanamides (=N-C≡N)R. Isocyanides (-N≡C )S. Thiocyanates (-S-C≡N)T. Nitroso Compounds (-N=O)U. N-Nitroso Compounds (=N-N=O)V. Nitrates (-O-NO2)W. Nitrites (-O-N=O)X. Nitro Compounds (-NO2)1. Aliphatic2. AromaticY. N-Nitro-Compounds (=N-NO2)IV. Silicon Containing Compounds (Except Si-O)V. Phosphorus Containing Compounds (Except P-O and P(=O)-O) VI. Sulfur Containing CompoundsA. Sulfides (R-S-R)1. Aliphatic2. AromaticB. Disulfides (R-S-S-R)C. Thiols1. Aliphatic2. AromaticD. Sulfoxides (R-S(=O)-R)E. Sulfones (R-SO2-R)F. Sulfonyl Halides (R-SO2-X)G. Sulfonic Acids (R-SO2-OH)1. Sulfonic Acid Salts (R-SO2-O-M)2. Sulfonic Acid Esters (R-SO2-O-R)3. Sulfuric Acid Esters (R-O-S(=O)-O-R)4. Sulfuric Acid Salts (R-O-SO2-O-M)H. Thioamides (R-C(=S)-NH2)I. Thioureas (R-NH-C(=S)-NH2)J. Sulfonamides (R-SO2-NH2)VII. Oxygen Containing Compounds (Except -C(=O)-)A. Ethers1. Aliphatic Ethers (R-O-R)2. Alicyclic Ethers3. Aromatic Ethers4. Furans5. Silicon Ethers (R3-Si-O-R)6. Phosphorus Ethers ((R-O)3-P)B. Alcohols (R-OH)1. Primarya. Aliphaticb. Olefinicc. Aromatic2. Secondarya. Aliphaticb. Aromatic3. Tertiarya. Aliphaticb. Aromatic4. Diols and Polyols5. Carbohydrates6. PhenolsVIII. Compounds Containing Carbon To Oxygen Double BondsA. Ketones (R-C(=O)-R)1. Aliphatic and Alicyclic2. Olefinic3. Aromatic4. a-Diketones and b-DiketonesB. Aldehydes (R-C(=O)-H)C. Acid Halides (R-C(=O)-X)D. Anhydrides (R-C(=O)-O-C(=O)-R)E. Amides1. Primary (R-C(=O)-NH2)2. Secondary (R-C(=O)-NH-R)3. Tertiary (R-C(=O)-N-R2)F. Imides (R-C(=O)-NH-C(=O)-R)G. Hydrazides (R-C(=O)-NH-NH2)H. Ureas (R-NH-C(=O)-NH2)I. Hydantoins, Uracils, BarbituratesJ. Carboxylic Acids (R-C(=O)-OH)1. Aliphatic and Alicyclic2. Olefinic3. Aromatic4. Amino Acids5. Salts of Carboxylic AcidsK. Esters1. Aliphatic Esters of Aliphatic Acids2. Olefinic Esters of Aliphatic Acids3. Aromatic Esters of Aliphatic Acids4. Cyclic Esters (Lactones)5. Chloroformates6. Carbamates7. Esters of Phosphorus AcidsPublished by Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Informatics Division. © 1978-2004 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. All Rights Reserved.Go to: home • ir • proton nmr • carbon nmr• mass specTable of Contents - Carbon NMRI. HydrocarbonsII. Halogenated HydrocarbonsIII. Nitrogen Containing CompoundsIV. Silicon Containing Compounds (Except Si-O)V. Phosphorus Containing Compounds (Except P-O And P(=O)-O) VI. Sulfur Containing CompoundsVII. Oxygen Containing Compounds (Except -C(=O)-)VIII. Compounds Containing Carbon To Oxygen Double BondsI. HydrocarbonsA. Saturated Hydrocarbons1. Normal Alkanes2. Branched Alkanes3. Cyclic AlkanesB. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons1. Acyclic Alkenes2. AlkynesC. Aromatic Hydrocarbons1. Monocyclic (Benzenes) and PolycyclicII. Halogenated HydrocarbonsA. Fluorinated Hydrocarbons1. Aliphatic2. AromaticB. Chlorinated Hydrocarbons1. Aliphatic2. AromaticC. Brominated Hydrocarbons1. Aliphatic2. AromaticD. Iodinated Hydrocarbons1. Aliphatic2. AromaticIII. Nitrogen Containing CompoundsA. Amines1. Primarya. Aliphaticb. Aromatic2. Secondarya. Aliphaticb. Aromatic3. Tertiarya. Aliphaticb. AromaticB. PyridinesC. Amine SaltsD. Oximes (-CH=N-OH)E. Quaternary Ammonium SaltsF. Nitriles (-C≡N)1. Aliphatic2. Olefinic3. AromaticG. Thiocyanates (-S-C≡N)H. Nitro Compounds (-NO2)1. Aliphatic2. AromaticIV. Silicon Containing Compounds (Except Si-O)V. Phosphorus Containing Compounds (Except P-O and P(=O)-O) VI. Sulfur Containing CompoundsA. Sulfides (R-S-R)1. Aliphatic2. AromaticB. Disulfides (R-S-S-R)C. Thiols1. Aliphatic2. AromaticD. Sulfones (R-SO2-R)VII. Oxygen Containing Compounds (Except -C(=O)-)A. Ethers1. Aliphatic Ethers (R-O-R)2. Alicyclic Ethers3. Aromatic EthersB. Alcohols (R-OH)1. Primarya. Aliphatic and Alicyclicb. Aromatic2. Secondarya. Aliphatic and Alicyclic3. Tertiarya. Aliphatic4. PhenolsVIII. Compounds Containing Carbon To Oxygen Double BondsA. Ketones (R-C(=O)-R)1. Aliphatic and Alicyclic2. AromaticB. Aldehydes (R-C(=O)-H)C. Acid Halides (R-C(=O)-X)D. Anhydrides (R-C(=O)-O-C(=O)-R)E. Amides1. Primary (R-C(=O)-NH2)2. Secondary (R-C(=O)-NH-R)3. Tertiary (R-C(=O)-N-R2)F. Carboxylic Acids (R-C(=O)-OH)1. Aliphatic and Alicyclic2. AromaticG. Esters1. Aliphatic Esters of Aliphatic Acids2. Olefinic Esters of Aliphatic Acids3. Aromatic Esters of Aliphatic AcidsPublished by Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Informatics Division. © 1978-2004 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. All Rights Reserved.Go to: home • ir • proton nmr • carbon nmr• mass specTable of Contents - MSComing SoonI. HydrocarbonsII. Halogenated HydrocarbonsIII. Nitrogen Containing CompoundsIV. Silicon Containing Compounds (Except Si-O)V. Phosphorus Containing Compounds (Except P-O And P(=O)-O) VI. Sulfur Containing CompoundsVII. Oxygen Containing Compounds (Except -C(=O)-)VIII. Compounds Containing Carbon To Oxygen Double BondsI. HydrocarbonsA. Saturated Hydrocarbons1. Normal Alkanes2. Branched Alkanes3. Cyclic AlkanesB. Unsaturated Hydrocarbons1. Acyclic Alkenes2. Cyclic Alkenes3. AlkynesC. Aromatic Hydrocarbons1. Monocyclic (Benzenes)2. PolycyclicII. Halogenated HydrocarbonsA. Fluorinated Hydrocarbons1. Aliphatic2. AromaticB. Chlorinated Hydrocarbons1. Aliphatic2. Olefinic3. AromaticC. Brominated Hydrocarbons1. Aliphatic2. Olefinic3. AromaticD. Iodinated Hydrocarbons1. Aliphatic and Olefinic2. AromaticIII. Nitrogen Containing CompoundsA. Amines1. Primarya. Aliphatic and Olefinicb. Aromatic2. Secondarya. Aliphatic and Olefinicb. Aromatic3. Tertiarya. Aliphatic and Olefinicb. AromaticB. PyridinesC. QuinolinesD. Miscellaneous Nitrogen HeteroaromaticsE. HydrazinesF. Amine SaltsG. Oximes (-CH=N-OH)H. Hydrazones (-CH=N-NH2)I. Azines (-CH=N-N=CH-)J. Amidines (-N=CH-N)K. Hydroxamic AcidsL. Azo Compounds (-N=N-)M. Triazenes (-N=N-NH-)N. Isocyanates (-N=C=O)O. Carbodiimides (-N=C=N-)P. Isothiocyanates (-N=C=S)Q. Nitriles (-C≡N)1. Aliphatic2. Olefinic3. AromaticR. Cyanamides (=N-C≡N)S. Thiocyanates (-S-C≡N)T. Nitroso Compounds (-N=O)U. N-Nitroso Compounds (=N-N=O)V. Nitrites (-O-N=O)W. Nitro Compounds (-NO2)1. Aliphatic2. AromaticX. N-Nitro-Compounds (=N-NO2)IV. Silicon Containing Compounds (Except Si-O)V. Phosphorus Containing Compounds (Except P-O and P(=O)-O) VI. Sulfur Containing CompoundsA. Sulfides (R-S-R)1. Aliphatic2. Heterocyclic3. AromaticB. Disulfides (R-S-S-R)C. Thiols1. Aliphatic2. AromaticD. Sulfoxides (R-S(=O)-R)E. Sulfones (R-SO2-R)F. Sulfonyl Halides (R-SO2-X)G. Sulfonic Acids (R-SO2-OH)1. Sulfonic Acid Salts (R-SO2-O-M)2. Sulfonic Acid Esters (R-SO2-O-R)3. Sulfuric Acid Esters (R-O-S(=O)-O-R)H. Thioamides (R-C(=S)-NH2)I. Thioureas (R-NH-C(=S)-NH2)J. Sulfonamides (R-SO2-NH2)K. Sulfamides (R-NH-SO2-NH-R)VII. Oxygen Containing Compounds (Except -C(=O)-)A. Ethers1. Aliphatic Ethers (R-O-R)2. Acetals (R-CH-(-O-R)2)3. Alicyclic Ethers4. Aromatic Ethers5. Furans6. Silicon Ethers (R3-Si-O-R)7. Phosphorus Ethers ((R-O)3-P)8. Peroxides (R-O-O-R)B. Alcohols (R-OH)1. Primarya. Aliphatic and Alicyclicb. Olefinicc. Aromaticd. Heterocyclic2. Secondarya. Aliphatic and Alicyclicb. Olefinicc. Aromatic3. Tertiarya. Aliphaticb. Olefinicc. Aromatic4. Diols5. Carbohydrates6. PhenolsVIII. Compounds Containing Carbon To Oxygen Double BondsA. Ketones (R-C(=O)-R)1. Aliphatic and Alicyclic2. Olefinic3. Aromatic4. α-Diketones and β-DiketonesB. Aldehydes (R-C(=O)-H)C. Acid Halides (R-C(=O)-X)D. Anhydrides (R-C(=O)-O-C(=O)-R)E. Amides1. Primary (R-C(=O)-NH2)2. Secondary (R-C(=O)-NH-R)3. Tertiary (R-C(=O)-N-R2)F. Imides (R-C(=O)-NH-C(=O)-R)G. Hydrazides (R-C(=O)-NH-NH2)H. Ureas (R-NH-C(=O)-NH2)I. Hydantoins, Uracils, BarbituratesJ. Carboxylic Acids (R-C(=O)-OH)1. Aliphatic and Alicyclic2. Olefinic3. Aromatic4. Amino Acids5. Salts of Carboxylic AcidsK. Esters1. Aliphatic Esters of Aliphatic Acids2. Olefinic Esters of Aliphatic Acids3. Aliphatic Esters of Olefinic Acids4. Aromatic Esters of Aliphatic Acids5. Esters of Aromatic Acids6. Cyclic Esters (Lactones)7. Chloroformates8. Esters of Thio-Acids9. Carbamates10. Esters of Phosphorus AcidsPublished by Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Informatics Division. © 1978-2004 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. All Rights Reserved.Go to: home • ir • proton nmr • carbon nmr• mass specSaturated HydrocarbonsNormal Alkanes1. C-H stretching vibration:CH3 asymmetric stretching, 2972-2952 cm-1CH3 symmetric stretching, 2882-2862 cm-1CH2 asymmetric stretching, 2936-2916 cm-1CH2 symmetric stretching, 2863-2843 cm-12. C-H bending vibration:CH3 asymmetric bending, 1470-1430 cm-1CH2 asymmetric bending, 1485-1445 cm-1(overlaps band due to CH3 asymmetricbending)3. C-H bending vibration:CH3 symmetric bending, 1380-1365 cm-1(when CH3 is attached to a C atom)4. C-H wagging vibration:CH2 out-of-plane deformations wagging, 1307-1303 cm-1 (weak) 5. CH2 rocking vibration:(CH2)2 in-plane deformations rocking, 750-740 cm-1(CH2)3 in-plane deformations rocking, 740-730 cm-1(CH2)4 in-plane deformations rocking, 730-725 cm-1(CH2) ≥ 6 in-plane deformations rocking, 722 cm-1Splitting of the absorption band occurs in most cases (730 and 720 cm-1) when the long carbon-chain alkane is in the crystalline state (orthorombic or monoclinic form).Coming Soon!Click on a vibrational mode link in the table to the leftor the spectrum above to visualize the vibrational mode here.Published by Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Informatics Division. © 1978-2004 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. All Rights Reserved.Saturated HydrocarbonsBranched Alkanes1. C-H stretching vibration:CH3 asymmetric stretching, 2972-2952 cm-1CH3 symmetric stretching, 2882-2862 cm-1CH2 asymmetric stretching, 2936-2916 cm-1CH2 symmetric stretching, 2863-2843 cm-12. C-H bending vibration:CH3 asymmetric bending, 1470-1430 cm-1CH2 asymmetric bending, 1485-1445 cm-1(overlaps band due to CH3 symmetric bending)3. C-H bending vibration:-C-C(CH3)-C-C- symmetric bending, 1380-1365 cm-1(when CH3 is attached to a C atom)-C-C(CH3)-C(CH3)-C-C- symmetric bending, 1380-1365 cm-1(when CH3 is attached to a C atom)(CH3)2CH- symmetric bending, 1385-1380 cm-1and 1365 cm-1(two bands of about equal intensity)-C-C(CH3)2-C- symmetric bending,1385-1380 cm-1and 1365 cm-1 (two bands of about equal intensity).(CH3)3C- symmetric bending, 1395-1385 cm-1and 1365 cm-1(two bands of unequal intensity with the 1365 cm-1 band as the much stronger component of the doublet).4. Skeletal vibration:-C-C(CH3)-C-C-,1159-1151cm-1-C-C(CH3)-C(CH3)-C-C-,1130-1116 cm-1(CH3)CH-,1175-1165 cm-1 and 1170-1140 cm-1-C-C(CH3)2-C-,1192-1185 cm-1(CH3)3C-, 1255-1245 cm-1 and 1250-1200 cm-15. C-H rocking vibration:(CH2)2 in-plane deformations rocking, 750-740 cm-1(CH2)3 in-plane deformations rocking, 740-730 cm-1(CH2)4 in-plane deformations rocking, 730-725 cm-1(CH2) ≥ 6 in-plane deformations rocking, 722 cm-1Coming Soon!Click on a vibrational mode link in the table to the left or the spectrum above to visualize the vibrational modehere.Published by Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Informatics Division. © 1978-2004 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. All Rights Reserved.Saturated Hydrocarbons Cyclic AlkanesCyclopropanes1. C-H stretching vibration:ring CH 2 asymmetric stretching, 3100-3072 cm -1 ring CH 2 symmetric stretching, 3030-2995 cm -12. Ring deformation vibration:ring deformation, 1050-1000 cm -13. C-H deformation vibration: CH 2 wagging, 860-790 cm -1Cyclobutanes1. C-H stretching vibration:ring CH 2 asymmetric stretching, 3000-2974 cm -1 ring CH 2 symmetric stretching, 2925-2875 cm -12. C-H deformation vibration:ring CH 2 asymmetric bending, ca 1444 cm -13. Ring deformation vibration:ring deformation, 1000-960 cm -1 888-838 cm -14. C-H deformation vibration:ring CH 2 rocking, 950-900 cm -1Cyclopentanes1. C-H stretching vibration:ring CH 2 asymmetric stretching, 2960-2952 cm -1 ring CH 2 symmetric stretching, 2866-2853 cm -1 2. C-H deformation vibration:ring CH 2 asymmetric bending, ca 1455 cm -1 3. Ring deformation vibration:ring deformation, 1000-960 cm -1 4. C-H deformation vibration:ring CH 2rocking, 930-890 cm -1Cyclohexanes1. C-H stretching vibration:ring CH 2 asymmetric stretching, ca 2927 cm -1ring CH 2 symmetric stretching, ca 2854 cm -1 2. C-H deformation vibration:ring CH 2 asymmetric bending, ca 1462 cm -1 3. C-H deformation vibration:ring CH 2 wagging, ca 1260 cm -1 4. Ring deformation vibration:ring deformation, 1055-1000 cm -1 1000- 952 cm -1 5. C-H deformation vibration:ring CH 2 rocking, 890-860 cm -16. The spectra of cyclic alkanes of five or more ring carbons show ring CH 2 stretching frequencies which overlap those of CH 3 and CH 2 groups of their alkyl substituents. These frequencies also overlap thoseof the CH 3 and CH 2 stretching frequencies of acylic alkanes. When samples of unknown composition are examined for the presence of such ring structures, the absorption bands of their spectra at the C-H stretching region should havethe best possible resolution.Coming Soon!Click on a vibrational mode link in the table to the left or the spectrum above to visualize the vibrational modehere.Numerous references cite the spectral region of 2800-2600 cm-1 for obtainingconfirmatory evidence of the presence of saturated simple ring structures. Absorptionat this region consists of a weak band or bands whose pattern and band locations arehelpful in confirming or indicating the presence of these rings. Although such absorptionfeatures have a limited diagnostic value, it is most reliable when the absorption occursin the spectra of simple saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons.Cycloalkanes (8, 9, and 10 C atoms)1 C-H stretching vibration:ring CH2 asymmetric stretching, ca 2930 cm-1ring CH2 symmetric stretching, ca 2850 cm-12. C-H deformation vibration:ring CH2 asymmetric bending, 2 or 3 absorption bands,1487-1443 cm-1Published by Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Informatics Division. © 1978-2004 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. All Rights Reserved.Go to: home • ir • proton nmr • carbon nmr• mass specUnsaturated HydrocarbonsAcyclic AlkenesMonosubstituted Alkenes (vinyl)1. C=C stretching vibration:C=C stretching, 1648-1638 cm-12. C-H deformation vibration:trans CH wagging, 995-985 cm-1CH2 wagging, 910-905 cm-13. C-H stretching vibration:CH2 asymmetric stretching, 3092-3077 cm-1CH2 symmetric stretching and CH stretching, 3025-3012 cm-1 4. C-H deformation vibration:CH2 asymmetric bending, 1420-1412 cm-15. C-H deformation vibration overtone:overtone of CH2 wagging, 1840-1805 cm-1Asymmetric Disubstituted Alkenes (vinylidine)1. C=C stretching vibration:C=C stretching, 1661-1639 cm-12. C-H deformation vibration:CH2 wagging, 895-885 cm-13. C-H stretching vibration:CH2 stretching asymmetric, 3100-3077 cm-14. C-H deformation vibration overtone:overtone of CH2 wagging, 1792- 1775 cm-1Symmetric Disubstituted Alkenes (cis)1. C=C stretching vibration:C=C stretching, 1662- 1631 cm-12. C-H deformation vibration:cis CH wagging, 730- 650 cm-13. C-H stretching vibration:CH stretching, 3050-3000 cm-1Symmetric Disubstituted Alkenes (trans)1. C=C stretching vibration:C=C stretching, ca 1673 cm-1, very weak or absent2. C-H deformation vibration:trans CH wagging, 980-965 cm-13. C-H stretching vibration:CH stretching, 3050-3000 cm-1Trisubstituted Alkenes1. C=C stretching vibration:C=C stretching, 1692-1667 cm-12. C—H deformation vibration:C-H wagging, 840-790 cm-13. C-H stretching vibration:C-H stretching, 3050-2990 cm-1Coming Soon!Click on a vibrational mode link in the table to the left or the spectrum above to visualize the vibrational modehere.Tetrasubstituted Alkenes1. C=C stretching vibration:C=C stretching, 1680-1665 cm-1, very weak or absentNOTES: The C=C stretching vibration of molecules which maintain acenter of symmetry absorbs very weakly, if at all, in the infrared region and,usually, is difficult to detect. This is true of the trans isomers and thetetrasubstitutedC=C linkages.When two or more olefinic groups occur in the hydrocarbon molecule, the infraredabsorption spectrum shows the additive and combined absorption of theunsaturatedgroups. However, if the unsaturated groups are subject to conjugation, the C=Cstretchingfrequency, usually, is lowered and a splitting of the C=C stretching frequencyband occurs.Conjugation also intensifies the C=C stretching frequency of trans unsaturatedgroups.Published by Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Informatics Division. © 1978-2004 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. All Rights Reserved.Go to: home • ir • proton nmr • carbon nmr• mass specUnsaturated Hydrocarbons Cyclic AlkenesEndocyclic C=CEndocyclic C=C corresponds to cis symmetrically disubstituted C=C of acyclic alkenes.1. C=C stretching, vibration:C=C stretching, near 1650 cm -1(except cyclobutene, 1560 cm -1 and cyclopentene, 1611 cm -1)2. C-H deformation vibration: CH wagging, 730- 650 cm -13. C-H stretching vibration:CH stretching, 3075- 3010 cm -1(usually two bands, asymmetric stretching and symmetric stretching for 4, 6, 7, and 8 membered rings)1- substituted endocyclic C=C1- substituted endocyclic C=C corresponds to trisubstituted acyclic alkenes.1. C=C stretching vibration:C=C stretching, near 1650 cm -1 (frequency raised)2. C-H deformation vibration: CH wagging, 840-790 cm -13. C-H stretching vibration:CH stretching, near 3000 cm -11.2- disubstituted endocyclic C=C1. C=C stretching vibration:C=C stretching, 1690-1670 cm -1 (4, 5, and 6 membered rings)Exocyclic C=CH 2Exocyclic C=CH 2 corresponds to the asymmetrically disubstituted C=C of acyclic alkenes (vinylidine).1. C=C stretching,1678-1650 cm -1 (4, 5, and 6 membered rings)2. C-H deformation vibration:=CH 2 wagging, 895-885 cm -13. C-H stretching vibration:=CH 2 stretching, near 3050 cm -1NOTES: The C=C stretching frequency of both the endocyclic HC=CH and the exocyclic C=CH 2 is sensitive to ring strain. As the ring size decreases from 6 to 4 members, the C=C stretching frequency of the endocyclic HC=CH is lowered. However, for the C=C stretching frequency of exocyclic C=CH 2, a gradual increase in the C=C stretching frequency occurs as the ring gets smaller. Substitution of methyl groups for the hydrogens of the endocyclic HC=CH and the exocyclic C=CH 2 cause an increase in the C=C stretching frequency.When two or more C=C groups occur in the hydrocarbon molecule, the infrared absorption spectrum shows the additive and combined absorption effects of the unsaturated groups. If such groups are subject to conjugation, the C=C stretching frequency is lowered and asplitting of the C=C stretching frequency band occurs.Coming Soon!Click on a vibrational mode link in the table to the left or the spectrum above to visualize the vibrational modehere.Published by Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Informatics Division. © 1978-2004 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. All Rights Reserved.Unsaturated Hydrocarbons AlkynesMonosubstituted Alkynes (RC ≡CH)1. C ≡C stretching vibration:C ≡C stretching, 2140-2100 cm -12. C-H stretching vibration:≡CH bending, ca 3300 cm -13. C-H deformation vibration: ≡CH bending, 642-615 cm -14. C-H deformation vibration overtone:overtone of ≡CH deformation, 1260-1245 cm -1Disubstituted Alkynes (RC ≡CR')1. C ≡C stretching vibration:C ≡C stretching, 2260-2190 cm -1 (unconjugated)NOTES: Although the intensity of the absorption band caused bythe C ≡C stretching vibration is variable, it is strongest when the alkyne group is monosubstituted. When this group is disubstituted in open chain compounds, the intensity of the C ≡C stretching vibration band diminishesas its position in the molecule tends to establish a pseudo center of symmetry. In some instances this band is too weak to be detected and, thus, its absence in the spectrum does not, necessarily, establish proof of the absence of this linkage.Occasionally, the spectra of disubstituted alkynes show two or more bands at the C ≡C stretching region.Conjugation with olefinic double bonds or aromatic rings tend to slightly increase the intensity of the C ≡C stretching vibration band and shift it toa lower frequency.Coming Soon!Click on a vibrational mode link in the table to the left or the spectrum above to visualize the vibrational modehere.Published by Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc., Informatics Division . © 1978-2004 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. All Rights Reserved.。
常见细菌真菌中英文对照(史上最全,纯手工整理)
粘质红酵母 粘液真杆菌 粘液奈瑟球菌 粘液玫瑰单胞菌 粘性丝孢酵母 粘膜炎布兰汉球菌 粘膜弯曲杆菌 粘连鞘氨醇单胞菌 粘金黄杆菌 粘滑罗氏菌 粘滑口腔球菌 粘红酵母/红酵母 粘放线菌 粘放线菌 斋藤氏隐球菌 渣土军团菌 杂色曲霉 运动纤发菌 越南芽胞杆菌 越南伯克霍尔德菌 约氏乳杆菌 约氏黄杆菌 约氏不动杆菌 约氏不动杆菌 约翰逊类拟杆菌 约旦军团菌 猿分枝杆菌 圆红球菌 原野芽胞杆菌 原玻璃蝇短杆菌 原孢酵母菌 园球形假丝酵母（乳克鲁维酵母） 园球形假丝酵母 玉米乳杆菌 鱼发酵葡萄球菌 幼虫类芽孢杆菌 有毒威克斯菌 油橄榄癌肿假单孢菌油橄榄癌肿亚种 尤氏真杆菌珍珠亚种 幽门螺杆菌
中文名称 佐治亚克吕沃尔菌 佐氏红球菌 最小双歧杆菌 钻特省芽胞杆菌 组织普雷沃菌 自养黄色杆菌 紫色色杆菌 紫色板蓝根梭菌 紫红链霉菌 紫红红球菌 砖红色微杆菌 猪葡萄球菌 猪链球菌Ⅱ型 猪链球菌Ⅰ型 猪链球菌 猪霍乱沙门氏菌双亚利桑那亚种 猪霍乱沙门氏菌 猪霍乱沙门菌 猪红斑丹毒丝菌 猪放线杆菌 猪鼻支原体 株霍氏格里蒙菌 帚状地霉 皱褶假丝酵母 皱褶假丝酵母 皱褶假单胞菌 舟形梭杆菌 重白喉棒杆菌 肿大地杆菌 中型假食酸菌 中间耶尔森菌 中间气单胞菌 中间普雷沃菌 中间葡萄球菌 中间链球菌 中间链球菌 中间克鲁瓦氏菌 中间假丝酵母 中间肠杆菌
Bruker 可鉴定菌属/菌种/亚种名 Kluyvera georgiana Rhodococcus zopfii Bifidobacterium minimum Bacillus drentensis Prevotella histicola Xanthobacter autotrophicus Chromobacterium violaceum Clostridium isatidis Streptomyces violaceoruber B263 UFL Rhodococcus rhodochrous Microbacterium testaceum Staphylococcus hyicus Streptococcus suis II Streptococcus suis I Streptococcus suis Salmonella sp (enterica st Diarizonae) Salmonella sp (choleraesuis) Salmonella choleraesuis Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Actinobacillus suis Mycoplasma hyorhinis Grimontia hollisae Geotrichum penicillatum Candida rugosa Candida rugosa var rugosa CBS 613T CBS Pseudomonas corrugata Fusobacterium naviforme Corynebacterium diphtheriae belfanti Corynebacterium diphtheriae gravis Terrabacter tumescens Pseudacidovorax intermedius Yersinia intermedia Aeromonas media Prevotella intermedia Staphylococcus intermedius Streptococcus intermadius Streptococcus intermedius Kluyvera intermedia Candida intermedia Enterobacter intermedius
针阔叶浆品牌及英文
针叶浆：加拿大：北木好声狮牌马牌凯利浦月亮海豚和平河虹鱼海湾(Abitibi Bowater) 欧文(Irving) 绿箭（Terrace）美国：阿拉巴马河清水（波特拉齐）金佰利智利：银星太平洋俄罗斯：乌针芬兰：千湖捷克：蒙迪(Mondi)中国：金凤骏泰云景阔叶浆：巴西：金鱼鹦鹉蝴蝶智利：圣达菲明星印尼：虎牌小叶硬杂小叶相思加拿大：和平河阿尔派美国：金佰利灯塔Domtar普利茅斯卷筒俄罗斯：乌斯奇、布拉茨克斯洛伐克：榉木浆日本：三菱製紙北上（三菱制纸）韩国：东海中国：鼎丰竹木混合（海南）龙牌亚太森博桉木闺秀桉木（骏泰）本色：加拿大：乔治王子半漂乔治王子电子级本色乔治王子本色虹鱼智利：金星俄罗斯：天鹅贝加尔斯克卡特拉斯所罗门美国：沙漠BCTMP:新西兰：雪山加拿大：佳维350/70 佳维350/75 昆河Grade Name Supplier Origin英文名称中文名称厂家国家BEKP Aracruz 鹦鹉 Aracruz BrazilBahia sul 金鱼 Suzano BrazilVCP 蝴蝶 VCP BrazilSanta Fe 圣达菲(绿树） CPMC ChileJariliptus 百合花 BrazilCenibra 白龙 BrazilArauco BEKP 明星 Arauco ChileAA 双A AA ThailandPhoenix 凤凰 ThailandIWAKUNI 樱花 JapanProtucel 紫砂 PortugalLBKP IKPP 虎牌 IndonesiaKiani kertas (Euca/Acacia)KN Indonesia PT.Tel (Acacia) 绿叶 IndonesiaIP- 南方松 IP AmericaPanacell 石头 AmericaAlpac 阿尔派 CanadaBotnia 芬宝 Botnia Finland芬亚 Botnia UruguayTasmen 塔斯曼 AustraliaPeace Rriver 和平河 CanadaBratsk (MHW) 布拉茨克 Ilim Russia NBKP Howe Sound 好声 CanadaHarmac 马牌 Pope & Talbot Canada Celgar 月亮 CanadaArauco BKP 银星 Arauco ChileCariboo 凯力蒲 CanadaTembec 天柏 CanadaKamloops 虹鱼 AustraliaBowater 宝水 AmericaCascade 加适德 AmericaPotlatch 波特拉奇 AmericaCatalist 金狮 Pope & Talbot Canada Crestbrook 狮牌 Pope & Talbot Canada Alto Parana 木星 ArgentinaHinton IP 海豚 CanadaNorthwood 北木 CanadaUst 乌斯奇 Ilim RussiaBratsk 布拉茨克 Ilim RussiaPacifico 太平洋 CPMC ChileCHH 白云 Chile中长纤 White Gold 白金 AmericaTyee 戴仪 America BCTMP Millar Western 水晶 CanadaWinstone 雪山 New Zealand Quesnel River 昆河 CanadaUKP BAIKALSK UKP 贝本 Russia（BSKP=Bleached Softwood Kraft Pulp），一般依据产地及树种分类，国内习惯称之为一、二、三类浆，比较有代表性的有：一类浆：如加拿大产的虹鱼、北木、海豚、金狮等，主要是产自加拿大北部森林，树种如云杉等，纤维普遍细长坚韧，成纸强度高，多用于高档特种纸的生产，定价也基本位于针叶浆的高端，以本月为例，牌价多为$770；二类浆：如加拿大产的月亮、好声、凯利浦、马牌、狮牌等，还有欧洲的针叶浆如美森、阿诗巴等，同样多产于北部气候寒冷的地区，但树种的纤维较一类浆略有差距，主要表现在长度和强度方面，或品质不如一类浆稳定，可用于各类纸张的生产，国内也偏多于特种纸或对强度有一定要求的纸种，定价比一类浆普遍低$10，以本月为例，牌价多为$760；三类浆：以智利的银星、太平洋为代表，范围还可以扩大到俄罗斯针叶（如乌针、布针）、美国北方松（加士德、波特拉奇）、南方松（IP、沙漠）等，及其它品质或价位接近的木浆，品牌繁多，质量上基本接近二类浆或略差，产地各异，适合于多个纸种，定价相对于二类浆再低$10，以本月为例，银星牌价为$750；此外，还有一些非主流的品牌，如属于中长纤的白金、三A、戴仪等，以及一些美国的卷筒南方松，很难用哪一类去概括，但因为定价较低，也可以作为针叶浆配比使用，以求降低成本！另有一点，就是气候、地域对针叶纤维的影响，北方针叶木的成材一般要几十年，而南方针叶木最快的只要十几年，所以尽管南方松的纤维指标有时看起来比一些北方树种的纤维还要长且粗，但强度却无法比拟，可能是因为缺少了几十个寒冬的锤炼吧，所以纤维的长度和强度并不一定总是成正比的关系。
甲氧基肉桂酸乙基己酯的别名
甲氧基肉桂酸乙基己酯的别名英文回答：Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate is an organic compound that is used as a sunscreen agent. It is an ester of 4-methoxycinnamic acid and 2-ethylhexanol. It is also known by the following names:CAS Number: 5466-77-3。
Chemical Name: 2-Ethylhexyl 4-methoxycinnamate.IUPAC Name: 2-Ethylhexyl 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate.EINECS Number: 226-782-0。
Molecular Formula: C18H26O3。
Molecular Weight: 290.40 g/mol.Synonyms:2-Ethylhexyl p-methoxycinnamate.4-Methoxycinnamic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester.4-Methoxycinnamyl 2-ethylhexanoate.Octyl methoxycinnamate.Uvinul MC80。
中文回答：甲氧基肉桂酸乙基己酯是作为防晒剂的有机化合物。
它是 4-甲氧基肉桂酸和 2-乙基己醇的酯。
它也以以下名称而闻名：CAS 号，5466-77-3。
化学名称，2-乙基己基 4-甲氧基肉桂酸盐。
IUPAC 名称，2-乙基己基 3-(4-甲氧苯基)丙-2-烯酸酯。
EINECS 号，226-782-0。
分子式， C18H26O3。
分子量，290.40 g/mol.同义词：2-乙基己基对甲氧基肉桂酸酯。
4-甲氧基肉桂酸2-乙基己酯。
4-甲氧基肉桂酰基2-乙基己酯。
辛基甲氧基肉桂酸酯。
210998556_硬脂酸改性氢氧化镁及表征
【试验研究】硬脂酸改性氢氧化镁及表征欧乐明，罗 伟，冯其明，刘 琨（中南大学资源加工与生物工程学院，湖南 长沙 410083）摘要：使用硬脂酸对氢氧化镁进行表面改性，研究了改性剂用量、改性温度和改性时间等因素对氢氧化镁表面改性的影响。
在硬脂酸用量5%，改性温度70℃，改性时间90min，Mg(OH)2浆料浓度10%，转速1 000r/min的条件下制备的产品性能优良，活化指数达99.8%。
使用粒度分析、粘度分析、红外光谱和热分析对产物进行了详细的表征，结果表明：氢氧化镁经硬脂酸改性后，粒度由9.83μm降至8.73μm，在液体石蜡中的粘度较改性前明显降低，硬脂酸分子在氢氧化镁表面发生吸附键合，形成硬脂酸盐，其化学组成为9CH 3C 16H 32COOMgOH·(CH 3C 16H 32COO)2Mg。
关键词：氢氧化镁；硬脂酸；表面改性；表征中图分类号：TQ132.2 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1007-9386(2007)03-0035-04Surface Modification of Magnesium Hydroxide by Stearic Acid and CharacterizationOu Leming, Luo Wei, Feng Qiming, Liu Kun(School of Mineral Processing and Bioengineering, Central South University,Changsha 410083, China)Abstract: The surface modification of magnesium hydroxide by stearic acid was investigated. The optimal additive amount of stearic acid, reaction time and temperature were studied. The results showed that the products with excellent modification effect as well as 99.8%activation index was prepared in the conditions of 70℃, 10% Mg(OH)2, with 5% stearic acid added and stirring at 1 000/min for 90min.Particle size distribution and viscosity of the products were analyzed. Thermal analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were used to characterize the composite. It indicates that the particle size of magnesium hydroxide is reduced from 9.83μm to 8.73μm and its viscosity in atoleine is also decreased after surface modification. FT-IR and TG-DSC study show that the stearic molecules are absorbed onto the surface of magnesium hydroxide mainly by ionic bond and stearate is formed with the composition of 9CH 3C 16H 32COOMgOH ·(CH 3C 16H 32COO)2Mg.Key words: magnesium hydroxide; stearic acid; surface modification; characterization无机氢氧化物作为新型的阻燃剂，不仅拥有良好的阻燃和抑烟效果，而且具有优良的填充性能。
每日专业名词通俗解释
每⽇专业名词通俗解释2022年03⽉01⽇HSCR⽂章的⼀些科普progenitor和precursor的区别The main difference between progenitor and precursor cells is that progenitor cells are mainly multipotent cells that can differentiate into many types of cells, whereas precursor cells are unipotent cells that can only differentiate into a particular type of cells.糖酵解glycolysis糖酵解（英语：glycolysis，⼜称糖解）是把葡萄糖（C6H12O6）转化成丙酮酸（CH3COCOO− + H+）的代谢途径。
在这个过程中所释放的⾃由能被⽤于形成⾼能量化合物ATP和NADH。
糖酵解作⽤及其各种变化形式发⽣在⼏乎所有的⽣物中，⽆论是有氧和厌氧。
糖酵解的⼴泛发⽣显⽰它是最古⽼的已知的代谢途径之⼀。
糖酵解作⽤是所有⽣物细胞糖代谢过程的第⼀步。
糖酵解作⽤是⼀共有10个步骤酶促反应的确定序列。
在该过程中，⼀分⼦葡萄糖会经过⼗步酶促反应转变成两分⼦丙酮酸。
糖酵解作⽤发⽣在⼤多数⽣物体中的细胞的胞质溶胶。
脂肪酸分解Fatty acid catabolism脂肪酸的氧化作⽤發⽣在粒線體（mitochondria）內，脂肪酸必須先和ATP反應，轉變為活化的中間產物，才能與其他酵素作更進⼀步的代謝，⾧鏈的Fatty acyl-CoA不能穿過粒線體內膜進⼊粒線體基質，需藉⾁酸素（carnitine）運送機制，脂肪酸氧化(Fatty acid oxidation)。
氧化磷酸化（英语：oxidative phosphorylation，缩写作 OXPHOS）是细胞的⼀种代谢途径，该过程在真核⽣物的线粒体内膜或原核⽣物的细胞膜上发⽣，使⽤其中的酶及氧化各类营养素所释放的能量来合成三磷酸腺苷（ATP）。
美国药典USP-1478549奥美拉唑镁的msds
Material Safety Data Sheet USP Reference Standards are sold for chemical test and assay purposes only, and NOT for human consumption. The information contained herein is applicable solely to the chemical substance when used as a USP Reference Standard and does not necessarily relate to any other use of the substance described, (i.e. at different concentrations, in drug dosage forms, or in bulk quantities). USP Reference Standards are intended for use by persons having technical skill and at their own discretion and risk. This information has been developed by USP staff from sources considered reliable but has not beenindependently verified by the USP. Therefore, the USP Convention cannot guarantee the accuracy of the information in these sources nor should the statements contained herein be considered an official expression. NO REPRESENTATION OR WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE is made with respect to the information contained herein.ATTENTION !12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852 USA Phone Calls:301-816-81298 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST Mon. - Fri.OMEPRAZOLE MAGNESIUM Catalog Number:1478549Revision Date:March 20, 2007SECTION 2 - HAZARD INFORMATIONCommon Name:Omeprazole Magnesium SECTION 1 - PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATIONSECTION 3 - COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTSEMERGENCY OVERVIEW - Allergen.Adverse Effects:Adverse effects of omeprazole may include cough; nasal or ear congestion; chills, fever, or sore throat; loss of voice;runny nose; difficulty breathing; body aches or pains; heart burn, diarrhea, gas, skin rash or itching, unusual tiredness,dizziness, constipation, headache, and nausea or vomiting. Possible allergic reaction to material if inhaled, ingestedor in contact with skin.Overdose Effects:Symptoms of omeprazole overdose may include blurred vision, confusion, increased sweating, drowsiness, drymouth, flushing, headache, severe stomach pain, nausea or vomiting, and fast or irregular heartbeat.Acute:Possible eye, skin, gastrointestinal and/or respiratory tract irritation.Chronic:Possible hypersensitization.Medical Conditions Aggravated by Exposure:Hypersensitivity to the material and chronic liver disease (current or history of).Cross Sensitivity:n/fTarget Organs:Gastrointestinal tractFor additional information on toxicity, see Section 11.Common Name:Omeprazole MagnesiumFormula:C34H36MgN6O6S2Manufacturer:U. S. PharmacopeiaResponsible Party:Reference Standards Technical ServicesMailing Address:12601 Twinbrook Parkway, Rockville, MD 20852 USAPhone:301-816-8129Hours:8 a.m. to 5 p.m. EST Mon. - Fri.Product Use:USP Reference Standards and Authentic Substances are used for chemical tests and assays in analytical,clinical, pharmaceutical, and research laboratories.Synonym:n/fChemical Name:5-Methoxy-2-[[(4-methoxy-3,5-dimethyl-2-pyridinyl)methyl]sulfinyl]-1H-benzimidazole, magnesium salt (2:1) CAS:95382-33-5RTECS Number:n/fChemical Family:Substituted benzimidazoleTherapeutic Category:Gastric acid secretory depressantComposition:Pure MaterialSECTION 4 - FIRST AID MEASURESInhalation:May cause irritation. Avoid inhalation. Remove to fresh air.Eye:May cause irritation. Avoid contact. Flush with copious quantities of water for at least 15 minutes.Skin:May cause irritation and sensitization. Avoid contact. Flush with copious quantities of soap and water.Ingestion:May cause irritation. Flush out mouth with water.General First Aid Procedures:Remove from exposure. Remove contaminated clothing. Persons developing serious hypersensitivity(anaphylactic) reactions must receive immediate medical attention. If person is not breathing giveartificial respiration. If breathing is difficult give oxygen. Obtain medical attention.Note to PhysiciansOverdose Treatment:Treatment of omeprazole overdose should be symptomatic and supportive and may include the following:1. Administer activated charcoal as a slurry.2. Sinus tachydysrhythmias do not need to be routinely treated unless patient is hemodynamically unstable.3. Omeprazole is not readily dialyzable. [Meditext 2007 & USP DI 2007]SECTION 5 - FIREFIGHTING MEASURESExtinguisher Media:Water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide or foam as appropriate for surrounding fire and materials.Fire and Explosion Hazards:This material is assumed to be combustible. As with all dry powders it is advisable to ground mechanical equipment in contact with dry material to dissipate the potential buildup of static electricity.Firefighting Procedures:As with all fires, evacuate personnel to a safe area. Firefighters should use self-contained breathingequipment and protective clothing.SECTION 6 - ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURESSpill Response:Wear approved respiratory protection, chemically compatible gloves and protective clothing. Wipe up spillage or collect spillage using a high efficiency vacuum cleaner. Avoid breathing dust. Place spillage in appropriately labeledcontainer for disposal. Wash spill site.SECTION 7 - HANDLING AND STORAGEHandling:As a general rule, when handling USP Reference Standards avoid all contact and inhalation of dust, mists, and/or vapors associated with the material. Wash thoroughly after handling.Storage:Store in tight, light-resistant container as defined in the USP-NF. This material should be handled and stored per label instructions to ensure product integrity. Store in a refrigerator.SECTION 8 - EXPOSURE CONTROL / PERSONAL PROTECTIONEngineering Controls:Engineering controls such as exhaust ventilation are recommended.Respiratory Protection:Use a NIOSH-approved respirator, if it is determined to be necessary by an industrial hygiene surveyinvolving air monitoring. In the event that a respirator is not required, an approved dust mask should be used. Gloves:Chemically compatibleEye Protection:Safety glasses or gogglesProtective Clothing:Protect exposed skin.Exposure Limits:Industry: 0.5 mg/m3 (omeprazole)SECTION 9 - PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIESProperties as indicated on the MSDS are general and not necessarily specific to the USP Reference Standard Lot provided. Appearance and Odor:White to almost white crystalline powderOdor Threshold:n/fpH:Approximately 10.5 (aqueous suspension)Melting Range:n/fBoiling Point:n/fFlash Point:n/fAutoignition Temperature:n/fEvaporation Rate:n/fUpper Flammability Limit:n/fLower Flammability Limit:n/fVapor Pressure:n/fVapor Density:n/fSpecific Gravity:n/fSolubility in Water:Very slightly solubleFat Solubility:n/fOther Solubility:Soluble in methanolPartition Coefficient: n-octanol/water:n/fPercent Volatile:n/fReactivity in Water:n/fExplosive Properties:n/fOxidizing Properties:n/fFormula:C34H36MgN6O6S2Molecular Weight:713.12Oral Rat:LD50: >2000 mg/kgOral Mouse:n/fNTP:No IARC:No OSHA:NoListed as a Carcinogen by: Irritancy Data:n/f SECTION 11 - TOXICOLOGICAL PROPERTIESOther Toxicity Data:n/fCorrosivity:n/f Sensitization Data:Omeprazole is a strong sensitizer in guinea pigs. (Guinea pig maximization test)Other Carcinogenicity Data:No evidence of carcinogenicity was found in mice orally administered up to 140 mg/kg/day omeprazolefor 66 weeks. In two 2-year studies in rats, omeprazole given in doses up to 140.8 mg/kg/day causedgastric carcinoid tumors and enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell hyperplasia in a dose-dependent manner in both males and females.Mutagenicity Data:Omeprazole produced clastogenic effects in an in vitro human lymphocyte chromosomal aberration assay, in oneof two in vivo mouse micronucleus tests, and in an in vivo bone marrow cell chromosomal aberration assay. Omeprazole was negative in the in vitro Ames Salmonella typhimurium assay, an in vitro mouse lymphoma cell forward mutation assay, and an in vivo rat liver DNA damage assay.Reproductive and Developmental Effects:Sporadic instances of developmental abnormalities in infants born to women who receivedomeprazole during pregnancy have been reported. Epidemiological studies have not foundan association between the use of omeprazole during pregnancy and an increased risk ofbirth defects.Omeprazole did not impair fertility in rats at parenteral doses of up to 138 mg/kg/day. Nobirth defects were seen in pregnant rabbits and rats administered omeprazole in doses up to69 mg/kg/day and 138 mg/kg/day, respectively.In rabbits, 6.9 - 69.1 mg/kg/day omeprazole produced dose-related increases in embryo-lethality, fetal resorptions, and pregnancy disruption. In rats, dose-related embryo/fetaltoxicity and post natal developmental toxicity were observed in the rat offspring of parentstreated with 13.8 - 138 mg/kg/day.SECTION 12 - ECOLOGICAL INFORMATIONEcological Information:Omeprazole sodium, a related compound, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment andis not readily biodegradable.SECTION 13 - DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONSDisposal:Dispose of waste in accordance with all applicable Federal, State and local laws.SECTION 14 -TRANSPORT INFORMATIONShipping Name:n/fClass:n/f Stable?Yes Conditions to Avoid:Avoid exposure to light.Incompatibilities:n/fDecomposition Products:When heated to decomposition material emits toxic fumes of SOx and NOx. Emits toxic fumes under fireconditions.Hazardous Polymerization?No SECTION 10 - STABILITY AND REACTIVITYUN Number:n/fPacking Group:n/fAdditional Transport Information:n/fSECTION 15 - REGULATORY INFORMATION U.S. Regulatory Information:n/fInternational Regulatory Information:Risk Phrases: R43, R52/53Safety Phrases: S37, S61SECTION 16 - OTHER INFORMATIONRevision:20-Mar-07Previous Revision Date:05-Feb-07。
中科院SCI分区目录
刊名简称 J AM CHEM SOC ANGEW CHEM INT EDIT ANAL CHEM CHEM REV ACCOUNTS CHEM RES COORDIN CHEM REV CHEM SOC REV ANNU REV PHYS CHEM PROG POLYM SCI TOP CURR CHEM ADV POLYM SCI SURF SCI REP CATAL REV CURR OPIN COLLOID IN ADV CATAL ADV ORGANOMET CHEM PROG SOLID STATE CH ALDRICHIM ACTA J ORG CHEM MACROMOLECULES CHEM COMMUN INORG CHEM J PHYS CHEM B LANGMUIR J CHROMATOGR A ORGANOMETALLICS DALTON T J CATAL ORG LETT CHEM-EUR J ELECTROPHORESIS J COMPUT CHEM CARBON RAPID COMMUN MASS SP CHEM RES TOXICOL J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM APPL CATAL B-ENVIRON MACROMOL RAPID COMM J AM SOC MASS SPECTR J PHYS CHEM REF DATA FARADAY DISCUSS J MASS SPECTROM ADV COLLOID INTERFAC BIOMACROMOLECULES TRAC-TREND ANAL CHEM ELECTROCHEM COMMUN J BIOL INORG CHEM ADV SYNTH CATAL ADV INORG CHEM CHEMPHYSCHEM GREEN CHEM J COMB CHEM PROG SURF SCI CRYST GROWTH DES
利用超临界CO2萃取法提取西藏白花杜鹃花中活性成分及GC-MS初步分析
利用超临界co 2萃取法提取西藏白花杜鹃花中活性成分及GC-MS 初步分析杜鹃属植物化学主要成分为土荆芥油素、异土 荆芥油素、O 皮素、山奈素、金丝桃貳、红色素、谷k吴金措姆1,四郎玉珍1,班 旦1,格桑卓嘎1,郝宝成2,拉巴次旦1*(1.西藏自治区农牧科学院畜牧0医研究所，西藏拉萨850000；2.中国农业科学院兰r 畜牧与0药研究所，甘' 兰r 730050)摘要:确定超'界CO,萃取西藏白花杜鹃花的最［工艺条件和初步鉴定其提取物的化V©分。
以提取率为UT 指标，利用正交试©对西藏白花杜鹃花超 '界C02萃取有效©分条件进行了 ［化，采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(gas chromatgraphy-mass spec trometry , GC-MS )分析了萃取物的化V©分。
结果表明，超 '界C02萃取西藏白花杜鹃花的最［提取工艺为开花期白花杜鹃的花粉碎为200目、萃取压力25 MPa 、萃取温度为40 T 、反应时间2.5 h,GC-MS 检测分离出24种含量较高的化合物。
由此可得，经与质谱谱图数据库比对，初步鉴定主要为烷D 及其含CB 生物(62.32 %J 、A 和@(8.09 %J 、？(4.87 %■)等化合物，其中含有提高机体免疫力和抗肿瘤作用的98A (1量达4.79 %J 等药用活性©分，具有很好的研究开发前景。
关键词:白花杜鹃；超'界CO,萃取法；化V©分;GC-MS 中图分类号:R284. 1 ； R285文献标识码:ASupercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction for Flowers ofRhododendron mucronatum (Blume )G. Don and Preliminary Analysis of Chemical Composition by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)Wujincuomu 1 , SilangyuzheJ , Bandon 1 , Gesangzhuog^1 , HAO Bao-cheng 2 , Labacid^n 1 *(1. Institute of Animal Science and Veterinary, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences , Tibet Lhasa 850000 , Chi na ； 2. Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Sciences of Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences , Gansu Lanzhou 730050,China )Abstract : The present paper aimed to determine the optimal extraction process of the flowers of Rhododendron mucronatum ( Blume ) G.Don ,and preliminarily identify and analyze the main chemical components of the extract. Taking the extraction rate as the evaluation index,the flowers of Rhododendron mucronatum ( Blume ) G. Don were extracted with supercritical carbon dioxide by orthogonal optimization meth od. The chemical components of the extract were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry ( GC-MS ) . Results showed that the opti mum conditions for supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of the flowers of Rhododendron mucronatum ( Blume ) G. Don were as follows :crushing into 200 mesh , extraction pressure 25 MPa , extraction temperature 40 弋,reaction time 2. 5 hours. 24 compounds with high con tent were detected and separated by GC-MS. To conclude , compared with the mass spectrum database, supercritical carbon dioxidextractionfor the flowers of Rhododendron mucronatum ( Blume ) G. Don was mainly composed of Alkanes and their oxygen-containing derivatives (62.32 % ), alkenes and alcohols (8.09 %■ ) , esters (4. 87 %■ ) , etc.Key words : Rhododendron mucronatum- (Blume ) G. Don ； Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction ； Chemical composition ； Gas chromatogra phy mass spectrometry ( GC-MS)醇等。
mgso4
mgso4MgSO4: A Comprehensive OverviewIntroduction:MgSO4, also known as magnesium sulfate, is a chemical compound that is widely used in both medical and industrial applications. This versatile compound has many uses and is available in various forms, including powders, crystals, and solutions. In this document, we will explore the uses, properties, production methods, and safety considerations associated with MgSO4.Chemical Composition and Properties:MgSO4 is a combination of magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), and oxygen (O). It has a molecular weight of 120.37 g/mol. The compound exists in various hydrate forms, including anhydrous MgSO4 (without water), monohydrateMgSO4·H2O, heptahydrate MgSO4·7H2O, and Epsom salt MgSO4·7H2O. The crystal structure of MgS O4 is monoclinic.Production Methods:MgSO4 can be produced through several methods. One common method involves reacting magnesium oxide (MgO)or magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) with sulfuric acid(H2SO4). Another method involves treating magnesium chloride (MgCl2) with sulfuric acid. The reaction between these compounds yields magnesium sulfate and other byproducts.Medical Uses:In the medical field, MgSO4 is commonly used as an intravenous medication for various conditions. It is utilized to prevent and treat magnesium deficiency, reduce high blood pressure during pregnancy, and prevent seizures in conditions like eclampsia. MgSO4 is also used as a laxative and can aid in the relief of constipation. In addition, it has anti-inflammatory properties and is used in some topical creams and ointments.Industrial Uses:MgSO4 finds numerous applications in various industries. In agriculture, it is used as a fertilizer to provide essential nutrients like magnesium and sulfur to crops. The compound is also employed in the manufacturing of paper, textiles, ceramics, and fireproofing materials. Furthermore, it is used as a drying agent in organic synthesis and as an electrolyte in lead-acid batteries.Safety Considerations:While MgSO4 is generally considered safe when used under appropriate conditions, there are some safety considerations to keep in mind. Ingestion of large amounts of MgSO4 can cause diarrhea, abdominal pain, and dehydration. High intravenous doses can lead to side effects such as flushing, sweating, and heart rhythm abnormalities. It is important to use MgSO4 only under medical supervision and at recommended dosages.Storage and Handling:MgSO4 should be stored in a cool, dry place and kept away from moisture and incompatible substances. It is important to handle the compound with proper protective equipment, including gloves and safety goggles, to avoid direct contact with the skin and eyes. In case of accidental contact or ingestion, immediate medical attention should be sought.Conclusion:MgSO4, or magnesium sulfate, is a versatile compound that finds widespread use in medicine and industry. Whether in hydrate or anhydrous form, it showcases various properties and applications. From medical uses such as countering magnesium deficiency to industrial applications in agriculture and chemical synthesis, MgSO4 continues to play a vital rolein numerous fields. However, it is important to note the safety precautions and guidelines associated with its usage to ensure its effective and safe application.。
时间社会学分析
社会学中的时间介绍关于时间的争论与观点本书的主要目的是提出“时间化”社会学框架。
广义地讲，就是一个与结构的共时研究不同，以历时分析和过程（从新事物和连续性角度）为方法论原则的研究课题。
我将暂时使用这个简化的定义以进行阐述，以后再进一步详细说明我所提出的时间社会学。
本阶段，特别提到时间研究向来与马克思和黑格尔的某个观点相关，偶尔也在微观和中间层面与现象学或存在主义现实观相关，这一点意义重大。
然而，下面要提出的研究几乎没有受到任何来自这些思想领域的激发。
在这方面，我并不怀疑马克思主义辩证法、胡塞尔或海德格尔的成果。
然而，我将提出的观点与他们的观点截然不同，更接近于米德的时间观和社会观。
首先，我要说明到底什么才是建立在历时性和过程基础上的研究。
因此我将对时间观进行分类，然后再对它们进行进一步的拓展。
这有助于阐明我的主张并强调其与其他观点的区别。
我只区分那些对我当前课题具有应用价值的时间观，不探讨其他时间理论。
我的分类围绕两个轴线进行：一个是“共时性与历时性”，另一个是“不变性与可变性”。
针对现实的各种理论和观点将根据这个标准来分类：即共时分析是否足以揭示主要的秩序原则，这些秩序原则是否随时间的变迁而变迁（如果认为有必要进行历时分析）。
这样一来就区分了三种时间观（以及一个次级类型）：1第一种时间观是在假设基本秩序原则不变的基础上进行的。
这些原则在时间（假定空间不变）和空间（假定时间不变）上呈现自我，我称之为“永恒置换时间观”（eternal permutational conception of time），指那些由柏拉图和巴门尼德创立的古希腊无时间观念中的历史根源。
根据其观点，观察到的时间变迁只是永恒规则的不完美“置换”或“结合”。
2人们认为巴门尼德是提出“无时间永恒”观点的人，他是最早区分由理性得到的永恒规则世界和可以感知的现象世界的哲学1以下的区分表明了与埃尔查德斯（Elchardus）的“反思几何”时间观（′reflective geometrical‵conception of time）和“互动历史”时间观（an ′interactive historical‵one）之间的区分的相似之处, 并且部分地是以该区分为基础的, 见Elchardus, M., ′Het sociale substraat van de tijd‵, Tijdschrift voor sociologie 6 (1985), pp. 332-336 (pp. 317-353). 尽管在表述和定义上存在一些差异, 我认为我所称的永恒置换世界观类似于埃尔查德斯的“反思几何”时间观。