小学英语语法大全(完整版)教学文案
(完整版)小学英语语法大全经典全面
小学英语语法大全经典全面第1讲字母1、英语中共有26个字母。
Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu是元音字母,Yy是半元音字母,其余是辅音字母。
英语单词就是由这26个字母组合而成的。
Aa和Ii可以独立成词,分别表示“一个(张……)”和“我”的意思,Ii翻译成“我”时要大写。
2、英语字母可以分为印刷体和书写体。
在书、报、杂志上见到的一般都是印刷体。
在四线三格上书写时应注意书写位置,可以记住以下口诀:大写字母不顶格,小写字母占满格。
书写时还要注意字母的笔顺。
3、英语句子的第一个单词的首字母要大写。
单词与单词之间在书写时必须保持适当的距离,一般以空出一个小写字母的宽度为宜。
句子的末尾要有标点符号。
4、英语中的句号是一个实心圆点(.),省略号是三个居下的实心圆点(…),英语中没有顿号和书名号,顿号用逗号替代,书名用斜体字表示。
5、英语缩写词PRC中华人民共和国 UN 联合国 WHO 世界卫生组织 NBA美国职业篮球联赛 KFC 肯德基 IT 信息技术 EQ 情商 CCTV 中国中央电视台 kg 千克 a.m. 上午 USA 美国 HK 香港 WTO 世界贸易组织 CBA 中国男子篮球联赛 ATM 自动柜员机 ID 身份证 CPU 中央处理器 BBC 英国广播公司 cm 厘米 p.m. 下午6、 26个英语字母按照相同的元音因素进行归类:/ eɪ / Aa Hh Jj Kk/ i: / Ee Bb Cc Dd Gg Pp Tt Vv (Zz) / aɪ / Ii Yy /ǝʊ / Oo/ju:/ Uu Qq Ww/ e / Ff Ll Mm Nn Ss Xx Zz /ɑ: /Rr第2讲语音1、音素:语音的最小单位。
英语中共有48个音素,其中元音音素20个,辅音音素28个。
元音单元音 /i:/,/ɪ/,/ɜ:/,/ə/,/ɑ:/,/ /,/ɔ:/,/ɒ/,/u:/,/ʊ/,/e/,/æ/双元音 /eɪ /,/aɪ/,/ɔɪ/,/əʊ/,/aʊ/,/ɪǝ/,/eə/,/ʊə/辅音清辅音 /p/,/t/,/k/,/t /,/tr/,/ts/,/f/,/θ/,/s/,/∫/,/h/浊辅音/b/,/d/,/g/,/dʒ/,/dr/,/dz/,/V/,/ð/,/z/,/ʒ/,/r/,/m/,/n/,/ŋ/,/l/,/w/,/j/2、元音:发音时气流不受阻碍。
小学英语语法大全(完整版)(可打印)
小学英语语法大全第一章名词一、定义名词是表示人或事物名称的词。
它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。
二、分类1. 名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词如:john is a studentstudent是普通名词,john是专有名词普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写。
2. 普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。
3. 专有名词专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。
三、名词的数1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词——可以数的名词不可数名词——数不清(没有复数)drink?milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridgefood?rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式many+可数名词复数much/a little+不可数名词some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。
3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰不可数名词数词 +量词 +of + 名词对可数名词的数量提问用how many对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:1) some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。
注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。
如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。
小学英语语法大全(完整下载)
小学英语语法大全第一章名词一、定义名词是表示人或事物名称的词。
它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。
二、分类1. 名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词如:john is a studentstudent是普通名词,john是专有名词普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写。
2. 普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。
3. 专有名词专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。
三、名词的数1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词——可以数的名词不可数名词——数不清(没有复数)drink?milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridgefood?rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式many+可数名词复数much/a little+不可数名词some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。
3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰不可数名词数词+量词+of + 名词对可数名词的数量提问用how many对不可数名词的数量提问用how much4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:1)some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。
注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。
如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。
小学英语语法大全【完整版】教学文案
小学英语语法大全第一章名词一、定义名词是表示人或事物名称的词。
它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。
二、分类1. 名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词如:John is a student .student是普通名词,john是专有名词普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写。
2. 普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。
3. 专有名词专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。
三、名词的数1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名次:可以数的名词不可数名词——数不清(没有复数)drink?milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridgefood?rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式many+可数名词复数much/a little+不可数名词some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。
3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰不可数名词数词 +量词 +of + 名词对可数名词的数量提问用how many对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:1) some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。
注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。
如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。
人教版小学英语语法--时态总结(一般现在时,一般过去式,现在进行时,一般将来时)教学文案
Listen, sheis singing.------Is she singing?
I am reading books now.-----Are you reading books now?(人称互换)
2、各时态问题解题技巧
①一般现在时
如果句中出现,usually,often,every等词时,该句子则为一般现在时态。做题时注意,如果主语是第三人称单数,则动词相应的改成第三人称单数就可以。主语是非第三人称单数,动词则不变。
带有行为动词的句子,改为一般疑问句方法:
Do/Does+人+动词(原型)+其他部分:
例题:Ivisitedmy grandmotherlast weekend.
Theyboughta new bike10 days ago.
Hewasillyesterday.
改为一般疑问句:Did +人+动词(原型)+其他?
③现在进行时
如果句中出现,look,listen,now等词(看,XX正在做某事;听,XX正在做某事;现在,XX正在做某事)。
现行进行时的句型:be+doing
(be动词的选用:I用am,he,she,it用is,其他单数人称用is,复数用are,you用are)
改为一般疑问句:Be+人+doing?(一二人称互换I--You,We-You,)
例题:Heis runningnow.--------Is he running now?
Theyoftenplayfootball after dinner.———Do theyoftenplay football after dinner?
新版小学英语语法大全【完整版】.pdf
小学英语语法大全第一章名词一、定义名词是表示人或事物名称的词。
它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。
二、分类1. 名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词如:john is a studentstudent是普通名词,john是专有名词普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写。
2. 普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。
3. 专有名词专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。
三、名词的数1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词——可以数的名词不可数名词——数不清(没有复数)drink?milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridgefood?rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式many+可数名词复数much/a little+不可数名词some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。
3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰不可数名词数词 +量词 +of + 名词对可数名词的数量提问用how many对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:1) some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。
注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lotsof ,most of 等。
如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。
(完整版)小学英语语法总结全集
(完整版)小学英语语法总结全集小学英语语法总结全集小学英语语法汇总(一)可数名词与别可数名词“分家”一、可数名词与别可数名词的区不一般名词所表示的人或事物是能够按个数计算的,这类名词叫可数名词。
可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体,如worker, farmer, desk, fact ory等)和集体名词(表示作为一具整体来看的一群人或一些事物,如people,fa mily 等)。
假如一般名词所表示的事物是别能按个数来计算的,这类名词就叫别可数名词。
别可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质,如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、事情、品质等抽象概念,如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。
二、可数名词的家务事可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。
指一具人或一件事物时,用单数形式;指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。
名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下: 1. 普通的名词词尾直截了当加-s 。
如:book → books room → roomshouse → houses day → days2. 以s,ss, ch,sh, x 结尾的名词,在词尾加-es 。
如:bus → buses glass → glasseswatch → watchesdish → dishes box → boxes3. 以"辅音字母+y"结尾的名词,要先将y改为i再加-es。
如:city → cities body → bodiesfactory → factories等等。
4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词,要将f或fe改为v再加-es。
如:half → halves leaf → leavesknife → knives wife → wives5. 特例[悄悄话:特例常常考,要记住。
小学英语语法大全
小学英语语法大全(一)一、名词复数规则1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches 3.以“辅音字母y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries4.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives Leaf——leaves5.不规则名词复数:man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,child-children foot-feet, tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese二、一般现在时一般现在时基本用法介绍【No. 1】一般现在时的功能1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。
如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。
如:I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。
如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
一般现在时的构成1. be动词:主语be(am,is,are) 其它。
如: I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词:主语行为动词( 其它)。
如: We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。
如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
小学英语语法大全(完整版)(可打印)
小学英语语法大全第一章名词一、定义名词是表示人或事物名称的词。
它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。
二、分类1. 名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词如:john is a studentstudent是普通名词,john是专有名词普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写。
2. 普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。
3. 专有名词专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。
三、名词的数1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词——可以数的名词不可数名词——数不清(没有复数)drink?milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridgefood?rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式many+可数名词复数much/a little+不可数名词some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。
3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰不可数名词数词 +量词 +of + 名词对可数名词的数量提问用how many对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:1) some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。
注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。
如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。
小学英语语法大全(完整版)
小学英语语法大全第一章名词一、定义名词是表示人或事物名称的词。
它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。
二、分类1. 名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词如:john is a studentstudent是普通名词,john是专有名词普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写。
2. 普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。
3. 专有名词专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。
三、名词的数1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词——可以数的名词不可数名词——数不清(没有复数)drink?milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridgefood?rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式many+可数名词复数much/a little+不可数名词some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。
3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰不可数名词数词 +量词 +of + 名词对可数名词的数量提问用how many对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:1) some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。
注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。
如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。
小学英语语法大全(完整版)
小学英语语法大全(完整版)小学英语语法大全第一章:名词一、定义名词是用来表示人或事物名称的词语。
它可以表示具体的事物,也可以表示抽象的概念。
二、分类1.名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词。
例如,john是一个学生,其中student是普通名词,而john是专有名词。
普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an,定冠词the或不加冠词,而专有名词前一般不加冠词。
另外,专有名词的首字母要大写。
2.普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词。
其中,个体名词和集体名词是可数名词,而物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。
3.专有名词专有名词是用来表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多数情况下是独一无二的。
三、名词的数1、名词可以分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词——可以数的名词不可数名词——数不清(没有复数形式)例如:drink(饮料)、milk(牛奶)、tea(茶)、water (水)、orange juice(橙汁)、coke(可乐)、coffee(咖啡)、porridge(粥)、food(食物)、rice(米饭)、bread(面包)、meat(肉类)、fish(鱼)、fruit(水果)、cake (蛋糕)、dumplings(饺子)2、可数名词可以与不定冠词a/an连用,有复数形式。
而不可数名词不能与不定冠词连用,也没有复数形式。
在修饰可数名词时,可以直接使用数词。
而在修饰不可数名词时,需要使用量词。
例如:many+可数名词复数;不可数名词用much/alittle+some/any/a lot of3、不可数名词的数量可以用以下两种方式表示:第一种方式是使用等量词,例如:some、much、a little、a lot of、a bit of、plenty of等。
注意,有些词既可以与可数名词复数连用,也可以与不可数名词连用,例如:plenty of、some、a lot of、lots of、等等。
小学英语语法大全完整版
小学英语语法大全第一章名词1、名词可以根据意义分为普通名词与专有名词如:john is a studentstudent就是普通名词,john就是专有名词普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词得首字母要大写。
2、普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词与抽象名词,其中个体名词与集体名词就是可数名词,物质名词与抽象名称就是不可数名词。
3、专有名词专有名词就是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等得专有名词,多为独一无二得事物。
三、名词得数1、名词分为可数名词与不可数名词。
可数名词——可以数得名词不可数名词——数不清(没有复数)drink?milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridgefood?rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式many+可数名词复数much/a little+不可数名词some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。
3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰不可数名词数词+量词+of + 名词对可数名词得数量提问用how many对不可数名词得数量提问用how much4、不可数名词得量有以下两种表示方法:1) some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。
注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用得有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。
如there is much water in the bottle 、瓶中有很多水。
i'll tell you much good news、我要告诉您许多好消息。
(推荐)小学英语语法大全-经典全面
小学英语语法大全经典全面第1讲字母1、英语中共有26个字母。
Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu是元音字母,Yy是半元音字母,其余是辅音字母。
英语单词就是由这26个字母组合而成的。
Aa和Ii可以独立成词,分别表示“一个(张……)”和“我”的意思,Ii翻译成“我”时要大写。
2、英语字母可以分为印刷体和书写体。
在书、报、杂志上见到的一般都是印刷体。
在四线三格上书写时应注意书写位置,可以记住以下口诀:大写字母不顶格,小写字母占满格。
书写时还要注意字母的笔顺。
3、英语句子的第一个单词的首字母要大写。
单词与单词之间在书写时必须保持适当的距离,一般以空出一个小写字母的宽度为宜。
句子的末尾要有标点符号。
4、英语中的句号是一个实心圆点(.),省略号是三个居下的实心圆点(…),英语中没有顿号和书名号,顿号用逗号替代,书名用斜体字表示。
5、英语缩写词PRC中华人民共和国UN 联合国WHO 世界卫生组织NBA美国职业篮球联赛KFC 肯德基IT 信息技术EQ 情商CCTV 中国中央电视台kg 千克 a.m. 上午 USA 美国 HK 香港WTO 世界贸易组织 CBA 中国男子篮球联赛 ATM 自动柜员机 ID 身份证CPU 中央处理器 BBC 英国广播公司 cm 厘米 p.m. 下午 UK 英国SOS 国际求救信号 UFO 不明飞行物 VIP 贵宾EMS 邮政特快专递 IQ 智商 RMB 人民币 VOA 美国之音 No. 号码6、 26个英语字母按照相同的元音因素进行归类:第2讲 语音1、音素:语音的最小单位。
2、元音:发音时气流不受阻碍。
元音分为单元音和双元音两类。
单元音发音时唇形和舌位不变;双元音发音时由一个元音向另一个元音滑动,唇形和舌位有一个变化过程,且前重后轻,前长后短。
3、辅音:发音时气流受到阻碍。
辅音分为清辅音和浊辅音两类。
清辅音发音时声带不振动;浊辅音发音时声带振动。
4、音标:用来记录音素的符号。
为了避免与字母混淆,音标被放在斜括号/ /内。
小学英语语法全英教案
小学英语语法全英教案【篇一:全英文英语教案模板】lesson plannsefc module2 unit reading in teacher:period:period1 type:readingduration: 45minutesteaching ideologythe current theory view reading as a interactive process which involves not only the printed page but also the reader’s old knowledge of the language in general, the world and the text types. in the reading process, these factors interact with each other and compensate for each other. based on the understanding of reading as an interactive process, teaching reading in the classroom is divided into three stages in which the top-down and bottom-up techniques integrated to develop the students language efficiency in general and reading strategies. the three stages are pre-reading, while-reading and post-reading.teaching material and learning conditionthe analysis of teaching materialthe teaching material is the reading part from nsefc module2 unit. the topic of this unit is . this passage mainly introduces the passage consists of paragraphs. the first paragraph is a general introduction of the . para.2 to para.4 introduces . the last paragraph tells about . the topic is not new to the ss. but there is some new words and phases in the passage.the analysis of learning conditionthe students are from grade1 in senior high school. as high school students, they have achieved certain english level and they have the ability to get the basic idea of the reading. since they are in grade1, they are easily activated and want to air their own opinions on the topic. they are familiar with the topic of and know some. but they may not know before. moreover, their vocabulary is limited so they may have difficulties in understanding some sentences.learning objectives1. language skills? at the beginning of the class, ss can predict the content of the passage based on the title. ? ss can scan the passage and find out the specific information such as the person related with? ss can summarize the passage with the help of the clues of the passage.2. language knowledge? ss can master the key words and phrases of the passage as follows, . ? ss can learn , especially3. affects? ss will realize that and they will concern themselves with the issue of4. cultural awareness? ss will broaden their minds by knowing something about5. learning strategies? ss will cultivate their ability individual learning and cooperative learning by doing someactivities independently and some in groups.? ss will communicate with each other in english while doing the group work.language difficultiesfocuses and anticipatedlanguage focusesthis is a reading period so the focus is to cultivate the students’ reading skills. the many activities are designed to help ss to train their reading skills, such as predicting, skimming, scanning and summarizing.it is also important for the ss to master the new words and phrases.anticipated difficultiesas the ss have a limited vocabulary, so they may have some difficulties in understanding the passage. so the teacher will help them learn the new words and phrases.ss may did not heard before, so the teacher will tell them some background knowledge about it.teaching methodthree-stage model: based on the understanding of reading as an interactive process, teaching reading in the classroom is divided into three stages in which the top-down and bottom-up techniques integrated to develop the students languageefficiency in general and reading strategies. the three stages are pre-reading, while-reading and post-reading.teaching aidsmultimedia devices and ppt documents: in order to help ss to fully understand the whole passage, i adopt multimedia devices and ppt documents to bring the real-life situation into the classroom.teaching proceduresstep1. lead-in (6min)activity1. greetings and free-talking (2min)t leads into the topic by asking ss some they know. ss tell the name of the they know freely.t: hello boys and girls. (ss say hello to the teacher.)t: when we say , what appears in your minds? (ss tell the things appear in their minds freely.) t: what are the ? (ss tell some names of .)activity2. picture-talking (4min)t shows some pictures about the in china and abroad. after seeing the pictures, ss are expected to tell the similarities of them.t: just now, you talk about some in china. now, let’s see some pictures of some . (t shows the pictures and ss see them carefully.)t: what do the have in common?for example, they are very precious. what are your opinions?(t gives them some hints and ss tell the characteristics of )[aims]? in this step, t first leads in the topic by talking with the ss freely about the whichis familiar to them and then ss see some pictures and tell the characteristics. these two activities aim to arouse the ss’ interests in the topic and activate their old knowledge of . then ss will be mentally prepared for the reading comprehension. what’s more,when they are talking about the charateristics of, they will realize that theare rare and precious and they will concern themselves with the issue of .step2. pre-reading (3min)activity1. knowing something about (1min)t gives a brief introduction of the. ss will know the t: today, we are going to learn . it is . do you know what is? (t shows some pictures ofand ss get to know the .)activity2. predicting (2min)t asks ss to read the title of the passage and then ask them some questions. ss will predict the content of the passage with the help of the title.t: please look at the title “”, what does “” mean?(if the ss can not give the answer, then t explain it.)t: in search means that people are looking for it. why are people looking for it? can you guess? what will the passage talk about?(ss predict the content, but t will not give the answer here.)[aims]in this step, the ss first know some information of the ; the background information will make it easier for the ss to understand the passage. then t asks ss to make predictions about the passage. it aims to help ss develop the reading skills of predicting.step3. while-reading (22min)activity1. skimming (4min)ss skim the whole passage and find out and check their predictions. t: why are people still ? here is a multiple choice for you.activity2. scanning (3min)t presents several true or false statements and asks the ss to scan the passage and judge the right from the wrong.(keys: F,F,T,T,F)activity3 close-reading (15min)t designs various kinds of activities and ss do the activities to fully understand the passage. para.1t: please read para.1 carefully and then take some note about the .para.2-4please read para.2-4 carefully and then find out the removal of the room.please read para.2-4 carefully and then find out the person related with the amber room and the things them down with it. para.5please read para.5 carefully and then find out the the rebuilding of the amber room.【篇二:小学三年级英语教学设计(全英文版)】say open your books.point to the page“welcome to english”.what’s your known?listen and learn an english song:teaching aims of unit 1:1. grasp the new words: pencil-box eraser pencil bookruler bag crayon pen sharpener2. grasp the main sentences: hello! i’m?./ hi! i’m?.what’s your name? my name is?.goodbye./ bye. /see you.and get the students to use these sentences to communicate with each other.3. grasp the tpr activities in the part of “let’s do”.try to say these phrases and respond the actions correctly.5. learn to the part of “let’s chant”. understand the meaning of the chant and try to grasp the patterns “i have?.” and “ me too”.7. enable the students to understand the story in the part of “story time”. try to read and retell the story.lesson 1: a: let’s talk let’s playlesson 2: a: let’s learnlet’s dolesson 3: a: let’s makec: culturelet’s singlesson 4: b: let’s talk let’s playlesson 5: b: let’s learnlet’s do let’s singlesson 6: b: let’s check let’s chantc: story timelesson 1teaching aims:1.try to make a self-introduction with the pattern “ i’m?”.2.learn to use hello, hi, goodbye and bye to communicate with others.3.learn to sing a song: hellopreparation: recorder and tape.steps:(1). warm-up listen to the song: hello.(2). presentationa. teacher shows and introduces a new friend: a bear. “hello. i’m teddy. youcan call me teddy bear. ” goes to the pupils seat and greets to them, shakethe hands.b. ask pupils to practice this dialogue and later ask some pairs come to thefront to act.(3). presentationa. listen to the song: hello and pass a toy. if a child get the toy when thesong is stopping, he(she) say: hello(hi)! i’m?b. some children who haven’t got the toy stand up and introduce himself(herself):hello(hi)! i’m?(4). practiceteacher change the voice and make up like wear a pair of glasses. then teacher goes with teddy bear into the classroom, greets to one pupil with the dialogue above, and at last adds up a sentence: goodbye! practice and act the conversation in groups. then asks some groups to act it.(5). add-activitiesa. listen and read after the tape, imitate the tape.b. find a group of friends to make the conversation.lesson 2teaching aims:1. grasp the new words: pencil, crayon, eraser, ruler, pen and phrases: a pencil, a crayon, an eraser, a ruler, a pen.2. respond the tp r activities “show me your?”quickly and correctly. *try to use this phrase.*3. learn to say“i have a/an?” substitute the pattern with five new words. preparation:a. a teddy bearb. tape and recorderc. a pencil-box with a pen, a pencil, a ruler, an eraser, a crayon. steps:(1). warm-up/reviewa. listen to the song: hello.b. greets to pupils with: hello/hi. and hug them or shake hands.c. make a conversation like last lesson.(2). presentationa. show a pencil-box. let children guess : what is it in the pencil-box?(in chinese) then introduces to everybody like: yes! pencil. i have a pencil.b. use this form, let pupils guess and learn the words: pencil, pen, ruler, eraser, crayon.(3). practicea. game:say what is it in your pencil-box.-- i have a pen.b. teddy bear asks: what’s this in english? pupils say: eraser. do as this.(4). let’s doa. listen to the tape and teacher do it first t show the means.b. asks pupils to follow teacher to do it and say if they can.c. do it after tape like:-- show me your pencil. -- my pencil.(5). assessmentplay a bingo game with those words: crayon, pencil, eraser, ? lesson 3teaching aims:1.try to make a name card.2. enable the students to know some knowledge about teachers’ day and encourage them to say happy teachers’ day to other teachers.3. learn to sing a song: happy teachers’ day*4. make a teacher’s card and present the teacher you like.preparation:a. tape and recorderb. a name cardsteps:(1). warm-up/reviewa. listen to the song: happy teachers’ dayb. do it: show me your?(2). practicea. shows pupils a name card and asks pupils how can we make the name card.b. told pupils how can they make the name card in english.c. pupils make it by themselves and say how does he(she) make it in english.(3). enable the students to know some knowledge about teachers’ day: when isteachers’ day and encourage them to say happy teachers’ day to otherteachers.*make a teacher’s card and present the teacher you like. (4). let’s sing: happy teachers’ daylisten and sing the song.lesson 4teaching aims:1. get the students to grasp the sentences: what’s your name? my name is?.2. learn to use the phrase see you to express goodbye and try to use the word:welcome.3. practice and make dialogues about self-introduction.preparation:tape and recordersteps:(1). warm-up/ reviewa. sing the song: happy teachers’ dayb. make a greeting to each other.(2). presentationa. listen to the tape and then asks them what they heard.b. point to the name in a pupil’s book so that lets pupils know what’s meanof this sentence.c. asks pupils to practice this dialogue and later ask some pairs come to thefront to act.(3). practicemake a conversation, connect the texts in part a. (4). main picture back to the main picture, point and find what they are talking. then hand out the sortition paper to pupils. pupils get it and find what picture it is. and them imitate those visualizes, make a conversation according to the main picture: hello! i’m sarah. what’s your name? my name’s chen jie. goodbye! bye, miss white!(5). add-activities listen and read after tape and make the dialogue.lesson 5teaching aims:1.grasp the new words: bag, pencil-case, book, sharpener, school and the phrasesabag, a pencil-case, a book, a sharpener.2.respond the tpr activities quickly and correctly.*try to say “open/ close/ carry/ your ?”and “go to school”.*3.substitute the pattern “ i have a?”. learn to say and use the sentence “metoo!”.4.learn to sing a song: hellopreparation:a. tape and recorderb. a pencil-case, a bag, a book, a sharpener steps:(1). warm-up/reviewa. sing a song: happy teache rs’ dayb. do it (part a – lesson 2)(2). presentationa. let children guess: what is it?then introduces to everybody like: yes! bag. i have a bag.b. use this form, let pupils guess and learn the words: bag, book, pencil-case, sharpener, school.(3). practicea. asks: what’s this in english? pupils say: sharpener. do as this.b. game:say what is it?-- i have a bag. --me too!(4). let’s doa. listen to the tape and teacher do it first t show the means.b. asks pupils to follow teacher to do it and say if they can.c. guess and learn the word: school.(5). learn to sing a song: hello(6). assessmentplay a bingo game with those words: crayon, pencil, eraser, pen, ruler, bag, book, pencil-case, sharpener.lesson 6teaching aims:1. exercise in the part of “let’s check”.2. learn to say the part of “let’s chant”. perform it and replace it in theproper place.3. listen and watch a story about zip zoom. try to understand the meaning andtry to retell the story.4.review the new songs in the unit.preparation:a. tape and recorderb. some pictures for sortitionsteps:(1). warm-upa. sing a song: hellob. greet to each other.c. do it. (part b – lesson 2)(2). practicea. let’s chant.listen first and understand the means. then chant in pairs and act it.chant it together.b. let’s check.listen the tape and do it.(3). story timea. do as me: teacher do an action and pupils do the same and say it.b. when pupils finish saying, teddy bear and squirrel go into the classroom andact that story. those two pupils were teached yesterday by teacher.c. asks everyone to talking like the story showing.d. asks two to practice the dialogue. and then act it.(4). let’s sing: hello【篇三:小学英语语法教学设计】?? 小学英语语法教学设计小学低年级英语教学主要培养孩子学习英语的兴趣,注重课堂设计的真实性和实践性,因此在课堂教学中不能就语法而讲语法,对语法的教学应注重课堂活动和情景的创设,主要从以下几个方面来设计。
英语语法教学方法(精选3篇)
英语语法教学方法英语语法教学方法(精选3篇)语法教学中通过创设教学交际活动情景,可以使语法教学变得真实,内容丰富,而且有助于教师与学生在学习中进行积极的互动,能够促使全体学生都得到操练的机会,下面小编给大家分享英语语法教学方法,希望能够帮助大家!英语语法教学方法(篇1)一、词性的分类词类又叫词性,英语单词根据其在句子中的功用,可以分成十个大类。
1.名词 noun n. student 学生2.代词 pronoun pron. you 你3.形容词 adjective adj. happy 高兴的4.副词 adverb adv. quickly 迅速地5.动词 verb v. cut 砍、割6.数词 numeral num. three 三7.冠词 article art. a 一个8.介词 preposition prep. at 在...9.连词 conjunction conj. and 和10.感叹词 interjection interj. oh 哦前六类叫实词,后四类叫虚词。
二、代词代词pronoun简称pron是代替名词的一种词类。
大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。
英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种人称代词的用法:I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她。
(her做宾语,them做介词宾语,her作主补)a. -- Who broke the vase?--谁打碎了花瓶?b. -- Me.--我。
(me作主语补语= It’s me.)并列人称代词的排列顺序1) 单数人称代词并列作主语时,其顺序为:第二人称 -> 第三人称 -> 第一人称you -> he/she; it -> I2) 复数人称代词作主语时,其顺序为:第一人称 -> 第二人称 -> 第三人称we->you ->They英语语法教学方法(篇2)1.归纳法归纳法是指让学生先接触含有某项语法规则的语言材料,在教师引导下观察、分析例句特点,形成一定程度的感性认识,进而对材料进行加工,总结归纳出语法规则,这是由实践到理论的体现,其优点是调动学生的思维活动,发挥他们学习的积极性和主动性。
小学的英语语法大全经典全面
小学英语语法大全经典全面第1讲字母第2讲语音第3讲名词第4讲冠词第5讲代词第6讲形容词第7讲副词第8讲介词第9讲数词第10讲连词第11讲动词第12讲一般现在时第13讲现在进行时第14讲一般过去时第15讲一般将来时第16讲句法第17讲听力第18讲话题第19讲构词法第20讲英美文化常识p.2p.3p.4~5 p.6p.7~8 p.9p.9p.10~11 p.12 p.13 p.14 p.15 p.16 p.17 p.18 p.19~20 p.21 p.22~24 p.25 p.26第1讲字母1、英语中共有26个字母。
Aa,Ee,Ii,Oo,Uu是元音字母,Yy是半元音字母,其余是辅音字母。
英语单词就是由这26个字母组合而成的。
Aa和Ii可以独立成词,分别表示“一个(张……)”和“我”的意思,Ii翻译成“我”时要大写。
2、英语字母可以分为印刷体和书写体。
在书、报、杂志上见到的一般都是印刷体。
在四线三格上书写时应注意书写位置,可以记住以下口诀:大写字母不顶格,小写字母占满格。
书写时还要注意字母的笔顺。
3、英语句子的第一个单词的首字母要大写。
单词与单词之间在书写时必须保持适当的距离,一般以空出一个小写字母的宽度为宜。
句子的末尾要有标点符号。
4、英语中的句号是一个实心圆点(.),省略号是三个居下的实心圆点(…),英语中没有顿号和书名号,顿号用逗号替代,书名用斜体字表示。
5、英语缩写词PRC中华人民共和国UN 联合国WHO 世界卫生组织NBA美国职业篮球联赛KFC 肯德基IT 信息技术EQ 情商CCTV 中国中央电视台kg 千克a.m. 上午USA 美国HK 香港WTO 世界贸易组织CBA 中国男子篮球联赛ATM 自动柜员机ID 身份证CPU 中央处理器BBC 英国广播公司cm 厘米p.m. 下午UK 英国SOS 国际求救信号UFO 不明飞行物VIP 贵宾EMS邮政特快专递IQ 智商RMB 人民币VOA 美国之音No. 号码6、 26个英语字母按照相同的元音因素进行归类:第2讲语音1、音素:语音的最小单位。
(完整)小学英语语法
小学英语语法一、肯定句变否定句的规则二、动词过去式变化规则三、英语动词第三人称单数变化规则四、特殊疑问句是怎么构成的?五、肯定句改一般疑问句的方法——三步法六、陈述句变一般疑问句的规则一、肯定句变否定句的规则肯定句改否定句的方法先观察句中是否有BE动词和情态动词,1、、如果有be 动词,在be 动词后加not 即可。
如:is not ,are not ,am not ,was not ,were not ;2、如果有情态动词,在can, should , will等后加not。
如: cannot ,should not ,will not ;3、如果上述都没有的,在动词前加助动词否定形式don’ t/doesn’ t/ didn ’ t 。
注意:肯定句改成否定句时,some 改成any。
:、动词过去式变化规则一、规则变化1、一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed , 如:work —worked play —played want —wanted ask—asked talk —talked2、以不发音的-e 结尾动词,动词词尾加-d , 如:live —lived move—moved taste —tasted3、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,把y改成i,加一ed,如:study —studies try —tried copy—copied carry —carried 4、重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加—ed, 如:stop —stopped二、不规则变化go—went meet—met come—camesteal —stole see —saw stand —stood give —gaveeat —ate flysay —saidsit —satring —rang—fliewmake—madesing —sangswim —swamrun —ranfind —founddrink —drankwrite —wrotedrive —drove draw —drew grow —grewforget —forgotspeak —spokesweep —sweptbreak —is am—was are —were do—didhave has —hadtake —tookride —rodeknow—knew keep —get —got sleep —broketell —told sell —sold buy —bought think —thoughtcatch —caught teach —taught build —built shall —should will —would过去式与动词原形一样:play4、[t][d] 后面读[id] want needcan —couldlet —let must—must put —put read —read 三、动词过去式构成读音1、清辅音后读清辅音[t] 如:jump2、浊辅音后读浊辅音[d] 如:listen3、元音后面读浊辅音后面读浊辅音[d] (元音后面读浊音)like pull如:water三、英语动词第三人称单数变化规则一般现在时的肯定句中,主语为第三人称单数的动词变化主要体现在词尾的变化上,其规律为:规则原形第三人称单数形式1、一般情况下,直接在动词词尾+s 如:get take play getstakes plays2、以s, x, sh, ch, o 结尾的动词,在词尾+ es guess fix finish teach go 和do guesses fixes finishes teaches goes和does3、以辅音字母+ y 结尾的动词,先把y 变为i ,再加es study try fly carry worry studies tries flies carriesworries4、不规则动词(特殊情况)have behas is1、变否定句:含有动词第三人称单数形式的句子变否定句时,要在动词前面加上doesn’t或does not,动词的第三人称单数形式要还原成原形:格式为doesn’ t/does not + 动词原形,如:He goes to school at six in the morning. (变否定句)fHe doesn't go to school at six in the morning.2、变一般疑问句:把含有动词第三人称单数形式的变成一般疑问句时,要借用助动词does,如:She goes home at five everyday. fDoes she go home at five every day? 一Yes, shedoes./No, she doesn ’ t.哪些主语是第三人称单数?1、人称代词he, she, it ;如:He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。
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小学英语语法大全第一章名词一、定义名词是表示人或事物名称的词。
它既可以表示具体的东西,也可以是表示抽象的东西。
二、分类1. 名词可以根据意义分为普通名词和专有名词如:john is a studentstudent是普通名词,john是专有名词普通名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词,专有名词前一般不加冠词,专有名词的首字母要大写。
2. 普通名词又可以分为个体名词、集体名词、物质名词和抽象名词,其中个体名词与集体名词是可数名词,物质名词和抽象名称是不可数名词。
3. 专有名词专有名词是表示人名、地名、团体、机构、组织等的专有名词,多为独一无二的事物。
三、名词的数1、名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词——可以数的名词不可数名词——数不清(没有复数)drink?milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridgefood?rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用有数数形式,不可数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用,没有复数形式many+可数名词复数much/a little+不可数名词some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以修饰。
3、可数名词可以直接用数词来修饰不可数名词数词 +量词 +of + 名词对可数名词的数量提问用how many对不可数名词的数量提问用 how much4、不可数名词的量有以下两种表示方法:1) some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等表示多少。
注意既可以与可数名词复数,又可以与不可数名词连用的有:plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。
如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有很多水。
I'll tell you much good news.我要告诉你许多好消息。
we should collect some useful information我们应该收集一些有用的消息。
2)用单位词表示。
用a ... of 表示。
如 a cup of (一杯......),a bottle of (一瓶......)a piece of (一张......),a pair of shoes(一双鞋)如two cups of tea(两杯茶),five pieces of paper(五张纸)注意单位词后的动词单复数形式往往取决于单位词的单复数形式;千、百等数词与名词加用,表示复数时,数词仍保持单数,名词变复数。
如two hundred students(200名学生)ten thousand trees(10000棵树)测试点he caught a lot of fish他抓到了许多鱼(此处为许多条鱼,fish的复数仍为fish 或fishes)=he caught a lot of fishes.The paper is about some fresh-water fishes.这篇论文是有关几种淡水鱼的。
(此处fish 表示不同种类的鱼,加复数词尾-es)5、可数名词分为单数和复数。
名词单数就是该词本身,在其前面加a或an。
1)单数如a desk(一张桌子)an old desk(一张旧书桌)2)复数:要表示一个以上概念时,要用名词复数形式规则变化1)一般情况下加-s如book--books(书)desk--desks(书桌)2)以s ,x ,ch , sh结尾加-es如box--boxes(盒子)bus--buses(公共汽车)注意①以 th 结尾加-s, month--months②stomach--stomachs3)以辅音字母+结尾,变y为i再加- es。
如city--cities(城市) country--countries(国家)注意以元音+y,直接加s。
如:day--days(天),boy--boys(男孩)4)以f或fe结尾,复数变f或 fe 为v再加-es如knife-knives(书) , half-halves(一半)(thief ,wife ,life ,shelf ,knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf)注意①有少数词后直接加s,如roof-roofs (屋顶)5)以o结尾(1)辅音字母加o结尾名词的加-es如tomato-tomatoes(西红杮)potato-potatoes(土豆)(2) 元音字母加o结尾名词的加-s如piano-pianos (钢琴), zoo-zoos(动物园)photo-photos (照片), kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠)kilo-kilos(千克)注意zero 两种方式都可:zero-zeros或 zeroes(零)不规则变化1) 元音字母发生变化。
如man--men(男人) , woman--women(妇女)tooth--teeth(牙齿) , foot--feet(脚)mouse--mice(老鼠) , policeman--policemen(警察)policewoman--policewomen(女警察)2) 词尾发生变化。
如child--children(小孩) , ox--oxen(公牛)3) 单、复数形式相同。
如fish--fish(鱼) ,sheep--sheep(绵羊) ,deer--deer(鹿) ,chinese--chinese(中国人) ,yuan--yuan(元) ,jinn--jinn(斤)注意不说an english,要说an englishman.①fish作鱼肉讲时不可数,没有复数。
②fishes指各种不同种类鱼或指几条鱼。
4) 形似单数,实为复数意义。
如people(人,人们)these people(不说a people,可说a person)police(公安,警察)ten police(不说a police,可说a policeman)5) 由man和woman构成的合成名词,变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。
如a man driver-men drivers(男司机)a woman doctor-women doctors (女医生)6) 合成名词变为复数时,通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数。
如passer-by-passers-by(过路人)bus driver-bus drivers(汽车司机)注意如果没有主体名词,就在最后一词上加-s。
如:grown-up-grown-ups(成年人)letter-box-letter-boxes (信箱)注意①hair和fruit通常作单数,表示总体。
若表示若干根头发或若干种水果,则需用这两个词的复数形式。
如Would you like some more fruit? 你要不要再吃点水果?We bought a lot of fruit from the market. 我们从市场上买了许多水果,China has some good frits. 中国有一些好的水果。
(指种类)She has a few white hairs. 她有几要白头发。
His black hair is going white. 他的黑发逐渐变成灰白色。
注意②wind ,snow和rain这类词,有时也可以有复数形式,表示多次的风、雪或雨。
注意以boy 和girl开头的复合名词变成复数时,一般只把后一名词变成复数。
如 boy student-boy students(男学生)girlfriend--girlfriends(女朋友)7) 有些名词只有作复数。
如scissors(剪刀)a pair of scissors(一把剪刀)trousers(裤子)shorts(短裤)jeans(工装裤)compasses(两脚规)scales(天平)sunglasses(太阳镜)surroundings(环境)savings(储蓄)writings(作品)名词+man(woman)构成的复合名词,其复数形式通常与简单名词一样,即把man(woman)改成men(women)。
如englishman--englishmen(英国人)frenchwoman--frenchwomen(法国妇女)注意german不是复合词,它的复数是germans。
四、名词的所有格有些名词的可以加来表示所有关系,带这种词尾的名词的形式称为该名词的所有格。
如mary's father(玛丽的父亲)jim's mother(吉姆的母亲)与所有格相对来看,不带这种词尾的形式就称为普通格。
1.名词所有格的构成法1)单数名词词尾加's复数名词词尾如没有s,也要加's。
如tom's knife(汤姆的小刀)children's books(儿童书籍)2)表示几个人共有一样东西,只需在最后一个人名字后加,如果表示各自所有,则需在各个名字后加。
如jim and mike's room吉姆和麦克(共用)的房间jim's and mike's rooms吉姆和麦克(各自)的房间3)若名词已有复数词尾-s,只加"'"即可。
如the students' reading-room(学生阅览室)Everyone needs to have at least eight hours' sleep a night. 每个人每晚需要至少8小时的睡眠。
(新目标英语九年级)注意①所有格的读音和名词复数的读音一样。
②名词所有格主要用于表示有生命东西(特别是人或高级动物)的名词。
如This is a woman's work. 这是女人干的工作。
This is a girls' school. 这是一所女子学校。
4)以-s结尾的专有名词,构成所有格仍然加's,或只加',但读音都是/iz/。
如 mr jones's(mr jones')book(琼斯先生的书)keats' works(济慈的作品)(1)表示时间和距离的名词。
如Where is today's newspaper? 今天的报纸在哪儿?An hour's walk isn't far. 一小时的路程不远。
(1) 有些无生命东西的名词,如国家,城市季节,太阳,月亮,大地,江河,海洋,船等名词也可用's,表示所有关系。