vowel
vowels
Exercises P37-39 The Closing Diphthongs
Exercise 1:
No.13 No.14 No.15
No.16 No.17
[eI] tape bay name spade vague
[əu] toe boat nose spoke vote
[aI] tie buy night spy vice
An initial classification will divide the speech sounds in English into two broad categories: vowels and consonants. Here are two definitions of vowels:
monophthongs：单元音 ['mɔnəfθɔŋ]
① ② ③ ④
As in the production of vowels the air stream meets with no obstruction. Vowels are differentiated by the following factors: the position of the tongue the openness of the mouth the shape of the lips the length of the vowels
u & u:
P22
higher
ɔ: lower
ɔ &ɔ:
P21 P20
ɔ lowest æ & ɑ: ɑ:
Exercises P22-24 The Back Vowels
Exercise 1: Exercise 2: Exercise 3: Exercise 4: Exercise 5:
Unit 7 Vowel Diphthongs-2011
绕口令口腔肌肉练习
There is pie in my eye. Will I cry? Will I die? Though I am shy. I will not lie. It might cause a sty, but I deny that I will die or cry from the pie in my eye. 我眼里掉进了一点饼。我会哭呢？还是会死？尽 管我害羞，我也不会说谎。它也许会导致麦粒肿， 但是我不会死，也不会哭，只不过我眼里掉进了 一点饼。
what’s the pronunciation of “says”?
a – place [pleis] 地方 same [seim] 相同的 （开音节） ay – say [sei] 说 clay [klei] 粘土 ai – praise [preiz] 表扬 mermaid [`mə: meid] 美人鱼 eigh – weight [weit] 重量 eight [eit] 八
句子一口气快读练习
Don’t loiter on noisy city streets. 不要在喧闹的城 市街头闲逛。 Tory can’t find his toy. 特洛伊找不到他的玩具了。 Boil the fish; then broil it. 先把鱼煮熟了，然后 再烤。 The other boys joined in the noise. 其他的男孩 也加入这嘈杂之中。 He appointed Roy to buy some oil. 他指派罗伊 去买一些油。
句子一口气快读练习
1 The color of the bicycle is white and black. 这辆自行车的颜 色是黑白相间的。 2 She died last night. 她昨晚去世了。 3 Prices are sky-high these days. 这些天物价极高。 4 I like this idea. 我喜欢这个主意。 5 She lied to the guide. 她对导游说了谎话。 6 This child doesn’t like his life. 这个孩子不喜欢他的生活。 7 She is fighting shy of seeing his eyes. 她回避着他的眼睛。 8 My wife likes the life in the countryside. 我妻子喜欢乡村生 活。 9 The plane is flying high in the blue sky. 飞机在高高的蓝天 上飞翔。 10 He is trying to swim with the tides. 他试着随波逐流。
元音字母
元音元音又称母音，是音素的一种，与辅音相对，是在发音过程中由气流通过口腔而不受阻碍发出的音。
元音图定义元音(vowel)yuányīn元音，又称母音，是音素的一种，与辅音相对。
元音是在发音过程中由气流通过口腔而不受阻碍发出的音。
发音时从肺部呼出的气流通过起共鸣器作用的口腔，阻力极小并无摩擦声音的语音。
尽管在一般情况下发元音时声带都振动，但也可使声带不振动，发成清音或耳语音。
从发音语音学的观点看，元音按舌面和双唇的部位分类，但有时也按空气是否自由通过鼻腔来分类。
高元音发音时舌面拱起，紧靠口腔顶部。
低元音发音时舌的部位相对地低平，开口度比高元音稍大。
中元音发音时舌的位置处于中间状态。
高、中、低元音也按前后列分类。
发前元音时舌的最高部位移向口腔前部并稍许拱起。
后元音发音时舌后部向软腭抬起。
唇的位置和形状是元音分类的第三个标准。
半元音的发音方法与元音相同。
但常被视为辅音；y awn（打呵欠）中的y音，walk(步行)中的w音是半元音。
发音方式发音时从肺部呼出的气流通过起共鸣器作用的口腔，阻力极小并无摩擦声音的语音。
尽管在一般情况下发元音时声带都振动，但也可使声带不振动，发成清音或耳语音。
从发音语音学的观点看，元音按舌面和双唇的部位分类，但有时也按空气是否自由通过鼻腔来分类。
高元音发音时舌面拱起，紧靠口腔顶部。
低元音发音时舌的部位相对地低平，开口度比高元音稍大。
中元音发音时舌的位置处于中间状态。
高、中、低元音也按前后列分类。
发前元音时舌的最高部位移向口腔前部并稍许拱起。
后元音发音时舌后部向软腭抬起。
唇的位置和形状是元音分类的第三个标准。
半元音的发音方法与元音相同。
但常被视为辅音；yawn（打呵欠）中的y音，walk(步行)中的w音是半元音。
发元音时，气流从肺部通过声门冲击声带，使声带发出均匀震动，然后震音气流不受阻碍的通过口腔、鼻腔，通过舌、唇的调节而发出不同的声音。
发元音时声带振动，因此属于浊音。
英语学科知识与能力考试重点
英语学科知识与教学能力预测一、语音知识1.元音vowel[i:] high front tense unrounded vowel[І] high front lax unrounded vowel[u:] high back tense rounded vowel[ʊ]即[u] high back lax rounded vowel[З:]或[ə:] central tense unrounded vowel[ə] central lax unrounded vowel[e] mid-high front lax unrounded vowel[æ] low front lax unrounded vowel[Λ] mid-low back lax unrounded vowel[ɔ:] mid-low back tense rounded vowel[ɒ] low back lax rounded vowel[ɑ:] low back tense unrounded vowel双元音Diphthongs [eI] [aI] [ɔI] [əʊ] [aʊ] [Iə] [eə] [ʊə]A double movement produces 三元音Triphthong例如：tower中[aʊə]【答案】D。
解析：本题考查时态。
四个选项中都有连词and连接两个时态，因此前后必须相互搭配，而ABC三项的前后两种时态搭配不当，因此选择D，现在完成时和将来时。
本句意思是：作为一名公民Marsha意识到并且会一直明白自己的道德义务。
2. Potential subjects should be informed of the research and _____ an opportunity to decide if they want to participate.A. gaveB. givingC. giveD. be given【答案】D。
vowel
元音的分类单素音前元音[I] [iy] [ɛ] [æ]中元音[ə] [ʌ]后元音[a] כ]] [uw] [u]双元音[aI] [ey][aw][o][כy]前元音（1）[I] [iy]辨识：①[I]短[iy]长②[I]松[iy]紧③[I]舌位低于[iy]eat itseen sinheat hitleap lipsteal stillfeet fitheater hitterleave livefeel fillIs bin hit did chin livePin if sit pig kiss dig Sin listen zip kick lick fishFix tin hill kill in ship Simple kid kitchen bill which singleThin ill this dip rinse king Eat neat weak feet seek sheCheese be these deep cream teaRead speak clean heel wheat meMean it Keep fit. Beat it▲Please keep these streets clean.▲We eat meat, peas, beans and cheese for three meals.▲Lily lives in a big city.▲The kid will fix his little ship in a minute.▲It is these things that lead him here.▲Will Mrs.Smith need these big sheets?前元音（2）[ɛ] [æ]辨析：1. [æ]大[ɛ]小2. [æ]后[ɛ]前bed---badpet---patleg---lagbet---batled---laddead---dadvery---varyBeth---bathAny else dress said eggrest went fetch dead very Penny letter gem edge petAnd dance map that handBat plan can jam fat Last chance fast rat man Stamp mad pad aunt ran She helps Mary sell seashells.Ben got mad when hearing the bad news.I have seven yellow jackets.That is not what Jack has expected.Has the bad man been arrested?中元音[ə] [ʌ]在美语中这两个音位非常接近。
音标课IPA 单元音Vowel
/i:/ /ɪ/
/i:/ 舌抵下齿，双唇扁平作微笑状，发“一”之长音。 字母ea、e
e、ey、ie、或ei在单词中的发音，此音是长元音，一定注意 把音发足。
he these me Chinese bee green tree
/i:/ /ɪ/
/ɪ/ /ɪ/舌抵下齿，双唇扁平分开，牙床近于全舌，发短促之“一”
/ɑ:/
/ʌ/
/ɔ:/ /ɒ/
/ɔ:/ 双唇界于开闭、圆唇之间，牙床半开渐至全开，舌尖卷上再过渡 为卷后。 是字母o、al、or、oar、our或oor在单词中的发音 doo/ 双唇稍微向外突出圆形，舌后升起，舌尖不触下齿，发“噢” 音, 是字母o在单词中的发音 pot dog cock box
/ɔ:/ /ɒ/
区分/ɔ:/ 和/ɒ/的发音 box clock water caught doctor saw job wrong not talk ball
/ɔ:/
/ɒ/
/ɜ:/ /ə/
/з:/ 舌上抬，唇成自然状态，口半开半闭，发“厄”之长音。 是字母er、ir、or或ur在单词中的发音 bird girl nurse skirt
/æ / /e/
区分/æ / 和/e/ 的发音 have check letter map sentence traffic many said read back Jam
/æ /
/e/
音标君 未完待续
音。是字母i或y在单词中的发音，发此音要短促而轻快。
fish big drink sit milk swim pig six
/i:/ /ɪ/
区分/i:/ 和 /ɪ/的发音 big busy dinner give green in listen meet office people pizza please repeat six tea three
Vowel
He field deep sea see speak ceiling 1) eat read sleep sheep 2）three seats sweet peas green trees clean teeth ice cream flying bee 3) tea and cheese neat and clean 4） Would you like coffee or tea? Tea, please.
Handsome is as handsome does. Stupid is as stupid does. Mary and Amy ran back together to gather the black hat and the black bag. Pen pan Men man Bread brad
1）pen pin peg pig desk disc bell bill 2) never forget a correct answer your best friend step by step attend a lecture excellent memory mend the dress
You are kidding. Zip your lips. Silly Billy! A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.
3./e/ 发音时，舌端抵下齿，前舌抬起，但抬得 不如/i:/高。上下齿之间大约可容纳一个食 指尖的距离,距离不大，发音时轻松。 Bet bat bite 词辨音 Letter theatre eleven may ever often Wink desk floor edge Letter eleven ever desk edge
史上最全的英语连读规则一网打尽
史上最全的英语连读规则一网打尽英语连读是英语语音的一种特殊现象，指的是在连续的两个单词中，前一个词的结束音与后一个词的开头音发生连接的发音方式。
它是英语语音特色的一部分，对于英语口语的流利度和自然度非常重要。
以下是一些常见的英语连读规则：1. 辅音+元音连读（Consonant + Vowel Linking）当一个以辅音结尾的单词后面紧跟一个以元音开头的单词时，通常会将这两个单词的辅音和元音连接起来。
例如：- "can I" （ækənaɪ）- "not again"（nɒðəgen）- "good idea"（ɡʊdaɪˈdɪə）2. 元音+元音连读（Vowel + Vowel Linking）当两个单词之间存在两个元音时，通常会将这两个元音连读，使其成为连续的音。
例如：- "I am" （aɪjæm）- "go out"（ɡoʊaʊt）- "try it"（traɪɪt）3. 浊化（Assimilation）当一个以清辅音结尾的单词后面紧跟一个以辅音开头的单词时，清辅音（如/p/,/t/,/k/等）通常会变成其相应的浊辅音（如/b/,/d/,/ɡ/等）。
例如：- "cup of tea"（kʌbəvˈtiː）- "that guy"（ðæɡaɪ）- "big dog"（bɪdoɡ）4. 借音（Epenthesis）当一个以元音结尾的单词后面紧跟一个以辅音开头的单词时，在这两个单词之间通常会插入一个短促的/i/音（schwa）。
例如：- "crazy idea"（kreɪziˈaɪdiə）- "my old"（maɪoʊld）5. 弱元音免略（Weak Vowel Deletion）在一些情况下，一个单词中的弱元音（如/i/,/ə/）可能会被省略掉，使得两个单词的发音更加流畅。
vowels
英美音差异 英音中的/uː/与美音中的/u/对应。 在英音中，当/uː/出现在/t/，/d/，/s/和/n/ 之后时，多在/uː/前加上半元音/j/,读作 /juː/。如：tune /tjuːn/ due /djuː/ suit /sjuːt/ new /njuː/ 在美音中，当/u/出现在/t/，/d/，/s/和/n/之 后时，一般不加半元音/j/。如：tune /tun/ due /du/ suit /sut/ new /nu/。
发音方法:
Step one: 舌尖轻抵下 齿； Step two: 舌前部抬高， 但不接触硬腭； Step three: 上下齿间 约能放下一根中指。
发音特征： 音质短促清晰。 发音时，嘴唇、下颌的肌肉及整个口腔都 处于放松状态。
发音方法:
Step one:舌尖轻抵下 齿； Step two: 舌前部抬高， 舌高略低于/e/; Step three:嘴的开口 度比/e/大，上下齿之 间约能放下一根食指 加一根中指；
发音方法 step one:舌位有 向/ə/快速滑动，由高 到低； step two：不到/ə/的 舌位，发音就结束； step three：唇形由略 圆到扁平自然。
的特点
发 时，下颌肌肉和口腔一直处于放松 状态。
英美音的差异
英音中的
与美音中的/ur/对应， 但二者音质不同。 英音 发音时不卷舌；美音/ur/发 音时卷舌。
发音方法:
step one: 舌尖离开下齿； step two：舌的后部抬高， 舌位明显高于/ɔ/； step three: 嘴的开口度比 /ɔ/小得多； step four：双唇收得比/ɔ/ 圆，且向前突出。
元音vowelppt(新编简明英语语言学)
[i:] [ɜ:] [u:]
[ɪ] [ə] [ʊ]
[e] [ʌ]
[æ] [a]
If it is the central part of the tongue that is held highest, the vowels are called central vowels, include:
Then if we raise the back of the tongue higher than the rest of it , the vowels called back vowels,include:
Now let's see the monophthongs（单元音）.
Vowel sounds are differenced by a number of factors ： (1) the position of the tongue in the mouth
(front central back)
“ Vowels are modifications of the voice-sound that involve no closure,friction,or contact of the tongue or lips.”
(Bloomfield） “A vowel is defined as a voiced sound in forming which the air issues in a continuous stream through the pharynx and mouth , there being no audible frction.” (Jones)
[i:] [ɪ] [e] [æ] [a] [ɜ:] [ə] [ʌ]
vowel glides名词解释
Vowel glides是语音学中的一个术语，指的是在语音中发音时，元音音素之间的滑动过渡。
在发音过程中，元音之间不是简单地从一个音素跳转到另一个音素，而是通过一种滑动的方式进行过渡。
这种音素过渡以一种流畅而连贯的方式来进行，使得语音听起来更加自然和地道。
在语音学中，元音音素是指在发音过程中舌头不接触任何口腔部位，声音通过开放的口腔传出的音素。
元音音素在语言中起着非常重要的作用，因为它们往往是单词或音节中的核心部分。
而元音音素之间的过渡，则是决定了发音流利程度的关键因素之一。
在英语中，单词“boy”中的/oʊ/音素，实际上是由/o/音素和/ʊ/音素组合而成的。
而在发音时，这两个音素之间的过渡并不是突然的，而是通过一种滑动的形式来完成的。
这种滑动过渡就是vowel glide。
在不同的语言中，vowel glide的表现形式也会有所不同。
有的语言中，元音音素之间的过渡非常明显，几乎可以听到明显的滑动音。
而有的语言中，过渡则非常微妙，几乎察觉不到。
这种差异在一定程度上反映了不同语言之间发音的特点和风格。
在语音学研究中，vowel glide也是一个非常重要的课题之一。
通过对不同语言中元音音素过渡的研究，可以更好地理解不同语言的发音规律和特点，有助于改进语音识别和合成技术。
vowel glide的研究也对语言教学和语音训练有一定的指导意义，可以帮助学习者更加准确地模仿和掌握外语的发音规律。
vowel glide是语音学中一个重要的概念，它涉及到元音音素之间的过渡和连接，对于语言发音和理解有着重要的影响。
通过对vowel glide 的深入研究，可以更好地认识不同语言的发音特点，有助于改进语音技术和语言教学方法。
Vowel glides, also known as diphthongs, are a crucial aspect of phonetics and have a significant impact on the naturalness and authenticity of speech. They are characterized by a smooth transition between two vowel sounds within a word or a syllable. This transition involves a slight movement of the articulatory organs, such as the tongue and lips, as the speaker glides from one vowel to another.In the study of phonetics, vowel glides play a pivotal role in the production and perception of speech sounds. They are particularly important in languages where diphthongs are prevalent, such as English, Spanish, and German. Understanding how vowel glides are produced and perceived is essential for both linguistic research and practical applications, such as language teaching and speech recognition technology.One of the key aspects of vowel glides is their variability acrossdifferent languages. For example, in English, the diphthong /aɪ/ in the word "time" is pronounced with a noticeable glide from the vowel /a/ to the vowel /ɪ/. This glide gives the diphthong its characteristic sound and distinguishes it from monophthongs, which consist of a single vowel sound. In contrast, languages like Spanish and Italian have fewer diphthongs and tend to exhibit more stable vowel sounds.The study of vowel glides has practical implications for language teaching and learning. For language learners, understanding the concept of vowel glides can aid in the accurate production of diphthongs and improve their overall pronunciation. Teachers can use exercises and drills to help learners recognize and produce vowel glides effectively, thereby enhancing their oralmunication skills.Furthermore, vowel glides are essential in the development of speech recognition technology. By analyzing the acoustic properties of vowel glides, researchers can improve the accuracy of speech recognition systems, especially in recognizing accented or non-native speech. This has implications for various fields, including language learning apps, virtual assistants, and automated transcription services.In addition to language-specific diphthongs, vowel glides also vary in their articulatory and acoustic characteristics. For example, in American English, the diphthong /aɪ/ is produced with a more noticeable glidepared to the equivalent diphthong in British English. These subtle differences in vowel glides contribute to the distinct flavors of regional accents and dialects.The study of vowel glides is multidisciplinary, involving insights from phonetics, phonology, psycholinguistics, and speech technology. Researchers examine not only the production and perception of vowel glides but also their role in word recognition and lexical processing. This interdisciplinary approach enhances our understanding of the cognitive mechanisms underlying language and speech production.In conclusion, vowel glides are a fundamental aspect of phonetics that plays a crucial role in speech production, perception, and technology. Understanding the variation and distribution of vowel glides across languages is essential for language teaching, linguistic research, and the development of speech technology. As the field of phonetics continues to evolve,the study of vowel glides will remain an intriguing and essential area of investigation.。
vowels
summary
[u:] tense long, close back rounded [u] lax short, close back rounded [D:] tense long, half-open back rounded [D] lax short, open back rounded [a:] lax long, open back unrounded
[i:] [i] [e]
[æ ]
[i:] beat meet
穿针引线、长衣
[i:] tense long close, front, unrounded
[i] hit bit pit
经典收小腹、 减肥急促短衣
[i] lax Short close, front, unrounded
[i:] and [i ]
said
pet
sad
pat
pen
pan
sentences
★ Well, let’s tell Ted to get ready for the test. ★ I’m glad I am not married to that bad-tempered
man.
poem
★Good,
better, best, ↗ Never let it rest; ↘ Till good is better, ↗ And better best. ↘
◆ Approximants : [w], [j], and [r] [l]
Place of articulation
★1. bi-labial: [p], [b], [m], [w] ★ 2. labio-dental: [f], [v] ★ 3. dental : [ø] [ð] ★ 4. alveolar: [t], [d], [s] [z], [n],[l] [r] ★5.palato-alveolar :[∫], [ζ], [t∫], [d3] ★ 6. palatal: [j] ★ 7. velar: [k], [g], [η]. ★ 8. glottal: [h]
英语音标的读法
一、连读连读有四种类型：1 Consonant / Vowel2 Consonant / Consonant3 Vowel / Vowel4 T, D, S, or Z + Y1、以辅音结尾的单词+元音开头的单词：要连读如：Your eyes 1a(one a) a bowl of rice. My name isLA (Los Angeles) [e lei]902-5050 [nai nou tu: fai vou fai vou]注意：以辅音结尾指的是音标中的最后一个音是辅音，而不是单词的结尾，这如同u[ju:.]niversity前面的定冠词必须用a 一样。
另：以辅音结尾的单词+ h开头的单词h不发音，人称代词：he、him、her、his与前面的辅音连读。
Did he? Does he? Was he? Has he? Is he? Will he? Would he? Can he?Wouldn't you?(wooden chew?)Shouldn't I?(shudn nai)Won't he? (won knee?)Didn't he?(didn knee?)Hasn't he?(haz a knee?) Wouldn't he?(wooden knee?) Isn't he?(is a knee?)Isn't it? (is a nit?)Doesn't it?(duza nit?) Aren't I?(are nai?)Won't you?(won chew?) Don't you?(don chew?) Can't you?(can chew?)Could you?(ku dʒu:?)Would you?(wu d3ju?)Tell him to ask her….Leave him For himGive her a book. Giv-er a book.Tell him to ask her. Tell-im to ask-er. What will he do? What will-i do?Where will he go? Where will-i go?When will he come? When will-i come? who will he meet? who will-i meet?How will he know? How will-i know? Has he gone? Has-i gone?Had he done it before? Had-i done it before?Must he go? Must-i go?Can he do it? Can-i do it?Should he leave? Should-i leave?2、辅音+辅音的连读如果前面的单词结尾的清辅音，后面单词开头是与之相对应的浊辅音，或者相反，只发后面的辅音t-d tʃ-dʒs-z ʃ-ʒp-b f-v k-gsit down I don’t know（发音再次的老师都不会发出[t] 音）I just didn't get the chance.Big cake Dad told me Huge change Goodnight3、元音+元音当前面的单词以元音结尾，后面的单词以元音开头，两个元音连读，连读的方法是在中间加w或者加j.以ou结尾的元音后面一般加w。
英语发音知识点总结
英语发音知识点总结一、元音音标（Vowel Sounds）1. 长元音（Long Vowels）长元音是指发音时声音持续时间较长的元音音标，通常用英语字母的名称来标记，包括[a:], [ɑ:], [ɜ:], [i:], [ɪ:], [e:], [ɛ:], [ɔ:], [ɒ:], [ʊ:], [u:], [əʊ], [aɪ], [aʊ], [eɪ], [ɔɪ].a. 例词：father [ˈfɑːðə], dark [dɑːk]b. 例词：bird [bɜːd], shirt [ʃɜːt]c. 例词：see [si:], he [hi:]d. 例词：it [ɪt], swim [swɪm]e. 例词：air [eə], care [keə]f. 例词：end [end], bed [bed]g. 例词：let [let], head [hed]h. 例词：thought [θɔːt], caught [kɔːt]i. 例词：hot [hɒt], not [nɒt]j. 例词：book [bʊk], put [pʊt]k. 例词：too [tu:], glue [glu:]l. 例词：no [nəʊ], go [gəʊ]m. 例词：mine [maɪn], fine [faɪn]n. 例词：loud [laʊd], proud [praʊd]o. 例词：play [pleɪ], say [seɪ]2. 短元音（Short Vowels）短元音是指发音时声音持续时间较短的元音音标，通常用英语字母的名称来标记，包括[æ], [ɛ], [ɪ], [ɒ], [ʌ], [ʊ].a. 例词：cat [kæt], man [mæn]b. 例词：red [red], send [send]c. 例词：hit [hɪt], sit [sɪt]d. 例词：hot [hɒt], not [nɒt]e. 例词：cup [kʌp], run [rʌn]f. 例词：put [pʊt], sun [sʌn]二、辅音音标（Consonant Sounds）1. 音标/ʃ/，如：she，shore2. 音标/ʒ/，如：pleasure，measure3. 音标/ð/，如：this，there4. 音标/θ/，如：thank，think5. 音标/tʃ/，如：chocolate，teacher6. 音标/dʒ/，如：judge，badge7. 音标/w/，如：wet，wonder8. 音标/j/，如：yes，yawn9. 音标/h/，如：hat，hope三、重音规律（Stress Rules）1. 单音节词单音节词通常重读前面的音节，如：cat [kæt], dog [dɒg].2. 多音节词如果一个词有两个音节，那么通常第一个音节是重读音节，如：happy [ˈhæpi], rabbit [ˈræbɪt].3. 动词和名词如果一个多音节的词由动词和名词组成，那么通常动词的词根是重读的，如：record（动词[ˈrekɔːd]）, record（名词[ˈrekəd]）.4. 名词和形容词如果一个多音节的词由名词和形容词组成，那么通常名词的词根是重读的，如：whitehouse [ˈwaɪthaus], blackbird [ˈblækˌbɜːd].5. 前缀和后缀有时候词的重音取决于它的前缀或后缀，比如：unhappy [ʌnˈhæpi], today [təˈdeɪ].四、音标转换规则（Phonetic Transformation Rules）在英语中，有时候音标会发生转换，主要包括弱读音变化、连读音变化和辅音音变化等，常见的规则有：1. 弱读音变化在一些词组中，词的弱读音标可能会发生变化，比如："I am"中的/am/弱读音标为/əm/；"you are"中的/are/弱读音标为/ə/.2. 连读音变化在一些词组中，音标可能会根据语音的连读规律发生变化，比如："cup of"中的/of/的音标为/əv/；"not at all"中的/at/的音标为/ət/.3. 辅音音变化在一些单词中，辅音音标有时会发生变化，比如："goat"中的/t/发音时是/d/的音标；"home"中的/m/发音时是/n/的音标等。
Vowels 元音
/ / Bob forgot to lock the door.
The big doll costs two dollars. He is not doctor, but a boss.
father and mother
/ә:/ a nervous woearth
Sentences:
/ә/ What’s the other color? Studying abroad is very popular nowadays. Ancient China is famous for its silk and china.
/ / He is sure about the tour. He ensures every one that this tour will be insured.
Tongue Twisters
I can hear clearly many fierce animals are here.
Mary stared carefully at the rare bear.
Words:
/u:/ food move
/u/ book kookie
zoo room
wood cook
balloon school
put would
Phrases: /u:/ go to the zoo
full moon
/u/ a good-looking woman
look at the book
/i:/ Seeing is believing. A friend in need is a friend in deed. She likes to eat meat, especially beef.
英语音标快速记忆方法
英语音标快速记忆方法元音(voｗｅl)又称母音。
就发音作用上跟汉语拼音的韵母在作用相似,元音发音时声带振动,气流在通道上不受发音器官阻碍、元音分为单元音和双元音两大类,单元音发音时,发音器官固定在一个器官上,双元音发音时,发音器官由一个部位向另一个部位滑动,单元音又分长元音和短元音。
长元音和短元音书写形式上区分:长元音用加“:”显示出,而短元音没有以上符号,发音规律上:长元音发音时声音要长。
单元音单元音共有1２个,发音的时候,依照舌头隆起的部位不同可分为前元音、中元音、后元音。
前元音:发音的时候,舌位最高点在舌前部、发音的时候,舌尖要抵住下齿,唇形为扁唇或中唇。
前元音有4个。
/i&＃７20;/发音秘诀:舌尖抵住下齿,舌前部尽量抬高;牙床几乎全合;双唇微开,口形呈扁平状,不能收圆;发音时声带要振动,这是长元音,长度要够。
/ i /发音秘诀:发音时舌位与[i:]相同,但略低,口腔肌肉要放松一些;牙床半合;双唇扁平,开口程度比[i:］大些;声带要振动。
这是短元音,长度只有［i:］的一半。
/e／发音秘诀:舌尖抵下齿,舌前部抬起,但舌位比上低,口形比上大,但不要张得太开,上下齿见的开口距离能容一个手指即可;双唇稍扁,唇形保持不变,以防音的滑动,发音要短促。
/&aelｉｇ;/发音秘诀:舌尖抵住下齿,舌前部稍稍抬高,但舌位比／ｉ:/,/ｅ／都低;双唇向两边展开,呈扁平状,注意双唇不要上下活动;口要开得大一些,开口程度比/e/大。
中元音:发音的时候,舌位最高点在中部,舌尖都要轻触下齿或者稍离下齿龈,双唇要自然张开。
中元音有3个、/ ＆#60１;&＃７20;/发音秘诀:舌身平放,舌中部略微抬起,舌位抬得较高牙床开得较小,接近半合;双唇肌肉较紧张,唇形扁平,与发/ｉ:/时相似;声带要振动。
着是长元音,长度要足够。
/０1;／这是短元音,但发音长度并非是上一个的一半。
舌身平放,舌中部略微抬起,但比前一个略低;舌尖抵下齿龈;不要将双唇手圆了;发音时,唇、舌和牙床都特别自然,肌肉一点也不紧张;声带要振动、/＆＃6５2;/发音秘诀:张开双唇,并略微向两旁平伸,唇形略扁;牙床接近全开;舌后缩,舌中部略微抬起,舌尖和舌端两侧轻触下齿;开口程度较大。