语法重点串讲一

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英语语法串讲分析与练习精华版

英语语法串讲分析与练习精华版




状从
(the pen 不是指“这支笔”,而是指“笔类”)
○ The teenager often expresses his passions with dramatic exaggeration and is soon

状谓


连系 状
disappointed.

(the teenager 指“年轻人”)
Ⅲ.有限定性修饰语
有限定性修饰语的名词前要加 the,限定性修饰语多半为介词短语,如:
○ The rapid destruction of the tropical rain forests on earth has led to vast-scale habitat






and certificates. (数词作主语)
一、名词作主语
从实用的角度看,名词可分为:1)不可数名词;2)可数名词。 1) 不可数名词作主语 不可数名词,分为物质名词和抽象名词,只有单数,没有复数,与其连用的谓语动词均
为单数。不可数名词除特指、有限定性定语修饰的前面用定冠词 the 外,其余都为零冠词。

主谓

宾从
increasing in China.
the average family income has been increasing in China



○ The company has made notable gains in productivity.




Ⅱ.类指的,如:
○ Today the pen is more highly esteemed than (the pen was )ever (esteemed).

英语语法知识串讲专题一:名词

英语语法知识串讲专题一:名词

高中英语语法总结大全之名词名词概论名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词(Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。

普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。

普通名词又可分为下面四类:1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。

2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。

3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。

4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。

个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。

归纳一下,名词的分类可以下图表示:名词复数的规则变化其它名词复数的规则变化1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数:如:two Marys the Henrysmonkey---monkeysholiday---holidays比较:层楼:storey ---storeys story---stories2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:a. 加s,如:photo---photos piano---pianosradio---radios zoo---zoos;b. 加es,如:potato—potatoes tomato—tomatoesc. 均可,如:zero---zeros / zeroes3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:a. 加s,如:belief---beliefs roof---roofssafe---safes gulf---gulfs;b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halvesknife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolveswife---wives life---lives thief---thieves;c. 均可,如:handkerchief:handkerchiefs / handkerchieves名词复数的不规则变化1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teethmouse---mice man---men woman---women注意:与man 和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women。

语法重点整理

语法重点整理

语法重点整理在这篇文章中,我将整理语法的重点内容,涵盖了中文语法的基础规则和一些常见的语法问题。

通过学习和掌握这些语法重点,读者将能够提高自己的语言表达能力,并在写作和口语交流中更加准确和流利地表达自己的意思。

一、基础语法知识1. 词类和句子成分:名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、助词和叹词。

2. 词性和词性转换:名词变动词、动词变形容词等。

如:"friend" (名词) -> "befriend" (动词)3. 时态和语态:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。

主动语态和被动语态的用法。

二、主谓一致1. 单、复数主谓一致:主语为单数时谓语动词用单数形式,主语为复数时谓语动词用复数形式。

2. 不定代词主谓一致:如"everyone"、"somebody"等。

3. 谓语动词和主语之间的一致关系。

三、代词的使用1. 主格、宾格和形容词性物主代词的用法。

2. 指示代词、反身代词和相互代词的不同用法。

3. 人称代词的正确使用,如"I"和"me"的区别。

四、句子结构和句型1. 简单句、并列句和复合句。

2. 主谓结构、主谓宾结构和主谓补结构。

3. 条件句、感叹句、比较句和间接引语的使用。

五、修饰语的位置和用法1. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形式。

2. 修饰语在句子中的位置,如前置修饰语和后置修饰语。

3. 限定词和插入语的使用。

六、倒装和省略1. 全部倒装和部分倒装的用法。

2. 助动词和情态动词的省略。

七、从句和连接词1. 主从复合句的结构和连接词的使用。

2. 时间、地点、原因、目的、结果和条件从句的表达。

八、虚拟语气和情态动词1. 表达与事实相反的假设和愿望的虚拟语气。

2. 情态动词表示推测、可能性、能力和许可的用法。

九、语气和语气词1. 陈述句、祈使句、疑问句、感叹句的语气用法。

自考英语语法重点串讲资料

自考英语语法重点串讲资料

Part 1 动词主要时态和语态表1.一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时主动: do / did / will do被动: are done / were done / will be done2.现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时主动: are doing / were doing / will be doing被动: are being done / were being done3.现在完成时过去完成时将来完成时主动: have done / had done / will have done被动: have been done / had been done现在完成进行时主动: have been doing动词主要时态的意义及运用1.现在完成时,过去完成时和将来完成时英语提示语:up to now, so far, for three years, since 1995, over past ten years,by the end of this week, by the year of 1995汉语提示语:已经,早已,了e.g. We haven’t met each other since last year.By the end of this week, we’ll have finished the task.现在完成进行时:从过去一直持续到现在,没有间断。

汉语提示语:一直e.g. The water has been running the whole night.I’ve often been thinking of you.He’s been worrying about her safety.Obviously she’s been crying.All these years he’s been traveling.过去完成时:1) said, reported, thought等引导的间接引语中。

初中英语语法精讲讲义(完整版)

初中英语语法精讲讲义(完整版)

(内部资料) 2018.1目录第一讲名词第二讲冠词第三讲代词第四讲数词第五讲介词第六讲形容词和副词第七讲连词第八讲情态动词第九讲非谓语动词第十讲时态第十一讲被动语态第十二讲祈使句、倒装句、反意疑问句和感叹句第十三讲宾语从句第十四讲定语从句第十五讲状语从句第十六讲主谓一致第十七讲情景交际第十八讲词义辨析附录I 重点短语概述一、概述语法是研究词形变化和句子结构的科学,研究词形变化的部分成为词法(名词的数、格,动词的时态、语态),研究句子结构的部分称为句法(句子成分、语序,句子种类)。

二、英语词类词类英语作用在句中成分例词1名词n.表示人或物的名称主、宾、表、定、同位mother, son 2形容词adj.表示人或物的特征定、表、补、状big, small 3数词num.表示数目或顺序主、宾、nine, first 4代词pron.代替名词,数词主语宾语定语he, him, his 5动词v.表示动作或状态谓come, write 6副词adv.表示动作特征或性状特征状、表very, slowly 7冠词art.用在名词前说明其意义不做成分a, an, the8介词prep.用在名代前说明它与别的词之间的关系不做成分for, from, to 9连词conj.用来连接词与词或句与句不做成分and, but, if 10感叹词interj.表示说话时的感情或口气不做成分oh, ow三、句子成分句子中有两个最重要最基本的成分,主语和谓语。

除了主语和谓语,句子有时还有其他成分,宾语、定语、状语、表语等。

主语:一般位于句首,说明所要讲述的对象或主体,表示要说的“谁”或“什么”,一般由名词、代词或名词性的词类、短语或从句充当。

We often practise speaking English after class.Your father’s car is new.Watching English films is a good way to learn English.谓语:位于主语之后,说明主语的情况(动作或状态)---“做什么”“是什么”“怎么样”。

语法重点知识梳理

语法重点知识梳理

语法重点知识梳理语法是语言学习的基础,掌握语法知识对于提升语言表达能力至关重要。

本文将梳理汇总几个常见的语法重点知识,帮助读者系统地理解和运用。

一、主谓一致主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。

具体原则如下:1. 单数主语和单数谓语动词,如:The cat jumps on the table.2. 复数主语和复数谓语动词,如:The cats jump on the table.3. 不可数名词作主语,谓语动词使用单数形式,如:Water is essential for life.二、时态时态用于表示动作或状态发生的时间。

常见的时态包括:1. 一般现在时:表示经常性或普遍性的行为、习惯等。

如:He goes to school every day.2. 现在进行时:表示现在正在进行的动作。

如:I am writing an article.3. 一般过去时:表示过去发生的动作或状态。

如:She visited her grandparents last weekend.4. 过去进行时:表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作。

如:They were playing basketball when it started raining.5. 将来时:表示将来要发生的动作或状态。

如:I will go shopping tomorrow.6. 完成时态:表示过去某一时刻之前已经完成的动作。

如:She had already finished her homework when I called her.三、从句结构从句是由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成的句子。

根据从句的功能和引导词,可以分为三类:1. 定语从句:用来修饰名词或代词的从句,通常由关系代词(that, which, who/whom, whose)引导。

如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.2. 状语从句:用来修饰主句谓语动词的从句,常见的引导词有连词(when, while, before, after, since)和关系副词(where, why, how)。

语法的重点知识总结

语法的重点知识总结

语法的重点知识总结1. 什么是语法语法是一门研究语言构成和结构法则的学科,主要包括词汇、句法、语音、语义等方面的规则和规范。

2. 词性和句法分析词性:名词、代词、动词、形容词、副词、介词、连词、助词、量词等。

句法:句子的成分和结构,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。

3. 名词名词可指人、事物、地点、抽象概念等,可分为可数名词和不可数名词。

还可通过复数、所有格等方式进行变化。

4. 代词代词用来代替名词,分为人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词、关系代词等。

5. 动词动词表示动作、状态或存在,分为及物动词和不及物动词。

可通过时态、语态、情态动词等形式进行变化。

6. 形容词和副词形容词用来描述名词的性质、特征,副词用来修饰动词、形容词或其他副词。

7. 介词介词用来表达时间、地点、方向、原因、方式等关系,如in、on、at、under等。

8. 连词连词用来连接词组、短语或句子,分为并列连词、从属连词和关联词。

9. 句子结构句子由主语和谓语构成,主谓关系是句子的基本结构,也可通过加入宾语、定语、状语等来丰富句子。

10. 句子类型包括陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句等,根据不同类型的句子结构和语气进行构成和使用。

11. 并列句和复合句并列句由两个或多个简单句通过并列连词连接而成,复合句由一个主句和一个或多个从句构成。

12. 主谓一致主语和谓语在人称、数和时态上要保持一致,即单数主语用单数谓语,复数主语用复数谓语。

13. 语态语态分为主动语态和被动语态,主动语态强调动作的执行者,被动语态强调动作的承受者。

14. 定语从句和状语从句定语从句用来修饰名词,状语从句用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,在句中充当定语或状语。

15. 倒装句和强调句倒装句中将谓语动词放在主语之前,强调句中通过强调副词或结构来强调句子的某个成分。

16. 虚拟语气和条件句虚拟语气用来表示假设、愿望、建议等情况,条件句由主句和从句构成,根据不同的条件类型使用不同的语法结构。

《英语语法》串讲(最新版)

《英语语法》串讲(最新版)

《英语语法》串讲讲义课程介绍一、课程性质《现代英语语法》是高等教育自学考试英语专业(本科段)的一门选修课,主要面向具有相当于英语专业本科二年级以上水平并有志参加高等教育自学考试英语专业(本科段)考试的学生。

《现代英语语法》理论与实践并重,既是一部语法理论著作,有宏观的理论概述,对英语语言结构作了比较系统的描写。

又可作为教学参考书,它根据教学要求精选语法项目、设计篇章结构,有取有舍,自成体系,既有知识性,又有实践性。

本教程中例子丰富,在历年试题中直接从教材中选择的例句数量相当多,这就要求学员在学习的过程中能确实看懂例子,能真正理解理论并能把理论应用于实践。

二、教材的选用《现代英语语法》课程所选用教材是全国高等教育自学考试指定教材,该书由李基安主编,外语教学与研究出版社出版。

三、章节体系为了便于各位学员复习应考,我们的串讲严格按照教材章节来讲。

共十六章,每章主要以哪种形式命题以及哪些是高频考点我在讲解的什么都会提到,以帮助大家在以后的复习中做到有的放矢,迅速抓住重点内容,以取得事半功倍的效果。

考情分析一、历年真题的分布情况根据对《现代英语语法》近5年考题(注:全国每年统考:4月,有些省份7月还有一次,浙江省每年10月份也有语法考试)分析,可以看出哪些部分是全书的重点章,具体看下列表格中的黑体。

二、题型分析《现代英语语法》的考试题型包括五种:单项选择题、填空题、改错题、改写句子、简答题。

根据对近5年的试题进行分析,可以发现题型有变化,但总的题量没变,仍然是74个题目。

09年4月前(含09年4月)共7大题型:一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)二、选择填空题(本大题共8小题,每小题2分,共16分)如:21. were, was, had, animal, animalsSmall amounts of land ________ used for keeping ________. (该例选自0904)三、填空题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)A. Fill in the blank with assertive, non-assertive or negative words:29. I think I’ve lost that green scarf of mine; I can’t find it ________.B. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb or verb phrase given:34. It is time we ________ (think) about drawing up a detailed plan for the project.四、改错题(本大题共8小题,每小题1分,共8分)五、改句(本大题共13小题,每小题2分,共26分)Rewrite the following sentences as required.六、名词解释(本大题共2小题,每小题2分,共4分)Define the following terms with examples.七、简答题(本大题共3小题,每小题2分,共6分)Answer the following questions.10年4月开始(含1004)共五大题型:一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)二、填空题(本大题共28小题,共36分)Section A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate words given in the group.(共8小题,每小题2分,共16分)Section B. Fill in the blanks with the words given in brackets. Make changes where necessary. (共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)三、改错题(本大题共l 2小题,每小题1分,共12分)四、改句题(本大题共1 2小题,每小题2分,共24分)五、简答题(本大题共2小题,每小题4分,共8分)从以上题型变化分析,我们可以看出1004把09年4月(前)的第二、三题合成了一个大题,并且少了名词解释的题型,因此总的题型少了两个。

2024年高考英语语法历年真题知识点串讲

2024年高考英语语法历年真题知识点串讲

2024年高考英语语法历年真题知识点串讲本文为高考英语语法知识点串讲,涵盖了历年高考英语真题中的重要语法知识。

通过对真题的分析和归纳,旨在帮助考生系统地复习和掌握英语语法,从而在2024年的高考中取得好成绩。

第一部分:词类与词性1. 名词 (Noun)名词是指人、事物、地点等具体或抽象的东西。

名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词两种。

可数名词有单数和复数形式,而不可数名词没有复数形式。

2. 代词 (Pronoun)代词用来替代和指代名词。

根据在句中的不同功能,代词可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词等。

3. 动词 (Verb)动词表示动作、状态或存在的词。

根据不同的形式,动词可分为系动词、及物动词和不及物动词。

4. 形容词 (Adjective)形容词用来描述和修饰名词。

它可以表示人或物的性质、特征、状态等。

形容词可用来比较,形成原级、比较级和最高级。

5. 副词 (Adverb)副词用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子。

副词可以表示时间、地点、方式、原因、程度等。

6. 介词 (Preposition)介词用来表示名词和其他词之间的关系。

它通常用来表示方向、位置、时间、原因等。

7. 连词 (Conjunction)连词用来连接词与词、词与短语、短语与短语,或句子与句子。

连词可以分为并列连词、从属连词和连接副词。

8. 冠词 (Article)冠词是放在名词前面的一类小词,主要有定冠词和不定冠词。

定冠词有“the”,不定冠词有“a”和“an”。

第二部分:句子结构与句型1. 主谓一致 (Subject-Verb Agreement)主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词在人称、数和时态上保持一致。

注意特殊情况,如当主语是复数名词时,谓语动词用单数形式。

2. 并列句与复合句 (Compound Sentences and Complex Sentences)并列句由两个或多个主要部分组成,每个部分都有自己的主语和谓语。

专四英语语法考点串讲

专四英语语法考点串讲

英语语法考点串讲英业四级考试历年各语法考点的分布表(1991-2011)考点11 1987654321999897969594939291非谓语动词不定式 1 1 1 1 1分词 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 动名词 1 2 1 1 1 1 独立主格 2 1 1 1并列句和复合句状语从句 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 定语从句 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 名词性从句1 1 1 1 1 12 1虚拟语气 1 1 2 1 4 3 5 5 1 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 1 3 1 3 2 比较级结构 2 1 2 4 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 情态动词 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 倒装 2 1 1 1 1 强调和省略 2 1 副词和形容词 4 1 2 2 2 1 1 1冠词 1 1 1 1 固定搭配 1 1 1 1 2 3 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 反意疑问句 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1强调句代词 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 主谓一致 1 1 1 1 1 1句子成分 3 3 1 1 1时态 1 3 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 句型 2限定词 1名词属格 1专四英语语法考点串讲之一:虚拟语气考点1. If从句中的虚拟语气省略if,从句的语序用倒装,即将were, had或should移至主语的前面,但否定词not不前移。

1、与过去事实相反:从句sb had done,主句sb would(should, could, might)+ have done;1. Had Judy been more careful on the maths exam, she ____ much better results now. 2008A. would be gettingB. could have gotC. must getD. would get2. He would have finished his college education, but he ____to quit and find a job to support his family.2007A. had hadB. hasC. hadD. would have3.___, he would not have recovered so quickly.2005/1995A. Hadn't he been taken good care ofB. Had he not been taken good care ofC. Had not he been taken good care ofD. Had he been not taken good care of4. I ___the party much more if there hadn’t been quite such a c rowd of people there.2004/1996A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying5. All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there ___ quite such a crowd of people there.2004/2000A. weren’tB. hasn’t beenC. hadn’t beenD. wouldn’t6. ___for the fact that she broke her leg, she might have passed the exam.2002A. Had it not beenB. Hadn’t it beenC. Was it notD. Were it not7. _____enough time and money, the researchers would have been able to discover more in this field.1998a. Givingb. To givec. Givend. Being given8. I was to have made a speech if___.1997A. I was not called awayB. nobody would have called me awayC. I had not been called awayD. nobody called me away9. _____ time, he’ll make a first-class tennis player. 1996A. HavingB. GivenC. GivingD. Had10. We could ___him with a detached house when he came, but he had specifically asked for a small flat.1995A. provideB. have providedC. not provideD. not have provided11. ______you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions. 1994A. If I realizedB. Had I realizedC. I realized thatD. As I realized12. _____ their help, we would not have succeeded.1992A. Hadn't been forB. Had it not been forC. It hadn't been forD. Had not it been for13. If you _____ in such a hurry you sugar into the sauce instead of salt.1992A. were not, would not putB. were, would putC. had been, would have putD. had not been, would not have put14. "Did you hear of his death?'"Yes. If he ___ in time, he ___.”1990A. had been operated on, might not dieB. had been operated on, might not have diedC. were operated on, might not dieD. were operated on,- might not have died2、与现在事实相反:从句sb did(were),主句sb would(should, could, might)+do;1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _____ much easier to learn.2009A. could have beenB. would beC. will beD. would have been2. “You ______ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” I told my friend. 2007A. couldB. shouldC. mustD. can3. If you explained the situation to your solicitor, he ________ able to advise you much better than I can.2005A. would beB. will have beenC. wasD. Were4. If I knew Japanese , I ______ for the position.1991A. would applyB. will applyC. may have appliedD. will have applied3、与将来事实相反:从句sb did (should+do或were+to do),主句sb would (should, could, might)+do。

专题02重点语法一:不定代词和反身代词八年级英语上册期中考点大串讲(人教版)(解析版)

专题02重点语法一:不定代词和反身代词八年级英语上册期中考点大串讲(人教版)(解析版)

专题10 重点语法一:不定代词和反身代词1.________ of the two movies are wonderful. I hope to see them again.A.All B.Both C.None【答案】B【详解】句意:这两部电影都很精彩。

我希望能再看它们。

考查代词辨析。

All三者及以上都;Both两者都;None一个都不。

根据“I hope to see them again.”可知,希望再看,所以是好看的,结合“two movies”可知,是两部电影。

故选B。

2.Last night, Alex had ________ to do, so he went to bed early and had a good sleep.A.anything special B.everything important C.nothing much【答案】C【详解】句意:昨天晚上,亚历克斯没有什么事情要做,所以他早早上床,睡了个好觉。

考查复合不定代词辨析。

anything special任何特殊的事情;everything important一切重要的事情;nothing much 没什么事情。

根据“so he went to bed early and had a good sleep.”可知,应该是晚上“没有什么事做”,排除B 选项;A选项用于否定句,故选C。

3.—Can you speak Chinese, Jane?—Yes, but only ________. I came to China two weeks ago.A.a little B.little C.a few D.few【答案】A【详解】句意:——简,你会说汉语吗?——是的,但只会一点点。

我两周前来到中国。

考查代词辨析。

a little一点,修饰不可数名词;little几乎没有,修饰不可数名词;a few几个,修饰复数名词;few几乎没有,修饰复数名词。

英语语法考点串讲

英语语法考点串讲

英语语法语法回顾篇:语法考点虚拟语气、情态动词、非谓语动词、复合句、倒装、小语法(省略,时态,反义疑问句,代词,强调句,主谓一致,冠词,形容词及副词)、as的特殊用法。

英语语法考点串讲之一虚拟语气一般说来,有下列几种考点需要考生注意(十考点及两备考点)考点1. 与现在事实相反从句谓语动词用did(be用were),主句谓语动词would(should,could,might)+do;考点2. 与过去事实相反从句谓语动词用had done,主句谓语动词用would(should,could,might)+ have done;例如:43.I _________the party much more if there hadn‟t been quite such a crowd of people there.A. would enjoyB. will have enjoyedC. would have enjoyedD. will be enjoying49.All of us would have enjoyed the party much more if there _________ quite such a crowd of people there.A. weren‟tB. hasn‟t beenC. hadn‟t beenD. wouldn‟t考点3.与将来事实相反,从句谓语动词用:did(should+do或were + to do),主句谓语动词用:would(should,could,might)+do。

例如:43. If your car ___ any attention during the first 12 months, take it to an authorized dealer.(08年)• A. shall need C. would need• B. should need D. will need考点4. 时态的交叉现象,也就是主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段例如:If you had gone to see the doctor,you would be all right now.你要是早去看病,你现在就没事了。

专升本语法串讲1学案

专升本语法串讲1学案

名词考点:名词词意辨析1. It takes ______ to talk to others on the team when that might expose some of your own weaknesses or ignorance.A. energyB. patienceC. wisdomD. courage2. Chinese first lady Peng Liyuan’s ZTE(中兴)Nubia Z5 mini, is empowered with a13-mega-pixel(百万像素)rare camera with such as taking panorama images.A. featuresB. feathersC. fictionsD. fashions动词考点:时态和语态,动词和动词词组辨析1.When you long for life without difficulties, _____ yourself that diamonds are made under pressure.A.to remind B.remind C.reminding D.reminded2. Actually, creative thinkers rarely come up with new ideas; instead, they ________ old ideas into new ones, adapting them from one context to another.A. condemnB. convertC. contrastD. contradict3. George Bush, the former US president, has taken up oil painting since he left the White House, revealing that painting _______ his relaxed lifestyle.A. allowed forB. consisted inC. stuck toD. contributed to形容词、副词考点:形容词副词的词义辨析1. The poet ______described the peaceful Rocky Mountain and the beautiful Mississippi River in his newly-published poetry.A. aggressivelyB. vividlyC. desperatelyD. controversially2.Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be ______ respected.A. especiallyB. equallyC. naturallyD. normally代词考点:代词选择1.One of the possibilities they had to consider when building the bridge was_____ of a strong earthquake.A. onesB. thoseC. thatD. one2. —What do you think of Mrs. Smith?—She is _______ of a good housewife, for her children’s room is always a terrible mess.A. nobodyB. somebodyC. somethingD. nothing介词、连词考点:介词短语、连词选择1. ______the weather, our school sports meet has to be held in the indoor stadium.A. In view ofB. In charge ofC. In place ofD. In search of2. Spend the least time on those things that are completely_______, and figure out what you can do practically to make a difference.A. out of shapeB. out of controlC. out of practiceD. out of touch定语从句考点:关系词选择1.Whatever is worth doing is worth doing well, should be remembered properly. A.that B.what C.which D.it2.The movie is adapted from a novel,____author I can’t remember now.A.which B.where C.what D.whose3.The boy climbed into the third storey of the building, from _____ he could look farther intothe distance.A. whichB. itC. thereD. where阅读练习练习一Many years ago, when I was fresh out of school and working in Denver, I was driving to my parents’ home in Missouri for Christmas. I stopped at a gas station (加油站) about 50 miles from Oklahoma City, where I was planning to stop and visit a friend. While I was standing in line at the cash register (收款台), I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas.I took off, but had gone only a few miles when black smoke poured from the back of my car. I stopped and wondered what I should do. A car pulled up behind me. It was the couple I had spoken to at the gas station. They said they would take me to my friend’s. We chatted on the way into the city, and when I get out of the car, the husband gave me his business card.I wrote him and his wife a thank-you note for helping me. Soon afterward, I received a Christmas present from them. Their note that came with it said that helping me had made their holidays meaningful.Years later, I drove to a meeting in a nearby town in the morning. In late afternoon I returned to my car and found that I’d left the lights on all day, and the battery (电池) was dead. Then I noticed that the Friendly Ford dealership—a shop selling cars—was right next door. I walked over and found two salesmen in the showroom.Just how friendly is Friendly Ford? I asked and explained my trouble. They quickly drove a pickup truck to my car and started it. They would accept no payment; so when I got home, I wrote them a note to say thanks. I received a letter back from one of the salesmen. No one had ever taken the time to write him and say thank you, and it meant a lot, he said.Thank you—two powerful words. They’re easy to say and mean so much.60. The author planned to stop at Oklahoma City ________.A. to visit a friendB. to see his parentsC. to pay at the cash registerD. to have more gas for his car61. The words “took off” underlined in Paragraph 2 mean ________.A. turned offB. moved offC. put upD. set up62. What happened when the author found smoke coming out of his car?A. He had it pulled back to the gas station.B. The couple sent him a business card.C. The couple offered to help him.D. He called his friend for help.63. The battery of the author’s car was dead because ________.A. something went wrong with the lightsB. the meeting lasted a whole dayC. he forgot to turn off the lightsD. he drove too long a distance64. By telling his own experience, the author tries to show ________.A. how to write a thank-you letterB. how to deal with car problemsC. the kind-heartedness of older peopleD. the importance of expressing thanks练习二The very wealthy English Baron Fitzgerald had only one child, a son, who understandably was the apple of his eye. His wife died when the child was in his early teens. So Fitzgerald devoted himself to fathering the kid. Unfortunately the son died in his late teens.Meanwhile, Fitzgerald’s wealth greatly increased. He spent a lot on art works of the masters. Later Fitzgeraldhimself became seriously ill. Before his death, he had carefully prepared his will as to how his wealth would be settled—to sell his entire collection at an auction (拍卖).Because of the large quantity and high quality of his collection, a huge crowd of possible buyers gathered for the auction. Many of them were museum directors and private collectors eager to bid (出价). Before the auction, the art works were shown, among which was a painting of Fitzgerald’s son by an unknown artist. Because of its poor quality, it received little attention.When it was time for the auction, the auctioneer gaveled (敲槌) the crowd to attention. First the lawyer read from Fitzgerald’s will that the first art work to be auctioned was the painting of his son.The poor-quality painting didn’t receive any bidders… except one—the old servant who had served the son and loved him, and who for emotional reasons offered the only bid.As soon as the servant bought the painting for less than one English pound, the auctioneer stopped the bidding and asked the lawyer to read again from the will. The crowd became quiet, and the lawyer read from the will: “Whoever buys the painting of my son gets all my collection.” Then the auction was over.56. The English Baron Fitzgerald was __________.A. a museum directorB. a master of artC. an art collectorD. an art dealer57. Why did the old servant bid for the painting of Fitzgerald’s son?A. He was devoted to the family.B. He saw that no one bid for it.C. He knew the content of the will.D. He found it cheap for him to buy.58. Fitzgerald’s will showed __________.A. his desire to fool the biddersB. his invaluable love for his sonC. his sadness at the death of his sonD. his regret of having no children to take over his wealth。

中考英语语法大串讲

中考英语语法大串讲

语法大串讲一.考点透视【知识与能力要求】1.掌握所学单词的形态变化.2.掌握简单句的五种基本句型,四笔头练习基本正确。

3.能理解不复杂的、含有状语从句或宾语从句的复合句。

4.掌握动词的五种基本时态(一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、现在完成时)的基本用法。

5.能理解并初步掌握过去进行时、过去完成时和过去将来时的基本用法.6.掌握一般现在时(包括含有情态动词的一般现在时)、一般过去时的被动语态的基本用法.7.掌握动词不定式作宾语、宾语补足语和状语的用法(作主语和定语的用法只要求理解)。

【重难点问题归纳】语法知识是在掌握一定量的单词和短语的基础上才能获得的。

因此,单词的形态变化和简单句的五种基本句型是语法学习的基础之基础。

五种基本时态和含有不复杂的状语从句及宾语从句的复合句是初中毕业班学生学习的重点也是语法学习的难点.五种基本时态中的一般过去时和现在完成时的基本用法及其区别是学习的难点.状语从句中的时态问题,宾语从句中的主语和谓语的语序问题是学生感到头痛的问题.被动语态是中国学生最不喜欢学习和使用的一种语态。

因此,学生在学习时,时常感觉到很困难.动词不定式是初中英语语法中的一个重点。

不定式在句中作宾语、宾语补足语和状语等用法均要求掌握,特别是一些动词,有些后面要求跟不定式作宾语,有些则要求跟动词一ing形式作宾语。

总之,语法部分是英语学习的重点和难点。

语法知识掌握得好,将大大加快英语学习的进程.【中考热点分析预测】语法部分历年来是中考的必考内容。

考试的范围广,涉及单词词形变化、基本句子结构、五种基本时态搬动语态、不定式用法以及状语从句、宾语从句,等等.近年来,在教学改革方面加大了对听说教学的力度,初中段以培养学生的交际能力为主,为高中段的英语学习打好基础,对语法知识的要求作了调整,降低了难度,但考查的范围并没有减小。

单纯考语法知识的题比以前明显减少.试题往往设置一个情景,在对话中考查时态及基本句型。

初中语法精讲讲义(全)

初中语法精讲讲义(全)

(内部资料)2018.1目录第一讲名词第二讲冠词第三讲代词第四讲数词第五讲介词第六讲形容词和副词第七讲连词第八讲情态动词第九讲非谓语动词第十讲时态第十一讲被动语态第十二讲祈使句、倒装句、反意疑问句和感叹句第十三讲宾语从句第十四讲定语从句第十五讲状语从句第十六讲主谓一致第十七讲情景交际第十八讲词义辨析附录I 重点短语概述一、概述语法是研究词形变化和句子结构的科学,研究词形变化的部分成为词法(名词的数、格,动词的时态、语态),研究句子结构的部分称为句法(句子成分、语序,句子种类)。

二、英语词类词类英语作用在句中成分例词1 名词n. 表示人或物的名称主、宾、表、定、同位mother, son2 形容词adj. 表示人或物的特征定、表、补、状big, small3 数词num. 表示数目或顺序主、宾、nine,first4 代词pron. 代替名词,数词主语宾语定语he, him,his5 动词v。

表示动作或状态谓come,write6 副词adv。

表示动作特征或性状特征状、表very,slowly7 冠词art. 用在名词前说明其意义不做成分a,an,the8 介词prep. 用在名代前说明它与别的词之间的关系不做成分for, from, to9 连词conj. 用来连接词与词或句与句不做成分and,but,if10 感叹词interj。

表示说话时的感情或口气不做成分oh, ow三、句子成分句子中有两个最重要最基本的成分,主语和谓语。

除了主语和谓语,句子有时还有其他成分,宾语、定语、状语、表语等。

主语:一般位于句首,说明所要讲述的对象或主体,表示要说的“谁”或“什么”,一般由名词、代词或名词性的词类、短语或从句充当。

We often practise speaking English after class。

Your father’s car is new.Watching English films is a good way to learn English。

高中语法知识串讲

高中语法知识串讲

高中语法知识串讲语法是语言学习的基础,对于高中学生来说,掌握好语法知识非常重要。

本文将从词类、句子结构、时态和语态等方面进行高中语法知识的串讲。

一、词类1. 名词:名词是指表示人、事物、动物等具体或抽象事物的名称。

名词有单数和复数形式,可用来作主语、宾语或表语等。

例句:The cat is sleeping on the desk.(猫正在桌子上睡觉)2. 代词:代词是用来代替名词的词语,可以分为人称代词、物主代词、指示代词等。

代词的使用可以避免重复,使句子更加简洁明确。

例句:She is reading a book. It is very interesting.(她在读一本书。

这本书非常有趣)3. 动词:动词是表达动作、状态或存在的词类。

根据时态和语态的变化,动词可以有不同的形式。

例句:He is running in the park.(他正在公园里跑步)4. 形容词:形容词用来修饰名词或代词,描述它们的特征或性质。

例句:The beautiful flowers are blooming in the garden.(美丽的花朵在花园里盛开)5. 副词:副词用来修饰动词、形容词和其他副词,表示时间、地点、程度、方式等。

例句:She speaks English fluently.(她英语讲得很流利)二、句子结构1. 主谓结构:一个句子必须包括主语和谓语。

主语一般位于句子的前面,谓语则位于主语之后。

例句:The sun rises in the east.(太阳从东方升起)2. 主谓宾结构:除了主语和谓语外,有些句子还包括宾语。

宾语位于动词之后,表示动作的承受者或影响者。

例句:She is reading a book.(她正在读一本书)3. 主系表结构:有些句子的谓语动词不表示动作,而是表示状态,这时它后面往往会跟一个表语。

例句:He is a teacher.(他是一名老师)三、时态和语态1. 时态:时态用来表示动作或状态发生的时间。

语法重点与讲解

语法重点与讲解

语法重点与讲解一、名词的分类与用法名词是语言中最基本的词类之一,它用来指代人、事物、动物、抽象概念等。

根据其性质和用法,名词可以分为以下几类:1.普通名词:指代一般的人、事物、动物等,如“桌子”、“学生”等。

2.专有名词:指特定的人、地点、机构等,如“李明”、“北京”等。

专有名词通常以大写字母开头。

3.集体名词:指代一群人或事物,如“家庭”、“学生会”等。

它们在句中作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式要与其意义相一致。

4.抽象名词:指代抽象的概念或状态,如“爱”、“幸福”等。

抽象名词通常没有具体的形象,需要通过上下文来理解其意义。

5.可数名词与不可数名词:可数名词可以用来计数,有单数和复数形式,如“书”、“苹果”;不可数名词无法计数,只有单数形式,如“水”、“爱”。

二、动词时态与语态动词时态和语态是语法中的重要概念,它们用来表示动作的时间和主语与谓语之间的关系。

1.时态:动词的时态分为一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时等。

一般现在时用于表示现在经常发生的动作或客观事实;一般过去时用于表示过去发生的动作或状态;一般将来时用于表示将来要发生的动作或计划。

2.语态:动词的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。

主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。

被动语态的构成是由助动词“be”加上动词的过去分词形式。

三、句子成分与句子结构句子是语言中最基本的单位,由主语、谓语和宾语等成分构成。

了解句子成分和句子结构对于正确理解和使用语言至关重要。

1.主语:句子的主语是句子中的核心成分,它通常是一个名词或代词,用来表示动作的执行者或状态的拥有者。

2.谓语:句子的谓语是句子中的核心成分,它通常是一个动词,用来表示动作或状态。

3.宾语:句子的宾语是句子中的重要成分,它通常是一个名词或代词,用来表示动作的承受者或影响的对象。

4.状语:句子的状语是句子中的修饰成分,它可以表示时间、地点、方式、原因等,用来对动作或状态进行补充说明。

基础知识讲义 语法

基础知识讲义 语法

基础知识讲义语法一、词性知识最基本:两大词类,各自具有六种词性(一)实词名词表示人或事物名称的词。

表示人名、时间、处所、方位、事物、抽象概念动词表示动作行为、发展变化、心理活动等意义的词。

动作行为穿、跑存在变化增加、缩小、有、心理活动想、懊悔可能意愿应该必须趋向起来、下去、上去形容词表示事物的形状、性质或状态的词。

常用来修饰名词,恰当使用能把事物描写得具体生动。

形状:大、小、高、圆性质:镇定、勇敢、乐观状态:朦胧、橘红、远数量词表示事物单位的常用在名词前边,表示动作行为的用在动词后面。

数词:表示数量。

有的表示确数,有的表示约数(概数),有的表示序数。

量词:表示单位的量词。

有表示事物的单位(有表示个体的,只、个、枝、条;有表示集体的,双、对、类、帮;有表示不定量的,些、点;有表示度量衡的,丈、尺)。

有表示动作行为的单位,回、次、下、趟、阵、番代词起指代作用的词。

人称代词:代替人或事物的名称(他们——可专指男性,也可男女兼有。

“我们”指说话人,有时也包括听话人;“咱们”一定包括说话人和听话人)疑问代词:提出问题指示代词:区别人或事物(“那”用于远指,“这”用于近指。

)(二)虚词副词用在动词、形容词前面,表示行为、动作或性质状态的程度、范围、时间、频率、情势、语气等。

(常用的副词有——很、更、最、非常、都、只才、就、已经、刚刚、立刻、忽然、渐渐、终于、不、滑、大概、简直。

连词起连接作用的词。

(复句关系)介词用在名词、代词前面,和这些词合起来表示动作、行为、性状的起止、方向、处所、时间、对象、方式、原因、目的、比较等。

常用介词自、从、以、当、为、按照,由于、对于、为了、到,和、跟、把、比、在、关于,除了、同、对、向、往、朝……用在名词代词前,修饰动形要记牢。

助词没有独立性,意义最不实在的虚词。

结构助词:的地得前两个词表示修饰关系,“得”表示补充关系。

动态助词:着了过,表示动作、行为的状态。

“着”表示动作行为正在进行中,“了”表示已经完成,“过”表示曾经发生过。

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北京地区成人本科学位英语统一考试第一章语法重点串讲第一节动词的时态考试重点:一般现在时(if 从句和as soon as 从句);进行时表将来;现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别;完成时瞬间动词以及have (has)been, have(has)gone的区别;过去完成时的时间状语;将来完成时。

一、一般现在式:1、表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态:常和always, usually, often ,sometimes, every day, every week的等时间状语连用。

例:He goes to work every day. 他每天去上班。

2、表示普遍的真理。

由于是众所周知的客观事实,所以一般不用时间状语。

例:The earth is round. 地球是圆的。

3、有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般现在时。

例:I don’t think you are right.我以为你错了。

4、在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作:常用的连词有as soon as,when,till,if。

(1)They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they ________their exams.A. have finishedB. finishC. finishedD. was finishing(答案:B)(1996年22题)(2)When the mixture ______, it will give off a powerful force.A. will heatB. will be heatedC. is heatedD. has heated(答案:C)(1992年59题)二、一般过去时:1、表示过去的动作或状态:常和过去时间状语连用。

just now, last year, when I was 8years old等。

例:You've already missed too many classes this term .You _____ two classes just last week.A. missedB. would missC. had missedD. have missed(答案:A。

有具体的时间状语要用过去时。

)(1995年59题)2、used to do sth:过去常常做…例:I used to take a walk in the morning.我过去是在早晨散步。

(意味着现在不在早晨散步了。

)3、it is high time(that)…句型中,谓语动词用过去时。

例:Don’t you think it is time you _____ smoking?A. give upB. gave upC. would give upD. should give up(答案:B)(1999年31题)三、一般将来时1、will(shall)+原形动词:表示将来的动作或状态。

例:He will come and help you. 他会来帮助你的。

2、be going to +动词原形:表示马上就要发生的事情或打算好要做的事。

例:Are you going to attend the lecture? 你打算去听这个演讲吗?3、be to +动词原形:表示安排或计划好了的动作。

例:The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.三环路将在国庆节前通车。

4、be about to +动词原形:表示即将发生的动作。

5、例:The lecture is about to begin.讲座即将开始。

6、某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词如:go ,come, start, arrive,leave 等的现在进行时可表示将来。

(1)We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow. 我们明天动身去北京。

(2)The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan tonight. 外宾今晚到达济南。

四、过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作,常用于宾语从句。

例:He wanted to know when the conference would start.他想知道会议何时开始。

五、现在进行时1、表示此时此刻(说话时)正在进行的动作。

例:The teacher is talking with his students. 这位老师正在同他的学生交谈。

2、表示现阶段正在进行的动作,但此刻并不一定在进行。

例:I am attending a conference in Beijing. 我正在北京参加一个会议。

六、过去进行时1、表示在过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。

常需用表示过去的时间状语或通过上下文来判断时间。

例:He was doing his homework from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点他正在做作业。

2、when 和while 的用法(1)I fell and hurt myself while I _____tennis.A. was playingB. am playingC. playD. played(答案:A。

连接词when 表示时间上的点,其所引导的句子用过去时,while 表示持续的一段时间,其所引导的句子用过去进行时。

)(1998年43题)(2)When you _____ this over with her, you should not see her any more.A. talkB. talkedC. will talkD. talking(答案为B)(1999年35题)(3)One of the guards _____ when the general came in, which made him very angry.A. has sleptB. were sleeping C, slept D. was sleeping(答案为D)(1996年23题)3、过去进行时表示过去将来的动作。

现在进行时可以表示将来的动作,同样,过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时间看将来要发生的动作。

例:He went to see Xiao Li. He was leaving early the next morning.他去看小李。

他第二天一早就要离开此地了。

七、现在完成时1、表示动作刚刚结束(常和just, now, already, yet等词连用);或表示动作的结果(一般不用时间状语)。

(1)Li Ming has just turned off the light. 李明刚刚把灯关上。

(说明现在灯已经关上了)(2)I have lost my pen. 我把笔丢了。

(说明过去某时丢的,现在我还没有找到这支笔。

)2、表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在,并且可能会继续延续下去(常用since引导的短语或从句,或由for 引导的短语连用)。

(1)He has lived here for 30 years. 他住在这儿已经三十年了。

(现在还住在这儿)(2)They’ve known each other since childhood. 他们从小彼此相识。

(现在还继续来往)3、非延续性动词的完成时和it is +时间+since…..(过去时)英语中有些动词不能延续,因此不能和表示延续的时间状语连用。

(1)He has _____ the army for ten years and is now an officer.A. gone intoB. joined inC. been inD. come into(答案:C。

用现在完成时表示“继续”的概念时,只能用含有持续意义的动词,不可用瞬间性动词。

)(1995年49题)(2)It is 3 years since I left Shanghai .我离开上海已经三年了。

(如果是非延续动词,这时常用it is +时间+since 的句型代替,从句用过去时态。

)4、have(has)been to 和have (has)gone to 的区别have(has )been to:去过某地(表示某人的一种经历),可以和once,twice,often,never,ever 连用。

have(has)gone to:去某地了(表示某人已经离开此地,在去某地的路途上或已在某地,所以一般来说此句型只用于第三人称),此句型不能与上述时间状语连用。

(1)He has gone to America.(意思为他已经去了美国,现在不在此地)(2)He has been to America twice. 他去过美国两次。

八、过去完成时1、表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作(即过去的过去)。

这个过去的某一时间可用by, before等介词或连词引导的短语或一个从句来表示。

例:About the sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read, the Chinese _____ paper.A. inventedB. had inventedC. have inventedD. had been invented(答案:B)(1997年35题)2、表示从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到另一个过去的时间的动作。

例:The chemistry class _____ for five minutes when we hurried there.A. had been onB. was onC. has been onD. would be on(答案:A)(1995年24题)3、在含有before, after, as soon as 等连词引导的状语从句的复合句中,由于连词本身可以明确表示动作发生的先后顺序,因此,主句和从句都可以用一般过去时表示,而不用过去完成时。

例:I called him as soon as I arrived.我刚一到就给他打电话。

4、过去完成时常用在no s ooner …than…, hardly/scarcely/barely…when…,一…就…。

句型之中,句子到装。

(1)No sooner had we sat down _____ we found it was time to go.A. thanB. whenC. asD. while(答案为A)(1997年50题)(2)Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out.他刚打开门,蜡烛就被一阵风吹灭了。

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