1998年4月pascal试卷及答案
pascal语言试题及答案
pascal语言试题及答案1. Pascal语言的创始人是谁？- A. Dennis Ritchie- B. Bjarne Stroustrup- C. Niklaus Wirth- D. Guido van Rossum答案： C2. 以下哪个选项不是Pascal语言的特性？- A. 结构化编程- B. 强类型- C. 面向对象- D. 编译型语言答案： C3. Pascal语言中，用于声明变量的关键字是什么？- A. var- B. let- C. def- D. declare答案： A4. 在Pascal中，以下哪个运算符用于比较两个变量是否不相等？ - A. =- B. <>- C. ==- D. !=答案： B5. Pascal语言中，以下哪个关键字用于定义函数？- A. function- B. procedure- C. define- D. method答案： A6. 在Pascal中，如何声明一个整型数组？- A. var arr: array[1..10] of integer;- B. var arr: integer[1..10];- C. var arr: integer array[1..10];- D. var arr: integer[10];答案： A7. Pascal语言中，以下哪个语句用于循环执行一段代码？ - A. loop- B. repeat- C. while- D. for答案： D8. 在Pascal中，以下哪个关键字用于定义过程？- A. function- B. procedure- C. subroutine- D. method答案： B9. Pascal语言中，以下哪个运算符用于取模运算？- A. %- B. mod- C. div- D. rem答案： D10. 在Pascal中，以下哪个关键字用于定义一个记录类型？ - A. record- B. struct- C. type- D. class答案： A。
1998年世界大学生数学竞赛初试试题及详细答案
k
1 2
2 − 2(x − 1 2 ) . If (1) holds for
k 1 2 2
1 2
− 22 −1 −2(x k+1 − 22 −1 (x −
− 22
1 2 k 2 2 −1 2) 1 (x − 2 ) −
which is (2) for n = k + 1. Using (1) we can compute the integral,
2
1 Because h(0) = h(1) = − 2 , there exists a real number 0 < η < 1 for which h (η ) = 0. But g = f 2 · h , and we are done. b) If f has at least one zero, let z1 be the first one and z2 be the last one. (The set of the zeros is closed.) By the conditions, 0 < z1 ≤ z2 < 1. The function f is positive on the intervals [0, z1 ) and (z2 , 1]; this implies that f (z1 ) ≤ 0 and f (z2 ) ≥ 0. Then g (z1 ) = f (z1 ) ≤ 0 and g (z2 ) = f (z2 ) ≥ 0, and there exists a real number η ∈ [z1 , z2 ] for which g (η ) = 0. 2 the conditions hold and f · f + f is constantly 0. Remark. For the function f (x) = x+1
1998年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试真题及答案
1998年同等学力人员申请硕士学位外国语水平全国统一考试真题及答案Paper One 试卷一(90 minutes)Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes, 15 points) （略）Part II Vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 for each ) Section ADirections:In each item, choose one word that best keeps the meaning of the sentence if it is substituted for the underlined word. Mark out pour choice on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.16. People of diverse backgrounds now fly to distant places for pleasure, business or education.A) different B)distinctive C) similar D) separate17. The fun of playing the game was a greater incentive than the prize.A) motive B) initiative C)excitement D) entertainment18. Sometimes the messages are conveyed through deliberate, conscious gestures; other times, our bodies talk without our even knowing.A) definite B) intentional C) delicate D) interactive19.Hunters have almost exterminated many of the larger animals while farmers destroyed many smaller animals.A) wounded B)reduced C) killed D) trapped 20. Today black children in South Africa are still reluctant to study subjects from which they were effectively barred for so long.A) anxious B) curious C)opposed D) unwilling21. If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mockingbird initiatesa set of actions to protect its offspring.A) hastens B) triggers C)devises D) releases22. Panic swept through the swimmers as they caught sight of a huge shark approaching menacingly.A) Tension B) Excitement C)Fear D) Nervousness23. Lighting levels are carefully controlled to fall within an acceptable level for optimal reading convenience.A) ideal B) required C)optional D) standard24. Many observers believe that country will remain in a state ofchaos if it fails to solve its chronic food shortage problem.A) transient B) starving C) severe D) serial25. The exhibition is designed to facilitate further cooperation between Chinese TV industry and overseas TV industries.A) establish B)maximize C) guarantee D) promote Section BDirections: In each question, decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark out pour choice on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.26. Anyone who can study abroad is fortunate; but, of course, it is not easy to make the_________ from one culture to anotherA) transaction . B) transportation C) transmission D) transition27. We_________ that diet is related to most types of cancer but we don't have definite proof.A) assure B) suspect C) ascertain D) suspend28. How large a proportion of the sales of stores in or near resort areas can be_________ to tourist spending?A) contributed B)applied C) attributed D) attached29. Not all persons arrested and_________ with a crime are guilty, and the main function of criminal courts is to determine who is guilty under the law.A) sentenced B) accused C)persecuted D) charged30. He_________ in court that he had seen the prisoner run out of the bank after it had been robbed.A) justified B) witnessed C)testified D) identified31. If you are a member of a club, you must_________ to the rules of that club.A) conform B) appeal C)refer D) access32. With the constant change of the conditions, the outcome is not always_________.A) favorable B) predictable C) dependable D) reasonable33. Instead of answering the question, the manager_________ his shoulders as if it were not important.A) shrugged B) touched C) raised D) patted34. I am sorry for the_________ tone of your letter, but feel sure that things are not so bad with you as you say.A) apologetic B)threatening C) pessimistic D) grateful 35. A patient who is dying of incurable cancer of the throat is in terrible pain, which can no longer be satisfactorily _________.A) diminished B)alleviated C) relaxed D) abolishedPart II Reading Comprehension (50 minutes, 30 Points) Directions: There are 6 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A , B, C and D . You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Passage OneNuclear power's danger to health, safety, and even life itself can be summed up in one word: radiation.Nuclear radiation has a certain mystery about it, partly because it cannot be detected by human senses. It can't be seen or heard, or touched or tasted, even though it may be all around us.There are other things like that. For example, radio waves are all around us but we can't sense radioactivity without a radiation detector .But unlike common radio waves, nuclear radiation is not harmless to human beings and other living things.At very high levels, radiation can kill an animal or human being outright by killing masses of cell in vital organs. But even the lowest levels can do serious damage. There is no level of radiation that is completely safe. If the radiation does nor hit anything important, the damage may not be significant. This is the case when only a few cells are hit, and if they arc killed outright. Your body will replace the dead cells with healthy ones. But if the few cells arc only damaged, and if they reproduce themselves, you may be in trouble. They reproduce themselves in a deformed way. They can grow into cancer. Sometimes this does not show up for many years.This is another reason for some of the mystery about nuclear radiation. Serious damage can be done without the victim being aware at the time that damage has occurred. A person can be irradiated and feel fine, then die of cancer five, ten, or twenty years later as a result. Or a child can be born weak or liable to serious illness as a result of radiation absorbed by its grandparents.Radiation can hurt us. We must know the truth.36. According to the passage, the danger of nuclear power lies in_________.A) nuclear mystery B) radiation detectionC) radiation level D) nuclear radiation37. Radiation can cause serious consequences even at the lowest level _________.A) when it kills few cellsB) if it damages few cellsC) though the damaged cells can repair themselvesD) unless the damaged cells can reproduce themselves38. The word “significant” in paragraph 3 most probably means _________.A) remarkable B)meaningful C)fatal D) harmful39. Radiation can hurt us in the way that it can _________.A) kill large numbers of cells in main organs so as to cause death immediately.B) damage cells which nay grow into cancer years laterC) affect the healthy growth of our offspringD) All of the above.40. Which of the following can be best inferred from the passage?A) The importance of protection from radiation cannot beover-emphasized.B) The mystery about radiation remains unsolved.C) Cancer is mainly caused by radiation.D) Radiation can hurt those who are not aware of its danger. Passage TwoIn some ways, the United States has made spectacular progress. Fires no longer destroy 18,000 buildings as they did in the Great Chicago Fire of 1871, or kill half a town of 2,400 people, as they did the same night in Peshtigo, Wisconsin. Other than the Beverly Hill Supper Club fire in Kentucky, in 1977, it has been four decades since more than 100 Americans died in a fire.But even with such successes, the United States still has one of the worst fire death rates in the world. Safety experts say the problem is neither money nor technology, but the indifference of a country that just will not take Fires seriously enough.American fire departments are some of the world's fastest and best equipped. They have to be. The United States has twice Japan's population, and 40 times as man`' Fires. It spends far less on preventing fires than on fighting them. American Fire-safety lessons are aimed almost entirely at children, who die in disproportionately large numbers in fires but who, contrary to popular myth, start very few of them.Experts say the fatal error is an attitude that fires are not really anyone's fault. Thai is not so in other countries, where both public education and the law treat Fires as either a personal failing or a crime. Japan has many wood houses; of the estimated 48 fires in world history that burned more than 10,000 buildings, Japan has had 27. Penalties for by negligence can be as high as life imprisonment.In the United States, most education dollars are spent in elementary schools. But the lessons are aimed at too limited an audience; just 9 percent of all Fire deaths are caused by children playing with matches.The United States continues to rely more on technology than laws or social pressure. There are smoke detectors in 85 percent of all homes. Some local building codes now require home sprinklers. New heaters and irons shut themselves off if they are tipped.41. The reason why so many Americans die in fires is that _________.A) they took no interest in new technologyB) they did not attach great importance to preventing firesC) they showed indifference to fighting FiresD) they did not spend enough money on fire facilities42. Although the Fire death rate has declined, the United States ________.A) still has the worst fire death rate in the worldB) is still alert to the fire problemC) is still training a large number of safety expertsD) is still confronted with the serious fire problem43. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A) fire safety lessons should be aimed at American adultsB) American children have not received enough education of fire safety lessonC) Japan is better equipped with fire facilities than the Untied StatesD) America's large population accounts for high fire frequency44. In what aspects should the United States learn from Japan?A) Architecture and building material.B) Education and technology.C) Laws and attitude.D) All of the above45. To narrow the gap between the fire death rate in the United States and that in other countries, the author suggests ________.A) developing new technologyB) counting more on laws and social pressureC) placing a fire extinguisher in every familyD) reinforcing the safeness of household appliancesPassage ThreeThere are hidden factors which scientists call “feedback mechanisms”. No one knows quite how they will interact with the changing climate. Here's one example: plants and animals adapt to climate change over centuries. At the current estimate of half a degree centigrade of warming per decade, vegetation(植物) may not keep up. Climatologist James Hansen predicts climate zones will shift toward the poles by 50 to 75kilometres a year-faster than trees can naturally migrate. Species that find themselves in an unfamiliar environment will die. The 1000kilometre-wide strip of forest running through Canada, the USSR and Scandinavia could be cut by half. Millions of dying trees would soon lead to massive forest fires, releasing ions of CO2 and further boosting global warming.There arc dozens of other possible. feedback mechanisms'. Higher temperatures will fuel condensation and increase cloudiness, which may actually damp down global warming. Others, like the‘albedo’ effect, will do the opposite. The. ‘albedo’ effect is the amount of solar energy reflected by the earth's surface. As northern ice and snow melts and the darker sea and land pokes( 戳) through, more heat will be absorbed, adding to the global temperature increase.Even if we were to magically stop all greenhouse-gas emissions tomorrow the impact on global climate would continue for decades. Delay will simply make the problem worse. The fact is that some of us are doing quite well the way things are. In the developed world prosperity has been built on 150 years of cheap fossil fuels.Material progress has been linked to energy consumption. Today 75 per cent of all the world's energy is consumed by a quarter of the world's population. The average rich world resident adds about 3.2 tons of CO2 yearly to the atmosphere, more than four times the level added by each Third World citizen. The US, with just seven per cent of the global population, is responsible for 22 per cent of global warming.46.”Feedback mechanisms” in paragraph 1 most probably refer to ________.A) how plants and animals adapt to hidden factorsB) how plants and animals interact with the changing climateC) how climate changesD) how climate zones shift47. James Hansen predicts that the shift of climate zones will be accompanied by ________.A) the cutting of many trees.B) desirable environmental changes.C) successful migration of species.D) unsuccessful migration of trees.48. We can learn from the passage that ________.A) some feedback mechanisms may slow down global warmingB) the basic facts of global warming are unknownC) developing countries benefit from cheap fossil fuelsD) developed countries have decided to reduce their energy consumption49. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A) the developing world has decided to increase its energy consumptionB) a third-world citizen adds less than a ton of CO2 yearly to the atmosphereC) the world climate would soon gain its balance if we stopped greenhouse gas emissionsD) future prosperity of the world is dependent on cheap fossil fuels50. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?A) Material progress and energy consumption.B) Prosperity and cheap fossil fuels.C) Impact of global warming on climate.D) Plants and animals in the changing climate.Passage FourLearning disabilities are very common. They affect perhaps 10 percent of all children. Four times as many boys as girls have learning disabilities.Since about 1970, new research has helped brain scientists understand these problems better. Scientists now know there are many different kinds of learning disabilities and that theyare caused by many different things. There is no longer any question that all learning disabilities result from differences in the way the brain is organized.You cannot look at a child and tell if he or she has a learning disability. There is no outward sign of the disorder. So some researchers began looking at the brain itself to learn what might be wrong.In one study, researchers examined the brain of a learning-disabled person, who had died in an accident. They found two unusual things. One involved cells in the left side of the brain, which control language. These cells normally are white. In the learning disabled person, however, these cells were gray. The researchers also found that many of the nerve cells were not in a line the way they should have been. The nerve cells were mixed together.The study was carried out under the guidance of NormanGeschwind, an early expert on learning disabilities. Doctor Geschwind proposed that learning disabilities resulted mainly from problems in the left side of the brain. He believed this side of the brain failed to develop normally. Probably, he said, nerve cells there did not connect as they should. So the brain was like an electrical device in which the wires were crossed.Other researchers did not examine brain tissue. Instead, they measured the brain's electrical activity and made a map of the electrical signals.Frank Duffy experimented with this technique at Children's Hospital Medical Center in Boston. Doctor Duffy found large differences in the brain activity of normal children and those with reading problems. The differences appeared throughout the brain. Doctor Duffy said his research is evidence that reading disabilities involve damage to a wide area of the brain, not just the left side.51. Scientists found that the brain cells of a learning-disabled person differ from those of a normal person in ________.A) structure and functionB) color and functionC) size and arrangementD) color and arrangement .52. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A) Learning disabilities may result from the unknown area of the brain.B) Learning disabilities may result from damage to a wide area of the brain.C) Learning disabilities may result from abnormal organization of brain cells.D) Learning disabilities may result from problems in the left side of the brain.53. All of the following statements are true EXCEPT that ________.A) many factors account for learning disorderB) a learning disabled person shows no outward signsC) reading disabilities are a common problem that affects 10 percent of the populationD) the brain activity of learning disabled children is different from that of normal children54. Doctor Duffy believed that ________.A) he found the exact cause of learning disabilitiesB) the problem of learning disabilities was not limited to the left side of the brainC) the problem of learning disabilities resulted from the left side of the brainD) the problem of learning disabilities did not lie in the left side of the brain55. According to the passage we can conclude that further researches should be made ________.A) to investigate possible influences on brain development and organizationB) to study, how children learn to read and write, and use numbersC) to help learning disabled children to develop their intelligenceD) to explore how the left side of the brain functions in language learningPassage FiveVisual impairment(视觉障碍) carries with it a reduced or restricted ability to travel through one's physical and social environment until adequate orientation and mobility skills have been established. Because observational skills are more limited,self-control within the immediate surroundings is limited. The visually impaired person is less able to anticipate hazardous situations or obstacles to avoid.Orientation refers to the mental map one has of one's surroundings and to the relationship between self and that environment. The mental map is best generated by moving through the environment and piecing together relationships, object by object,in an organized approach. With little or no visual feedback to reinforce this mental map, a visually impaired person must rely on memory for key landmarks and other clues. Landmarks and clues enable visually impaired persons to affirm their position in Space.Mobility, on the other hand, is the ability to travel safely and efficiently from one point to another within one's physical and social environment. Good orientation skills are necessary to good mobility skills. Once visually impaired students learn to travel safely as pedestrians(行人) they also need to learn to use public transportation to become as independent as possible .To meet the expanding needs and demands of the visually impaired person, there is a sequence of instruction that begins during the preschool years and may continue after high school. Many visually impaired children lack adequate concepts regarding time and space or objects and events in their environment. During the early years much attention is focused on the development of some fundamental concepts, such as inside or outside, in front of or behind, fast or slow, movement of traffic, the variety or intersections, elevators or escalators, and so forth. These concepts are essential to safe, efficient travel through familiar and unfamiliar settings, first within buildings, then in residential neighborhoods, and finally in business communities.56. How can we increase the visually impaired person's ability to travel through his physical and social environment?A) By helping him develop adequate orientation and mobility skills.B) By teaching him to learn observational skills.C) By warning him of hazardous situations or obstacles.D) By improving his visual ability.57. The visually impaired person's position in space ________.A) is not determined by memory but by physical landmarks and cluesB) is located in relation to other items in his mental mapC) enables him to construct the mental mapD) reinforces the mental map of his surroundings58. Mobility skills which the visually impaired person is learning refer to the ability ________.A) to travel as a dependent touristB) to travel as a pedestrian and a passengerC) to travel as a pedestrian with a companyD) to travel within the safe physical and social environment59. In the passage, the author insists that ________.A) visually impaired children go to school for survivalB) the needs and demands of visually impaired children expandC) visually impaired children acquire the fundamental concepts for safe mobility .D) preschool children receive the instruction in the concepts of time and space or objects and events60. What is the author mainly talking about in the passage?A) Visual impairment and memory.B) The visually impaired person's physical and social environment.C) Mental development of the visually impaired person.D) Orientation and mobility of the visually impaired person. Passage SixOur bodies are wonderfully skilful at maintaining balance. When the temperature jumps, we sweat to cool down. When our blood pressure falls, our hearts pound to compensate. As it turned out, though, our natural state is not a steady one .Researchers are finding that everything from blood pressure to brain function varies rhythmically with the cycles of sun, moon and seasons. And their insights are yielding new strategies for keeping sway such common killers as heart disease and cancer. Only one doctor in 20 has a good knowledge of the growing field of “chronotherapeutics,” the strategic use of time (chronos) in medicine. But according to a new American Medical Association poll, three out of four are eager to change that “The field is exploding", says Michael Smolensky. “Doctors used to look at us like, ‘What spaceship did you guys get off ?’ Now they’re thirsty to know more."In medical school, most doctors learn that people with chronic conditions should take their medicine at steady rates. “It's a terrible way to treat disease," says Dr. Richard Martin. For example, asthmatics (气喘患者) are most likely to suffer during the night. Yet most patients strive to keep a constant level of medicine in their blood day and night, whether by breathing in on an inhaler (吸入器) four times a day or taking a pill each morning and evening. In recent studies, researchers have found that a large mid-afternoon dose of a bronchodilator(支气管扩张剂) can be as safe as several small doses, and better for preventing nighttime attacks.If the night belongs to asthma, the dawn belongs to high blood pressure and heart disease. Heart attacks are twice as common at 9 a.m. as at 11 p. m.. Part of the reason is that our blood pressure fails predictably at night, then peaks as we start to work for the day. “Doctors know that”, says Dr. Henry Black of Chicago’s Medical Center, “but until now, we haven't been able to do anything about it." Most blood pressure drugs provide 18 to 20 hours of relief. But because they're taken in the morning, they're least effective when most needed. “You take your pill at 7and it's working by 9,”says Dr. William White of the University of Connecticut Health Center, “but by that time yo u've gone through the worst four hours of the day with no protection ,” Bedtime dosing would prevent thatlapse ,but it would also push blood Pressure to dangerously low levelsduring the night.61 . According to the passage, how do human bodies maintain balance?A) They adjust themselves timely in line with their Physical conditions .B) People increase or lower the body temperature by sweating.C) People's hearts pound to compensate when the blood pressure goes up.D) Both B and C.62. Researchers are finding that ________.A). heart disease and cancer are the most common killers of human beingsB) blood pressure and brain function are decided by cycles of sun, moon and seasonsC) the functions of human bodies have much to do with natureD) any change in human bodies goes systematically with changes in the environment63. According to the author, it is best for asthmatics to take their medicines ________.A) at steady ratesB) each morning and eveningC) when the disease occursD) at mid-afternoon64. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A) Doctors know more about chronotherapeutics than before.B) Doctors in the U.S. used to be thirsty the U.S. used to be thirsty to know more about the new medical field.C) The researchers, insights are providing new strategies to prevent common killers .D) The strategic use of time in medicine attracts more attention in the medical circle in the U.S.65. The suggested title for this passage might be ________.A) Medicine is EverythingB) Treatment is EverythingC) Timing is EverythingD) Prevention is EverythingPart IV Cloze Test (15 minutes,10 points)Directions:There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B, C and D on the right side on the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with single line through the center.Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style oftheir own.__66__the turn of the century when jazz(爵士乐)was born, America had no prominent__67 __of its own. No one knows exactly when jazz was__ 68__, or by whom., but it began to be__69__in the early 1900s. Jazz is America's contribution to__70__music. In contrast to classical music, which__71__ formal European traditions. jazz is spontaneous and free-form. It bubbles with energy, __72__ moods, interests, and emotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz__73__like American, and__74__it does today. The__75__of this music are as interesting as the music__76__ . American Negroes, or blacks, as they are called today, were the Jazz__77__. They were brought to the Southern states__ 78__ slaves.They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long__79__. When a Negro died, his friends and relatives__80__a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a band often accompanied the__ 81__. On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn music suited to the occasion.__82__on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death had removed one of their__83__, but the living were glad to be alive. The band played__84__music, improvising (即兴表演) on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes__85__at the funeral. This music made everyone want to dance. It was an early form of Jazz.66. A) By B) At C)In D) On67. A) music B) song C) melody D) style68. A) discovered B) acted C)invented D) designed69. A) noticed B) found C)listened D) heard70. A) classical B) sacred C)Popular D) light71. A) forms B) follows C) approaches D) introduces72. A) expressing B) explaining C) exposing D) illustrating73. A) appeared B)felt C)seemed D) sounded 74. A) as B) so C)either D) neither75. A) origins B) originals C) discoveries D) resources76. A) concerned B) itself C) available D) oneself77. A) Players B) followers C)fans D) pioneers78. A) for B) as C)with D) by79. A) months B) weeks C)hours D) times80. A) demonstrated B) composed C)hosted D) formed81. A) demonstration B) procession C)body D) march82. A) Even B) Therefore C) Furthermore D) But83. A) number B) members C) body D) relations84. A) sad B) solemn C) happy D) funeral85. A) whistled B) sung C) presented D) showedPaper One 试卷二(60 minutes)Part I Error Detection and Correction (10 minutes, 10 points) Directions:Each of the following sentences has four underlined parts. These ports are labeled A, B, C and D. Identify the pert of the sentence that is incorrect and mark out your choice on the ANSWER SHEET Then, without altering the meaning of the sentence, write down pour correction on the line on the ANSWER SHEET .。
noip竞赛试题1998答案
第四届初赛参考答案一、选择填空：共25分1．不属于操作系统的软件是 C 。
{1%}2．MS-DOS系统对磁盘信息进行管理和使用是以A 为单位的。
{1%}3．在计算机内部，用来传送、存贮、加工处理的数据或指令（命令）都是以C 形式进行的。
{1%}4．解释正确的是D。
{3%} 5．最后复制的结果是A 。
{2%} 6．最小的一个数是C 。
{2%} 7．等式中的52，19，33，分别为B 。
{3%} 8．①这样表示法的整数a的范围应是 A 。
{2%}②在这样表示法中， D 说法是正确的。
{2%} 9．当x=80时，运行的结果为 E 。
{2%}当x=5时，运行的结果为 D 。
{2%} 10．出栈的元素序列是 D 。
{4%}二、问题求解：共20分1．当K= 3 ，a1,a2,…,a k为a1=3,a2=-3,a3=1时，对数列122232,…,n2,…（A）成立。
{3%+3%）2．（1）读过a的人数是12人。
（2）一本书也没读过的人数是30人。
{3%+4%} 3．当n=1998,k=3时，x j x j-1…x0之值为2202000 。
{7%}三、阅读程序，写出程序的正确运行结果：共39分1．输出：max=42 {7%} 2．输出结果为：{10%}1 3 4 10 112 5 9 12 196 8 13 18 207 14 17 21 2415 16 22 23 253．输出：S=1024 {10%} 4．输出：10 20 34 45 55 65 80 90 100 {1 2%}S=9输入：input data:10输出：2四、根据题意，补充完善以下程序：（14%）PASCAL语言BASIC语言①N：=N+1 ；{1%} 30 N=N+1②CH[K]：=A[i] ；{2%} 100 CH＄（K）=A＄（I）③N：=K ；{2%} 160 N=K④B[M]：…＄‟ ；{2%} 180 B＄（M）<>“＄”⑤CH[i]=B[j] {3%} 210 CH＄（I）=B＄（J）⑥i:=i+1 ; {2%} 220 240⑦j>M-1 {2%} 260 J>M-1。
1999年—2012年信息学奥赛提高组初赛试题PASCAL(附答案_完整)
C．关于逻辑与的分配律： a (b c ) (a b ) (a c ) D．关于逻辑或的分配律： a (b c ) (a b ) (a c ) 8．十进制下的无限循环小数（不包括循环节内的数字均为 0 成均为 9 的平凡情况） ，在二进 制下有可能是（ ） 。 A．无限循环小数(不包括循环节内的数字均为 0 或均为 9 的平凡情） B．无限不循环小数 C．有限小数 D．整数 9． （ ）是目前互联网上常用的 E-mail 服务协议。 A．HTTP B．FTP C．POP3 D．SMTP 10．以下关于计算复杂度的说法中，正确的有（ ） 。 A．如果一个问题不存在多项式时间的算法，那它一定是 NP 类问题 B．如果一个问题不存在多项式时间的算法，那它一定不是 P 类问题 C．如果一个问题不存在多项式空间的算法，那它一定是 NP 类问题 D．如果一个问题不存在多项式空间的算法，那它一定不是 P 类问题 三、问题求解（共 2 题，每题 5 分，共计 10 分） 1． 本题中，我们约定布尔表达式只能包含 p，q，r 三个布尔变量，以及“与” （∧） 、 “或” （∨） 、 “非” （￢）三种布尔运算。如果无论 p，q，r 如何取值，两个布尔表达式的值总是相 同，则称它们等价。例如(p∨q)∨r 和 p∨(q∨r)等价，p∨￢p 和 q∨￢q 也等价；而 p∨q 和 p ∧q 不等价。那么两两不等价的布尔表达式最多有 个。 2． 对于一棵二叉树，独立集是指两两互不相邻的节点构成的集合。例如，图 1 有 5 个不同 的独立集（1 个双点集合，3 个单点集合、1 个空集） ，图 2 有 14 个不同的独立集。那么图 3
CCF NOIP2011 初赛 6 普及组 Pascal
begin readln(n); h := 1; data[h] := 1; ans := 0; for i:=2 to n do begin inc(h); data[h] := 1; while (h>1) and (data[h]=data[h-1]) do merge; end; writeln(ans); end. （1） 输入：8 输出：______________ （4 分） （2） 输入：2012 输出：______________ （4 分） 4． var left, right, father :array[1..20] of integer; sl, s2, s3 :string; n,ana :integer; procedure check(x:integer); begin if left[x]>0 then check(left[x)); s3 := s3 + sl[x]; if right[x]>0 then check(right[x]); end; procedure calc(x,dep :integer); begin ans:= ans + dep*(ord(sl[x])-ord('A')+1);
1998专四真题及答案(完整版)
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (1998)-GRADE FOUR—PART I WRITING （45 MIN）SECTION A COMPOSITION （35 MIN）It is now generally accepted that vehicles (cars, trucks, etc。
) are a major source of air pollution in cities。
You are to suggest only ONE way to solve the problem。
Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:ONE WAY TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMYou are to write in three paragraphs。
In the first paragraph，state what your suggested way is.In the second paragraph, state one or two advantages of your suggestion。
In the last paragraph，bring what you have written to a natural conclusion.Marks will be awarded for content，organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks。
SECTION B NOTE-WRITING （10 MIN)Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a note of about 50—60 words based on the following situation：You are Mark or Sally. You have got a ticket to a computer fair，but you now find that you are unable to go. Write a note to your friend, George，explaining why you are sending the enclosed ticket to him and telling him briefly how to get there. Marks will be awarded for content，organization, grammar and appropriateness.PART II DICTATION (15 MIN)Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times。
一九九八年度程序员级下午试题
一九九八年度程序员级下午试题试题三..joxue.阅读以下程序说明和C程序，将应填人棗（n）棗处的字句，写在答卷的对应栏内。
..joxue.［程序说明］..joxue.打保龄球是用一个滚球去打出十个站立的柱，将柱击倒。
一局分十轮，每轮可滚球一次或多次，以击倒的柱数..joxue.为依据计分。
一局得分为十轮得分之和，而每轮的得分不仅与本轮滚球情况有关，还可能与后续一两轮的；滚..joxue.球情况有关。
即，某轮某次滚球击倒的柱数不仅要计入本轮得分，还可能会计入前一两轮得分。
具体的滚球击..joxue.柱规则和计分方法如下：..joxue.若某一轮的第一次滚球就击倒全部十个柱，则本轮不再滚球。
（若是第十轮则还需另加两次滚球）。
该轮得分..joxue.为本次倒柱数10与以后两次滚球所击倒柱数之和。
..joxue.若某一轮的第一次滚球未击倒十个柱，则可对剩下未倒的柱再滚球一次。
如果这两次滚球击倒全部十个柱，则本..joxue.轮不再滚球（若是第十轮则还需另加一次滚球），该轮得分为本次倒柱数10与以后一次滚球所击倒柱数之和。
..joxue.若某一轮的两次滚球未击倒全部十个柱，则本轮不再继续滚球，该轮得分为这两次滚球击倒的柱数这和。
..joxue.总之，若一轮中一次滚球或两次滚球击倒十个柱，则本轮得分是本轮首次滚球开始的连续三次滚球击倒柱数之..joxue.和（其中有一次或两次不是本轮滚球）。
若一轮内二次滚球击倒柱数不足十个，则本轮得分即为这两次击倒柱..joxue.数之和。
..joxue.以实例说明如下：..joxue...joxue.轮..joxue...joxue.1..joxue...joxue.2..joxue...joxue.3..joxue...joxue.4..joxue...joxue.5..joxue...joxue.6..joxue...joxue...joxue.8..joxue...joxue.9..joxue...joxue.10..joxue...joxue.的..joxue...joxue...joxue.各轮第一次得分..joxue. ..joxue.10..joxue...joxue.10..joxue...joxue.10..joxue...joxue.7..joxue...joxue.9..joxue.8..joxue...joxue.8..joxue...joxue.10..joxue...joxue.9..joxue...joxue.10..joxue...joxue.8..joxue...joxue...joxue.各轮第二次得分..joxue. ..joxue./..joxue...joxue./..joxue...joxue./..joxue...joxue...joxue.1..joxue...joxue.1..joxue...joxue.2..joxue...joxue. /..joxue...joxue.1..joxue...joxue. /..joxue...joxue.2..joxue...joxue...joxue.各轮得分..joxue. ..joxue. 30..joxue...joxue. 27..joxue.19..joxue...joxue.9..joxue...joxue. 18..joxue...joxue.9..joxue...joxue. 20..joxue...joxue. 20..joxue...joxue. 20..joxue...joxue. 20..joxue...joxue. 的..joxue...joxue...joxue.累计总分..joxue. ..joxue.30..joxue. ..joxue. 57..joxue. ..joxue. 76..joxue. ..joxue. 85..joxue. ..joxue. 103..joxue. ..joxue. 112..joxue. ..joxue. 132..joxue. ..joxue. 152..joxue. ..joxue. 172..joxue. ..joxue. 192..joxue. ..joxue. 的..joxue. ..joxue...joxue.本程序是模拟打一局保龄球的过程，统计各轮得分和累计总分。
PASCAL入门测验2（附答案）
PASCAL入门测验2（附答案）小学复赛集训21．问题描述：某科技展教馆的团体入场费30人为50元，超过30人后，每增加1人增加费用1元，为了使所有人平均后的每人费用不超过某个指定的费用m（1< p="">输出：ZuishaoRenshu：31var i,j:longint;m,n:real;begin write('M=');readln(m);i:=30;j:=50;n:=50/30;while n>m do begin i:=i+1;j:=j+1;n:=j/i;end;writeln(i);readln;end.2．三位数345，3<4<5，称这个三位数为“迎春花”数，输出三位数中所有既是“迎春花”数又是质数的数，并统计个数。
(127、137、……、569，S=20)var x,a,b,c,s,y,h:integer;begin for x:=100to999dobegin a:=x div100;b:=x div10mod10;c:=x mod10;s:=0;for y:=1to x doif x mod y=0then s:=s+1;if(s=2)and(a<b)and(bend;write('s=',h);end.3．所有的正整数均可以表示为一个、两个或者多个连续的正整数之和，给定一个不超过30000的正整数，求出它可以用几种不同的方法表示成连续正整数之和。
如给出9，则有三种方法：9，4+5，2+3+4。
（注：方法5+4与方法4+5视为是相同的）用键盘输入一个正整数n（1≤n≤30000），输出与之相应的不同方法种数。
输入输出样例：输入：n=9↙输出：3var s,n,i,j,c:integer;begin write('n=');readln(n);c:=0;for i:=1to n dobegin s:=0;j:=i;while sif s=n then c:=c+1;end;writeln(c);end.4．任意输入一个自然数X，输出它对应的汉语拼音。
pascal(高等难度)试题 (3)
问题１【问题】甲乙丙丁戊五个人在运动会上分获百米、二百米、跳高、跳远和铅球冠军，有四个人猜测比赛结果：Ａ说：乙获铅球冠军，丁获跳高冠军。
Ｂ说：甲获百米冠军，戊获跳远冠军。
Ｃ说：丙获跳远冠军，丁获二百米冠军。
Ｄ说：乙获跳高冠军，戊获铅球冠军。
其中每个人都只说对一句，说错一句。
求五人各获哪项冠军。
【算法】用1,2,3,4,5分别代表百米、二百米、跳高、跳远和铅球５个项目，用a,b,c,d,e 分别代表五人。
如b=3 表示乙获跳高冠军。
用多重循环穷举出来。
【答案】甲乙丙丁戊１２４３５【参考程序】var a,b,c,d,e:byte;beginfor a:=1 to 5 dofor b:=1 to 5 dofor c:=1 to 5 dofor d:=1 to 5 do begine:=15-a-b-c-d;if (ord(b=5)+ord(d=3)=1) and(ord(a=1)+ord(e=4)=1) and(ord(c=4)+ord(d=2)=1) and(ord(b=3)+ord(e=5)=1) and (a*b*c*d*e=120) thenwriteln('a:',a,'b:',b,'c:',c,'d:',d,'e:',e);end;end.问题２【问题】５家工厂的产品在一次评比中分获１，２，３，４，５，在公布结果前，已知Ｅ厂产品肯定不是第二、三名，五厂代表猜测评比结果，Ａ厂的代表说：Ｅ厂一定能获得第一名。
Ｂ厂的代表说：我厂的产品可能获第二名。
Ｃ厂的代表说：Ａ厂的产品质量最次。
Ｄ厂的代表说：Ｃ厂的产品不是最好的。
Ｅ厂的代表说：Ｄ厂的产品会获得第一名。
公布结果后，证明只有产品获第一名和第二名的两个厂的代表猜对了。
求５个厂产品各获第几名。
【答案】ＡＢＣＤＥ５２１３４【参考程序】var a,b,c,d,e:byte;beginfor a:=1 to 5 dofor b:=1 to 5 dofor c:=1 to 5 dofor d:=1 to 5 do begine:=15-a-b-c-d;if (e<>2) and (e<>3) and (a*b*c*d*e=120) thenif(ord(e=1)+ord(b=2)+ord(a=5)+ord(c<>1)+ ord(d=1)=2) and(ord((e=1) and ((a=1) or (a=2)))+ord((b=2) and ((b=1) or (b=2)))+ord((a=5) and ((c=1) or (c=2)))+ord((c<>1) and ((d=1) or (d=2)))+ord((d=1) and ((e=1) or (e=2)))=2) thenwriteln('a:',a,' b:',b,' c:',c,' d:',d,' e:',e); end;end.问题3逻辑判断\v谁是小偷\a问题３\a\v谁获冠军？\a问题１\a\v猜测产品质量评奖\a问题２\a问题３【问题】有Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ四名偷窃嫌疑犯，其中一人是小偷，审问中，Ａ说：“我不是小偷”，Ｂ说：“Ｃ是小偷”，Ｃ说：“小偷肯定是Ｄ”，Ｄ说：“Ｃ在冤枉人”，有三人说真话，一人说假话，问到底谁是小偷？【参考程序】var thief:char;beginfor thief:='A' to 'D' doif ord(thief<>'A')+ord(thief='C')+ord(thief='D')+ord(thief<>'D')=3 then writeln('The Thief is : ',thief); end.问题4字母塔【问题】输出由字母组成的“字母塔”。
1998年上海市初中物理竞赛初赛试题解析
1998年上海市第十二届初中物理竞赛初赛试题说明：本试卷共有46道单项选择题，第1至40题每题3分，第41题至46题每题5分全卷满分150分，答题时间为90分钟。
1.下列物体中，质量最接近50克的物体是( )(A)—枚壹角硬币。
(B)一枚针。
(C)一只鸡蛋。
(D)一瓶啤酒。
2.挂在天花板上的电灯静止不动，下列各对力中属于平衡力的是( )(A)电灯对挂线的拉力和挂线对电灯的拉力。
(B)电灯所受的重力和挂线对电灯的拉力。
(C)电灯所受的重力和电灯对挂线的拉力。
(D)电灯对挂线的拉力和挂线对天花板的拉力。
3.关于运动和力的正确关系是( )(A)没有力作用在物体上，物体就不运动。
(B)只要有力作用在物体上，物体就一定运动。
(C)物体在几个力作用下，运动状态一定要发生变化。
(D)物体在几个力作用下，也可能静止不动。
4.将质量之比为1:3，密度之比为2:1的甲、乙两种液体分别倒入两个相同的圆柱形容器中，甲、乙两液柱高度之比和对容器底的压强之比分别为( )(A)1:3，2:3。
(B)2:1，1:3。
(C)1:6，1:3。
(D)1:6，1:1。
5.有一块冰浮在一杯浓盐水中(冰的密度为0.9×103千克/米3，浓盐水的密度为2.1×103千克/米3)，当冰块全部熔化后，盐水的密度和液面将( )(A)密度变大，液面下降。
(B)密度不变，液面不变。
(C)密度变小，液面不变。
(D)密度变小，液面上升。
6.甲、乙两物体漂浮在同一液体表面时，若它们受到的浮力相等，则表明( )(A)甲、乙两物体的密度相等。
(B)甲、乙两物体的质量相等。
(C)甲、乙两物体的体积相等。
(D)甲、乙两物体露出液面的体积相等。
7.冰在熔化过程中( )(A)吸收一定的热量，温度升高。
(B)吸收一定的热量，温度不变。
(C)放出一定的热量，温度降低。
(D)放出一定的热量，温度不变。
8.在日常生活中，由于保温瓶内开水没有装满，导致后来软木塞不易拔出，这主要是因为( )(A)塞子与瓶口间的摩擦力太大。
pascal入门测试4(答案)
用0、1、2、3、8、7六个数字可以组成各位数字之和能被自然数N整除而又没有重复数字的四位数有多少个，输出这些数和个数。
输入输出样例：输入：9↙输出：1278 1287 1728 …… 8721 8730 S=42输入：7↙输出：1238 1283 1328 …… 8312 8321 S=24var a,b,c,d,e,s,t,N:integer;begin S:=0;READ(N);for a:=1 to 8 dofor b:=0 to 8 dofor c:=0 to 8 dofor d:=0 to 8 doif (a<>4) and (a<>5) and (a<>6) and (b<>4) and (b<>5) and (b<>6)and (c<>4) and (c<>5) and (c<>6) and (d<>4) and (d<>5) and (d<>6)and ((a+B+C+D) mod N=0) and ((A*1000+B*100+C*10+D)>=1000) AND(a<>b) and (a<>c) and (a<>d)and (b<>c) and (b<>d) and (c<>d) then begins:=s+1;write(a*1000+b*100+c*10+d:6);end;write('s=',s);end.设有一个数列A1，A2，A3，……，AN……，其中A1，A2由键盘输入，从A3开始，通过下列的公式计算：AN-2 AN-1 AN偶数奇数2AN-2+AN-1奇数偶数AN-2+2AN-1偶数偶数AN-2+AN-1+1奇数奇数AN-2+AN-1如：A1=1，A2=2，则A3=1+2*2=5，A4=4+5=9，A5=5+9=14输入N和A1，A2，输出前N项。
NOIP1998普及组初赛试题及答案
第四届全国青少年信息学（计算机）奥林匹克分区联赛初赛试题（初中组）（PASCAL 语言竞赛用时：2小时）●●全部试题答案均要求写在答卷纸上，写在试卷纸上一律无效●●一、选择填空（25%）1、操作系统是重要的系统软件,下面几个软件中不属于操作系统的是_______。
{1%}（A）MS-DOS （B）UCDOS （C）PASCAL （D）WINDOWS 952、MS-DOS 系统对磁盘信息进行管理和使用是__________为单位的。
{1%}（A）文件（B）盘片（C）字节（D）命令3、在计算机内部用来传送、存贮、加工处理的数据或指令（命令）都是以___形式进行的.{1%}（A）十进制码（B）智能拼音码（C）二进制码（D）五笔字型码4．已知在计算机C:\DOS下有一个正确的FORMA 文件，当执行如下命令：C:\> FORMAT A: < 回车> 得到的回答是BAD COMMAND OR FILE NAME 提示信息，下面解释正确的是_____________。
{2%} （A）根目录中没有AUTOEXEC.BAT 文件（B）在执行该命令前操作者没执行过PATH 命令（C）C:\DOS 中的FORMA 文件有错（D）由于AUTOEXEC.BAT 或操作者最后执行过的PATH 命令缺少路径C:\DOS，或者根本没有执行PATH 命令5．将A盘上50个文件用C:\>COPY A: *.* 命令复制到C盘的当前目录中，在复制到某一个文件时，由于读数据出错，屏幕显示：{2%}ABORT, RETRG , IGNORE , FAIL ?键入“I”后，继续复制没再出现过错误信息，最后复制的结果是_________。
（A）读数据出错的文件不正确，其他文件正确（B）读数据出错的文件不正确，其它文件也不正确（C）读数据出错的文件正确，其它文件不正确（D）复制的文件完全正确6．下面四个不同进制的数，最小的一个数是。
1998年英语专业四级考试真题参考答案
1998年英语专业四级考试真题参考答案PART I WRITINGSECTION A COMPOSITION参考样文One Way to Solve the ProblemToo many vehicles, such as cars, tracks, motorcycles, have created a lot of serious problems in our world. Besides congestion, accidents and fast fuel consumption, they are responsible for a good part of air pollution in big dries. All the time, the vehicles are pumping huge amounts of waste gases into the atmosphere. These gases are harmful, causing disease and even death.One possible solution that may reduce air pollution created by so many vehicles is to develop modem public transportation systems and restrict the use of private cars. If the price of petrol rises constantly and the public vehicles are efficient and convenient enough, most people will not have private cars. And the total number of cars in big cities will reduce greatly. People would find more room to walk, to jog, to perform what they used to do in the open air. Moreover, dirt, noise exhaust, parked cars, and smog would decrease greatly.There is no inherent incompatibility between man in an urban setting and the automobile. But we don't want cars to seize our living space. We take for granted that everyone could enjoy the pleasure of stretching his legs freely, breathing and sniffing the air cheerfully. On the whole, the elimination of air pollution needs the co-efforts from the government, the public and the environments.SECTION B NOTE-WRITING参考样文May 15, 1998Dear George,I've got a ticket for the computer fair for this coming Sunday at the Municipal Exhibition Center. I wanted to go, but my sister is away on business and my brother-in-law is in hospital. I have to look after my little niece. I know you are a computer lover. So I've decided to send you this endorsed ticket. The fair will begin at 9 a.m. You may take Bus No. 32 to go there.SallyPART ⅡDICTA TIONThe Railway in BritainThe success of early railways, such as the lines between big cities, /led to a great increase in railway building in Victorian times. /Between 1835 and 1865, about 25 thousand kilometers of track were built, /and over 100 railway companies were created./Railway travel transformed people's lives. /Trains were first designed to can-y goods. /However, a law in the 19th century forced railway companies to run one cheap train a day, /which stopped at every station and cost only a penny a mile. /Soon working class passengers found they could afford to travel by rail. /Cheap day excursion trains became popular and seaside resorts grew rapidly. /The railways also provided thousands of new jobs, /building carriages, running the railways, and repairing the tracks./ Railways even changed the time. /The need to run railways on time meant the local time was abolished / and clocks showed the same time all over the country.PART ⅢLISTENING COMPREHENSIONSECTION A1. B2. B3. D4. B5. B6. A7. A8. BSECTION B9. C 10. D 11. B 12. D 13. C 14. D 15. B 16. A 17. ASECTION C18. C 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. D23. C 24. A 25. DPART IV CLOZE26. C 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. B31. C 32. A 33. A 34. C 35. A36. A 37. C 38. A 39. A 40. CPART V GRAMMAR ＆VOCABULARY41. A 42. D 43. B 44. A 45. C46. A 47. C 48. A 49. C 50. B51. C 52. A 53. D 54. B 55. D56. C 57. B 58. A 59. B 60. C61. B 62. B 63. C 64. D 65. APART ⅥREADING COMPREHENSION66. D 67. C 68.A 69.C 70. D71. B 72.A 73.A 74.C 75. D76. C 77. C 78. D 79. B 80. B81. B 82. A 83. C 84. D 85. C86. C 87. A 88. C 89. A 90. D转自[英美者]-英语专业网站：/cn/Html/TEM/Test4/7583343406909.html。
pascal语言笔试题及答案
pascal语言笔试题及答案pascal语言笔试题及答案一、单选题（每小题2分，共60分）1、在结构化程序设计中所说的程序的三种基本结构是指（）。
a）主函数、函数、过程b）顺序、选择、循环c）程序首部、说明部分、语句部分 d） while、repeat、for2、以下各组运算中运算优先级最低的一组是（）。
a) +，-，orb) *,/c) div, mod,andd) >=, in3、数学表达式sin(60o)的正确pascal表达式是 ()。
a) sin(60)b)sin(3.14159*60)c) sin(3.14159*60/180)d)sin(60*3.14159/360)4、下列表达式中正确的是()。
a) 8/2 mod 2b)not(1=0) and(32)c)\a\+2d) 2+false5、当n为任意正奇数时，值总为true的表达式是()。
a) n mod 2=０b) n div 2=1c)n-(n div 2)=１ d)n-trunc(n/2)*2=16、表达式pred(chr(ord(\a \)+4))的值是 ()。
a) \c \b)\d c)69d) 707、下列表达式值为5的是()。
a) pred(8 div2)b) abs(round(23/4))c) su(trunc(22/(26 mod7)))d) ((8 mod 5)*3+1) div 38、下面变量说明中错误的是（）。
a) var s:set of char;b)var s:set of integer;c) var s:set of1..100;d) var s:setof(sun,mon,tue,wed,thu,fri,sat);9、不能作为for语句循环控制变量的是下列哪种类型变量（）。
a) 整型b) 布尔型c) 实型d) 字符型10、至少被执行一次的循环语句是（）。
a) for语句b) repeat-until语句c) while语句d) for、repeat-until和while语句11、下面关于for循环不正确的叙述是（）。
1998考研数学一真题及答案解析
关系式 y = y v .
六、(本题满分7分)
计算
axdydz (z (x2 y2
a)2 z2)
dxdy
12
,
其中
为下半球面
z
a2 x2 y2 的上侧, a 为大
化为椭圆柱面方程 2 4 2 4 ,求 a, b 的值和正交矩阵 P .
十一、(本题满分4分)
设 A 是 n 阶矩阵,若存在正整数 k ,使线性方程组 Ak x 0 有解向量 ,且 Ak1 0 , 证明：向量组 , A ,, Ak1 是线性无关的.
十二、(本题满分5分)
区域 D 上服从均匀分布,则 ( X ,Y ) 关于 X 的边缘概率密度在 x 2 处的值为 _ .
二、选择题(本题共5小题,每小题3分,共15分.)
(1) 设 f (x) 连续,则 d x tf (x2 t2 )dt
dx 0
(A) xf (x2 )
(B) xf (x2 )
(C) 2xf (x2 )
y
y ( x
y)
f (xy) y(x y)
x
y
yf (xy) (x y) y(x y).
评注：本题中, f , 中的中间变量均为一元,因此本题实质上是一元复合函数的求导,只要注
意到对 x 求导时, y 视为常数；对 y 求导时, x 视为常数就可以了. (3)【答案】12a
(A) 相交于一点
(B) 重合
()
资料搜集 QQ1836989006 微信 1836989006
pascal竞赛试题及答案
一、单项选择题（共20题，每题1.5分，共计30分。
每题有且仅有一个正确答案。
）1．在以下各项中，（）不是CPU的组成部分。
A．控制器B．运算器C．寄存器D．主板2．在关系数据库中，存放在数据库中的数据的逻辑结构以（）为主。
A．二叉树B．多叉树C．哈希表D．二维表3．在下列各项中，只有（）不是计算机存储容量的常用单位。
A．Byte B．KB C．UB D．TB4．ASCII码的含义是（）。
A．二→十进制转换码B．美国信息交换标准代码C．数字的二进制编码D．计算机可处理字符的唯一编码5．一个完整的计算机系统应包括（）。
A．系统硬件和系统软件B．硬件系统和软件系统C．主机和外部设备D．主机、键盘、显示器和辅助存储器6．IT的含义是（）。
A．通信技术B．信息技术C．网络技术D．信息学7．LAN的含义是（）。
A．因特网B．局域网C．广域网D．城域网8．冗余数据是指可以由其它数据导出的数据。
例如，数据库中已存放了学生的数学、语文和英语的三科成绩，如果还存放三科成绩的总分，则总分就可以看作冗余数据。
冗余数据往往会造成数据的不一致。
例如，上面4个数据如果都是输入的，由于操作错误使总分不等于三科成绩之和，就会产生矛盾。
下面关于冗余数据的说法中，正确的是（）。
A．应该在数据库中消除一切冗余数据B．用高级语言编写的数据处理系统，通常比用关系数据库编写的系统更容易消除冗余数据C．为了提高查询效率，在数据库中可以保留一些冗余数据，但更新时要做相容性检验D．做相容性检验会降低效率，可以不理睬数据库中的冗余数据9．在下列各软件，不属于NOIP竞赛（复赛）推荐使用的语言环境有（）。
A．gcc B．g++ C．Turbo C D．Free Pascal10．以下断电后仍能保存数据的有（）。
A．硬盘B．高速缓存C．显存D．RAM11．在下列关于计算机语言的说法中，正确的有（）。
A．高级语言比汇编语言更高级，是因为它的程序的运行效率更高B．随着Pascal、C等高级语言的出现，机器语言和汇编语言已经退出了历史舞台C．高级语言比汇编语言程序更容易从一种计算机上移植到另一种计算机上D．C是一种面向对象的高级计算机语言12．近20年来，许多计算机专家都大力推崇递归算法，认为它是解决较复杂问题的强有力的工具。
1998四级真题
第一场（之一）听写阅卷人考号1、听写考试时间为20分钟，满分为10分。
2、使用蓝色或黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔，试卷四边适当留出空白，字迹工整。
3、交卷前务必检查并确认考号填写正确。
第一场（之二）听力考生须知1、本试卷的答案一律用2B铅笔填在答题卡上。
2、在监考人员宣布本试卷考试结束后，请一律停笔，将试卷和答题卡反扣在自己的桌面上，坐在原位，等待监考人员将试卷收走，留下答题卡。
待全部试卷收齐点清无误后，监考人员发综合试卷，考生开始做综合类试题。
3、考试时间15分钟。
4、本题满分为20分。
Прослушайте сообщения и вопросы. Выберите из четырѐх вариантов один подходящий, зачеркнув соответствующую букву на матрице.第一场（之三）综合卷（语法、词汇、言语礼节、国情）考生须知1、考试时间60分钟，满分为80分。
2、本试卷的答案一律用2B铅笔填在答题卡上。
3、在监考人员宣布本试卷考试结束后，请一律停笔，将试卷和答题卡反扣在自己的桌面上，坐在原位，等待监考人员收试卷，留下答题卡。
待全部试卷收齐点清无误后，监考人员发阅读试卷，考生开始做阅读题。
Прочитайте предложения. Выберите правильный вариант и отметьте соответствующую букву на матрице .ГРАММАТИКА11. Мой брат окончил институт по этой специальности, Он без труда _______ тебевсѐ , что надо по этому вопросу.А. объясняетВ. будет объяснятьС. объяснитD. объяснял бы12. Когда Федя _______ из университета, он купил себе в газетном киоскеинтересный журнал.А. возвращалсяВ. вернулсяС. будет возвращатьсяD. вернѐтся13. Отсюда нельзя _______ : директор не разрешает.А. звонитьВ. было звонитьС. позвонитьD. будет звонить14. Он _______ рассказывать, но вдруг замолчал.А. начал быВ. начинал быС. начинал былоD. начал было15. Ты очень медленно собираешься, смотри _______.А. не опаздыватьВ. не опаздывайС. не опоздатьD. не опоздай16. Не беспокойтесь, я уже привык так _______, поэтому успею _______ работу кзавтрашнему дню.А. задерживаться, заканчиватьВ. задерживаться, закончитьС. задержаться, закончитьD. задержаться, заканчивать17. Я видел Сашу двагода назад в день Победы и с того времени больше с ним не_______ .А. встречалсяВ. встретилсяС. встречалисьD. встретились18. Приходи ко мне, если у тебя будут какие-нибудь вопросы. Я всегда готов тебе_______.А. помогатьВ. помочьС. помогаюD. помогу19. Люди верили, что новый год _______ изменения к лучшему, если встретить егос радостью и надеждой.А. принѐсВ. приносилС. принесѐтD. принѐс бы20. Я заходил к Семѐновым, но Анну Сергеевну не увидел: она _______ посылку напосте.А. отправляетВ. отправитС. отправлялаD. отправила21. Когда мы _______, он крепка пожал мне руку.А. прощалисьВ. простилисьС. прощаемсяD. простимся22. Хотя Витя очень старался, но всѐ же из этого ничего не _______.А. получилосьВ. получилС. получилоD. получился23. _______ я на твоѐм месте, я бы сразу согласился перейти на эту работу.А. БылВ. БудуС. БытьD. Был бы24. Портфель не _______ : в нѐм слишком много вещей.А. закрыватьВ. закрыватьсяС. закрытьD. закрыться25. Смотри, Ваня, вот новый книжный магазин. Давай _______ , какие там книги?А. смотримВ. посмотримС. смотритеD. посмотреть26. Вчера было сильная гроза, и _______ зажгло дом.А. молниейВ. молнияС. от молнииD. из молнии27. Студенты, _______ задание, могут сдать тетради и уходить.А. выполняющиеВ. выполнившиеС. выполняемыеD. выполненные28. Равнина, ______ снегом, тянулась на много километров.А. покрывшаяВ. покрываемаяС. покрывающаяD. покрытая29. _______ задание на дом, преподаватель всегда подробно объясняет, как егонужно выполнять.А. ДавВ. ДалС. ДастD. Давая30. Вчера я _______ к бабушке в деревню, поэтому сегодня встал очень поздно, ичуть не опоздал на занятия.А. ехалВ. поехалС. ездилD. уехал31. Мой брат научился _______ на велосипеде, когда ему было только шесть лет.А. идтиВ. ехатьС. ездитьD. сидеть32. Чтобы корабли могли _______ по Северному морскому пути за одно лето,нужно было хорошо подготовиться.А. проходитьВ. пройтиС. переходитьD. перейти33. Когда мама _______ из дома, она взяла с собой зонтик.А. выходитВ. выйдетС. выходилаD. вышла34. Мы видим самолѐт, который _______ на север.А. летелВ. летитС. леталD. летает35. _______ скромности он никому ни слова не сказал о своѐм поступке.А. ИзВ. БлагодаряС. ОтD. По36. _______ эту музыку можно было идти на праздник и в бой, и чувствовать себясильным, и знать, что ты окружѐн счастьем.А. ВВ. НаС. ЗаD. Под37. _______ пути в родную деревню я заехал к своему товарищу по армии, скоторым давно не виделся.А. НаВ. ВС. ПриD. По38. Лѐня уже третий час стоит _______ за билетами на балет «Лебединое озеро».А. в очередьВ. на очередьС. в очередиD. на очереди39. Нас не пропустили в зал, потому что мы приехали в театр _______ десять минут_______ начала оперы.А. через, доВ. за, послеС. за, доD. через, после40. Туристы не захотели идти дальше, потому что очень устали _______ долгойходьбы.А. отВ. поС. изD. с41. Этот холодильник привезли _______ границы, но он вовсе не лучше нашихотечественных.А. изВ. отС. из-заD. с42. Завтра я еду в Москву на конференцию и буду там _______.А. неделюВ. за неделюС. на неделюD. в неделю43. Научная конференция в нашем институте продолжалась пять дней, _______ 30марта _______ 3 апреля.А. с, поВ. с, доС. от, доD. от, по44, Чтобы выполнить план досрочно, шахтѐры работают _______.А. в дни и ночиВ. изо дня в деньС. дни и ночиD. с каждым днѐм45. Эти молодые рабочие ходят на занятия по русскому языку два раза _______после работы.А. в неделеВ. на неделеС. в неделюD. на неделю46. Брюки модные, и цвет тоже подходит –жаль только, что они мне немного_______.А. малыеВ. малыС. меньшеD. маленькие47. .как бы ни были _______ трудности, нужно упорно двигаться к цели.А. великойВ. великиС. великиеD. великими48. Твоя комната, думал я, _______ моей.А. уже, чемВ. более узкаяС. более узкая, чемD. уже49. _______ было обратиться по вопросу экскурсии. Отвечающий за это работникуехал в отпуск.А. Не к комуВ. Ни к комуС. Не с кемD. Ни с кем50. Люся посмотрела по сторонам, хотела позвать _______ из прохожих на помощь.А. кого-тоВ. кого-нибудьС. кое-когоD. кто-то51. Я купил Кате _______ нужные вещи в подарок, но не хочу сейчас показывать.А. какие-тоВ. какие-нибудьС. какие-либоD. кое-какие52. Эйнштейн, например, говорил, что Достоевский дал ему больше, чем _______математик.А. любойВ. каждыйС. всякийD. какой53. Николай был болен, поэтому мне пришлось это сделать _______ .А. самВ. самомуС. самымD. самим54. Советские войска и жители Сталинграда героически защищали свой город. За_______ улицу шли жестокие бои.А. всякуюВ. любуюС. всюD. каждую55. В прошлом годуна наш факультет приняли _______ .А. тридцать четыре нового студентаВ. тридцать четыре новых студентаС. тридцати четырѐх новых студентовD. тридцать четырѐх новых студентов56. Около афиши стояли _______ человека и спорили, куда пойти, в какой театр.А. обеВ. обаС. дваD. двое57. _______ суток шли красные бойцы по пескам без воды и пищи.А. ЧетыреВ. ЧетырѐхС. ЧетверыхD. Четверо58. Наш институт находится _______ от центра города.А. до восьми километровВ. в восьми километрахС. к восьми километрамD. в восемь километров59. Лето в этом году в Пекине жарче, чем _______.А. прошлый годВ. прошлого годаС. в прошлом годуD. прошлым годом60. Эти книги я получил от _______, которая работала вместе с моей матерьюмного лет.А. ВерыПавловны ИвановыВ. Веры Павловны ИвановойС. Веры Павловной ИвановыD. Верой Павловны Ивановы61. Никто из нас не знал, что там случилось. Но одно было _______ : Сергейбольше не вернѐтся.А. ясноВ. ясноеС. ясныйD. ямным62. Солнце садилось. Было оно раза в два больше _______.А. днѐмВ. дняС. , чем днѐмD. , чем день63. В комнату вошла пожилая женщина. _______ жена директора.А. Это былаВ. Эта былаС. Это былоD. Вот была64. _______ мы задержались хоть на минуту, мы не застали бы директора вкабинете.А. РазВ. ЕслиС. КогдаD. Если бы65. Теперь под моим окном растут такие цветы, _______ в нашей местности невстречаются.А. какВ. которыхС. какиеD. каких66. Народы стремятся к тому, _______ на земле был прочный мир.А. когдаВ. какС. чтоD. чтобы67. Мы быстро поднялись на гору, _______ можно увидеть весь город.А. кудаВ. откудаС. от которойD. где68. Книга была такая интересная, ______ я не мог от неѐ оторваться.А. чтоВ. какС. чтобыD. будто69. Ондостаточно умѐн, ______ свою ошибку.А. что понятьВ. чтобы понятьС. что понялD. чтобы понял70. Не успел он вернуться из отпуска, _______ его послали за границу.А. когдаВ. какС. потому чтоD. с тех пор как71. Мы не остановимся, _______ достигнем своей цели.А. пока неВ. до тех пор покаС. как толькоD. с тех пор как72. Мать очень боится, _______ сын не заболел в чужих краях.А. чтоВ. какС. если быD. как бы73. Андрей заработал _______ денег, _______ нужно было, чтобы купить цветнойтелевизор для своих родителей.А. столько, какВ. настолько, насколькоС. столько, сколькоD. столько, что74. _______ мы вышли из книжного магазина, за нами заперли двери.А. Прежде чемВ. Перед тем какС. ПокаD. Как только75. За последниепять лет облик города сильно изменился, _______ его трудноузнать.А. чтоВ. из-за того чтоС. так чтоD. благодаря тому что76. _______ выше они поднимались в горы, _______ труднее становилось дышать.А. Как, такВ. Так, чтоС. Чем, темD. Тем, чем77. _______ ни старался отец быть спокойным,я всѐ-таки заметил его волнение.А. КудаВ. ЧтоС. КакD. Хотя78. Мы ни разу не встречались, _______ расстались.А. с тех пор какВ. до того какС. прежде чемD. перед тем как79. Я _______ плохо знаю этот вопрос, _______ высказать по нему своѐ мнение.А. не так, чтобыВ. слишком, чтоС. так, чтоD. слишком, чтобы80. Рядом с Новосибирском расположен город-спутник, тысячи жителей _______занимаются научно-исследовательской работой.А. в которомВ. которогоС. у которогоD. которыхЛЕКСИКА81. Когда папа звонил маме, она _______ ему, что нужно взять с собой паспорт.А. запомнилаВ. вспомнилаС. напомнилаD. помнила82. Чтобы успешно сдать экзамены, нужно _______ в течение семестра, а не тольков ночь перед экзаменом.А. учитьВ. заниматьсяС. изучатьD. обучаться83. Тысячи жителей нового района могут теперь _______ метро.А. использоватьВ. пользоватьсяС. употреблятьD. применять84. Стало холодно, _______ потеплее, а то простудишься.А. оденьсяВ. наденьС. оденьD. носи85. Очень интересно было познакомиться с воспоминаниями _______ секретаря Л.Н. Толстого.А. своегоВ. личногоС. частногоD. собственного86. В прошлом году моя подруга вышла замуж _______, который работал в нашейбольнице.А. за врачаВ. за врачомС. на врачаD. к врачу87. _______ не бойся, со мной ничего не случится.А. МеняВ. Обо мнеС. За меняD. Про меня88.89.90.91.92.93.-- 100РЕЧЕВОЙ ЭТИКЕТ101. Как бы обратитеськ прохожему, чтобы узнать, где находится кинотеатр «Россия»?А. Товарищ, недалеко кинотеатр «Россия»?В. Извините, вы не скажете, где здесь кинотеатр «Россия»?С. Послушай! Как проехать к кинотеатру «Россия»?D. Эй, гражданин, это кинотеатр «Россия»?102. Вы провожаете своего друга на вокзале. Что вы ему скажете?А. Всего доброго! Ни пуха ни пера!В. Прощай! Скоро увидимся!С. До свидания! До новой встречи!D. Счастливо оставаться!103. Как вы начнѐтеписьмо своему преподавателю Антону Петровичу Петрову?А. Товарищ Петров!В. Дорогой Антон Петров!С. Уважаемый преподаватель!D. Уважаемый Антон Петрович!104. Если вам позвонили по ошибке, что вы скажете в ответ?А. Простите, вы не туда попали.В. Что вы, это не здесь!С. Это ошибка, прошу небеспокоить!D. Будьте повнимательнее, когда набираете номер!105. Вам представляют нового коллегу. Что вы ему скажете в ответ?А. Хорошо, садитесь.В. Рад с вами познакомиться.С. Добро пожаловать!D. Горячо приветствуем!СТРАНОВЕДЕНИЕ106. Роман «Мѐртвые души» написал великий русский писатель _______, а « Отцы и дети» -- _______.А. А.С. Пушкин, Ф. М. ДостоевскийВ. Н. В. Гоголь, И. С. ТургеневС. А. П. Чехов, М. А. ШолоховD. Л. Н. Толстой, А. М. Горький107. СНГ означает _______.А. Социалистические Народные ГосударстваВ. Союз Независимых ГосударствС. Совет Новых ГосударствD. Содружество Независимых Государств108. Из праздников русские больше всего любят _______.А. 1-е январяВ. 1-е маяС. 8-е мартаD. 9-е мая109. Самая большая природная зона в России -- это зона _______.А. пустыньВ. степейС. лесовD. тундры110. Октябрьская революция произошла в Петрограде _______.А. в октябре 1905 г.В. в ноябре 1917 г.С. в октябре 1918 г.D. в ноябре 1907 г.1998年全国高校俄语专业四级水平测试试卷第一场（之四）阅读考生须知1、阅读考试时间25分钟，满分为20分。
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1998年4月全国计算机等级考试二级笔试试卷PASCAL语言程序设计部分，一．选择题（1-40每小题1分，41-50每小题2分，共60分）下列各题A）B）C）D）四个选项中，只有一个正确的，请将正确选项涂写在答题卡相应位置上，答在试郑上不得分（1）下面是对PASCAL程序组成结构的四条描述，其中错误的是A）PASCAL程序必须有程序首部B）程序的注释部分只能写在程序中一条语句的最后C）程序首部的参数部分可有可无D）一个完整的PASCAL程序的主程序只能有一个（2）设A，B，C为整型变量，且有A：=5；B：=2；下面能使C的值为1的正确语句是A）C：=（A-2）/B；B）C：=A MOD（B+2。
0）；C）C：=A DIV（B+1）；D）C：=（A-2）DIV（B/1）；（3）设有常量定义：CONST A=0；B=22768；下面对常量引用正确的是A）READLN（A）；B）A：=A=1；C）PROCEDURE P（C：B。
1）；D）VAR C：A。
B；（4）下面函数值等于FALSE的A）ODD（TRUNC（-7。
49））B）ROUND（（ABS（-9。
5）））=7（5）设有说明VAR COLOR；（RED，GREEN，YELLOW，BLUE）；A：BOOLEAN；下面语句正确的是A）COLOR：='GREEN'；B）WRITELN（GREEN）；C）WRITELN（COLOR）；D）IF RED30AND70>15C）15<30206)标准PASCAL程序说明部分的正确顺序是A）LABEL->CONST->VAR->TYPE B）VAR->CONST->LABEL->TYPEC）LABEL->CONST->TYPE->VAR D）CONST->VAR->TYPE->LABEL(7)下列说法中正确的是A）一个没有压缩的数组所占存储单元是压缩数组的4倍B）使用压缩数组的程序比使用未经压缩数组的程序执行起来要慢C）只有字符数组才可以压缩D）压缩数组中的元素是不可单独存取的（8）设有如下说明：TYPE PTR=^REC；REC=RECORDX：INTEGER；CH：CHARENDVAR P：PTR；下面正确的赋值语句是（设已执行了NEW（P））A）P^.X:=3;B)P.X^:=3;C)(P.X)^:=3;D)P.X:=3;（9）下面程序段，能正确输出5行"HELLO"的信息是A）X：=1；B）X：=0；WHILE X<5DO WHILE X<5DOBEGIN BEGINWRITELN('HELLO');WRITCLN('HELLO');X:=X+1X:=X+1END;END;C)X:=0;D)X:=1;WHILE<=10DO WHILE ODD(X)DOBEGIN WHILE X<10DOWRITELN('HELLO');BEGINX:=X+2WRITELN('HELLO');END X:=X+1END;(10)设有集合运算[5，7，9。
11]-[3，11，7]，正确的结果是A）[5，3，9。
10]B）[5，9。
10]C）[5，3，9，10]D）[3，5，9。
10]（11）设有下面过程P1的说明（仅给出过程的主要部分）PROCEDURE P1（A，B：INTEGER；VAR C：REAL）；……BEGIN……{调用P1}……END；下面给出的可以替换{调用P1}的正确语句是A）P1（A，TRUE，C）；B）P1（A/B，B，C）；C）P1（A，B，4。
5）D）P1（A DIV B，C+B，C）；（12）程序PROGRAM P1（OUTPUT）；TYPE T1=（ONE，TWO，THREE，FOUR，FIVE，SIX，SEVEN，EIGHT，NINE，TEN）；VAR X：T1；K：INTEGER；BEGINX：=THREE；FOR K：=1TO5DOX：=SUCC（X）；WRITELN（ORD（X））END执行后的输出是A）3B）5C）7D）8（13）要求程序的功能是：依次读入数据，当输入数据的范围在50-100（含50和100）的数满5个时计算这5个数的和并输出。
下面程序段能实现此功能的是A）SUM:=0;N:=0;REPEATREADLN(A);IF(A<=100AND A>=50)THENBEGINSUM:=SUM+A;N:=N+1END;UNTIL N>=5;WRITELN(SUM)B)SUM:=0;N:=0;REPEATREADLN(A);IF(A<=100)AND(A>=50)THENBEGINSUM:=SUM=AN:=N=1END;UNTIL N>=5;WRITELN(SUM)C)SUM:=0;N:=0;REPEATREADLN(A);IF(A<=100)AND(A>=50)THENSUM:=SUM+A;N:=N=1UNTIL N>=5;WRITELN(SUM)D)SUM:=0;N:=0;REPEATREADLN(A);IF(A<=100)AND(A>=50)THENBEGINSUM:=SUM+A;N:=N+1ENDUNTIL N>6;WRITELN(SUM)(14)设有下面程序：PROGRAM P1（OUTPUT）；VAR J，K，Z：INTEGER；BEGINZ：=0；FOR J：=1TO10DOBEGINZ：=Z+1；FOR K：=1TO10DO Z：=Z+1ENDWRITELN（Z）END执行此程序后的输出是A）10B）20C）100D）110（15）欲输出被2，3，5除余数均为1的最小的10个正整数，下列不能实现此功能的程序是A）PROGRAM X1（INPUT，OUTPUT）；VAR COUNTER，NUMBER：INTEGER；BEGINCOUNTER：=0；NUMBER：=0；REPEATNUMBER：=NUMBER+1；IF（NUMBER MOD2=1）AND（NUMBER MOD3=1）AND（NUMBER MOD5=1）THEN BEGINWRITELN（NUMBER）；COUNTER：=COUNTER+1ENDUNTIL COUNTER=10；ENDb）PROGRAM X2（INPUT，OUTPUT）；VAR COUNTER，NUMBER：INTEGER；BEGINCOUNTER：=0；NUMBER：=0；WHILE COUNTER<10DOBEGINNUMBER:=NUMBER+1;IF(NUMBER MOD2=1)AND(NUMBER MOD3=1)AND(NUMBER MOD5=1)THEN BEGINWRITELN(NUMBER);COUNTER:=COUNTER+1ENDENDENDC)PROGRAM X3(INPUT,OUTPUT);VAAR COUNTER,NUMBER:INTEGER;BEGINNUMBER:=1;FOR COUNTER:=1TO9DOBEGINWRITELN(NUMBER);NUMBER:=NUMBER+2*3*5END;WRITELN(NUMBER)ENDD)PROGRAM X4(INPUT,OUTPUT);VAR COUNTER,NUMBER:INTEGER;BEGINNUMBER:=1;FOR COUNTER:=1TO10DOBEGINNUMBER:=NUMBER+2*3*5VRITELN(NUMBER);END;WRITELN(NUMBER)END(16)设有如下过程P1的说明（仅给出过程的主要部分）PROCEDURE P1；VAR A，B：INTEGER；{＊＊１＊＊}C，D：CHAR；PROCEDURE P2（VAR E：INTEGER）；VAR B，F：REAL；BEGIN……END；PROCEDURE P3（G：CHAR）；VAR B，C：INTEGER；BEGIN……END；BEGIN……END在过程P1中，在标有{**1**}的程序行中对变量B的作用域最适当的描述是A）在P1中不在P3中B）中P1中不在P2中C）在P1中也在P2和P3中草药D）在P1中不在P2和P3中(17)已知有下面程序段:...REPEATReadln(a);IF a=0THEN f:=TrueELSE f:=FalseUNTIL f;其中a为整型变量,f为布尔型变量,下面哪个程序段与上面的程序段完全等价?A)Readln(a);B)Readln(a);IF a=0THEN f:=True WHILE NOT f DOELSE f:=False;BEGINWHILE f DO IF a=0THEN f:=TrueBEGIN ELSE f:=False;Readln(a);Readln(a)IF a=0THEN f:=True END;ELSE f:=FalseEND;C)f:=True;D)Readln(a);WHILE f DO IF a=0THEN f:=TrueBEGIN ELSE f:=False;Readln(a);WHILE NOT f DOIF a=0THEN f:=True BEGINELSE f:=False Readln(a);END;IF a=0THEN f:=TrueELSE f:=FalseEND;(18)已知有如下说明:VAR a:ARRAY[-3..3]OF Integer;k,i:Integer;程序段:k:=0;FOR i:=-3TO3DOIFi<0THEN a[i]:=k+1ELSE a[i]:=k+2;Writeln(a[3]-a[-3]);输出的是A)10B)7C)2D)1(19)设有说明TYPEbyte=0..7;word=0..15;num=Real;VARa:byte;b,c:word;d:Integer;c:num;f:Char;下面哪一组变量的类型是相容的而不是同一的?A)a和c B)c和f C)c和d D)c和d(20)已知有变量说明:VAR a:ARRAY[1..5]OF Real;i:Integer;且数组a的内容如下图所示:a[1]a[2]a[3]a[4]a[5]则程序段:i:=3;a[i]:=a[Trunc(a[i-1]);Writeln(a[i]:3:1,'和',a[i+2])输出的是A)5.9和0B)5.7和5.9C)5.9和5.9D)6.0和5.9(21)已知函数f1如下:FUNCTION f1(a,b:Integer):Integer;BEGINIF a=0THENf1:=bELSEf1:=f1(Pred(a),Succ(b))END;函数f1返回的是A)a-b的值B)b-a的值C)a*b的值D)a+b的值(22)设有如下函数说明FUNCTION ack(m,n:Integer):Integer;BEGINIF m=0THEN ack:=n+1ELSE IF(m<>0)AND(n=0)THEN ack:=ack(m-1,1)ELSE ack:=ack(m-1,ack(m,n-1))END;若在主程序中执行Writeln(ack(2,1)),则输出结果是A)1B)2C)4D)5(23)设有如下图所示的单链表info next info next info next info nexthead→→...↑p则p^.next^.info的值是A)19B)47C)64D)93(24)设有说明VAR infile,outfile:Text;ch:Char;和程序段WHILE NOT Eof(infile)DOBEGINWHILE NOT Eoln(infile)DOBEGINRead(infile,ch);Write(outfile,ch);END;Writeln(outfile)END;对该程序段是否正确进行判断,并简要说明其功能,下面描述正确的是A)错误,无限循环.B)正确.拷贝并显示文件infile.C)错误.仅能读入一行文件D)正确.拷贝文件infile到outfile.二.填空题(每空2分,共40分)请将每空的正确答案写在答题卡1---20序号的横线上,答在试卷上不得分.(1)与十进制数101等值的二进制数为1_____.(2)DOS命令为内部命令与外部命令,XCOPY命令属于2命令_____(3)设当前盘为A盘,当前系统提示符为">",在不改变当前盘的情况下,显示C盘的当前目录路径,应使用命令3______(4)自动批处理文件名必须是4_____(5)设在当前盘当前目录下有两个文件W.TXT与P.TXT,现要将文件P.TXT连接到文件W.TXT的后面,若使用COPY命令,则完整的命令为5_____(6)下面程序可从键盘输入一个大于0且小于1000的整数,然后输出此数的所有整数因子.例如:输入12,则输出:quotient of12:1234612PROGRAM pp(Input,Output);VAR a,k:Integer;BEGINReadln(a);IF(a>0)AND(a<19THEN________n:=k;func:=20_____END;(7)函数mutsym可判断方阵a是否关于主对角线对称,若对称则返回True;否则返回False.其中类型arr为:arr=ARRAY[1..10,1..10]OF Integer;FUNCTION mutsym(a:arr):Boolean;VAR k,j:Integer;flag:Boolean;BEGINflag:=True;FOR k:=1TO8DO______FOR j:=1TO9DO____flag:=10AND(a[k,j=a[j,k]);mutsym:=flagEND;(8)由键盘输入一个正整数,找出大于或等于该的第一个质数.PROGRAM sj52(Output);VAR k,a:Integer;f:Boolean;BEGINf:=False;Read(a);WHILE NOT f DOBEGINk:=2;f:=11____WHILE f AND(k<(a DIV2))DOIF(a MOD k)=0THEN f:=12_____ELSE13_______IF NOT f THENa:=a+1;END;Writeln(a);END.(9)下面程序可输出如下结果,请填空完成该程序.1-1-12112123-1-12-123-12341121231234-12345PROGRAM t2(Output);VAR m,n,k,s:Integer;BEGINFOR m:=1TO5DOBEGINs:=14______FOR n:=1TO15DO_____BEGINs:s*10+n;IF16THEN____Write(s:6)ELSEWrite(-s:6)END;WritelnENDEND.(10)函数func返回数组a中与所有数的平均值最接近的那个数(此数可能大于也可能小于平均值).若有多个数最接近平均值,则只返回其中之一类型arr为:TYPE arr=ARRAY[1..10]OF Integer; FUNCTION func(a:arr):Integer;VAR n,k:Integer;b,s:Real;BEGIN17______;FOR k:=2TO10DOs:=s/10;n:=1;FOR k:=2TO10DOIF18<19THEN________n:=k;func:=20_____END;全国计算机等级考试二级笔试试卷基础知识和Pascal语言程序设计答案及评分标准一.选择题(1---40题每题1分,41---50题每题2分,共60分)(1)B(2)C(3)D(4)B(5)D(6)C(7)B(8)A(9)B(10)B(11)D(12)C(13)B(14)D(15)D(16)D(17)D(18)D(19)C(20)C(21)D(22)D(23)C(24)二.填空题(1--20共20空,每空2分)①1.1100101或(1100101)2②2.外部(答外部命令不扣分)③3.CD C:(CD与C:中间至少要有一个空格)④4.AUTOEXEC.BAT⑤5.COPY W.TXT+P.TXT或COPY W.TXT+P.TXT W.TXT⑥6.a7.a mod k=0或a-(a div k)*k=0或a=(a DIV k)*k⑦8.109.k-110.flag⑧11.True12.False13.k:=k+1⑨14.015.m16.Odd(m)或m MOD2<>0或m-(m DIV2)*2<>0或m<>(m DIV2)*2或其它当m为奇数时则为真的布尔表达式⑩17.s:=a[1]18.Abs(a[k]-s)19.Abs(a[n]-s)20.a[n]或a[n];。