2017高考二轮(通用版)英语复习对点练:专题八 定语从句 Word版含答案
高中英语 高考语法复习:定语从句讲解及提升练习(有答案)
高中语法复习:定语从句讲解及提升练习考点一关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系代词的基本用法在日常生活中我们遇到的小问题可能是伟大发明的灵感来源。
I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.我住在一对夫妻的隔壁,他们的孩子经常制造噪音。
2.that和which的用法区别over the world want to learn about China.《今日中国》有着全球的读者群,这说明全球越来越多的人想要了解中国。
3.as和which的区别正如老话说的那样:“人不可貌相”。
考点二关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词的基本用法将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周,届时天气可能会更好。
Students should involve themselves in community activities where they can gain experience for growth.学生们应该参与社团活动,在这些活动中他们可以获得成长的经验。
Do you know the reason why he didn't attend the meeting yesterday?你知道他昨天没参加会议的原因吗?考点三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句1.“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时,介词的宾语只能用which或whom,且不能省略。
Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
September 30 is the day by which you must pay your bill.9月30日之前你必须缴付账单。
2.“名词/不定代词/数词/形容词比较级或最高级+of+which/whom”引导的定语从句,表示部分与整体的关系。
高考英语专题复习 专题八 定语从句和名词性从句
一、定语从句(一)关系词的用法引导定语从句的关系词包括关系代词和关系副词两类。
关系词在定语从句中起连接作用,同时代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语成分。
The author(whom)you criticized has written a letter in reply.Do you know the girl whose father is a doctor?The person that you talked about just now is Mr Liu.Football is a game which is liked by most boys.Tom was late for work again this morning,which made the boss angry.As is known to all,China is the biggest developing country in the world.I still remember the day when(on which)I first came to this school.This is the small village where(in which)he was born.The reason why(for which)he refused the invitation is not clear.作宾语的关系代词可以省略,但在介词后作宾语的关系代词不可以省略;关系副词一般可用“介词+关系代词”代替。
(二)关系代词that与which的用法区别只用that的情况(1)当先行词既有人也有物时。
I can still remember the teacher and his lessons that give me a most lasting impression.(2)先行词前有序数词,the only,the last,the very(恰恰,正好),any,few,little,no,all或形容词的最高级修饰,或先行词本身就是序数词或形容词的最高级时。
2017高考二轮(通用版)英语复习对点练:专题十特殊句式和主谓一致含答案
第一部分专题十Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.So desperate was(be)the situation that no one could help another,each trying to save himself and his animals。
2.Only by practicing a few hours every day will you be able to play the piano well.3.—Did you see clearly who the driver was?—No, so quickly did the car speed by that I couldn’t have a good look at his face.4.He is rather difficult to make friends with,but the friendship of his, once gained(gain), is truer than that of anybody else's.5.Some modern teaching equipment as well as hundreds of computers was_sent(send)to ten Hope Schools in South China yesterday. 6.Not once did it occur to Michael that he could one day become a top student in his class。
7.Only when he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to him again。
8.It was only after he had read the papers that Mr。
Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete。
2017高考二轮(通用版)英语复习对点练:专题八定语从句对点巩固含答案
第一部分专题八1.(2017·福建福州外校高三适应性考试)Singles' Day falls on November 11th every year in China,61.which is recognized as a day for people who have no girlfriend or boyfriend。
【解析】分析句子结构可知,设空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是Singles' Day,且从句中缺少主语,故填which。
2.(2016·河南豫南九校联考)As the first Chinese mainland Nobel Prize Winner of natural science award,Tu’s winning completely surprised Chinese people,66。
who have long been wondering when the first Chinese Nobel Laureate in natural science would appear。
【解析】分析句子结构可知,本句考查定语从句,Chinese people 在从句中作主语,因此用指人的关系代词who。
3.(2016·湖北八校联考)Yesterday,one of my favorite stamps was lost, this made me really upset。
【解析】分析句子结构可知,前后为两个完整的句子,不能用指示代词,要用关系代词指代前面的整个句子,因此用which引导非限制性定语从句。
也可在this前加and,连接两个并列的句子。
【答案】this→which/在this前加and4.(2016·湖南六校联考)Who invented tea?Most people think they originated in East and South Asia—specifically the region which India, China,and Burma(缅甸)meet。
2017届高考英语二轮专题复习讲义:定语从句 含答案 精
2017高考英语二轮复习:定语从句讲义【考纲解读】根据考纲要求,考生应做到:1.熟练掌握关系代词和关系副词引导的定语从句;2.区分限制性和非限制性定语从句;3. 定语从句中的主谓一致;4. which与that的区别;as与which的区别;whose与of which的转换。
【考点纵横】【考题导引】1.(2016全国Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, lived from roughly 551 to 479 BC, influenced the development of chopsticks.解析:who此处who引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语。
2.(2016江苏)Many young people,most of _______ were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.解析:whom本题定语从句的先行词是people,关系代词whom指代先行词people,在从句中作介词of的宾语。
3.(2016浙江)Scientists have advanced many theories about why human beings cry tears,none of ________ has been proved.解析:这是一个非限制性定语从句, 先行词是theories,指物,这里用“代词+ of + which”引导定语从句,which作介词of的宾语。
4.(2016北京)I live door to a couple ___________ children often make a lot of noise.解析:whose couple是先行词,children和couple是所属关系,故填whose。
高中英语定语从句改错及填空练习(含答案)(可编辑修改word版)
高中英语定语从句专项练习定语从句在使用时往往容易犯一些错误,最常见的有如下七种:一、在定语从句中加了多余的宾语。
如:1.误:Some of the boys I invited them didn’t come.正:2.误:The book that you need it is in the library.正:二、把定语从句谓语动词的单、复数弄错。
如:1.误:Anyone who break the law will be punished.正:2.误:Those who has finished may go home.正:3.误:He is the only one of the teachers who know French in our school.正:4.误:This is one of the rooms that is free now.正:三、误省略了定语从句中作主语的关系代词。
如:1.误:Children eat a lot of sugar often have bad teeth.正:2.误:The key opens the bike is missing.正:四、定语从句中加了多余的关系副词或介词。
如:1.误:The house where he lives in needs repairing.正:或:2.误:I still remember the day on when I first came toBeijing.正:或:五、在作先行词的时间名词或地点名词后错用了关系代词或关系副词。
1.误:I still remember the day when we spent together.正:2.误:This is the house where we lived in last year.正:六、在先行词reason 后错用关系副词why。
如:1.误:Have you asked her for the reason why may explain her absence?正:2.误:I don’t believe the reason why he has given for his beinglate.正:七、误将强调句型当定语从句。
(通用版)2017高考英语二轮复习第一部分语法突破专题8定语从句课件
语法专题突破
专题八 定语从句
2017考纲精解
考查点 2016 2015 2014 考情分析
定语从句
1.全国卷 Ⅰ65题[关 系副词when] 2.全国卷 Ⅲ67题[关 系代词who]
1.定语从句中的关系代 词或关系副词以及介词 的选用是语法填空题的 全国卷 考查点。 全国卷Ⅰ64 Ⅰ67题 题[关系代 [关系代 2.短文改错中对于定语 词that/which] 词 从句的考查主要涉及限 that/which] 制性定语从句与非限制 性定语从句中关系代词 或关系副词的错用。
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The old car is the only thing that he 当先行词前有the very,the only等修饰 owns now.那部旧车成了他现在唯一 时。 的财产。 用that不 用which 的情况 当句中已出现which 时。 Which is the shirt that fits me most? 哪件衬衫最适合我?
Can you remember the scientist and his 当先行词既有指人的 theory that we have learned?你还记 名词又有指物的名词 得我们学过的那位科学家和他的理 时。 论吗? She lost the game,which 在非限制性定语从句 disappointed her greatly.她输了比赛, 中。 这使她很沮丧。 A zoo is a park in which many kinds of 关系代词前面有介词 animals are kept for exhibition.动物园 时。 是喂养各种动物以供展览的公园。
典题在线
(完整word版)定语从句高考真题(带答案)
定语从句反馈小测1.The way _____he looks at problems is wrong. That/in which/不填2.(2018.北京高考) she and her family bicycle to work, _____helps them keep fit.which3.(2018. 江苏高考) self-driving is an area_______China and the rest of the worldare on the same starting line. where4.(2018.天津高考) Kate,_____sister I shared a room with when we were at college,has gone to work in Australia. whose5.(2017.天津卷)My eldest son,_______work takes him all over the world, is in NewYork at the moment. whose6.(2017 江苏卷) In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of_______purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation. whose7.(2017 北京卷) The little problems______we meet in our daily lives may beinspirations for great inventions. that8.(2016. 全国卷Ⅱ) some people think that the great Chinese scholare confucius,______lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C., influenced the development of chopsticks. who9.(2016.北京高考) I live next door to a couple_____children often make a lot ofnoise. whose10.(2016.天津高考) we will put off the picnic in the park until next week, ____theweather may be better. when11.(2016. 天津高考) when walking down the street, I came acorss David, ____Ihadn’t seen for years. whom12.(2016.四川高考)One important biological factor____helps women live longer isthe difference in hormones between men and women. That/which13.(2016. 天津高考) I wrote down all the reasons____this problem could not besolved. why14.(2016.浙江高考) Scientists have advanced may theories about why human beingscry tears, none of _____has been proved. which15.(2016. 浙江高考) When the time came to tmake the final decision for a course, Idecided to apply for the one_____reflected my interest. that16.(2016. 江苏高考) Many young people, most of ______were well-educated,headed for remote regions to chase their dreams. whom17.(2016.全国Ⅰ卷) But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TVshow in the mid-1980s,______I was the first Western TV reporter. when18.(2015.安徽高考) Some experts think reading is the fundamental skillupon_____school education depends. which19.(2015. 重庆高考) he wrote many children’s books, nearly half of_____werepublished in the 1990s. which20.(2015.江苏高考) the number of smokers,_____is reported, has dropped by 17percent in just one year. as21.(2015. 陕西高考) as the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing forthe time _____he should be able to be independent. When=in which22.(2015. 天津高考) The boss of the company is trying to create an easyatmosphere______his employees enjoy their work. Where=in which23.(2015. 北京高考) opposite is St Paul’s church,______you can hear some lovelymusic. where24.(2015. 四川高考) The books on the desk, ____covers are shiny, are prizes for us. whose25.(2018.合肥质检) The mother thanked the young man again and again, without_____help her son would have been killed by the passing car. Whose26.(2017.南昌三校联考) -------Where did you meet Mr. Green?----------It was in the hotel______he stayed. where27.(2017.绵阳诊断) we expect you to become someone of_______we’ll feel veryproud in the future. Whom28.(2017 江西九江一中月考) Las Vegas has many wonderful restaurants_____youcan eat many different kinds of food. Where.29.(2015.福建高考) China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ________showsthat more and more people all over the world want to learn about China. Which 30.Facebook provides a networking platform_____communication is faster and easier.Where.。
高考英语二轮辅导: 专题一 语法主导下的语法填空与短文改错 专题学案(八) 定语从句
从句,空处指代前句的内容,且在从句中作主语,故填 关系代词which。
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2.(2017· 全国卷Ⅲ)But Sarah, ________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty. She is determined to carry on with her education.
解析: that/which 句意:我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可 能是伟大发明的灵感来源。根据句意并分析句子结构可知, “________ we meet in our daily lives”为定语从句,修饰先行 词problems,且从句缺少宾语,所以用关系代词that/ which引 导定语从句。
常 考 点 1
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综合演练 提能
定语从句
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4.(2017· 天津高考改编)My eldest son, ________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
解析: whose 句意:我的大儿子的工作需要他奔波于世界
常 考 点 1
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10.The shelter, ______ is designed for the thousands of traders and shoppers at Bangkok' s night market, has become an attraction itself.
(全国通用)高考英语专题复习 定语从句练习
Section 8 定语从句两年高考真题演练1.(2023·江苏高考)The number of smokers, ________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.2.(2023·湖南高考)It is a truly delightful place, ________ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.3.(2023·北京高考)Opposite is St.Paul's Church, ________ you can hear some lovely music.4.(2023·浙江高考)Creating an atmosphere in ________ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.5.(2023·重庆高考)He wrote many children's books, nearly half of ________ were published in the 1990s.6.(2023·陕西高考)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________ he should be able to be independent.7.(2023·四川高考)The books on the desk, ________ covers are shiny, are prizes for us.8.(2023·天津高考)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere ________ his employees enjoy their work.9.(2023·安徽高考)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon ________ school education depends.10.(2023·福建高考)China Today attracts a worldwide readership, ________ shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.11.(2023·浙江高考)I didn't become a serious climber until the fifth grade,________ I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree.12.(2023·福建高考)Students should involve themselves in community activities ________ they can gain experience for growth.13.(2023·陕西高考)Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.14.(2023·四川高考)Until now,we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children,________ is quite unexpected.15.(2023·重庆高考)We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year.16.(2023·江苏高考)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication,especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.17.(2023·江西高考)Among the many dangers ________ sailors have to face,probably the greatest of all is fog.18.(2023·江西高考)It was the middle of the night ________ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.19.(2023·湖南高考)I am looking forward to the day ________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.20.(2023·北京高考)I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week,________ my classmates recommended to me.21.(2023·天津高考)English is a language shared by several diverse cultures,each of ________ uses it differently.22.(2023·山东高考)A company ________ profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad.23.(2023·安徽高考)The exact year ________ Angela and her family spent togetherin China was 2023.一年模拟试题精练1.(2023·重庆南开中学月考)The director made two films last year, one of________was set in Chongqing.2.(2023·三峡名校联盟联考)I am doing a job________I have to do the same thing day after day. Oh, it's just terrible.3.(2023·扬州中学月考)The course about Chinese food attracts over 100 students per year,of________up to half are from overseas.4.(2023·北京昌平统考二)The Voice of China has set up a stage________some people can realize their dreams.5.(2023·湖南怀化二模)For more information, please send an e-mail,________you can also include your advice to us.6.(2023·浙江江山实验中学月考)The majority of rural migrants are engaged in the most painstaking,most tiring and dangerous work,________college graduates are reluctant to do.7.(2023·福建清流一中段考)There was a time________Soapy had to beg from door to door to make himself alive.8.(2023·江苏启东中学月考一)The house,________door often stays open until late at night, works as a home for the guards, some of________ are from the countryside.9.(2023·湖南长沙一中月考)The news spread quickly across the country that Chang'e-I has become a planet of the moon,________is really a breakthrough for China's outer space technology.10.(2023·重庆南开中学月考)Look out!Don't get too close to the house________roof is under repair.11.(2023·浙江温州十校联考)In most cases, college graduates don't mind what job they will do so long as it is one________they can earn money to support themselves.12.(2023·福建福州八中质检二)Nelson Mandela's death may, in the short term, unite South Africa in ways________have never been seen before.13.(2023·重庆一中月考)The degree to________the company is able to cope with the uncertainty of the future is worth studying.14.(2023·陕西西安中学月考)There are many new central leaders in China now,of________many once worked in the western provinces.15.(2023·湖南十三校联考一)Lee MinHo,________music and films are loved by many teenagers, was invited to perform in the 2023 Spring Festival.16.(2023·吉林一中月考)The people of Chu ________ mourned Qu's death threw rice into the river to feed his ghost every year on the day of his death.17.(2023·山西太原五中月考)Bicycles are held to the same standards as motor vehicles in most cases,________ means that cyclists must obey all the traffic rules,and also have the right to get damages in the accidents.18.(2023·广州海珠区摸底)After that,we'll be moving on to Tanzania,________we're going to climb Mount Kilimanjaro.19.(2023·乌鲁木齐一中月考)Once upon a time there was a rich merchant ________ had 4 wives.20.(2023·河南新乡一中月考)In the following years,there were fewer drop-outs and more college graduates in my village,________ I am proud of even today.21.(2023·河北正定中学月考)The lazy boy is expecting a way in ________ he can get through the exams without hard work.22.(2023·内蒙古师大附中月考)The boss ________ company I worked in two years ago has much experience in solving such kind of problem.23.(2023·湖南衡阳八中月考)So I decided to leave home for New York,________I might have a better chance to find a good job.24.(2023·河北石家庄二中开学考)Third,we may fall behind others,________ makes us stressed.25.(2023·甘肃民乐一中诊断)All of a sudden,her handicap was gone and all I saw was this beautiful girl,________ smile just melted me.26.(2023·黑龙江大庆一中段考二)The whites live in the same community ________ we do.27.(2023·甘肃嘉峪关一中六模)In most Chinese tea villages,March is the time of year in ________ locals start to pick and process tea.28.(2023·宁夏大学附属中学二模)The old people,________were very excited by our visit,told us their personal stories.29.(2023·宁夏银川一中二模)Well,second,be sure to do some research on the company for ________ you are being interviewed.30.(2023·甘肃张掖市诊断三)The weather was clear,the pilots didn't make any distress calls,and no debris (碎片) was found in the area ________ the flight last made contact.31.(2023·贵州遵义四中模拟)The richest of these is Bill Gates,worth at least $ 41 billion,________ made his money by starting the company Microsoft.32.(2023·河南濮阳市二模)People should not do things ________ will disturb their neighbors unnecessarily.33.(2023·广州海珠区摸底)So,we'll go white-water rafting,________ is quite dangerous,but very exciting!34.(2023·河南开封联考)Then,a few years ago,I met Tony,________ was in his thirties and quit his job as a civil engineer in New York City to walk across the United States.35.(2023·辽宁大连八中月考)He met Rachel at her college graduation ceremony in 2023,________ he was later to marry.Section 8 定语从句【两年高考真题演练】1.as [句意:据报道,吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。
2017高考二轮(通用版)英语复习对点练:高考Ⅱ卷规范训练4含答案
高考Ⅱ卷规范训练(四)(见学用活页P82)Ⅰ.语法填空Tod and I went to a party yesterday evening1.hosted(host)by Elizabeth and Peter.Their apartment was filled 2.with food and families.After chatting with the parents for a while,I decided to draw pictures with the kids.It was about3minutes before I had an audience with lots of3.questions(question)!Lucy was especially4.interested (interest)in drawing animals with me.Ben played with stripes and Mike enthusiastically drew along with us.Only Jane chose not to draw.She5.prefers(prefer)videos all the time.When everyone's ice cream6.was_finished(finish),we played some games together.We did some acrobatics 7.including(include)building pyramids with Tod and one of the dads,Paul,as the solid bases.The kids8.absolutely (absolute)loved the games.At the end of the party all the members of the party join in a singing game.We all forgot about our ages and9.where we came from.Best party ever.I really do10.better(well)in playing with the kids than talking with the grown-ups.体裁:记叙文题材:个人经历主题:朋友家做客语篇导读:作者和丈夫到朋友家去参加晚宴,和孩子们一起画画,和所有的人一起做游戏,度过了一个难忘的晚上。
2017高考二轮(通用版)英语复习对点练:专题五非谓语动词Word版含答案
2017⾼考⼆轮(通⽤版)英语复习对点练:专题五⾮谓语动词Word版含答案第⼀部分专题五Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without being_recognized(recognize).2.It's standard practice for a company like this one to_employ(employ) a security officer.3.For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are important in stayingconnected(connect).4.While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.5.The manager was satisfied to see many new products developed(develop) after great effort.6.Understanding(understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.7.When we saw the road blocked(block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.8.The engine just won't start. Something seems to_have_gone(go) wrong with it.9.Hearing(hear) how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.10.Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and being_reduced(reduce) to ruins, the city took on a new look. 11.In some languages, 100 words make up half of all words used(use) in daily conversations.12.You cannot accept an opinion offered(offer) to you unless it is based on facts.13.Williams would often spend weeks deciding(decide) how a character should sound and this “voice” determined his approach to each role.14.—Good news! There's a supermarket to_be_built(build) in this area next month!—Cool! It will be convenient for us when it's open.15.Determined(determine) to make his fortune in South America, Mark Twain set off from his home for New Orleans in his teens.16.There he was standing still where I had left him and opening his mouth as if to_say(say) something.17.I can't remember her face now but recalling(recall) the incident makes me happy.18.I knew she needed my help, and her smile was enough to_make(make) my day.19.Li Na, the first to_achieve(achieve) a ranking of world No.2 in Asia, retired from tennis in September, 2014. 20.People tend to love agricultural products grown(grow) without the use of fertilizers, pesticides or chemical additives.Ⅱ.单句改错1.Catch the early flight, we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.【答案】Catch前加To2.Much time spend sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.【答案】spend→spent3.Fully absorbing in painting, Augustine didn't notice evening approaching.【答案】absorbing→absorbed4.Having been worked for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.【答案】去掉been5.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, wonder whether to stay or leave.【答案】wonder→wondering6.Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way used the sun and the stars.【答案】used→using7.The park was full of people, enjoyed themselves in the sunshine.【答案】enjoyed→enjoying8.Ignore the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.【答案】Ignore→Ignoring/Ignore前加To9.Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr.Lee was very happy to see his mother taking good care of at home.【答案】taking→taken10.Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it performed live is quite another.【答案】performed前加being11.The ability express one's idea somehow decides how far one can get along in one's college.【答案】express前加to12.At present, I'm busy review my lessons in order to take the College Entrance Examination.【答案】review→reviewing13.With alcohol and drugs kicking out of their life, the post-1990s young people now tend to develop healthier hobbies.【答案】kicking→kicked14.Facing with so much trouble, we failed to complete the task on time.【答案】Facing→Faced15.The flowers smell sweet in the garden attracted the visitors to the beauty of nature.【答案】smell→smelling16.Occupied himself with the project, he had no time to go back home.【答案】Occupied→Occupying17.Giving the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into the international stars.【答案】Giving→Given18.Waited for a long time, he finally entered the lecture hall to listen to the speech.【答案】Waited前加Having19.Yesterday, I had my car been repaired, but today it has broken down. Bad luck!【答案】去掉been20.Most students object to be charged for parking on the campus.【答案】be→beingⅢ.语法填空Passage 1Fred was one of the first scientists 1.to_make(make) serious research of the mind. The mind is the connection of activities 2.based(base) in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason.He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams 3.to_search(search) for the causes of mental and emotional problems. He also tried hypnosis(催眠). He wanted to see if 4.putting(put) patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease 5.troubled(trouble) minds. In most cases he found the effects only temporary.Fred worked hard, although what he did might sound easy. His method involved 6.sitting(sit) with his patients and7.listening(listen) to their talks. He had them 8.talk(talk) about whatever they were thinking. All ideas, thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to 9.be_expressed(express). There could be no 10.holding(hold) back because of fear or guilt.体裁:说明⽂题材:科普知识主题:⼼理研究语篇导读:Fred是⾸批研究⼼理的科学家之⼀,他通过和病⼈长时间谈话和研究梦来寻找精神和情感问题的原因。
最新高中英语学业水平考试复习:语法专题八 定语从句(高二合格性考试)
专题八定语从句基础知识过关一、定义在复合句中, 修饰名词或代词的从句称为定语从句。
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词, 定语从句必须放在先行词的后面, 由关系代词或关系副词引导, 关系词充当从句的成分。
The student that won the first prize is our monitor. (that代替the student在从句中作主语)I saw some trees whose leaves were yellow. (whose在从句中作定语)The watch which I found in the library is his. (which代替watch, 在从句中作宾语)This is the place where he works. (where相当于in the place, 在从句中作地点状语)二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句三、使用定语从句时特别注意的几个问题1. that与which的区别。
(1)用that而不用which的情况:①先行词为不定代词all, anything, nothing等②先行词被little, few, no等词修饰时③先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时④先行词被the only, the very, the last等修饰时⑤先行词既有人又有物时She told me everything that she knew.This is the best novel that I have ever read.We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talking about.(2)用which而不用that的情况:①引导非限制性定语从句②代表整个主句的意思③介词+关系代词This is the factory in which we once worked.The baby was ill, which made the mother very worried.2. 关系代词在从句中作主语时, 从句谓语动词的单复数形式应由先行词决定。
高考英语语法填空解题策略汇:专题8 语法填空之定语从句
1.定语从句起形容词的作用,在句中修饰一个名词 或代词。被修饰的名词叫做先行词,引导定语从句的 词叫关系词,关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
2.关系词的作用: ①放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用; ②在从句中担当一个成分,并与先行词保持数的一 致; ③指代先行词的作用,关系代词的含义就是先行词 的含义,关系副词的含义等于介词+先行词的含义。
so/such.....that..... 表“如此......以至于.....” so/such.......as.......表“像......一样的......”
小结:先行词是物时,用“介词+which”引导定语 从句;先行词是人时,用 “介词+whom”引导定语从 句。
介词的确定: ①根据与定语从句中动词的某种习惯搭配来确定。 ②根据与先行词搭配的具体含义来确定。 ③定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配习惯。 ④. 表示所属关系,用of which/whom 引导定语从句。 ⑤. 表示整体与部分关系时,也用of which/whom 引 导定语从句。
3).当先行词被形容词最高级、序数词(包括last, next 等)所修饰时。
4).当先行词被the very, the last, the next, the only, the same 等词修饰时。
5).当先行词又有人又有物时。
2、只能使用which的情况。 1)、非限制性定语从句中。
Mary has a book, which is very precious. 2)、在介词之后,作介词的宾语时。
The way作先行词时,关系词在句中作主语、宾语时,用 that/which引导定语从句,
作状语时用in which,这是由短语in the way(用这种方法)决 定的;
最高考高考英语语法精讲精练专题八定语从句常考点
专题八定语从句常考点定语从句是英语语法学习中的一大难关,也是高考中的常考点;主要考查引导定语从句的关系代词和关系副词的选择;非限制性定语从句特别是当先行词是整个句子时,由“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句等;做有关定语从句题目时,一定要将先行词还原到从句里,看其在从句部分充当什么成分;错误!关系代词和关系副词的基本用法关系代词指人指物主语宾语定语表语主语宾语定语表语that,whothat,who,whom可省whose thatthat,whichthat,which可省whose that关系副词时间地点原因when=介词+which where=介词+which why=for which注学习定语从句时,必须加强对从句句子结构的分析,切记关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语和表语,而关系副词在定语从句中作状语;用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空:①I still remember the day ________ we studied together.I still remember the day ________ we spent together.②This is the factory ________ he used to work.This is the factory ________ we visited yesterday.This is the factory ________ makes this kind of car.③This is the reason ________ he explained.This is the reason ________ he failed in the exam.④I don't know the way ________ he used last time.I don't know the way ________ he solved the problem last time.答案①when;that/which/不填②where;that/which/不填;that/which ③that/which/不填;why ④that/which/不填;that/in which/不填错误!介词+关系代词介词后只能用which指物,whom 指人,不可用that;介词的选用可根据从句中相关词组确定,也可结合句意根据先行词确定;该介词也可放在从句之尾;用适当的“介词+关系代词”填空:①He is the person ________ we should learn.②The bag ________ he put his books is lost.③The man ________ she is talking is a doctor.④The train ________ he was travelling was late.答案①from whom ②in/into which ③to/about whom ④on which错误!关系代词 as的用法用于限制性定语从句中:当先行词被so,as,such,the same所修饰时,关系代词用as指人或物,而不用which;用于非限制性定语从句中:非限制性定语从句,特别是先行词是整个主句时,由which和as引导的非限制性定语从句,是高考命题的热点;注 as引导的非限制性定语从句与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别:as引导的非限制性定语从句可以放在主句前、插在主句中间或放在主句末尾,而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句后面;as引导的从句有“正如”之意,而which则没此意;用适当的关系词填空:①This is such a heavy bag ________ I can't carry.This is such a heavy bag ________ I can't carry it .②This is the same place ________ I visited three years ago.This is the same place ________ I worked three years ago.③He failed in the exam,________ made his father very angry.He failed in the exam,________ I had expected.④A lot of language learning, ________ has been discovered, is happening in the first year of life, so parents should talk much to their children during that period.答案①as;that ②as;where ③which;as ④as错误!并列句和非限制性定语从句的判断并列句是由两个简单句组成的,句子中间必须要有并列连词;而定语从句是由主句和从句构成的;完成下列句子:①He has two brothers,and both of ________ are workers.He has two brothers,both of ________ are workers.②China has hundreds of islands,the largest of ________ is Taiwan.China has hundreds of islands,and the largest of ________ is Taiwan.③He may not come,in ________ case we will not wait for him.He may not come and in ________ case we will not wait for him.答案①them;whom ②which;them ③which;that错误!先行词模糊化表地点的先行词模糊化在句中作状语时用关系副词where,相当于in which;在句中作主语和宾语仍用关系代词;常见的词有:point,situation,position,profession,job,case,system,scene,activity,society,culture,strategy,mode l,accident,economy,crime等;常见的表时间的词有:period,occasion,stage,interval,stay等;用适当的关系词填空:①This is one point ________ we must insist on.I have reached a point in my life ________ I am supposed to make decisions of my own.②Occasions are quite rare ________ I have the time to spend a day with my kids.答案①that/which/不填;where ②when错误!定语从句中的数要保持一致关系代词指代的是先行词,因此定语从句中的谓语在数上应与先行词保持一致;完成下列句子:①Those who ________break the law should be punished.=Anyone who ________breakthe law should be punished.=Whoever ________break the law should be punished.②He is one of the students who ________praised at yesterday's meeting.He is the one of the students who ________praised at yesterday's meeting.答案①break;breaks;breaks ②were;was错误!定语从句中含有插入语定语从句和先行词之间常常会有I think,you know,I believe,I thought 等插入语;做此类题目时,我们要先去除插入语,再选择正确的关系词;完成下列句子:①This is the school ________ you know I once studied.②I picked up a man ________ I thought was honest.=I picked up a man ________ I thought to be honest.③He made a discovery,________我认为 is very important.答案①where②who;that/who/whom/不填③which I think错误!只能用that 或which的情况只用that 的场合:①当先行词既指人又指物时;②当先行词是不定代词anything,nothing,everything,all,some,little,few,much,none 或被不定代词修饰时;③当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词所修饰时;④当先行词被the only和the very所修饰时;⑤当先行词在定语从句中作表语时;⑥当要避免与疑问词which重复时;只用which 的场合:①“介词+which”,指物;②非限制性定语从句中;③防止重复;④指人的性质身份时,而不是指人时;用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空:①He told us all ________ had happened.②This is the most interesting film________ I have ever seen.③This is the first place ________ we visited yesterday.This is the first place ________ we worked.④This is the only plant ________ grows in the area.The earth is unlikely to be the only planet ________ life has developed gradually.⑤The glasses without ________ he couldn't see clearly were lost.⑥I said nothing,________ made him angry.答案①that②that/不填③that/不填;where ④that;where ⑤which⑥which错误!关系代词whose的用法在高考中,关系代词whose的考点频繁出现;在定语从句中,作定语的关系代词用whose,在表示某物时,相当于the+n.+of which 或of which+the+n.;用适当的关系词填空:①Do you know the man in ________ car she came here②The man pulled out a gold watch,________ hands were made of small diamonds.=The man pulled out a gold watch,the hands of ________ were made of small diamonds.=The man pulled out a gold watch,of ________ the hands were made of small diamonds.答案①whose②whose;which;which错误!找准先行词一般说来,定语从句是跟在它所修饰的先行词之后,但有时也会出现先行词和定语从句被一个词或一个短语所分隔,或者谓语太短等情况,这时我们要根据定语从句的句意判断哪一个词是先行词;用适当的关系词填空:①I've become good friends with several of the students in my school ________ I met in the English speech contest last year.②She'll never forget her stay there ________ she found her son who had gone missing two years before.③The days are gone ________ we used the foreign oil.答案①whom/who②when③when错误!“the one+that/which/where”和that,which,where的区别完成下列句子:①Is this the museum ________ you visited last yearIs this museum ________ you visited last year②Is this museum ________ you worked last yearIs this the museum ________ you worked last year答案①that/which/不填;the one that/which或the one②the one where/where;where/in which错误!from where和since when结构的区别完成下列句子:①They stood at the window,from ________ they could see what was happening in the street.②The book was written in 1946,since ________ the education system has witnessed great changes.答案①where②when1. 2014·江苏卷The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work ________ a good impression is a must.A. whichB. whenC. asD. where2. 2014·江西卷Among the many dangers ________ sailors have to face, probably the greatest of all is fog.A. whichB. whatC. whereD. when3. 2014·陕西卷Please send us all the information ________ you have about the candidate for the position.A. thatB. whichC. asD. what4. 2014·重庆卷We'll reach the sales targets in a month ________ we set at the beginning of the year.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. what5. 2014·安徽卷The exact year ________ Angola and her family spent together in China was 2008.A. whenB. whereC. whyD. which6. 2013·江苏卷The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China,________ he remembers starting as early as his childhood.A. whereB. whichC. whatD. when7. 2013·浙江卷The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform________ visitors can watch the big glass houses being built.A. whatB. whereC. whenD. why8. 2013·安徽卷Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012,________ made one of the Chinese people's long-held dreams come true.A. itB. thatC. whatD. which9. 2013·陕西卷________ is often the case with children,Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.A. ItB. ThatC. WhatD. As10. 2012·江苏卷After the flooding,people were suffering in that area,________ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive.A. whichB. whoC. whereD. what答案1. D 2. A 3. A 4. A 5. D 6. B 7. B 8. D 9. D 10. B1. Do you know the man ________A. whom I spokeB. to who I spokeC. I spoke toD. that I spoke2. I am very grateful to my high school teachers,without ________ help I wouldn't be so excellent.A. whomB. themC. whichD. whose3. —Where did you meet him while in Beijing—It was in the hotel ________ I stayed.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. where4. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,many of ________ leaving their village homes for a better life in the city.A. whomB. whichC. themD. those5. The time is not far away ________ modern communications will become widespread in China's vast countryside.A. asB. whenC. untilD. before6. He talked a lot about things and persons ________ they remembered in the school.A. whichB. thatC. whomD. what7. Her sister has become a lawyer,________ she wanted to be.A. whoB. thatC. whatD. which8. I'm told that languagepractising is a free website ________ learners can not just learn various languages but also chat online.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. what9. The way ________ he looks at problems is wrong.A. whichB. whoseC. whatD. /10. By serving others,a person focuses on someone other than himself or herself,________ can be very eye-opening and rewarding.A. whoB. thatC. whichD. what11. My neighbours used to give me a hand in time of trouble,________ was very kind of them.A. whoB. whichC. thatD. it12. He's got himself into a dangerous situation ________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A. whereB. whichC. whileD. why13. Young people who have got jobs may realize university lessons can't be the only preparation for all of the situations ________ appear in the working world.A. whereB. whenC. thatD. what14. The manager had to go to Beijing on business on June 23,________ happened to be his only son's birthday.A. whenB. thatC. whichD. what15. The picture often reminds me of the happy hours time and again ________ I was playing happily with my friends during the holidays.A. howB. thatC. whenD. where16. Nowadays teenagers like to go to fast food restaurants,________ serve junk food.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. where17. Is this research centre ________ you visited the modern equipment last yearA. whichB. thatC. the one whereD. the one that18. She is such a good teacher ________ we all love and respect.A. thatB. asC. soD. who19. The volunteers paid a visit to all the senior citizens in the community,most of ________ are aged from 70 to over 90 years old.A. whomB. thoseC. themD. which20. Last week,we watched Beijing Opera,________ style was unfamiliar to most of us.A. whatB. whichC. whereD. whose21.The school shop, ________ customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.A. whichB. whoseC. whenD. where22. My pen friend sent me an e-mail yesterday ________ he described how he spent his summer holiday.A. whenB. whereC. whatD. which23. Last term our English teacher set so difficult an examination problem ________ none of us worked out.A. asB. thatC. whichD. whose24. That evening, ________ I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. when25. There was a time in my life ________ I hated to go to school because I didn't get on well with my classmates.A. thatB. whenC. whatD. which26. You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station ________ you can hire to reach your host family.A. whichB. whereC. whenD. as27. Whatever is left over may be put into the refrigerator, ________ it will keep for two or three weeks.A. whenB. whichC. whereD. while28. After graduation she reached a point in her career ______ she needed to decide what to do.A. thatB. whatC. whichD. where29. Women ________ drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ________ don't.A. who; /B. /; whoC. who; whoD. /; /30. Last month, part of Southern Asia was struck by floods, from ________ effects the people are still suffering.A. thatB. whoseC. whichD. what答案1. C 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. D 8. A9. D 10. C 11. B 12. A 13. C 14. C 15. C 16. A17. C 18. B 19. A 20. D 21. B 22. B 23. A 24. B 25. B 26. A 27. C 28. D 29. C 30. B。
专题08 定语从句-三年高考(2015-2017)英语试题分项版解析 含解析
2017年高考题【2017·北京卷】31. The little problems ______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A. thatB. asC. whereD. when【答案】A考点:考查定语从句。
【名师点睛】定语从句的关系词分为关系代词(who, whom, whose, that, which, as 等)和关系副词(when, where, why 等)。
1. 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在从句中充当主语、宾语,定语等成分。
关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
eg. An architect is a person who / that designs houses and buildings.The city where / in which I was born is on the new railway line.2. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
关系代词在定语从句中作宾语时,关系代词可省略(非限定性定语从句中不可省略)。
e.g. I find it difficult to cooperate with those who always stick to their own opinions.I find it difficult to cooperate with the one who always sticks to his own opinion.The suit (which / that ) the tailor made for me doesn’t fit me.3. 非限定性定语从句中,关系词均不可省略。
注意关系代词that, 关系副词why, 不可用于非限定性定语从句。
高考英语二轮复习第一部分语法突破专题8定语从句对点特训word版本
专题 8 定语从句Ⅰ . 单句语法填空1. His younger sister may already be in high school now, in which casethis picture book is too childish for her.2. My daughter, whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling, isalways away from home a lot.3. Amanda hopes to live a simple life where she can just enjoy heractivities rather than rushing to meet the deadline.4. As is often the case, he comes to life when it comes to playing football.5. Living in the mountain area has its problems, of which obtaining wateris a big one.6.Few people would take an active part in a society whose culture is so different from their own.7. China's population is expected to increase to about 1.5 billion in 2040,after which it will start to decline slowly.8.I have been looking forward 9. There are cities named after to the day, when I am admitted to a key university. great people here, which often happens in othercountries.10. I don't like any humor in serious speech because I can't think of anycircumstance where this would be beneficial or useful.11. Can you write about a challenging situation which/that you once faced inyour life and how you dealt with it?12. Australian rules football,different from what we call football,is a rough sport where the players hold the ball and run with it, like in rugby.13. I still can't believe myeyes when I remember the scene where the best player missed the pass.14. Nowadays, many parents are trying to either prevent their childrenfrom failure, or protect them from the knowledge that/which they have failed.15. Nowadays many volunteers are working in areas which/that have dry climates, suchas Kenya and Sudan.16. In ancient Egypt, green represented hope and spring,which is the time of year when things in nature start to grow after a long winter.17.RunningMan is such a funny reality show as has the gravity to pull youin front of your television.18. There's no longer particular year when one goes to school or goes to workor gets married or starts a family.19. In 2016, such important reform policies associated with the interestsof the general public were introduced in China as almost each person couldbenefit from in life.20. He is such a lazy man as nobody wants to work with.Ⅱ . 单句改错1. The children, all of them had played the whole day long, were worn out.【答案】them→ whom2. We still remember the day when we spent in the old house.【答案】when→ which/that3. The reason why he was absent from the meeting is because he suffered froma headache.【答案】because → thatthe customs of other people and does anything 4.A true gentleman always respectswhich would offend them.【答案】which → that5. The number of smokers, it is reported, has dropped by 17 percent injust one year.【答案】it →as6.I'm going to spend the summer vacation in Shanghai, which lives my grandmother and some other close relatives.【答案】which → where7. This word is so new an English word coined on the Internet that is forbidden to appear in official media or documents at present.【答案】that → as8. This hotel is the highest building in the city, from where top you can enjoy a good view of our city.【答案】where→ whose9. Scientists have searched for a long time for a reason that so many bees are disappearing.【答案】that → why10. I walked her to the car and opened the car door for her, won me herbig smile and gratitude.【答案】won前加 which11. Taking drugs has become part of every sport which athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits.【答案】which → where12.— When did you know Mr.Wang?— It was last month that he was knocked down by a motorbike.【答案】that → when13. Life is like a long race that we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.【答案】that → where14. My uncle has a large greenhouse in his garden he grows vegetables in winter.【答案】he 前加 where15. With the fast development of agriculture,the people,in which village she taught 10 years ago, have lived a happy life.【答案】which → whoseⅢ . 语法填空Passage 1There was a time 1.when I was tired of learning English and disliked to speakEnglish. And this was the reason 2.why my father forced me to join in a 30- day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club,I met many strangers,I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, 4.whose teacher was YuMinhong, communicated with me face- to - face, from 5.which I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with eachother. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to不填 we did. I should be grateful to my father and the encouraged me to fall in lovewith English. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into 8.which I put myentire energy. Every day I read my words and passages aloud. In class I join inEnglish discussions.Before I go to sleep, I recallI can memorize a large number of new words. 10.As our English teacher says,long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance,you will conquer English sooner or later.”“ As体裁:叙文材:个人主:老“我” 上学英篇:作者在英俱部遇到了一位好老,他使作者英学生了趣,并养成了学英的好。
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第一部分专题八Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.His younger sister may already be in high school now, in which case this picture book is too childish for her.2.My daughter, whose job requires her to do a lot of travelling, is always away from home a lot.3.Amanda hopes to live a simple life where she can just enjoy her activities rather than rushing to meet the deadline.4.As is often the case, he comes to life when it comes to playing football.5.Living in the mountain area has its problems, of which obtaining water is a big one.6.Few people would take an active part in a society whose culture is so different from their own.7.China's population is expected to increase to about 1.5 billion in 2040, after which it will start to decline slowly.8.I have been looking forward to the day, when I am admitted to a key university.9.There are cities named after great people here, which often happens in other countries.10.I don't like any humor in serious speech because I can't think of any circumstance where this would be beneficial or useful.11.Can you write about a challenging situation which/that you once faced in your life and how you dealt with it?12.Australian rules football, different from what we call football, is a rough sport where the players hold the ball and run with it, like in rugby.13.I still can't believe my eyes when I remember the scene where the best player missed the pass.14.Nowadays, many parents are trying to either prevent their children from failure, or protect them from the knowledge that/which they have failed.15.Nowadays many volunteers are working in areas which/that have dry climates, such as Kenya and Sudan.16.In ancient Egypt, green represented hope and spring, which is the time of year when things in nature start to grow after a long winter.17.Running Man is such a funny reality show as has the gravity to pull you in front of your television.18.There's no longer particular year when one goes to school or goes to work or gets married or starts a family.19.In 2016, such important reform policies associated with the interests of the general public were introduced in China as almost each person could benefit from in life.20.He is such a lazy man as nobody wants to work with.Ⅱ.单句改错1.The children, all of them had played the whole day long, were worn out.【答案】them→whom2.We still remember the day when we spent in the old house.【答案】when→which/that3.The reason why he was absent from the meeting is because he suffered from a headache.【答案】because→that4.A true gentleman always respects the customs of other people and does anything which would offend them.【答案】which→that5.The number of smokers, it is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.【答案】it→as6.I'm going to spend the summer vacation in Shanghai, which lives my grandmother and some other close relatives.【答案】which→where7.This word is so new an English word coined on the Internet that is forbidden to appear in official media or documents at present.【答案】that→as8.This hotel is the highest building in the city, from where top you can enjoy a good view of our city.【答案】where→whose9.Scientists have searched for a long time for a reason that so many bees are disappearing.【答案】that→why10.I walked her to the car and opened the car door for her, won me her big smile and gratitude.【答案】won前加which11.Taking drugs has become part of every sport which athletes seek to achieve beyond their natural limits.【答案】which→where12.—When did you know Mr.Wang?—It was last month that he was knocked down by a motorbike.【答案】that→when13.Life is like a long race that we compete with others to go beyond ourselves.【答案】that→where14.My uncle has a large greenhouse in his garden he grows vegetables in winter.【答案】he前加where15.With the fast development of agriculture, the people, in which village she taught 10 years ago, have lived a happy life.【答案】which→whoseⅢ.语法填空Passage 1There was a time 1.when I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English. And this was the reason 2.why my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school. When I first came to the club, 3.where I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much. So I packed up my things and wanted to go home. Fortunately, my guide, 4.whose teacher was Yu Minhong, communicated with me face-to-face, from 5.which I gained some useful instructions. He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other. Gradually I adapted to the life there. Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6.that/which/不填we did. I should be grateful to my father and the guide, 7.who encouraged me to fall in love with English. Now I feel it interesting to learn English, into 8.which I put my entire energy. Every day I read my words and passages aloud. In class I join in English discussions. Before I go to sleep, I recall the passages, through 9.which I can memorize a large number of new words. 10.As our English teacher says, “As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, y ou will conquer English sooner or later.”体裁:记叙文题材:个人经历主题:老师让“我”爱上学英语语篇导读:作者在英语俱乐部遇到了一位好老师,他使作者对英语学习产生了兴趣,并养成了学习英语的好习惯。