徐小庆 英译汉
《你是我的不二闺蜜—女性朋友间的话语解读》（第六章）翻译实践报告
A Report on the Translation of You’re the Only One I Can Tell: Inside theLanguage of Women’s Friendships（Chapter 6）ByLi QiuyuA Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Schoolof Sichuan International Studies UniversityIn Partial Fulfillment of the Requirementsfor the Degree ofMaster of Translation and InterpretingUnder the Supervision of Associate Professor Xia XindongMay, 2018《你是我的不二闺蜜——女性朋友间的话语解读》（第六章）翻译实践报告摘 要本翻译报告的原文选自 《你是我的不二闺蜜——女性朋友间的话语解读》一书中第六章。
该书由美国语言学教授黛博拉·坦嫩所著，探讨了过分亲密给友谊带来的潜在伤害。
本报告分为四章：第一章是介绍翻译报告的背景、目标、和结构。
第二章是介绍源文文本相关内容，包括介绍作者、源文内容以及对源文特征的分析。
根据彼得·纽马克的文本类型理论，源文属于信息型文本，翻译该类文本时，应该确保译文的可读性。
第三章主要是对翻译指导理论的选择和应用，同时本章还提到翻译过程中的相应策略。
本翻译报告以彼得·纽马克的交际翻译为理论基础，并结合自身翻译实践，探讨了其在翻译过程中的指导作用。
第四章是对翻译报告的总结，包括翻译过程中积累的经验教训及遗留的个别问题。
关键词： 翻译报告；信息型文本；交际翻译；翻译技巧A Report on the Translation of You’re the Only One I Can Tell:Inside the Language of Women’s Friendships（Chapter 6）AbstractThis is a report on the translation of Chapter 6 of You’re the Only One I Can Tell: Inside the Language of Women’s Friendships authored by Deborah Tannen, an American academic professor. The book is about general information of intimacy and its potential harm to friendships. This translation report is mainly classified into four chapters: Chapter 1 gives a brief introduction to project background, objectives and structure of the translation report. Chapter 2 consists of the author’s basic information, publishing facts and main ideas of the original text. Based on Peter Newmark’s text theory, the source text belongs to informative texts. The translation of such text focuses on the accuracy. Chapter 3 contains a careful description of guiding theory and its direction to this translation project. For the reason that the source text is categorized into informative text, the translator adopts Newmark’s “communicative translation” strategy as guidance. Chapter 4 concludes with the experience and lessons from the translation as well as the problems to be resolved.Key words: translation project report; informative text; communicative translation; translation skillsAcknowledgementsUpon the completion of the project report, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to all the people who have helped me a lot in the two years.First of all, I would like to offer my deepest gratitude to my supervisor, Ms. Xia Xindong, who is very amiable and patient. She has spent much time reading through each of my draft and pointed out mistakes in the paper patiently. With her enlightening instructions and careful modifications, I have finished my paper.I also would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to all the teachers who have taught me over the past two years. They helped me to know translation better. Their words and deeds also have enormous influences on the formation of my personality.Moreover, I am deeply indebted to my parents and my friends, who are very considerate and kindhearted. They have accompanied and encouraged me in the writing of the translation project.Last but not least, my indebtedness also goes to those who are willing to spend their time and energy in reading this paper.CONTENTS摘 要....................................................................................................................... i i Abstract . (iii)Acknowledgements .................................................................................................. i v Chapter 1 General Introduction (1)1.1Background of the Report (1)1.2Objectives of the Report (2)1.3Structure of the Report (2)Chapter 2 An Introduction to the Source Text (3)2.1About the Author (3)2.2 About the Source Text (4)2.2.1 Publishing Facts of the Source Text (4)2.2.2 Content of the Source Text (4)2.2.3 Linguistic Feature of the Source Text (5)Chapter 3 Theoretical Basis, Translation Difficulties and Solutions (6)3.1 Guiding Theory (6)3.1.1 Introduction to Communicative Translation (6)3.1.2 Application of Communicative Translation (7)3.2 Translation Difficulties (9)3.3 Translation Methods (11)3.3.1 Inversion (11)3.3.2 Conversion (12)3.3.3 Amplification (14)3.3.4 Sentence Division (15)Chapter 4 Conclusion (17)4.1 Lessons Learned from the Translation Practice (17)4.2 Problems to be Resolved (18)References (19)Appendix I Source Text (20)Appendix II 中文译文 (36)Chapter 1 General IntroductionThis chapter makes an introduction to the translation project, involving project background, objectives and structure of the report.1.1Background of the ReportAccording to a survey, most college students nowadays belong to the only child group. Those spoiled children tend to be self-centered and always fail to take others’ feelings into account. When they go to college, they find it hard to get on well with their roommates. In recent years, the media reported several tragic cases which resulted from disharmonious relationship among roommates. Since there are tragic accidents happening in dormitory, people begin to pay more attention to college students’ mental health. As for a generation of the only child, many college students have problems with people and some don’t even know how to interact with others. It is necessary for college students to gain some knowledge of interpersonal communication to deal with tricky things in their life. Thus, based on the translation of Chapter 6 of the book You’re the Only One I Can Tell, the significance of the project is mainly embodied in the following two aspects: firstly, it can make college students realize the subtlety of interpersonal communication and call their attention to behave themselves. Besides, by translating the book, it is hoped to instruct the translation practice and provide guidance for others in the future.This book is not like those theory-oriented ones. It offers many real-life examples which is easy to understand and more instructive. From casual chatting to intimate confiding, from talking about problems to telling what you had for dinner, Tannen uncovers the patterns of communication and miscommunication that affect friendships at different points in our lives. She shows how even the best of friends—with the best intentions—can say wrong things, and how words can repair the damage done by words. Through Tannen’s insight, humor, and ability to present pitch-perfect real-life dialogues, readers will see themselves and their friendships on every page. So, to translate this book will provide references for college students to better understand one another.1.2Objectives of the ReportThe translation report is based on the Chapter 6 named “Too Close for Comfort” which deconstructs the ways in which women friends talk and how those ways can bring friends closer or pull them apart. The project helps readers grasp the notion of “cutoffs” and “poaching” in friendship which are rarely realized by them and makes them understand friendship better. The translation of this text also aims to explain the multiple roles of friendships and to benefit college students who want to gain some knowledge of interpersonal communication from real-life examples. In addition, it is hoped that the translation of the text can help the author to understand Peter Newmark’s communicative translation better and make a summary of two-year studies as a postgraduate.1.3Structure of the ReportThe translation report includes the following chapters. Chapter 1 makes an introduction to the translation project, which involves project background, objectives and structure of the report. Chapter 2 gives a brief introduction to the author and an analysis of the source text, containing publishing information and main contents of the original. Chapter 3 offers a detailed description of “communicative translation” theory, followed by its guidance to this translation project. At the same time, this chapter also points out the difficulties encountered in the translation and the application of translation methods. Chapter 4 is the conclusion, which summarizes the lessons learnt from the translating process and the problems left to be solved.Chapter 2 An Introduction to the Source TextThis chapter is about the author and the analysis of the source text, containing publishing information and main contents of the original.2.1 About the AuthorYou’re the Only One I Can Tell: Inside the Language of Women’s Friendships is written by Deborah Tannen, who is an American academic and professor of linguistics at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C..Deborah Tannen focuses on the expression of interpersonal relationships especially in the conversational interaction. Tannen has researched conversational interaction and style differences at various levels and related to different situations, involving differences in conversation styles in connection with gender and cultural background. Particularly, Deborah Tannen has done many gender-linked researches and writing which put stress on miscommunications between men and women.Tannen also wrote some general-audience books about interpersonal communication and public discourse. She became a household name in the United States after the book You Just Don't Understand: Women and Men in Conversation, which was published in 1990. It has been on the New York Times Best Seller list for almost four years (eight months at No.1) and it was rendered into 30 other languages. She has also written several other books, such as:That's Not What I Meant!: How Conversational Style Makes or Breaks Relationships(published by William Morrow Paperbacks in 2011);The Argument Culture: Stopping America's War of Words (published by Ballantine Books in 1999); andI Only Say This Because I Love You: Talking to Your Parents, Partner, Sibs, and Kids When You're All Adults(published by Ballantine Books in 2002).2.2 About the Source Text2.2.1 Publishing Facts of the Source TextIn 2017, You’re the Only One I Can Tell: Inside the Language of Women’s Friendships was first published in the United States by Ballantine Books and in Great Britain by Virago Press. The Wall Street Journal and The Washington Post highly recommended the book. ISBN:9781101885802. Up to now, there is no Chinese version published.2.2.2 Content of the Source TextFriendship is to us what sunshine to trees. Friendship acts as multiple roles in our lives. Sometimes, friends instruct and encourage us like a mentor or a therapist; sometimes, friends take good care of us like a mother or a big sister. Now that friendship is so important, we should treasure it carefully. The goal of the book You’re the Only One I Can Tell: Inside the Language of Women’s Friendships is to help readers understand women’s friendships—how they work or fail, how they help and hurt, and how we can make them better.This book also aims to figure out what it means to be a friend and how we connect to other people. Apart from some occasional examples from novels and short stories, all the examples which the author gave are based on real ones.Though Deborah Tannen focuses on women’s friendships, but some of what she writes might also be true of friendships between women and men, and among men.In the chapter 6 “Too Close for Comfort”, Deborah Tannen explains friendship is like a double-edged sword which is “for your growth” but also “ for your pruning”. Especially when a friendship gets too close, it is more likely to be for your pruning. The translation project selects chapter 6 (10000 words) as the source text which gives a detailed introduction to “cutoffs” and “poaching” and makes some analyses.2.2.3 Linguistic Feature of the Source TextPeter Newmark is a famous British translation theorist, who classified texts into three categories: expressive text, informative text and vocative text on the basis of Karl Buhler’s theory of language and Katharina Reiss’s typology.According to Newmark, informative texts include textbooks, memos, reports, papers and so on, and put stress on the external situation, the topic and the reality beyond the language(Newmark, 1988, p.40), therefore, this type of text is to convey the information and mainly focuses on the content or topic. The target translation of this type calls for receptors’ response and understanding. Thus, Newmark advised adopting the approach of communicative translation, attempting to exert an effect on its receptors as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of the source text and stress the truth and accuracy during the translating process. In terms of this aspect, Newmark’s opinion is similar to Eugene Nida’s dynamic equivalence, that’s, the readers of a translated text should be able to comprehend it to the point that they can conceive of how the original readers of the text must have understood and appreciate it.(Nida,1982, p. 118)In the book You’re the Only One I Can Tell: Inside the Language of Women’s Friendships, Tannen applies case-study method by interviewing more than 80 women from all over the word ranging in age from 9-97 to explore how patterns of communication and miscommunication have influences on friendships; and the language of the source text is characterized by concision and dialogues. As is known, the focus of an informative text is to deliver plain facts or referential content and topic. The source text can be categorized into the informative text. “The target text (TT) of an informative text should transmit the full referential or conceptual content of the source text (ST). The translation should be in plain prose, without redundancy and with the use of explication when required.”(Munday, 2001, p.73) Thus, in the translation of You’re the Only One I Can Tell: Inside the Language of Women’s Friendships, the translator should pay attention to the linguistic differences and apply various translation skills so that the version is more understandable and readable for Chinese readers.Chapter 3 Theoretical Basis, Translation Difficulties and SolutionsThis chapter contains a careful description of guiding theory and its direction to this translation project. For the reason that the source text is categorized into informative text, the translator adopts Newmark’s “communicative translation” strategy as guidance.3.1 Guiding TheoryAccording to Newmark’s text typology, the source text is under the category of informative text. The focus of an informative text is to deliver plain facts, logical or referential content and topic. According to Katherina Reiss, the ideal translation would be one “in which the aim in the target language is equivalence as regards the conceptual content, linguistic form and communicative function of a source language text.”(Reiss, 1987, p.112) Hence, the translator selects the communicative translation theory of Peter Newmark as the guiding theory of the thesis, where the translator attempts to exert the same effect on the target text readers as the original produced on the source text readers to guarantee the target text readers can receive the same meaning as readers of the original language.3.1.1 Introduction to Communicative TranslationPeter Newmark is an English professor of translation at the University of Surrey. He is renowned for Approaches to Translation, About Translation and A Textbook of Translation and so on. He put forward two translation models: semantic translation and communicative translation. In A Textbook of Translation, he noted “while semantic translation is used for expressive texts, communicative translation is for informative and vocative texts” (Newmark, 1988, p.47) According to Newmark, “communicative translation attempts to produce on its readers an effect as close as possible to that obtained on the readers of the original.”(马会娟&苗菊, 2009, p. 33)“Communicative translation addresses itself solely to the second reader, whodoes not anticipate difficulties or obscurities, and would expect a generous transfer of foreign elements into his own culture as well as his language where necessary.”(马会娟&苗菊, 2009, p. 33)Normally, by making and adapting the thought and cultural content of the original，the translator makes the version more easier, smoother, clearer and more idiomatic to read. In this case, the translator has a high degree of freedom to explain the source text, adjust the style, eliminate the ambiguity and even correct the mistake of the original author.3.1.2 Application of Communicative TranslationThis project takes the communicative translation as the guiding theory. According to Newmark ,“communicative translation attempts to render the exact contextual meaning of the original in such a way that both content and language are readily acceptable and comprehensible to the readership.”(Newmark, 2001, p.47)Example 1ST: But friends can also be for your pruning.TT:但是朋友也会使你退步。
太傻专家
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英汉互译简明教程第二版答案张震久
英汉互译简明教程第二版答案张震久《实用英汉互译简明教程》第五章“主要翻译方法”课后翻译参考答案第一节确定词义，表达得体(1)I. Please translate following phrases and sentences into Chinese.(1)广播学校(即通过电台对各地学生授课的学校)(误：空军学校)(2)家谱(误：一棵家庭树)(3)他们要我们吃晚饭，我们说刚吃过，于是贝克小姐就让我们喝茶，吃点心。
(第一个tea意为a meal eaten in the early evening, 即晚饭)(4)他正闷闷不乐，因为他刚才和朋友吵了一架。
(blue: n. an argument, quarrel or fight)(5)有关这城主街的说法实在令人难以置信(或：真是离谱)。
(high street: the main street of a town or a city; tall: hard to believe, exaggerated)(6)她对我说她那18岁的儿子是她子女中最小的。
(baby: a person of any age, who is the youngest of a family among brothers and sisters)(7)她母亲是墨尔本一家医院的护士长。
(sister: senior nurse in a hospital 护士长或资历高的护士)(8)虽然这场经济衰退波及全球的每个角落，但各地受到的影响不尽相同。
(9)我们得到的是一个大零鸡蛋。
(10)卡特现在正拿石油开刀，下一个目标会是谁呢?(11)一些人在吹这种风。
(12)老兄，听着，没有人对你那乱弹琴的意见感兴趣。
(13)罗斯福要是光杆司令，他也不会有所作为。
(14)严格来说，他在政治上已被萨达特政权打入冷宫。
(15)他想学习，增长知识，也愿意把自己的知识教给别人。
(16)曙色中的海岛美极了，晨曦柔和，彩云片片。
现代汉译英口译教程第二版课文翻译
Lesson11.3美国副总统复旦演讲韩市长，非常感谢您！谢谢您做介绍时的友好言辞。
今天我们很高兴来到这里。
我和我夫人为有这次机会再次来到中国访问感到荣幸。
感谢贵国对我们的欢迎，特别感谢复旦大学的热情接待。
我们为此感到不胜荣幸，谢谢你们！我们此行带来了布什总统和美国人民的良好祝愿。
我知道在座的许多人很快就要从这所优秀的大学毕业。
我听说贵校有极为严格的标准，得到复旦大学的学位代表着多年的刻苦攻读和自我约束。
我祝贺在座各位学业有成。
对各位老师坚持复旦大学99年追求卓越的传统我深表钦佩。
1.4 Speech by Wang Ganga at Princeton UniversityLadies and Gentlemen,Good evening. I am honored to be invited to your seminar frightful my colleagues and for many other Chinese, Princeton has long been a familiithaamleistory concertantes country, it has producednanyoutstanding eople,Woodrow Wilson, the 28 US president, Albert Einstein, the great scientist, and Tselios, the famous poet, to name but as former president Bill Clinton said in 1996 at the celebrations for the"250 anniversary of Princeton, every pivotal moment in American history, Princetonleaslership, faculty and its suedette played a crucial role. “I am more pleased to learn that you have a keen interest in China. Though our two countries are geographically far apart, we have a great deal in common everyday lifeWhile many Chinese enjoy Hollywood movies and McDonald's fast food, many Americans said that their clothes and daily necessities are made in China. I hope that today's seminal will help you gain better understanding.1.5新工厂落成典礼上的讲话各位尊敬的来宾，女士们，先生们：下午好！欢迎大家前来参加我们公司在中国的首家新厂房的落成典礼！感谢各位拨冗光临，与我们共同庆祝这一盛大的活动！我谨代表公司对今天来参加典礼的各位供应商、客户嘉宾、各位员工和业务伙伴说声“谢谢！”公司管理层深深为我们的新工厂感到骄傲，我们能干的员工感到骄傲，他们发展了工厂的业务，使之达到国际水平。
综合英语第二版第二册 U1 u7课后翻译
资料收集于网络，如有侵权请联系网站删除UNIT11. For some,it was a matter of geography---not just which tower they worked in or on which floor,but in which corner of the building.对有些人来说，生死攸关的是此时此刻他们所在的位置——不仅是哪幢楼，哪一层，更重要的是大楼的哪个角落。
2. In the noise, smoke and sparks, Mayblum didn't realize that his friend Hong Zhu was behind him in the stairwell the whole time.周围噪声震耳，烟雾弥漫，火星四溅，梅布勒姆没有意识到，他的朋友朱虹始终就在他身后的楼梯井里。
3. piece by piece, she developed a picture of his escape: Harry was on the 87 when the plane hit.她一点一点地拼出了哈里逃生的场景：飞机撞击时，他正在87层。
4. But as hard as she tried, as many questions as she asked, the picture began to fade on the 36th floor但是，尽管她绞尽了脑汁，问了无数问题，她拼出的场景还是在第36层上逐渐模糊了1.那部关于古代战争的电影采用了先进的技术，令观众仿佛身临其境。
( illusion )Thanks to modern technology , the film about that ancient battlegives the audience the illusion of being on the battlefield themselves.2.在那场大火中，整个古城毁于一旦，但是这块石碑却幸运地保存了下来（devastate）That ancient city was devastated by the fire, but fortunately the stone tablet survived .3.他们看了那段录像，听了那位妇女的讲述，心里充满了对那位地震孤儿的同情。
外研版九年级下册英语Module8Unit2部分课文翻译
外研版九年级下册英语Module8 Unit2部分课文翻译英语的学习需要课文的翻译，关于外研版九年级下册英语Module8 Unit2的部分课文翻译有哪些呢?接下来是店铺为大家带来的关于外研版九年级下册英语Module8 Unit2部分课文的翻译，希望会给大家带来帮助。
外研版九年级下册英语Module8 Unit2部分课文翻译(一)1.Who will probably get thanks from the schoolleavers?谁或许将得到毕业生的感谢?a) Family. 家人。
b)Friends. 朋友。
c) Teachers. 老师。
2.What is the speaker probably going to say?演讲者可能打算说什么?a) Thank you. 谢谢你(们)。
b)Good luck! 祝你(们)好运!c) Cheers! 干杯!Now read the passage and check.现在阅读短文并检查答案。
Dear head teacher，teachers，parents and ellow students，l'm very proud that you have chosen me to speak to you today.亲爱的校长、老师们、家长们以及同学们，我非常自豪今天你们选择我给你们作演讲。
I have three roses here：a red one，a yellow one and a white one.These roses are to thank three groups of people for the three most important things that I have learnt. These three things are friendship，effort and trust.我这儿有三支玫瑰：一支红色的、一支黄色的和一支白色的。
外研版八年级下册英语Module2 Unit1课文翻译教学文案
外研版八年级下册英语Module2 Unit1课文翻译1Listen and number the words as you hear them.部分翻译ever□ 曾经exciting□ 令人兴奋的tired□ 疲倦的visit□ 参观wonderful□ 精彩的2Listen again and choose the correct answer.部分翻译1 Lingling has visited/hasn't ever visited the US. 玲玲已经去过／还没有去过美国。
2 Betty has asked/hasn't asked her parents．贝蒂已经请求／还没有请求她的父母。
3 Lingling has travelled/hasn't travelled by plane．玲玲已经乘飞机旅行过／还没有乘飞机旅行过。
Everyday English日常英语. Good luck! （祝你）好运！. That's a pity.太遗憾了。
. That sounds wonderful!那听起来很好！3Listen and read.部分翻译Tony: Hi,Lingling. What are you doing?托尼：嗨，玲玲。
你在做什么？Lingling: I'm entering a competition.玲玲：我在报名参加一个比赛。
Tony:What kind of competition?托尼：什么类型的比赛？Lingling:A speaking competition．玲玲：一个演讲比赛。
Tony：Great．It'll help you improve your speaking. Andmaybe you will win a prize.托尼：太好了。
它将帮助你提高你的口语水平。
或许你还会获奖。
Lingling: The first prize is 'My dream holiday'.玲玲：一等奖是“我的梦想假日”。
外研版八年级下册英语Module5Unit2课文翻译外研版八年级下册课文翻译
外研版八年级下册英语Module5Unit2课文翻译外研版八年级下册课文翻译Work in pairs. Answer the questions about the...部分翻译·Nemo 尼莫·Shrek 史瑞克·the Monkey King 美猴王·Tintin 丁丁·Snoopy 史努比1 Which of them do you know?你知道他们中的哪一个？2 Which of them do you like? Why?你喜欢他们中的哪一个？为什么？Read the passage and choose a sentence that...部分翻译Cartoon heroes卡通故事里的主人公Ixlemo is a cute orange-and-white fish and Shrek is an ugly green man. They look very ditferent,but both of them have won the hearts of young people all over the world.The pictures of these popular cartoon heroes are everywhere,on office desks,schoolbags and puter screens.尼莫是一条可爱的橙白相间的鱼；史瑞克是一个 __绿色的人。
他们看起来差别很大，但他们都赢得了全世界年轻人的心。
这些流行的卡通故事里的主人公的图片随处可见，在办公桌上、书包上和电脑屏幕上。
There are also some older cartoon favourites,for example, the Monkey King. He is the hero of a story called Havoc in Heaven.He leads a group of monkeys against the Emperor of Heaven and his men.He is pave, clever and humorous. Parents andchildren laugh together as the Monkey King makes a terrible mess in heaven. They always expect to see more Monkey King cartoons.屯有稍早一些特别令人喜爱的卡通人物，例如，美猴王。
新概念第二册第10课译文
新概念第二册第10课译文新概念英语第二册第10课的译文如下：课文原文：It is Sunday. The Browns are in their car. They are on their way to the country. Mr. Brown likes to drive his car at weekends. Today he is driving very fast. Mrs. Brown is saying, "George, please drive more slowly! There's a police-car behind us." "Don't worry," Mr. Brown says, "I know the man in it." They come to a very narrow road. The sign says, "One way." But Mr. Brown does not see it. He drives to the end of the road. "Look! You are going the wrong way!" Mrs. Brown cries. "I know," Mr. Brown says, "but I am not driving the car; it is driving me!"译文：这是星期天。
布朗一家人坐在车里，他们正驶向乡村。
布朗先生喜欢在周末开车。
今天他开得很快。
布朗太太说，“乔治，请开慢点！后面有一辆警车。
”“别担心，”布朗先生说，“我认识里面的人。
”他们来到一条非常窄的道路上。
标志上写着“单行道”。
但布朗先生没有看到。
他开到了路的尽头。
“看！你开错方向了！”布朗太太喊道。
山东省巨野县独山镇第二中学八年级英语下册 Unit 2 I'
Unit 2 I'll help to clean up the city parks Period 41.自主学习:英汉互译建立，设立 write to sb.对。
有影响 send sth. to sb.对。
感到激动 feel lucky to do sth.2.合作探究：完成句子1）我想感谢你把钱送给动物助手。
I’d ________ to thank you _____ sending money to Animal Helpers.2）你的帮助使得我有可能拥有Lucky。
You helped to make ________ _______ for me to have Lucky.3）Lucky对我的生活有巨大的影响。
Lucky _____ a big _______ _______ my life.4）对盲人和聋子来说会是什么样呢？What would it be _______ to be _______or _______ ?3. 达标检测：用所给单词的适当形式填空1）Tom is so _________ (excite) t ha t he can’t say anything.2）His __________ (kind) made the old man happy.3）I have some __________ (difficult) in learing math.4）It isn’t easy for the _________ (able) people to live. We should help them. 5）The new invent ion(发明)will make a great ___________ (diffe rent) to our life.4.作业：选词填空imagine blind de af letter opening1). Though you tell the funniest story, he doesn’t laugh because he’s _______.2). There’s s omething wrong with my watch. Clould you _______ it for me.3).As a ________ man, he can’t see anything.4).Can you _________ life on the moon.5).I got a _________ from my friend .1。
高中语文苏教必修三《五人墓碑记》徐晓庆PPT课件 一等奖新名师优质课1
肖像的变化；店面的变化；橱窗里靴子的变 化；店面招牌的变化。
从细节我们可以看出格斯拉的命运轨迹；生 意越来越清冷，身体状况越来越差，最后离 开了人世。
名师P4P、T课件造成格斯拉兄弟悲剧命运的原因是 什么?
1、
。“他们利用广告而不靠工作把一切
做出伟大的事业，就是平凡的成绩也不可能得到。
-
---柴可夫斯基
如果道德败坏了，趣味也必然堕落。 ----狄德罗
名师PPT课件
选择一个底层人物， 写一段能体现他（她）品质的文字。
再见
谢谢观赏！
暗线
生意忙 (1-----21)
发展 多次做靴 高潮 最后做靴 结局 谈论靴匠
生意差 (22-------42) 哥哥死
生意淡 铺面让
(43----58)
人饿死
文本探究: 名师PPT课件
1、格斯拉格斯拉是一个怎样的靴匠？作者是如 何塑造的？
文本探究: 名师PPT课件
“优质课PPT课件,适合公开课赛课！”
名师PPT课件
英·高尔斯华绥
名师PPT课件
名师情PPT节课件概括: 一个生活在底层的优秀制靴匠,宁肯饿 死也不愿降低靴子的质量的故事.
情节线索:
“我”去靴匠店里定做靴子.
名师PPT课件
请按小说的情节线 索将课文标序分段
情节结构
名师PPT课件
明线
开端 初次做靴
垄断去了”。
2、
。“为了讲究时髦”、“人们好像不要
结实的靴子了”。
3、
。“不让任何人碰他的靴
子”“要费好长时间去做它”。
4、
。“从不登广告”
江苏省宿迁市现代实验学校八年级英语下册Unit7InternationalcharitiesPeri
Unit 7 International charitiesPeriod Two Reading 1【课前预习】1. Dr Ma, please tell us s omething about blindness.知识链接： blindness 不可数名词，意为“失明”【边学边练】不要因为失明就放弃你的梦想。
_________________________________________________【拓展】blindness是形容词blind + 后缀ness 构成的名词，类似的还有：kindness illness happiness richness sadness2. …mostly in poor areas, a nd about 80 per cent of these cases can be prevented or cured.知识链接： mostly 副词，意为“主要地；大部分地；多半地”I’m mostly at home on Sundays.He writes to his parents every week, mostly on Saturdays.辨析：mostly 和 mostmostly: 只作副词，意为“主要地；大部分；多半”These children are mostly from the city.most：①形容词，意为“最多的，最高程度的”He has the most friends.②副词，意为“最”I think Maths is the most important of all the subjects.③名词，意为“大多数，大部分”He spent most of the time in playing computer games.一句辨异：Most of the workers go to work mostly on foot.case 可数名词，意为“病例；案例”This is a case of fever.cure 及物动词，意为“治愈，矫正”Can you cure the sick child?【拓展】cure sb. of one’s illness “治好某人的疾病”【边学边练】这种特别的药治好了他的头疼。
B1 Unit 8 Text 2 英汉对照(原Unit8)
Text TwoTwo Boxes of Gold (Ⅱ)1．Levison put his head out of the window. "It's true," he said, drawing it in again. "Two hours' delay at least," the man says. "It's very annoying, but these things happen. We'll have some coffee and another game of cards. We must each look at our own luggage, or, if Mr Blamyre will go and order supper, I will see to it all. But goodness me, what is that shining out there by the station lamps? Hey, you sir, guard, what is happening at the station?"2．"Those are soldiers, sir," replied the guard. "They happened to be at the station on their way to Chalons. The station-master has sent them to watch the luggage-van, and to see to the changing over of the luggage. No passenger is to go near it, because there are special government stores in the train."3．Levison spat on the ground, and said something under his breath. I supposed he was angry with the French railways.4．"I say, sir," said the Major, "have you ever seen such clumsy carts?" and he pointed out of the window. I looked and saw two country carts, each with four strong 课文二两箱黄金(Ⅱ)1．利维森把头探出窗外，然后又缩回来，对我们说道：“是真的，那个人说至少要耽搁两小时。
互改译文2
Neural networkChurnStandard route intoElite universityDisposition suited to academiaNormal folkLure away fromLucrative jobsKick off coursesInceptionScatter aroundProposition英译汉：2018年11月13日人工智能：快速深度学习旨在让任何人学会如何使用人工智能的新计划过去五年里，从事人工智能研究的人成为了科技界中的摇滚明星。
深度学习是人工智能的一个分支，它利用神经网络计算机，从大量信息中提取样本。
经证实，这一技术大有裨益。
替亚马逊、苹果公司、脸书及谷歌构建软件的从业人员，技能娴熟者可开出高达六位数的工资。
而行业大牛/行业中的佼佼者年薪可逾一百万。
此前，从事这一行业的门槛很高，需持有美国名牌大学的计算机科学博士学位，而拿到这一学位更是花费数年。
不仅如此，还要求自身性格适合搞学术。
这样的人少之又少，正常人中挑不出几个。
好不容易拿到学位，毕业生往往又奔着高薪工作而去，不再继续深造。
如今，这一切都在悄然改变。
上个月，总部位于旧金山的非盈利学习机构Fast.ai 于第三年推出其深度学习课程。
自Fast.ai成立之初，已经吸引了十万多名学生，遍布全球各地，横跨大半个地球，有印度人也有尼日尼亚人。
该课程和慕名前来的学习者们秉持同一理念，即深度学习实践不需花费数年取得博士学位就能进行。
如何制作能够自主学习的软件，这可以当作一门手艺来学，无须关在象牙塔中，只为了追寻极高的学术成就而学。
Fast.ai的课程七周便可学完。
杰瑞米·霍华德（Jeremy Howard）和数学家雷彻·托马斯（Rachel Thomas）共同创立了fast.ai。
霍华德的目的在于，简化深度学习，让任何想学习如何构建人工智能软件的人容易上手。
他表示，学校中修习的数学课程已经足够。
新概念英语第二册笔记_第70课
Lesson 70 Red for danger 危险的红色【Text】During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger. The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself.When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.【课文翻译】在一次斗牛时，一个醉汉突然溜达到斗牛场中间，人们开始大叫起来，但醉汉却没有意识到危险。
外研版初中八年级下册英语精品词汇微课 Module 9 Unit 2
treasure还可作动词，意为“珍惜；珍视”。
例句：
◆ We must treasure every minute.
讲解：
day by day意为“一天天地；渐渐地”， 表示逐渐变化的过程。
例句：
◆ It’s getting warmer day by day.
一天天地； 渐渐地
拓展： 其他类似结构的短语如下
例句：
◆ We used glue to stick the broken pieces together.
n. 胶水
辨析： suggestion与advice
suggestion可数名词，其复数形式为 suggestions。advice不可数名词，表示 “一条建议”时，用a piece of advice。
讲解：
circle作名词，意为“（熟悉的、相关的人 形成的）圈子”。
例句：
◆ Make your circle of friends big by starting a club.
n.（熟悉的、相 关的人形成的）
圈子
拓展：
(1) circle作可数名词时，还可意为“圆；圆 圈；圆形”。
(2) circle作动词时，意为“圈出；圈起”。
(2) 作及物动词，还可意为“（考试）及格，通过”。 (3) 作不及物动词，意为“（时间）推移，逝去”。
讲解： bright作形容词，意为“欢快的”。
例句： ◆ She gave me a bright smile.
adj. 欢快的； 明亮的
拓展： bright作形容词，还可意为“明亮
的；鲜艳夺目的；聪明的”。
v. 经过；通过
讲解： pass作及物动词，意为“经过；通过”。
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重新思考“临时性建筑”
因为渴望古迹所带来的地位象征，我们倾向于把建筑视为永恒。
这样的建筑有它独特的重要性，但是其他种类的建筑也有。
在21世纪前十年的大部分时间里，建筑意味着按照标准修建房屋。
无论修建的是一个颇具争议的纪念碑或者是一座无法想象极尽奢华的公寓大厦，建筑的目标就是让建造的这些东西能永久留存。
建筑一直以来就是永久性的代名词，但它应该是这样吗？
在过去的几年，建筑可能并不等同于永恒。
建筑比林斯指数处于历史最低点，主要的利润更是少之又少。
那些吸引眼球的建筑迅速建好，很快又消失，像移动店铺，餐车，集贸市场，演出场地等。
虽然很多这类型的建筑物已经失去了吸引力（例如，一个移动的玩具反斗城），临时性建筑却无可否认地得到了一个机会：在这个流动性文化的时代，临时性建筑是一个恰当的选择。
就像许多流行的趋势，例如合作消费（也叫做“分享”），社区花园，以物易物和商品交易，“临时性建筑”是如此的盛行以致来势汹汹。
今年十一月份，我有幸同利物浦大学教授兼建筑师，在便携式、临时性、机动性等领域都可以称得上是大师的罗伯特·克朗伯克主持了南加州大学建筑学院有关“理想都市环境”的座谈。
他对这些领域已是相当痴迷，并出版了关于此方面的数本论著，包括《灵活的：适用于变化的建筑物》、《便携式建筑物：设计和技术》和《移动房屋的起源》。
克朗伯克相信，移动性有一种与生俱来的潜力。
相比之下，移动的环境比静止的环境更有活力，所以为什么建筑就应该是静止的呢？所有的建筑物不应该只追求永久性的这一观点对建筑学来说代表着一个巨大的转变。
没有了这个负担，建筑师、设计师、施工人员和开发商就可以利用并更快的实施当前的技术。
建筑则应该是可以重复使用，循环使用并可持续使用的。
照这样的方法重修建筑，不仅能够较好地解决那些似乎不能解决的困难，还可以成功地为人们营造一种归属感。
在他的陈述中，克朗伯克举例说明便携式建筑，临时性建筑是怎样应用于人类活动的各个方面的，包括卫生保健（从佛罗伦萨医院的改造到在肯尼迪执政期间用做移动医疗诊所的充气式房车），住房（从圆顶帐篷到尖顶帐篷再到日本建
筑师坂松设计的震后纸质棚屋），文化与商业（舞台和万国博览会建筑物，历经百年的塞纳河边的旧书店，移动餐饮，能够提供从故事录音到焦糖布丁等一切东西的艺术馆和音乐厅）。
克朗伯克提出了一个非常有说服力的观点：这些建筑结构固有的实验性给先入为主的关于建筑物可以是什么样并且应该是什么样的理念带来了挑战。
关于修建临时性建筑的策略，他解释道，“这种策略能满足不可预知的需求，更为经济实惠，并且激励创新。
”同时他也强调，现在是时候让终端用户，设计师，建筑师，建筑公司重新思考他们对临时性建筑、便携式建筑、可移动性建筑的态度了。
这对城市规划发展和建筑来说，有同等意义。
城市建设可能曾经会在像丹尼尔·博翰或罗伯特·摩西这样大师级规划师的办公桌上突然发生，但在今天，情况完全不一样了。
如今，没有一个设计师能预测到日益多元化的多变需求，也做不到能及时、灵活的响应这些需求，而短期的，实验性的建筑可以做到这一点。
这并不是说长期规划就没有它的地位，这两项规划要相辅相成。
迈克·莱登是“道路规划合作组织”的创始人，他认为应该将自然因素注入到城市发展过程中，并见证这些临时干预（他称之为“城市化策略”）作为一种短期行为带来的长久的变化。
尽管旧金山的“人行道变公园”和纽约的“停车位咖啡馆”这样快捷而低廉的项目受到了媒体的巨大关注，莱登看到的远不止此类时尚专栏的素材。
他说，“这并不只是一个本末倒置的尝试。
这不是个人完成的城市化，这包含了应用于所有不同规模建筑的一系列相关的理论，技术和策略”。
莱登还说道，“我们看到这些项目大量出现的原因有三个。
一是经济原因，人们需要创造性地做事。
二是互联网的发达。
即使在四五年前，我们还不能通过视频网站或者脸谱网来分享这些策略和技术。
而现在我们可以立即了解到任何发生在达拉斯的事。
网络加速了这一想法的发展，也加剧了纽约和旧金山两岸之间的竞争，比如说，评价哪一方做得更出色、更好。
三是人口迁移。
城市社区在逐渐改善并改变。
这吸引了期待自己改善社区环境的人群。
这些人既聪明又勤奋，每周工作40小时，却也有足够的空闲时间去参与这一规划。
而这似乎是一件很自然的事情。
”
莱登并不是主张结束城市长期规划，而是鼓励更多耗时短的，实验性的，测试性的项目（与长时间等待项目审核被通过相比，这是更能满足需求的选择）。
正如莱登解释的那样，尽管这不见得会直接改变现有的准则和区划法规，但已进步。
因为事实证明“这种实践就像在旧思维和老政策的道路中间点亮了一盏指路明灯。
”
达拉斯集团的“建设更好街区”项目，很快地从一个微小的基层集团变成城市建设的积极合作伙伴。
这足以表明，当你暴露自身弱点时，改变已经发生。
如果他们的临时干预违反了现有准则，“建设更好街区”则是通知路人这一事实的一个暗号，注明他们以这种方式改变了法令法规。
并且有时候，官僚主义并不总是会允许真正的变化发生。
莱登说，实践得出的结果同样可以帮助开发商为他们的项目制定正确的方案。
“一个开发商能够从市场的角度真正了解到社区需要什么，才可以真正影响或改变他们的计划。
希望他们能够亲身参与到社区，然后建立自己的社区。
如果开发商真的愿意这样做，就会有成功的可能。
并且他们确实做到了。
比如说，布鲁克林的迪卡伯市场本只能在当地开放三年，但已成为一个购物中心。
而之前这里并没有多少这样的超市。
莱登说，“人们被它吸引了，都喜欢去那。
如果这个地方消失了，人们会感到伤感。
这样开发商就会聪明的把它整合成社区花园之类的建筑，给居民一个在那种植农作物的机会。
因而电台、啤酒花园也就能够长期保留下来了。
”
旧金山的代理项目就是这个原理。
当开发商选择在经济萧条时期坐观其变时，由“信封架构和设计”团队设计，安置在一个奇巧的集装箱中的零售店、餐馆和文化场所都有在位于城市的海耶斯山谷附近社区的一块政府所有的闲置土地上五年的临时使用期限。
开发商承诺在这里建造经济适用房。
现在，他们可以在一个日渐充满活力，行人友善的社区中开展这样一个项目了。
在更大程度上，森林城市的主要开发商已经在旧金山市区的五米工程中反复试验这些理念正确与否。
在他们等待经济衰退结束期间，这个实验性项目的租客使用了在五米任务的场地。
它过去是（如今也是）《旧金山纪事报》所在地，而现在还是诸如科技商店、枢纽躯体公司共同工作区、艺术交叉点、科技公司广场和为那些饥饿的勤奋工作的租客提供食物的少数几个摊位的所在地。
几年前，森林城市公司更可能会仅仅建好一栋顶层带有高档公寓的办公大厦后就收工了，公司的一位副总亚莉克莎·阿瑞娜说，“经济衰退让公司有时间为新兴的经济和便
利于此种经济的环境重新规划场地。
”
在“干预者工具箱”栏目中，评论家玛丽亚·柴格尔写到，城市规划者自己设计的干预措施能否真的成功不会仅仅建立在一个项目的基础上，而是“当我们能够在扩大服务范围，经济影响，社区授权，企业家精神，建筑的可持续性和设计的基础上评估这些举动时，才获得了真正的成功。
而目前我们还没有做到这一点。
”
她说的是对的。
人们不需要搜索那些不仅失败了还带来灾难的临时建筑的例子（比如，受飓风卡特里袭击的临时建筑拖车）。
策略性城市化之所以具有吸引力，在很大程度上，与政治有关。
正如一个实践者所说，“我们做这些事情是因为政府行动得太慢了。
”
但所有这一切不仅只是为了应对官僚主义，更重要的是，它是我们自由思考和创造力的大胆体现。
而展示现在的进展还远远不够。
采用临时性建筑和相应策略可能不是最好的选择，但它可以是我们在城市建设的武器库中最强大的工具之一。