中南大学研究生英语精读教程全两册-课本翻译(第三版)
大学英语精读1~3册课文翻译(最全的)
我想建议每天晚上一播完晚间新闻，美国所有的电视台都依法停播六十至九十分钟。
让我们认真而通情达理地看一下，如果这一建议被采纳的话，会有什么样的结果。千家万户也许会利用这段时间真正地团聚一番。没有电视机的干扰，他们晚饭后也许会围坐在一起，当真交谈起来。众所周知，我们的许多问题——事实上是所有的问题，从代沟、高离婚率到某些精神病——至少部分地是由于没能交流思想而引起的。我们谁也不把自己心头的烦恼告诉别人，结果感情上便产生了这样那样的问题。利用这安静的、全家聚在一起的时刻来讨论我们的各种问题，我们相互之间也许会更加了解，更加相爱。
The Present
这天是老太太的生日。
为了静心等候邮件，她一早就起床了。邮差打马路那头过来的时候，她从三楼的公寓套间里一眼就可以看到。她难得有信，偶尔有邮件寄来，总是由住在底楼的小男孩给她送上来。
她相信今天肯定会有东西来。迈拉尽管在别的时候绝少写信，可母亲的生日她是不会忘记的。当然，迈拉很忙。她丈夫当上了市长，迈拉自己也由于悉心为老年人工作而获得一枚奖章。
5．广泛阅读。广泛阅读很重要，因为在我们的学习环境中，阅读是最重要、最可靠的语言输入来源。在选择阅读材料时，要找你认为有趣的、不需要过多依赖词典就能看懂的东西。开始时每天读一页是个好办法。接下去，你就会发现你每天可以读更多页，而且能对付难度更高的材料。
6．经常写。写作是练习你已经学会的东西的好方法。除了老师布置的作文，你还可以找到自己要写的理由。有个笔友可以提供很好的动力；与某个跟你趣味相投但来自不同文化的人进行交流，你会学到很多东西。经常写作的其他方式还有记日记，写小故事或概述每天的新闻。
有些晚上，如果没有必要进行这种交谈，那么各家各户也许会重新发现一些更为积极的消遣活动。如果他们挣脱开电视机的束缚而不得不另寻自己的活动，他们也许会合家驱车去看日落。或者也许会全家一起去散步（还记得自己长有双脚吗？），用新奇的目光观察住处周围的地区。
大学英语精读第三版第四册课文和课文翻译
Unit 1Two college-age boys, unaware that making money usually involves hard work, are tempted by an advertisement that promises them an easy way to earn a lot of money. The boys soon learn that if something seems to good to be true, it probably is. 一个大学男孩，不清楚赚钱需要付出艰苦的劳动，被一份许诺轻松赚大钱的广告吸引了。
男孩们很快就明白，如果事情看起来好得不像真的，那多半确实不是真的。
BIG BUCKS THE EASY WAY轻轻松松赚大钱"You ought to look into this," I suggested to our two college-age sons. "It might be a way to avoid the indignity of having to ask for money all the time." I handed them some magazines in a plastic bag someone bad hung on our doorknob. A message printed on the bag offered leisurely, lucrative work ("Big Bucks the Easy Way!") of delivering more such bags.“你们该看看这个，”我向我们的两个读大学的儿子建议道。
“你们若想避免因为老是向人讨钱而有失尊严的话，这兴许是一种办法。
”我将挂在我们门把手上的、装在一个塑料袋里的几本杂志拿给他们。
大学英语精读3课文(第三版)_中英文对照
课文翻译Unit 1TextA young man finds that strolling along the streets without an obvious purpose can lead to trouble with the law. One misunderstanding leads to another until eventually he must appear in court for trial……一个青年发现，在大街上毫无明显目的地游逛会招致警方的责罚。
误会一个接一个发生，最终他只得出庭受审……A Brush with the Law与警察的一场小冲突I have only once been in trouble with the law. 我平生只有一次跟警方发生纠葛。
The whole process of being arrested and taken to court was a rather unpleasant experience at the time, but it makes a good story now. 被捕和出庭的整个过程在当时是一件非常不愉快的事，但现在倒成了一篇很好的故事。
What makes it rather disturbing was the arbitrary circumstances both of my arrest and my subsequent fate in court. 这次经历令人可恼之处在于围绕着我的被捕以及随后庭上审讯而出现的种种武断专横的情况。
It happened in February about twelve years ago. 事情发生在大约12年前，其时正是2月。
I had left school a couple of months before that and was not due to go touniversity until the following October. 几个月前我中学毕业了，但上大学要等到10月。
研究生英语第三版下 课文翻译
unit1应对恐怖主义的技术毒素嗅探器、导弹人为干发射机、放射性核弹探测器：“9·11”事件后闪电式的保卫行动不仅影响着公共安全——还在改变着科学的进程。
史蒂芬·汉德曼[1]在防止未来的“9·11”事件式攻击—或更恶劣的攻击—的竞赛中，华盛顿以前苏联发射人造地球卫星以来所未有的规模对美国的科学机构做了安排。
自2003 年以来，联邦政府对国土防卫研究的投资猛增到近40 亿美元，而这只不过是安全总开支的沧海一粟。
更重要的是，加快的开支把以前截然不同的科学项目结合了起来：软件工程师、流行病学家和生物学家合作开发保护空气与食物不遭受生物恐怖手段破坏的技术。
核物理学家和生物恐怖活动专家如今与行为科学最好的智囊人物合作，设计减少核走私与自杀式炸弹威胁的方法。
[2}然而有些专家认为，这么大的开支实际上只能提供一种安全上的错觉。
《超脱恐惧：明智地考虑变幻莫测世界的安全问题》的作者布鲁斯·施奈尔说：“这当中有许多都是做表面文章的保安技术，目的是让你感到更安全。
”他指出，高技术防护措施大量涌入了从白宫到各地市政厅等标志性建筑内，他声称这就会将恐怖分子的注意力引向地铁与体育场等“较软性”目标。
但政府似乎也赞同此观点。
不断扩大的国土保安措施不仅包括了大目标，而且也包括了国家广大易受攻击的区域。
下面是 5 个风险最高的领域以及今后几年会出现的一些保卫它们的技术。
空气、水、食品[3]这个领域里最大的难题之一是研制一系列传感器，它们能觉察出对从田地里的庄稼到公共场所的空调系统等各样事物所发动的攻击。
环保局和疾病控制预防中心及联邦调查局协作，在美国30 个城市部署了一个微型毒素检测器的网络，作为叫做“生物警卫”的3 亿美元项目的一部分。
它的各个过滤器收集空气中的毒物，而后这些毒物被送到实验室去分析。
[4]劳伦斯·利弗莫尔国家实验室的科学家用他们的病原体自动检测系统(APDS) 进一步贯彻了这种意图。
英语精读课后翻译(下)
研究生英语系列教材教师参考书（第三版·下）►Text:Technology vs. TerrorismB. Put the following into English.1. 超级市场连同消费者都遭到了通货膨胀的沉重打击。
2. 这座金属塔的用途是把电视信号传送到边远的山村。
3. 他14 岁时第一次以钢琴家身份登台表演。
4. 不管凭什么借口，外人都不得入内。
5. 谎言再多也无法掩盖事实。
6. 教学改革以来，我们学校的学科发展得到了进一步加强，整体学科布局得到了进一步优化。
学科的整合促进了多学科间的相互影响。
我们还建立了一些跨学科组织。
在此基础上，我们学校建立和改建了许多科研和技术转让的平台，为多学科和跨学科的发展和研究提供了更有利的条件。
B. 1. Supermarkets along with customers have been hard hit by inflation.2. This metal tower is used to relay television signals to distant mountainous villages.3. He made his debut as a pianist at the age of 14.4. Upon no pretext whatever may any outsider gain admission.5. No amount of lies can conceal (cover up) the facts.6. Since the educational reform, the discipline development in our university has been further strengthened and overall discipline arrangement optimized. The integration of disciplines has promoted the multi-discipline interaction. Several new cross-disciplinary groups have been set up. On this basis, our university has established and improved a number of scientific platforms for research and technology transfer, thus providing more favorable conditions for multi-disciplinary or cross-disciplinary development and research.Ⅴ. WritingSuggested passage:Anti-Piracy CampaignIn recent years, it is quite common to find some pirated goods in Chinese markets, such as pirated books, pirated discs and so on. The piracy activities are so prevalent and harmful that a nationwide anti-piracy campaign has been in full swing under the directions of the government agencies and departments concerned. The reasons for the piracy prevalence may be the following: one, the public is not well-informed of the function and benefits of the intellectual property and copyright laws, so their consciousness of enforcing these laws is not profound. A lot of customers, including some of the highly educated, tend to buy pirated goods because of their much lower prices. Another is that the intellectual property and copyright laws are not fully implemented in reality and the punishment for pirates is not severe enough. The piracy activities have so seriously damaged the profits of the creators and the publishers that prompt and effective measures have to be taken to crack down on piracy.In my opinion, winning the war against piracy depends mainly on the joint efforts of both the government and the public. First, the government should further enforce the related laws and punish the pirates more severely. Second, the public consciousness of these laws should be enhanced to help them take correct attitude towards pirated materials. And third, the creators and publishers should become more sensitive about their intellectual property and copyrights, and try to take self-defense measures to protect themselves. With all these efforts and measures,we can surely eliminate piracy.►Text:Active and Passive Euthanasia1.阅读（提供）给心灵的只是知识材料，思维才能把我们所读的东西变成自己的（东西）。
大学英语精读1第三版课文英汉对照详解
UNIT 1As we are at the start of the course, this seems a good moment to offer some advice on how to make the task of learning English easier.课程开始之际，就如何使学习英语的任务更容易提出一些建议似乎正当其时。
Some Strategies for Learning EnglishLearning English is by no means easy. It takes great diligence and prolonged effort.学习英语绝非易事。
它需要刻苦和长期努力。
Nevertheless, while you cannot expect to gain a good command of English without sustained hard work, there are various helpful learning strategies you can employ to make the task easier. Here are some of them.虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。
以下便是其中的几种。
1. Do not treat all new words in exactly the same way. Have you ever complained about your memory because you find it simply impossible to memorize all the new words you are learning? But, in fact, it is not your memory that is at fault. If you cram your head with too many new words at a time, some of them are bound to be crowded out. What you need to do is to deal with new words in different ways according to how frequently they occur in everyday use. While active words demand constant practice and useful words must be committed to memory, words that do not often occur in everyday situations require just a nodding acquaintance. You will find concentrating on active and useful words the most effective route to enlarging your vocabulary.1. 不要以完全同样的方式对待所有的生词。
大学英语精读第二册第三版课后翻译(完整版)
7． What do you think is the likeliest time to find him at home?
你觉得什么时候最有可能在家里找到他
8． The hunter’s face (was) lit up with excitement as soon as he saw a fox emerge from among the bushes and run in the
direction of/ make for the trap he had laid.
猎人一看见有只狐狸从树丛中出现并向他设下的陷阱方向跑去，脸上顿时闪出了兴奋的表情
UNIT 2
1． It was suggested at the meeting that a committee of 11 be appointed to make a new constitution.
这项建议在会上一宣布，她就站起来提出异议。
4. Bill has applied to Harvard University for a teaching assistantship, but his chances of getting it are slim.
比尔已向哈佛大学申请助教职位，但他得到它的可能性很小。
会上有人建议任命一个十一人委员会来制定新章程
2． By making on-the-spot observation, the young scientist obtained first-hand information they needed in their research work.
UNIT 5
研究生英语精读教程课文原文+翻译+短文unit3
研究生英语精读教程课文原文+翻译+短文unit3Rats and Men"Insoluble" ProblemsProfessor N. R. F. Maier of the University of Michigan performed a series of experiments several years ago in which "neurosis" is induced in rats. The rats are first trained to jump off the edge of a platform at one of two doors.If the rat jumps to the right, the door holds fast, and it bumps its nose and falls into a net; if it jumps to the left, the door opens, and the rat finds a dish of food. When the rats are well trained to this reaction, the situation is changed. The food is put behind the other door, so that in order to get their reward they now have to jump to the right instead of to the left. (Other changes, such as marking the two doors in different ways, may also be introduced by the experimenter.)If the rat fails to figure out the new system, so that each time it jumps it never knows whether it is going to get food or bump its nose, it finally gives up and refuses to jump at all. At this stage, Dr. Maier says, "Many rats prefer to starve rather than make a choice."密执安大学的N.R.F. 麦耶教授几年前做过一系列可以诱导鼠产生“神经官能症”的实验。
大学英语精读第三版第三册课文翻译
Unit 1与法律的一次小冲突一个年轻人发现，在街上漫无目的的闲逛也会带来涉及法律上的麻烦。
一种误解导致另一种误解，直到最终他必须在法庭上接受审判…….法律小冲突我平生只有一次陷入与法律的冲突。
被捕与被带上法庭的整个经过在当时是一种令人极不愉快的经历，但现在这却成为一个好故事的素材。
尤其令人恼怒的是我被捕及随后在法庭上受审期间的种种武断情形。
事情发生在十二年前的二月，那是我中学毕业已经几个月了，但是要等到十月份才能上大学，所以当时我仍在家中。
一天上午，我来到离我住地不远的伦敦郊区的里士满，那是我正在找一份临时的工作，一边攒些钱去旅游。
由于天体晴朗，有没有什么急事，我便悠然自得的看看窗店橱窗，逛逛公园，有时干脆停下来四处观望。
一定是这种显然无所事事的样子使我倒了霉。
事情发生在十一点半左右，当我在当地图书馆谋之未成，刚从那里出来，就看见一个人从马路对面走过来，显然是想跟我说话。
我愿意为他是要问我时间。
想不到他说他是警察，要逮捕我。
开始我还以为这是个玩笑。
但紧接着又来了一个穿着警服的警察，这下我无可置疑了。
“为什么抓我”我问。
“四处游荡，有作案嫌疑，”他说。
“做什么案”我又问。
“偷东西，”他说。
“偷什么”我追问。
“牛奶瓶”他说，表情极端严肃。
“噢，”事情是这样的，这一带经常发生小偷小摸的案件，尤其是从门前台阶上偷走牛奶瓶。
接着，我犯了个大错误，那是我才十九岁，留着一头乱蓬蓬的长发，自以为是六十年代“青年反主流文化”的一员。
因此，我想对此表现出一副冷漠，满不在乎的态度，于是用一种很随便的无所谓的腔调说：“你们跟我多久了”这样一来，我在他们眼里，我是惯于此种情形的，这又使他们确信我是一个彻头彻尾的坏蛋。
几分钟后来了一辆警车。
“坐到后面去，”他们说：“把手放在椅背上，不许乱动。
”他俩分别坐在我的左右，这下可不是闹着玩的了。
在警察局，他们审问了我好几个小时。
我继续装着老于世故，对此种事习以为常的样子。
当他们问我一直在干什么事时，我告诉他们我在找工作。
研究生英语精读教程(第三版_上)第5单元英文原文及翻译和课后答案
研究生英语精读教程(第三版_上)第5单元英文原文及翻译和课后答案以下是研究生英语精读教程(第三版_上)第5单元的英文原文及翻译和课后答案的文章：Unit 5: English Text and Translation, and Answers to ExercisesI. English Text and Translation1. Text 1Text:The expression "deep water" is used to suggest that a person, an organization or a country is in serious difficulty and will probably become even more involved in trouble. Such a position is described as being in "hot water."关于“深水”的说法用来暗示一个人、一个组织或者一个国家正面临着严重的困难，并且可能变得更加麻烦。
这样的处境被描述为“陷入困境”。
Translation:2. Text 2Text:Ironically, "Into hot water" kept largely its literal sense up to the seventeenth century, meaning actual exposure to danger. Often this would have referred to being in battle.具有讽刺意味的是，在十七世纪之前，“陷入困境”在很大程度上还保持着其字面意义，意味着面临实际的危险。
通常，这可能指的是身处战场。
Translation:3. Text 3Text:The temperature increase then caused a war pageant! An admiral would sign a warrant to commence hostilities – the burning of wooden fleets being an impressive enough spectacle – by placing his official seal at the bottom of the piece of parchment.然后温度的升高引发了一个战争场面！一位军官会签署一份授权书来开始敌对行动——燃烧木舰队已经足够具有震撼力——他会在这张羊皮纸底部放上他的官方印章。
大学英语精读1第三版课文英汉对照汇总
UNIT 1As we are at the start of the course, this seems a good moment to offer some advice on how to make the task of learning English easier.课程开始之际，就如何使学习英语的任务更容易提出一些建议似乎正当其时。
Some Strategies for Learning EnglishLearning English is by no means easy. It takes great diligence and prolonged effort.学习英语绝非易事。
它需要刻苦和长期努力。
Nevertheless, while you cannot expect to gain a good command of English without sustained hard work, there are various helpful learning strategies you can employ to make the task easier. Here are some of them.虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。
以下便是其中的几种。
1. Do not treat all new words in exactly the same way. Have you ever complained about your memory because you find it simply impossible to memorize all the new words you are learning? But, in fact, it is not your memory that is at fault. If you cram your head with too many new words at a time, some of them are bound to be crowded out. What you need to do is to deal with new words in different ways according to how frequently they occur in everyday use. While active words demand constant practice and useful words must be committed to memory, words that do not often occur in everyday situations require just a nodding acquaintance. You will find concentrating on active and useful words the most effective route to enlarging your vocabulary.1. 不要以完全同样的方式对待所有的生词。
研究生英语精读教程（第三版_上）第1单元英文原文与翻译和课后答案（20201219234917）
Unit OneYou Are What You ThinkAnd if you change your mind—from pessimism to optimism—you can change your life 你认为自己是什么样的人，那你就是什么样的人如果你改变想法——从悲观变为乐观——你就可以改变自己的生活Claipe Safran 卡勒普·撒弗兰[ 1 ] Do you see the glass as half full rather than half empty? Do you keep your eyeupon the doughnut, not upon the hole? Suddenly these clichés are scientific questions, as researchers scrutinize the power of positive thinking.[1] 你看酒杯是半杯有酒而不是半杯空着的吗？你的眼睛是盯着炸面圈，而不是它中间的孔吗? 当研究者们仔细观察积极思维的作用时，这些陈词滥调突然间都成了科学问题。
[ 2] A fast-growing body of research—104 studies so far, involving some 15 000people—is proving that optimism can help you to be happier, healthier and moresuccessful. Pessimism leads, by contrast, to hopelessness, sickness and failure, andis linked to depression, loneliness and painful shyness. "If we could teach people tothink more positively," says psychologist Craig A. Anderson of Rice University inHouston，"it would be like inoculating them against these mental ills."[2]迅速增多的大量研究工作——迄今已有 104 个研究项目，涉及大约 15 000人——证明乐观的态度可以使你更快乐、更健康、更成功。
中南大学研究生英语精读教程下课文翻译
Unit oneSome Meanings of Authentic Love真爱的几点内涵爱意味着我了解我所爱的人。
我了解对方的诸多方面--不仅仅是美好的一面，而且包括不足之处，矛盾之处以及各种缺点。
爱，指的是关心我所爱的人的幸福。
如果我真关心你，就会关心你的成长，并希望你在一切可能的范围内成全自己。
爱，指的是维护我所爱的人的尊严。
假如我爱你，我就会把你看成一个具有自己的价值观，思想和感情的独立的人，而不会要求你为了我而改变你的个性和屈从于我对你的期待。
爱，指的是对我所爱的人有责任心。
假如我爱你，我会把你看成一个有独立个性的人，对你的多数重要需求作出反应。
爱，指的是我和我所爱的人能从中共同获取成长的力量。
假如我爱你，我就会因我的爱而在不断成长。
你将会激励我更充分地发展我的潜能，而我对你的爱也将进一步完善你的整个人生。
爱，指的是对我所爱的人做出某种承诺。
这种承诺并非指我们之间要完全屈从于对方，也不暗指我们之间的关系一定要永久不变。
它实指我们必须相互依存的决心，不管是在平静和欢乐的日子还是在痛苦、迷茫、挣扎和失望的时候，都不分离。
爱，指的是信任我所爱的人。
假如我爱你，我就会相信你会接受我的关怀和我的爱，也相信你不会故意伤害我。
我相信我们之间的爱有一种天然的互补性。
爱，须能容忍不完美。
在相爱的过程中，肯定会出现厌烦的时候，有我想放弃的时候，有十分紧张的时候，亦有我感到无望的时候。
真爱并不一定会有持久的幸福。
然而，在厄境中我会坚持下去，因为我能记起我们在过去共同拥有的美好时光，也能预见，假如我们对自己的问题给予足够的重视并加以解决，我们会有光明的前景。
爱，是自愿的。
爱只能是无偿地献出，而不是在需要时赊与。
真爱的付出绝对没有任何附加条件，无条件才是它的品质。
爱，是敞开的。
假如我爱你，我会鼓励你向外发展并建立其他人际关系。
鼓励对方去充分发展自己才是两人相爱的真实证明。
爱，指的是渴望得到我所爱的人，而不是因为缺了对方自己就会不完整。
《研究生英语精读教程》（第三版下）Unit4课文
《研究生英语精读教程》（第三版下）Unit4课文The Man Who Discovered Mother NatureJames Lovelock's bold new theory may forever change the way we look at life on our planet.Lowell PonteAMID GREEN ROLLING HILLS in southwest England, the mud-and-straw cottage seems unchanged since Shakespeare's time. Peacocks strut in the surrounding meadow. But a new adjoining building houses a laboratory filled with computers, chromatographs, chemical and electronic equipment.The owner, James Lovelock, is an anachronism. In an age when almost all scientists are specialists working in large organizations, Lovelock, now 72, is an independent researcher and inventor, freely pursuing his curiosity across many fields. Credited with more than 40 patents, he resembles a modern Ben Franklin, who would study the Gulf Stream one day and the next fly his kite to catch the secrets of lightning bolts. And from his small laboratory, Lovelock has proposed a theory that is changing the way scientists think about life on our planet.It all began more than three decades ago when Lovelock devised the electron capture detector. Still widely used, this electronic nose is able to sniff out a few parts per trillion of chemicals found in the soil, water or air. Aware of Lovelock's skills, NASA asked him in 1961 to help devise ways of detecting life on Mars.Lovelock studied the chemistry of Mars, using analyses provided by NASA's infrared telescopes, and found that no chemical changes were going on. Such stability was a clear gravestone marking a lifeless planet. Later, two Viking robotlanders on Mars confirmed his grim analysis. But now notice this. If one simply withholds treatment, it may take the patient longer to die, and so he may suffer more than he would if more direct action were taken and lethal injection given. This fact provides strong reason for thinking that, once the initial decision not to prolong his agony has been made, active euthanasia is actually preferable to passive euthanasia, rather than the reverse.But while searching for signs of life on Mars, Lovelock became fascinated with the "Goldilocks Problem", a puzzle that has long intrigued scientists: Why is Venus too hot for life, Mars too cold and Earth just right?Researchers used to assume that Earth simply had the good luck to be at precisely the right distance from the Sun so that water remained in a liquid state, at temperatures between boiling and freezing. But our sun has burned hotter as it ages; the best estimate is that it shines with 25 to 30 percent more light and heat than when life first appeared on Earth about 3.8 billion years ago. Earth's average temperature then is estimated to have been around 73 degrees Fahrenheit. Today it's cooler, about 59 degrees F. How could this be?Lovelock wondered whether some powerful, self regulating system was at work. He came up with a provocative thesis: our planet acts like a giant living organism, in which all living things interact to maintain stability.Individuals and species unknowingly play a part, much as the red blood cells in your body have a life of their own, but unwittingly work in concert to maintain your life.Nobel Prize winning author William Golding, Lovelock's neighbor, suggestedcalling the theory Gaia(GUY-ah)after the ancient Greek Earthgoddess, Lovelock embraced the name. Since he first propounded it in 1969, the Gaia Hypothesis has become the center of a major storm of scientific debate.Simple as it sounds, the Gaia Hypothesis is a revolutionary idea. It argues that living things are not passive victims of their environment but can alter it. The theory could transform scientific thinking much as did Sir Isaac Newton's image of the universe as a clockwork mechanism. Gaia challenges the scientific establishment - whose experts jealously rule narrow specialties-to see a bigger picture: the world as one system in which sea and sky and life transform one another. As Lovelock, who earned his doctorate in medicine, has said, "We need to study Earth as doctors diagnose and treat patients, not as an isolated leg or ear but as a whole, living being. We need scientists to think in a new way, to be geophysicians."To understand how Gaia works, turn the clock back to when life was first emerging. Evidence suggests that Earth's atmosphere then contained up to 98 percent carbon dioxide. This produced a "super greenhouse effect“ that kept our world warm. But as the Sun gradually burned hotter, what prevented Earth from becoming overheated? Just such a runaway greenhouse effect turned Venus, a planet very similar to ours in size and primordial chemistry, into a hellish place with surface temperatures above 800 F. Lovelock's answer is that on Earth living things made the difference. The first bacteria, for instance, consumed carbon dioxide, removing it from the atmosphere and limiting the effect of this greenhouse gas.Then around 3.7 billion years ago, early forms of blue green algae began to use sunlight to make food. But they also produced what was in their world a poisonous gas-oxygen. Whenthis eventually began to accumulate in the atmosphere, 2.5 billion years ago, it cooled the planet and killed some life forms. Other organisms learned to live with oxygen, and that set the scene for the life we now know.Today oxygen makes up 21 percent of Earth's atmosphere. Carbon dioxide comprises only 3/100ths of one percent of the air around us. On Venus, it is 98 percent. Gaia has many feedback systems. For instance, Lovelock once mentioned his measurements of plankton-produced dimethylsulfide gas in the atmosphere to University of Washington scientist Robert Charlson. Charlson had been puzzling over what unknown particles provide the nuclei on which moisture condenses, forming clouds. As a result, Lovelock, Charlson and two other colleague hypothesized another Gaian feedback mechanism. If weather warmed, plankton might emit more dimethylsulfide; the resulting sulfur particles in the air might produce more abundant droplets and reflective clouds, thereby shading the world beneath and reflecting more sunlight back into space. Earth, according to this still debated theory, would be responding to hotter conditions with action to cool the environment.In the 22 years since Lovelock propounded it, the Gaia Hypothesis has attracted an odd assortment of enthusiasts. Some industrialists like Gaia because it seems to suggest that Mother Earth could survive even vast amounts of industrial pollution. Lovelock would agree, but he would add that the survival might include replacement of humans by more pollution resistant species. Many activists in Europe’s environmentalist “Green”parties have embraced their own notions of Gaia. But Lovelock has criticized environmental politics as a “lush pasture for demagogues".Gaia was heretical to many scientists because it seemed to suggest that life on Earth consciously controlled its environment. But Lovelock believes that Mother Nature acts in accord with Darwinian evolution, with no conscious plan or intelligence. It’s just that, with 30 million species in the world, life has enormous resilience.“Whether you agree with Gaia or not, it’s a brilliant organizing principle,” says Stephen Schneider, a climatologist with the U.S. National Center for Atmospheric Research. “It brings together scientists who normall y don’t talk to one another, such as biologists, geochemists and atmospheric scientists, to ask profound questions about how living things and the planet interact."One critic of the Gaia Hypothesis, British biologist Richard Dawkins, has argued that Earth cannot be regarded as a giant living organism, because, among other things, it doesn't reproduce. Lovelock's later work has suggested an intriguing answer to this challenge.Recent research shows that Mars receives just enough sunshine to sustain life. Lovelock and a collaborator, science journalist Michael Allaby, have proposed a bold futuristic scheme: unleashing the power of Gaia to bring life to Mars. To warm the planet and get water flowing again, they suggest flooding the Martian atmosphere with chlorofluorocarbon gases that would begin a greenhouse effect. Then tough microorganisms from the dry valleys of Antarctica would be implanted. By photosynthesis the wee creatures would begin turning carbon dioxide and water into oxygen. Unimpeded by predators or competitors, they could quickly reproduce and cover the surface ofthe planet. Human colonies could follow.Earth would thus have its first offspring, seeded by spaceship.。
最新大学英语精读(预备级)第三版课后翻译(1-16课)绿色
翻译1.这个小男孩最喜欢做的事就是搭积木。
What the boy likes to do most is putting together building block.2.就先前的工作经验而言，约翰是这个职位的最佳候选人。
In terms of previous working experience john is the best choice for this position.3.我的物理老师经常使用类比来说明一些较难理解的概念。
My physics teacher often uses analogy to explain some difficult concepts.4.在家人和朋友的帮助下，汤姆经营店出版企业逐渐兴旺起来。
With the help of his family and friends ,Tom build up his publishing bussiness bit by bit.5.琳达没能进入那所著名的大学，但他打算重新开始,而不是逃避挑战。
Linda was not able to go to that famous college but she planned to start all over again rather than give up the challenge.6. 这个公司有着很好的公众形象，人们总是将他的产品与高质量和优质服务联系在一起。
This company has a good public image. People always associate its product with high quality and good service.1.孩子们很苦恼，因为他们的家长不允许他们在铁道旁玩耍。
The c hildren are pretty annoyed that their parent won’t allow them to play around the railway track.2.我打赌我只要速度快一点，肯定会比他们先到目的地。
大学英语精读第三版第二册中英文课文翻译之欧阳歌谷创编
1.The dinner party欧阳歌谷（2021.02.01）I first heard this tale in India, where is told as if true -- though any naturalist would know it couldn't be. Later someone told me that the story appeared in a magazine shortly before the First World War. That magazine story, and the person who wrote it, I have never been able to track down.The country is India. A colonial official and his wife are giving a large dinner party. They are seated with their guests -- officers and their wives, and a visiting American naturalist -- in their spacious dining room, which has a bare marble floor, open rafters and wide glass doors opening onto a veranda.A spirited discussion springs up between a young girl who says that women have outgrown the jumping-on-a-chair-at-the-sight-of-a-mouse era and a major who says that they haven't."A woman's reaction in any crisis," the major says, "is to scream. And while a man may feel like it, he has that ounce more of control than a woman has. And that last ounce is what really counts."The American does not join in the argument but watches the other guests. As he looks, he sees a strange expression come over the face of the hostess. She is staring straight ahead, her muscles contracting slightly. She motions to the native boy standing behind her chair andwhispers something to him. The boy's eyes widen: he quickly leaves the room.Of the guests, none except the American notices this or sees the boy place a bowl of milk on the veranda just outside the open doors.The American comes to with a start. In India, milk in a bowl means only one thing -- bait for a snake. He realizes there must be a cobra in the room. He looks up at the rafters -- the likeliest place -- but they are bare. Three corners of the room are empty, and in the fourth the servants are waiting to serve the next course. There is only one place left -- under the table.His first impulse is to jump back and warn the others, but he knows the commotion would frighten the cobra into striking. He speaks quickly, the tone of his voice so commanding that it silences everyone. "I want to know just what control everyone at this table has. I will count three hundred -- that's five minutes -- and not one of you is to move a muscle. Those who move will forfeit 50 rupees. Ready?"The 20 people sit like stone images while he counts. He is saying "...two hundred and eighty..." when, out of the corner of his eye, he sees the cobra emerge and make for the bowl of milk. Screams ring out as he jumps to slam the veranda doors safely shut."You were right, Major!" the host exclaims. "A man has just shown us an example of perfect self-control.""Just a minute," the American says, turning to his hostess. "Mrs.Wynnes, how did you know that cobra was in the room?"A faint smile lights up the woman's face as she replies: "Because it was crawling across my foot."UNIT 2-1一场关于男人是否比女人勇敢的激烈的讨论以一个意外的方式。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
上册Unit 1A．Can Harry Potter wave his magic wand and revive a dead language? Publishers of Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, who plan to translate the adventures of the schoolboy wizard into Latin and ancient Greek, think it might help, the Daily Telegraph newspaper reported. Author J.K. Rowling and her publishers Bloomsbury hope the translations will help children overcome the dread of studying the two ancient languages, the newspaper said. “We aren’t under and illusions that the Latin and Greek wick be best-sellers but we think that it will mean much more fun lessons for anyone studying Latin and Greek,” said Emma Matthewson, Rowling’s editor at Bloomsbury. Peter Needham, who taught Latin and Greek at top boys’ school Eton College, was translating the first of Rowling’s books, “This is going to be a wonderful thing for children. It has got very witty dialogue…” he was quotes as saying. Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone is not the first children’s book to be translated into Latin. Paddington Bear, Alice in Wonderland and Winnie the Pooh have all had the Latin treatment, the newspaper said.哈里·波特的魔杖能让已死的语言起死回生吗？《哈里·波特与魔法石》的出版商认为这有可能。
据《每日电讯报》报道，他们打算把这个魔法学生的冒险故事译成拉丁文和古希腊文。
报纸说，该书作者J.K.罗琳和她的出版商布卢姆斯伯里出版社希望译本能帮助孩子们战胜对学习这两种古代语言的恐惧。
布卢姆斯伯里出版社罗琳的编辑爱玛·马修森说：“我们不指望拉丁版和希望文版能成为畅销书，不过我们相信它们能让拉丁文和希腊文学习者学起来更有乐趣。
”顶尖男校伊顿公学的拉丁及希腊文教师彼得·尼德海姆正在翻译罗琳《哈里·波特》系列小说的第一部（即《哈里·波特与魔法石》——编者注）。
报纸援引他的话说：“它将成为孩子们的心爱之物，其中有非常诙谐机智的对白······”报纸还说，《哈里·波特与魔法石》并不是第一本被译成拉丁文的儿童书籍，《帕丁顿熊》、《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》和《维尼小熊》都有拉丁文译本。
B. It is most startling to hear a watch or clock clicking away the seconds, each click indicating the shortening of one’s life by a little bit. Likewise, with each page torn off the wall calendar, one’s life is shortened by another day. Time, therefore, is life. Nevertheless, few people treasure their time as much as their life. Time must not be wasted if you want to do your bit in your remaining years or acquire some useful knowledge to improve yourself and help others, so that your life may turn out to be significant and fruitful. All that is self-evident, yet few people really strive to make the best use of their time.最令人怵目惊心的一件事，是看着钟表上的秒针一下一下的移动，每移动一下就是表示我们的寿命已经缩短了一部分。
再看看墙上挂着的可以一张张撕下的日历，每天撕下一张就是表示我们的寿命又缩短了一天。
因为时间即生命。
没有人不爱惜他的生命，但很少人珍视他的时间。
如果想在有生之年做一点什么事，学一点什么学问，充实自己，帮助别人，使生命成为有意义，不虚度此生，那么就不可浪费光阴。
这道理人人都懂，可是很少人真能积极不懈地善于利用他的时间。
Unit 2A．Sixty years ago, Mao Zedong stood before a sea of people atop Tiananmen Gate proclaiming, in his high-pitched Hunan dialect, the founding of the People’s Republic of China and that the “Chinese people have stood up!” The moment was marked with pride and hope. The communist’s victory had vanquished the Nationalist regime, withstood the vicious onslaught of the Japanese invasion and overturned the century of foreign encroachment on China’s territory. Moreover, Mao and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) came to power without significant external support—theirs was largely a homegrown revolution.Mao brought a vision for China that has resonated from the 19th century Qing dynasty reformers to this day: to regain China’s fu qiang (wealth and power), dignity, international respect and territorial integrity. In this regard, Mao and the CCP positioned themselves squarely with a deep yearning among Chinese—thus earning their loyalty and the party’s legitimacy. His successors have not wavered from this singular vision and mission.As the People’s Republic of China commemorates its 60th anniversary, it seemingly has much to celebrate. China is the world’s most populous and industrious nation, is the world’s third largest economy and trading nation, has become a global innovator in science and technology, and is building a world-class university system.60年前，毛泽东站在天安门城楼上，面对人山人海，用高亢的湖南方言宣布，中华人民共和国成立了，“中国人民从此站起来了！”这是一个充满自豪和希望的时刻。
这个时刻宣告了中国中产党人的胜利，他们与日本侵略者进行了艰苦卓绝的斗争，推翻了国民党政权，结束了外国侵略者对中国领土长达一个世纪的占领。
此外，毛泽东和中国共产党是在没有重大外部支援的情况下夺得政权的，他们进行的基本上是一场本土革命。
毛泽东为中国带来了历代改革者（从19世纪的清朝到这一天）所期待的愿景：恢复中国的富强、尊严，重新获得国际社会的尊重和领土的完整。
在这方面，毛泽东和中国共产党直接体现了中国人民内心深处的渴望，从而赢得了他们的忠诚和党的合法性。
他的继任者们并没有动摇这一独特的理念和使命。
值此中华人民共和国成立60周年之际，似乎有许多事情值得庆祝。
中国是世界上人口最多、人民最勤劳的国家，是世界第三大经济体和贸易国，已成为全球科技创新基地，中国正在建设世界一流大学系统等。
B. Alfred Nobel, the great Swedish inventor and industrialist, was a man of many contrasts. He was the son of a bankrupt, but became a millionaire; a scientist with a love of literature, and industrialist who managed to remain an idealist. He made a fortune but lived a simple life, and although cheerful in company he was often sad in private. A lover of mankind, he never had a wife or family to love him; a patriotic son of his native land, he died alone on foreign soil.瑞典发明家、实业家艾尔弗雷德·诺贝尔（Alfred Nobel）是一个集多种对立现象与一身的人。