TPO 9 independent writing
托福机经预测9月题库独立写作
托福机经9月题库独立写作1、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement ? The advice from the grandparents is of no use to their grandchildren because the world has changed a lot over the past 50 years.2、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is often not a good thing for people to move to a new town or a new country because of the lose of old social connection.3、★★★★★The community you live in is planning on setting up new facilities, which of the following do you think would benefit the community most and why?1a shopping mall 2an art center 3a hotel4、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The best way to reduce air pollution is for the government to raise the cost of fuel (petrol).5、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People now are easier to become educated than in the past.6、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Younger school children (aged five to ten) should be required to study art and music in addition to math, language, science and history.7、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Young people today are less dependent on their parents than young people in the past.8、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Its better to relax by watching a movie or reading a book than doing physical exercises.9、★★★★★Which is more important, success in life or the ability to remain happy and optimistic when one's facing difficulty?10、★★★★★Do you think that young people should take several different kinds of job before they take a career in a long term?11、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Although science and technology will continue to improve, the most significant improvements for the quality of people’s lives have already taken place.12、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Making sure that people such as the manager or your supervisor know your strengths and accomplishments can help you succeed.13、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The most important problems in today’s world will be solved in our lifetime.14、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: People can solve important problems by themselves or with the help from their family members so there’s no need for the government to help them.15、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the statement? In order to become a financially responsible adult, people should be taught how to manage money at an early age.16、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: People who go outside are more successful and happier than people who stay in villages.17、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:In order to make ourselves happy, we should learn how to make others happy first.18、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The best way for parents to teach their children about responsibility is to have them care for animals.19、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Recently, we have so many sources of news and information, so that we cannot tell which one is the real one or who is telling the truth.20、★★★★★If you need to discuss upsetting or controversial problems with others, will you use e/mail/text messaging or use telephone/voice/messaging.21、★★★★★Some people say that students should study many lessons during a semester, but others say that it is better for students to just take three or four lessons. Which do you think is better?22、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People care more about public recognition than about money. Even if no more money is given, public recognition can still make people work harder.23、★★★★★It is better to solve the problem by your own knowledge and experience than asking others for advice.24、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is better to spend money traveling and vocation instead of saving it in the bank for future.25、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Governments should focus more on preservation of environment rather than economic development.26、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?University students should learn one more course about culture of a country rather than of their own.27、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People will spend less time in cooking or preparing food in twenty years than nowadays.28、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Past people are friendlier than they are today.29、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is easier to succeed nowadays than in the past.30、★★★★★Movies and televisions should always show audience good people being rewarded and bad people being punished.31、★★★★★Some people think to watch a movie in a cinema (theater) is better, but others think at home is better, which one do you prefer?32、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree that visiting museums is the best way to know a country.33、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?University students accomplish a project by teamwork, and the members share the same mark.34、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The renewable sources of energy, such as sun, wind and water will soon replace the fossil energy such as gas, oil and coal.35、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The renewable sources of energy, such as sun, wind and water will soon replace the fossil energy such as gas, oil and coal.36、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?At present, people spend too much time doing things for their enjoyment rather than do the things they should do.37、★★★★★The environmental issue is too complex to be handled by the individual. Do you agree or disagree?38、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People should not be allowed to use mobile phones when using public transportation.39、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Children now are not controlled by their parents but are more influenced by the media and others that outside home.40、★★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?People who do not have to work because they have enough money are barely happy.41、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is more important for a teacher to help students gain self/confidence than to teach specific knowledge.42、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is better to watch serious movies that are designed to make us think than to watch movies designed to amuse and entertain us.43、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Letting a friend make a mistake is better than saying or doing something that may destroy the friendship.44、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The extended family (grandparent, cousin, aunts, and uncles) has become less important in modern society than the past.45、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is not realistic for people to expect to work at the same company or employer all of their life.46、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?The Internet provides people with a lot of valuable information.47、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents should set strict rules to their children if they want them to succeed in the future.48、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Agriculture damages the environment by producing more food.49、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best leaders should admit their wrongs if they made a bad decision?50、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Drivers should pay a fee for driving in busy city streets when traffic is in a great amount.Parents don’t have the time to play with their children anymore. What activity should they ask the children to do during the period? 1. have fun playing games or sports 2. spend time with schoolwork.52、★★★★Do you agree ordisagree: In modern times, parents learn more from children than children learn from parents.53、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: One can learn about another person by the books and movies that person likes.54、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Teachers performance should be evaluated by students rather than by other teachers.55、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: All school teachers should be required to attend some courses every five years to update their knowledge.56、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Communication skill is the most important element in a successful leadership.57、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The competition between friends always has a negative effect on their relationship.58、★★★★Which is more important in one's career life?The working knowledge and skills or the ability to adapt to new condition?59、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: It is much easier for people to achieve success without help from family members now than in the past.To make children do well in school, parents should limit the hours their children spend on watching TV or movies.61、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The most important problems in todays world will be solved in our lifetime.62、★★★★Out of the following three things, which one would you prefer to regulate in order to improve your health? 1)The kind of food you eat 2)The amount of exercise 3)The amount of stress in your life.63、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way to increase students interest in a subject is to teach them the significance of the subject outside of school.64、★★★★Some people think university professors should spend more time doing research while others think they should spend more time educating students. What is your view?65、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: To solve the problems of the present and the future, people should review the past.66、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Printed books have greater effects on society than TV does.67、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:The most important characteristic for a political or business leader is the ability to accept the responsibility for their mistakes.68、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: The government should spend money helping more people access the Internet instead of improving public transportation.69、★★★★Do you prefer to take a low-paid but secure job or a job with a high salary but easy to lose?70、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Parents should give money to their children for their high marks at school.71、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Nowadays, people are much emphasized on appearance and fashion.72、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Young people enjoy life much better than older people?73、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the statement:Nowadays it is not important for people to haveregularly family meals together.74、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Playing sports teaches people lessons about life.75、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Technology has made children less creative than children were in the past.76、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Telephone has had greater effects on people's lives than TV.77、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: People should live in a city or a country all their lives instead of moving to another place.78、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: In order to achieve success, we must be more similar to others than be different from others.79、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Children should only play sports for fun, not in competitions or contests.80、★★★★Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Students are more influenced by teachers than by their friends.外朗教育免费直播课：/html/tuofukecheng/zhiboke/。
托福TPO9真题全阅读文本附答案译文
Colonizing the Americas via the Northwest Coast (TPO9-1)It has long been accepted that the Americas were colonized by a migration of peoples from Asia, slowly traveling across a land bridge called Beringia (now the Bering Strait between northeastern Asia and Alaska) during the last Ice Age. The first water craft theory about the migration was that around11,000-12,000 years ago there was an ice-free corridor stretching from eastern Beringia to the areas of North America south of the great northern glaciers. It was the midcontinental corridor between two massive icesheets-the Laurentide to the west-that enabled the southward migration. But belief in this ice-free corridor began to crumble when paleoecologist Glen MacDonald demonstrated that some of the most important radiocarbon dates used to support the existence of an ice-free corridor were incorrect. He persuasively argued that such an ice-free corridor did not exist until much later, when the continental ice began its final retreat.Support is growing for the alternative theory that people using watercraft, possibly skin boats, moved southward from Beringia along the Gulf of Alaska and then southward along the Northwest Coast of North America possibly as early as 16,000 years ago. This route would have enabled humans to enter southern areas of the Americans prior to the melting of the continental glaciers. Until the early 1970s, most archaeologists did not consider the coast a possible migration route into the Americans because geologists originally believed that during the last Ice Age the entire Northwest Coast was coveredby glacial ice. It had been assumed that the ice extended westward from the Alaskan/Canadian mountains to the very edge of the continental shelf, the flat, submerged part of the continent that extend into the ocean. This would have created a barrier of ice extending from the Alaska Peninsula, through the Gulf of Alaska and southward along the Northwest Coast of North America to what is today the state of Washington.The most influential proponent of the coastal migration route has been Canadian archaeologist Knut Fladmark. He theorized that with the use of watercraft, people gradually colonized unglaciated refuges and areas along the continental shelf exposed by the lower sea level. Fladmark's hypothesis received additional support from the fact that the greatest diversity in Native American languages occurs along the west coast of the Americans, suggesting that this region has been settled the longest.More recent geologic studies documented deglaciation and the existence of ice-free areas throughout major coastal areas of British Columbia, Canada, by 13,000 years ago. Research now indicates that sizable areas of southeastern Alaska along the inner continental shelf were not covered by ice toward the end of the last Ice Age. One study suggests that except for a 250-mile coastal area between southwestern British Columbia and Washington State, the Northwest Coast of North America was largely free of ice by approximately 16,000 years ago. Vast areas along the coast may have been deglaciated beginning around 16,000 years ago, possibly providing a coastal corridor for the movement of plants, animals, and humans sometime between 13,000 and 14,000 years ago.The coastal hypothesis has gained increasing support in recent years because the remains of large land animals, such as caribou and brown bears, have been found in southeastern Alaska dating between 10,000 and 12,500 years ago. This is the time period in which most scientists formerly believed the area to be inhospitable for humans. It has been suggested that if the environment were capable of supporting breeding populations of bears, there would have been enough food resources to support humans. Fladmark and others believe that the first human colonization of America occurred by boat along the Northwest Coast during the very late Ice Age, possibly as early as 14,000 years ago. The most recent geologic evidence indicates that it may have been possible for people to colonize ice-free regions along the continental shelf that were still exposed by the lower sea level between 13,000 and 14,000 ago. The coastal hypothesis suggests an economy based on marine mammal hunting, saltwater fishing gathering, and the use of watercraft. Because of the barrier of ice to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and populated areas to the north, there may have been a greater impetus for people to move in a southerly direction.Paragraph 1: It has long been accepted that the Americas were colonized by a migration of peoples from Asia, slowly traveling across a land bridge called Beringia (now the Bering Strait between northeastern Asia and Alaska) during the last Ice Age. The first water craft theory about the migration was thataround 11,000-12,000 years ago there was an ice-free corridor stretching from eastern Beringia to the areas of North America south of the great northern glaciers. It was the midcontinental corridor between two massive icesheets-the Laurentide to the west-that enabled the southward migration. But belief in this ice-free corridor began to crumble when paleoecologist Glen MacDonald demonstrated that some of the most important radiocarbon dates used to support the existence of an ice-free corridor were incorrect. He persuasively argued that such an ice-free corridor did not exist until much later, when the continental ice began its final retreat.1. According to paragraph 1, the theory that people first migrated to the Americans by way of an ice-free corridor was seriously called into question by paleoecologist Glen MacDonald's argument that the original migration occurred much later than had previously been believedthe demonstration that certain previously accepted radiocarbon dates were incorrectevidence that the continental ice began its final retreat much later than had previously been believedresearch showing that the ice-free corridor was not as long lasting as had been widely assumed2. The word persuasively in the passage is closest in meaning to aggressivelyinflexiblyconvincinglycarefullyParagraph 2: Support is growing for the alternative theory that people using watercraft, possibly skin boats, moved southward from Beringia along the Gulf of Alaska and then southward along the Northwest Coast of North America possibly as early as 16,000 years ago. This route would have enabled humans to enter southern areas of the Americans prior to the melting of the continental glaciers. Until the early 1970s, most archaeologists did not consider the coast a possible migration route into the Americans because geologists originally believed that during the last Ice Age the entire Northwest Coast was coveredby glacial ice. It had been assumed that the ice extended westward from the Alaskan/Canadian mountains to the very edge of the continental shelf, the flat, submerged part of the continent that extend into the ocean. This would have created a barrier of ice extending from the Alaska Peninsula, through the Gulf of Alaska and southward along the Northwest Coast of North America to what is today the state of Washington.3. Paragraph 2 begins by presenting a theory and then goes on todiscuss why the theory was rapidly accepted but then rejectedpresent the evidence on which the theory was basedcite evidence that now shows that the theory is incorrectexplain why the theory was not initially considered plausible4. The phrase prior to is closest in meaning tobeforeimmediately afterduringin spite of5. Paragraph 2 supports the idea that, before the 1970s, the most archaeologists held which of the following views about the earliest people to reach the Americas?They could not have sailed directly from Beringia to Alaska and then southward because, it was thought, glacial ice covered the entire coastal region.They were not aware that the climate would continue to become milderThey would have had no interest in migrating southward from Beringia until after the continental glaciers had begun to meltThey lacked the navigational skills and appropriate boats neededlong-distance trips.Paragraph 3: The most influential proponent of the coastal migration route has been Canadian archaeologist Knut Fladmark. He theorized that with the use of watercraft, people gradually colonized unglaciated refuges and areas alongthe continental shelf exposed by the lower sea level. Fladmark's hypothesis received additional support from the fact that the greatest diversity in Native American languages occurs along the west coast of the Americans, suggesting that this region has been settled the longest.6. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways to leave out essential information.Because this region has been settled the longest, it also displays the greatest diversity in Native American languages.Fladmark's hypothesis states that the west coast of the Americas has been settled longer than any other region.The fact that the greatest diversity of Native American languages occurs along the west coast of the Americans lends strength to Fradmark's hypothesis According to Fladmark, Native American languages have survived the longest along the west coast of the Americas.Paragraph 4: More recent geologic studies documented deglaciation and the existence of ice-free areas throughout major coastal areas of British Columbia,Canada, by 13,000 years ago. Research now indicates that sizable areas of southeastern Alaska along the inner continental shelf were not covered by ice toward the end of the last Ice Age. One study suggests that except for a250-mile coastal area between southwestern British Columbia and Washington State, the Northwest Coast of North America was largely free of ice by approximately 16,000 years ago. Vast areas along the coast may have been deglaciated beginning around 16,000 years ago, possibly providing a coastal corridor for the movement of plants, animals, and humans sometime between 13,000 and 14,000 years ago.7. The author's purpose in paragraph 4 is toindicate that a number of recent geologic studies seem to provide support for the coastal hypothesisindicate that coastal and inland migrations may have happened simultaneously explain why humans may have reached America's northwest coast before animals and plants didshow that the coastal hypothesis may explain how people first reached Alaska but it cannot explain how people reached areas like modern British Columbia and Washington State8. The word Vast in the passage is closest in meaning toFrozenVariousIsolatedHugeParagraph 5: The coastal hypothesis has gained increasing support in recent years because the remains of large land animals, such as caribou and brown bears, have been found in southeastern Alaska dating between 10,000 and 12,500 years ago. This is the time period in which most scientists formerly believed the area to be inhospitable for humans. It has been suggested that if the environment were capable of supporting breeding populations of bears, there would have been enough food resources to support humans. Fladmark and others believe that the first human colonization of America occurred by boat along the Northwest Coast during the very late Ice Age, possibly as early as 14,000 years ago.9. According to paragraph 5, the discovery of the remains of large land animals supports the coastal hypothesis by providing evidence thathumans were changing their hunting techniques to adapt to coastal rather than inland environmentsanimals had migrated from the inland to the coasts, an indication that a midcontinental ice-free corridor was actually implausiblehumans probably would have been able to find enough resources along thecoastal corridorthe continental shelf was still exposed by lower sea levels during the period when the southward migration of people began10. The word inhospitable in the passage is closest in meaning tonot familiarnot suitablenot dangerousnot reachable11. According to paragraph 5, the most recent geologic research provides support for a first colonization of America dating as far back as16,000 years ago14,000 years ago12,500 years ago10,000 years agoParagraph 6: The coastal hypothesis suggests an economy based on marine mammal hunting, saltwater fishing gathering, and the use of watercraft. Because of the barrier of ice to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and populated areas to the north, there may have been a greater impetus for people to move in a southerly direction.12. The word impetus in the passage is closest in meaning tochanceprotectionpossibilityincentiveParagraph 1: It has long been accepted that the Americas were colonized by a migration of peoples from Asia, slowly traveling across a land bridge called Beringia (now the Bering Strait between northeastern Asia and Alaska) during the last Ice Age. ■The first water craft theory about the migration was that around 11,000-12,000 years ago there was an ice-free corridor stretching from eastern Beringia to the areas of North America south of the great northern glaciers. It was the midcontinental corridor between two massive icesheets-the Laurentide to the west-that enabled the southward migration. ■But belief in this ice-free corridor began to crumble when paleoecologist Glen MacDonald demonstrated that some of the most important radiocarbon dates used to support the existence of an ice-free corridor were incorrect. ■He persuasively argued that such an ice-free corridor did not exist until much later, when the continental ice began its final retreat. ■13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentencecould be added to the passage.Moreover, other evidence suggests that even if an ice-free corridor did exist, it would have lacked the resources needed for human colonization. Where could the sentence best fit?14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Recent evidence favors a rival to the long-standing theory that the Americas were colonized 11,000-12,000 years ago by people migrating south from Beringia along a midcontinental ice-free corridor●●●Answer ChoicesO Evidence that an ice-free corridor between two ice sheets developedwhen the continental ice first began to melt came primarily fromradiocarbon dating.O There is growing support for the theory that migration took place much earlier, by sea, following a coastal route along Alaska and down thenorthwest coast.O Recent geologic evidence indicates that contrary to what had beenbelieved, substantial areas along the coast were free of ice as early as16,000 years ago.O Research now indicates that the parts of the inner continental shelfthat remained covered with ice were colonized by a variety of earlyhuman groups well adapted to living in extremely cold environments.O There is evidence suggesting that areas along the coast may havecontained enough food resources between 13,000 and 14,000 years ago to have made human colonization possible.O Even though the northern part of the continent allowed for a morevaried economy, several early human groups quickly moved south.托托网托福模拟考试软件2.0配套资料托福TPO9真题全阅读文本附答案译文下载地址参考答案：1. 22. 33. 44. 15. 16. 37. 18.49. 310. 211. 212. 413. 414. 2 3 5托托网托福模拟考试软件2.0配套资料托福TPO9真题全阅读文本附答案译文下载地址参考译文从西海岸殖民美洲这种观念被人们接受很长时间了：美洲被一群来自亚洲的移民殖民统治着，他们在上一个冰河时代缓慢的跨越了一个叫做白令的大陆桥（现在白令海峡位于东北亚和阿拉斯加之间）。
新托福TPO9阅读原文译文
新托福TPO9阅读原文(一):Colonizing the Americas via the Northwest Coast TPO-9-1：Colonizing the Americas via the Northwest CoastIt has long been accepted that the Americas were colonized by a migration of peoples from Asia, slowly traveling across a land bridge called Beringia (now the Bering Strait between northeastern Asia and Alaska) during the last Ice Age. The first water craft theory about this migration was that around 11,000-12,000 years ago there was an ice-free corridor stretching from eastern Beringia to the areas of North America south of the great northern glaciers. It was this midcontinental corridor between two massive ice sheets–the Laurentide to the east and the Cordilleran to the west–that enabled the southward migration. But belief in this ice-free corridor began to crumble when paleoecologist Glen MacDonald demonstrated that some of the most important radiocarbon dates used to support the existence of an ice-free corridor were incorrect. He persuasively argued that such an ice-free corridor did not exist until much later, when the continental ice began its final retreat.Support is growing for the alternative theory that people using watercraft, possibly skin boats, moved southward from Beringia along the Gulf of Alaska and then southward along the Northwest coast of North America possibly as early as 16,000 years ago. This route would have enabled humans to enter southern areas of the Americas prior to the melting of the continental glaciers. Until the early 1970s,most archaeologists did not consider the coast a possible migration route into the Americas because geologists originally believed that during the last Ice Age the entire Northwest Coast was covered by glacial ice. It had been assumed that the ice extended westward from the Alaskan/Canadian mountains to the very edge of the continental shelf, the flat, submerged part of the continent that extends into the ocean. This would have created a barrier of ice extending from the Alaska Peninsula, through the Gulf of Alaska and southward along the Northwest Coast of north America to what is today the state of Washington.The most influential proponent of the coastal migration route has been Canadian archaeologist Knut Fladmark. He theorized that with the use of watercraft, people gradually colonized unglaciated refuges and areas along the continental shelf exposed by the lower sea level. Fladmark’s hypothesis rece ived additional support form from the fact that the greatest diversity in native American languages occurs along the west coast of the Americas, suggesting that this region has been settled the longest.More recent geologic studies documented deglaciation and the existence of ice-free areas throughout major coastal areas of British Columbia, Canada, by 13,000 years ago. Research now indicates that sizable areas of southeastern Alaska along the inner continental shelf were not covered by ice toward the end of the last Ice Age. One study suggests that except for a 250-mile coastal area between southwestern British Columbia and Washington State, the Northwest Coast of North America was largely free of ice by approximately 16,000 years ago. Vast areas along the coast may have been deglaciated beginning around 16,000 years ago, possibly providing a coastal corridor for the movement of plants, animals, and humans sometime between 13,000 and 14,000 years ago.The coastal hypothesis has gained increasing support in recent years because the remains of large land animals, such as caribou and brown bears, have been found in southeastern Alaska dating between 10,000 and 12,500 years ago. This is the time period in which most scientists formerly believed the area to be inhospitable for humans. It has been suggested that if the environment were capable of supporting breeding populations of bears, there would have been enough food resources to support humans. Fladmark and other believe that the first human colonization of America occurred by boat along the Northwest Coast during the very late Ice Age, possibly as early as 14,000 years ago. The most recent geologic evidence indicates that it may have been possible for people to colonize ice-free regions along the continental shelf that were still exposed by the lower sea level between13,000 and 14,000 years ago.The coastal hypothesis suggests an economy based on marine mammal hunting, saltwater fishing, shellfish gathering, and the use of watercraft. Because of the barrier of ice to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and populated areas to the north, there may have been a greater impetus for people to move in a southerly direction.译文TPO-9-1：美国西北海岸的移民这种观念被人们接受很长时间了：美洲被一群来自亚洲的移民殖民统治着，他们在上一个冰河时代缓慢地跨越了一个叫做白令的大陆桥(现在白令海峡位于东北亚和阿拉斯加之间)。
TOEFL-WRITING-托福写作
• e.g. Where there is a will ,there is a way.
• 有压迫的地方就有反抗。 • Where there is oppression ,there is rebellion. • 有女人的地方就有商机。 • Where there are women ,there are business opportunities. • 有政府的地方就有贪污。 • Where there is a government ,there is corruption.
• Introduction:
•
TOEFL iBT:The Test of English as a Foreign Language Internet Based Test.
•
ETS: Educational Testing Service 美国考试服务中心
• 托福作为语言考试的本质：
• 测试考生对英语的综合应用能力——包括听、说、读、写的独立能力和综合能力 • （每个部分满分30分，总分120分）；
•
increase : n. / decrease
•
定从
•
in the last decade(s)
•
significant / gradual / slight
•
number / amount (修饰不可数n）
• Try :在过去的二十年中，花在食物上的钱逐渐减少了。
• In the last two decades ,there has been a gradual decrease • in the amount of money that is spent on food.
• 2.段落格式使用缩进式或者齐头式
TPO独立写作题目大全
1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement At universities and colleges, sports and social activities are just as important as classes and libraries and should receive equal financial support.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship between people.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 3. Do you agree or disagree with the following statementIt is more important to keep your old friends than it is to make new friends.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 4. Do you agree or disagree with the following statementIn twenty years there will be fewer cars in use than there are today.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 5. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement People today spend too much time on personal enjoyment-doing things they like to do-rather than doing things they should do.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.6. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Life today is easier and more comfortable than it was when your grandparents were children.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 7. Do you agree or disagree with the following statementIt is more important for students to understand ideas and concepts than it is for them to learn facts.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 8.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Television advertising directed towards young children aged two to five should not be allowed.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 9. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Technology has made children less creative than they were in the past.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 10. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Playing computer games is a waste of time. Children should not be allowed to play them.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 11. Some people say that the Internet provides people with a lot of valuable information. Others think access to muchinformation creates problems. Which view do you agree with Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.12. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement It is better to have broad knowledge of many academic subjects than to specialize in one specific subject.13. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement The extended family grandparents, cousins, aunts, and uncles is less important now than it was in the past.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 14. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement People benefit more from traveling in their own country than from traveling to foreign countries.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 15. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement In order to become financially responsible adults, children should learn to manage their own money at young age.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 16.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement The best way to travel is in a group led by a tour guide. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 17. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Most advertisements make products seem much better than they really are.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 18. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Students are more influenced by their teachers than by their friends.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 19. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement In order to be well-informed, a person must get information from many different news resources.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 20. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Successful people try new things and take risks rather than only doing what they know how to do well.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 21. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement For success in a future job, the ability to relate well to people is more important than studying hard in school. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 22. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement Teachers should not make their social or political views known to students in the classroom.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 23. Do you agree or disagree with the following statementIn today’s world, it is more important to wor k quickly and risk making mistakes than to work slowly and make sure that everything is correct.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 24. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement One of the best ways that parents can help their teenage children prepare for adult life is to encourage them to take a part-time job.Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.。
托福考试九月听力机经汇总
托福考试九月听力机经汇总中国---北美●中国大陆●9月12日托福听力机经1.第一篇:有一个男生来找女教授，说他突然对历史感兴趣了，虽然原来学习政治也很好玩。
说大学的历史很有趣是因为它不光讲那些FACT，BUT BEYOND THE BOOK，有时候会说很多关于COMMON PEOPLE BUT NOT ONLY LEADER。
这就会让人想想为什么这些事情会发生（有题）于是这个男生就说最担心（有题）是不是双学位要写两篇毕业论文。
这个老师就说，其实可以写一篇涵盖两边学科内容的文章就可以了，但是要写的更好，更有内涵更复杂（有题），但是从以前这个男生交给教授的文章来看，他完全有能力来写这样一篇文章（有题）。
后面还讲了一点，不太记得了2.第二篇:fabric enzymes。
一开始介绍什么是enzymes，就说以人来说，有很多的enzymes比如消化系统里。
后面讲很多人穿着FADED JEANS, 就开始介绍这种jeans是怎么造的。
一开始是用一种石头，丢到一起去洗，但是洗完以后会：1.destory washingmachine 和一些不想FADE的部分2是WASTE WATER3. 是什么忘了后面发明了ACID 洗法，这种的坏处： 1. 对工人有害2. polution,导致工厂被罚（有题）3. waste water。
后面e nzymes被用来洗牛仔裤，讲了几点好处（有题）3.第三篇:marine forest，写了为什么重要，还有达尔文的定理，还有为什么被人类活动威胁4.（加试）浪漫主义5.丢失ID卡学生要参加什么比赛，要找Gym进行训练（这里面一个关键单词我不认识！T打头的。
），教授提供给她一些信息到哪个gym能得到什么样的练习，比如run的，bike的。
注意听教授说的三个不同的地方都有哪些设施和服务之类的，后面有题。
2. 第二篇Archeology关于考古学家使用的三种考古探测技术，不用破坏现场，便于挖掘:一种是电的，一种是磁的，一种是xxx. 每一种，老师都会问学生，他们用这个发现了什么？（一种E分别石头根土壤，一种找金属，还一中跟E功能一样，但是用热源找。
托福TPO9阅读真题（文本+答案+翻译）：Part3
托福TPO9阅读真题(文本+答案+翻译)：Part3托福TPO作为托福的模考工具，它的题目对于我们备考托福很有参考价值，为了帮助大家备考，下面小编给大家整理了托福TPO9阅读真题(文本+答案+翻译)：Part3，望喜欢！托福TPO9阅读文本：Part3The Arrival of Plant Life in HawaiiWhen the Hawaiian Islands emerged from the sea as volcanoes, starting about five million years ago, they were far removed from other landmasses. Then, as blazing sunshine alternated with drenching rains, the harsh, barren surfaces of the black rocks slowly began to soften. Winds brought a variety of life-forms.Spores light enough to float on the breezes were carried thousands of miles from more ancient lands and deposited at random across the bare mountain flanks. A few of these spores found a toehold on the dark, forbidding rocks and grew and began to work their transformation upon the land. Lichens were probably the first successful flora. These are not single individual plants; each one is a symbiotic combination of an alga and a fungus. The algae capture the sun's energy by photosynthesis and store it in organic molecules. The fungi absorb moisture and mineral salts from the rocks, passing these on in waste products that nourish algae. It is significant that the earliest living things that built communities on these islands are examples of symbiosis, a phenomenon that depends upon the close cooperation of two or more forms of life and a principle that is very important in island communities.Lichens helped to speed the decomposition of the hard rock surfaces, preparing a soft bed of soil that was abundantlysupplied with minerals that had been carried in the molten rock from the bowels of Earth. Now, other forms of life could take hold: ferns and mosses (two of the most ancient types of land plants) that flourish even in rock crevices. These plants propagate by producing spores-tiny fertilized cells that contain all the instructions for making a new plant-but the spore are unprotected by any outer coating and carry no supply of nutrient. Vast numbers of them fall on the ground beneath the mother plants. Sometimes they are carried farther afield by water or by wind. But only those few spores that settle down in very favorable locations can start new life; the vast majority fall on barren ground. By force of sheer numbers, however, the mosses and ferns reached Hawaii, survived, and multiplied. Some species developed great size, becoming tree ferns that even now grow in the Hawaiian forests.Many millions of years after ferns evolved (but long before the Hawaiian Islands were born from the sea), another kind of flora evolved on Earth: the seed-bearing plants. This was a wonderful biological invention. The seed has an outer coating that surrounds the genetic material of the new plant, and inside this covering is a concentrated supply of nutrients. Thus the seed's chances of survival are greatly enhanced over those of the naked spore. One type of seed-bearing plant, the angiosperm, includes all forms of blooming vegetation. In the angiosperm the seeds are wrapped in an additional layer of covering. Some of these coats are hard-like the shell of a nut-for extra protection. Some are soft and tempting, like a peach or a cherry. In some angiosperms the seeds are equipped with gossamer wings, like the dandelion and milkweed seeds. These new characteristics offered better ways for the seed to move to new habitats. Theycould travel through the air, float in water, and lie dormant for many months.Plants with large, buoyant seeds-like coconuts-drift on ocean currents and are washed up on the shores. Remarkably resistant to the vicissitudes of ocean travel, they can survive prolonged immersion in saltwater when they come to rest on warm beaches and the conditions are favorable, the seed coats soften. Nourished by their imported supply of nutrients, the young plants push out their roots and establish their place in the sun.By means of these seeds, plants spread more widely to new locations, even to isolated islands like the Hawaiian archipelago, which lies more than 2,000 miles west of California and 3,500 miles east of Japan. The seeds of grasses, flowers, and blooming trees made the long trips to these islands. (Grasses are simple forms of angiosperms that bear their encapsulated seeds on long stalks.) In a surprisingly short time, angiosperms filled many of the land areas on Hawaii that had been bare.Paragraph 2: Spores light enough to float on the breezes were carried thousands of miles from more ancient lands and deposited at random across the bare mountain flanks. A few of these spores found a toehold on the dark, forbidding rocks and grew and began to work their transformation upon the land. Lichens were probably the first successful flora. These are not single individual plants; each one is a symbiotic combination of an alga and a fungus. The algae capture the sun's energy by photosynthesis and store it in organic molecules. The fungi absorb moisture and mineral salts from the rocks, passing these on in waste products that nourish algae.It is significant that the earliest living thing that built communities on these islands are examples of symbiosis, a phenomenon that depends upon theclose cooperation of two or more forms of life and a principle that is very important in island communities.托福TPO9阅读题目：Part31. The phrase "at random" in the passage is closest in meaning to○finally○over a long period of time○successfully○without a definite pattern2. It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the fungi in lichens benefit from their symbiotic relationship with algae in what way?○The algae help the fungi meet some of their energy needs.○The algae protect the fungi from the Sun's radiation.○The algae provide the fungi with greater space for absorbing water.○The fungi produce less waste in the presence of algae.3. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.○Some of the earliest important examples of symbiosis-the close cooperation of two or more living things-occur in island communities.○Symbiosis-the close cooperation of pairs or small groups of living organisms-is especially important in these island environments.○The first organisms on these islands worked toget her closely in a relationship known as symbiosis, which is particularly important on islands.○It is significant to note that organisms in the beginningstages of the development of island life cannot survive without close cooperation.Paragraph 3: Lichens helped to speed the decomposition of the hard rock surfaces, preparing a soft bed of soil that was abundantly supplied with minerals that had been carried in the molten rock from the bowels of Earth. Now, other forms of life could take hold: ferns and mosses (two of the most ancient types of land plants) that flourish even in rock crevices. These plantspropagate by producing spores-tiny fertilized cells that contain all the instructions for making a new plant-but the spore are unprotected by any outer coating and carry no supply of nutrient. Vast numbers of them fall on the ground beneath the mother plants. Sometimes they are carried farther afield by water or by wind. But only those few spores that settle down in very favorable locations can start new life; the vast majority fall on barren ground. By force of sheer numbers, however, the mosses and ferns reached Hawaii, survived, and multiplied. Some species developed great size, becoming tree ferns that even now grow in the Hawaiian forests.4. The word "abundantly" in the passage is closest in meaning to○ occasionally○ plentifully○ usefully○ fortunately5. The word "propagate" in the passage is closest in meaning to○ multiply○ emerge○ live○ evolve6. According to paragraph 3, what was the relationship between lichens and ferns in the development of plant life on Hawaii?○Ferns were able to grow because lichens created suitable soil.○The decomposition of ferns produced minerals that were used by lichens.○Lichens and ferns competed to grow in the sam e rocky environments.○Lichens and ferns were typically found together in volcanic areas.Paragraph 4: Many millions of years after ferns evolved (but long before the Hawaiian Islands were born from the sea), another kind of flora evolved on Earth: the seed-bearing plants. Thiswas a wonderful biological invention. The seed has an outer coating that surrounds the genetic material of the new plant, and inside this covering is a concentrated supply of nutrients. Thus the seed's chances of survival are greatly enhanced over those of the naked spore. One type of seed-bearing plant, the angiosperm, includes all forms of blooming vegetation. In the angiosperm the seeds are wrapped in an additional layer of covering. Some of these coats are hard-like the shell of a nut-for extra protection. Some are soft and tempting, like a peach or a cherry. In some angiosperms the seeds are equipped with gossamer wings, like the dandelion and milkweed seeds. These new characteristics offered better ways for the seed to move to new habitats. They could travel through the air, float in water, and lie dormant for many months.7. The word "This" in the passage refers to○the spread of ferns and mosses in Hawaii○the creation of the Hawaiian Islands○the evolution of ferns○the development of plants that produce seeds8. According to paragraph 4, why do seeds have a greater chance of survival than spores do? To receive credit, you must select TWO answer choices.○Seeds need less water to grow into a mature plant than spores do.○Seeds do not need to rely on outside sources of nutrients.○Seeds are better protected from environmental dangers than spores are.○Seeds are heavier than spores and are therefore more likely to take root and grow.9. Why does the author mention "a nut", "a peach", and "a cherry"?○To indicate that some seeds are less likely to survive than others○To point out that many angiosperms can be eaten○To provide examples of blooming plants○To illustrate the variety of coverings among angiosperm seeds10. The word "dormant" in the passage is closest in meaning to○hidden○inactive○underground○preservedParagraph5: Plants with large, buoyant seeds-like coconuts-drift on ocean currents and are washed up on the shores.Remarkably resistant to the vicissitudes of ocean travel, they can survive prolonged immersion in saltwater when they come to rest on warm beaches and the conditions are favorable, the seed coats soften. Nourished by their imported supply of nutrients, the young plants push out their roots and establish their place in the sun.11. According to paragraph 5, a major reason that coconuts can establish themselves in distant locations is that their seeds can○survive long exposure to heat on island beaches○float and survive for long periods in ocean water○use saltwater for maintenance and growth○maintain hard, protective coats even after growing roots12. According to the passage, which of the following characteristics do spores and seeds have in common?○They may be surrounded by several layers of covering.○They are produced by flowering plants.○They may be spread by wind.○They are able to grow in barren soils.Paragraph 3: Lichens helped to speed the decomposition of the hard rock surfaces, preparing a soft bed of soil that was abundantly supplied with minerals that had been carried in the molten rock from the bowels of Earth. Now, other forms of life could take hold: ferns and mosses (two of the most ancient types of land plants) that flourish even in rock crevices. ■These plants propagate by producing spores-tiny fertilized cells that contain all the instructions for making a new plant-but the spore are unprotected by any outer coating and carry no supply of nutrient. ■Vast numbers of them fall on the ground beneath the mother plants. ■Sometimes they are carried farther afield by water or bywind. ■But only those few spores that settle down in very favorable locations can start new life; the vast majority fall on barren ground. By force of sheer numbers, however, the mosses and ferns reached Hawaii, survived, and multiplied. Some species developed great size, becoming tree ferns that even now grow in the Hawaiian forests.13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.So since the chances of survival for any individual spore are small, the plants have to produce many spores in order to propagate.Where could the sentence best fit?14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some answer choices do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.After the formation of the Hawaiian Islands, much time passed before conditions were suitable for plant life.●●●Answers Choices○Algae are classified as symbiotic because they produce energy through the process of photosynthesis.○The first successful plants on Hawaii were probably lichens, which consist of algae and fungi living in a symbiotic relationship.○Lichens helped create favorable conditions for the growthof spore-producing plants such as ferns and mosses.○Seed-bearing plants evolved much later than spore-producing plants, but both types of plants had evolved well before the formation of the Hawaiian Islands.○Unlike spores, seeds must move to new habitats in order to have a strong chance of survival and growth.○Seed-bearing plants arrived and spread quickly in Hawaii, thanks to characteristics that increased their seeds' ability to survive and to move to different areas托福TPO9阅读答案：Part3参考答案：1. ○42. ○13. ○34. ○25. ○16. ○17. ○48. ○2, 39. ○410. ○211. ○212. ○313. ○214. The first successful plants…Lichens helped create favorable…Seed-bearing plants arrived…托福TPO9阅读翻译：Part3参考翻译：夏威夷植物的到来大约500万年以前，当夏威夷群岛作为火山从海洋中出现的时候，它们与其他大陆相距甚远。
托福TPO9综合写作题目及
托福TPO9综合写作题目及托福TPO9综合写作题目及范文汽车制造商和政府都在积极地寻找内燃机的代替品，托福TPO9综合写作题目材料就氢燃料电池发动机替代内燃机的可行性进行了讨论。
下面是店铺整理的托福TPO9综合写作范文，希望能帮到大家! 托福TPO9综合写作高分范文The lecturer points out several problems with the use of hydrogen-based fuel-cell engines in support of her claim that substituting them for internal-combustion engines is technologically unfeasible, environmentally unfriendly, and economically unviable.First, the lecturer states that it is impractical to replace internal-combustion engines with fuel-cell engines because using the latter requires hydrogen in a pure liquid form, which is technologically challenging to both obtain and store. However, the reading argues that because hydrogen can be extracted from many resources including water, fuel cell engines powered by this infinite source of energy are an extremely attractive alternative.Second, the lecturer refutes the claim in the reading that hydrogen cells are environmentally friendly. She argues that although engines that use hydrogen cells produce less pollution, the manufacturing of hydrogen cells generates large amounts of harmful by-products due to the burning of fossil fuels in the purification process.Third, although the reading suggests that hydrogen-based engines are more fuel-efficient and thus economically competitive than internal-combustion engines, the professor argues that such an advantage is undermined by the fact that fuel-cell engines are extremely expensive to manufacturebecause they require the addition of platinum, a very rare and expensive material.托福TPO9综合写作阅读材料：Car manufacturers and governments have been eagerly seeking a replacement for the automobile’s main source of power, the internal-combustion engine. By far, the most promising alternative source of energy for cars is the hydrogen-based fuel-cell engine, which uses hydrogen to create electricity that, in turn, powers the car. Fuel-cell engines have several advantages over internal-combustion engines and will probably soon replace them.汽车制造商和政府都在积极地寻找内燃机的代替品，而目前内燃机是汽车主要的动力源。
托福TPO9综合写作阅读原文+听力原文+满分范文
Third, fuel-cell engines will soon be economically competitive because people will spend less money to operate a fuel-cell engine than they will to operate an internal-combustion engine. This is true for one simple reason: a fuel-cell automobile is nearly twice as efficient in using its fuel as an automobile powered by an internal-combustion engine is. In other words, the fuel-cell powered car requires only half the fuel energy that the internal-combustion powered car does to go the same distance.
托福9月24日独立写作和独立口语机经
Do you agree or disagree with the statement? Should schools require young children (5 to 11 years old) to learn from each other in group discussions?Yes 1.2. Cultivate theDo you agree or disagree with the following statement？Social media is a good way to express personal views.Some people like to travel by themselves, while others prefer to be led by a tour guide. Which do you prefer？Do you agree or disagree with the statement? It is difficult for teachers to be both popular (students like them) and effective in helping students to learn?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Athletes and entertainers should not get involved in politics.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement？People should not spend a lot of time on communicating by technologies, such as through social media or with text messages.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement？People now are more interested in improving the neighborhood than in the past.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement？Governments have done enough to educate people the importance of a balanced lifestyle and healthy eating.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Schools should use computers as a tool of education for children aged 4 to 7.Some people are more content with the life in the big city, while others think that they will be more satisfied to live in the village small towns instead. Which do you prefer?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement？All teachers should be required to take courses to upgrade their knowledge every five years.缺一不可Who is better for group work? A person that does what the group wants him to do, or a person that holds strong opinions different from what the group wants. /How to succeed? Some people believe it is important to hold on to their views. Others believe we should embrace new ideas.Some people believe that taking field trips (e.g. going to the museum) is an important part of children’s education. Others believe that it is better for children to study at school.变量型Do you agree or disagree with the following statement？It is better to relax by watching a movie or reading a book than relax by doing physical exercise.含绝对词Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? The best way to improve the quality of education in a country is to increase teachers’salaries.三选一Your community has a piece of land and is considering introducing a business to this land. Which business would you prefer?1. A shopping mall2. A performing art center3. A hotel.Some people think at the start of a new year, it’s important to set a goal of improving a specific aspect of life. They call it a new-year resolution. Which of the following new-year resolution would you choose?1. Help others in your community2. Improve your health by exercising more and eat nutritious food3. Manage your time betterA high school is thinking about making one of the following classes a required class for high school students. Which option will you recommend high school students to take at school and why?1. Personal finance management2. Cooking class3. Auto repairDuring economic crisis, the government tries to reduce money in certain public service areas. Which one do you think the government should spend less money into?1. Education2. Health Care3. Support for Unemployed口语二选一You are admitted to two universities at the same time. One is prestigious but has a high tuition and the other is not but gives you a scholarship. Which would you go to and why?I will choose the second one. As an international student, tuition is an very important aspect which must be considered when I am choosing my suitable university. If I go to the first one, may be my parents will have a heavy financial burden in their lives. They have paid too much for raising me up.In additional, I can finish my undergraduate course in the worse one comparatively, and I can continue finishing my PHD or Master degree in a better school. This way will cost less money and receive the best education at the same time.When you’re going on a vacation with your friend, would you go on an expensive trip to a place that you’ve never visited before or a cheaper trip to a place that you’ve been to before? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.I will choose the first option.Although maybe more money will be paid to have a travel to that place, I can enjoying the beautiful scenery or experiencing the local culture, which can broaden my horizon and fulfill my inner world. Traveling to a place which having been visited is totally meaningless. It is just a waste of time. This wasted time can be used to have a good rest,learn some new knowledge or finish some valuable things.Some people prefer to spend their free time with a group of friends. Others prefer to spendtheir free time with just one person at a time. Which do you prefer? Why?Some people prefer to go traveling on their vacation. Others prefer to stay at home. Which do you prefer? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Some people believe that talking with other people is the key to success in college. Others believe observing others in silence is better. What is your opinion and why? Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.If you were to choose a class to study for fun, which one would you choose? An art class ora science class?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Happiness comes when we helpothers rather than from ourselves? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Is it better to grow up in a large family or a small family? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.When finding a place to live near the campus, some people prefer to share a house withseveral others. Others prefer to rent an apartment alone. Which do you prefer? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Some people prefer to study on their own whereas others prefer to attend lectures. Which do you prefer and why? Please use examples to support your reasons.Some people prefer to listen to audio books whereas others prefer to read printed books. Which do you prefer and why? Please use examples and reasons to support your choice.Some people prefer to buy new books while others prefer to buy used ones. Which do you prefer? Please use examples and reason to support your choice.Some people prefer to live in spacious and new places far from their workplace and/orschool whereas others prefer to live in small and old places near their workplace and/or school. Which do you prefer and why? Please use examples and reasons to support your answer.Some people prefer to have their broken furniture or household appliances fixed by professionals while others prefer to fix them by themselves. Which do you prefer and why? Please use examples and reasons to support your choice.建议A friend of yours always gets up late in the morning and misses his morning classes. The professor has told him that this behavior will affect his grade. What advice would you give him and why? Please include details and examples in your explanation.Your friend has to work a lot. Please suggest a hobby to him to help him spend his weekend in a more delightful way. Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.解释Do you agree or disagree with the following statement-we should let children use the computer or other electronic devices as early as they can? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: parents should decide their children’s career? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Some people prefer to engage in activities alone. Others prefer to participate in a groupactivity. Which do you prefer and why? Please include reasons and details in your explanation.A close family member of your friend is sick. What can you do to comfort your friend? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Your friend would like to take one year to something else before starting their studies atthe university. Do you think if it is a good idea? Please include specific examples and details inyour explanation.A friend of yours has just moved to a new city. Please give some advice to your friend about how to make friends in a new city. Please include specific details and examples in your response.What is the most effective way to resolve disagreements between friends? Explain why.Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement—our life today is better than the life in the past? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement-we learn from failure, not from success? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Some countries now take measures to attract a large amount of foreign tourists. Discussthe advantage and disadvantage of attracting a large amount of foreign tourists. Please include details and examples in your explanation.What are the benefits of talking to older family members such as your uncles, aunts,or grandparents? Please use examples and reasons to support your answer.The university would like to shorten the summer break and break it down into severalshorter breaks throughout the year. Do you agree or disagree with this? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: You should consult your family members before making important decisions? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: the purpose of art is to guide our life? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement-college education is more important in the modem society than in the past? Explain why. Please include details and examples inyour explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents today put more pressure ontheir children than parents in the past? Explain why. Please include specific examples and detailsin your explanation.Do you agree with the following statement: the university should require all students to own a laptop? Please use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.You are a leader of a student organization. There is a freshman student who is nervous inthis environment. What would you do to help this student in this new environment?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: protecting the environment is justas important as developing the economy?Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: zoos are more beneficial than harmful to animals? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree with the statement: employees should be prohibited to listen to music at work? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree with the following statement: it is important to live close to one’s family and why? Please include details and examples in your explanation.Do you agree or disagree that it is acceptable that students disagree with their instructor?Please include details and examples in your explanation.描述Describe a person you enjoy talking with and explain why. Please include specific examplesand details in your explanation.Talk about your favorite book when you were a child, explain why you liked to read it in details.Which member in your family shares similar traits and behavior with you and why? Pleaseuse examples and reasons to support your explanation.Describe a member in your family whose personality is different. Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.Students attend different clubs in college, such as the science club, hiking club, etc. Which one are you interested in? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.What kind of strategy do you use to handle an overwhelming amount of work.Describe the way your country improve the education system. Please include details and examples in your explanation.三选一Which of the following occupations do you prefer to be most-an actor or actress, acomputer programmer, or a business owner? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.The university is organizing a visit to one of the following workplaces—a science lab, a business office, or a TV studio. Which will you choose to visit and why? Please include reasons and details in your explanation.Which one of the following would you take as a part-time job—a position as a lab assistant, campus tour guide, or library clerk and why? Please include specific examples and details inyour explanation.Which of the following occupations do you consider the most important for the city, a policeman, a public transportation worker, or a building designer? Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.Your community center now offers classes on the weekends for free. Which of the following class will you choose to take: a financial course to help you manage money, car maintenance and repair, or review of Latin-American music?Which of the following would you like to learn: playing the piano, swimming, or repairing a car? Explain why. Please include details and examples in your explanation.Your school has received a gift of money. What do you think is the best way for your schoolto spend this money: improving student life, sports facilities, or research technology? Usespecific reasons and examples to support your choice.If you are recruited as a volunteer to help the community protect the environment, which of the following would you choose to do: cleaning up trash and litter on the street, planting treesand flowers in town or teaching children to be environmentally friendly?Where would you choose to live, close to where your workplace or school, close to your family, or close to public transits and why? Please use examples and reasons to support your choice.。
托福TPO9独立写作题目文本+满分范文
为了帮助大家高效备考托福，为大家带来托福TPO9独立写作题目文本+满分范文，希望对大家备考有所帮助。
托福TPO9独立写作题目原文： Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Technology has made children less creative than they were in the past. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. 托福TPO9独立写作满分范文： Are our kids becoming lazier and less creative, less imaginable than before as a consequence of highly advanced technology? My answer is no, and just the opposite, technology has apparently assisted our kids to become more creative. First and foremost, technology has provided children with easy access to scientific and liberal art resources which is their best source of inspiration. For example, children could now easily gain access to academic databases through iPad screen, read classical works on Kindle, or watch historic documents on Internet. These great works are essentially helpful to arousing their curiosity and prepares them with key knowledge necessary for any creation. However, these wonderful equipment and facilities are never as handy in the past, when kids could only reach limited resources in public libraries or schools. In this sense, technology has provided the possibility for children to be more creative. Second, technology has equipped children with professional apparatus which could finally realize their imagination. This takes form particularly as computer software and applications, such as Photoshop for creative graphic design, Overture for easily composing a piece of music, 3DMax for building up a virtual world, etc. All the software were never as handy as they are at present, and this would absolutely provide our children an effective tool for realizing their creativity. Third, technology itself is a market place where creative ideas are economically encouraged. Steve Jobs earned millions of dollars a year for his unparalleled creation, and Mark Zuckberg gained his reputation for the genius social network. Therefore, technology has provided children the internal motive to develop their creativity. However, it is undeniable that technology might make children become lazier and be comfortable with what is already available because everything are so convenient nowadays and there seems to be no way to improve them. Children lost in pc games or blindly pursuing every single piece of tech apparatus is a relevant example. Thus,it is always necessary to keep children’s mind active in the marvelous world of technology. In a nutshell, I still regard children as becoming increasingly creative in technology development, although it might bring minor side effect. As long as we keep a balanced mood on children enjoying the fruit of technology, they are sure to contribute more to innovation than in the past. 以上是给大家整理的托福TPO9独立写作题目文本+满分范文，希望对你有所帮助!。
tpo9独立写作文章
tpo9独立写作文章我考过托福，writing 30，这里简单给你提几个意见：1、字数不错，一般能打到450左右的文章文辞不太差的话都能上4分，INTEGRATED上300的话写作不会下25.但是你考试时也能打这么多。
2、结构要改进，第一段观点陈述不要少于引言或让步，你应该简要的把分论点写出来，indicating the organization of the essay. 还有两个分论点字数不要相差太大，最好可以的话写三个分论点。
3、两个理由貌似没有很大的差别啊，科技包括很多，不要只谈INTERNET. 4、要仔细检查，语法错误很多啊.5、例子很详细，赞。
但也可以说些别的，不仅仅只是生活中见到的。
比如编一些survey之类的综上所述这篇文章大概22-25吧其二，逻辑清晰，论据具体。
tpo独立写作范文要求展开充分。
要求我们在保持平衡的基础上有所侧重。
论述一个问题，一定要做到在某些方面有所倾向，但是对其他的观点也要稍微着些笔墨。
在论述时，需要具体合适的例子作为论据，来支持论点。
例子不在于多少，而在于是否贴切，不要生搬硬套。
其四，语言。
tpo独立写作范文的语言需要达到准确、流畅、丰富三个基本标准。
准确要求在拼写、语法、用词上没有错误，以及一些搭配要准确，这是基本的。
流畅则是读起来要顺口，行文一气呵成使得逻辑清晰。
语言的丰富体现了考生的语言能力，注意用词的时候尽量避免重复。
一些修辞手法的运用更能体现语言的丰富。
一篇标准的tpo独立写作范文主要做到以上几点就可以了。
相信这样的分析能对广大考生有所帮助。
父母，是我们温馨的避风港；父母，是我们撒娇时的依靠；父母，是我们物质上的来源，精神上的支柱。
但是，我们是否想过，有一天，父母会离我们远去，或许是我们离开父母远行，我们总有一天要学会独立。
培养健全的人格和独立的意识，是我们学会独立的基本要求。
当代大学生，吃好的买名牌根本不用顾及钱不够，花钱如流水，钱不够就伸手向父母要。
托福高频词汇36套-tpo9
TPO-9
incorrect
adj.错误的，不正确的；不真实的；不适当的
midcontinental
adj.大陆中部的
additional
adj.附加的，额外的
alternative
adj.供选择的；选择性的；交替的n.供替代的选择
coastal
adj.海岸的；沿海的
void
fern
n.蕨；蕨类植物
toehold
n.克服困难的办法，排除障碍的方法；小立足点
patience
n.耐性，耐心；忍耐，容忍
tendency
n.倾向，趋势；癖好
paucity
n.缺乏；少数；少量
archipelago
n.群岛，列岛；多岛的海区
vulnerability
n.弱点；易损性
investigation
vt.使湿透；给（牲畜）灌药n.滂沱大雨；浸液
fertilize
vt.使受精；使肥沃
submerge
vt.淹没；把…浸入；沉浸vi.淹没；潜入水中；湮没
blaze
vt.在树皮上刻路标；公开n.火焰，烈火；光辉；情感爆发
nourish
vt.滋养；怀有；使健壮
multiply
vt.乘；使增加；vi.繁殖；增加adv.多样地；复合地
n.蛛丝；薄纱；小蜘蛛网adj.轻飘飘的来自薄弱的corridor
n.走廊
molt
vi.脱毛；换毛n.换毛；换毛期vt.脱毛；换毛
route
vt.按某路线发送n.路线；航线；通道
facilitate
vt.促进；帮助；使容易
stretch
vt.伸展，张开；vi.伸展；adj.可伸缩的；n.伸展
TPO-9 Reading 2 解析
正确答案：A解析：原文中的justified是justify的过去分词形式，意为“证明……是有道理的”，说明by后面的内容是支持前面的说法的。
四个选项中，A意为“支持”，B意为“塑造”，C意为“刺激，促进”，D意为“建议”，只有A最符合条件，故为答案。
Q2正确答案：B解析：题干中的reflection could help teachers帮助准确定位。
第1段段末提到了reflective practice对教师的帮助。
B是对原文中help teachers to feel more intellectually involved in their role and work in teaching的同义转述，故为答案。
A 中的intellectual principles在该段找不到依据。
C中的use scientific fact to和D中的disciplined approach均是对原文的曲解，排除。
Q3正确答案：C解析：原文中的flourish意为“繁荣，成功”，原文的意思是，这两位研究者对于研究那些会促使反思成功的条件格外感兴趣。
四个选项中，A意为“继续”，B意为“发生”，C意为“成功”，D意为“应用”，只有C最符合条件，故为答案。
Q4正确答案：D解析：题干中的experimental strategy帮助准确定位。
A对应最后一句，其中的eventually reflect without help对应原文的later an independent manner。
B中的by a group of teachers over a period of years对应原文的40 practicing teachers over several years。
C对应原文的The teachers were taken through a program of talking about teaching events。
TPO-9 Reading 1 解析
Q1正确答案：B解析：原文指出，当古生态学家Glen MacDonald证明了一些用来支持不冻走廊存在的一些最重要的放射性碳的时间不正确时，这个关于不冻走廊的理论也就瓦解了。
B是对demonstrated that … were incorrect的同义转述。
A中的the original migration occurred much later偷换了原文的概念an ice-free corridor did not exist until much later。
C中的the continental ice began its final retreat much later是对原文细节的胡乱嫁接。
D中的not as long lasting as中文中找不到依据。
Q2正确答案：C解析：原文指出，他令人信服地指出，那样的不冻走廊直到很久以后当大陆冰川开始最后的消退时才出现。
其中的persuasively意为“令人信服地”。
四个选项中，A意为“挑衅地”，B意为“顽固地”，C意为“有说服力地”，D意为“小心地”，只有C最符合条件，故为答案。
Q3正确答案：D解析：第2段提出了另外一种理论：人们沿着海岸线南行，并解释了为何以前大部分考古学家都不认为海岸是进入美洲的可能的移民路线。
因此，D正确。
A中的but then rejected无中生有。
B中的present the evidence找不到依据。
该段指出这个理论得到了越来越多人的支持，并没有说这个理论不正确，因此C不正确。
Q4正确答案：A解析：原文中说，这条路线使人类可以在大陆冰河解冻之前进入美洲南部地区。
其中的prior to意为“在……之前”。
四个选项中，A意为“在……之前”，B意为“紧随其后”，C意为“在……期间”，D意为“尽管”，只有A符合条件，故为答案。
Q5正确答案：A解析：第2段指出，直到20世纪70年代早期，大部分考古学家都不认为海岸是进入美洲的可能的移民路线，因为地理学家一开始就坚信整个西北海岸在上个冰河时代是被冰川覆盖的。
TPO1-10独立写作思路分析（共5篇）
TPO1-10独立写作思路分析（共5篇）第一篇：TPO1-10独立写作思路分析TPO1: A or D: At universities and colleges, sports and social activities are just as important as classes and libraries and should receive equal financial support.1p: 先强调大学的功能(miniature of the society)肩负大学生平衡发展的重任，需要保证足够的投资 2p: 学生喜欢运动，运动有利于学生身心健康。
3p: 学生喜欢参加社会活动，参加社会活动能拓展学生的人际网络。
4p: 政府和财政部门应该重视对体育设施和公共设施的建设，为学生创建良好物质条件。
TPO 2: A or D: Always telling the truth is the most important consideration in any relationship between people.（参见Steve同学的高分模板范文）1p: 【屈原式《天问》】神啊，我一直在思考一个问题-不扯100+不罢休。
2p: white lie这个词组的存在说明了“转弯抹角”的必要性，因为在某些情况下，说实话会造成A。
麻烦，B。
尴尬，C。
损失。
因此人们为了避免麻烦、尴尬和损失是正常的，在某些情况下，撒谎是人的本能反应。
撒谎之外的一个选择是：保持沉默。
3p: 但人际交往的基本原则是坦诚和诚信。
White lie必须有限度而且有原则。
否则会破坏人际关系。
4p: 结论：Tricky question或open debate取决于：seriousness.【立场决定2p-3p的比重，你们懂的】TPO 3: A or D: It is more important to keep your old friends than it is to make new friends.1p: As the wheels of globalization roll on...每天都在加新朋友，也有老朋友失去联系。
托福独立写作9
As a non-English majors students, I have learned how to apply writing skills to express their point of view, but even more exciting is the use of these skills will not only enhance my essay's argument and it makes my article more persuasive and ultimately, to help me reach a goal to convince readers to support my point of view.Going through the English 108 program has taught me so much about writing skills. It has taught me how to develop an argument with persuasive appeal to audience. I have learned how to writer use words to impact a target audience, and how to use controversy analysis to enhance essay flexibility and strength.When at the end of the writing skills and I'm not feeling confident enough to write a good paper. Foundation essay writing skills is a success, the skills including how to use "rhetorical function". Furthermore effective writing process is also essential. Only combination in order to write a extremely good essay.F For me, the thesis aims to persuade the validity of my audience and prove my point. This requires writing a different sort of writing something that I, there must be a clear and effective writing processes, more important is knowing how to make good use of rhetorical function to persuade an audience.Writing and rhetorical appeal always interact, so-called rhetorical appeal refers to three elements to the art of persuasion,for example ethos,pathos and logos. We usually call these three elements rhetorical appeals.For me, the thesis aims to persuade the validity of my audience and prove my point. This requires writing a different sort of writing something that I, there must be a clear and effective writing processes, more important is knowing how to make good use of rhetorical function to persuade an audience.Writing and rhetorical appeal always interact, so-called rhetorical appeal refers to three elements to the art of persuasion,for example ethos,pathos and logos. We usually call these three elements rhetorical appeals.For me, the thesis aims to persuade the validity of my audience and prove my point. This requires writing a different sort of writing something that I, there must be a clear and effective writing processes, more important is knowing how to make good use of rhetorical function to persuade an audience.Writing and rhetorical appeal always interact, so-called rhetorical appeal refers to three elements to the art of persuasion,for example ethos,pathos and logos. We usually call these three elements rhetorical appeals.or me, the thesis aims to persuade the validity of my audience and prove my point. This requires writing a different sort of writing something that I, there must be a clear and effective writing processes, more important is knowing how to make good use ofrhetorical function to persuade an audience.Writing and rhetorical appeal always interact, so-called rhetorical appeal refers to three elements to the art of persuasion,for example ethos,pathos and logos. We usually call these three elements rhetorical appeals.Writing process is always complex, usually when I start to write thesis need to brainstorm, research, gather and outline ideas, but I need to know how to use brainstorming to make these the appeals of ethos, pathos, and logos to attract an audience, perhaps some people may ask, "Why should I trust this person?" In this case, I usually research a lot of information from the Internet or the library, and then using the ethos method to prove the article's credibility and authority, and use them at the beginning of each period of build a stronger argument. Then use Pathos methods to appeal to their sense of identity. Method outline idea is important in the process of writing is logic that makes readers think the article,Here is the way how to connect the writing process and rhetorical function.Beside, messy writing argument and thinking on comes from the confusion, fortunately in this lesson, I learned how to use logic to build an argument. Usually using logical argument in writing is an important part of communication . Because it can not only make information clearer and easier for you to convey to the audience. But you can also help me to invent, and prove argument.Before in the absence of logic, I usually write the argument is unsound, which meant that was unlikely to persuade the target audience that I have a valid point to make, or they agree with my point of view.An example is the essay "Proposed Changes to U.S. Gun Laws are reasonable," My opinion is the large quantities of illegal immigration and weapon in Arizona had a serious threat to the safety of the citizens of the United States. I tried to use this argument to convince the audience at gunpoint is a great danger to society. When I learned logic argument, I was aware of what was my argument there is no way to persuade the audience.Because of illegal immigration and gun crime have no direct links. So, when the emergence of this new knowledge, I believe the most direct way is to help me improve the ability to assess the impact of his argument with others. In the example above can be proven, by learning logic skills. I have found the thesis is not reasonable. In addition, a capability would improve it just communicate more clearly and effectively.Finally，this course helped me learn expected standards for writing academic essays.。
托福阅读真题词汇 TPO 9
共生的 真菌 光合作用 水分，水汽 分解 蕨类 裂缝 施肥;授精 纯粹的 加强 被子植物 包裹 诱惑的 休眠的，蛰伏的 浮力 漂浮 延长的 浸泡，沉浸于 抵抗的 群岛 胶囊
有意识的 证明合理，维护 处理，应付 学科；纪律 繁荣 令人振奋的，提神的
conception manner utilitarian reveal facilitate sufficient comment compelling inhibition motivation perceivable as opposed to strengthen approach unbiased persuasive numerous intensity
动物群 藻类 抓住，捕获 分子 滋养 熔化的，炽热的 苔藓 繁殖;传播;宣传 有利的 繁殖 裸露的 裸子植物 诱惑 蒲公英 有浮力的 椰子 变迁 浸泡 显著的 抵抗 将…封入内部
symbiotic fungus—fungi photosynthesis moisture decomposition fern crevice fertilize sheer enhance angiosperm wrap tempting dormant buoyancy drift prolonged immerse resistant archipelago capsule
放射性碳
date
persuasively
有 说 服 力 地 retreat
=compellingly/convincingly
skin boat
皮艇
prior to
melt edge barrier unglaciated deglaciate caribou
融化 边缘，优势 障碍 未形成冰川的 冰川消融 北美驯鹿
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
When it comes to technology, a multitude people are under the impression that it brings negative influence on the society. They think monotonous television programs limits children mind and the internet breaks the communication between people, thus undermining the creative ability of children. However, the fact is that the technology benefits human a lot. Technology allows a majority of people to get information to study. The fashion technology also triggers children's curiosity to the novelties.
Firstly, the technology broadcasts the information to the people who is previous unavailable to have information. The technology provides thousands of accesses of obtaining knowledge. With the permission of feasible study material, normal people can become more creative easily than before. For example, I have taken a plenty of advantage from internet while my father has limited resources to study. In the past, the age when father was in the middle school, he should borrowed a book from his classmate and returned on time. The time restraint made him hard to study smoothly. On the contrary, nowadays we have mountains of resources, television and internet for example. Perceiving the latest knowledge through them, we come up with creative idea.
Secondly, the attractive technology triggers children's curiosity to discover the world. Nowadays, surrounded by variable novelty, one is easy to open one's mind and conceive innovation. Children like to ponder over how a high-tech appliance work and try creating. Guiding by diverse technology, children become creative and innovative. For example, the famous inventor Steve Jobs is a person who is inspired by technology and develops fascinating electronic product. When Jobs was a child, he lived in an environment where a multitude of technology surrounds. He was encouraged by these and began to his own creative career.
In conclusion, the technology inspired human and broaden the resource people can attain information from.。