The Bible

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外国文学课件02-1中世纪文学：《圣经》

罗伯特·艾尔特（Robert Alter）
《圣经的叙事艺术》（The Art of Biblical Narrative）
第一节《圣经》
五《圣经》的文学性
梅厄·斯腾伯格（Meir Sternberg）
《圣经的叙事诗学：意识形态文学和解读的
戏剧性》（The Poetics of Biblical Narrative: Ideological Literature and the Drama of Reading）
第二章中世纪文学
第一节《圣经》The Bible
第一节《圣经》
第一节《圣经》
一概述
宗教经典哲学神学文本民族史诗律法、家族谱系、历史故事、神话寓言、传说、诗歌的杂合体
第一节《圣经》
《圣经》艺术
建筑之巴黎圣母院
第一节《圣经》
《圣经》艺术
建筑之比萨大教堂
第一节《圣经》
诺索普·弗莱（Northrop Frye）
《伟大的代码：<圣经>与文学》（The Great Code: The Bible and Literature）
第一节《圣经》
一个文本比较分析的例子：
奥德修斯的伤疤：《荷马史诗》与《圣经》的
叙事艺术之比较
来自艾里克·俄尔巴赫（Erich Auerbach）
夸张、明了和铺陈
《圣经》
第一节《圣经》
创世记22：1－13
22:1 这些事以后，神要试验亚伯拉罕，就呼叫他说，亚伯拉罕，他说，我在这里。 22:2 神说，你带着你的儿子，就是你独生的儿子，你所爱的以撒，往摩利亚地去，在我所要指示你的山上，把他献为燔祭。 22:3 亚伯拉罕清早起来，备上驴，带着两个仆人和他儿子以撒，也劈好了燔祭的柴，就起身往神所指示他的地方去了。

Bible 约伯记

Bible The Book of Job——Probing Into Bitterness of LifeClass：English 124Name：金丹丹Student number：17Date:July 2, 2014Abstract：The story of job is one of the oldest world literatures in Bible. With monologue and dialogue, it states that a man who was wealthy and pious afflicted with bitterness because of the wager of God and Satan, and he regained anything ultimately for his religiosity. Form this story, we do not only recognize Job’s loyalty to God, but also realize the sanctity of theocracy, as well as the value and significance of the suffering in life.Key word:Bible, the story of Job, religiosity, bitterness of life, value and significanceMain body1.The brief introduction of the BibleThe Bible is a canonical collection of texts sacred in Judaism and Christianity. There is no single "Bible" and many Bibles with varying contents exist. The term Bible is shared between Judaism and Christianity, although the contents of each of their collections of canonical texts are not the same. Different religious groups include different books within their Biblical canons, in different orders, and sometimes divide or combine books, or incorporate additional material into canonical books.2.The main content of the story of Job2.1.Background of JobJob was a rich and blessed man who lived righteously. And he was keeping himself far from evil. Besides, he had 7sons and 3daughters.2.2.Cause of storySatan challenged Job‘s integrity, proposing to God that Job served him simply because God protected him and gave him everything. Therefore, God allowed Satan to take away Job’s wealth, children and even his physical health, and then saw if Job would curse him or not.2.3.Main plotJob lost everything and was stricken with loathsome sores from head to foot. Despite his difficult condition, he did not curse God, but rather cursed the day of his birth.Job’s three friends Eliphaz, Bildad and Z ophar heard of his trouble and came to see him. They believed that Job must have sinned to incite God‘s punishment. As the speeches progress, Job’s friends increasingly berated him for refusing to confess his sins. But Job insisted that he was innocent, and he wanted an explanation.Another person Elihu heard their conversation and was very dissatisfied with Job’s and his friends’ attitude to God. He attempted to maintain the sovereignty and righteousness and gracious mercy of God.In that time, God appeared. He asked if Job had ever had the experiences or the authority that he had had. He also emphasized his sovereignty in creating and maintaining the world.Job answered God. He understood better the marvelous power of God, and was sorry he had spoken with insufficient understanding. So he despised himself in dust and ashes.2.4.EndingGod rebuked Job’s friends: they had not spoken right as Job had done. Therefore, they offered a sacrifice of seven bulls and seven rams. But to gain acceptance, they must to ask Job to pray for them. God restored to Job twice as much as Satan had taken away.3.Meditation and comprehension3.1.The drama of the storyThough the Bible was not written for standing on the stage of world literature, it was filled with clash of drama. When we read it, there is some imagination of their speech with cadence. As saying goes, “No conflict, no play”, the story leaves us with a question about why a good person would also suffer the misery.Besides, the drama was embodied by the changes of fate. Job was a wealthy and blessed man, living with his children, but because of the debate between God and Satan, he lost everything,including his kids. Then the Job insisted that he was innocent, normally, God would have punished him, but God appreciated him and restored to his wealth and family and even more.3.2.The spirit of explorationThe Jews upheld wisdom and respected wise man traditionally, and they were eager to explore the way of life, the law of nature and the mystery of universe. As Job’s friends, when they persuaded Job to admit that he had sin, they all told their outlook on life with basic of observation, tradition and assumption. They were exploring though they used different reasoning methods.In the second place, the protagonist Job, for exploring the justice and truth, didn’t fear the bitterness and power of God. He asked God why he would suffer all of these bravely, exploring the righteousness.From the ending of story, we can get to know the value of exploring spirit, even if Job followed the God’s thinking finally. What’s more, we can gain the inspiration from the exploration in the story of Job: there is a contradiction between man's existence and the nature of the universe; in the process of exploring this contradiction, people would be confused, hesitant and even be a lost sheep, but it is the only way which must be passed if you want to get the truth.3.3.The value of bitterness in lifeLife is a river flowing to east, and if it doesn’t meet the submerged rock, there is no beautiful spindrift. Each of us is willing to be a strong person, but the road to success will fill with bitterness.It tests us and makes us walk forward bravely.In the story of Job, Job suffered a lot, but he didn’t give up finding out the righteousness, so he got the God’s appreciation. In a smooth circumstance, people see the flowers and smiling faces, and is not used to bearing the big blow.Bitterness is a book of intelligence. When you read it, you will experience a lot and be suddenly enlightened. The most important is that it teaches us the right attitude to life: composed, unbending and brave.4.ConclusionThe story of Job shares us with its drama, the spirit of exploration and the value of bitterness in life. Obviously, it is just a fiction, but I’m confident that there are many “Job”around the world actually, suffering a lot but gaining more. Don’t be fear to be a “Job”in the plight, and then you will be a wealthy and blessed “Job”!。

The Bible

source of Christian teaching.
Divine inspiration
Include: The view of the Bible as the inspired word of God: the belief that God,
through the Holy Spirit, intervened and influenced the words, message,
and collation of the Bible. The view that the Bible is also infallible, and incapable of error in matters
of faith and practice, but not necessarily in historic or scientific matters
The New Testament is a collection of writings by early Christians,
believed to be mostly Jewish disciples of Christ(犹太基督的门徒), written in first-century Koine Greek. These early Christian Greek writings consist
of narratives(叙述), letters, and apocalyptic(启示录) writings. Among
Christian denominations there is some disagreement about the contents of the canon, primarily in the Apocrypha, a list of works that are regarded with varying levels of respect.

M9 Unit 4 Reading

［Explanation］］该部分侧重于培养学生快速阅读的能力，准确地捕捉文章中的信息，加深对教材的理解。
Step4: Careful reading Part 2 (Paras.2-5)
1.Paragraph 2 2.Paragraph 3 idiom
【课堂互动探究】
examples of biblical idioms
Step1: Check the preview 【预习与检测】】
一、预习指导：阅读文章 Biblical idioms in English, 了解英语中关于圣经谚语的意思。二、预习检测：
1. How many idioms are mentioned in this text? ( ) A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 7 2. Which of the following idioms means that a person is very good and honest? ( ) A. Feet of clay. B. The salt of the earth. C. The apple of one’s eye. D. A little bird told me. 3. From the passage, we know that _____ . ( ) A. An idiom can be understood easily by looking at the meaning of its separate words. B. Biblical idioms originally have vague meanings. C. “by and by” means immediately at present. D. There are many idioms in Hebrew and Greek. 4. Which of the following statements is not right according to the passage? ( ) A. Idioms are not very important, so we needn’t learn it well. B. Studying idioms can help improve our comprehension. C. If you want to be an interpreter, you had better learn some idioms well. D. Learning English idioms well can help you better know the history and cultures of English-speaking countries. 5. How can we successfully read idioms? ( ) A.Create an image in your mind. B. Find the clues in the context. C. Look at the meanings of the separate words D. A and B

Gay Marriage In The Bible1

《圣经》中的同性恋婚姻Abstract: Homosexuality has become an international topic at present. Everybody can hold his views on this behaviour and judge whether it is right or wrong. Now,I am going to analyze this behaviour from the perspectives of the Bible. Although the Bible does not have to be used to demonstrate the homosexuality,it is clear that the Bible condemns homosexuality as an immoral and unnatural sin. This paper states this issue form two aspects: homosexuality and gay marriage.Key words: homosexuality gay marriage bible摘要：目前，同性恋已经成为了国际性的一个焦点。

关于同性恋的对与错，个人有个人的观点。

现在，我仅从圣经里的角度来探讨同性恋。

虽然《圣经》中只出现几次关于同性恋的描述，但对其表示了明确的反对。

本文从同性恋行为和同性恋婚姻对于同性恋进行阐述。

关键字：同性恋同性恋婚姻圣经同性恋作为一个全球性的热议话题，目前人们对同性恋的态度由三种，赞同，反对或者中立。

大部分人都是持不赞成的观点。

现在，我们来谈谈赞同同性恋的三个基本论点：第一，认为同性恋是人的一种自然性的趋向，是基因累积的结果。

第二，既然同性恋是自然的结果，就不是罪，每个人都有自己选择的权利。

第三，婚姻基本上是性的结合，而性行为是否正当，是看它是否存在于爱的基础上。

the bible名词解释

the bible名词解释The Bible, also known as the Holy Bible, is a sacred text in Christianity. It is considered by Christians to be the inspired word of God and serves as a guide for faith and practice. The Bible is divided into two main sections, the Old Testament and the New Testament.The Old Testament contains the sacred scriptures of the Jewish faith, which were written before the birth of Jesus Christ. It includes books such as Genesis, Exodus, Psalms, and Isaiah, among others. These books recount the history of the Jewish people, their laws and customs, and their relationship with God.The New Testament, on the other hand, focuses on the life, teachings, and ministry of Jesus Christ, as well as the early Christian church. It includes the four Gospels (Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John), the Acts of the Apostles, the Epistles, and the Book of Revelation. These books provide insight into the life and teachings of Jesus, the growth of the early Christian church, and the future of humanity.The Bible is considered to be a source of spiritual guidance, moral teachings, and inspiration for millions of people around the world. It addresses fundamental questions about the nature of God, the purpose of life, and the afterlife. Many Christians turn to the Bible for comfort, wisdom, and direction in their daily lives.In addition to its religious significance, the Bible has also had a profound impact on Western culture, literature, and art. Its stories, characters, and themes have inspired countless works of art, music, and literature. The Bible has been translated into numerous languages and is widely read and studied by scholars, theologians, and believers of all denominations.Overall, the Bible is a timeless and influential text that continues to shape the beliefs, values, and traditions of Christians and non-Christians alike. Its message of love, forgiveness, and redemption resonates with people of all backgrounds and continues to offer hope and guidance to those who seek it.。

西南大学《欧洲文化入门》网上作业及参考答案

1：[论述题]1.The Bible2. Renaissance参考答案：1. The Bible is the various collections of sacred scripture of the various branchesof Judaism and Christianity. The Bible, in its various editions, is the best-selling book in history. he Christian Bible (sometimes known as the Holy Bible) is divided into two parts. The first is called the Old Testament, containing the 39 books of Hebrew Scripture, and the second portion is called the New Testament, containing a set of 27 books. The first four books of the New Testament form the Canonical gospels which recount the life of Christ and are central to the Christian faith.2. The Renaissance is acultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Florence in the Late Middle Agesand later spreading to the rest of Europe. The term is also used more loosely to refer to the historic era, but since the changes of the Renaissance were not uniform across Europe, this is a general use of the term. As a cultural movement, it encompassed a resurgence of learning based on classical sources, the development of linear perspectivein painting, and gradual butwidespread educational reform. The Renaissance was a cultural movement that profoundly affected European intellectual life in the early modern period. Beginning in Italy, and spreading to the rest of Europe by the 16th century, its influenceaffected literature, philosophy, art, politics, science,religion, and other aspects of intellectual inquiry. Renaissance scholars employed thehumanist method in study, and searched for realism and human emotion in art.2：[判断题]参考答案：错误3：[判断题]2. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.参考答案：正确4：[判断题]参考答案：错误5：[判断题]4. Roman law eventually became the core of modern civil and commercial law in many Western countries.参考答案：正确6：[判断题]5. The Bible is much more than a religious book; it is really an encyclopedia: history, literature, philosophy and record of great minds.参考答案：正确7：[判断题]参考答案：错误8：[判断题]7. The Gothic style started in France, quickly spread through all parts of western Europe and flourished and lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 17th .参考答案：错误9：[判断题]8. In the period of Renaissance, where the impact with Italy was most strongly felt in fine arts, in France it was literature and in England it was philosophy and drama.参考答案：正确10：[判断题]9. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon in England and with RenéDescartes in France.参考答案：正确11：[判断题]10. Baroque art, flourished first in Spain was characterized by Dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and color.参考答案：错误12：[判断题]11. Christopher Columbus was discoverer of the New World and the American continent was named after him.参考答案：错误13：[判断题]12. Throughout his life, Peter Paul Rubens did 1,204 paintings and 300 drawings, something that is unprecedented in the history of art.参考答案：正确14：[判断题]13. Marxism was linked to a great intellectual tradition extending into the 18th century French Enlightenment, German post-Kantian philosophy, English classical political economy, and early 18th century European socialism.参考答案：错误15：[判断题]参考答案：错误16：[判断题]15. Expressionist art is marked by the expression of reality by means of distortion to communicate one's inner vision. The artists of this school used bright colors to bring out their pessimistic views on life.参考答案：正确1：[论述题]1.Aristotle2.Barogue Art3. Church of England4. Beowulf5. the Lost Generation参考答案：1. reference to text-book, p 27--28. Aristotle (384 BC ? 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. His writings cover many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, linguistics, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology. Together with Plato and Socrates (Plato's teacher), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. Aristotle's writings were the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy, encompassing morality and aesthetics, logic and science, politics and metaphysics.2. reference to text-book, p 225 Baroque Art is an artistic style prevalent from the late 16th century to the early 18th century in Europe. It is most often defined as "the dominant style of art in Europe between the Mannerist and Rococo eras, a style characterized by dynamic movement, overt emotion and self-confident rhetoric".3. reference to text-book, p 147 The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The Church of England separated from the Roman Catholic Church in 1534 with the Act of Supremacy and understands itself to be both Catholic and Reformed. The British monarch, at present Queen Elizabeth II, has the constitutional title of Supreme Governor of the Church of England.4. reference to text-book, p 105 Beowulf is the conventional title of an Old English heroic epic poem consisting of 3182 alliterative long lines, set in Scandinavia, commonly cited as one of the most important works of Anglo-Saxon literature.5. reference to text-book, p 471 The "Lost Generation" is a term used to refer to the generation that came of age during World War I. The term was popularized by Ernest Hemingway who used it as one of two contrasting epigraphs for his novel, "The Sun Also Rises." In that volume Hemingway credits the phrase to Gertrude Stein, who was then his mentor and patron.2：[单选题]1. Two major elements in European culture are ____.A：the Greek and RomanB：the Judaism and ChristianityC：the Greco-RomanD：both A and B参考答案：D3：[单选题]A：UripidesB：AristophanesC：SophoclesD：Aeschylus参考答案：B4：[单选题]3. In _____ the West Roman Empire ended when the last emperor of the West was deposed by the Goths.A：27 B.CB：395C：476D：1453参考答案：C5：[单选题]4. The most important and influential of English Bible is ____, first published in 1611.A：The SeptuagintB：The VulgateC：Wycliff’s versionD：Authorized version参考答案：D6：[单选题]5. ____ in a few hundred years were to grow into the nations known as England, France, Spain, Italy and Germany.A：Germanic tribesB：The HunsC：The Anglo-SaxonsD：The Visigoths参考答案：A7：[单选题]6. Dante Alighieri's masterpiece , _____, is one of the landmarks of world literature. A：Song of RolandB：the Anglo-Saxon Chronicles.C：BeowulfD：the Divine Comedy参考答案：D8：[单选题]A：ChristianityB：CalvinC：LutheranD：Protestantism参考答案：D9：[单选题]8. ____ was the first Russian author to gain recognition in the West.A：Nikolai GogolB：Ivan Sergeyevich TurgenevC：Fyodor DostoyevskyD：Count Leo Tolstoy参考答案：B10：[单选题]9. _____ was made up of many facets, such as symbolism, surrealism, cubism, expressionism, futurism, etc.A：RealismB：NaturalismC：ModernismD：Impressionism参考答案：C11：[单选题]A：My ApprenticeshipB：The StrangerC：The Quiet DonD：Remembrance of Things Past参考答案：C12：[单选题]A：The OdysseyB：The IliadC：Prometheus BoundD：Persians参考答案：B13：[单选题]A：HomeB：HeracleitueC：DemocritusD：Socrates参考答案：C14：[单选题]13. The theory of ____ is that one should endure hardship and misfortune with courage.A：the EpicuransB：the StoicsC：the ScepticsD：the Cynics参考答案：B15：[单选题]14. In ____, Emperor ____ made Christianity the official religion of the empire and outlawed all other religions.A：313, ConstantineB：305, DiocletianC：64 A. D., Nero CaesarD：392, Theodosius参考答案：D16：[单选题]15. With ____ by Boccaccio the courtly themes of medieval literature began to give way to the voice and mores of early modern society.A：the DecameronB：CanzoniersC：DavidD：Sleeping Venus参考答案：A1：[论述题]1. Church of England（英国国教）2. The Spirit of Laws（《法意》）3. Aristotle（亚里士多德）4. Beowulf （《贝奥武夫》）5.The Spirit of the Laws is a treatise on political theory first published anonymously by Baron de Montesquieu in 1748. In this political treatise Montesquieu advocates constitutionalism and the separation of powers, the abolition of slavery, the preservation of civil liberties and the rule of law, and the idea that political and legal institutions ought to reflect the social and geographical character of each particular community.（ "钦定圣经”）参考答案：1. The Church of England is the officially established Christian church in England and the Mother Church of the worldwide Anglican Communion. The Church of England separated from the Roman Catholic Church in 1534 with the Act of Supremacy and understands itself to be both Catholic and Reformed. The British monarch, at present Queen Elizabeth II, has the constitutional title of Supreme Governor of the Church of England.2. The Spirit of the Laws is a treatise on political theory first published anonymously by Baron de Montesquieu in 1748. In this political treatise Montesquieu advocates constitutionalism and the separation of powers, the abolition of slavery, the preservation of civil liberties and the rule of law, and the idea that political and legal institutions ought to reflect the social and geographical character of each particular community.3. Aristotle (384 BC ? 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. His writings cover many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry,theater, music, logic, rhetoric, linguistics, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology. Together with Plato and Socrates (Plato's teacher), Aristotle is one of the most important founding figures in Western philosophy. Aristotle's writings were the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy, encompassing morality and aesthetics, logic and science, politics and metaphysics.4. Beowulf is the conventional title of an Old English heroic epic poem consisting of 3182 alliterative long lines, set in Scandinavia, commonly cited as one of the most important works of Anglo-Saxon literature.5. The Authorized King James V ersion is an English translation by the Church of England of the Christian Bible begun in 1604 and completed in 1611.2：[单选题]1. ____ , Father of political science in the West, wrote Prince and Discourses.A：Fracesco PetrarchB：DanteC：Niccolo MachiavelliD：John Calvin参考答案：C3：[单选题]A：ChristianityB：CalvinC：LutheranD：Protestanism参考答案：D4：[单选题]3. _____'s laws formed the basis of all modern planetary astronomy and led to Newton's discovery of _____ .A：Kepler , heliocentric theoryB：Kepler , the laws of gravitationC：Galileo , the colors of the spectrumD：Copernicus, the laws of gravitation参考答案：B5：[单选题]A：GoyaB：DavidC：DelacroixD：Gericault参考答案：C6：[单选题]5. Just as Darwin discovered the law of development of _____, so Marx discovered the law of development of _____.A：the survival of the fittest, the communist partyB：the natural selection, the scientific socialismC：organic nature, human historyD：natural species, historical societies参考答案：C7：[单选题]6. According to Darwin's theory of evolution, the evolution of species is the result of _____.A：survival of the fittestB：natural selectionC：all animal lifeD：super-organic evolution参考答案：B8：[单选题]A：Nikolai GogolB：Ivan Sergeyevich TurgenevC：Fyodor DostoyevskyD：Count Leo Tolstoy参考答案：B9：[单选题]8. _____, Whitman's best known poem, expresses his grief over the death of Lincoln.A. B. C. D.A：Song of MyselfB：When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom’dC：I sit and Look OutD：Leaves of Grass参考答案：B10：[单选题]9. Sophocles11：[单选题]A：Symphony in E Major (“From the New World”)B：the founder of analytical geometryC：the supreme figure in scholasticismD：As I Lay Dying参考答案：A12：[单选题]11. VirgilA：Lord JimB：EncyclopédieC：The AeneidD：Prometheus Unbound参考答案：C13：[单选题]12. Thomas AquinasA：the supreme figure in scholasticismB：the first to use the term RenaissanceC：the founder of analytical geometryD：the Oedipus complex参考答案：A14：[单选题]A：the supreme figure in scholasticism B：Being and NothingnessC：The Portrait of A LadyD：Man and Superman参考答案：B15：[单选题]14. George Bernard ShawA：Man and SupermanB：The Portrait of A LadyC：As I Lay DyingD：The Betrothed参考答案：A16：[单选题]15.William FaulknerA：The Portrait of A LadyB：As I Lay DyingC：Eugene OneginD：Man and Superman参考答案：A17：[单选题]16. Giorgio VasariA：the first to use the term Renaissance B：the supreme figure in scholasticism C：the founder of analytical geometry D：the Oedipus complex参考答案：A18：[单选题]17. Joseph ConradA：As I Lay DyingB：Being and NothingnessC：Lord JimD：The Aeneid参考答案：C19：[单选题]18. Percy Bysshe ShelleyA：The Portrait of A LadyB：As I Lay DyingC：Prometheus UnboundD：Being and Nothingness参考答案：C20：[单选题]A：The Wanderings of Oisin and Other Poems B：Don GiovanniC：Prometheus UnboundD：The Betrothed参考答案：D21：[单选题] 20. Aleksander PushkinA：Eugene OneginB：The AeneidC：As I Lay DyingD：Don Giovanni参考答案：A22：[单选题]21. Immanuel KantA：Critique of Pure ReasonB：As I Lay DyingC：he first to use the term RenaissanceD：The Wanderings of Oisin and Other Poems参考答案：A23：[单选题]A：Critique of Pure ReasonB：As I Lay DyingC：The Wanderings of Oisin and Other Poems D：he supreme figure in scholasticism参考答案：C24：[单选题]23. RenéDescartesA：The Wanderings of Oisin and Other Poems B：the founder of analytical geometryC：the first to use the term RenaissancD：Don Giovanni参考答案：B25：[单选题]24.Auguste RodinA：Man and SupermanB：The ThinkerC：The Portrait of A LadyD：As I Lay Dying参考答案：B26：[单选题]25. Henry JamesA：Prometheus UnboundB：As I Lay DyingC：PhaèdraD：The Portrait of A Lady参考答案：D27：[单选题]A：The AeneidB：PhaèdraC：The ThinkerD：Eugene Onegin参考答案：B28：[单选题]27. DiderotA：EncyclopédieB：Lord JimC：Symphony in E Major (“From the New World”)D：Prometheus Unbound参考答案：A29：[单选题]A：the founder of analytical geometryB：the supreme figure in scholasticismC：Don GiovanniD：The Betrothed参考答案：C1：[判断题]3. Some of the hermits were great scholars known as " Father of the Church”, whose work is generally considered orthodox.参考答案：正确2：[论述题]参考答案：1. Francesco Petrarca(July 20, 1304 ? July 19, 1374), known in English as Petrarch, was an Italian scholar, poet and one of the earliest Renaissance humanists. Petrarch is often called the "Father of Humanism".2. John Locke (29 August 1632 ? 28 October 1704), widely known as the Father of Liberalism, was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers. Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social contract theory. His work had a great impact upon the development of epistemology and political philosophy. His writings influenced V oltaire and Rousseau, many Scottish Enlightenment thinkers, as well as the Americanrevolutionaries. His contributions to classical republicanism and liberal theory are reflected in the American Declaration of Independence.3. Black Humor,, a kind of drama (or, by extension, a non?dramatic work) in which disturbing or sinister subjects like death, disease, or warfare, are treated with bitter amusement, usually in a manner calculated to offend and shock. Prominent in the theatre of the absurd, black comedy is also a feature of Joe Orton's Loot (1965). A similar black humour is strongly evident in modern American fiction from Nathanael West's A Cool Million (1934) to Joseph Heller's Catch?22 (1961) and Kurt Vonnegut's Slaughterhouse?Five (1969).4.Cubism was a 20th century avant-garde art movement, pioneered by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque, that revolutionized European painting and sculpture, and inspired related movements in music, literature and architecture. The first branch of cubism, known as Analytic Cubism, was both radical and influential as a short but highly significant art movement between 1907 and 1911 in France. In its second phase, Synthetic Cubism, the movement spread and remained vital until around 1919, when the Surrealist movement gained popularity.3：[判断题]20. Expressionist art is marked by the expression of reality by means of distortion to communicate one's inner vision. The artists of this school used bright colors to bring out their pessimistic views on life.参考答案：正确4：[判断题]19. Black Humor is a kind of desperate humor. It is the laughter at tragic things. Man's fate is decided by comprehensible powers. We can't do anything about it, therefore we may as well laugh.参考答案：错误5：[判断题]18. As Isaac Newton dominated 17th-century science with his discovery of the laws governing the bodies of the universe, so Charles Darwin dominated 18th-centuryscience, for he discovered the laws governing the evolution of man himself.参考答案：错误6：[判断题]17. Marxism was linked to a great intellectual tradition extending into the 18th century French Enlightenment,参考答案：错误7：[判断题]16. The three composers of the classical music , Bach ,Haydn and Mozart are known as the Viennese School.参考答案：错误8：[判断题]15. The most important forerunners of the Enlightenment were two 17th century Englishmen Francis Bacon and Isaac Newton.参考答案：错误9：[判断题]14. Throughout his life, Peter Paul Rubens did 1,204 paintings and 300 drawings, something that is unprecedented in the history of art.参考答案：正确10：[判断题]13. The designing and building of St. Paul's Cathedral is the landmark in French architecture.参考答案：错误11：[判断题]12. It is generally believed that modern philosophy begins with Francis Bacon inEngland and with RenéDescartes in France.参考答案：正确12：[判断题]11. Christopher Columbus was discoverer of the New World and the American continent was named after him.参考答案：错误13：[判断题]10. The Cartesian doubt is summarized in his motto: " I doubt, therefore I think: I think , therefore I am.”参考答案：正确14：[判断题]9. In European Renaissance, where the impact with Italy was most strongly felt in fine arts, in France it was literature and in England it was philosophy and drama.参考答案：正确15：[判断题]8. The Gothic style started in France, quickly spread through all parts of western Europe and flourished and lasted from the mid-12th to the end of 15th century and, in some areas, into the 17th century.参考答案：错误16：[判断题]7. Charlemagne wanted to rule as the emperors of Rome had done in ancient times and eventually was crowned " Emperor of the Romans”by himself in 800.参考答案：错误17：[判断题]6. The Bible is much more than a religious book; it is really an encyclopedia: history, literature, philosophy and record of great minds.参考答案：正确18：[判断题]5. The oldest and most important of the Old Testament are the first five books about the laws of Moses, called Pentateuch or Torah.参考答案：正确19：[判断题]4. Charlemagne wanted to rule as the emperors of Rome had done in ancient times and eventually was crowned " Emperor of the Romans” by himself in 800.参考答案：错误20：[判断题]2. Venus de Milo was discovered in the island of Milo in 1920.参考答案：正确21：[判断题]1. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.参考答案：错误1：[判断题]13. The three composers of the classical music , Bach ,Haydn and Mozart are known as the Viennese School.参考答案：错误2：[判断题]1. Sappho was considered the most important lyric poet of ancient Greece.参考答案：正确3：[判断题]2.Diogenes is chiefly noted for his doctrine that " man is the measure of all things.”参考答案：错误4：[判断题]3. The term " impressionism” was taken directly from the title of Manet's Impressionism: Sunrise (1872).参考答案：错误5：[判断题]4. Realism was made up of many facets, such as symbolism, surrealism, cubism, expressionism, futurism, etc.参考答案：错误6：[判断题]5. In Freudian system, Id is the container of the instinctual urges.参考答案：正确7：[判断题]6. Dubliners by James Joyce is considered his most mature work and the single best fiction ever written since the beginning of the 20th century.参考答案：错误8：[判断题]7. T.S. Eliot's long poem the Waste Land is his major contribution to English poetry. 参考答案：正确9：[判断题]8. Sholokhov established an international reputation for his monumental novel of Cossack life, The Quiet Don, written between 1925 and 1940.参考答案：正确10：[判断题]9. Samuel Beckett's masterpiece was a play called Waiting for Godot (1952), which was remembered as one of the most famous Absurd Drama.参考答案：正确11：[判断题]10. The term " Angry Young Man” came to be widely used only after the publication of John Osborne's play Look Back in Anger (1956).参考答案：正确12：[论述题]Marxism参考答案：Marxism is an economic and socio-political worldview that contains within it a political ideology for how to change and improve society by implementing socialism. Originally developed in the early to mid 19th century by two German émigrés living in Britain, Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Marxism is based upon a materialist interpretation of history. Taking the idea that social change occurs because of the struggle between different classes within society who are under contradiction one against the other, the Marxist analysis leads to the conclusion that capitalism, the currently dominant form of economic management, leads to the oppression of the proletariat, who not only make up the majority of the world's populace but who also spend their lives working for the benefit of the bourgeoisie, or the wealthy ruling class in society.13：[判断题]15. Throughout his life, Peter Paul Rubens did 1,204 paintings and 300 drawings, something that is unprecedented in the history of art.参考答案：正确14：[判断题]14. Venus de Milo was discovered in the island of Milo in 1920.参考答案：错误15：[判断题]12. Some of the hermits were great scholars known as " Father of the Church”, whose work is generally considered orthodox.参考答案：正确16：[判断题]参考答案：正确1：[判断题]1. In Europe, the realist movement arose in the 50s of the 19th century and had its origin in France.参考答案：正确2：[判断题]2. Zola defined the theory of realism and illustrated it in his great work entitled the Human Comedy参考答案：错误3：[判断题]3. Nikolai Gogol was the first master of fiction in Russia to leave romantic conventions and go to life for his subjects.参考答案：正确4：[判断题]4. Romanticism, which developed in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, started from the ideas of Rousseau, in France and from the Storm and Stress movement in Germany.参考答案：正确5：[判断题]5. In 1798, Songs of Experience , a volume of poems by Wordsworth and Coleridge, made literary history.参考答案：错误6：[判断题]6. Pushkin stood in the van of the Romantic movement in Russia, Eugene Onegin is generally recognized as his masterpiece.参考答案：正确7：[判断题]7. The publication of Mickiewicz's Sonnets from the Crimea _____ is uaually taken as the beginning of Romanticism in Polish literature.参考答案：错误8：[判断题]10. Beethoven's Symphony No. 9 is a choral symphony, choosing as a text for the finale Shiller's Ode to Joy.参考答案：正确9：[判断题]8. Goya was among the first ones in European art history to comment in his art on the events of the day.参考答案：正确10：[判断题]9. Delacroix was among the first ones in European art history to comment in his art on the events of the day.参考答案：正确11：[论述题]1.Dadaism2. The Human Comedy参考答案：1. Dadaism or Dada is a post-World War I cultural movement in visual art as well as literature (mainly poetry), theatre and graphic design. The movement was, among other things, a protest against the barbarism of the War and what Dadaists believed was an oppressive intellectual rigidity in both art and everyday society; its works were characterized by a deliberate irrationality and the rejection of the prevailing standards of art. It influenced later movements including Surrealism.2. The Human Comedy is the title of Honoréde Balzac's (1799?1850) multi-volume collection of interlinked novels and stories depicting French society in the period of the Restoration and the July Monarchy (1815?1848).。

myths& the Bible- Introduction-2013-1 希腊罗马神话

Culture
… …
Language
… …
Lan gua ge
Culture
culture stories from myths &
the Bible
Q3. Why should we work on these
two topics? The answer will be seen in Part I.
9. Prometheus (week5) 19. Birth of Jesus(week10) 10. Oedipus (week5) 20. Death of Jesus(week11)
No Textbook Reading Materials/Handouts Homework Internet/library Final Grades Attendance + Group Presentation + Final Exam

Greco-Roman Mythology
& the Bible
圣经与神话
Greco-Roman Mythology &
The Bible

Qian Yuan Suzie
qianyuans@
Introduction
Q1. What will we do in this course? Greco-Roman Mythology & The Bible
1. Poseidon (week2) 11. Perseus (week6)
2.Hades (week2)
12. Theseus (week6)
13. Atalanta (week7)
3.Athena (week3)

Idioms and the Bible

Idioms and the BibleAn idiom is a peculiar expression of everyday speech that attempts says one thing but mean something else. Sometimes we use idioms to soften blows or be kind about another's feelings; other times we use idioms and don't even know we're using them.I am sure that at one time or another you have used or heard these American idioms: "I'm going to hit the sack (or hay)," or "I'm going to sack out." Have you ever known anyone who has been in "hot water" for weeks and months "on end"? Or perhaps someone you know has been "up in the air" for several days over a business deal.We "blow our tops", "lose our marbles," and "become hot under the collar". Have you or a friend ever been in "a pickle", "a jam", or "out on a limb?" Have you ever paid "an arm and a leg" for some item? Some of us dress ourselves "fit to kill." We put "bugs in people's ears," and ask them to "get off our backs." Sometimes we go around with a "chip on our shoulder."The truth is that most of the time we carry on even important conversations using idiomatic expressions without stopping to think about it. Try for a day "to catch yourself" every time you "spout" anidiom. You will be surprised how often you say one thing but mean something else.A long time ago there was a radio program called "Life with Luigi." The entire format of this half hour program built itself around the most outrageous use of idioms. The show's "gags" were structured entirely on American idioms. Poor Luigi would often understand these Americanisms only at "face value."Luigi was an Italian immigrant who spoke "broken" English. Any one episode illustrates how literally he took our English phrases of speech: Luigi had just received his driver's license, and, while driving home, he decided to make a "U" turn. However, there was a sign posted that forbade "U" turns at that intersection.A motorcycle officer saw Luigi make the "U" turn, chased him down, brought him back to the sign, and questioned him about his ability to read. Luigi happily replied, "I can a-read anyding." the officer then asked him to read the street sign. Quickly and proudly, though nervously, the Italian began to read aloud, "Its-a-say, No U a-Turn" The patrol officer questioned, "Do you know what that means?" With great emphasis, Luigi answered,"Yes sir, No You-A-Turn means its'-a-My Turn."Interestingly, in our thinking we are often exactly like Luigi while reading and interpreting the Bible. We mistakenly understand biblical idioms literally . There are over a thousand known idioms in the Bible. Unfortunately for us, many of the older translations -- like the KJV -- translated them faithfully and accurately, but literally. Therefore, their true meanings are misconstrued. Allow me to illustrate what I mean by reference to an Hebraic (ie, Jewish) idiomatic turn of phrase that we find so common today.Have you ever said "I'm so hungry I could eat a horse?" Or, have you ever said "I'm starving to death!" I have ... and, yet, just a glance at me would easily confirm that I'm at least 9 months of drastic fasting away from starving to death. When we express ourselves this way, we are exaggerating to make a point ... that we are VERY hungry.The authors of the Old Testament did this kind of thing all the time. For example, when they make reference to tens of thousands of solders who fought and died in certain battles -- and particularly inJoshua -- what we're looking at is "Semitic hyperbole," or the habit of the Hebrew people to make their point by exaggeration. These are idiomatic "turns of phrase."。

The Bible and Christianity

The Bible and ChristianityRoom 206 Lydia Judaism, Christianity and Islam are the three great religions of the world originated in the area of the Hebrews. Christianity is the most influential in the West. The Bible is the most popular book in the culture of mankind. It is the essential of western civilization, having shaped the western civilization more decisively than anything else ever written. It is much more than a religious book. Every phase of man ‘s life is touched by this religion, so much so that it has become part and parcel of Western culture.The Bible is a collection of religious writings comprising two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The former is about God and the Laws of God; the latter, the doctrine of Jesus Christ.It is not a single book, but a collection of 66 books, different in style, content, subject of matter, and point of view.The Old Testament consists of 39 books, the oldest and most important of which are the first five books, called Pentateuch.Though it is clear that the early Christians’notion of divine creation, their concern for God and salvation all stemmed from Hebrew roots, yet ever since its birth 2000 years ago, Christianity based itself on two forceful beliefs which separate it from all other religions.At the heart of Christianity is the life of Jesus: How he lived and died to redeem the whole human race.The New Testament was originally written in a popular form of Greek. And the New Testament consists of 27 books.They were believed to have been written by Matthew, Mark, Luke and John---4 of Jesus early followers. The first four books of the New Testament describing the life, death, and resurrection of Jesus and recording his teaching. Then come: the Acts of the Apostles, a history of the early Christian movement. The Epistles, or letters to the church around the Mediterranean; and lastly the book of Revelation a visionary account of the final triumph of God’s purpose.。

Bible 介绍

礼拜视频1./v_show/id_XMTE0NzU3MDg4.html2./v_show/id_XMzMxNTM0NTU2.html相关词汇：PriestChristianity 基督教Christendom 基督教界Catholicism 天主教Protestantism 新教,耶稣教Reformation 宗教改革Lutheranism 路德宗,信义宗Calvinism 加尔文宗,长老宗Anabaptism 再洗礼派Methodism 卫斯理宗,卫理公会Puritanism 清教主义Quakerism 贵格会Judaism 犹太教Islamism 伊斯兰教Brahmanism, Brahminism 婆罗门教Buddhism 佛教Daoism 道教paganism 异端fetishism 拜物教faith 信仰worship, adoration 崇拜devotion, devoutness 朝拜piety 虔诚prayer 祈祷invocation 祈求offering 布施fervour 热情(美作:fervor)mysticlsm 神秘主义contemplation 默祷blessedness福音ecstasy 销魂temptation 邪念,诱惑blasphemy, profanation 亵渎sacrilege 亵渎神明anathema 革除教门impiety 不虔诚,不敬神lack of faith 不信教,不信神atheism 无神论conversion 改宗the Bible 圣经the Old Testament 旧约the New Testament 新约the Gospel 福音the Koran 古兰经the T almud 犹太法典abbey 大修道院,大教堂basilica 大教堂cathedral 教堂,主教座堂church 教堂,礼拜堂chapel 小教堂synagogue 犹太教堂collegiate church 牧师会主持的教堂nave 教堂中殿transept 教堂的十字型翼部temple 庙宇sanctuary 圣所,神殿convent 女修道院monastery, cloister 修道院mosque 清真寺hermitage 偏僻的寺院high altar 祭坛pagoda 塔,佛塔choir唱诗班cross 十字架icon 圣像monstrance 圣体匣tabernacle 圣体龛ciborium, pyx 圣体容器,圣饼盒chalice 圣杯font 洗礼池holy-water basin 圣水池aspergillum 圣水掸酒器censer, thurible 香炉pulpit 讲道台stained glass window 彩色玻璃窗rose window 圆花窗fresco 壁画mass 弥撒High Mass 大弥撒sung mass 唱诗弥撒Low Mass 诵经弥撒vespers 夕祷litany 连祷sermon 讲经psalm 圣诗canticle 赞美诗Via Crucis, Way of the Cross 十字架路,耶稣赴难路procession 宗教游行Rosary 念珠宗教起源/s/blog_5474a9610100napw.html世界文明起源于公元前3500年左右，大约1000年的时间，文明局限在两河流域和尼罗河流域。

欧洲文化名词解释

Unit one Greek Culture and Roman Culture1. Herodotus: He was one of the great Greek historians. He was called”father of history”. He wrote wars between Greeks and Persians.2. Socrates: he was one of the great philosophers of ancient Greece. His philosophy took the aim to reach the conclusion of oneself. He thought that virtues was knowledge. His thought was recorded in Dialogue by Plato. He devised the dialectical method.3.Aristotle: he was one of the great philosophers of ancient Greece, pupil of Plato. He thought that theory should follow fact. His major works are Ethics, Politics, Poetics and Rhetoric.4. Plato: he was one of the great philosophers of ancient Greece, pupil of Socrates. He built up a comprehensive system of philosophy. His philosophy is called idealism. Among his Dialogues, the most famous books are the Apology, the Republic and Symposium.5. Dialectical method: It was devised by ancient Greek philosopher Socrates. It is a method of argument, by questions and answers.6. Diogenes: He was one of the Cynic’s leaders in ancient Greece. He decided to live like a dog. The word “cynic”means ”dog” in Greek. He rejected all conventions, advocate self-sufficiency and extreme simplicity in life.7. Stoics: It was one of four ancient Greek schools of philosophers. To them, the most important thing in life was “duty”. It developed into the theory that one should endure hardship and misfortune with courage. The chief Stoic was Zeno.8. Doric style: It is one of three ancient Greek architecture styles. It is also called the masculine style. It is sturdy, powerful, severe-looking and showing a good sense of proportions and numbers.9. Homer: Ancient Greeks considered Homer to be the author of their epics. He probably lived around 700 BC. His major works are Iliad and Odyssey.Unit two The Bible and Christianity1. The Bible: The Bible is a collection of religious writings, comprising two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The former is about God and the laws of God; the latter is about the doctrine of Jesus Christ.2. The Old Testament: The Bible was divided into two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The Old Testament is about the God and the Laws of God. The word “Testament’ means “agreement”, the agreement between God and Man.3. The New Testament: The Bible was divided into two parts: the Old Testament and the New Testament. The New Testament is about the doctrine of Jesus Christ. The word “Testament’ means “agreement”, the agreement between God and Man.4. Pentateuch: The first five books in the Old Testament are called Pentateuch. The five books are Genesis, Leviticus, Exodus, Numbers and Deuteronomy.5. Genesis: Genesis is one of the five books in Pentateuch in the Old Testament. It tells about a religious account of the origin of the Hebrews people, including the origin of the world and of man.6. Commandment: After the Hebrews formed into a great nation, they left the desert and entered the mountainous Sinai. Moses climbed to the top of the mountain to receive God message, which came to be known as the Ten Commandments.7. Noah’s Ark: People on earth became more and more corrupt, so the God decided to destroy them in a great flood, except Noah who kept faith in God. Noah followed God’s instructions to build an ark to protect him and his kin. 40 days later, only those sheltered in the ark survived.8. The fall of man: God created Adam and Eve, who lived in happiness in the Garden of Eden. One day, at the temptation of the Serpent, Eve and Adam ate fruits from the forbidden tree. Then, they were driven out of Eden. Thus man’s story of misfortune and hardships began.9. The prophets: For more than a thousand years in the Middle East there had been a class of people known as “prophets” or the spokesmen of God. The prophets can be grouped into the Major Prophets and Minor Prophets.10. The four accounts in the New Testament: The four accounts are the first four books in the New Testament. They were written by four of Jesus’ early followers. They tell of the birth, teaching, death and Resurrection of Jesus.11. King James’ version of Bible: It is the most influential English Bible. It is also called the “Authorized ” version. It was produced by 54 biblical scholars at the command of King James, and published in 1611.Unit three the Middle Ages1.The Middle Ages: It refers to the period between the 5th century and 15th century. During this times, there was no central government to keep the order. The only organization united Europe was the Christian church. Thus, the Middle Ages is also called the “Age of Faith”.2.Feudalism:In Europe, it was mainly a system of land holding---a system of holding land in exchange for military service. The word “feudalism” was derived from the Latin “feudum”, a grant of land.3. Code of Chivalry: In the Middle Ages, as a night, he was pledged to protect the weak, to fight for the church, to be loyal to his lord and to respect women of noble birth. These rules were known as code of chivalry.4. Dubbing: After a knight was successful in his trails and tournaments, there was a special ceremony to award him with a title, knight. This ceremony is called dubbing.5. The Catholic Church: In the Middle Ages, almost all Europeans belonged to the Catholic Church. Pope was the head of the Church. The Church had great influence on people’s daily life and the western thinking.6. The Crusades: In 1071,Turkish Moslems attacked the Christian pilgrims in Palestine, killing many of them. This news roused great indignation among Christians in western Europe. The result was a series of holy wars called the Crusades.7. Aflred the Great: He was the ruler of the Anglo-Saxon of Wessex. He contributed greatly to the medieval European culture.8. National epic: It refers to the epic written in vernacular languages. The languages of various national states came into being in the Middle Ages.9. The Divine Comedy: It was written by the greatest poet of Italy, Dante. It is one of the landmarks of the world literature. It is a Christian poem and expresses the idea of humanism.10. Gothic:It started in France and spread through western Europe. It flourished and lasted from the 12th century to 15th century. It was an outgrowth of the Romanesque. The Gothic cathedrals soared high. They were decorated with beautiful stained glass windows.11. Dante: He was the greatest poet of Italy. His masterpiece, the Divine Comedy, is one of the landmarks of the world literature.Unit four Renaissance and Reformation1. Renaissance: It refers to the period between the 14th and mid 17th century. “Renaissance” means revival, specifically, revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture. In this period, Humanists tried to introduce new ideas that expressed the interest of the rising bourgeoisie.2. Humanism:It is the essence of Renaissance. Humanists believed that human beings had rights to pursue wealth and pleasure and they admired the beauty of human body. This belief shifted man’s interest from Christianity to humanity, from heaven to earth, from the beauty of God to beauty of human.3.Leonard da Vinci: he was an Italian painter, sculptor, architect, musician, engineer and scientist. He was a Renaissance man in the true sense of the word. He had great influence on the painters of his own generation, and generations to follow. His major works are Last Super and Mona Lisa.4. Michelangelo: He was an Italian sculptor, painter, architect and poet. He was a towering figure of the Renaissance. His major works are David, Moses and Sistine Chapel.5. Raphael: He was one of the major painters of the Renaissance. He was best known for his Madonna. Because of his Madonnas with sweet expression, he came to be known as the elegant Raphael.6. Boccaccio: He was a close friend of Petrarch. He devoted himself to reintroduce Greek works. His greatest work was the Decameron.7. Petrarch: He was a great figure in Italian literature and a great humanist. He was a courtier and a diplomat. He was good at not only in lyric poetry but also at prose. He was best known for Canzoniers.8. Reformation: It was a religious movement as well as a socio-political movement in the 16th century. It was led by Martin Luther and swept the whole Europe. It gave a fatal blow to the Roman Catholic Church, and paved the way for capitalism.9. Martin Luther: He was the German leader of the Protestant Reformation. His doctrine marked the first break in the unity of the Catholic Church. His held that Bible was the supreme authority, all believers were priests, and all occupations were holy.10. John Calvin: He was a French man, one of the leaders of the Protestant Reformation. His thoughts was called as Calvinism. His made a great influence in England, Scotland and the Netherlands.11. Calvinism: It was established by Calvin. It held the absolute authority of the God’s will. It believed that only those elected by God are saved, and any form of sinfulness was a sigh of damnation, whereas hard word could be a sign of salvation.12. Couter-Reformation: During the Reformation, the Roman Catholic Church had lost its control over many places in Europe. The Church introduced reforms to bring back its life. Those improvements did work and the Roman Catholic Church did re-establish itself to some degree. 13. Copernicus: He was a Polish astronomer. He believed that the earth and other planets orbit about the sun and earth is not at the center of the universe. He was known as “father of modern astronomy”. His famous book was14. William Shakespeare: He is the greatest poet and dramatist in English literature. He was a man of the late Renaissance. His works including Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth exerted great influence on the world literature.15. Columbus: He was a Italian navigator. Under the patronage of the royal family of Spain, he sailed west to reach the orient. He left Palos in 3 August,1492 with three ships and reached the Bahamas on 12 October 1492.16. Machiavelli: He was an author and a statesman. He was called “father of political science” in the west. By his famous books, Prince and Discourses, he expressed his ideas of liberty and democracy.Unit five The Seventeenth Century1. Galilei: He was a great Italian physicist of the 17th century. He was the first person to apply the telescope to the study of the skies. His discoveries were recorded in his famous book, the Starry Messenger.2. Bacon: He was an English philosopher, essayist and statesman. The famous sentence“knowledge is power”comes from him.His major works are the Advancement of Learning, the New Atlantis, the New Method and Essays.3. Thomas Hobbes: He was an English author. He was best known for Leviathan, one of the most famous political treatises. During the English Revolution, because of his royalist convictions, he took refuge in France.4. John Locke: He was a great English political philosopher. He inherited and developed the materialist views from Bacon and Hobbes. His famous books are Essays Concerning Human Understanding and Treatises of Civil Government.（2007年名词解释)5. Hobbes’ Materialist Views: He held that our knowledge comes from experience, and only material things are perceptible and knowable to us.6. Hobbes’s political thought: He held that men are enemies and at war with each other. In order to get men out of the war, there should be a common power backed by force and able to punish. He preferred monarchy.7. Lock’s Materialist Views: He held that all our ideas are ultimately derived from sensation or from reflection, and all our knowledge comes from experience.8. Lock’s Political Philosophy:treatises of Civil Government, he rejected the theory of divine right of kings, he set forth the true origin of government, he firmly believed in natural rights.9.10. The English Revolution: with the growth of capitalism,in 1642, the Civil War broke out between the king the Parliament. Led by Cromwell, the English bourgeoisie won the victory. Charles I was captured and beheaded in 1649 and a republic was born.11. The Glorious Revolution: Charles II was planing to turn England into a Catholic country. In 1688, the representatives of the Parliament negotiated with the Dutch king William and Mary, who was a member of the English royal family and a Protestant. Thus the English throne was offered to William and Mary and the restoration ended.12. The Bill of Rights: It was enacted by the English Parliament in 1689. It established the supremacy of the Parliament and put an end to divine monarchy. It limited the Sovereign’s power in some directions.13. Descartes: He was a French philosopher, physicist and mathematician. It is believed that modern philosophy begins with Bacon in England and with Descartes in France. His major works are Discourse on Method and Rules for the Direction of the Mind.14. Baroque Art: It flourished in Italy, and then spread to Spain, Portugal, France, Flander and the Netherlands. It was characterized by dramatic intensity and sentimental appeal with a lot of emphasis on light and color. The representatives are Bernini, Borromini and Peter Paul Rubens. Unit six The Age of Enlightenment1. Enlightenment: It was an intellectual movement originating in France and then spread though the Europe and North America in the second half of the 18th century. It is sometimes called the Age of Reason, because the writers used critical reason to free minds.2. The First Industrial Revolution: It took place in England between 1760 and 1840. It began with the invention of the steam engine. It rapidly changed the face of the world and ushered in a completely new age.3. French Revolution:In 1789, the people in Paris seized the Bastille. This event marked the end of the French monarchy. The guiding document of the revolution called Declaration of the Rights of Man. It established bourgeois democracy.4. Montesquieu: He was a French philosopher in 18th century. He was a great French man of letters associated with the Enlightenment. His famous works are Persian Letters and The Spirit of the Laws.5. The Spirit of the Laws: It was written by French philosopher Montesquieu in 18th century. It believed that the legislative, executive and judicial powers must be confided to different individuals or bodies,acting independently. The book has a great influence in the Western world even to this day.6. Voltaire: He was a French poet, dramatist and philosopher. He was noted for his characteristic wit, satire and critical capacity. His famous works are Letters Anglaise and Candide.7. Rousseau: He was a philosopher, and one of the greatest figures of the French Enlightenment. He glorified human nature and attacked social inequality. He was best known for his works including Emile, The Confessions, and The Social Contract.8. Rousseau’s The Social Contrat: It held that a society able to cultivate the individuals’moral stature without injuring his freedom. He believed that a social contract is established when each individual gave his rights to a general will. The book ended with a claim for social democracy.9. Henry Fielding: He was an English novelist, dramatist and essayist. He was called by Walter Scott the “father of the English novel”. His masterpiece was Tom Jones.10. Diderot: He was a French philosopher of the 18th century and man of letters. His famous works are Encyclopedia, Philosophical Thoughts, Letters on the Blind.11. Rococo Art: It is usually associated with architecture and interior decoration. It is characterized by elaborate ornamentation imitating shellwork. It has a curing and elastic pattern. The representatives are Watteau and Boucher.12. Kant: He was a German philosopher. He was the key figure of the German classical philosophy, and he is sometimes called the “waterhead of modern philosophy”. His famous works are Critique of Pure Reason, Critique of Practical Reason and Critique of Judgment.13. The Viennese School: Haydn, Mozart and Beethoven.Unit seven Romanticism1. Romanticism: It was a movement in literature, philosophy, music and art. It developed in Europe in the late 18th and early 19th century. It emphasized individual values and aspirations. It gave impetus to the national liberation movement in 19th century Europe.2. The lakers: English Romantic poets Wordsworth and Coleridge were best known as Lakers. The reason why they were called as Lakes is that they lived in the Lake District.Unit eight Marxism and DarwinismHegel: He was a German philosopher. He held that universe is subject to a constant progress of change and that activity is basic; progress is rational and logic is the basic of world progress. Such thoughts were recorded in his book Phenomenology.Darwinism: It refers to Darwin’s theory of evolution, the essence of which is natural selection. This idea had been touched upon by several scientists. Darwinism had great influence on biology, theology and social science.Marxism: It was born in the 19th century from European culture. It was developed from the German classical philosophy, utopia socialism as well as english and french political economy. It can be divided into 3 sections: Marxist philosophy, Marxist political economy and Marxist socialism.Unit night Realism1. Realism: it is a literary movement in Europe and the US in the last half of the 19th century and the early 20th century. It language was usually simple, clear and direct, while the tone was often comic, frequently satiric.2. Balzac: He was a french realist. He has been called “the French Dickens”. He grew up under the regime of Napoleon. The three best-known of his 90 novels in the Human Comedy are Eugenie Grandet, La Cousine Bette and Le Pere Goriot.3. Flaubert: he is one of the great literary artist of the 19th century. Though less fertile and wide-ranging than Balzac, he is much more of a conscious artist whose work constitutes an epoch in the history of the art of fiction. His work is Madame Bovary.4. Zola: He was a french author. He was the founder of the naturalist school. He believed almost blindly scientific determinism. His theory of naturalism was recorded in Les Rougen-Macquarts.5. Tolstoy: He was a Russian realistic novelist. He made the Russian realistic novelist a literary genre that ranks in importance with classical Greek tragedy and Elizabethan drama. His famous works are War and Peace, Anna Karenina, Resurrection.6. Van Gogh: He was a Dutch impressionist painter, who stresses the expression of his subject emotions in his paintings. His famous works are Starry Night, Sunflower, The Night Cafe.Unit ten Modernism1.Modernism: It was a international movement in all the creative arts, originating about the end of the 19th century. It was made up of manyfacets, such as symbolism. surrealism, cubism, expressionism, futurism, ect.2. Freud: He was an Austrian physician and neurologist. He was “the father of psychoanalysis”. He emphasized the unconscious, Id, Ego and Superego. His books -------has a profound influence on the modernist movement.3. The Lost Generation: It refers to a group of young intellectuals who came back from WWI, were injured both physically and mentally. The best representatives of the lost generation was Ernest Hemingway.4. Hemingway: He was an American novelist short story writer of the 20th century. He was awarded the Noble Prize in 1954. His famous works includes The Sun Also Rises, A Farewell to Arms, the Old Man and the Sea.5. The Beat Generation: The Beat Generation in America refers to a group of American youngsters who refused to accept “respectability” and conventional social behaviors and who cultivated a rootless manner of living. The representatives are Ginsberg and Keroual.6. Angry Young Men: It was a term referring to a group of English writers who found themselves to be social misfits. It was represented by John Osborne’s play Look Back in Anger and Amis’s novel Lucky Jim.7. The Theatre of the absurd: It is a term referring to the works of some European playwrights of the 1950s and 60s. Their language is often dislocated. The Theatre of the Absurd is represented by Beckett’s Waiting for Godot.8. Black Humor: It is a term derived from Black Comedy. It refers to some Western, especially American Post-World War II writers. Black humor is kind of desperate humor. It was represented by Joseph Heller’s Catch-22.。

8415_35 Common English Phrases from the Bible

35 Common English Phrases from the BibleThe Bible has influenced and transformed many lives, leaving a mark forever on the lives of millions. The King James Version of the Bible has a special history because it was a common English version that was popular for many centuries, spanning from when it was first printed in 1611 to still being used extensively up through the 21st Century.The following common English phrases find their origins in Scripture, mostly from the King James Version.Bite the Dust from Psalm 72:9, “They that dwell in the wilderness shall bow before him; and his enemies shall lick the dust.” (KJV)The Blind Leading the Blind Matthew 15:13-14, “Let them alone: they be blind leaders of the blind. And if the blind lead the blind, both shall fall into the ditch.”By the Skin of Your Teeth from Job 19:20. The Geneva Bible translated the Hebrew Literally which read, “I have escaped with the skin of my teeth.”Broken Heart from Psalm 34:18, ” The Lord is nigh unto them that are of a broken heart; and saveth such as be of a contrite spirit” (KJV).Can a Leopard Change his spots? from Jeremiah 13:23 (KJV), “Can the Ethiopian change his skin, or the leopard his spots? then may ye also do good, that are accustomed to do evil.”Cast the First Stone from John 8:7, “And as they continued to ask him, he stood up and said to them, “Let him who is without sin among you be the first to throw a stone at her.”Drop in a Bucket from Isaiah 40:15 declaring God’s sovereignty and power over the nations, “Behold, the nations are as a drop of a bucket, and are counted as the small dust of the balance: behold, he takes up the isles as fine dust” (ESV).Eat, Drink, and Be Merry from Ecclesiastes 8:15, “because a man hath no better thing under the sun, than to eat, and to drink, and to be merry: for that shall abidewith him of his labor the days of his life, which God giveth him under the sun.”Eye for Eye, Tooth for tooth from Matthew 5:38, “Ye have heard that it hath been said, An eye for an eye, and a tooth for a tooth.”Fall From Grace from Galatians 5:4, “Christ is become of no effect unto you, whosoever of you are justified by the law; ye are fallen from grace.”Fly in the Ointment from Ecclesiastes 10:1 (KJV), “Dead flies cause the ointment of the apothecary to send forth a stinking savour: so doth a little folly him that is in reputation for wisdom and honour.””For Everything there is a Season from Ecclesiastes 3. Ecclesiastes 3 is also the motivation for the song “Turn! Turn! Turn!” by the Byrds.Forbidden Fruit from Genesis 3:3 when Adam and Eve were commanded not to eat from the tree of the Knowledge of Good and Evil. “But of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, God hath said, Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die.”Go the extra mile from Matthew 5:41 that says, “And whosoever shall compel thee to go a mile, go with him twain” (KJV).Good Samaritan from Luke 10:30-37, the Parable of the Good Samaritan.He who lives by the sword, dies by the sword from Matthew 26:52, “Then said Jesus unto him, Put up again thy sword into his place: for all they that take the sword shall perish with the sword.”How the Mighty have Fallen from 1 Samuel 1:19, “The beauty of Israel is slain upon thy high places: how are the mighty fallen!”The Love of Money is the Root of All Evil from 1 Timothy 6:10 and is actually usually misquoted. Here is the ESV translation, “For the love of money is a root of all kinds of evils. It is through this craving that some have wandered away from the faith andpierced themselves with many pangs.”Nothing but skin and bones from Job 19:19-20, “All my intimate friends detest me; those I love have turned against me. I am nothing but skin and bones.”The Powers that Be from Romans 13:11 (KJV), “Let every soul be subject unto the higher powers. For there is no power but of God: the powers that be are ordained of God.”Pride comes before a fall from Proverbs 16:18, “Pride goeth before destruction, and an haughty spirit before a fall.” (KJV)Put words in one’s mouth from 2 Samuel 14:3, “And come to the king, and speak on this manner unto him. So Joab put the words in her mouth.”Rise and shine is from Isaiah 60:1, “Arise, shine, for your light has come, and the glory of the LORD rises upon you.”The Root of the Matter from Job 19:28 (KJV), “But ye should say, Why persecute we him, seeing the Root of the matter is found in me?”Scapegoat from the Old Testament Law (Leviticus 16:9-10 specifically) where a goat is chosen by lot to be sent into the desert to make atonement for sin.See eye to eye from Isaiah 52:8 (KJV), “Thy watchmen shall lift up the voice; with the voice together shall they sing: for they shall see eye to eye, when the LORD shall bring again Zion.”Sign of the times from Matthew 16:3 (KJV), “And in the morning, It will be foul weather to day: for the sky is red and lowering. O ye hypocrites, ye can discern the face of the sky; but can ye not discern the signs of the times?”Straight and Narrow from Matthew 7:14, “But small is the gate and narrow the road that leads to life, and only a few find it.”Twinkling of an Eye from 1 Corinthians 15:52, “In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed.”There’s nothing new under the sun from the book of Ecclesiastes. Ecclesiastes 1:9 (KJV) says, “The thing that hath been, it is that which shall be; and that which is done is that which shall be done: and there is no new thing under the sun.”Wash your hands of the matter from Matthew 27:24 (KJV), “When Pilate saw that he could prevail nothing, but that rather a tumult was made, he took water, and washed his hands before the multitude, saying, I am innocent of the blood of this just person: see ye to it.”Weighed in the balance from Job 31:6, “Let me be weighed in an even balance that God may know mine integrity.”Wit’s End from Psalm 107:27 (KJV), “They reel to and fro, and stagger like a drunken man, and are at their wits’ end.” And the Psalm does not refer to the Whit’s End with the Imagination Station.Wolves in Sheep’s Clothing from Matthew 7:15 (KJV), “Beware of false prophets, which come to you in sheep’s clothing, but inwardly they are ravening wolves.”Writings on the Wall from Daniel 5. “The writing is on the wall” is now a popular idiom for “something bad is about to happen”.。

The Bible__Chinese into English

圣经起初，神创造天地。

地是空虚沌; 深渊上一片黑暗；神的灵运行在水面上。

神说：“要有光！”就有了光。

神看光是好的，他就把光暗分开了。

神称光为昼；称暗为夜。

有晚上，有早上；这是第一日。

神说：“众水之间要有穹苍，把水和水分开！”事就这样成了。

神创造了穹苍，把穹苍以上和穹苍以上的水分开了。

神称穹苍为天。

有晚上，有早晨；这是第二日。

神说：“天下的水要聚一处，使旱地露出来！”事就这样成了。

神称：“旱地为地，称水的聚处为海。

神看这是好的。

神说地上要长出青草，结种子的蔬菜和结果子的树木，各从其类，在地上的果子都包，着核！”事就这样成了。

于是，地上长出了青草和结种子的蔬菜，各从其类；又长出结果子的树木，各从其类，果子都包着核。

神看这是好的。

有晚上，有早晨；这是第三日。

神说：“天上穹苍中，要有光体来分昼夜，这些光体要作为记号，定节令，日子和年岁。

它们要在天上穹苍中发光，照耀大地！”事就这样成了。

于是，神造了两个大光体，大的管昼，小的管夜；又造了星星。

神把这些光体安放在天上穹苍中照耀地上。

管昼夜，分光暗。

神看这是好的。

有晚上，有早晨；这是第四日。

神说：“水要滋长生物；地上和天空之中要有雀鸟飞翔！”于是神创造了大鱼和在水中能滋生各种能活动的生物。

各从其类我；又创造了各种有翅膀的飞鸟，各从其类。

神看这是好的。

神就赐福给他们说：“要繁殖增多！” 有晚上，有早晨；这是第五日。

神说：“地上要活出物来，各从其类；牲畜，昆虫和地上的野兽，各从其类！事就这样成了。

地上的昆虫，各从其”；神看着是好的。

神说：“我们要照我们的形象，我们的样式造人。

”使他们管理海里的鱼，空中的鸟，地上的牲畜，以及全地和地上爬行的生物。

于是，神照着自己的形象造人；就照着他的形象创造了人，他所创造的有男有女。

神就赐福他们，对他们说：“要繁殖增多，充满这地，征服它；管理海里的鱼，空中的鸟和地上爬行的所有生物。

神说：“看哪！我把全地上结种子的各种蔬菜，和一切果树上有种子的果子，都赐给你们做食物。

Bible是什么意思Bible的中文意思

Bible是什么意思Bible的中文意思
英音 ['baibl] ;,美音 ['baibl] ;,名词圣经,the bible 圣经,the Bible n.基督教《圣经》,Bible paper n. 圣经纸,Bible Belt 美国中西部正统派教徒多的地带,bible leaf phr. 艾菊,Holy Bible 圣经,Bible belt 美国中西部正统派教徒多的地带,Douay Bible (天主教的)杜埃圣经(由拉丁文的Vulgate版本圣经译成英文者),douay bible (天主教的)杜埃圣经(由拉丁文的Vulgate版本圣经译成英文者,Bible institute 基督教大学,Bible n. 圣经,bible n.1.基督教的《圣经》（包括《旧约》和《新约》）2.有权威的书，权威著作（或参考书）3.犹太教的《圣经》（包括《法律书》、《先知书》以及《杂集》）4.层片岩,bible reader n. 读经者,Bible bashing n. 宣讲福音,bible worship n. 书籍崇拜，圣经崇拜，书迷,Bible thumping n. 宣讲福音。

综合教程一unit 15 Salvation

外国语学院综合英语(一年级)授课教案（六学时）授课教师：孟祥春课程名称：综合英语学期：2007-2008学年第1学期教学对象：英语专业一年级指定教材：何兆雄.《综合教程》. 上海：上海外语教育出版社，2005.Unit 15 Salvation教学目标：Part I1）掌握与课文密切相关的知识、语言与文化背景，如作者、基督与“原罪”等；2）对文章的内容进行多层次的解读与赏析；Part II3）理性把握语言与语体风格, 学习把握文章的组织推进，如deductive method；4）了解《圣经》与西方/英语文学艺术、文化、语言等之间的密切关系；着重了解《圣经》对英语语言的影响，以具体生动的实例说明，鼓励学生拓展视野，提高自身的人文素养。

5) 培养学生的“视角”意识：如black people vs. Negro；sin vs. crime；salvation vs. Rescue；6) 培养学生的“比较与对比”意识：如sin, God, love等的本土化特征；如Chronological Ordervs. Flashback; Environmental elements in English and Chinese writing, respectively；Part III7) Presentation: 锻炼学生的口语/演讲能力, 拓展思维, 强化语言的创造性使用；8）练习讲评: 查漏补阙, 巩固知识, 拓展思路，答疑解惑。

9) 补充材料，拓展视野，融汇贯通。

******************************************************************************* Part I (2 Class Hours)Session 11. Lead-up: Salvation: A brief introduction1.1. About the Wtriter: Langston HughesLangston Hughes (1902-1967), was, still is, and will always be a well-remembered modern American black poet and writer for his poetic talents and passion, his merry and rhythmical style, his bold divergence form traditional poetry, his compassion for the poor and the underprivileged, and his depiction of the life of black Americans.Dreams: One of the most read poems by Langston Hughes in China.Hold fast to dreamsFor if dreams dieLife is a broken-winged birdThat cannot flyHold fast to dreamsFor when dreams goLife is a barren fieldFrozen with snow(two stanzas from the poem. One or two students may be invited to give the general idea of the poem, to see whether they have caught and understood it properly. )1.2. About Jesus ChristGod: the Creator/the First Cause/ Our Maker (creation); The Almighty/omnipotent, the Most High, One above, Supreme being, the Everlasting, Judge, Providence, etc.Jesus: the man of sorrows, prince of peace, beloved/only begotten son, the Carpenter’s son, Christ, the Good/Great shepherd.1.3. About the Bible (Christianity)1) The title of the text: Salvation—savior--- Jesus/GodA Core Concept in Christianity: original sin2) The Bible: As you will come to realize, western civilization has three major origins and pillars, namely, Greek democracy, rationalism, and Christianity. The Bible, for its literary, poetic, aesthetic, ethical, historical and philosophical values, has greatly influenced English literature, and almost all forms of arts, particularly painting, sculpture, architecture, movies, etc.. Admittedly, the language of the Bible has found its way into pure literature, newspaper reports, movies and even daily conversations. So, without a good understanding of the fundamentals of the Bible, it would be practically impossible to familiarize yourself with the culture beneath the English language and beyond. (Fortunately, we will have a multi-perspective reading of the text through which we will try to explore some relevant core concepts concerning the Bible, so as to better prepare us for a more thorough and in-depth study of English as a language and a culture as well.)1.4 About the Text：A guess1.5 Text Study: the first 2 or 3 paragraphsWords and expressions in focusSalvation：Save fromRevivalPreachHardenedBy leaps and boundsSesson 21.Text Study1.1．Text Study and Language Points in FocusFoldEscortMournerRhythmicalSermonLeave outBe left out in the coldHold outBraidPrayerButAltarDeaconSwirlCongregationMightyWailSerenelySobHold upGrinTake one’s name in vainBreak intoRejoiceQuiet downPunctuateEcstaticBlessJoyous1.2 An appreciation of the beauties and subtleties of some wordsP1. Beginning of the story: Sin, revival, preaching, hardened, fold (Metaphorical use: cross, lamb, shepherd, take shelter/refuge, light, salt ), escort, yet, etc.P2. inside, See(image), hear (the call, voice), feel (tenderness, love, care, presence)P3. rhythmical sermon. Young lambs: need protection and comfort. Aestheticization of religion. Allusion: Ninety and nine safe in the fold.P5. See (stubborn and lovely)P7---P12. congregation, serenely, waiting, lying in the temple, “So I got up”P13. the congregation’s reaction: a big ironyP14. Quieted down：hush, ecstatic Amen；Amen: a symbol, a call: 如：“尊贵名，何等美。

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《旧约全书》

《旧约》又称《希伯莱圣经》，讲述了万物和人类的起源，以及古希伯莱人的神话传说。
《新约全书》
《新约》是基督教经典，记载了耶稣的生平，教戒以及使徒们的行事。
圣经《旧约全书》
约希伯莱人与上帝立约
《新约全书》
基督徒与上帝立约
经典犹太教经典
内容上帝创造万物和人类、希伯莱人的古代传说
基督教经典
记载耶稣生平、福音传播

基督教徒继承犹太教经典，取名为《旧约全书》，而把自己的经典称为《新约全书》。表明前者是希伯莱人与上帝的立约，后者是基督徒与上帝的立约，两部经典统称《圣经》。
Judaism
犹太教
同源性
基督教
Christianity
《圣经》的影响力

《圣经》是基督教的教义，是基督教教徒的教科书。与古希腊文学同为西方文学的源头。是西方社会文化的基础，也是了解西方社会文化的基础。《圣经》中的故事广为流传，形成了大量的英语习语，丰富了英语的口头和书面表达。
《圣经》的内容

《圣经》（The Bible）的核心实质是认为人的生命和宇宙都是上帝所创造, 包括《旧约全书》（The Old Testament）和《新约全书》（The New Testament）两部分。
圣经
The Holy Bible
《圣经》的影，已经销出三万万五千万册，现已译成一千一百余种语言，是被最广泛阅读的书。莎士比亚作品里有500多个概念和用语是直接引自《圣经》。昔日有人问维多利亚女王治国之道，她就指圣经为“大不列颠之宪法”。狄更斯：《圣经》永远是一本好书。德国著名的文豪歌德说：“若我进了监狱，而只允许我带一本书，我必选择圣经。”