仁爱英语八年级下7、8单元语法总结

仁爱英语八年级下册7、8单元语法总结一、宾语从句宾语是句子的一个重要成分，它可以由名词、代词、名词短语或句子充当。

当一个句子充当宾语时，这个句子就被称为宾语从句。

宾语从句与主句之间由连接词来连接。

学习宾语从句，要注意以下三个方面，即引导词、语序和时态。

1、引导词引导宾语从句的引导词按所引导的句子结构特点可以分为三类：（1）t hat引导的宾语从句，that在宾语从句中无意义，不充当任何成分，在口语和非正式文体中常省略，这种宾语从句常是陈述句变化而来的。

I think (that) he is right. 我认为他是对的。

The teacher says, “ It is a good book.”The teacher says that it is a good book. 老师说这是一本好书。

I know that they come from China. 我知道他们来自中国。

（2）由if/ whether 引导的宾语从句由if或whether引导的宾语从句，if或whether在句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用，但不能省略。

在句中翻译成“是否”。

这种宾语从句常是一般疑问句转化而来的。

I am not sure whether/if there are UFOs.She asked, “ jim, do you like English ?”She asked jim if/ whether he liked English.(3)疑问词引导的宾语从句疑问词包括疑问代词（what, which, who, whose）和疑问副词（when, how, where, why）,疑问词在从句中充当成分，不可省略，这种宾语从句常是特殊疑问句转化而来的。

Could you tell me when they will arrive?I don't know who he isCould you tell me where the post office is?2.语序宾语从句要用陈述句语序，即主语在前，谓语在后。

如：Does he like Time English Post? Do you know?合并成宾语从句Do you know if/ whether he likes Time English Post?What are they talking about? I want to know. 合并成宾语从句I want to know what they are talking about?3.时态当主句中的谓语动词是一般现在时态时，宾语从句中的时态不受主句影响。

当主句中的谓语动词是一般过去时态时，宾语从句则使用相应的过去时态。

I think that t can sell newspapers.I think I should have a talk with hei.I heard you had a bad cold注：如果宾语从句所表达的内容是客观真理或客观事实时，从句中的动词时态不受主句的谓语动词时态的限制。

The teacher said that the earth move s round the sun.He said he is forty专项训练（）1. I am sorry I am late.A.whomB. ifC. thatD. how( ) 2. he comes or not, I am not sure.A.whetherB. ifC. thatD. where( )3. I know he isn't a worker.A.ifB. whetherC. thatD. who( )4. could you tell me how long ?For two weeksA. have you borrowed this bookB. you have borrowed this bookC. you have kept this bookD. have you kept this book( ) 5. what did the teacher say?She askedA.what are you readingB.what you are readingC.what were you readingD.what you were readingII按要求完成句子1.He asked… when will they fly to Fuzhou?(连成宾语从句)2. Could you tell me… where does he live?(连成宾语从句)3. I want to know … how many children da they have? (连成宾语从句)4. When can jane finish the work? I don't know…(连成宾语从句)二、副词的比较等级1. 副词的比较等级的构成副词和形容词一样，也有原级、比较级和最高级三种形式。

副词的比较等级的变化与形容词比较等级的变化大致相同。

注意：若副词是通过形容词加后缀ly派生来的，比较级和最高级加more，most，但early中的ly不是后缀，因此其比较级和最高级不能加more，most。

2.副词比较等级的用法（1）原级的用法as+副词+as (和什么一样，同什么一样)He run as fast as me. 他和我跑的一样快。

Tom studies as hard as jim 汤姆和吉姆学习一样努力。

（2）比较级的用法①A…+比较级+than+B 表示A比B更She works harder than his brother. 她比他弟弟学习努力。

Lily wrote more carefully than lucy. 莉莉写的比露西更细心。

②表示一事物随另一事物的变化而变化，用the + 比较级。

，the+比较级。

，表示越什么就越什么The harder you work, the better you do(3) 最高级的用法（the）+副词最高级+in/of范围（副词最高级前的定冠词通常会省略，后面多接表示范围的介词短语）He runs (the) fastest in his class 他是班里跑的最快的。

Ann works (the) hardest among the eight girls. 安是八个女孩中工作最努力的Of all these songs, I like this one best. 在这些歌曲中，我最喜欢这首。

专项训练根据句意和括号中的副词提示进行翻译填空。

1. Steven speaks ____ (loudly) Amy does. 史蒂芬说话和艾米一样大声。

2. I will do ____ (well) next time. 我下次会做好一点。

3. Toby runs ____ (fast) you. 托比跑的和你一样快。

4. He worked ____ (hard) all the teachers. 他是所有老师中最努力工作的。

5. Please walk ____ (slowly). 请走慢一点。

6. She came here ____ (early) usual. 她来得比平时早。

7. We went ____ (far) you do. 我们走的比你远。

8. John played basketball ____ (frequently) I expected. 约翰比我预想的更经常打篮球。

9. I like spring ____ (well). 我最喜欢春天。

10.He stayed ____ (long) the group. 他是组里待的最久的。

11.It rained ____ (heavily).雨下的越来越大了。

副词的比较等级1.John speaks ________ Tom.A. more clearly thanB. clearlier thanC. clear as D clearly as2.Andrew can speak English ________ his teacher.A. so fluent asB. as fluent asC. as fluently asD. so fluently as3.Nancy talks _______ in her family.A. lessB. leastC. the lessD. as least as4.She doesn’t get up _________ her parents.A. as earlily asB. so early asC. so earlily asD. so earlier as5.Jake played the violin ________ in his class.A. betterB.more bestC. much the bestD. much the better6.Cars run ______ than bikes.A.fasterB. fastC. more fastlyD. fastly7.________ you work, ______ you learn.A. The hard; the moreB. Hard; muchC.Harder; moreD.The harder; the more 三．So…that… so that ….和such…that…1.such…that作“如此…以致”解，连接一个表示结果的状语从句。

与so…that 意思相同，但用法不同。

如：so…that这一结构中，so后边可加形容词或副词，而such后边要用名词（这个名词前面可以带形容词，也可以不带）。

因此，such…that的句型结构可分以下三种：1) such＋a(an)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that…clauseHe is such a clever boy that everybody likes him. 他非常聪明，大家都非常喜欢他。

He was such an honest man that he was praised by the teacher.他非常诚实，因而受到了老师的表扬。

2)such＋adj.＋复数可数名词＋that…clauseThey are such interesting novels that I want to read them once again.这些小说非常有趣，我想再读一遍。