Key to sentence combination1

合集下载

文体学整理

文体学整理

StylisticsIntroduction to stylistics: Necessity of the course1) the ultimate aim: cultivation of creative thinking2) general education3) an interdisciplinary field of study—involves the combining of the two or more academic field into one single discipline4) the study and interpretation of texts from a linguistic perspectiveChapter 1 Style and Stylistics1.1 A T aste of StyleStyle is considered an important factor in writing, and is an important part of a writing course. But often people payFrom the perspective of the users of the language, style is speakers addressing different people in different ways.From the perspective of the function of the text, style is the functions of texts for different purposes.The definition of style used in this book is a general, linguistic-oriented one: Manners indicating prominent liguistic features,features of different varieties of language at different levels. Stylistics is an inter ‗disciplinary(跨学科的,学科间的) field of2.Spelling. → Graphology3.Words. → Lexicon4.Grammar. → Syntax5.Meaning. → SemanticsSound features:Pun双关: Using the same sound to express different meanings in the same context.1. Seven days without water makes one weak. 七天不进水,人就会虚弱。

英语绘本教学实践性(3篇)

英语绘本教学实践性(3篇)

第1篇In the realm of language education, the use of English picture books has become increasingly popular due to their engaging narratives, vibrant illustrations, and pedagogical versatility. This article delves into the practical aspects of implementing English picture book teaching strategies in the classroom, offering insights into how educators can effectively utilize these resources to enhance language learning experiences.Understanding the Purpose of Picture Books in English Language TeachingBefore delving into the practical aspects of teaching with English picture books, it is essential to understand their role in language acquisition. Picture books serve multiple purposes:1. Vocabulary Building: They introduce new vocabulary in a context-rich environment, making it easier for learners to understand and remember words.2. Grammar Practice: Through the narrative, learners can observe and practice grammatical structures naturally.3. Cultural Insight: Picture books often reflect cultural norms and values, providing learners with a glimpse into the target language culture.4. Literacy Development: They encourage reading and storytelling skills, fostering a love for books and literature.Practical Steps for Implementing English Picture Book Teaching1. Selecting the Right Picture Books:- Choose books that are age-appropriate and align with the learners' language proficiency.- Consider the thematic content and how it relates to the curriculum objectives.- Look for books with engaging illustrations that complement the text.2. Reading Aloud and Modeling Language Use:- Read the book aloud with enthusiasm and expression to captivate the learners' attention.- Model correct pronunciation, intonation, and rhythm to enhance listening skills.- Pause at strategic points to ask questions or discuss the story.3. Interactive Storytelling:- Encourage learners to predict outcomes or events in the story.- Use puppets, props, or even costumes to bring characters to life.- Engage in choral reading or partner reading to foster teamwork and fluency.4. Vocabulary Activities:- Use flashcards or word boards to introduce new vocabulary.- Create word banks or glossaries for students to refer to during or after reading.- Incorporate vocabulary into games or activities that reinforce meaning and usage.5. Grammar and Structure Practice:- Identify grammatical structures present in the text and discuss them with the learners.- Create simple activities or exercises to practice these structures.- Use the book as a springboard for more complex language tasks.6. Cultural and Literacy Activities:- Discuss the cultural context of the story and its relevance to the learners' own culture.- Engage in activities that promote literacy skills, such as making predictions, summarizing, or sequencing events.- Encourage creative writing or storytelling based on the book's theme.7. Assessment and Feedback:- Monitor learners' comprehension through observations, questioning, and informal assessments.- Provide constructive feedback to reinforce positive learning experiences and address areas for improvement.- Use formative assessments to adjust teaching strategies as needed.8. Reflective Practice:- Reflect on the effectiveness of using English picture books in the classroom.- Seek feedback from learners to understand their preferences and learning outcomes.- Continuously update and expand your repertoire of picture books to keep the lessons fresh and engaging.ConclusionThe practical application of English picture book teaching involves a careful selection of materials, interactive reading strategies, and meaningful activities that cater to the diverse needs of learners. By incorporating these strategies into the classroom, educators can create a dynamic and engaging learning environment that not only enhances language skills but also fosters a lifelong love for reading and learning.第2篇Abstract:This paper presents a practical approach to teaching English through picture books. It discusses the importance of using picture books in language learning, outlines the benefits, and provides a step-by-step guide on how to implement this method effectively in the classroom. The paper also includes case studies and reflective practices to enhance the teaching experience.Introduction:Picture books have long been a cherished part of children's literature, offering a rich blend of images and text that can captivate young learners. In recent years, the use of picture books in English language teaching has gained momentum due to their potential to engage students, foster language acquisition, and develop critical thinking skills. This paper aims to explore the practical aspects of integrating picture books into English language teaching and provide educators with a comprehensive guide to maximize their benefits.The Importance of Using Picture Books in Language Learning:1. Visual Aids: Picture books provide visual aids that can help learners understand new vocabulary and concepts more easily.2. Engagement: The combination of images and text can make learning more enjoyable and engaging for students.3. Language Development: Picture books expose learners to a variety of language structures, including sentence patterns, vocabulary, and phonological awareness.4. Cultural Exposure: Through diverse stories, picture books can introduce students to different cultures and perspectives.5. Empathy and Emotional Intelligence: Many picture books address themes that encourage empathy and emotional intelligence in children.Benefits of Using Picture Books in English Language Teaching:1. Enhanced Comprehension: The use of images can enhance comprehension and retention of the text.2. Vocabulary Expansion: Picture books introduce new words and phrasesin a context-rich environment.3. Reading Skills: Regular exposure to picture books can improve reading fluency and comprehension.4. Creative Thinking: The imaginative elements of picture books can stimulate creative thinking and problem-solving skills.5. Personal Connection: Students can connect with characters and stories, making learning more meaningful.Practical Steps for Implementing Picture Book Teaching:1. Selecting Appropriate Books: Choose books that are age-appropriate, culturally relevant, and aligned with the curriculum goals.2. Introducing the Book: Begin by showing the cover and discussing the title and author. Encourage students to make predictions about the story.3. Reading the Story: Read the story aloud, emphasizing expressions and intonation to engage the students. Pause to discuss unfamiliar words or concepts.4. Interactive Activities: After reading, engage students in activities such as retelling the story, drawing scenes, or creating dialogue forthe characters.5. Vocabulary Building: Use the story to introduce new vocabulary and practice it through games, flashcards, or role-playing.6. Reflective Practices: Encourage students to reflect on the story and its themes, either through writing or group discussions.Case Study:In a primary school classroom, the teacher decided to use a picture book titled "The Gruffalo" to teach vocabulary and storytelling skills. After reading the story, the teacher divided the class into small groups and asked each group to create a new ending for the story. The students were excited to participate and came up with creative and imaginative endings.This activity not only reinforced the vocabulary learned from the book but also encouraged creative thinking and collaboration.Reflective Practices:1. Teacher Reflection: After each lesson, teachers should reflect on the effectiveness of the activities and adjust their approach accordingly.2. Student Feedback: Gather feedback from students to understand their preferences and areas for improvement.3. Collaboration with Colleagues: Share experiences and ideas withfellow educators to enhance teaching practices.Conclusion:Using picture books in English language teaching offers a practical and engaging approach to language acquisition. By following the outlined steps and incorporating reflective practices, educators can create a dynamic and effective learning environment that fosters language skills and personal growth. Embracing the power of picture books in the classroom can lead to improved learning outcomes and a deeper appreciation for the joys of reading and storytelling.第3篇Introduction:Picture books are an excellent tool for language learning, especially in the context of English as a Second Language (ESL) or English as a Foreign Language (EFL). This essay presents a practical approach to English picture book teaching, focusing on the integration of various teaching strategies and activities that can enhance the learning experience for students of different ages and proficiency levels.I. Introduction to Picture Book Teaching1. Definition of Picture BooksPicture books are books that primarily use illustrations to tell a story, accompanied by text. They are designed to be visually engaging and canbe used to develop language skills, comprehension, and literacy.2. Importance of Picture Books in English Teaching- Enhance vocabulary acquisition- Improve reading comprehension- Develop critical thinking skills- Promote cultural understanding- Engage students in language learningII. Pre-Teaching Activities1. Familiarize Students with the TopicBefore introducing a new picture book, it is essential to familiarize students with the topic. This can be done through discussions, videos,or related activities that will create a context for the story.2. Vocabulary Pre-teachingIdentify key vocabulary from the picture book and introduce them to students. Use flashcards, word walls, or games to help students memorize and understand the new words.III. During the Teaching Process1. Introduction to the BookBegin by sharing the title and author of the picture book. Discuss the cover illustration and make predictions about the story.2. Reading the StoryRead the story aloud, ensuring that the intonation and expression convey the emotions and atmosphere of the story. Encourage students to follow along and ask questions if they encounter unfamiliar words.3. Interactive ActivitiesEngage students in interactive activities that complement the story. These activities may include:a. Story retelling: Have students retell the story in their own words or with the help of pictures.b. Discussion questions: Ask open-ended questions to promote critical thinking and comprehension.c. Vocabulary practice: Use the new vocabulary in different contexts, such as through games or role-playing activities.d. Art projects: Encourage students to create their own illustrations or drawings inspired by the story.4. AssessmentMonitor student participation and comprehension throughout the lesson. Use quizzes, exit tickets, or oral presentations to assess students' understanding of the story and new vocabulary.IV. Post-Teaching Activities1. ReflectionAfter completing the lesson, encourage students to reflect on their learning. This can be done through journal entries, group discussions, or presentations.2. Extension ActivitiesProvide additional activities that allow students to further explore the themes and vocabulary of the picture book. These activities may include:a. Reading related books: Introduce similar stories or books from the same author.b. Writing: Have students write their own story or a related activity based on the picture book.c. Research: Encourage students to research the topic or culture presented in the book.V. ConclusionA practical approach to English picture book teaching involves a combination of pre-teaching, interactive activities during the lesson, and post-teaching extension activities. By incorporating various teaching strategies and activities, teachers can create a dynamic and engaging learning environment that promotes language development, comprehension, and cultural understanding. Through the use of picture books, students can acquire English language skills while enjoying the beauty of storytelling.。

coordination and sentence combination

coordination and sentence combination

Coordination and Sentence CombinationSimple sentences are easy to write; however, neither the writer nor the reader will be satisfied with a piece of writing full of simple sentences. Read the following paragraph.Zhou En-lai was premier of China from 1949 until he died in 1976. He was born in 1898 in Huai’an. He graduated from a middle school in Tianjin. He went to Japan to study in 1917. He was in France on a work-study program from 1921 to 1924. He joined the Communist Party there. He soon returned to take part in Sun Yat-sen’s revolution. From then until after World War II, Zhou was a Communist leader. He was involved in the struggle against the Japanese invasion. He was involved in the struggle against the ruling of Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist Part y. He took part in Mao’s Long March of 1934-35. His success in creating a united front was a crucial factor in the eventual Communist victory and downfall of Chiang in 1949. He was foreign minister from 1949 to 1955. He played a key role in strengthening C hina’s ties with other developing countries. Zhou’s name still inspires Chinese people in their drive towards modernization.What do you think of the paragraph? You have found the problem if you have found it childish or boring. The paragraph moves from simple sentence to simple sentence. A piece of writing is choppy and disconnected when it is stuffed with simple sentences; it sounds immature.One way to achieve mature writing is through coordination. Coordination in writing is the use of coordinating conjunctions and connective adverbs to form compound sentences. It links simple sentences (independent clauses) and shows close relationships between ideas. A coordinated sentence (a compound sentence) links ideas better than two separate simple sentences. Now, read the following paragraph, which, with simple sentences coordinated, is an improved version of the previous paragraph.Zhou En-lai was premier of China from 1949 until he died in 1976, and he was born in 1898 in Huai’an. He graduated from a middle school in Tianjin and went to Japan to study in 1917. He was in France on a work-study program from 1921 to 1924 and he joined the Communist Party there, and soon he returned to take part in Sun Yat-sen’s revolution. From then until after World War II, Zhou was a Communist leader, and he was involved in the struggle against the Japanese invasion and against the ruling of Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalist Party. He took part in Mao’s Long March of 1934-35, and his success in creating a united front was a crucial factor in the eventual Communist victory and downfall of Chiang in 1949. He was foreign minister from 1949 to 1955, and he played a key role in strengthening China’s ties with other developing countries. Zhou’s name still inspires Chinese people in their drive towards modernization.Can you sense the improvement over the previous simple sentence paragraph? It sounds better now.Simple sentences can often be coordinated through the use of coordinating conjunctions and connectives if they are closely related and equally important.。

合译法

合译法

words
Choose a kind of life attitude, let oneself live irreplaceable.
选一种人生姿态,让自己活的无可替代。
概念:只有主谓宾或者主谓构成的这 种简单成分构成的句子叫做简单句,多个 简单句组合在一起就是两个或两个以上简 单句。
EXAMPLE
1、He has been ill for many years. He died in loneliness finally. 他病了很多年。他最终在孤独中死去。 他生病多年后孤独的死去。 2、The river is very wide. One cannot see the opposite bank. 那条河很宽。一个人看不到对岸。 河宽得看不到对岸。
EXERCISE
1、The time was 10:30, and traffic on the street was light. 十点三十分的时候,街上来往的车辆稀少了。 2、It was in mid-August, and the repair section operated under the blazing sun. blazing:强烈的,闪耀的 八月中旬,修理人员在骄阳下工作。 cable car:缆车 3、The cable car was the invention of Andrew Hallidie, and it was introduced in some San Francisco streets in 1873. 安德鲁· 哈利迪发明的缆车在1873年在旧金山一些街道上启用。
第5讲
合译法(Combination)
2015年1月6日
合译法(Combination)

《英语(新目标)》教材介绍

《英语(新目标)》教材介绍

02 Vocabulary and Grammar Analysis
Key vocabulary sorting and expansion
01
Sorting of key vocabulary
Organize and classify the key vocabulary according to themes,
Grammar exercises
Design targeted grammar exercises, such as presence transformation, error correction, and translation, to help students consolidate their grammar knowledge and improve their language accuracy
multiple choices, and word formation, to consolidate students'
understanding and memory of vocabulary
Detailed explanation of grammar knowledge
points
Grammar knowledge points
Applicable Objects
This textbook is designed for use by students who are beginners or intermediate learners of English It is suitable for use in a classroom setting, as well as for self study The materials and exercises are detailed to meet the needs of students at different levels of expertise

Key to 90-sentence Translation

Key to 90-sentence Translation

1.Due to serious pollution, the amount of fish is on the decline/on the decrease/is decreasing.2.Once he makes a promise, he will never break it and will try to fulfill it.3.He became a volunteer a few years ago, which has made all the difference to his life.4.I have decided to set aside some money every month so that I can make a trip to Hong Kongnext summer vacation.5.This profession is filled with long hours, hard work and many frustrations.6.Not only does green symbolize life, but also it is often associated with environmentalprotection.7.He regards the painting, which survived the war, as his most valuable property.8.There is no doubt that what we are doing helps the society progress/move forward.9.As we all know/As is known to all, it is difficult to persuade a heavy smoker to quit smoking.10.He often spends a few hours playing games and reading story books with his son every weekfor the sake of his kid’s mental and physical health.Ex. 21.Whether we can go for an outing tomorrow depends on the weather.2.It is difficult for him to cope with the trouble facing him on his own.3.However busy you are, you shouldn’t neglect physical exercise and your health.4.It is everyone’s responsibility to keep adolescents away from drugs.5.He was awarded a scholarship for his excellent academic performance.6.The tourists were grateful to the volunteers in the Expo site for their overall perfect service.7.You should think about all the possible consequences/outcomes/results before you make adecision.8.Although his suggestion/advice sounds nice, I don’t think it is practical or feasible.9.Showing gratitude to those who care about and look after us is something that we shoulddo/practice in our daily life, not just on Thanksgiving Day.10.How comforting it is that many young people start their own business after graduation tomake a living instead of depending on their parents! (What a relief it is to see many …)Ex. 31.The elevated road is designed to relieve traffic congestion/jams.2. A new law made it illegal for anyone to hunt in wildlife reserves.3.Soon after she graduated, she went to a university in America for further studies.4.Some businessmen’s greedy nature and lack of social responsibility will end up hurtingthemselves.5.The first time I went on holiday with my parents to Hangzhou, I was deeply impressed by thebeautiful view there.6.The old man/lady prefers having some activities in the sun to staying at home.7.If it is convenient to you, pick up some bread for me in the bakery.8.The continuous rising of housing price has discouraged/prevented many young people whoplanned to purchase a house. (Many young people who planned to purchase a house have been discouraged/prevented by the continuous rising of housing price)9.regardless of the great success he has achieved, he always remains humble when other peoplepay him compliments.10.Those who love the peace of the mountains can always find a place that fits them here.1.Make an another effort and you will make your dream come true /…realize your dream.2.It never occurred to them that so many institutions agreed to sponsor their project/plan forcharity.3.Learning how to get along well with other people is one of the factors in career success.4.To the delight of all the fans, women volleyball team defeated the opponent easily.5.Are you sure that he is capable of fixing the imported car of this type?6.They have a lot in common. For example, they are both fond of reading comics and surfingonline.7.To some extent, the fast-paced life of today has greatly affected its quality.8.Even if the kids are very curious and very naughty, you cannot be too severe on them.9.Without sufficient/adequate/enough sleep, students are unlikely to listen to their teachersattentively and do their schoolwork energetically/with energy./…it’s impossible for…/…it’s unlikely for…10.A lot of parents take pains to do a lot of investigation and consult many specialists aboutwhich university their children should apply to.Ex. 51.The fire brigade arrived on the scene five minutes after the fire broke out.2.As both sides/parties didn’t give in regarding price, the negotiation went to a dead end.3.She has been busy with her work since she graduated, so she seldom contacts her formerclassmates.4.The customer couldn’t put up with the shop assistant’s attitude and decided to complain to themanager.5.He finally found a well-paid job/highly-paid job after several interviews.6.According to psychologists, those who prefer red are likely to be energetic and adventurous.7.It is not a good habit to miss meals and replace them with snacks.8.Kids tend to identify with the characters in cartoons, so they are considerably influenced bytheir words and behavior./…, so they are influenced by their words and behavior to a large extent.9.Make sure that the shelf is securely/safely fixed on the wall in case it becomes loose or fallsoff when the wind is strong.10.A real friend is a person who can share both joys and sorrows/happiness and sadness with you,no matter what/whatever happens.Ex. 6.1.It is illegal to read private letters without permission.2.The medical research indicates that staying in an air-conditioned room for a long time willcause people to fall ill.3.The citizens strongly object to pulling/knocking/tearing down the historic buildings for morespace.4.They decided to make a trip to Suzhou this weekend for her sake.5.By the time we got to the sale, all the best bargains had been sold out.6.The town is a good base from which we can explore all places around it.7.The school bans the students from using any electrical appliances such as electric stoves,heaters, or microwave ovens in the dormitory.8.More and more people tend to choose overseas universities for their children, partly due to theincreasing domestic competition.9.It is a journalist’s professional ethics to make sure the news comes from a reliable sourcebefore he releases it.10.As long as you try your best to perform your own job well, your are making contributions tothe society.Ex. 7.1.You’d better buy those books which are worth reading several times.2.Jane asked for sick leave yesterday, so I want to help her make up for her missed lessonstoday.3.I am curious about the way he cultivates his son.4.Nowadays, most students are overburdened every day, which is a big issue that the wholecommunity should pay attention to.5.The citizens have access to all kinds of sports facilities in the school in summer and wintervacations.6.Regardless of his instructor’s advice, he insisted on/persisted in climbing the mountain onsuch a foggy day/in such foggy weather.7.Thousands of people viewed the 30-minute video only two hours after it was posted on theweb.8.Only by keeping doing more listening and reading every will/can you catch up with yourclassmates in English in the near future.9.In the course of the growth of adolescents, to ensure that they develop mentally and physicallyis the top priority.10.Being exposed to the real language environment at an early age as much as possible helps todevelop a sense of language.Ex. 81.People usually have a beautiful/sweet memory of their childhood.2.Be sure to fasten the seat belt when you drive on the expressway/freeway.3.When his father is away, David is in /takes charge of the stationery shop.4.We will inform you as soon as the tickets become available.5.The film based on a true story deeply touched all the audience.6.What matters is not how much you have learnt but what you have learnt is useful.7.Our government is doing everything it can to relieve the pain/suffering of the people in thedisaster-stricken area and help them rebuild their homes.8.So anxious was he to hear from his son that he was sleepless all night.9.The scientist who won the Nobel Prize for/in Physics owed his achievements to diligence, giftand luck.10.The day before yesterday, our school celebrated the 50th anniversary, (which was) a grandoccasion when many celebrities and alumni attended the celebration.Ex. 91.Traveling by train is not necessarily more economical than by plane.2.She is an ordinary-looking woman of few words, but she is an efficient secretary.3.Don’t bother to drive me home. I can take a bus.4.As we expected, her good command of English allowed/enabled her to express herselffreely/without difficulty in the interview.5.Although he failed to win the competition, his performance was recognized by the critics.6.Hardly had he taken office / taken the post when he had a lot of new problems to cope with.7.Since we cannot avoid frustration or something unhappy in our life, we should face them withcourage.8.She was very angry that the bag she paid a lot of money for turned out/proved to be fake.What made her very angry was that…9.The athlete was very grateful to his coach for his support when he was in trouble.10.As long as we take a down-to-earth attitude in doing anything/towards whatever we do, weare sure to gain (something) from it.。

定语从句的翻译

定语从句的翻译

7
1. Combination :By combination, we actually convert the English sentence into a simple Chinese sentence, in which an English restrictive attributive clause is embedded in the Chinese sentence , and is placed before the words being modified ( the antecedents). By combination, we actually converted the conplex sentence into a simple Chinese sentence. Examples: Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with. 污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切问题。
Translation
of attributive clauses
定语从句的翻译
1
A compese Attributive structure
As some linguists have pointed out , an English sentence may be followed by an unlimited number of attributive clauses following the word being modified, while a Chinese sentence allows only a limited amount of words preceding the word being modified. And eventually, there is no correspondence between their sentence structure.

sentence_combining

sentence_combining

Read this partSENTENCE COMBININGCombining sentences allows writers to avoid unnecessary repetition, provide emphasis, and improve sentence variety. Here are a few of the many ways to combine sentences.1. Combine by using a compound sentence or complex sentence. (Also see #3 below.)John is an excellent cook. I like to eat at his house.John is an excellent cook, so I like to eat at his house. (compound sentence)I like to eat at John's house, for he is an excellent cook. (compound sentence)Since John is an excellent cook, I like to eat at his house. (complex sentence)I like to eat at John's house since he is an excellent cook. (complex sentence)(Note: The two sentences above contain adverb clauses.)2. Combine by making a list.Ann is a good baseball player. She is a good swimmer. She is a good golfer.Ann is a good baseball player, swimmer, and golfer.3. Combine by using an appositive or relative clause (adjective clause).Jason is an Eagle Scout. He is also an honor student.Jason,an Eagle scout, is also an honor student. (appositive)who is an Eagle Scout, is also an honor student. (relative clause)Jason,(Note: A sentence with a relative clause is also a complex sentence.)4. Combine by using a past or present participle phrase or compound predicate.Kate was finished with the report. She left for the game.Finished with the report, Kate left for the game. (past participle phrase) finished with the report, left for the game. (past participle phrase)Kate,Having finished the report, Kate left for the game. (present participle phrase) having finished the report, left for the game. (present participle phrase)Kate,Katefinished the report and left for the game. (compound predicate)Directions: Combine the following sentences into one coherent sentence. For this exercise, do not write any compound sentences. The first one is done for you. Three options are shown though you need to do only one for each of your revisions.1. My cousin enjoys classical music. She enjoys jazz. She is a music major.My cousin, who enjoys classical music and jazz, is a music major.A music major, my cousin enjoys classical music and jazz.My cousin, a music major, enjoys classical music and jazz.2. Helen was walking to church downtown. She saw a car accident. She ran to thenearest pay phone to call for help.3. Martin was sick. He was unable to attend the party. The party was for his sister. Itwas her birthday.4. I waited for the bus. I read a magazine while I waited. I also read a newspaper.5. Sinclair is one of the largest community colleges in the United States. It isconsidered one of the best in the United States. It has many innovative programs.6. Mohammad has been in America for two years. He speaks English. He speaksEnglish well. He is originally from Jordan.7. My wife is a math teacher. She has been a math teacher for twenty years. Sometimesshe wishes she was a lawyer. She likes to argue.8. My friend is in the hospital. He was painting his house. He fell off a ladder.9. The student was removed from the room. He was yelling at the teacher. He wasyelling at the students. The student was removed by two security guards.10. The president of the college resigned. She moved to Canada. She hoped to write andrelax for awhile.Assignment 2 sentence combination practiceExample Start from this one :。

中英双语教学教案模板

中英双语教学教案模板

一、教学目标1. 学生能够熟练掌握本节课所学的词汇和句型。

2. 学生能够运用所学知识进行简单的日常交流。

3. 培养学生的跨文化交际能力。

二、教学重点与难点1. 教学重点:本节课的词汇、句型及语法知识。

2. 教学难点:词汇的运用和句型的正确组合。

三、教学准备1. 教学课件或黑板。

2. 教学视频或音频材料。

3. 教学辅助工具:卡片、图片、实物等。

四、教学过程1. 导入(5分钟)1.1. 播放与本节课主题相关的英文歌曲或视频,激发学生的学习兴趣。

1.2. 用中文简要介绍本节课的主题。

2. 新课导入(10分钟)2.1. 引导学生复习上节课所学内容,为新知识的学习做好铺垫。

2.2. 通过图片、实物或情景模拟等方式,引出本节课的词汇和句型。

3. 词汇学习(15分钟)3.1. 教师带领学生学习本节课的词汇,包括单词的发音、拼写和用法。

3.2. 学生跟读、拼写练习,巩固所学词汇。

4. 句型学习(15分钟)4.1. 教师讲解本节课的句型结构、语法规则及用法。

4.2. 学生进行句型模仿、造句练习,提高运用能力。

5. 互动环节(10分钟)5.1. 教师设计与本节课主题相关的情景对话,让学生进行角色扮演。

5.2. 学生分组进行对话练习,互相纠正错误,提高口语表达能力。

6. 总结与作业布置(5分钟)6.1. 教师对本节课所学内容进行总结,强调重点和难点。

6.2. 布置课后作业,如:背诵单词、造句、写日记等。

五、教学反思1. 教师在授课过程中应注重学生的参与度,激发学生的学习兴趣。

2. 结合学生的实际需求,调整教学内容和教学方法。

3. 关注学生的学习效果,及时调整教学进度和策略。

教学教案中英双语示例:Teaching Plan: Bilingual TeachingI. Teaching Objectives1. Students can master the vocabulary and sentence patterns of this lesson.2. Students can use the knowledge they have learned to communicate in simple daily life.3. Cultivate students' cross-cultural communication skills.II. Teaching Key and Difficult Points1. Teaching Key: Vocabulary, sentence patterns, and grammar knowledge of this lesson.2. Teaching Difficult Points: Vocabulary usage and correct combination of sentence patterns.III. Teaching Preparation1. Teaching materials: teaching课件 or blackboard.2. Teaching video or audio materials.3. Teaching auxiliary tools: cards, pictures, real objects, etc.IV. Teaching Process1. Introduction (5 minutes)1.1. Play an English song or video related to the theme of this lesson to stimulate students' interest in learning.1.2. Briefly introduce the theme of this lesson in Chinese.2. Introduction to New Knowledge (10 minutes)2.1. Guide students to review the content learned in the previous lesson, preparing them for the learning of new knowledge.2.2. Introduce the vocabulary and sentence patterns of this lesson through pictures, real objects, or situational simulation.3. Vocabulary Learning (15 minutes)3.1. The teacher leads students to learn the vocabulary of this lesson, including the pronunciation, spelling, and usage of words.。

Sentence Combining 1

Sentence Combining 1

Las Vegas High School 2010-11 Writing WorkshopCombining SentencesIf you continually use short sentences in your writing, your paragraphs will sound very choppy. Read this paragraph and notice how it sounds.It was my birthday. I ask for a bike. My parents bought me a red bike. It had white strips on the fenders. I like to ride my bike everywhere. I like to ride on smooth payment best. I am not allowed to ride on the sidewalk. People walk on the side walk. If I have time. I ride on the bike trail in the park.To make your writing more interesting, you can combine the short sentences to make longer sentences. The longer sentences can be either compound or complex. Read the revised paragraph below. Notice how the paragraph flows much better with longer sentences.It was my birthday, so I ask for a bike. My parents bought me a red bike, and ithad white strips on the fenders. I like to ride my bike everywhere, but I like to ride on smooth payment best. I am not allowed to ride on the sidewalk becausepeople walk on the sidewalk. Whenever I have time, I ride on the bike trail in the park.Did you notice the kind of changes that were made in the second paragraph? Conjunctions and commas were used to connect the sentences.What are conjunctions? The most common conjunctions used in compound sentences are:When you make a compound sentence you are joining two or more simple sentences together with a conjunction and a comma. If you took the conjunction away, the sentences would be complete and they would still make sense. Look at this example:Complex sentences use conjunctions and sometimes commas also. However, complex sentences don't just divide into neat, complete, simple sentences if you take out the conjunctions. In complex sentences the conjunction is used to join together clauses. These conjunctions are used most often in complex sentences:What is a clause? A clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a verb. Sometimes clauses are complete short sentences, but in a complex sentence at least one of them will depend on the conjunction for its meaning. This means if you take the conjunction away, the sentence won't divide into complete units that make sense by themselves. Look at these examples:Revise these paragraphs using compound and complex sentences.Paragraph 1: It was a dark and stormy night. The wind was high. The treeswaved and crashed against the barn. I looked around me and saw that I wasn’talone. A man stood behind me. He was tall. He was mean. He had a knife. Itwas shining in the moonlight. It was long and slender. He reached back. Hestabbed with it. I jumped out of the way. I ran away.Paragraph 2: Tom prefers baseball to basketball. Baseball seems moreinteresting to Tom. Tom feels baseball is a gentleman’s sport. Baseball is morestructured than basketball. Baseball requires athletes to use more skill thanaggression when playing. Tom respects baseball players the most because ofthis.Paragraph 2: There was a storm. Old trees thrashed in the wind. It was night and the electricity went off. The storm blew out the electricity. It began to rain. Hail battered the windows. The rain blew sideways in the wind. I was alone.Five conventional ways of putting sentences together.1. The most common are conjunctions:and, but, or, so, (nor, yet, for) .Rule:Usually two independent clauses (in effect, sentences) are joined by a conjunction, but a comma must be placed before the conjunction.2. The most useful are adverb clauses(although, when, because, since, until, if, etc.). These words convert an entire sentence into an adverb. For example: When these words convert an entire sentence into an adverb . . .Rule:When you use an initial adverb clause, place a comma after it.Do not use a comma when you use a final adverb clause.Notice the rule also illustrates that adverb clauses can move around in a sentence. Adverbs are really the only parts of speech that are easy to shuffle in this way.3. The hardest to remember how to punctuate is sentence connectors:(however, moreover, furthermore, as a matter of fact, additionally, etc.) The term for these is adverbial conjunctions, so they can also move around in sentences.Rules:Don't hesitate to use sentence connectors; however, remember to surround the connector with punctuation.Don't hesitate to use sentence connector; remember, however, to surround the connector with punctuation.Don't hesitate to use sentence connectors; remember to surround the connector with punctuation, however.4. The shortest is the semicolon: ;Rule:Use semicolons sparingly; use them to connect sentences connected in meaning.And remember that a semicolon is not the one used to introduce a list. The colon (:) is.5. The powerful one, the verbal. Think about employing some of the thousands of verbs in sentence combining.Quasi-rule:Poised at the beginning of a sentence, the verbal phrase was followed by a comma.Or an example closer to home: The paper is graded by a computer. The paper is then ready for student revision.Could become: Graded by a computer, the paper is then ready for student revision.Be careful not to mislead or confuse the reader; check to make sure there is a referent for the verbal construction in the sentence (italicized in the sentence above). And contrast that sentence with the one below where the reference may be ambiguous:Graded by a computer, the teacher can then return the papers.SENTENCE COMBININGCombining sentences allows writers to avoid unnecessary repetition, provide emphasis, and improve sentence variety. Here are a few of the many ways to combine sentences.1. Combine by using a compound sentence or complex sentence. (Also see #3 below.)John is an excellent cook. I like to eat at his house.John is an excellent cook, so I like to eat at his house. (compound sentence)I like to eat at John's house, for he is an excellent cook. (compound sentence) Since John is an excellent cook I like to eat at John's house , I like to eat at his house. (complex sentence) since he is an excellent cook (Note: The two sentences above contain adverb clauses.). (complex sentence)2. Combine by making a list.Ann is a good baseball player. She is a good swimmer. She is a good golfer.Ann is a good baseball player, swimmer, and golfer.3. Combine by using an appositive or relative clause (adjective clause).Jason is an Eagle Scout. He is also an honor student. Jason, an Eagle scout Jason, , is also an honor student. (appositive) who is an Eagle Scout (Note: A sentence with a relative clause is also a complex sentence.), is also an honor student. (relative clause)4. Combine by using a past or present participle phrase or compound predicate.Kate was finished with the report. She left for the game. Finished with the report Kate, , Kate left for the game. (past participle phrase) finished with the report, left for the game. (past participle phrase) Having finished the report Kate, , Kate left for the game. (present participle phrase) having finished the report Kate , left for the game. (present participle phrase) finished the report and left for the game. (compound predicate)Directions: Combine the following sentences into one coherent sentence. For this exercise, do not write any compound sentences. The first one is done for you. Three options are shown though you need to do only one for each of your revisions.1. My cousin enjoys classical music. She enjoys jazz. She is a music major.My cousin, who enjoys classical music and jazz, is a music major.A music major, my cousin enjoys classical music and jazz.My cousin, a music major, enjoys classical music and jazz.2. Helen was walking to church downtown. She saw a car accident. She ran to the nearest pay phone to call for help.3. Martin was sick. He was unable to attend the party. The party was for his sister. It was her birthday.4. I waited for the bus. I read a magazine while I waited. I also read a newspaper.5. Sinclair is one of the largest community colleges in the United States. It is consideredone of the best in the United States. It has many innovative programs.6. Mohammad has been in America for two years. He speaks English. He speaks English well. He is originally from Jordan.7. My sister is a math teacher. She has been a math teacher for ten years. Sometimesshe wishes she was a lawyer. She likes to argue.8. My friend is in the hospital. He was painting his house. He fell off a ladder.9. The student was removed from the room. He was yelling at the teacher. He was yelling at the students. The student was removed by two security guards.10. The president of the college resigned. She moved to Canada. She hoped to write andrelax for awhile.Sentence-Combining ExercisesCombine each set of short sentences and fragments into one sentence.1. I always order cheese fries. The reason why is because they're my favorite.2. Bob was my boyfriend. That was in high school. We dated for about eight months. Before I met Mike.3. The tree fell on the house. This was a sycamore. Because of the high winds. But my grandmother wasn't hurt.4. My dog's name is George. He is a Golden Retriever. He loves to play Frisbee. Loves to swim, too.5. My parents gave me a car. That is why I'm able to afford to go to college. Still, I work part-time. I work at Wal-Mart. I'm a cashier.Combine these six pairs of sentences using the coordinating conjunctions listed below. Use each conjunction only one time.and, but, or, so, yet, nor6. Some students stay on the sidewalks. Some students cut across the grass.7. Students have to park far from their classrooms. They are often late for class.8. Trash cans have been placed all over campus. Students still throw garbage on the ground.9. The administration promised to improve dining hall service. The quality of the food is actually worse this year.10. These students do not respect the feelings of others. They don't seem to respect themselves.11. We must stand up for our rights today. We may find ourselves with no rights at all.Combine the same sentences above using the subordinating conjunctions listed below. Again, use each conjunction only one time.unless, because, even though, while, although, though12. Some students stay on the sidewalks. Some students cut across the grass.13. Students have to park far from their classrooms. They are often late for class.14. Trash cans have been placed all over campus. Students still throw garbage on the ground.15. The administration promised to improve dining hall service. The quality of the food is actually worse this year.16. These students do not respect the feelings of others. They do seem to respect themselves.17. We must stand up for our rights today. We may find ourselves with no rights at all.。

Sentence types & common errors

Sentence types & common errors

是放错位置的形容词、副词或短语.这主要是以就 近原则为依据.misplaced modifier不构成语法上 的错误但导致误解 .同一个修饰语置于句子不同 的位置,句子的含义可能引起变化.
E.g., Just John was picked to host the program. John was just picked to host the program.
Run-on sentence Faulty parallelism Sentence fragments Dangling modifiers
1. Comma Splice: comma fault :
an ungrammatical sentence in which two or more independent clauses are conjoined without a conjunction. 用逗号连接两个不带关联词或连接词的两个独 立句子; 两个或多个主句之间不用连接词 或错用标点连接起来。英语中称之为 “comma splice”,即逗号拼凑句 流水句 逗号拼凑句, 逗号拼凑句
2.Interrogative Sentences
*a. General Questions(一般疑问句): Can you finish the work in time? *b. Wh-Questions: Where do you live? *c. Alternative Questions(选择疑问句): Do you want tea or coffee? *d. Tag-Questions: He doesn't know her, does he?
pound Sentences并列句 • A compound sentence consists of two or more independent clauses ( or simple sentences) that are closely related in meaning. The clauses or sentences are linked by coordinating conjunctions or by semicolons. Coordinate ideas should be related and roughly equal in importance. E.g. Iraq rejected American demands, and President Bush then declared war on Iraq.

9第九章 名词性从句

9第九章 名词性从句
英语的三大从句及其翻译
2014-9-13
• 英语的三大从句是英语组句的重要 手段,使用频率非常高。 • 相比之下,汉语的从句数量少,功 能弱,尤其不喜欢在主语、宾语或 定语的位置上放很长的句子,其状 语也往往不带明显的语法标志。 • 因此,翻译英语从句时一般都要进 行调整和变通。
英语的三大从句:
第九讲 Nominal Clauses 名词性从句
一、教学重点:
1. 名词性从句的翻译 2. 同位语从句的翻译
二、教学内容:
1. 英语名词性从句的翻译 2. 汉语复句的翻译
• 英语名词性从句可分为主语从句、 宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句 四大类。 • 汉语不存在类似英语的名词性从句。
• 1.名词性从句,特别是由what, how, whether等引起的名词性从句,翻译比较困 难。这些从句往往表达的是一种具体概念, 如“ how things stand ”,实际上是表达 “情况”这个概念,如照译“事情是如何站 着的”就不明确,同时也违背了愿意。所以 翻译这类从句时多采用概略法,也就是使从 句陈述的内容明确化。这样许多情况下都需 要进行概括或引申。
• 如此严重的事故竟然无一人伤亡,(这)真 叫人难以置信!
Ⅰ. Translation of English Nominal Clauses
英语名词性从句的翻译
1、Subject Clauses 1) Subject Clauses Introduced by Pronouns • Whatever he saw and heard on his trip gave him a very deep impression. 他此行所见所闻都给他留下了深刻的印象。 2) "It“ Functions as a Formal Subject • It doesn't make much difference whether he attends the meeting or not. 他参不参加会议都没多大关系。

分译与合译

分译与合译
1)Elizabeth was determined to make no effort for conversation with a woman, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable.
伊丽莎白不肯再和这样一个女人说话,这个女人现 在异常无礼,非常令人反感。
2)They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread more furiously throughout the country.
他们企图扑灭反抗,结果反抗越来越猛,遍及全国。
3)They remarked now he took a different
门口放着一堆雨伞,少说也有十二 把,五颜六色,大小不一。
3. 把句子拆开 (Sentence Division) A. 简单句分译 (simple sentences) 1)Daybreak comes with thick mist and
drizzle. 黎明时分,大雾弥漫,细雨蒙蒙。
他们在朋友家里感到自在,进出时心里踏 实,无所顾虑。
B. 名词短语 (noun phrases)
1)The military is forbidden to kill the vessel, a relatively easy task.
军方被禁止击毁这艘潜艇,虽然要击毁它并不怎么费 事。
2)And a growing minority of western intellectuals agreed.
2) His father had a small business in the city of Homestead (姆斯代德城). This city is in the south of Florida near the sea.

高三英语艺术批评标准练习题30题

高三英语艺术批评标准练习题30题

高三英语艺术批评标准练习题30题1.In the painting, the colors are vivid and the brushstrokes are bold. The artist's use of ______ is remarkable.A.techniqueB.styleC.methodD.way答案:A。

选项A“technique”表示技巧、技术;选项B“style”是风格;选项C“method”是方法;选项D“way”是方式。

在描述绘画中艺术家对某种东西的运用很出色,这里指的是绘画技巧,所以选A。

2.The sculpture is known for its delicate ______.A.detailB.patternC.shapeD.form答案:A。

选项A“detail”是细节;选项B“pattern”是图案;选项C“shape”是形状;选项D“form”是形式。

雕塑以其精致的细节而出名,所以选A。

3.The music piece is full of emotional ______.A.expressionB.feelingC.sensationD.impression答案:A。

选项A“expression”表示表达、表情;选项B“feeling”是感觉;选项C“sensation”是感觉、知觉;选项D“impression”是印象。

音乐充满情感表达,所以选A。

4.The dance performance shows great ______ of movement.A.graceB.beautyC.eleganceD.fluidity答案:D。

选项A“grace”是优雅;选项B“beauty”是美丽;选项C“elegance”是高雅;选项D“fluidity”是流畅性。

舞蹈表演展现出很大的动作流畅性,所以选D。

5.The play is praised for its powerful ______.A.dialogueB.plotC.characterD.theme答案:D。

SentenceCombination合句翻译

SentenceCombination合句翻译
Sentence Combination合句翻

目录
Contents
• 引言 • 合句翻译技巧 • 常见问题与解决方案 • 实际应用案例 • 练习与提高
01 引言
定义与重要性
定义
Sentence Combination,合句翻译, 是指将两个或多个独立的句子合并为 一个长句,以实现更流畅、连贯的文 本表达。
旅游文本翻译还需要根据不同的传 播渠道进行适当的调整,如针对线 上平台和印刷品的不同特点进行排 版和语言风格的选择。
商务合同翻译
01
商务合同翻译要求严谨、准确 ,确保合同条款的完整性和准 确性,避免因语言差异造成歧 义或误解。
02
在商务合同翻译中,需要了解 相关法律法规和行业规范,以 确保合同内容的合法性和合规 性。
03
商务合同翻译还需要考虑合同 双方的文化背景和商业习惯, 以促进合同的顺利执行和双方 的合作。
法律文件翻译
法律文件翻译要求高度准确和规范,确保法律条文的准确传达和法律程序 的正确执行。
在法律文件翻译中,需要遵循目标语言的法律术语和表达习惯,同时要注 重语言的严谨性和专业性。
法律文件翻译还需要根据不同的法律体系进行适当的调整,以适应不同国 家的法律环境。
主谓不一致通常是由于主语和谓语之间的逻辑关系不清晰或语 法错误引起的。例如,“The book is written by him”应该
改为“He wrote the book”。
解决方案
在翻译时,应确保主语和谓语在语法上一致,并检查句子 中的其他成分是否与主谓结构相匹配。
时态不匹配
总结词
时态不匹配是指句子中的时态前后不一致,导致句子意思表达不清。
详细描述

英语句子匹配连续题的做法和技巧

英语句子匹配连续题的做法和技巧

英语句子匹配连续题的做法与技巧English sentence matching consecutive questions are a common task in language proficiency tests, particularly in the realm of standardized exams. These questions often require candidates to identify logical relationships between sentences and match them accordingly. To excel in this task, it is crucial to have a solid understanding of sentence structure, vocabulary, and contextual meaning.Here are some key strategies and techniques to help you approach English sentence matching consecutive questions effectively.1. **Understand the Sentence Structure**: The firststep is to analyze the sentence structure of each option. Identify the subject, verb, and object to understand the basic meaning of the sentence. Look for similar patterns or key words that can help you match sentences. 2. **Focus on Vocabulary**: Vocabulary knowledge is crucial in sentence matching. Familiarize yourself with common vocabulary and their synonyms. This will help you identify relationships between sentences that might not be immediately apparent. 3. **Analyze Contextual Meaning**: Understanding thecontextual meaning of a sentence is essential. Read the sentences carefully and identify any implicit information or inferences. This will help you match sentences based on their logical relationships. 4. **Eliminate Options**: As you analyze each sentence, eliminate options that do notfit the criteria. This will narrow down your choices and make the matching process more manageable. 5. **Practice with Samples**: Practicing with sample questions will help you familiarize yourself with the task and improve your speed and accuracy. Look for practice materials online or in textbooks and work through them regularly. 6. **Time Management**: In timed exams, managing your timeeffectively is crucial. Allocate a reasonable amount of time to each question and don't get stuck on one question for too long. If you're unsure about an answer, mark it and move on to the next question. 7. **Review and Refine**: After completing a set of questions, review your answers and identify any mistakes. Reflect on the strategies you used and consider ways to improve your approach. Regular practice and refinement will help you develop a stronger understanding of sentence matching techniques.By following these strategies and techniques, you can improve your chances of scoring well on English sentence matching consecutive questions. Remember, practice makes perfect, so keep working on your language skills and applying these techniques to real-world scenarios.**英语句子匹配连续题的做法与技巧**英语句子匹配连续题是语言水平测试中常见的题型,尤其在标准化考试中占据一席之地。

八年级英语拼写高级技巧单选题65题

八年级英语拼写高级技巧单选题65题

八年级英语拼写高级技巧单选题65题1. In the sentence "The ______ is so beautiful in the early morning." which word should be filled in?A. sceenB. sceneC. seeneD. sciene答案:B。

解析:本题考查单词“scene”(场景、景色)的拼写。

选项A“sceen”是错误拼写,没有这种组合方式。

选项C“seene”也是错误的,多了一个“e”。

选项D“sciene”与正确单词相差较大,“scene”中的“c”发/s/音,“e”不发音,这是固定的拼写规则。

2. "The old man has a ______ memory of his childhood." Choose the correct word.A. wierdB. weerdC. weirdD. weard答案:C。

解析:“weird”((奇怪的)的拼写是比较特殊的。

选项A“wierd”拼写错误。

选项B“weerd”同样是错误的。

选项D“weard”也不符合正确的拼写,正确的拼写是“weird”,其中“ei”的组合是这个单词的正确形式。

3. "She has a ______ voice like an angel." What's the right word?B. suthC. smoothD. smuth答案:C。

解析:“smooth”((平滑的、柔和的)的正确拼写。

选项A“sooth”意思是“真实、安慰”,不是表示声音柔和的单词,且拼写不符合要求。

选项B“suth”是错误的自创拼写。

选项D“smuth”也是错误的,正确的“smooth”中“oo”发/uː/音,这是其正确的拼写形式。

4. "The ______ of the forest is very mysterious." Select the correct one.A. deapthB. depthC. deethD. deipth答案:B。

高三名词性从句高级分析练习40题

高三名词性从句高级分析练习40题

高三名词性从句高级分析练习40题1<背景文章>The story of Dr. Smith's remarkable discovery is one that has captivated the scientific community. What started as a simple curiosity led to a groundbreaking exploration. Dr. Smith had always wondered __1__ the mysteries of the universe could be unlocked. This question drove him to embark on a journey of research and experimentation.He spent countless hours in the laboratory, pondering __2__ the key to his discovery might lie. As he delved deeper into his work, he realized that the answer might be found in a previously overlooked area of study.Dr. Smith's colleagues were initially skeptical about his ideas, but he was determined to prove __3__ he was on the right track. He presented his theories at conferences and engaged in lively discussions with other scientists, all the while refining his understanding of __4__ his discovery could have far-reaching implications.Finally, after years of hard work, Dr. Smith made the discovery that would change the course of scientific history. He had uncovered a new phenomenon that shed light on __5__ many of the universe's mysteries might be solved.1. A. how B. what C. that D. which2. A. where B. when C. why D. that3. A. that B. what C. which D. how4. A. that B. what C. how D. which5. A. how B. what C. that D. which答案:1. A;2. A;3. A;4. C;5. A。

Sentence Combination合句翻译

Sentence Combination合句翻译

B、按内容连贯合译
1)、旧历新年快来了。//这是一年中的第一件大事。// 除了那些负债过多的人以外,大家都热烈地欢迎这 个佳节的到来。 The traditional New Year Holiday was fast approaching, the first big event of the year, and everyone, except those who owed heavy debts—which traditionally had to be paid off before the end of the year—was enthusiastically looking forward to it. 2)、但是当时日军侵占华北,而内战依然不断。//在 全国危机日益加深的情况下,激进主义思潮开始在 校园蔓延。 But as the national crisis deepened when the longstanding civil war merged with Japan’s conquest in the North, a wave of radicalism began to spread on the campus.
Sentence Combination 合句翻译
1.
Sentence Combination—the process of combining two or more than two short Chinese or English sentences into one long English or Chinese sentence so as to make the version acceptable in the target language. 合句译法—在翻译中依照所译入语的表达 习惯与需要,将原文的两个或者更多的句子 翻译成译语的一个句子。该译法常用于汉译 英,因为英语句子一般要比汉语句子长,具 有更大的容量。因此,在汉译英时有必要、 也有可能把汉语的两个或者更多的句子翻译 成一个英语句子。偶尔该译法亦可用于英译 汉。
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Key to sentence combinationCABLE CAR1.The empty cable car approaches, clanging its bell and swaying as thoughslightly drunk.ORAs the empty car approaches, it clangs its bell and sways as though slightlydrunk.2. The harsh and metallic grinding of the brakes drowns out the babbling ofpeople waiting in line.3. Most of them are tourists adorned with sunglasses and cameras who pressexcitedly to secure a good view.4.When one man whose stomach is swollen from too many lager beers refusesto move from a good vantage point and forces other passengers to squeeze past, he angers them.OROne man whose stomach is swollen from too many lager beers refuses tomove from a good vantage point and forces other passengers to squeeze past,which angers them.5. After the tourists are all crammed inside, the cable car lurches awayawkwardly from the station, heading down to Fisherman’s Wharf.6. At Fisherman’s Wharf it will pick up another batch of impatient passengersand struggle back up the hill.ROLLER COASTER1-3 The roller coaster, which made its appearance in 1884, is still one of the most exciting rides in an amusement park.4-9 Even the newer and fancier rides, which are like log flumes and screaming demons, fail to draw the crowds who line up to ride the roller coaster.10-12 Both the young and the old seem to enjoy the traditional roller coaster.12-23 Its open cars and steep inclines combine the simplicity of railroad with the sudden and stomach churning plunge of an Alpine ski jump and the winding swirl of a run for bobsleds.24-29 When the coaster starts slowly like a train pulling away from a station, the passengers who have waited in line for over an hour ready themselves for the first hill.30-32 The cars, whose wheels are clicking every inch of the way, jerk hesitantly as the coaster climbs to the summit.33-37 The passengers who have been waiting for this moment and are poised at the peak, brace themselves for the exhilarating downhill plunge.38-40 The cars dive, whipping them into a frenzy of screams and laughter.41-47 The coaster sweeps through the first valley and races on to the other dips and turns in a continuous flow of motion, which leaves the thrill seekers, whose knuckles are white from gripping the retaining bars, hanging in midair.48-53 Then the cars glide smoothly onto the last straightaway when the brakes gradually stop the ride that never fails to please and excite riders.THE COLONEL1-8 The artillery shells boomed in the distance, shaking the ground slightly and making bursts of light on the dark horizon.9-12 Tired of looking at maps and planning the attack on the next day, the colonel walked away from the headquarters.13-16 The colonel passed a group of young soldiers lying under a tree in the dark. 17-22 One of the soldiers was playing a harmonica, whose wounds were a strangely cheerful counterpoint to the ugly and menacing boom in the distance.23-26Silent and half asleep, the other soldiers lay around him like the spokes on the wheel.ORThe other soldiers lay around him like the spokes on the wheel, silent andhalf asleep.27-28 Not wishing to interrupt their rest, the colonel walked quickly by them.29-36 He stopped farther down the road and sat on a rock, listening to the cheerful and high-pitched tunes interrupted by the sporadic and distant boom.THE CHILDREN’S CRUSADE1-4 In northern France bands of children assembled under the leadership of Stephen of Cloyes, a shepherd boy who promised to lead them across the seato the Holy land.5-9 They wandered through the French countryside to Marseilles, a port on the Mediterranean, only to find that the sea did not open to let them pass.10-12 Some of the children returned home, but some fell into the hands of unscrupulous sea captains, who sold them into slavery in North Africa.13-14 The Children’s Crusade began and ended in 1212.15-20 It was a movement of children from France and Germany who were led to believe that like the children of Israel before them they could recovermiraculously the Holy land.21 Not a single child from either country ever reached the Holy land.22-27 In Germany, twenty thousand children mostly from the lower classes left their homes to follow Nicholas, a peasant boy and a visionary from Cologne.28-30 Nicholas believed that the Holy Sepulchre, Christ’s tomb, could be rescued from the Muslims only by crusaders who were innocent and pure of heart.31-35 Having struggled through the Rhine V alley and southern Germany, across the Alps and into Italy, Nicholas and his followers finally arrived at Genoa.ORNicholas and his followers struggled through the Rhine V alley and southernGermany, across the Alps and into Italy before they finally arrived at Genoa.36-39 Only one-third of the children survived the march because some died of died or hunger, and some were kidnapped by slave merchants.40-42 Those who survived the march either failed to find passage across the Mediterranean Sea or were shipwrecked during their journey.FISHING1-5 The boys leaned against the willow tree next to the steam, (their) fishing poles resting on sticks, (and their) eyes gazing at the bobbers floating on the ripples.6-8 While the morning had been cool and comfortable, the afternoon was growing sultry.9-12 Both boys had taken great pleasure in planning the trip and looked forward to Friday, their only day off from school all spring.13-18 The bass not having been biting,the boys spent most of the morning talkingand occasionally dozing off to dream of catching fish.19-24 Instead of taking the lines, the fish periodically teased the boys, nibbling at the bait, jumping within arms’ reach of the boys on the bank.25-28 Although the boys tried changing bait, rods and places, nothing worked.29-32 One tiny bluegill did strike late in the afternoon, but it fell off just as it was drawn near the bank.33That was the end.34-41 Their stomachs crying for food, their back burning from too much sun, and their legs stiff from sitting, the two boys gathered their gear and headed formhome.。

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