托福讲义

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TOEFL写作讲义-胡旭辉

TOEFL写作讲义-胡旭辉

独立写作讲义(1)对立观点题型。

Some people prefer to eat at food stands or restaurants. Other people prefer to prepare and eat food at home. Which do you prefer? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.It has been said, "Not all learning takes place in the classroom." Compare and contrast knowledge gained from personal experience with knowledge gained from classroom instruction. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why?引言段思路:阐述背景,明确表明自己支持的观点。

模板:Nowadays it is widely acknowledged that __ has played an essential role in peoples life, (可具体描述该主题的重要性)As a result the question is often raised as to whether___________________ or _______________. To this question, people’s opinions vary, with some claiming that it is much better to ______________and others holding that ________ is a better choice. (背景阐述)Taking into account the major factors involved, I cast my vote for the former/latter opinion, and this essay will explore the reasons for my stance(明确立场).可以用自己的语言来开头,尤其是背景阐述,可以针对论题进行简单描述。

托福口语初级讲义PDF

托福口语初级讲义PDF

北京新东⽅方学校托福⼜⼝口语初级讲义TOEFL Speaking Primary Training北京新东⽅方北美VIP托福⼜⼝口语教研组北京新东⽅方学校Chapter 1 ⼝口语常⽤用句式组织3 Chapter 2 独⽴立任务22话题1 ⼈人物22话题2 地⽅方22话题3 书籍23话题4 事24话题5 ⾷食物25话题6 交通26话题7 ⾳音乐26话题8 新闻27话题9 科技27话题10 环境28话题11 ⾐衣着29话题12 运动30话题13 学校30话题14 学习30话题15 健康31话题16 孩⼦子教育31 Chapter 3 ⽼老托听⼒力33 Chapter 4 综合题例题45Task345Task445Task546Task646 Chapter 5 ⾳音标及语法48Part 1: ⾳音标48Part 2: 语法56Chapter 1 ⼜⼝口语常⽤用句式组织a big loss for… ...的⼤大损失a bunch of… ⼀一些...a bunch of people ⼀一群⼈人a couple of ...⼀一些...a couple of years ⼏几年a flash of light ⼀一道闪光a lack of… 缺少…a large expanse of… … ⼴广阔的区域a legitimate concern 合理的想法a matter of time 时间问题a series of... ⼀一系列a species of… ⼀一种(指物种)…a sure thing 绝对的事a tremendous amount of … ⼤大量的...a waste of money 浪费钱a waste of time 浪费时间academic journals 学术期刊accomplish sth. 完成某事,实现某事according to 据...说achieve sth.; get sth. done 完成某事add sth up 把...加起来add up 累积admit to sb. 向…承认agree on… 在…上达成共识agree/disagree with… 同意, 反对ahead of time 提前, 先前, 事前all over… 遍布于…allow sb. to do… 使能做...appeal to sb. 对…有吸引⼒力apply for… 申请…apply…to… 把…⽤用于…are used to… ⽤用于...as a result 结果是, 因此as good as… 和...⼀一样好as many as possible 越多越好ask somebody for a deadline extension 向某⼈人请求延期at a huge cost 成本, 代价⾼高昂at least ⾄至少At the beginning of … ...的开始available 可利⽤用的avoid doing something 避免做...award ceremony 颁奖仪式be able to do… 有能⼒力做…be able to… 能够...be affordable for sb. 对某⼈人来说是可以⽀支付得起的be aware of… 知道...be comfortable with sth. 对…感到舒⼼心be committed to … 决⼼心从事…be concerned about… 担忧…be concerned about...关⼼心…be conscious of… 意识到...be covered with… 被覆盖…be crowded with… 充满…be determined to… 下决⼼心做...be directly exposed to … 直接暴露在…be essential for… 对…⾄至关重要be excited about… 对…感到兴奋be exposed to… 使暴露…be exposed to… 暴露于…be familiar with… 对…熟悉be good for… 对....有益be held responsible for… … 被追究责任be hinged in the middle 卡在中间be in great shape 状态很好Be interested in… 对...感兴趣be involved in… 参与...be likely to… 有可能...be likely to do … 有可能做...be likely to do/be… 可能...be limited to… 被限制在...be made of … 由…制成be more likely to… 更有可能去… be noted for… 因为...⽽而闻名be of higher quality 更⾼高质量的be popular with sb. 为…所欢迎be proud of sb 为…感到骄傲be qualified to do… 有资格做… be really good at… ⾮非常擅长于... be required to do… 被要求去做... be responsible for… 对…事情负责任be serious about… 对…认真be strict about… 对...严格be strict with… 对…要求严格be supposed to… 本应该...be threatened by… 受到…威胁be thrilled about… 对…感到激动be used to do… 过去常常做…be used to doing… 习惯于做…be viewed by sb. 被…观看be well prepared for… 准备充分be willing to do… 愿意做…be/get addicted to 对...上瘾be/get involved in… 参与…become used to… 习惯于…begin by doing... 以…开始beneath the Earth’s surface 地下benefit from… 从…受益benefit from… 从…获益best/perfect match 最好的搭配better understand… 更好地理解...a big help 帮⼤大忙big storm ⼀一场⼤大风暴block sb.’s view 阻挡了某⼈人的视线block out… 阻拦, 封闭body features ⾝身体特征break apart 分裂break down 分裂break down 崩溃,分解,分类,故障(机器)break down (机器、系统等)坏了break into… 突然发出, 闯⼊入...bring about… 造成,引起(某事)…;创造;实现build up 构成bus ride 搭公车bus schedule 公车时刻表by hand ⼿手⼯工的⽅方式,⽤用⼿手by the end of… 到…末by the time when…到某个时候by the way 顺便说说,顺便问⼀一下, 在途中call out 叫喊, 召集came out 出现campus security 校警catch up with… 赶上, 追上change one's mind 改变主意check the schedule 查看⾏行程choose to do… 选择做…clear sth. away 把…清除close to… 离…近come into contact with… 接触,交流come up with… 想出, 提出...come along ⼀一起来communicate sth. to… 把…传递给… compete with… 和…竞争complement goods 互补品conflict with… 跟...冲突consider sth. essential 认为...是⾮非常有必要的consider sth. late 把…看做是迟的continue doing sth. 继续做… convince sb. 使…相信count on… 指望,依靠cover sth. for sb. 替某⼈人做...cross one’s mind 突然想起, 偶然想到cut down… 削减…cut out… 剪掉, 删去,停⽌止deal with… 应付...deciding factor 决定因素decrease by… 下降了(+下降的具体数字)… depend on… 依靠develop new or diverse products 开发新的或不同的产品devote time to… 投⼊入时间做…difference between A and B A与B的不同different from 与…有所不同different kinds of… 不同种类的different perspective 不同的观点difficult situation (处于)困难的境地diffuse into… 渗透了...disagree with… 不同意...disappoint sb. 使…失望discontinue/eliminate the service 终⽌止服务discourage sb. from… 阻⽌止…distract sb. 使…分⼼心do interviews ⾯面试do some good 有好处do sth. in advance 提前draw attention 吸引注意⼒力dress casually 穿着随意的drop out of 从...退出dry out 变⼲干,晾⼲干dry up ⼲干旱eight to ten times greater than… ⽐比…⼤大8-10倍enable sb. to do… 使某⼈人能够做…encounter new circumstance 遇到新的环境end up doing... 结束做…energy-efficient 节能⾼高效engage in… 参加,从事,忙于... enjoy doing… 享受做...equally well ⼀一样好established company 知名公司even if… 哪怕...even though… 即使, 虽然existing resources 现有资源expect sb. to do… 期待某⼈人做... extreme temperatures 极端温度fall in love with… 爱上…feel funny 感觉很奇怪feel like doing… 想要...figure out… 解决,想出… figure out… 弄清楚,明⽩白... final exams 期末考试find a solution 找出⼀一个解决⽅方案find out 发现(真相)find sth.+adj. 发现…怎么样first of all ⾸首先first-hand knowledge ⼀一⼿手信息fit into… 装进/融⼊入...fit right in 穿着正合适fix up 修理,安排focus on… 注视着...follow one‘s advice 听从某⼈人建议for instance 例如form a bridge 架⼀一座桥from place to place 到处,各地fulfil the requirement 达成要求full time work 全职⼯工作gain confidence 获得信⼼心get … done 完成…get a bad cold 重感冒get cancelled 被取消get caught 陷⼊入,被抓住get excited 兴奋起来get in touch with… 联系...get into an argument 争吵,争执get me wrong 误解我get quite upset 很沮丧,很不开⼼心get sth. done 完成…get stuck with sth. 卡在那⼉儿get to do sth. 有机会做…get used to sth. /doing sth. 习惯于… give a presentation 做演讲,做报告give in… 屈服,让步...give it a shot 试试give off 发出(味道);长出(枝芽)give somebody a reminder 提醒某⼈人go ahead 发⽣生,进⾏行,前进go back and forth 来回⾛走go down 下降go over my notes 复习笔记go over 翻,转为,重温go shopping for sth. 购买…go through… 经受…go up against… 打败…go up/down 上升/下降grow attached to… 迷恋,着迷于...grow into… 成长为…hand in… 上交...handle major responsibilities for… 肩负主要职责happen to 碰巧,万⼀一hard on sb. 对某⼈人⽐比较苛刻hardly ever ⼏几乎不harsh climate 极端⽓气候have a concert 开⼀一个演唱会have a good time 玩的开⼼心have a hard time doing… 做…不容易have a positive/negative influence on 有积极/消极影响have already been waiting… ⼀一直在等…have an impact on… 对...有影响have control over… 控制…have doubts about… 对...表⽰示怀疑have little contact with… 跟…没什么联系have the ability to do… 可以...have trouble doing sth. 做...有困难have nothing to do with… 与…⽆无关health-conscious 有健康意识(的)hear from… 收到…的来信help sb. to do sth. 有助于某⼈人做某事help somebody out 帮助某⼈人hide from predators 躲避捕⾷食者highly developed ⾼高度发展/开发/发育的hold on to sth. 坚持human intelligence ⼈人类智慧,⼈人⼯工智能I am all for it 完全赞同,同意I am looking forward to sth. 对...很期望I can’t imagine… 我⽆无法想象… improve one’s performance in class 提⾼高课堂表现improve overnight ⼀一夜之间改善in a day or two ⼀一两天之后in a long run. 长时间in a row 连续in a rush 匆忙地in a way 在某种程度上;有点⼉儿in all directions 从各个⾓角度in an effort to… 企图,努⼒力想,试图要做… in connection with… 与…有关in exchange 作为交换in fact 实际上in one’s lifetime 在…的⼀一⽣生中in order to… 为了…in other words 换句话来说in particular 尤其in session 在开庭;在开会;在上课in spite of… 尽管…in terms of… 就…⽽而⾔言in that case 那样的话/那种情况下in the meantime 同时in the middle of 在…当中,之中in the past 在过去in time 及时in truth 事实上increase sales 提升销量in-demand 受欢迎的,⾮非常需要的,销路好的instead of… 代替,不是…⽽而是…interact with sb. 与...交流/互动interfere with one’s concentration ⼲干扰某⼈人的注意⼒力invisible 隐形的involve 涉及到I don’t like this sport, it involves too much physical confrontation; it is an honour to do sth. 很荣幸地......It is possible that… …是有可能的It takes …to do something. 做某事需要花费…年的时间。

托福写作基础讲义1

托福写作基础讲义1

写作高频场景词汇:School and Education1) 作为团队工作work as/ in a team2) 在...的帮助下with the help of3) 穿校服wear a school uniform4) 使用学校设备use the school facilities/ equipment5) 参加...的新生引导课程take an orientation course6) 与小组一起学习study with a group7) 出国留学study abroad8) 与某人分享观点share a idea/ ideas with someone9) 与某人同住一室share a room with sb10) 现实生活经验real life experience11) 优先考虑... put a priority on12) 追求个人兴趣pursue one’s individual interest13) 提倡创造性思维promote/ advocate creative thinking/ critical thinking14) 预防校园暴力prevent school violence15) 参与课堂讨论participate in a class discussion16) 理清思路organize one’s thoughts17) 选修科目optional subjects18) 提供教育机会offer/ provide an educational opportunity19) 在...方面改变make a change in...20) 主修major in21) 住宿舍live in a dormitory/ dorm22) 讲座lectures23) 通过...学习learn by/ via/ through + doing24) 自学learn by myself/ teach myself25) 增加教育预算increase the education budget26) 增加某人的潜力increase one’s potential/ 能力capability27) 有机会... have the opportunity to do sth28) 对...有很大的影响have a strong impact on sth29) 对...有强烈的好奇心have a strong curiosity about30) 进行关于...的讨论have a discussion about31) 有...文凭/学历have a diploma/ certification in32) 有...的选择have a choice of33) 从学校毕业graduate from34) 上私立学校go to a private/ public school35) 经历青春期go through puberty36) 因...给某人奖励give someone a prize37) 取得好成绩get a good grade38) 收到良好的教育get good education39) 获得最新的信息gain/ receive the latest information/ news40) 从...获得知识gain knowledge from41) 组成学习小组form a study group42) 感到来自同龄个人的压力feel peer/ contemporaries pressure43) 面对问题face a problem44) 课外活动extracurricular activities45) 拓展知识expand/ gain/ acquire/ obtain/ get/ accumulate one’s knowled ge46) 获得学分earn a credit47) 培养在...方面的专长develop expertise in...48) 必修科目compulsory subjects49) 职业准备career preparation50) 建学校build/ establish school51) 开始正规教育begin formal education52) 必须...,被要求.... be required/ suppose to do53) 参与户外活动participate/ take part in/ join in/ attend outdoor activities54) 在...方面有能力;能胜任... be competent/ capable in55) 上大学attend college/ university56) 上课attend classes57) 参加夏令营participate/ engage in/ , be/ get involved in a summer camp58) 给某人布置家庭走也assign homework to somebody59) 中学、大学 a primary/ middle/ high school. Secondary school.60) 研究领域 a field of study写作高频场景词汇:Family and Society1) 拜访邻居visit one’s neighborhood2) 使用公共交通工具use public transportation3) 没有做... without doing4) 把某人看作... treat someone as, treat them as competitor5) 青少年犯罪teenager delinquencies/ juvenile delinquency6) 养家support a family, feed one’s family7) 对...表示尊敬show respect to8) 展现领导才能show leadership skills9) 解决问题solve problems10) 使某人想起某事remind sb of something11) 信仰某种宗教believe in a particular religion12) 宣誓对...效忠pledge loyalty to13) 将某人的价值观传递给... pass on one’s values to...14) 参加社区活动participate in community activities15) 做出重要决定make an important decision16) 对...做出贡献make a contribution to17) 住在郊区live in suburban/ suburb areas18) 跟上keep up with19) 记住某事keep sth in mind20) 照看、留心keep an eye on21) 普遍认同it is generally agreed that...22) 改善公共交通improve public transportation23) 有高标准have high standards24) 有...的倾向have a tendency to do25) 有社区意识have a sense of community26) 有...感have a sense of achievement/ fulfillment/ accomplishment; humor; belonging; happiness27) 与...有密切的关系have a close relationship with28) 与...相处get along with29) 获得...的支持gain the support of sb/ some organization30) 建立组织set up/ form an organization31) 形成舆论form public opinion/ lead public opinion32) 效仿某人imitate sb; follow in one’s footsteps33) 感到安全feel security34) 感觉被...吸引be attracted to/ feel an attraction to35) 顺便去购物中心drop in at a shopping center36) 为生计做某事do something for a living37) 负担得起... afford to do38) 建立信任build up trust39) 培养社会技能cultivate/ develop social skills40) 从...中获益benefit from41) 建立人脉build social connections/ social circles42) 成为...的居民become a resident of43) 孤立于.... be isolated from44) 需要帮助be in need of help45) 对...友好be hospitable to46) 情感上依附于... be emotionally attached to47) 致力于... be committed to/ commit oneself to/ devote oneself to48) 因...而著名be celebrated for/ be famous for/ be famous as做为。

托福写作讲义_暑假班

托福写作讲义_暑假班

托福写作讲义_暑假班新托福写作讲义,4,作文的连贯与衔接“启”,首先,first, firstly, first of all, to begin with, in the first place, to start with, in the beginning,at first,一方面,on the one hand (…on the other hand) For one thing…, for another…一般说来,generally speaking, in general现在,目前,at present, now, currently最近,recently“承”第二/第三,second, secondly / third, thirdly此外,besides, in addition, furthermore, what’s more, moreover, in addition to, moreover 而且,also, too例如,for example, for instance, as an example, as another example 即,也就是说,namely, in other words, (In other words, she must give up singing.换言之, 她必须放弃唱歌。

) that is to say, it means that, that is,同样地,in the same way, similarly,用于句首,= likewise后来,from now on, later on, after a few days, after a while, then, 与此同时,meanwhile,此时,by this time1新托福写作讲义不久,soon因此,as a result, consequently, so同样重要,equally important“转”虽然,though, as, although,尽管,nevertheless,后面跟句子,, despite, in spite of ,后面加名词或代词,但是,but, yet,however即使,even though/even if ,后面加从句,相反,on the contrary, conversely ,相反地,颠倒地,, rather than, instead of…另一方面,on the other hand不幸地,unfortunately仍然,still与…不同,unlike“合”因此,hence,as a result, so, for this reason, as a result of总之,in conclusion, in short, in brief, in summary, briefly最终,eventually, at last,如我所说,as I have said, as has been said于是,accordinglye.g. He was told to speak briefly; accordingly he cut short his remarks.2新托福写作讲义人家叫他说话简短, 于是他就长话短说了。

托福口语讲义

托福口语讲义
Another great thing about the aquarium is that I could learn a lot about the living habits of certain fishes and some other interesting things like that, because they regularly provide a vivid introduction about all the fishes they have.
3
Sample answer: TST
T: Topic sentence (one sentence) S: Supporting ideas (personal
experience, examples, figures, reasons) T: Transition (first, second, also, finally,
It could help me learn a lot about how to cooperate and coordinate with other teammates/ my favorite writers and those newly-published interesting novels from all over the world.
make really delicious food. Every time I go there, I couldn’t help but eat a lot until I find myself too full. Another great thing about this restaurant is that they provide us a very cozy environment and usually play very nice music, so when I have my meal while enjoying the music, I feel really relaxed. I guess that’s why I love going there so often.

托福讲义学生版

托福讲义学生版
第一节教育
29个题目;48次考察
话题主要分为以下四类:
学习内容(学什么)
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?All high school students should take basic economic courses.
教学方法(老师怎么教?学生怎么学?)
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is more important for students to understand ideas and concepts than learn facts.
电视电影的积极方面
电视电影的消极方面
2.电脑网络
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?Playing computer games is a waste of time.Children should not be allowed to do so.
折中态度:不要谈最重要,谈重要因素之一。学校教育及相关社会实践能够学习知识和培养能力。
不同意:
2.教学方法
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is more important for students to understand ideas and concepts than learn facts.(2007-2-24)
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?It is more important to award students for efforts than for achievement.(2006-6-24)

新东方托福阅读教师讲义

新东方托福阅读教师讲义

新东方托福阅读教师讲义托福阅读是很多人的心头大患,下面小编给大家整理的是新东方托福阅读教师讲义,希望对大家有帮助。

托福考试教师阅读讲义(一)1. 句子简化题The Great Red SpotOne distinctive feature of the planet Jupiter is the Great Red Spot, a massive oval of swirling reddish-brown clouds. Were Earth to be juxtaposed with the Great Red Spot, our planet would be dwarfed in comparison, with a diameter less than half that of the Great Red Spot. The Spot’s clouds, most likely tinted red as a result of the phosphorus that they contain, circulate in a counterclockwise direction. The outer winds require six Earth days to complete the circumference of the Great Red Spot, a length of time indicative of vastness of the Great Red Spot.1. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. The density of the Great Red spot is much higher than that the Earth.B. If the diameter of the Great Red Spot were doubled, it would equal that of the Earth.C. By placing the Earth next to the Great Red Spot, one could see the Earth has a much smaller diameter.D. Because the Earth is close to the Great Red Spot, Earth is influenced by its huge size.答案:C2.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essentialinformation in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. The Earth’s outer winds move a distance equal to the circumference of the Great Red Spot.B. The outer winds of the Great Red Spot move more quickly than do those on Earth.C. The Winds moving across the Great Red Spot finally change direction every six Earth days.D. The fact that the winds take so long to move around the Great Red Spot proves how big it is.答案:DPassage One (Question 1-2)CamouflageCamouflage is one of the most effective ways for animals to avoid attack in the treeless Arctic. However, the summer and winter landscapes there are so diverse that a single protective coloring scheme would, of course, prove ineffective in one season or the other. Thus, many of the inhabitants of the Arctic tundra change their camouflage twice a year. The arctic fox is a clear-cut example of this phenomenon; it sports a brownish-gray coat in the summer which then turns white as cold weather sets in, and the process reverses itself in the springtime. Its brownish-gray coat blends in with the barren tundra landscape in the months without snow, and the white coat naturally blends in with the landscape of the frozen wintertime tundra.1. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the first highlighted sentence in the passage?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. Opposite conditions in summer and in winter necessitate different protective coloration for Arctic animals.B. The coloration of the summer and winter landscapes in the Arctic fails to protect the Arctic tundra.C. In a single season, protective coloring scheme are ineffective in the treeless Arctic.D. For many animals, a single protective coloring scheme effectively protects them during summer and winter months.答案:A2. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the second highlighted sentence in the passage?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. The arctic fox is unusual in that he color of its coat changes for no reason.B. The arctic fox lives in an environment that is brownish gray in the summer and white in the winter.C. It is a phenomenon that the coat of the arctic fox turns white I the springtime and gray in the fall.D. The arctic fox demonstrates that protective coloration can change during different seasons.答案:DPassage Two (Question 3-6)Post-it NotesPost-it Notes were invented in the 1970s at the 3M company in Minnesota quite by accident, Researchers at 3M were working on developing different types of adhesives, and one particularly weak adhesive, a compound of acrylate copolymer microspheres, was developed. Employees at 3M were asked if they could think of a use for a weak adhesive which, provided it did not get dirty,could be reused. One suggestion was that it could be applied to a piece of paper to use as a bookmark that would stay in place in a book. Another use was found when the product was attached to a report that was to be sent to a colleague with a request for comments on the report; the colleague made his comments on the paper attached to the report and returned the report. The idea for Post-it Notes was born.It was decided within the company that there would be a test launch of product in 1977 in four American cities. Sales of this innovative product in test cities were less than stellar, most likely because the product, while innovative, was also quite unfamiliar.A final attempt was then made in the city of Boise to introduce the product. In that attempt, 3M salesmen gave demonstrations of the product in offices throughout Boise and gave away free samples of the produce. When the salesmen returned a week later to the office workers, having noted how useful the simple little product could be, were interested in purchasing it. Over time, 3M came to understand the huge potential of this new product, and over the next few decades more than 400 varieties of Post-it products - in different colors, shapes, and sizes –have been developed.3. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the first highlighted sentence in the passage 1?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. Of the many adhesives that were being developed at 3M, one was not a particularly strong adhesive.B. Researchers at 3M spent many years trying to develop a really weak adhesive.C. Numerous weak adhesives resulted from a program todevelop the strongest adhesive of all.D. Researchers were assigned to develop different types of uses for acrylate copolymer microspheres.答案:A4. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the second highlighted sentence in the passage 1?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. The 3M company suggested applying for a patent on the product in a report prepared by a colleague.B. One unexpectedly-discovered use for the adhesive was in sending and receiving notes attached to documents.C. A note was attached to a report asking for suggestion for uses of one of 3M’s products.D. A colleague who developed the new product kept notes with suggestions by other workers.答案:B5. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the first highlighted sentence in the passage 2?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. The 3M company was unfamiliar with the process of using test cities to introduce innovative products.B. Sales of the product soared even though the product was quite unfamiliar to most customers.C. The new product did not sell well because potential customers did not understand it.D. After selling the product for a while, the company understood that the product was not innovative enough.答案:C6. Which of the sentences below expresses the essential information in the second highlighted sentence in the passage 2?Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. The company immediately understood the potential of the product and began to develop it further.B. The company worked overtime to develop its new product, initially creating numerous varieties to make it successful.C. The company initially introduced 400 varieties of the product and then watched for decades as sales improved.D. It took some time for the company to understand how important its new product was and how many variation were possible.答案:D托福考试教师阅读讲义(二)Sand Dunes1 Sandy deserts contain enormous volumes of sand eroded from mountains and carried to the deserts by wind or water. The huge quantities of sand that make up sandy deserts are blow about into dunes of various shapes.2 Ridge dunes form where there are large amounts of sand, generally in the interiors of deserts, and winds blow in one direction. Under there conditions, parallel ridges of sand, known as transverse dunes, form at right angles to the wind.3 When the direction of the wind changes so that it comes from different directions, star-shaped dunes form from the massive amounts of sand in desert interiors. Star-shaped dunes are relatively stable dunes that reach incredible heights, up to 80 meters high in some deserts, and are quite common in massive deserts such as the Sahara.4 Crescent dunes form on the edges of deserts where there is less sand and where the winds blow mainly in one direction. These dunes, which are also known as barchan dunes are less stable than star-shaped dunes and can shift as much as 20 meters per year as winds blow over the outer curves of the crescent in the direction of the pointed ends.Directions: Select the appropriate sentences from the answer choices, and match them to the critical information about the sand dunes to which they relate. THREE of the answer choices will not be used. This question is worth 3 points.amount ofsand··direction ofwinds··Answer Choices (choose 4 to complete the chart):(1) Ridge and crescent dunes form where the winds blow from one direction.(2) Crescent dunes are also known as barchan dunes.(3) Star-shaped dunes form where the winds blow from different directions.(4) Transverse dunes are created parallel to the wind.(5) Ridge and star dunes form where there is a lot of sand.(6) Star-shaped dunes are more stable than crescent dunes.(7) Crescent dunes form where there is less sand.参考答案:第一栏:(5)、(7)第二栏:(1)、(3)William Faulkner1 Author William Faulkner is today recognized as one of America's greatest writers on the basis of a body of novels that so convincingly portray the culture of the South in the years following the Civil War, with its citizens overcome by grief and defeat and trying to cling to old values while struggling to take their place in a changing world. The acclaim that today is Faulkner's, however, was slow in coming.2 Though Faulkner was praised by some critics and reviewers during the first part of his career, is novels did not sell well and he was considered a fairly marginal author. For the first few decades of his career, he made his living writing magazine articles and working as a screenwriter rather than as a novelist. Throughout this period, he continued to write, though his novels, sometimes noted for the stirring portrait that they presented of life in the post-Civil War South, were generally relegated to the category of strictly regional writing and were not widely appreciated.3 Beginning in 1946, Faulkner's career took an unexpected and dramatic turn as Faulkner came to be recognized as considerably more than a regional writer. The Portable Faulkner was published in that year by Viking Press; two years later he was elected to the prestigious National Academy of Arts and Letters; he was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1949. Over the next decade, his work was recognized in various ways, including a National Book Award and two Pulitzer Prizes, and he became a novelist in residence at the University of Virginia. His success led to a degree of affluence that enabled him to take up the life of a southern gentleman, including horseback riding and fox hunting. Ironically, he died as a result of an accident related to these gentlemanly pursuits, succumbing as a result of injuries sufferedduring a fall from a horse.Directions: Select the appropriate phrases from the answer choices, and match them to the phase of William Faulkner's career to which they relate. TWO of the answer choices will not be used. This question is worth 3 points.Faulkner in the first phase of his career·Faulkner in the second phase of his career·Answer Choices (choose 6 to complete the chart):(1) Was considered one of America's greatest writers(2) Received a small amount of critical acclaim(3) Died as a result of a horseback-riding incident(4) Received numerous awards and acclaim(5) Was considered merely a regional writer(6) Wrote novels about various American regions(7) Made his living as a novelist(8) Made his living with writing other than novels参考答案:第一栏:(2)、(5)、(8)第二栏:(1)、(4)、(7)托福考试教师阅读讲义(三)修辞目的性题Xerography1 One more familiar use of electrochemistry that has made its way into the mainstream is xerography, a process for replicating documents that is dependent on photoconductive materials. A photoconductive material is an insulator in the dark but becomes a conductor when exposed to bright light. When a photocopy is being made, an image of a document is projected onto the surface of a rotating drum, and bright light causes the photoconductive material on the surface of the drum to become conductive.2 As a result of the conductivity, the drum loses its charge inthe lighted areas, and toner (small grains to which dry ink adheres) attaches itself only to the darker parts of the image. The grains are then carried to a sheet of paper and fused with heat. When a laser printer is used, the image is projected by means of a laser beam, which creates a brighter light and a greater contrast between lighter and darker areas and therefore results in sharper printed images.1. The author begins the first paragraph with One more familiar use of electrochemistry in order to(A) explain that xerography is one of the less familiar uses of electrochemistry(B) make it clear that electrochemistry requires photoconductive materials(C) show that xerography is the only known use for electrochemistry(D) indicate that other less familiar uses have already been discussed2. Why does the author explain that A photoconductive material is an insulator in the dark but becomes a conductor when exposed to bright light?(A) It gives an explanation of a property that is necessary for xerography.(B) It indicates that bright light is required for insulation to take place.(C) It gives one example of a successful xerographic process.(D) It explains the role of insulation in xerography.3. The author places the phrase small grains to which dry ink adheres in parentheses in order to(A) provide information that contradicts the previous statement(B) provide another example of conductivity(C) provide further detail information about toner(D) provide an alternate explanation for the effectiveness of toner4. Why is a laser printer mentioned?(A) It is an alternative to xerography.(B) It is a way of duplicating without using electrochemistry.(C) It is a second example of xerography.(D) It is a lesseffectivetype of xerography than is a photocopier.正确答案:D_A_C_C。

托福口语讲义大全

托福口语讲义大全

托福口语讲义大全(经典版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。

文档下载后可定制修改,请根据实际需要进行调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文,如演讲稿、总结报告、合同协议、方案大全、工作计划、学习计划、条据书信、致辞讲话、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等,想了解不同范文格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as speech drafts, summary reports, contract agreements, project plans, work plans, study plans, letter letters, speeches, teaching materials, essays, other sample essays, etc. Want to know the format and writing of different sample essays, so stay tuned!托福口语讲义大全为了帮助广大考生备考托福口语,现在本店铺给大家准备了一些托福口语讲义,希望对你们有帮助。

《托福基础阅读讲义》课件

《托福基础阅读讲义》课件

议论文
总结词
阐述观点、论证立场
详细描述
议论文主要通过提出观点、进行论证和反驳论点等手段,说服读者接受作者的观 点。在托福阅读中,议论文可能涉及政治、经济、社会、文化等领域,要求考生讲述故事、事件或经历
详细描述
记叙文主要通过叙述故事、事件或经历的方式,向读者传达某种情感或意义。在托福阅读中,记叙文可能涉及文 学、历史、传记等领域,要求考生理解故事情节并进行推理分析。
THANKS FOR WATCHING
感谢您的观看
提高英语阅读能力
通过托福阅读考试的训练 ,考生可以提高英语阅读 能力,增强对英文文献的 理解。
托福阅读考试评分标准
评分标准
托福阅读考试的评分标准主要根 据考生对文章的理解程度和答题 的准确性来评定,具体评分标准 可参考官方指南。
分数计算
托福阅读考试的成绩计算是根据 考生的答题数量和答题质量来综 合评定的,具体的计算方法可参 考官方指南。
段落主题句定位
关注段落的主题句,通常位于段 落的开头或结尾,以获取关键信
息。
逻辑关系定位
利用句子之间的逻辑关系,如因 果、转折、并列等,找到关键信
息。
推理判断技巧
推断作者意图
推断事实细节
通过分析文章中的信息和语气,推断 作者的意图和态度。
根据文章中的信息和逻辑关系,推断 事实的细节和具体内容。
推断文章主题
05
托福阅读备考策略
提高词汇量
总结词
积累词汇是提高阅读理解能力的关键 。
详细描述
建议考生制定一个详细的词汇计划, 每天记忆一定数量的新单词,并复习 已学过的词汇。可以通过阅读英文文 章、听力材料、英文电影和电视剧等 途径来增加词汇量。

TOEFL写作讲义

TOEFL写作讲义

TOEFL写作讲义(主讲:戴云)第一章总体介绍一、我的赏与罚封赏与晋升:普通教徒---罗汉---金刚---护法---菩萨---佛---高级佛---教主助理---副教主---常务副教主课堂可以获得最高功名为护法考试95及以上为菩萨,100分以上佛,105分以上高级佛,110分以上教主助理,115 分以上副教主,118分以上常务副教主,121分以上教主。

批评与惩戒:Curse---赠送白绫---开除出教二、托福写作圣经要多记笔记:1、可以保证focus on my lecture,不会absent-minded2、保证将来会有复习的clues写作的第一要务是把观点表达清楚。

1、写作必须有观点2、要给出一个清楚的观点写作考试不基于考生的真实身份。

托福作文中所有的例子和细节可以是真的,也可以是假的。

写作考试只考察语言水平,不考察思想水平。

举例:建工厂不同意的理由有三:1、造成污染;2、交通堵塞;3、物价上涨写作考试不测试考生的真实想法。

作文不是写想写的,而是写好写的、能写的。

举例:父母是最好的老师,你同意吗?同意的理由:1、how to behave myself;2、value system;3、experience上述理由都不能证明该题目“后天的知识是老师教的,而不是父母教的”存在逻辑错误,将老师与父母并列起来,应该在老师前面加上修饰语“学校的”。

写作是基于表达,而不是基于翻译。

举例:婀娜多姿:beautiful;妩媚动人:lovelyY ou are extremely smart. extremely means very托福考试30分钟最低要写300字,一般要求写400到500字写作内容和语言同等重要。

把内容表达清楚可以拿到高分clarity高于variety,variety高于complexityclarity is the priority观点的层次比观点的数目更重要。

逻辑错误比语法错误更严重。

托福阅读讲义1

托福阅读讲义1
详细说明部分
Their relationship is based on themutualbenefits which they provideeach other.
举例部分
It is a legal requirement that royalties be paid whenever a replica is made of Egyptianantiquitiessuch as the pyramids or the Sphinx.
D. have to reflect
1.典型的托福用词汇
e.g. sporadic intermittent occasional
cardinal principal chief
dwindle diminish decrease
2t on; clarify
符合逻辑的线索
并列Many animals possess surprising intelligenceandsome of them can communicate with other organisms insophisticatedways.
让步Old remnants of Greek pottery are still very helpful,even whennot entirelyintact.
Simple,linear patterns, and they were often adullred or brown color---A:unsophisticateddesign
Largelyfunctional---C: reputation for beingpractical同义词转述
The earliest known pottery was largely functional.Hand-made, as opposed to later works that were created with the help of a pottery wheel, these pieces were fashioned into rough jar and cup shapes.They tended to have simple, linear patterns, and they were often a dull red or brown color.

托福讲义Howtowritetopicsentence专业知识

托福讲义Howtowritetopicsentence专业知识

→「主题」: a) High school students
→「中心论点」: a) should have the right to evaluate their teachers.
Good listeners not only hear what is said, but also understand nonverbal messages.
Writers use topic sentences to let the readers know what to expect in the paragraph.
Most topic sentences are direct statements.
E.g. 1. The invention of the telephone has
Example
Aside from the most serious and dreaded disease, cancer, cigarettes smoking also can aggravate or promote other health problems. For example, smoking can increase the discomfort for people with asthma and emphysema. It can give one a “smoker’s cough” and contribute to bronchitis. Finally, recent studies have shown that cigarette smokers are more susceptible to common colds and flu. Whether you get an insignificant cold or the major killer, cancer, smoking cigarettes is hazardous. Is it worth it?

托福语法讲义(教师版)

托福语法讲义(教师版)

一、题型概述(一)填空:1-15个题,考句法句法包括简单句,并列句,主从复合句和一些常见错误用法等。

(二)挑错:16-40个题,考词法好下面我们就一些特殊热点问题给大家做一个概述性介绍。

二、基础语法规则(一)词法第一章名词正确区分可数名词与不可数名词、正确选择可数名词单复数、名词之前的限定词与名词数(单复数)之间的关系以及名词在句子中承担的成分是TOEFL中常考的内容1.重要的名詞(1)重要的可數名詞discovery, cloud, mineral, metal, material, substance, population, efforts, effect, animal, plant, mammal, insect, tree, herb, shrub, element, function, feature, picture, result, clue, star, reason, audience, device, structure, human, human being, system, fashion, resource, source, origin, pioneer, automobile, purpose, style, response, number, amount, variety, quantity, type, kind, influence, emotion, change(2)常见的不可数名词①流体:air, smoke, coffee, oil②自然现象:thunder, weather, darkness, [a heavy rain, raindrops]③微粒:sugar, salt, rice, powder, dust④抽象名词:intelligence(情报), evidence, wisdom, advice⑤学科:mathematics, economics, statistics (统计学,作统计数据讲时可数), physics, politics,mechanics, genetics遗传学, geology,geography, chemistry, philosophy, biology,history⑥医学疾病:measles(麻疹), mumps(腮腺炎), diabetes(糖尿病)⑦总称名词:furniture, luggage, clothing, equipment, poetry, jewelry, machinery, weaponry,scenery, information, knowledge, homework, evidence, foliage, advertising(广告业), health例题: 交易Historians (believe that) some (forms) of (an advertising) must be as old (as barter) and trade.答案: C an advertising advertising(3)常见不规则单复数,一般考复数man/men, woman/women, tooth/teeth, foot/feet, goose/geese, basis/bases,analysis/analyses, crisis/crises, hypothesis/hypotheses, axis/axes, alga/algae, larva/larvae, fungus/fungi, stimulus/stimuli, datum/data, bacterium/bacteria, medium/media, spectrum/spectra, mouse/mice, child/children, phenomenon/phenomena(4)常见的单复数同形的名词(注意鱼!好多鱼~)aircraft, spacecraft, series, species, means,(sheep, deer, bison, salmon, trout, carp, fish)·-craft后缀单复数相同(5)只能用复数的名词:clothes, fireworks, riches, wages, ashes, thanks, sweets, scissors, spectacles, trousers集合名词:people(人们,作民族时可数), folk(人们), cattle(牛), police, livestock(牲畜)(6)单复数意义不同的名词air- airs(气派)good(好处,利益)- goods(货物)part- parts(才能,划线永远对)mean(均值/中间)- means(手段/财富)arm- arms(武器)custom(习俗)- customs(海关)letter- letters(文学)spectacle(光景)- spectacles(眼镜)force- forces(武装部队)water- waters(水域,划线永远对)sky- skies(气候)(7)既有可数又有不可数]的名词(注意有无数的概念,具体还是抽象)sugar, cloth, detail, light, science, form, interest, color, disease, illness, rock, stone, matter, food, culture, noise, liquid, solid, gas, climate, film, material, population, temperature, experience, speech, use, life, actionwork(工作,作品)- works(工厂,工程,工事,著作)area(面积)- areas(区域,领域)time(时间)- times(倍数,此书,时代)paper(纸)- papers(报告,文件)collection(不同种收藏品组成的集)- collections(同种藏品的集)room(空间)- rooms(房间)18 pieces of newspaper/ 18 newspapers (报纸种类)art/ in art/ .be described as an art/ all arts land(面积)-lands(区域)注意:* 当不可数名词与种类相关时可转化为可数名词:a vacuum, a liquid, foods, beverages (饮料)(8)同源近形词义区别bank/banking, advertisement/advertising, architect/architecture, reason/reasoning,author/authority/authorization, poem/poet/poetry, cloth/clothes/clothing,human/humanity/humanities, produce/product/production/productivity,editor/edit/edition/editorial, variable/variety/variation, critic/critical/criticize,chemical/chemistry, management/manager, weapon/weaponry, logic/logical,measure/measurement, publish/publication, weighing/weight,nourishment/nutrition/nutritious/nutrient, machine/machinery总规律:(1) –ing动作抽象化,不可数(一般)(2) sugar,fish,cloth,作物质名词,不可数;表种类,则可数(3) –or/er/ee 具体,tion/sion/ment/ness/ship/ing 抽象2.重要的限定詞与名词单复数(1)many+复数可数n.;much+不可數n.例题:Since (the) 1950’s, folk music (has had) a (significant) influence on (many) popular vocal and instrumental music.答案: D many→muchIn the practice of Gestalt therapy, (many) attention is (given) to nonverbal (aspects) of (behavior).答案: A many→much※看到many, various, diverse, numerous往后找[C],看到much往后找[UC]many..music ×As many as 50 percent of the income ×As much as 2,000 kilometers √(一个距离是整体,不可数)例题:The asphalt (deposits) of La Brea Tar Pit in California (have yielded) fossils of numerous (animal) of the Pleistocene epoch, including (the giant) ground sloth.答案:C animal→animalsRodents (dwell) in various (habitat), some species (being) aquatic, (some terrestrial).答案: B habitat→habitatsEven as he (wrote) copiously on such (diverse topic) as education, politics, and religion, Lewis Mumford (remained) active (in city) and regional planning.答案:B diverse topic→ topicsmuch 和many可以做代词:Many are.. .. by many. Much of the information..(2)some 和any,二者都可加单复数,都可加可数和不可数,都可做代词(同few/little 代词的作用)some kinds 某些种some kind 某一种例题:For thousands of years, people (have used) some (kind) of refrigeration (cooling) beverages and preserve (edibles).答案: C cooling→to cool(3)few little 否定a few, a little 肯定+複數可數n. +不可數n.few equipment ×to few extent ×可做代詞:a few/few of the books例题:The Dinee, a Native American (people) of the southwestern United States, were (once) semi- nomadic hunters who (practiced) a (few) agriculture.答案: D few→little(4)數詞/ several/ one of/ among + 複數可數n.※看到several, one of, among 往后找複數[C]eg: five aircraft ×several setting ×several settings √one of the philosophers √among the schools √例题:The United States census人口普查(for) 1970 (showed that) the French-speaking residents of Louisiana (were) one of the country’s most compact regional linguistic (minority)答案: D minority→minorities39. Beverly Sills was (a child) radio star (who) became one of the world’s most dramatically gifted opera (singer), making her debut初演(at) seventeen.答案: C singer→singers40. In the practice of Gestalt therapy, (many) attention is (given) to nonverbal (aspects) of (behavior).答案: A many→muchThe Guggenheim Museum in New York City is one of the major (center) for (the collection) and display of (works) of (abstract art) in the United States.答案: A center→centersGeraldine Farrar, (who) debuted as (an) opera singer in 1901, later appeared (both) on stage and in several silent (film).答案:D film→filmsSeveral (comet)彗星are discovered each year, but very few of (them) are (bright) enough (to be seen) without the aid of magnification.放大答案: A comet→comets(5)every/ each 直接加單數可數n. 或者加数词和复数名词(every/ all常考,almost all加复数)eg: each major styles ×each ten boys √every four years √(every/each 修飾數詞)例题:7. Almost (every) fruits and vegetables contain riboflavin核黄素; the (richest) sources are (leafy) green vegetables (such) as spinach菠菜, kale甘蓝, or turnip greens.另一种甘蓝答案: A 。

托福综合写作讲义-202X年学习资料

托福综合写作讲义-202X年学习资料

托福综合写作讲义-202X年学习资料TOEFL Integrated Writing Lecture Notes - Study Materials for 202XIntroduction:- Welcome to the TOEFL Integrated Writing Lecture. Today, we will discuss the key strategies and techniques to improve your performance in the TOEFL Integrated Writing section.- The Integrated Writing section requires you to read a passage and listen to a lecture on a particular topic. You will then need to write an essay summarizing the main points from both sources and provide your opinion.- This section assesses your ability to read, listen, and writein English, as well as your critical thinking and analytical skills.Understanding the Prompt:- Before you start writing, it is crucial to understand the prompt fully. Read the passage and listen to the lecture carefully.- Identify the main topic or issue discussed in both the passage and the lecture. Highlight the key points and arguments presented in each source.- Pay attention to any contrasting or supporting ideas between the passage and the lecture. Take notes to help you structure your essay.Organizing Your Essay:第1页/共4页- Start your essay with an introduction that briefly summarizes the topic and introduces your opinion. State whether you agree or disagree with the main ideas presented.- In the body paragraphs, discuss the main points from the passage and the lecture. Use specific examples and references from both sources to support your arguments.- Present contrasting or supporting ideas in separate paragraphs. Clearly indicate which source supports or opposes a particular point.- Use transitional phrases to guide your reader through the essay and make it easy to follow your ideas.- Finally, end your essay with a conclusion that restates your opinion and summarizes the main points from the passage and the lecture.Writing Style and Grammar:- In the TOEFL Integrated Writing section, it is essential to demonstrate your English language skills. Pay attention to your writing style, grammar, and vocabulary.- Avoid simple or repetitive sentences. Use a variety of sentence structures to showcase your language proficiency.- Ensure that your grammar is accurate. Avoid spelling mistakes and punctuation errors.- Use academic vocabulary and phrases to express your ideas effectively. This will enhance the overall quality of your essay.Time Management:- Time management is crucial in the TOEFL Integrated Writing section. Plan your time wisely to allocate sufficient time for reading, listening, and writing.- Use the available time to read the passage carefully and take notes. Then, listen to the lecture attentively and compare it with the main points from the passage.- Allocate enough time to outline your essay. This will help you organize your thoughts and ensure a coherent structure.- Reserve ample time to write your essay. This includes drafting, revising, and editing.- Remember to leave a few minutes at the end to review your essay for any grammar or spelling mistakes.Practice and Feedback:- Practice is key to improving your performance in the TOEFL Integrated Writing section. Familiarize yourself with various topics, practice reading and listening skills, and write timed essays regularly.- Seek feedback on your essays from English teachers or native English speakers. They can provide valuable insights and suggestions for improvement.- Review sample essays and analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each. This will help you understand the scoring criteria and identify areas for improvement.- Focus on improving your ability to effectively summarize the main points from both the passage and the lecture, as well as providing clear and logical arguments in your essay.Conclusion:- The TOEFL Integrated Writing section may seem challenging at first, but with practice and the right strategies, you can improve your performance significantly.第3页/共4页- Remember to understand the prompt, organize your essay effectively, use proper grammar and vocabulary, manage your time wisely, and seek feedback to continually improve.- Good luck with your TOEFL Integrated Writing preparation, and remember to practice and stay confident!。

托福语法强化班讲义

托福语法强化班讲义

托福语法强化班讲义第一节:名词1.1 可数名词与不可数名词- 可数名词有复数形式,例如:book - books- 不可数名词没有复数形式,例如:water1.2 名词所有格- 单数名词所有格的构成方法:名词 + 's,例如:Tom's book - 复数名词所有格的构成方法:名词 + ',例如:girls' books - 特殊名词所有格的构成方法:'s + 名词,例如:the United States' economy第二节:动词2.1 动词时态- 简单现在时:表示现在或经常性的动作,例如:I always play basketball on Sundays.- 简单过去时:表示过去的动作,例如:I played basketball yesterday.- 现在进行时:表示现在正在进行的动作,例如:I am playing basketball now.- 过去进行时:表示过去正在进行的动作,例如:I was playing basketball at 8pm last night.2.2 动词语态- 被动语态的构成方法:be + 过去分词,例如:The letter was written by Tom.第三节:形容词3.1 形容词的比较级和最高级- 比较级的构成方法:more + 形容词,例如:The red apple is more delicious than the green one.- 最高级的构成方法:the + 形容词 + est,例如:The red appleis the most delicious.3.2 形容词的位置- 形容词通常放在名词前面,例如:A beautiful flower.总结本强化班讲义简要讲解了名词、动词以及形容词的基本知识点,希望能对大家托福语法的学习有所帮助。

托福听力讲义非常详细

托福听力讲义非常详细

新托福强化听力讲义新托福考试听力部分介绍1.新托福和旧托福的对比考试形式预读题目笔记题型PBT旧托福Paper Yes No1/4 multiple choiceIBT新托福Internet No Yes New types2.题量,时间,分数文章类型题量题目数时间CONVERSATION2-3 5 / conversation2-3 min / conversation LECTURE4-6 6 / lecture4-6 min / lectureTOTAL6-9(加试)3460-90 min SCALE SCORE: 30 见OG185评分标准3.题目的考查形式考场环境:独立电脑,耳机,铅笔,草稿本电脑环境:图片,视频,声音,板书新题型:双选题,重听题,表格配对题答题时间:总时间限制,每题分配时间不限答题流程:永不悔改4.文章材料的考查形式文章结构:删除了旧托福的PART A 部分,更加注重于对于能力的考查文章长度:比旧托福长文章语速:无所谓快慢,比旧托福更加贴近真实的学习生活文章类型:对话,独白,讨论CONVERSATION文章思路LECTURE文章思路5.新托福考试题型概述题号问题题型1Why does the student go to see the professor?Gist question2According to the professor, what information should thestudent include in her statement of purpose?Detail Question3What does the professor consider unusual about thestudent’s background?Detail Question4Why does the professor tell a story about his friend whowent ot medical school?Detail Question5What does the professor imply about the people who admitstudents to graduate school?Inference question6What are the students mainly discussing?Gist questionGist question: 6Detail question: 16Purpose question: 6Attitude question: 1Organization question: 2Inference question: 3 6.界面展示7.IBT新托福资料说明——听力部分题目数量不多难度较简单题型全面,和考试相同,质量高精听精做题目分类研究文章精读研究不建议模考一共14套,其中新东方引进4套,还有2套是OG题目,其他全部为全真试题难度和考试相当,已经有较全的版本出现题型全面,场景全面精听精做建议最后冲刺模考题目数量大,后面有四套模拟试题前面的训练题目文章较短,不是托福模拟听力材料要比考试稍难些,速度也稍快些题型和考试相差很多,不建议细钻精听精做建议考前强化训练对语速跟读模仿题目数量大,有六套模拟试题具体特点同蓝皮delta 建议考前模拟对语速跟读模仿题目数量大,后面有7套模拟试题难度偏小,在基础班使用建议平时精听训练有四套模拟试题听力部分略难,语速略快配合模拟光盘,有临考感觉考前模考只有两套题,但质量很好,文章难度适中,题目难度和Barron相近,感觉上略难一些,和考试非常相似。

最新托福精华讲义(新航道)

最新托福精华讲义(新航道)

目录第一部分阅读2一.真题高频词汇21天速成 (2)二.新托福阅读考试中句际关系解读 (21)三.逻辑 Or 语义——托福阅读句子简化题新攻略 (26)四.托福阅读之插入文本题解题思路剖析 (29)五.阅读真题三篇 (32)六.样题两篇 (50)七.最新考情 (56)第二部分听力 (58)一.新托福听力文章段落和出题点解析 (58)二.新托福听力笔记之图像记忆法 (62)三.托福听力新方法 (66)四.备考概述 (66)五.听力演练 (67)六.听力真题场景词汇 (100)第三部分口语 (170)一.Speaking Tips For TOEFL iBT (170)二.托福口语满分=mission impossible? (173)三.搞定口语TASKS (175)四.练习 (182)五.补充练习 (202)第四部分写作 (204)一.新托福作文特点浅析 (204)二.托福独立写作思路扩展 (207)三.独立写作 (209)四.综合写作 (229)五. 托福写作结构模式 (235)六.“6+1”托福独立写作心经 (252)附录 (257)附录(一)2012年托福考试独立写作汇总 (257)附录(二)2013年托福考试独立写作汇总 (261)附录(三)2013年NA托福写作真题汇总及解析 (264)第一部分阅读一.真题高频词汇21天速成Day 11. a matter of speculation supposition n.推断2. a solicitation of an invitation of n.恳求3.abandon give up v. 放弃4.abandoned left a.被遗弃的5.aberrant abnormal a.脱离常轨的6.abolish end v. 终止;取消7.abort quit v.夭折;中止8.abrupt sudden a 突然的9.abruptly suddenly ad.突然地;意外地10.absorb appeal/learn/take in v.吸收11.abstract not concrete a.抽象的;非实际的12.absurd ridiculous a.荒谬的;可笑的13.abundance laager amount/great number/14.plenty n.大量15.abundantaffluent/ample/numerous/plentiful/16.substantial a.丰富的17.abundantly plentifully ad.丰富地;大量地18.accelerate speed up/get faster v. 加速,提前19.access reach v. 接近20.accessible reachable/easy to reach a.可接近的21.accidental unexpected/unintentionala.意外的;偶然的22.accommodate provide for v. 提供23.accomplished achieved/ skilled a.实现完成的24.account description n. 说明25.account for explain v. 说明26.accrete come together v. 合成27.accumulate collect/pile up/build up v.积累;聚集29. accumulate increase v. 积累28.accumulation deposit n. 沉淀物29.accurate correct a. 正确的30.accurately correctly ad. 正确地31.acknowledge recognize v. 承认32.acquire obtain v. 获得33.actually in fact ad. 事实上34.added extra a.附加的;额外的35.adept skilled a.熟练的36.adequately sufficiently adv. 足够地37.adherent supporter/advocate n.拥护者38.adjacency nearing n.临近39.adjacent nearby a. 毗连的40.adjacent neighboring a.毗连的41.adjust modify v.调整42.administer manage v. 管理43.admit let in v. 准许进入44.adopt enact v. 采用45.advance improvement n.发展;增长46.advent arrival/beginning n.出现;到来47.affair matter n.事件;事情48.afford provide/offer v.提供;给予49.aggravate increase/annoy v.加重;增剧;使恼火50.aggravate annoy v.使恼火51.aggregate overall/combined a.聚集的aggregation group n. 聚合52.agile astute/clever/quick and active/moveand act quickly a.灵活的;敏捷的53.alarm sound/ warning v.警报54.albeit although/even though conj. 尽管;虽然55.alleged supposed v. 假设,断言56.allow enable v.允许57.allude suggest v.暗示58.allude to refer to v.提到59.allusion reference n. 暗示;提及60.ally with link to v.结盟61.alter change to v.改变62.amazing remarkable/ a.令人惊讶的、非凡的63.ambiguous vague a.不明确的64.ambivalent mixed a.矛盾的65.ample plentiful/ spacious a.充足的66.ancestor forefather/progenitorn. 祖先,前辈67.anchor hold in place v.使固定68.ancient old/antique a.古老的69.annihilate destroy/completely removev.消灭70.annihilated destroy v. 废止71.annually yearly ad.每年72.anomaly irregularity n.异常的人或物73.anonymous nameless/incognito a. 匿名的74.antagonist competitor n. 对手75.anticipate expect v. 预期76.antiseptic clean a.抗菌的77.antithesis opposite n.对立面78.antler horn n. 鹿角79.anxiety worry n. 忧虑;担心80.apart from exception/except for phr.除了…之外81.apparatus equipment n. 仪器;设备Day 21.apparent o bvious a. 显然的2.apparently clearly ad. 显然地3.appeal attraction n. 吸引力4.appealing attractive a.有吸引力的5.appear seem v. 似乎6.appearance rise/arrival/showing up n.出现7.application use n. 应用8.appreciable noticeable a.相当可观的9.approach method n. 方法10.approach move toward v. 接近11.approximately roughly ad. 大约地12.architecture structure n. 构造13.archive record/stock v. 存档14.arduous difficult a. 艰巨的15.arid dry a. 干旱的16.arise emerge/come about v. 出现17.arrangement configuration n. 安排;布置18.array range n. 一系列19.article item/object n. 物品20.artificial not real a. 虚伪的21.as a rule in general phr. 通常22.assert declare v. 断言;宣称23.assertion strong statement n. 断言24.asset advantage n. 资产;有利条件25.assimilate combine v. 同化26.assistance help n. 帮助;协助27.associated connected a. 关联的28.assorted various a. 各式各样的29.assume believe/suppose v. 假定30.assume take on v. 承担31.assumption premise n. 假设32.assure guarantee v. 担保33.astonishing amazing/incredible a.惊人的34.astoundingly incredibly adv. 使人震惊的35.astute clever a. 敏锐的36.at random without a definite patternphr. 随便地; 任意地37.attachment to preference for n. 依恋38.attain achieve v. 达到;获得39.attainment achievement n. 达到;获得40.attendant accompanying a. 伴随的41.attest to confirm v. 证实42.attribute accredit/ ascribe v.把…归于;认为43.attribute characteristic n. 特点44.attribute to credit with v. 归于45.attribution character n. 属性46.augment increase v. 增加;提高47.authenticity genuineness n. 真实48.autonomous independent a. 自主的49.available obtainable a. 可获得的50.avenue method/means n. 途径;手段51.avid enthusiastic a. 热衷的52.back up support n. 支持,援助53.barely just ad. 仅仅54.barge boat n. 驳船55.barrier obstacle/impediment n.障碍56.battle struggle n. 搏斗;奋斗57.be inclined tend v. 倾向58.be accustomed to get used to phr./v.习惯59.be aware of familiar with phr./v.了解60.be beforehand foreordain v. 预先61.be closer resemblance to be more likephr. 非常相似62.be consistent with be compatible with phr.一致的63.be entitled to have the right phr./v.有…权利64.be susceptible to be subject to 受…影响的65.beckon invite v. 招唤66.become extinct die out phr./v. 灭绝67.being creature n. 生命68.beneficial advantageous a. 有益的69.blossom flourish/thrive v. 兴旺70.boast puff/exaggerate v. 吹嘘71.bombard assail/assault/strike v.炮击;轰击72.boom expansion n. 激增73.boon great benefit n. 利益74.boost raise v. 增加75.boundary periphery n. 边界76.branch division n. 分支77.breakthrough revolution n. 突破78.breed reproduce v. 繁殖79.brew develop vt. 开发80.brilliant bright a. 光辉的81.brittle breakable/fragile a.脆弱的82.broad appeal wide popularity a.广泛的吸引力83.broadly generally/extensively ad.大体上84.bulk majority/large part/largeportion/great quantity n. 大部份85.bulk major part n. 主体Day 31.burgeon expand v. 急速成长2.bustling lively/ busy a. 活跃的;忙乱的3.by and large for the most part 总的来说4.camouflage disguise/hide/decorate/blendwith circumstances v. 伪装5.cardinal fundamentala. 基本的6.cargo shipment n. 船货7.catastrophic badly harmful a. 灾难性的8.celebrated famous a. 着名的9.central essential a. 主要的10.certain specified a. 指定的11.champion promote vt.提升,提拔12.championed supported v. 支持13.chancy risky a. 冒险的14.channel provide/direct/guidev. 提供;引导15.chaotic disorganized a. 混乱的16.cherish value v. 珍爱17.chief major a. 主要的18.chisel carve v. 刻;凿19.choose opt v. 选择20.chronic persistent/confirmed/habitual/inveterate a. 长期的;不断的21.chronically constantly ad. 长期地22.circuitous indirect a.迂迴的23.circumstance condition/situationn.环境24.cite quote/refer to v. 引用25.classic typical a. 典型的26.clear visible/apparent a.显然的27.cling to attach to v. 附着28.close careful a.严密的;周密的29.clue hint n. 线索30.clung to hold v. 坚持31.cluster group n. 组,群32.coating cover n. 覆盖层33.coincide with be as the same time as v.同时发生34.coincide with accord with 与…相一致35.coincidence likely events 相同,符合36.collaborate cooperate v. 合作37.collaboration joint effect n.合作成果38.collect gather v. 收集39.collide hit each other v. 碰撞40.collide with run into v. 碰撞41.colossal enormous a. 巨大的memorate celebrate v.庆祝;纪念monly generally/normally adv.通常地pact concise/compresseda.紧密的;简明的parable equivalent a.可比较的parative relative a. 相当的pel push v. 强迫pelling convincing/persuasive/forcing a.令人信服的; 强烈的;引人入胜的pensate reimburse v. 赔偿pensate for balance phr./v. 赔偿plaint protest v. 抗议plement supplement n.补充物plement add to v. 补充pletely totally ad. 完全地plex elaborate a. 复杂的plex system n.复合物;综合体plicated complex/made things moredifficult a.复杂的ponent constituent a.组成的position mixture n.合成物prehensive understandable a.能理解的prehensive complete a.全部的prehensive thorough a.全面的;彻底的prise form/make up v. 组成pulsory required a. 必须的65.consensus agreement n. 一致66.concern interest v.感兴趣67.concept idea n. 观念,概念68.confined simple a.简明的,简要的69.conclusive final/ultimate a.最后的70.concur agree v. 同意71.conducive contributive a.有助于...的72.configuration arrangement/form/shapen. 布局;结构73.confine limit/boundary/restrict v.限制74.confined limited a. 有限的75.confined to limited to v. 仅限于76.confront face v. 面临77.congeal solidify v.使凝结78.congregate gather v.(使)集合79.cope adapt v. 处理80.consecutive successive a.连续的81.consensus agreement n. 一致82.consequence result/importance n.结果83.consequent later/resultant/resultinga. 随后的;作为结果的84.consequential significant a. 重要的Day 41.consequently therefore/thus/as a resultad.因此2.conserve save v. 保存3.consider think as/view as/think aboutv. 考虑;认为4.considerable substantial/significantv. 相当大的5.considerably greatly ad. 相当大地6.consist of compose of v. 由…组成7.consistent regular/uniform a.一致的8.consistently regularly ad. 一致地9.conspicuous notable/noticeable a.明显的10.constant stable a. 固定的11.constantly always ad. 经常12.constellation collection/combination n.一系列;一群13.constitute make up v.组成,构成14.constitution component n. 构造15.constrain restrict v. 限制16.constraint limit/restriction n. 限制17.consume eat up/ use completelyv.消耗;吃;喝吃;喝18.consumed used up v. 消耗19.consumption utilization n. 消耗20.contains includes v. 包含21.contemplate consider v. 沉思22.contemporary modern a. 现代的23.contention debate n. 争辩,辩论24.contentious disputed a. 好争吵的25.context environment n. 环境26.contiguous neighboring a. 邻近的27.continual constant a.不间断的;连续的28.continuous uninterrupted/ongoing a.连续的;持续的29.contour outline vt. 画轮廓30.contrive create/invent v. 发明31.controversy conflict/disagreement n.冲突32.conventional customary/traditional a. 习惯的;惯例的33.converging concentrating a.收缩的34.convert transform v. 使转变35.convert into change to v. 转变成36.convey communicate v. 传达,沟通37.convict condemn/sentence/doom v.宣判38.conviction (strong)belief n.坚定的相信39.convince persuade vt. 劝说,说服40.cope with handle/deal with phr./v.应付;处理41.copious plentiful a.丰富的;大量的42.core center n. 核心;要点43.correlate match v. 相关,关联44.correspondence harmony n. 一致45.correspondingly accordingly ad. 相应地46.corroborate confirm v.证实;确证47.costly expensive a. 贵重的48.counsel advise v. 忠告49.countless innumerable a. 数量多的50.counter oppose/act against v. 反对51.counter of in the opposite of a. 相反的52.counterpart version(版本)/similitude(类似物)/ equivalent(同等物) n. 复本;副本53.countervail compensate/oppose v. 抵销54.couple associate v.与…联系起来55.couple with together with 把..连同在一起56.covered included a.隐蔽的;有盖的57.cramp confine v. 限制58.crawl move v. 爬行59.create invent v. 创作60.creative inventive a. 创造的61.credible believable a. 可信的62.crest peak n. 顶峰63.crisis disturbance n. 危机,混乱64.criteria standard n. 标准65.critical crucial/essential a.关键的66.criticize debate(争论) v. 批评;责备67.crucial important a.重要的68.crucially decisively ad. 关键地69.crushed ground a.碾碎了的70.culminate climax v. 达到顶点71.culminate in peak 达到顶点;以…告终72.culmination high point n. 最高点73.cumbersome awkward/clumsy/unwieldya.笨重的;麻烦的74.curb control v. 控制;遏止75.curing hint/clue n. 暗示76.current present a. 现在的77.cushioned protect v. 保护78.dam block v. 筑坝79.dangle hang v. 悬摆80.daring bold a.大胆的81.debate argue v. 辩论82.deceive mislead v. 欺骗83.decimate destroy v. 大量毁灭84.decimation destruction n. 大量毁灭85.deficient inadequate a. 不足的86.degree extent/measure n. 程度Day 51.deliberation discussion n. 考虑2.delicate dainty/fragile a. 易碎的3.delight please v. 使高兴4.delight pleasure n. 高兴5.deluxe lavish a. 奢华的6.demand need n.需要;需求7.demise extinction n. 死亡8.demography population n.人口统计9.dense crowded/thick a.稠密的;密集的10.designate assign v. 指定11.depend rely on v.依赖;依靠12.dependable reliable a.可信赖的13.depict describe/portray/picture v.描述14.depletion drain n. 消耗15.deplete exhaust vt. 耗尽,用尽16.deposit accumulate/lay down v.沉积;放下;放置17.derive arise v. 源于;导出18.designate dry a. 干的19.design create v. 设计20.designate identify v. 命名;指定21.despite even though prep. 尽管22.despondent unhappy a. 沮丧的23.detected identified vt. 认出;识别24.determine figure out vt. 决定;判决25.detractor critic n.诽谤者26.detrimental harmful a.有害的;不利的27.devastate destroy v. 毁坏;破坏28.deviate digress v. 偏离29.deviation departure n. 背离30.devise create v.设计;发明31.devoid of lack of/without/scant of a. 缺乏的32.devoted dedicated a. 虔诚的;专心的33.devoted to concentrated on a. 虔诚的;专心致志的34.devour eat vt. 吞食35.discernible noticeable a.可感知到36.dictate determine/order v.口授;命令37.differential uneven a 差别的38.diffuse travel//spread(out) v.扩散39.dilemma problem n. 进退两难40.diligent careful a. 勤奋的41.diligently carefully ad.勤奋地42.dilute reduce v. 稀释;使薄弱43.dim decrease v. 变暗淡44.dim weak a. 暗淡的45.dimension aspect/size n. 尺寸;次元46.disassemble break apart/break up v.拆开47.disband dismiss/throw away/throw upv.解散;遣散48.discern identify v. 识别49.discernible noticeable/discriminatinga.可辨别的50.discharge release v. 释放51.discipline punish v. 惩罚52.discrete separate a. 分开的53.disentangle disband v. 解开54.disgust distaste v. 厌恶55.disintegrate break apart/fall apart/tearapart v. 分解;碎裂56.dismantle demolish v.拆开;拆除57.disorder anarchy n. 混乱58.dispensable not necessary a.非必要的59.dispersal distribution n.散布;驱散60.disperse scatter vt. 分散61.dispersal spread n.传播,散布62.displace move out of position v. 迫使(人)离开63.disposition temperament n. 性格;性情64.dispute contention/argument n.争论65.disruption disturbance n. 破坏,干扰66.dissipate disperse v. 驱散67.dissipated dispersed a. 分散的68.dissuade discourage v. 劝阻69.distant far a. 遥远的70.distinct clear and recognizable a.清楚的;明确的71.distinction difference n. 差别72.distinction honor/excellence n. 荣誉73.distinctive characteristic a.有特色的74.distinguish notice from the difference v.区别;识别75.distribute spread v. 分配;散布76.distribution dispersion/ geographic rangen. 散布;分布区域77.disturb upset v.打乱;扰乱78.diverse distinct/various a.不同的79.diversification emergence of many varietiesn. 多样化80.divert deflect/shift v. 转向,转移81.diversity variety n.多样性82.diversify vary vt. 使多样化83.divest deprive/get rid of v. 剥夺84.doctrine principle n. 原则85.domestic home a. 家庭的;国内的Day 61.dormant hibernated/inactive a.休眠的2.dramatic striking a.引人注目的3.dramatically greatly/noticeably ad.戏剧性地;引人注目地4.drastic extreme a.激烈的5.Drastically obviously/severely ad.大大地6.dual double a.双的;双重的7.duplicate copy v.复制8.duplicate repeat n.复本9.durable lasting a.经久的;持久的10.duration length n. 持续11.dwellers inhabitant n. 居民12.earn acquire v. 赚得;赢得13.ease facilitate(使容易) v. 使减轻14.eccentric erratic a. 古怪的;反常的15.eccentric strange a. 古怪的;反常的16.edible eatable a. 可食用的17.efface eliminate v. 消去18.effort attempt n. 努力;试图19.elaborate detailed/dainty a.精巧的;详尽的20.elaboration use n.经营,使用21.elapsed passed a.过去的;经过的22.element weather condition n. 恶劣的天气23.elevate raise vt. 举起,提升24.eliminate removev. 排除;消除25.elite excellent person n. 精英26.elusive difficult to catch a.难懂的27.emanate emerge v. 散发;产生28.embark on start v. 从事(着手)29.embed insert/implant/enclose v.插入;植入30.emergence appearance n. 出现31.emergency crisis n. 紧急情况32.emergent developing a. 新兴的33.empirical based on observation 经验主义的34.employ use v. 利用35.enable allow v. 使能够36.enactment establishment n. 制定37.encapsulate state briefly v. 概述38.encounter meet vt. 遭遇,邂逅39.encourage stimulate v. 激励;刺激40.end purpose n. 目的41.endangered not abundant a.濒临绝种的42.endeavor enterprise n. 努力43.endorse support n. 认可,支持44.endow provide/ bestow v. 捐赠,提供45.enduring withstanding a. 耐心的46.enigmatic mysterious a. 神秘的47.engrave carve v. 雕刻48.engulf swallow v. 吞没49.enhance increase /improve /intensifyv. 提高;增强50.enjoy experience v. 经历51.enlist obtain v. 谋取52.enormous great a. 巨大的53.enormous very large/huge a. 庞大的54.enrich enhance v. 使富足55.ensue result v. 因…产生56.ensuing subsequent a.接着发生的57.ensure guarantee v. 保证;担保58.entail involve v. 牵涉59.enthusiastic eager a. 热情的60.entirely wholly ad. 完全地,彻底地61.environment setting n. 环境62.envision imagine vt. 想象63.ephemeral short-lived/ transient a.短暂的64.episode event n. 事件65.epitomize exemplify v. 摘要,概括66.equilibrium balance n. 平衡67.era period n. 时代;年代68.eradicate remove completely v. 根除69.erect build v. 建立70.erratic unpredictable a.不稳定的71.erratic irregular a. 不稳定的72.erroneous wrong a. 错误的73.escalate extend v. 逐步扩大74.essential crucial/required a.极重要的;必须的Day 71.essentially fundamentally ad. 本质上2.established qualified a. 已制定的3.establishment formation(构成) n. 建立4.estimate projection n. 估计5.estimation evaluation n. 估计6.euphoric extremely happy a.心情愉快的7.evaluate judge v. 评价8.eventual later/ final a. 最后的9.eventually finally/later/ultimately/in theend/over time ad. 最后,终于10.evidence proof n. 证据11.evident apparent/ obvious a. 明显的12.evokearouse/draw/produce/promote/stimulate/create in mind v. 唤起;引起13.evolve develop vt. 发展,进化14.exaggerate overstate v. 夸张;夸大15.excavate dig out v. 挖掘16.excavation dug-out n. 挖掘17.exceed surpass v. 超越;胜过18.extol praise v. 赞美19.extraneous rom outside/inessential a.无关的20.extraordinary exceptional a. 异常的21.exude release/give off v. 渗出;发散22.fabricate produce v. 制造23.facet aspect n. 方面24.facilitate make easier 使容易25.faithful loyal a. 忠诚的26.far-reaching extensive a. 深远的;广泛的27.far-reaching broad a. 深远的;广泛的28.fascinating extremely attractive a.迷人的29.fashion make v. 形成;造30.fashion way n. 样子;方式31.fashionable popular a. 流行的;时尚的32.fastidious demanding a. 苛求的Day 81.feasible achievable a. 可实行的2.feasible practical a. 可实行的3.feasible probable a. 可能的4.feast eating n. 盛宴5.ferry transport n. 渡轮6.fertile reproductive a.肥沃的;多产的7.figure out map(详细规划) phr.计算出;解决8.figuring out mapping v. 计划9.finding discovery n. 发现10.first and foremost above all phr.首先; 首要地11.flake fragment n. 小薄片12.flattery praise n. 恭维13.flaw fault n. 缺点14.flee run away from v. 逃走15.flexible adaptable a. 易适应的16.float stay on the top v. 漂浮17.float upward rise phr./v. 浮起18.flourish prosper/ thrive v.繁荣;兴旺19.flourish succeed v. 繁荣;兴旺20.flourishing prosperous a. 繁荣的21.flow movement n. 流动22.fluctuate change v. 变动23.fluctuation variation n. 变动;起伏24.focal point center area n. 焦点25.focus concentrate vt. 使集中26.follow trackv. 跟随27.for instance for example phr. 例如28.forage feed n. 饲料29.forage search for food v.觅食30.foremost important a. 重要的31.formidable excessive a. 巨大的32.foster promote the development of/urge/ encourage v.培养;促进;鼓励33.foul pollute v. 污染34.fracture crack v. 破裂,断裂35.fragment break up v. 使成碎片36.fragmentation break n. 破裂37.fragmentize break up v. 使成碎片38.frankly openly ad. 坦白地39.frankly sincerely ad. 真诚地40.friction conflict n. 争执;不合41.fringe border n. 边缘;边境42.frigid cold a. 寒冷的43.function operation/ utility n.效用;作用44.fundamental basic a. 基础的45.funds money n. 资金46.further additional a. 更远的47.furthermore in addition/moreover a d.此外;而且48.gap opening n. 缺口;裂口49.gear adjust v. 使适合50.generate produce v. 产生51.genuine true a. 真实的,真正的52.genuinely actually ad. 真诚地53.gesture movement n. 姿势,动作54.get accustomed to become used toPhr./v. 习惯55.giant huge a. 巨大的56.give rise to produce phr./v. 引起57.given particular a. 规定的ern regulate/ control v. 统治;管理59.grasp understand v. 领会;理解60.groom clean/ make upv. 装扮;使整洁61.groundless unfounded a. 无根据的62.grounds reasons n. 根据;理由63.groundwork base/basis/foundation n.基础64.grudging unenthusiastic a.勉强的65.guarantee ensure v. 保证;担保66.hairline slight a. 细小的,纤细的67.hallmark characteristic n. 戳记68.halt stop v. 停止,终止69.hamper restrict/make difficultyv. 防碍;束缚70.handy convenient a. 便利的71.haphazard random a. 随意的72.harness use/ utilize v. 利用73.harsh drastic a. 严厉的74.hasty hurried a. 匆匆的75.haul pull v. 拉76.have nothing to do with in no relation tophr./v. 不相干Day 91.havoc destruction n. 浩劫2.hazard danger n. 危险3.heed notice v. 留心;注意4.heighten increase v. 增加;提高5.heir inheritor n. 继承人;后继者6.hence therefore ad. 因此7.heritage legacy/ tradition n. 遗产;传统8.heterogeneous varied a.由不同类组成的9.hide conceal v. 隐藏10.highlight emphasize v. 强调11.hinder interfere with v. 妨碍12.hint clue/implication/ indication/ leadn. 暗示;迹象13.hire employ v. 雇用14.hitherto previously ad. 先前的15.hobby pastime n. 嗜好16.hold support/ keep up v. 支撑;保持17.hollow an empty space n. 中空18.homogeneous uniform a. 同种的19.host of great number n. 大量20.however yet conj. 然而21.hub center n. 中心22.huge large a. 巨大的23.hurdle fence v. 用篱笆围24.hypothetical supposed a. 假设的;假定的25.ice sheet glacier(冰河) n. 冰原26.identical the same a. 同样的27.idiosyncrasies peculiarity n. 特性28.ignite set on firev. 点燃29.illuminate bright/light a. 明亮的30.illusion impression(印象) n. 错觉;幻像31.illusory misleading a. 错觉的32.imaginative creative a. 有创造力的33.immeasurably greatly ad. 无限地34.immediately closest ad. 接近;紧接着35.immense great/ huge/ vast/enormousa.巨大的36.immensely extremely a d. 非常37.immigration movement n. 移居38.immobile fixed a. 固定的;静止的39.immobile motionless a. 静止的40.immobility absence of motion n. 固定;静止41.immoral improper/indecent a. 不道德的42.impediment obstruction n. 妨碍43.impermeable impenetrable/impervious a.不能渗透的44.impetus stimulus v. 刺激;促进45.impetus incentive n. 刺激;促进46.implausible unbelievable a.难以置信的47.implement tool n. 工具48.implement carry out vt. 实施49.imply indicate v. 意味50.imposing impressive a.给人深刻印象的51.imprecise inexact a.不精确的52.Improbable unlikely a.不像会发生的53.in fact actually phr. 事实上54.in great demand in popularity phr. 普遍55.in respect to in term of phr. 就…而言56.inaccessible unreachable a. 难接近的57.inadvertently unintentionally ad. 非故意地58.inaugurate introduce vt. 开创59.inauspicious unfavorable a.不吉利的60.incentive motive n. 动机;刺激61.inception beginning n. 起初62.incidentally by the way ad. 顺便一提63.inclement unfavorable a.(气候)严酷的64.inclination tendency n. 倾向65.inconceivable unimaginable a. 难以置信的66.inconclusive without result(毫无结果)a.不确定的67.incorporate merge/include v. 吸收;并入;包含68.incredible unbelievable a. 难以置信的69.incursion invasion n. 入侵70.indicate demonstrate v. 指示71.indigenous native a.本土的;土生土长的72.indiscriminately at random ad. 无差别地73.indispensable essential/ necessarya.不可缺少的Day 101.Indispensable needed/required/vital/significant a.不可缺少的2.indistinct not clear a. 模糊的,不清楚的3.induce bring/ cause v. 引起4.inducement incentive n. 诱因5.ineffectively without any result ad.无效地6.inert motionless/ motiveless a. 迟缓的;惰性的7.inevitable unavoidable a.不可避免的8.inference conclusion n. 推断的结果9.infirm weak a. 不坚定的;衰弱的10.inflate expand v. 膨胀;扩大11.inflating enlarging n. 充气,扩大12.inflicting bring out/impose v. 使承受13.infrastructure foundation n. 基础建设14.infrequent uncommon a. 罕见的15.ingenious very clever a.心灵手巧的16.ingenuity cleverness/creativeness/inventiveness/resourcefulness n.心灵手巧;独创性17.inherent essential/internal/instinctive a.内在的;固有的; 与生俱来的18.inherent in characteristic of a.与生俱来的19.inherently essentially ad. 固有地20.inhibit hinder/ restrict v. 约束;抑制21.inhospitable unfavorable/ adverse a.冷淡的;不适宜的22.initial first a. 最初的23.initialing beginning v. 开始;创建24.initially originally ad. 最初;开头25.initiate begin v. 开始;创始26.initiate start v. 开始;创始27.innovation new n. 革新;创新28.innovative new a. 创新的29.inordinate excessive a. 过度的30.insight into perceive 洞察31.install put in place v. 放置,安置32.Instant moment n. 片刻;瞬间33.instantaneous immediate a. 即刻的34.instigate incite/caused v. 唆使;煽动35.instructive informative v. 富有教育意义的36.insufficient inadequate a. 不足的37.intact untouched/ complete a.完好的38.in tandem together ad. 共同,一起39.intangible immaterial/immaterial a.无形的40.integral essential a. 不可或缺的41.intense strong/extremea. 强烈的42.intentionally deliberately ad. 有意地43.intercourse exchange n. 交流44.interlock link v. 互锁,连接45.intermediate in-between a./n. 中间的46.intermingle interact vt. 使混合47.interplay interaction n. 相互作用48.intimate close a. 亲密的49.intricate complex/carefully shaped a.复杂的50.intrigue interest v. 引发…兴趣51.intriguing fascinating a. 迷人的52.intrinsic essential/ inherent a. 本质的;内在的53.intrinsically fundamentally ad. 本质地,固有地54.intrusive invasive a. 侵入的55.invade move into v. 入侵;侵犯56.invaluable highly useful a. 极宝贵的57.invariably always ad. 始终如一地;一贯地58.invent devise v. 发明59.Inviolable without exception/allowing noattack a.不可违背的60.invoke appeal/ call upon v. 垦求,祈求61.irrecoverable permanent a.不能挽回的62.irreparable permanent a.不能挽回的63.isolated separated a. 孤立的;分离的64.jettison abondan/grop/reject/get rid ofv. 抛弃65.jolt shock v. 震动;震惊Day 111.judge estimate v. 评判2.junction connection n. 连接;接合3.juncture connection n. 连接;接合4.justified right/supposed a.正当的,假定的5.justify prove v. 证明...是正当的6.key significant/ important a. 重要的;关键的7.justly rightly ad. 正当地,公正地8.keep turn to maintain 保持9.key critical a. 关键的ding cargo/ shipment n. 货物ndscape scenery n. 风景;景色g delay n. 落后rge extensive a.大的;大量的rgely mostly ad. 大部分;主要地unch initiate/ start v. 发起;发动x careless a. 马马虎虎的;不严谨的17.legendary famous a. 传奇的,著名的18.legitimacy authority n. 合法性19.legitimately properly ad. 正当地;合法地20.leisure free time n. 闲暇21.leisurely slowly a.悠闲的;从容不迫地22.lethal fateful/ deadly a. 致命的23.liberal extensive a. 宽大的24.liken to compare v. 比较25.likewise similarly ad. 同样地26.linger wander/ stroll v. 徘徊;漫步27.link put together/connect/consistof v. 连接; 结合28.listening advertent a. 留神听的29.livelihood means of support n.生活;生计30.locale place n. 现场;场所31.locate find v. 找出32.location place n. 位置,地点33.lucrative profitable a. 有利益的34.luxuriant thriving a. 茂盛的35.magnify enlarge/ increase v. 放大;加大36.magnitude amount/ extent n. 量;大小;巨大;广大37.maintain continue v. 维持;使继续38.majestic magnificent a. 壮观的39.make their way travel phr./v. 前进40.malleable pliable a. 有延展性的41.mandatory required/ obligatory a. 强制的;义务的42.manifest reveal v. 表明;显现43.manipulate control v. 操纵44.marked considerable/ significant a. 显着的45.markedly distinctly/noticeably ad. 显着地46.marvelously remarkably ad. 引人注目地47.mask cover/disguise v. 遮避;掩护;伪装48.massive enormous/ huge a. 巨大的49.mastery control n. 控制50.match equal v. 相配,等于51.materialize come into being 产生,形成52.matter issue n. 问题;事件53.mature get older a. 成熟的54.maximum greatest size n. 最大量55.meager very low/thin a. 贫乏的;极低的56.mean average n. 平均值57.mechanism means n. 机制,原理58.mere subsistence minimize survival 最低的维持生存59.merely only/simply/no more than ad. 仅仅60.merit worth n. 价值61.merge blend/ combine v.合并;融合62.meticulously carefully ad. 小心地63.microbe germ n. 微生物;细菌estone significant event n. 里程碑;划时代的事件Day 12ky way galaxy n. 银河。

刘一男托福 10000词汇讲义-基础词汇部分

刘一男托福 10000词汇讲义-基础词汇部分

刘一男托福巅峰词汇10000之基础词汇部分主讲:刘一男第一部分字母语源造词精讲刘一男托福词汇精讲速记黄金讲典 A 部分黄金讲典体例:单词文本[国际音标] 中文释义讲典项目其一:词根文本,词根释义。

讲典项目其二:同根词简单词举证,(目的:为了熟悉本个词根)。

讲典项目其三:同词根高阶词扩展,(目的:为了扩充单词)。

讲典项目其四:(或)反义词例举。

abandon [☜♌✌⏹♎☜⏹]vt. 放弃, 遗弃,放纵词根词缀释义:a-不,band-布条、布带,on-后缀——不绑缚、不束缚——放弃、放纵。

本词根简单词:bandage 绷带(band-布条,age-名词后缀)。

本词根高阶词:bandit 强盗(band-布条,it-后缀——用布条蒙面的人)。

本单词反义词:permanent 坚持adhere 粘附,坚持abbreviate [☜♌❒♓♓♏♓♦]v. 缩写, 缩短, 简化, 简写成,词根词缀释义:ab-加强语气,brev=brief-短的(音变),iate-动词后缀——缩短。

本词根简单词: a brief talk 一次短暂的谈话。

本词根高阶词:abbreviation 缩写,缩写词。

本单词反义词:prolong 延长abnormal [✌♌⏹❍☜●]adj. 反常的, 变态的词根词缀释义:ab-不,norm-标准,al-的——不标准的、反常的。

本词根简单词:norm 标准(nor-也不,既不左也不右——标准)。

本词根高阶词:enormous 巨大的(e-超出,norm-标准,ous-的)。

本单词反义词:accustomed 惯常的abolition [✌♌☜●♓☞☜⏹]n. 废除, 废除奴隶制度词根词缀释义:本词是“abolish-取消、废除”的名词形势。

ab-不,ol-生长,ish-动词后缀——不再生长——取消,废除。

本词根简单词:ol-生长,简化自oil-油,养分——因为有油就会生长。

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• 1 Is it good or bad to work a year before study at university?Please include specific details in your explanation.•Note 笔记•T:work b4 university•2s:1 grow up—independence—competition—important –in the future • 2 ¥--buy,but x run out of budget•economic burdens --parents•T: personally,I think students should have work experience before attending college.•2s:one reason is that taking part-time jobs can help students grow up from children into adults, because this work experience can definitely allow them to cultivate independence among young people and help prepare them for the competitiveness of the work place, which is important for students in the future.•Furthermore, working helps build up students’pockets. With the money earned, they can buy whatever they want, and also learn how to budget their money correctly. Meanwhile, they are able to relieve the economic burdens on their parents.•C: For these reasons, I would definitely recommend that all students undertake work experience before college.2 Describe your favorite place for shop for clothes. Explain why you like go thereAs far as I’m concerned, my favorite place to shop for clothes is Vere Mode. First, I think they have really cool, good quality clothes in a funky style. Their selection always varies, and I always find something good to buy there. The clothes fit me the best as I have a big hips and a smaller waist.Second, I think it is the best place for shoes. I used to have difficulties finding shoes for my feet shape and size. And I’ve been happy with the shoes that I’ve bought from there. They are always of good quality, and it is fun to drool over the shoes that I would love to buy.Therefore, I love going shopping at Vere Mode.3 describe the steps through which you once learned a new subject and explainhow you learned it.Personally, I would like to share 3 simple steps to shortcut the process of learning a new language like English.Step one is to find someone who has experience in learning English and the get some good advice. You see, if someone has had your problem before and solved it, the it make no sense for you trying to learn from his experience.Then I will buy books on the topic, because reading the book and taking good notes will help me quickly pick up the knowledge and shorten the time it takes to learn.Finally, I need to take action on the things and practice as much as I can, because practice makes perfect. Without action nothing will ever be accomplished.4 which is better, independent learning or studying in groups?The main reason is that I’d like to think and solve problems on my own. Studying and solving problems without disturbance from others would allow me a better understanding of the materials and I feel happy whenever I get over difficulties by myself.The second reason is that, studying on my own is the best way to focus on my weaker areas, which might not be discussed within group studies. I’d make a schedule according to what I have to study, therefore, I would not waste my time on the material that I already know well enough, and I can well prepare for myexam.For these reasons, I like to study on my own.5 what kind of clothing do you usually wear and why?To be honest, I usually wear formal clothes and don’t really pay much attention to casual or funky clothes, because I believe that formal clothes can be very usedful.Firstly, formal clothes are required for work and for accasions such as meeting elders and attending meetings. So wearing formal clothes every day prepares me for every eventuality.Moreover, formal clothes are easier to wear: a pair of pants, a shirt and shoes are all you need. Formal clothes are timeless: they will never be out of fashion. These are the reasons I usually opt for formal clothes.6 Describe an activity that you enjoyed doing together with your family in your childhood.Personally, I would have to say that those picnics are a memorable experience, and there are a couple of reasons to name.First of all, I think the picnics are meaningful because they inspired my interest in cooking.before we went out for a picnic, my parents and I worked together to prepare food. Besides learning cooking skills, I realized that cooking was an enjoyable task.In addition, while eating and sharing the delicious home-made snacks, wechatted together freely in a pleasant atmosphere. I told my parents about some funny occurrences that had happened at school, and they shared some jokes and anecdotes on the books with me. I really enjoyed those days.So that’s why I consider those picnics to be unforgettab le.7 Describe the most unforgettable success in your life and your feelings about it. Please include specific details in your explanation.As far as I’m concerned, passing my university exams has been the greatest success in my life so far.The first thing I remember is that my university exams were the most difficult ones that I’ve ever taken. I had to learn in—depth knowledge about a range of subjects, all with minimal help from our tutors. That really tested my determination and discipline.Secondly, I clearly remember the feeling when I was receiving my exam results. That’s because I achieved a really high grade—exactly what I wanted. My parents were so proud of me, and I felt that my hard work has paid off.Those two reasons make my success in university exams the most unforgettable on in my life.8 describe an activity that you plan to do in the near future. Explain why, andAs far as I’m concerned, an activity that has been stuck in my mind recently is to travel to Mongolia.The main reason is that my childhood dream was to ride horses on the opengrassland, to experience life without boundaries, and to see the wide horizons of that magnificent region.Moreover, soon I will have enough time to fulfill this lifelong ambition, and it’s paramount that I seize the opportunity now. Maybe I won’t have another chance. These two reason s make me plan to travel to Mongolia, and I can’t wait!9while choosing a friend, which of the following characteristics do you care about most: honesty, loyalty or sense of humor? Explain why this characteristic is the most important to you?I think a good sense of humor has to be the most important characteristic for choosing a good friend.Although honesty and loyalty are important too, it’s important to say whether a person is honesty or loyal before you have known him or her for a long time. Therefore, when I meet people for the first time, their sense of humor is a good indication of whether we will be friends.Also, friends should be people who you can make jokes with, tell something funny and enjoy each other’s company. I think it’s more important for friends to have sense of humor.So these reasons are why I think friends should have a good sense of humor.10 Describe one of your friends and explain how you met and became friends.One of my closest friends since I left high school is called Danny. He’s a remarkable guy.Firstly, I met Danny while I was working in Singapore two years ago, and we have been good friends ever since. We were colleagues at that time, and we worked together and helped each other on many successful projects. I feel happy and comfortable when I work with him.Furthermore, I quickly learnt that he’s extremely talented. In fact, I would call him multi-talented. Not only does he work hard and achieve great success for our company, but also he is an accomplished sportsman and a capable musician. Overall, Danny’s such an easy-going and friendly guy that we became friends in no time.11 describe your feeling of having done something that you have never donePersonally, I love that feeling of experiencing new things is so satisfying. Particularly, human brain has an innate desire to learn new skills, so it must be part of our DNA. For example, I feel a sense of progression and excitement when I grasp a new skill. Trying new things makes our lives richer. It’s a very fulfilling experience.Another point to consider is that new experiences give us a great sense of awe. Doing new things like learning to play piano, makes us appreciate those people who are very skilled, like professional pianists.In one word, doing new things makes our lives colorful and satifying.12 what skill such as playing a sport, playing a musical instrument or speaking a foreign language would you like to acquire? Include details and examples in your explanation.Without doubt, one skill I’ve always wanted to learn is riding a motorbike.The primary reason is that riding a motorbike is a great mode of transport. It’s fast, inexpensive and extremely convenient in the city. Driving cars in the city is really stressful, so I would love to jump on a motorbike and skip all the traffic jams.The other reason why I want a motorbike is because of the style. Imagine riding on the open road, with the sun-setting in the west and a warm breeze coming from the ocean. It’s such a cool im age.Overall, there are many benefits of riding a motorbike, but these two are really what attracts me.。

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