2019-2020学年山西省运城市临猗县临晋中学高一下学期开学复课摸底考试英语试题

山西省运城市临猗县临晋中学2019-2020学年高一下学期开学复课摸底考试英语试题一.阅读理解（每小题3分，共60分）APalaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy to defend a large building, but usually these buildings are not designed with the comfort of a king in mind. When it comes to structures that are both beautiful and defensive, the European castle is a big success.Castles were originally built in England by the Normans in 1066.They built towers and walls to secure the land they had taken. These castles provided the Normans with a quiet and safe place. They also served as bases of operation for attacks. In this way castles served both defensive and offensive roles. Besides, castles served as offices for governors. Those that were socially beneath the governor would come to report affairs and express their respect. They would address problems, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities in castles. So castles served as social centers as well.The first castles were built from earth and wood, and they were likely to suffer from attacks by fire. Then wooden castles were gradually replaced by stone, which greatly increased the strength of these towers and walls. However, attackers could throw flaming objects into castles through the windows or burn the wooden doors. This led to moving the windows and entrances off from the ground floor and up to the first floor to make them more difficult to access.During the Middle Ages, attacks increased in regularity, so castle defenses were updated.Arrow-slits were added. They were small holes in the castle, which allowed defenders to fire without being hurt. Towers were built from which defenders could provide fire on both sides. The towers were connected to the castle by wooden bridges, so that if one tower fell, the rest of the castle was still easy to defend. A lot of rings of castle walls were constructed, so that even if attackers went past one wall, they would be caught on a killing ground between inner and outer walls. All of these increased the defense of castles.The end of castles can be attributed to gunpowder. During the 15th century, artillery, a kind of large guns, became powerful enough to break through stone walls. This greatly made the role of castles less effective. Though castles no longer serve their original purposes, remaining castles receive millions of visitors each year who wish to experience the situations of ancient times.1.What was the original function of castles according to the passage?A.They served as tourist attractions.B.They were important social centers.C.They marked religious ceremonies.D.They were built for use in emergencies.2.The reason why wooden castles were replaced by stone castles was that .A.stone castles cost less moneyB.stone castles offered better defenseC.wooden castles were uncomfortableD.wooden castles took a long time to build3.Which of the following showed an improvement in castle defenses?A.Castles were totally separated by stones.B.Arrow-slits were made in large quantities.C.Rings of walls were built to defend the towers.D.Windows and entrances were moved to the higher floor.4.What is the best title of the passage?A.Fancy Living: Learning about CastlesB.Normans: Bringing Castles to EnglandC.A History of Castles: The Rise and Fall of CastlesD.Defending Castles: Technologies Used to Defend CastlesBKangaroo Island is more famous for what it hasn’t got than what it has. Unlike mainland Australia,rabbits and foxes were never introduced,so the local wildlife has less competition for survival. Another thing the island doesn’t have is something a Scottish friend once called,“The Way of the Island.” There is no sense of being on the island;in many places,you can climb to a high point and see nothing but bushes in any direction.That catches many visitors out when they arrive with the idea of walking or cycling around the island. It’s really too big for that. There is little in the way of public transport,and the most practical ways to get around are to sign up for an organised tour or hire a car.The island’s main road,the Playford Highway,h eads westward from Nepean Bay until it meets the West End Highway in the middle of nowhere. The West End Highway heads south;the Playford Highway continues westward as a dirt road to Cape Borda,where there is a lighthouse,a few former light keepers’ cottag es,a National Park Visitor Centre and nothing else. Much of the island is farmland;lamb and beef from Kangaroo Island are especially prized. Fruit is also a major export,but the grapes in the vineyards (葡萄园) are turned into very acceptable wine first.19 N ational Parks and Conservation Areas cover over 30% of the island’s area, and the biggest of them lies to the southwest of the island,where the Flinders Chase National Park covers 32,600 hectaresof bush land. Entry is by permit only,which we bought at the park entrance at Rocky River. There,we wondered if the park authorities had the wildlife trained,because we saw a family of kangaroos right in the car park by the park office,but they only appeared after we paid the entrance fee!5.Why is the wildlife on Kangaroo Island more likely to survive?A.Because there are no rabbits or foxes on the island.B.Because rabbits and foxes are less competitive species.C.Because nobody lives on the island.D.Because the island is famous for its bushes.6.One of the most practical ways to get around on the island is to .A.rent a carB.ride a bikeC.take public transportD.sign up for a travel lesson7.What can you find at Cape Borda?A.The Playford Highway.B.The West End Highway.C.A few vineyards.D.Some former light keepers’cottages.8.The author and his family saw a family of kangaroos at the Flinders Chase National Park after they .A.talked to the park authoritiesB.paid the entrance feeC.went into the park officeD.arrived at Rocky RiverCFarmers, especially in developing countries, are often criticized (批评) for cutting down forests. But a new study suggests that many farmers recognize the value of keeping trees.Researchers using satellite photos found at least ten percent of trees cover on more than one billion hectares of farmland. That is almost half the farmland in the world. Earlier estimates (估计) were much lower and incomplete. The authors of the new study say it may still underestimate the true extent (程度) worldwide.The study found most trees cover in South America. Next comes Africa south of the Sahara, followed by Southeast Asia. North Africa and West Asia have the least.The study found that climate conditions alone could not explain the number of trees covers in different areas, nor could the size of nearby populations, meaning people and trees can live together. There are areas with few trees but also few people, and areas with many trees and many people. The findings suggest that things like land rights, markets or government policies can influence tree planting and protection.Dennis Garrity, who heads the World Agroforestry Center, says farmers are acting on their own to protect and plant trees. The problem, he says, is that policy makers and planners have been slow to recognize this and to support such efforts.The satellite photos may not show what the farmers are using the trees for, but we all know trees offer nuts, fruit, wood and other products. They also help prevent soil loss and protect water supplies. Even under drought (干旱) conditions, trees can often offer food and can be a way to earn money until the next growing season.Some trees act as natural fertilizers. They take nitrogen (氮气) out of the air and put it in the soil. Scientists at the Center say the use of fertilizer trees can reduce the need for chemical nitrogen by up to three-fourths. Trees also capture carbon dioxide, a gas connected to climate change.9.Through the study, the researchers found that.A.there are more trees on farmland than expectedB.fewer trees are being cut in developing countriesC.most farmers still don’t realize the value of treesD.trees play a key role in preventing climate change10.Which of the following has the least tree cover?A.Southeast Asia.B.West Asia.C.South America.D.Africa south of the Sahara.11.In Dennis Garrity’s opinion, .A.most farmers care about nothing but their own interestsB.there are usually few people living in areas with few treesernment plays a small role in tree planting and protectionernment should support farmers in planting and protecting trees12.What does Paragraph 6 mainly talk about?A.How farmers plant trees.B.What products trees can bring.C.The importance of trees to farmers.D.The environmental value of tree cover.DTwo billion children in the developing world can’t receive good education—the key to human development. However,technology offers an answer which allows the poor in developing countries to learn. It is a tool which holds the ability to change the lives of the poor,as it provides a means of learning and communicating.Educational programs must break away from old systems. New companies such as One Laptop Per Child (OLPC),an organization founded by MIT Professor Nicholas Negroponte have been active in solving the world’s education problem.The Internet has changed the world,allowing educational services to help with the global fight against poverty. Khan Academy is one such service. Like OLPC,it is an organization founded by Harvard Business School graduate Salman Khan with the task of “providing a free, world-class education for anyone,anywhere”.The education offered includes a large number of math-related topics.The GMAT Pill Review is another company that trains MBA candidates(应考人)worldwide to prepare for the GMAT exam on both the Quant and Verbal section. Founded by Stanford graduate Zeke Lee,the company offers services which are priced at about 75% less than other similar programs. It allows students from developing countries who might not be able to afford similar courses to have access to these services.Whether paid or free these services provide educational opportunities for those who would never have had the chance in the past. As a result of the technology revolution (革新),business schools may see more students from different corners of the world. Because of the Internet,people in developing nations have access to better and more affordable educational opportunities. More and more people will try to improve their lives through educational opportunities outside of their homeland—an idea usually uncommon in developing countries.13.According to the passage,technology can .A.improve people’s reading abilityB.solve the problems facing the whole worldC.help the poor to reduce povertyD.cause poverty in developing countries14.We can learn from the passage that Khan Academy aims to .A.help the poor pay for good coursesB.provide every child with a computerC.help train MBA candidatesD.make everyone receive good education15.Which of the following about GMAT Pill Review is TRUE?A.It only accepts students from developing countries.B.It was started by Professor Nicholas Negroponte.C.It charges students about 25 percent of other similar programs.D.The education it offers includes a lot of math-related topics.E阅读七选五(核心素养:语言能力)The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. 16 Pollution means making things dirty. It comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.Man has been polluting the earth. 17 Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in one place, Man moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.18 It’s bad for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily.19 They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air.The earth is our home. We must take care of it. 20 And we must take care of the rise in population at the same time.A.One of the biggest is pollution.B.The more people, the more pollution.C.Air pollution is still the most serious.D.That means keeping the land, water and air clean.E.Many countries are making rules to fight pollution.F.I hope scientists can find ways to solve the serious problem.G.Strange diseases have appeared in some places because of pollution.二.完形填空(每小题2分，共40分)Andy was still traveling in Spain when he realized he had to confirm (核实) his flight home with the airline company. He was visiting Spain in order to 1 his Spanish. When he was speaking to people 2 he had no 3 understanding what they said. 4 , when he was speaking on the phone, he had a(n) 5 . Andy 6 the airline. And the clerk confirmed that his plane was leaving at nine o’clockthree days from that day. She 7 told Andy to be at the airport two hours 8 in order to check in his luggage and get a seat.Since he was 9 in three days,Andy didn’t10 any time. He visited as many places as he could. He thought that it would probably be a while before he had enough money again. He wished he could 11 and spend a year in Spain.Too 12 ,the final day arrived. Andy left early for the airport to arrive two hours before take-off. He hated to 13 .He went to the clerk to 14 his ticket. The clerk looked at the ticket with 15 .“Why,sir,but your flight was at nine o’clock in the morning,and 16 it is eight in the evening.” “But I confirmed my flight,”Andy 17 . “Will I have to pay for another ticket?”“No,sir. However,the next flight out will be three days from now.”Andy’s 18 of shock turned to one of 19 as he realized that now he could continue his 20 .1.A.prepare B.improve C.enjoy D.contact2.A.slowly B.in public C.face to face D.fluently3.A.difficulty B.idea C.mistake D.interest4.A.Instead B.In a word C.At the same time D.However5.A.sickness B.anger C.problem D.change6.A.called B.liked C.trusted D.asked7.A.again B.also C.only D.once8.A.before B.earlier ter D.after9.A.moving B.returning C.staying D.leaving10.A.take B.have C.lose D.find11.A.wait B.go home C.stop e back12.A.shortly B.quickly C.badly D.fully13.A.speak B.go C.rush D.delay14.A.buy B.present C.order D.provide15.A.astonishment B.patience C.respect D.delight16.A.maybe B.so C.here D.now17.A.insisted B.apologized C.smiled D.desired18.A.experience B.expression C.look D.thought19.A.pleasure fort C.sadness D.hopelessness20.A.plan B.flight C.business D.vacation三.语法填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)One quarter of the population of Sichuan province and Chongqing municipality 1. (work) away from their homes as migrant workers. But the number 2. _______(have) been dropping this year.24-year-old Gu Qingxia 3. worked as a cashier before, together with her husband, 4. (be) to job fairs (招聘会) in Chongqing for many times and 5. ___________(want) to find jobs near hometown, because they want to come back to take care of their parents. This year, the number of migrant workers, like Gu Qingxia and her husband who 6. (choose) to return home for work 7. (be) increasing. Besides family, with rapid development of southwestern China, a large number of employment opportunities 8. (give) to migrant workers and they can earn as much as 9. they earn 10. Shenzhen.四根据所给提示用适当单词或短语的正确形式完成句子(共10 小题；每小题l.5 分，满分15 分)1.Crime often exists with poverty, like stealing driven by (hungry).2.The two cities are twinned with each other because of many (similar).3.Louis Cha Leung-yung, one of the most (influence) Chinese novelists, andbetter known under the pen name Jin Yong, died on 30th October.4.The hotel, beautifully (situate) in a quiet spot near the river, creates an atmosphere which visitors find so appealing.5... (strike) by the hurricane, the area had power cuts, but quickly it was back to normal.6.He came round for a coffee and we7.Ancient China was a place where states were often战)having a meal together. (以……结束)each other. (与……交8.Thankfully, the number of people who get infected is decreasing, and more and more patientsare cured and return home safe and sound; , everything will be fine.(简言之)9.Concerned about the continuing pollution of the environment, wetake action right away instead of letting matters take their course. (除...别无选择)10.____ , there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year, causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries. (平均来说)五书面表达(满分20 分)假定你是李华，你校外教Kevin 对中国传统文化很感兴趣。