Rachel and silent spring
寂静的春天-读书笔记
<<寂静的春天>>读书笔记作者简介：蕾切尔•卡逊（Rachel Carson，1907年5月27日－1964年4月14日），美国海洋生物学家，但她是以她的小说《寂静的春天》（Silent Spring）引发了美国以至于全世界的环境保护事业。
蕾切尔•卡逊1907年5月27日生于宾夕法尼亚州泉溪镇，并在那儿度过童年。
她1935年至1952年间供职于美国联邦政府所属的鱼类及野生生物调查所，这使她有机会接触到许多环境问题。
在此期间，她曾写过一些有关海洋生态的著作，如《在海风下》,《海的边缘》和《环绕着我们的海洋》,这些著作使她获得了第一流作家的声誉。
从前，春天，繁花象白色的云朵点缀在绿色的原野上，道路两旁有无数小鸟飞来飞去；而现在，花儿为什么不再开，鸟儿为什么不再来，本该像从前一样美丽的春天为什么如此寂静？蕾切尔·卡森将带我们寻找发生这一切的原因。
她尽可能搜集一切资料，阅读了数千篇研究报告和文章，总共花去五六年时间，在自己生活遇到极大痛苦，并且自己身体已经病重的时候，仍然继续自己的工作，靠着请打的毅力终于完成了自己的目标，写成了《寂静的春天》。
它的出现就像旷野中的一声呐喊，在全国引起极大的震荡，因为作品中的观点是人们前所未闻的，更因侵犯了某些产业集团的切身利益，这让很多人感到恼火，使作者受到的严厉攻击。
但她的声音永远不会寂静，她惊醒的不但是美国，甚至是整个世界。
初次见到这本书的时候，素淡的封面，给人一种淡淡的哀凉。
《寂静的春天》以一则明天的寓言开始。
寓言里如桃花源般虚构的城镇，在人类定居之后发生了可怕的变化，各种动物和孩子不断地死亡，一种奇怪的寂静笼罩了这个地方……蕾切尔〃卡逊通过大量充分的科学论证，表明这种由杀虫剂所引发的情况正在美国的全国各地发生。
它们污染了水源、土壤，破坏了从植物、浮游生物到鱼类、鸟类、兽类直至人类的生物链，使人患上慢性白血球增多症和各种癌症。
卡逊说：“它们不应该叫做杀虫剂，而应称为杀生剂”。
卡森论文：从小说《寂静的春天》看人与自然环境的关系
卡森论文：从小说《寂静的春天》看人与自然环境的关系【中文摘要】蕾切尔·卡森是美国著名的生态学家。
《寂静的春天》是她的经典之作。
通过《寂静的春天》她提出要停止滥用杀虫剂,更重要的是,她唤起了公众的环保意识,使人们认识到人类只是大自然中的一个普通成员。
无论植物、动物、山川、河流,它们都有生存权,都有其固有的价值,这种价值是不会随着人类的意愿血而改变的。
人类应该从征服自然的欲望中摆脱出来,以这种观点看待地球,从而理解和尊重自然。
卡森从一个认知的层面反映了人与自然的关系。
这将有助于人类实现经济、社会和生态共同发展的目标,消除由于人类征服和控制自然所导致的生态危机,重建人与自然的和谐关系。
这些观点将有助于解决中国的环境问题。
【英文摘要】Rachel Carson was a famous American ecologist. Silent Spring was her masterpiece in ecological literature. She advocated stopping the abuse of pesticide through her novel Silent Spring. More important, she successfully drew the public attention to the relationship between human and nature, made them realize that human being is one of the common members of nature. Humanity should respect all lives. Regardless of plants, animals, mountains and rivers, they have the right to survive. and they all have their own intrinsic and inherent values, which will not be changed by the desire of human beings. People willunderstand and respect nature better by examining the earth in such a view.Carson reflected the relationship between human and nature in a cognitive level. This will help people realize the goal on common development of economy, society and ecology, eliminate ecological crisis caused by the fact that human beings conquer and control nature, reconstruct the harmonious relationship between human and nature. These ideas are helpful for solving China’s environmental problems.【关键词】卡森《寂静的春天》人与自然的关系【英文关键词】Carson Silent Spring relationship between human and nature【目录】从小说《寂静的春天》看人与自然环境的关系Abstract6摘要7-8Contents8-10Chapter One Introduction10-13 1.1 Research Idea10-11 1.2 Current Situation11-12 1.3 ResearchPurpose12-13Chapter Two The Deevelopment of American Ecological Literatureand Its Representatives13-19 2.1 The Development Process of American EcologicalLiterature13-14 2.2 The Representatives of American Ecological Literature and Their EcologicalThought14-19 2.2.1 Henry DavidThoreau14-16 2.2.2 Edward Abbey16-19ChapterThree Rachel Carson and Silent Spring19-34 3.1 Brief Introduction to Carson19-24 3.1.1Life19-21 3.1.2 Main Works21-24 3.2 Introduction to Silent Spring24-34 3.2.1 WritingBackground24-26 3.2.2 Main Content of SilentSpring26-31 3.2.3 Theme of SilentSping31-34Chapter Four Revelation of Silent Sping to the Relationship betweenHuman Being and Natural Environment34-44 4.1 Ecological Effects of Pesticides on Public Health and our Environment34-35 4.2 Influence of Silent Spring35-36 4.3 Ecological Thought of Rachel Carson36-39 4.4 Criticism on the Thought of Human’s Conquering and Controlling Nature39-41 4.5 Dealing with the Relationship between Human and Nature from the View of Ecological Holism41-44Chapter FiveConclusion44-47Bibliography47-49Acknowledgeme nts49。
rachel carson寂静的春天引用
rachel carson寂静的春天引用
Rachel Carson是一位美国生物学家和科普作家，她的代表作是1962年出版的《寂静的春天》（Silent Spring），这本书揭示了农业化学品对环境和人类健康的危害，引起了广泛的关注和反响。
以下是一些关于《寂静的春天》的引用。
1. “我们的星球上有一种力量，它在我们不知不觉中改变着我们的命运。
这种力量是化学物质。
”
2. “我们必须接受这样一个事实，即我们的生活方式和技术进步所带来的繁荣是以破坏我们环境的代价为代价的。
”
3. “我们必须明白，没有什么比自然更强大，没有什么比自然更值得我们保护。
”
4. “我们必须学会与自然和谐相处，而不是试图征服它。
”
5. “我们必须停止使用那些对环境和人类健康有害的化学物质，而寻找更安全、更可持续的替代品。
”
6. “我们必须意识到，保护环境和人类健康不是一个政治问题，而是一个道德问题。
”
7. “我们必须为未来的世代留下一个更美好、更健康的星球。
”
总之，《寂静的春天》是一本具有历史意义的书籍，它不仅揭示了化学物质对环境和人类健康的危害，而且呼吁我们采取行动，保护我们的星球和未来的世代。
《寂静的春天》读书笔记
我读《寂静的春天》（Silent Spring）作者：龚佳敏专业：工商管理类班级：工管4班学号:2014211439一）引言《寂静的春天》是美国著名科普作家蕾切尔·卡森（Rachel Carson）在20世纪60年代撰写并出版的一部有关环境保护和呼吁公众环保意识觉醒的书籍。
20世纪60—70年代在美国发生了一次以生态观为主旨的规模空前的群众性的环境保护运动。
这次环保运动是美国历史上自然和资源保护运动的发展和继续，它的直接起因是人们对于日趋严重的环境污染的不满和恐惧，同时它也有着更为广阔的社会背景。
《寂静的春天》这本书正是产生于这样的背景下。
在书中，她对农业科学家的科学实践活动和政府的政策提出挑战，并号召人们迅速改变对自然世界的看法和观点。
她大胆预言，农药危害人类环境。
因此受到了与之利害攸关的生产与经济部门的强烈抨击。
好几家大型化工公司都试图禁止《寂静的春天》这本书的出版;反对者指责她是歇斯底里的极端主义者。
不仅如此，因为她女性的身份，很多冷嘲热讽直接与她的性别挂钩。
在进行《寂静的春天》创造过程中，卡森正忍受着乳腺癌的折磨。
可是她依然坚持着将书写完。
此书出版后两年，1964的春天，她就因乳腺癌辞世。
虽然她在书中提出的许多问题并没有被立即解决，但是书本身深受欢迎。
销量超过50万册、肯尼迪总统专门为这本书中提出的问题派出调查小组调查、广播公司特地为它作了时长1小时的节目……身为科学家兼理想主义者的卡森是孤独的，然而她却善于倾听民众的声音——这对一个声名显赫的人来说，通常是难以做到的。
深入研究本书，你会发现:作者除开挑战那些愚昧的行为观念外，更有深层的质疑，而这种质疑反而被人们所忽略。
“在所有的这些情况中，人们都回避了去认真考虑这样一个问题：是谁做了这个决定？”二）文本分析Chapter1—2（明天的寓言、忍耐的义务）池上的芦苇已经凋零，也听不到鸟儿的吟唱。
——济慈在书的扉页上，卡森写下了济慈的这句诗。
寂静的春天
主要内容
• 文章描述的是一个美国小镇在一群居民进行 生产生活改造之后，从美丽、和谐变成毫无 生机，最终人类可能将面临一个没有鸟、蜜 蜂和蝴蝶的世界。 • 文章的开头写了这样一段话：“春天，繁花 像白色的云朵点缀在绿色的原野上；秋天， 透过松林的屏风，橡树、枫树和白桦闪射出 火焰般的彩色光辉，狐狸在小山上叫着，小 鹿静悄悄地穿过了笼罩着秋天晨雾的原 野· · · · · · ”
• 创作背景：长期流行于全世界的口号—— “向大自然宣战”、“征服大自然”，在这儿， 大自然仅仅是人们征服与控制的对象，而非 保护并与之和谐相处的对象。人类的这种意 识大概起源于洪荒的原始年月，一直持续到 20世纪。没有人怀疑它的正确性，因为人 类文明的许多进展是基于此意识而获得的， 人类当前的许多经济与社会发展计划也是基 于此意识而制定的。蕾切尔· 卡逊（Rachel Carson）第一次对这一人类意识的绝对正 确性提出了质疑。
环境保护
• 《寂静的春天》1962年在美国问世时，是 一本很有争议的书，是标志着人类首次关注 环境问题的著作。 • 《寂静的春天》中提出的警告，唤醒了广大 民众，最后导致了政府的介入。于是， DDT先是受到政府的密切监督。到1962年 年底，各州的立法机关向政府提出了四十多 件有关限制使用杀虫剂的提案；1962年后， 联邦和各州都从杀虫剂的毒性方面出发，通 过了数十、数百条法律、法规，那种可拖延 五年的所谓“异议注册”于1964年被停施， DDT最后也于1972年被禁止使用。
当今世界的环境问题
（一）全球气候变暖 （二）臭氧层破坏 （三）生物多样性减少 （四）酸雨蔓延 （五）森林锐减
• • • • •
（六）土地荒漠化 （七）资源短缺 （八）水环境污染 （九）大气污染肆虐 （十）固体废弃物成灾
精读 silent spring 原文 寂静的春天(同飞君)
There was once a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings. The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields. In autumn, oak and maple and birch set up a blaze of colour that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines. Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the autumn mornings.Along the roads, laurel, viburnum and alder, great ferns and wild flowers, delighted the traveller's eye through much of the year. Even in winter the roadsides were places of beauty, where countless birds came to feed on the berries and on the seed heads of the dried weeds rising above the snow. The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life, and when the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and autumn people travelled from great distances to observe them. Others came to fish the streams, which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and contained shady pools where trout lay. So it had been from the days many years ago when the first settlers raised their houses, sank their wells and built their barns. Then a strange blight crept over the area and everything began to change. Some evil spell had settled on the community: mysterious maladies swept the flocks of chickens; the cattle and sheep sickened and died. Everywhere was a shadow of death. The farmers spoke of much illness among their families. In the town the doctors had become more and more puzzled by new kinds of sickness appearing among their patients. There had been several sudden and unexplained deaths not only among adults but even among children, who would be stricken suddenly while at play and die within a few hours.There was a strange stillness. The birds, for example — where had they gone Many people spoke of them, puzzled and disturbed. The feeding stations in the backyards were deserted. The few birds seen anywhere were moribund; they trembled violently and could not fly. It was a spring without voices. On the mornings that had once throbbed with the dawn chorus of robins, catbirds, doves, jays, wrens, and scores of other bird voices there was now no sound; only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh.On the farms the hens brooded, but no chicks were hatched. The farmers complained that they were unable to raise any pigs — the litters were small and the young survived only a few days. The apple trees were coming into bloom but no bees droned among the blossoms, so there was no pollination and there would be no fruit.The roadsides, once so attractive, were now lined with browned and withered vegetation asthough swept by fire. These too, were silent, deserted by all living things. Even the streams were now lifeless. Anglers no longer visited them, for all the fish had died.In the gutters under the eaves and between the shingles of the roofs, white granular powder still showed a few patches; some weeks before it had fallen like snow upon the roofs and the lawns, the fields and streams.No witchcraft, no enemy action had silenced the rebirth of new life in this stricken world. The people had done it themselves.This town does not actually exist, but it might easily have a thousand counterparts in America or elsewhere in the world. I know of no community that has experienced all the misfortunes I describe. Yet every one of these disasters has actually happened somewhere, and many real communities have already suffered a substantial number of them. A grim spectre has crept upon us almost unnoticed, and this imagined tragedy may easily become a stark reality we all shall know.What has already silenced the voices of spring in countless towns in America? This book is an attempt to explain.Form Silent Spring by Rachel Carson高中/大学组题型解析与赛前准备2014-12-18连云港组委会希望之星英语大赛连云港赛区2015年中央电视台希望之星英语风采大赛【高中/大学组题型解析】A：Hey！This is me. （自我介绍）个性化自我介绍不得超过90秒，出声计时开始。
寂静的春天
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十四每四个 中有一个
十七另外的路
十六雪崩的轰隆声
名师引读《寂静的 春天》
读书笔记
这是《寂静的春天》的读书笔记模板，可以替换为自己的心得。
精彩摘录
这是《寂静的春天》的读书笔记模板，可以替换为自己的精彩内容摘录。
谢谢观看
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一为明天寓 言
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二忍受的义 务
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四地表水和 地下海
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三死神的炼 金术
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五土壤的王国
六地球的绿披 2
风
3 七不必要的毁
灭
4 八再也没有鸟
儿歌唱
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九死亡之河
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十天灾难逃
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十一超越博 尔吉亚家族 的梦想
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十二人类的 代价
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十三通过一 扇狭窄的窗 户
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十五大自然 的反攻
寂静的春天
读书笔记模板
01 思维导图
03 作者介绍 05 读书笔记
目录
02 内容摘要 04 目录分析 06 精彩摘录
思维导图
关键字分析思维导图
窗户
地表水
精神
义务
家族
死神
地下海
作品
代表
杀虫剂 代价
博尔吉亚
生命
炼金术
土壤
人类
王国
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
梦想
河
内容摘要
《寂静的春天》是公认的开启了世界环境运动的奠基之作，作品讲述了以DDT为代表的杀虫剂的广泛使用给 人类生存环境造成的巨大的、难以弥补的危害。全书既有严谨求实的科学理性精神，又充满敬畏生命的人文情怀， 被公认为近50年来最具影响力的书。
作者介绍
《寂静的春天》(Silent Spring)
《寂静的春天》（Silent Spring）《寂静的春天》（SilentSpring）于1972～1977年间陆续译为中文，开首的几章曾在中国科学院地球化学研究所编辑出版的学术刊物“环境地质与健康”上登载过，全书于1979年由科学出版社正式出版。
20年后的今天，我们高兴地看到，在中国社会科学院哲学研究所吴国盛先生及吉林人民出版社的协同努力下，这本书得以纳入《绿色经典文库》再版。
我们衷心希望，这本彪炳史册的著作为中国环境保护事业带来的启迪和推动，能够继续下去。
《寂静的春天》1962年在美国问世时，是一本很有争议的书。
它那惊世骇俗的关于农药危害人类环境的预言，不仅受到与之利害悠关的生产与经济部门的猛烈抨击，而且也强烈震撼了社会广大民众。
你若有心去翻阅本世纪60年代以前的报纸或书刊，你将会发现几乎找不到“环境保护”这个词。
这就是说，环境保护在那时并不是一个存在于社会意识和科学讨论中的概念。
确实，回想一下长期流行于全世界的口号——“向大自然宣战”、“征服大自然”，在这儿，大自然仅仅是人们征服与控制的对象，而非保护并与之和谐相处的对象。
人类的这种意识大概起源于洪荒的原始年月，一直持续到20世纪。
没有人怀疑它的正确性，因为人类文明的许多进展是基于此意识而获得的，人类当前的许多经济与社会发展计划也是基于此意识而制定的。
蕾切尔．卡逊(Rachel Carson)第一次对这一人类意识的绝对正确性提出了质疑。
这位瘦弱、身患癌症的女学者，她是否知道她是在向人类的基本意识和几千年的社会传统挑战?《寂静的春天》出版两年之后，她心力交瘁，与世长辞。
作为一个学者与作家，卡逊所遭受的诋毁和攻击是空前的，但她所坚持的思想终于为人类环境意识的启蒙点燃了一盏明亮的灯。
蕾切尔．卡逊1907年5月27日生于宾夕法尼亚州泉溪镇，并在那儿度过童年。
她1935年至1952年间供职于美国联邦政府所属的鱼类及野生生物调查所，这使她有机会接触到许多环境问题。
寂静的春天 silent spring
Presidential Medal of Freedom
Environmental Protection Agency
A Gordo Sunday cartoon marking the passing of Rachel Carson in 1964
The Rachel Carson Bridge in Pittsburgh
Background By tradition and by Carson's own public assertions, the impetus for Silent Spring was ostensibly a letter written in January 1958 by Carson's friend, Olga Owens Huckins, to The Boston Herald, describing the death of numerous birds around her property resulting from the aerial spraying of DDT to kill mosquitoes, a copy of which Huckins sent to Carson. Carson has stated that the letter prompted her to turn her attention to environmental problems caused by chemical pesticides.
Criticism It was the opinion of celebrated writer, naturalist, and environmental activist Peter Matthiessen writing in Time Magazine in 1999 that even before Silent Spring was published by Houghton Mifflin in 1962 that there was strong opposition to it: Carson was violently assailed by threats of lawsuits and derision, including suggestions that this meticulous scientist was a "hysterical woman" unqualified to write such a book. A huge counterattack was organized and led by Monsanto Company, Velsicol, American Cyanamid – indeed, the whole chemical industry – duly supported by the Agriculture Department as well as the more cautious in the media.
寂静的春天
《寂静的春天》读书笔记蕾切尔·卡逊的著名作品《寂静的春天》，可以说这是一部伟大的著作，它是人类首次关注环境问题的著作，具有里程碑式的意义。
在书中，作者用大量的证据证明人类的居住对于大自然的严重破坏，用令人震撼的叙事方式描述了人类是如何在破坏自己的生存环境。
该书于1962年在美国问世时，一石激起千层浪，引起了很大争议，也引来许多部门和机构的关注。
它那惊世骇俗的关于农药危害人类环境的预言，不仅受到与之利害攸关的生产与经营部门的猛烈抨击，而且也强烈震撼了广大民众。
在这本书面世接近半个世纪之后，当我捧起它时，也不禁为作者蕾切尔·卡逊的悲悯情怀和卓越前瞻而震撼。
这本书以一则明天的寓言开始。
寓言里如桃花源般虚构的城镇，在人类定居之后发生了可怕的变化，各种动物和孩子不断地死亡，一种奇怪的寂静笼罩了这个地方……蕾切尔·卡逊通过大量充分的科学论证，多达54页的参考文献，表明这种由杀虫剂和其他化学物质以及更多的人类活动所引发的情况正在美国的全国各地发生，而今天，它已在世界各地发生。
它们污染了水源、土壤，破坏了从植物、浮游生物到鱼类、鸟类、兽类直至人类的生物链，使人患上慢性白血球增多症和各种癌症。
所以，作者认为，像DDT这种“给所有生物带来危害”的杀虫剂，“它们不应该叫做杀虫剂，而应称为杀生剂”。
同时，作者认为，所谓的“控制自然”，乃是一个愚蠢的提法，那是生物学和哲学尚处于幼稚阶段的产物，人类企图利用化学物质杀死那些他们认为有害的生物，但最终，由于人类合成的化学物质难以降解，同时包括人类在内的大部分生物都无法适应这些化学物质，所以这种做法最终危害的是地球上的所有物种，包括人类自身。
她呼吁，通过引进昆虫的天敌、保护物种的多样性等手段，利用生物防治的方法来代替使用化学物质对昆虫的控制，用自然界自己的方式去维护自己的平衡。
在书中，作者引用了大量的事实案例，并提供了丰富的证明材料进行佐证，具有极高的说服力，很多事实在今天的我们看来都是天经地义的，但在当时，作者能在那么早的时候意识到环保问题，而且能准确地预见到未来，确实令人感到敬佩。
《寂静的春天》(Silent Spring)
《寂静的春天》（Silent Spring）《寂静的春天》（SilentSpring）于1972～1977年间陆续译为中文，开首的几章曾在中国科学院地球化学研究所编辑出版的学术刊物“环境地质与健康”上登载过，全书于1979年由科学出版社正式出版。
20年后的今天，我们高兴地看到，在中国社会科学院哲学研究所吴国盛先生及吉林人民出版社的协同努力下，这本书得以纳入《绿色经典文库》再版。
我们衷心希望，这本彪炳史册的著作为中国环境保护事业带来的启迪和推动，能够继续下去。
《寂静的春天》1962年在美国问世时，是一本很有争议的书。
它那惊世骇俗的关于农药危害人类环境的预言，不仅受到与之利害悠关的生产与经济部门的猛烈抨击，而且也强烈震撼了社会广大民众。
你若有心去翻阅本世纪60年代以前的报纸或书刊，你将会发现几乎找不到“环境保护”这个词。
这就是说，环境保护在那时并不是一个存在于社会意识和科学讨论中的概念。
确实，回想一下长期流行于全世界的口号——“向大自然宣战”、“征服大自然”，在这儿，大自然仅仅是人们征服与控制的对象，而非保护并与之和谐相处的对象。
人类的这种意识大概起源于洪荒的原始年月，一直持续到20世纪。
没有人怀疑它的正确性，因为人类文明的许多进展是基于此意识而获得的，人类当前的许多经济与社会发展计划也是基于此意识而制定的。
蕾切尔．卡逊(RachelCarson)第一次对这一人类意识的绝对正确性提出了质疑。
这位瘦弱、身患癌症的女学者，她是否知道她是在向人类的基本意识和几千年的社会传统挑战?《寂静的春天》出版两年之后，她心力交瘁，与世长辞。
作为一个学者与作家，卡逊所遭受的诋毁和攻击是空前的，但她所坚持的思想终于为人类环境意识的启蒙点燃了一盏明亮的灯。
蕾切尔．卡逊1907年5月27日生于宾夕法尼亚州泉溪镇，并在那儿度过童年。
她1935年至1952年间供职于美国联邦政府所属的鱼类及野生生物调查所，这使她有机会接触到许多环境问题。
英语教师必读书目 《寂静的春天》
英语教师必读书目《寂静的春天》作为英语教师，以下是几本值得阅读的书籍，对于自我提高和教学有很大的帮助：1. "The Silent Spring"（《寂静的春天》）-瑞秋·卡森（Rachel Carson）这本书探讨了环境保护的重要性，特别是对于生物多样性和生态系统的影响。
作为英语教师，了解并讨论这些问题对于教授环境相关的主题和话题非常重要。
2. "How Languages are Learned"（《语言是如何学习的》）- Patsy M. Lightbown and Nina Spada这本书提供了关于语言学习和教学的理论和研究。
它探讨了学生如何学习和获得语言，以及教师如何有效地教授语言技能。
3. "Teaching and Researching: Listening"（《教学与研究：听力》）- Michael Rost这本书提供了关于听力教学的理论和实践的指导。
它探讨了不同类型的听力活动和策略，以及如何帮助学生提高他们的听力技能。
4. "Teaching English as a Second or Foreign Language"（《英语作为第二语言或外语教学》）- Marianne Celce-Murcia, Donna Brinton, and Marguerite Ann Snow这本书提供了全面的英语教学方法和技巧，尤其是在非母语环境下教授英语的情况下。
它讲解了课堂管理、教学策略和评估等方面的重要内容。
5. "The Practice of English Language Teaching"（《英语教学实践》）- Jeremy Harmer这本书是英语教学领域的经典之作，提供了广泛的教学技术和资源。
它涵盖了教学方法、教学素材的选择和使用，以及课堂实践的各个方面。
以上书籍提供了英语教师所需的理论和实践指导，可以帮助提高教学质量，并获得更好的教学效果。
寂静的春天书评
美国科普作家雷切尔·卡逊（RachelCarson）诞辰100周年纪念，她撰写的《寂静的春天》（SilentSpring）被公认为是西方现代环保运动的开山之作，她本人也被公众誉为“环保运动之母”。
但也有不少人认为她间接造成了6000万人的死亡，是人类历史上最恐怖的恶魔之一。
《寂静的春天》在线阅读寂静的春天“从前，在美国的中部有一个城镇，这里的一切生物看来与其周围环境生活得很和谐。
这个城镇坐落在像棋盘般排列整齐的繁荣的农场中央，周围是庄稼地，小山下果园成林。
春天，繁花像白色的云朵点缀在绿色的原野上;秋天，透过松林的屏风，橡树、枫树和白桦闪射出火焰般的彩色光辉，狐狸在小山上叫着，小鹿静悄悄地穿过了笼罩着秋天晨雾的原野。
”上面这段文字选自吉林出版社1997年版的《寂静的春天》（译者:吕瑞兰、李长生），读者就从这里开始了一段噩梦般的旅程。
接下来，卡逊写道:“（当农民移居这里之后）一个奇怪的阴影遮盖了这个地区，一切都开始变化。
一些不祥的预兆降临到村落里:神秘莫测的疾病袭击了成群的小鸡，牛羊病倒和死亡。
到处是死神的幽灵，农夫们诉说着他们家庭的多病，城里的医生也愈来愈为他们病人中出现的新病困惑莫解。
不仅在成人中，而且在孩子中出现了一些突然的、不可解释的死亡现象，这些孩子在玩耍时突然倒下了，并在几小时内死去。
”这两段文字完全不像是出自一本科普著作，更像是恐怖小说的开头。
事实上，卡逊的反对者正是抓住了这一点，把卡逊描述成一个没有经过科学训练，只知道煽情的文艺青年。
卡逊最初的志向确实是当一名诗人，大学选择的专业也是文学。
直到三年级时她才决定改学动物学，因为她意识到自己对大自然的热爱要多于对文学的痴迷。
大学毕业后，卡逊进入著名的约翰·霍普金斯大学，学动物学，主攻方向是“鲶鱼前肾（Pronephros）的发育”。
由于家庭负担重，她拿到硕士学位后便退学当老师。
暑假期间卡逊去麻省一个海洋生物研究所实习，并立即爱上了海洋。
高一语文《寂静的春天》知识要点与能力训练
《寂静的春天》知识要点与能力训练人类从猿人进化而来，一天天地适应自然，认识自然，改造自然，慢慢地将自然界据为己有，贪婪地索取，肆意地破坏。
与此同时，人类也在一步步走进深渊：地下水面临枯竭，森林面积逐渐减少，南极洲的冰层有溶化的趋势，大气层中的臭氧洞渐渐扩大，甚至太空也难逃厄运，“太空垃圾”四处游荡。
可怕的“世界末日”稍稍向人类逼近。
古代中国，人们推崇“天人合一”，很有道理。
人既非自然的主人，又非自然的奴隶，人与自然应是朋友，应溶为一体，你中有我，我中有你。
试想，人们留连于绿色原野，徜徉在花间小道，寻找温情脉脉的小溪、清新的风、和煦的阳光、柔软的草地，听月光下蟋蟀的吟唱，看萤火虫的点点灵光……那是多么美好的景象！“暖暖远人村，依依墟里烟。
”那是多么美好的田园风光啊！我们可以扮演一个可憎的破坏者的角色吗？不，绝不可以！否则，我们将成为自己的掘墓人。
大自然已被人们掠夺得千疮百孔，我们听到的是流离失所的动物悲鸣，我们看见的是枝头的小鸟哀怨地远去。
大自然留给人类的是“寂静的春天”。
难道我们就这样生活在一个只有冰冷的机器、污浊的空气的世界中吗？现代科技的发展是一把双刃剑，与污染形影相随。
人们必须在发展的同时注意对环境的保护，只有这样，才能为自己的子孙后代留一片干净的家园。
而最要紧的是，我们每一个普通人都应该积极行动起来，做环境的保护者。
“寂静的春天”！春天为什么寂静了？让我们从课文中吸取教训。
【背景知识】作者简介雷切尔·卡森(Rachel Carson)，1907年出生。
从小爱好文学，10岁时就在儿童刊物上发表作品。
她性格内向，喜爱读书写诗，热爱大自然，是热心的鸟类爱好者。
中学毕业后进人宾夕法尼亚州女子学院主修英国文学，业余继续写诗。
二年级时的一门生物学课唤醒了她对大自然的好奇心，决定转而主修动物学。
1929年卡森以优异成绩获得约翰·霍布金斯大学动物学硕士学位，其后在马里兰大学教了几年动物学。
寂静的春天英文版
SILENT SPRINGBy RACHEL CARSON(ONE SINGLE BOOK WHICH BROUGHT THE ISSUE OF PESTICIDES CENTERSTAGE. WITH MASS SCALE POISONING OF THE LAND WITH PESTICIDES AND WITH THOUSANDS OF FARMERS COMMITTING SUICIDE. THIS BOOK IS ESSENTIAL FOR PUBLIC RESEARCH IN INDIA.)ContentsAcknowledgments ixForeword xi1 A Fable for Tomorrow 12 The Obligation to Endure 53 Elixirs of Death 154 Surface Waters and Underground Seas 395 Realms of the Soil 536 Earth’s Green Mantle 637 Needless Havoc 858 And No Birds Sing 1039 Rivers of Death 12910 Indiscriminately from the Skies 15411 Beyond the Dreams of the Borgias 17312 The Human Price 18713 Through a Narrow Window 19914 One in Every Four 21915 Nature Fights Back 24516 The Rumblings of an Avalanche 26217 The Other Road 277List of Principal Sources 301Index 357AcknowledgmentsIN A LETTER written in January 1958, Olga Owens Huckins told me of her own bitter experience of a small world made lifeless, and so brought my attention sharply back to a problem with which I had long been concerned. I then realized I must write this book.During the years since then I have received help and encouragement from so many people that it is not possible to name them all here. Those who have freely shared with me the fruits of many ye ars’ experience and study represent a wide variety of government agencies in this and other countries, many universities and research institutions, and many professions. To all of them I express my deepest thanks for time andthought so generously given.In addition my special gratitude goes to those who took time to read portions of the manuscript and to offer comment and criticism based on their own expert knowledge. Although the final responsibility for the accuracy and validity of the text is mine, I could not have completed the book without the generous help of these specialists: L. G. Bartholomew, M.D., of the Mayo Clinic, John J. Biesele of the University of Texas, A. W.A. Brown of the University of Western Ontario, Morton S. Biskind, M.D., of Westport, Connecticut, C. J. Briejer of the Plant Protection Service in Holland, Clarence Cottam of the Rob and Bessie Welder Wildlife Foundation, George Crile, Jr., M.D., of the Cleveland Clinic, Frank Egler of Norfolk, Connecticut, Malcolm M. Hargraves, M.D., of the Mayo Clinic, W.C. Hueper, M.D., of the National Cancer Institute, C. J. Kerswill of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, Olaus Murie of the Wilderness Society, A. D. Pickett of the Canada Department of Agriculture, Thomas G. Scott of the Illinois Natural History Survey, Clarence Tarzwell of the Taft Sanitary Engineering Center, and George J. Wallace of Michigan State University. Every writer of a book based on many diverse facts owes much to the skill and helpfulness of librarians. I owe such a debt to many, but especially to Ida K. Johnston of the Department of the Interior Library and to Thelma Robinson of the Library of the National Institutesof Health. As my editor, Paul Brooks has given steadfast encouragement over the years and has cheerfully accommodated his plans to postponements and delays. For this, and for his skilled editorial judgment, I am everlastingly grateful. I have had capable and devoted assistance in the enormous task of library research from Dorothy Algire, Jeanne Davis, and Bette Haney Duff. And I could not possibly have completed the task, under circumstances sometimes difficult, except for the faithful help of my housekeeper, Ida Sprow.Finally, I must acknowledge our vast indebtedness to a host of people, many of them unknown to me personally, who have nevertheless made the writing of this book seem worthwhile. These are the people who first spoke out against the reckless and irresponsible poisoning of the world that man shares with all other creatures, and who are even now fighting the thousands of small battles that in the end will bring victory for sanity and common sense in our accommodation to the world that surrounds us.ForewordIN 1958, when Rachel Carson undertook to write the book that becameSilent Spring, she was fifty years old. She had spent most of her professional life as a marine biologist and writer with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. But now she was a world-famous author, thanks to the fabulous success of The Sea Around Us, published seven years before. Royalties from this book and its successor, The Edge of the Sea, had enabled her to devote full time to her own writing.To most authors this would seem like an ideal situation: an established reputation, freedom to choose one’s own subjec t, publishers more than ready to contract for anything one wrote. It might have been assumed that her next book would be in a field that offered the same opportunities, the same joy in research, as did its predecessors. Indeed she had such projects in mind. But it was not to be.While working for the government, she and her scientific colleagues had become alarmed by the widespread use of DDT and other long-lasting poisons in so-called agricultural control programs. Immediately after the war, when these dangers had already been recognized, she had tried in vain to interest some magazine in an article on the subject. A decade later, when the spraying of pesticides and herbicides (some of them many times as toxic as DDT) was causing wholesale destruction of wildlife and its habitat, and clearly endangering human life, she decidedshe had to speak out. Again she tried to interest the magazines in an article. Though by now she was a well-known writer, the magazine publishers, fearing to lose advertising, turned her down. For example, a manufacturer of canned baby food claimed that such an article would cause “unwarranted fear” to mothers who used his product. (The one exception was The New Yorker, which would later serialize parts of Silent Spring in advance of book publication.)So the only answer was to write a book—book publishers being free of advertising pressure. Miss Carson tried to find someone else to write it, but at last she decided that if it were to be done, she would have to do it herself. Many of her strongest admirers questioned whether she could write a salable book on such a dreary subject. She shared their doubts, but she went ahead because she had to. “There would be no peace for me,” she wrote to a friend, “if I kept silent.”Silent Spring was over four years in the making. It required a very different kind of research from her previous books. She could no longer recount the delight s of the laboratories at Woods Hole or of the marine rock pools at low tide. Joy in the subject itself had to be replaced by a sense of almost religious dedication. And extraordinary courage: during the final years she was plagued with what she termed “a wholecatalogue of illnesses.”Also she knew very well that she would be attacked by the chemical industry. It was not simply that she was opposing indiscriminate use of poisons but—more fundamentally—that she had made clear the basic irresponsibility of an industrialized, technological society toward the natural world. When the attack did come, it was probably as bitter and unscrupulous as anything of the sort since the publication of Charles Darwin’s Origin of Species a century before. Hundreds of thousands of dollars were spent by the chemical industry in an attempt to discredit the book and to malign the author—she was described as an ignorant and hysterical woman who wanted to turn the earth over to the insects.These attacks fortunately backfired by creating more publicity than the publisher possibly could have afforded. A major chemical company tried to stop publication on the grounds that Miss Carson had made a misstatement about one of their products. She hadn’t, and publication proceeded on schedule.She herself was singularly unmoved by all this furor狂热；激怒. Meanwhile, as a direct result of the message in Silent Spring, President Kennedy set up a special panel of his Science Advisory Committee to study theproblem of pesticides. The panel’s report, when it appeared some months later, was a complete vindication of her thesis.Rachel Carson was very modest about her accomplishment. As she wrote to a close friend when the manuscript was nearing completion: “The beauty of the living world I was trying to save has always been uppermost in my mind—that, and anger at the senseless, brutish things that were being done.... Now l can believe I have at least helped a little.” In fact, her book helped to make ecology, which was an unfamiliar word in those days, one of the great popular causes of our time. It led to environmental legislation at every level of government.Twenty-five years after its original publication, Silent Spring has more than a historical interest. Such a book bridges the gulf between what C. P. Snow called “the two cultures.” Rachel Carson was a realistic, well-trained scientist who possessed the insight and sensitivity of a poet. She had an emotional response to nature for which she did not apologize. The more she learned, the greater grew what she termed “the sense of wonder.” So she succeeded in making a book about death a celebration of life.Rereading her book today, one is aware that its implications are farbroader than the immediate crisis with which it dealt. By awaking us to a specific danger—the poisoning of the earth with chemicals—she has helped us to recognize many other ways (some little known in her time) in which mankind is degrading the quality of life on our planet. And Silent Spring will continue to remind us that in our overorganized and overmechanized age, individual initiative and courage still count: change can be brought about, not through incitement煽动，刺激to war or violent revolution, but rather by altering the direction of our thinking about the world we live in.1. A Fable for T omorrowTHERE WAS ONCE a town in the heart of America where all life seemed to live in harmony with its surroundings. The town lay in the midst of a checkerboard of prosperous farms, with fields of grain and hillsides of orchards where, in spring, white clouds of bloom drifted above the green fields. In autumn, oak and maple（枫树）and birch set up a blaze of color that flamed and flickered across a backdrop of pines. Then foxes barked in the hills and deer silently crossed the fields, half hidden in the mists of the fall mornings.Along the roads, laurel, viburnum and alder, great ferns and wildflowers delighted the traveler’s eye through much of the year. Even in winter theroadsides were places of beauty, where countless birds came to feed on the berries and on the seed heads of the dried weeds rising above the snow. The countryside was, in fact, famous for the abundance and variety of its bird life, and when the flood of migrants was pouring through in spring and fall, people traveled from great distances to observe them. Others came to fish the streams, which flowed clear and cold out of the hills and contained shady pools where trout lay. So it had been from the days many years ago when the first settlers raised their houses, sank their wells, and built their barns.Then a strange blight crept over the area and everything began to change. Some evil spell had settled on the community: mysterious maladies swept the flocks of chickens; the cattle and sheep sickened and died. Everywhere was a shadow of death. The farmers spoke of much illness among their families. In the town the doctors had become more and more puzzled by new kinds of sickness appearing among their patients. There had been several sudden and unexplained deaths, not only among adults but even among children, who would be stricken suddenly while at play and die within a few hours.There was a strange stillness. The birds, for example—where had they gone? Many people spoke of them, puzzled and disturbed. The feedingstations in the backyards were deserted. The few birds seen anywhere were moribund; they trembled violently and could not fly. It was a spring without voices. On the mornings that had once throbbed with the dawn chorus of robins, catbirds, doves, jays, wrens, and scores of other bird voices there was now no sound; only silence lay over the fields and woods and marsh.On the farms the hens brooded, but no chicks hatched. The farmers complained that they were unable to raise any pigs—the litters were small and the young survived only a few days. The apple trees were coming into bloom but no bees droned among the blossoms, so there was no pollination and there would be no fruit.The roadsides, once so attractive, were now lined with browned and withered vegetation as though swept by fire. These, too, were silent, deserted by all living things. Even the streams were now lifeless. Anglers no longer visited them, for all the fish had died.In the gutters（排水沟）under the eaves（屋檐）and between the shingles of the roofs, a white granular（颗粒状的）powder still showed a few patches; Some weeks before it had fallen like snow upon the roofs and the lawns, the fields and streams. No witchcraft, no enemy actionhad silenced the rebirth of new life in this stricken world. The people had done it themselves.This town does not actually exist, but it might easily have a thousand counterparts in America or elsewhere in the world. I know of no community that has experienced all the misfortunes I describe. Yet every one of these disasters has actually happened somewhere, and many real communities have already suffered a substantial number of them. A grim specter has crept upon us almost unnoticed, and this imagined tragedy may easily become a stark reality we all shall know.What has already silenced the voices of spring in countless towns in America? This book is an attempt to explain.2. The Obligation to EndureTHE HISTORY OF LIFE on earth has been a history of interaction between living things and their surroundings. To a large extent, the physical form and the habits of the earth’s vegetation and its animal life have been molded by the environment. Considering the whole span of earthly time, the opposite effect, in which life actually modifies its surroundings, has been relatively slight. Only within the moment of timerepresented by the present century has one species—man—acquired significant power to alter the nature of his world.During the past quarter century this power has not only increased to one of disturbing magnitude but it has changed in character. The most alarming of all man’s assaults upon the environment is the contamination of air, earth, rivers, and sea with dangerous and even lethal (d e a d l y) materials. This pollution is for the most part irrecoverable; the chain of evil it initiates not only in the world that must support life but in living tissues is for the most part irreversible. In this now universal contamination of the environment, chemicals are the sinister and little-recognized partners of radiation in changing the very nature of the world—the very nature of its life. Strontium 90, released through nuclear explosions into the air, comes to earth in rain or drifts down as fallout(放射性尘埃), lodges in soil, enters into the grass or corn or wheat grown there, and in time takes up its abode in the bones of a human being, there to remain until his death. Similarly, chemicals sprayed on croplands or forests or gardens lie long in soil, entering into living organisms, passing from one to another in a chain of poisoning and death. Or they pass mysteriously by underground streams until they emerge and, through the alchemy (magic) of air and sunlight, combine into new forms that kill vegetation, sicken cattle, and work unknownharm on those who drink from once pure wells. As Albert Schweitzer has said, ‘Man can hardly even recognize the devils of his own creation.’It took hundreds of millions of years to produce the life that now inhabits the earth—eons of time in which that developing and evolving and diversifying life reached a state of adjustment and balance with its surroundings. The environment, rigorously shaping and directing the life it supported, contained elements that were hostile as well as supporting. Certain rocks gave out dangerous radiation; even within the light of the sun, from which all life draws its energy, there were short-wave radiations with power to injure. Given time—time not in years but in millennia—life adjusts, and a balance has been reached. For time is the essential ingredient; but in the modern world there is no time.The rapidity of change and the speed with which new situations are created follow the impetuous (rude, violent) and heedless pace of man rather than the deliberate pace of nature. Radiation is no longer merely the background radiation of rocks, the bombardment of cosmic rays, the ultraviolet (紫外线) of the sun that have existed before there was any life on earth; Radiation is now the unnatural creation of man’s tampering (intervene) with the atom. The chemicals to which life is asked to make its adjustment are no longer merely the calcium and silica and copperand all the rest of the minerals washed out of the rocks and carried in rivers to the sea; they are the synthetic creations of man’s inventiv e mind, brewed in his laboratories, and having no counterparts in nature.To adjust to these chemicals would require time on the scale that is nature’s; it would require not merely the years of a man’s life but the life of generations. And even this, were it by some miracle possible, would be futile, for the new chemicals come from our laboratories in an endless stream; almost five hundred annually find their way into actual use in the United States alone. The figure is staggering and its implications are not easily grasped—500 new chemicals to which the bodies of men and animals are required somehow to adapt each year, chemicals totally outside the limits of biologic experience.Among them are many that are used in man’s war against nature. Since the mid-1940s over 200 basic chemicals have been created for use in killing insects, weeds, rodents(n. 啮齿动物，啮齿类),and other organisms described in the modern vernacular as ‘pests’; and they are sold under several thousand different brand names.These sprays, dusts, and aerosols (气雾剂, 喷雾)are now applied almost universally to farms, gardens, forests, and homes—nonselectivechemicals that have the power to kill every insect,the ‘good’ and the ‘bad’, to still the song of birds and the leaping of fish in the streams, to coat the leaves with a deadly film, and to linger on in soil—all this though the intended target may be only a few weeds or insects. Can anyone believe it is possible to lay down such a barrage of poisons on the surface of the earth without making it unfit for all life? They should not be called ‘insecticides’, but ‘biocides’.The whole process of spraying seems caught up in an endless sp iral.Since DDT was released for civilian use, a process of escalatio n (n. 增加；扩大；逐步上升) has been going on in which ever more toxic materials must be found. This has happened because insects, in a triumphant vindication of Darwin’s principle of the survival of the fittest, have evolved super races immune to the particular insecti cide used, hence a deadlier one has always to be developed—and then a deadlier one than that. It has happened also because, for reasons to be described later, destructive insects often undergo a ‘flareback’, or resurgence, after spraying, in numbers greater than before. Thus the chemical war is never won, and all life is caugh t in its violent crossfire.Along with the possibility of the extinction of mankind by nuclear war,the central problem of our age has therefore become the contamination of man’s total environment with such substances of incredible potential for harm—substances that accumulate in the tissues of plants and animals and even penetrate the germ cells to shatter or alter the very material of heredity upon which the shape of the future depends. Some would-be architects of our future look toward a time when it will be possible to alter the human germ plasm by design. But we may easily be doing so now by inadvertence, for many chemicals, like radiation, bring about gene mutations. It is ironic to think that man might determine his own future by something so seemingly trivial as the choice of an insect spray.All this has been risked—for what? Future historians may well be amazed by our distorted sense of proportion. How could intelligent beings seek to control a few unwanted species by a method that contaminated the entire environment and brought the threat of disease and death even to their own kind? Yet this is precisely what we have done. We have done it, moreover, for reasons that collapse the moment we examine them. We are told that the enormous and expanding use of pesticides is necessary to maintain farm production. Yet is our real problem not one of overproduction? Our farms, despite measures to remove acreages from production, and to pay farmers notto produce, have yielded such a staggering excess of crops that the American taxpayer in 1962 is paying out more than one billion dollars a year as the total carrying cost of the surplus-food storage program. And is the situation helped when one branch of the Agriculture Department tries to reduce production while another states, as it did in 1958, ‘It is believed generally that reduction of crop acreages under provisions of the Soil Bank will stimulate interest in use of chemicals to obtain maximum pro duction on the land retained in crops.’All this is not to say there is no insect problem and no need of control. I am saying, rather, that control must be geared to realities, not to mythical situations, and that the methods employed must be such that they do not destroy us along with the insects.The problem whose attempted solution has brought such a train of disaster in its wake is an accompaniment of our modern way of life. Long before the age of man, insects inhabited the earth—a group of extraordinarily varied and adaptable beings. Over the course of time since man’s advent (n. 到来；出现；基督降临；基督降临节), a small percentage of the more than half a million species of insects have come into conflict with human welfare in two principal ways: as competitors for the food supply and as carriers of human disease.Disease-carrying insects become important where human beings are crowded together, especially under conditions where sanitation is poor, as in time of natural disaster or war or in situations of extreme poverty and deprivation. Then control of some sort becomes necessary. It is a sobering fact, however, as we shall presently see, that the method of massive chemical control has had only limited success, and also threatens to worsen the very conditions it is intended to curb (restrain).Under primitive agricultural conditions the farmer had few insect problems. These arose with the intensification of agriculture—the devotion of immense acreages to a single crop. Such a system set the stage for explosive increases in specific insect populations. Single-crop farming does not take advantage of the principles by which nature works; it is agriculture as an engineer might conceive it to be. Nature has introduced great variety into the landscape, but man has displayed a passion for simplifying it. Thus he undoes the built-in checks and balances by which nature holds the species within bounds.One important natural check is a limit on the amount of suitable habitat for each species. Obviously then, an insect that lives on wheat can build up its population to much higher levels on a farm devoted to wheat than onone in which wheat is intermingled with other crops to which the insect is not adapted.The same thing happens in other situations. A generation or more ago, the towns of large areas of the United States lined their streets with the noble elm tree (榆树). Now the beauty they hopefully created is threatened with complete destruction as disease sweeps through the elms, carried by a beetle that would have only limited chance to build up large populations and to spread from tree to tree if the elms were only occasional trees in a richly diversified planting.Another factor in the modern insect problem is one that must be viewed against a background of geologic and human history: the spreading of thousands of different kinds of organisms from thei r native homes to invade new territories. This worldwide migratio n has been studied and graphically described by the British ecolog ist Charles Elton in his recent book The Ecology of Invasions. Duri ng the Cretaceous(n. 白垩纪；白垩系adj. 白垩纪的；似白垩的)Period, some hun dred million years ago, flooding seas cut many land bridges betwe en continents and living things found themselves confined in what Elton calls ‘colossal separate nature reserves’. There, isolated from others of their kind, they developed many new species. When some of the land masses were joined again, about 15 million years ago, these species began to move out into new territories—a mov ement that is not only still in progress but is now receiving consi derable assistance from man.The importation of plants is the primary agent in the modern sp read of species, for animals have almost invariably gone along wi th the plants, quarantine (n. 检疫；隔离；检疫期；封锁vt. 检疫；隔离；使隔离vi. 实行隔离) being a comparatively recent and not completely effective inno vation. The United States Office of Plant Introduction alone has int roduced almost 200,000 species and varieties of plants from all ov er the world. Nearly half of the 180 or so major insect enemies of plants in the United States are accidental imports from abroad, and most of them have come as hitchhikers on plants.In new territory, out of reach of the restraining hand of the natural enemies that kept down its numbers in its native land, an invading plant or animal is able to become enormously abundant. Thus it is no accident that our most troublesome insects are introduced species.These invasions, both the naturally occurring and those dependent on human assistance, are likely to continue indefinitely. Quarantine andmassive chemical campaigns are only extremely expensive ways of buying time. We are faced, according to Dr. Elton, ‘with a life-and-death need not just to find new technological means of suppressing this plant or that animal’; i nstead we need the basic knowledge of animal populations a nd their relations to their surroundings that will ‘promote an even balance and damp down the explosive power of outbreaks and new invasions.’Much of the necessary knowledge is now available but we do not use it. We train ecologists in our universities and even employ them in our governmental agencies but we seldom take their advice. We allow the chemical death rain to fall as though there were no alternative, whereas in fact there are many, and our ingenuity could soon discover many more if given opportunity.Have we fallen into a mesmerized (adj. 着迷的v. 施催眠术，迷住，迷惑）state that makes us accept as inevitable that which is inferior or detr imental, as though having lost the will or the vision to demand that which is good?Such thinking, in the words of the ecologist Paul Shepard, ‘idealizes life with only its head out of water, inches above the limits of toleration of the corruption of its own enviro nment...Why should we tolerate a diet of weak poisons, a home in insipid surroundings, a circle of acquaintances who are not quite our enemies, the noise of motors with just enough relief to preve nt insanity? Who would want to live in a world which is just no t quite fatal?’Yet such a world is pressed upon us. The crusade to create a che mically sterile, insect-free world seems to have engendered a fanat ic zeal on the part of many specialists and most of the so-called control agencies. On every hand there is evidence that those enga ged in spraying operations exercise a ruthless power. ‘The regulato ry entomologists (n.昆虫学者)function as prosecutor(n. 检察官；公诉人；[法] 起诉人；实行者), judge and jury, tax assessor and collector and sheriff to enforce their own orders,’ said Connecticut entomologist Neely Tu rner. The most flagrant (declared公然的；notorious) abuses go unche cked in both state and federal agencies.It is not my contention that chemical insecticides must never be used. I do contend that we have put poisonous and biologically potent chemicals indiscriminately into the hands of persons largely or wholly ignorant of their potentials for harm. We have subjected enormous numbers of people to contact with these poisons, without their consent and often without their knowledge. If the Bill of Rights contains。
书品《寂静的春天》作文
书品《寂静的春天》作文英文回答：Silent Spring by Rachel Carson is a powerful and influential book that has had a profound impact on the environmental movement. First published in 1962, the book raises awareness about the devastating effects of pesticides, particularly DDT, on the environment and human health. Carson's meticulous research and compelling writing style captivated readers, sparking a national dialogue about the need for responsible pesticide use.One of the book's most significant contributions is its exposure of the indiscriminate use of pesticides and their far-reaching consequences. Carson vividly describes how these chemicals accumulate in the environment, contaminating soil, water, and wildlife. She documents the harmful effects on birds, fish, and other animals, as well as the potential health risks to humans. Her groundbreaking research played a crucial role in the eventual ban of DDTin the United States and other countries.Moreover, Silent Spring challenged the prevalent belief that scientific advancements could solve environmental problems without considering the potential unintended consequences. Carson emphasized the interconnectedness of ecosystems and the importance of preserving biodiversity. Her book sparked a broader discussion about the ethical implications of technological advancements and the need for a more holistic approach to environmental protection.The impact of Silent Spring extends beyond its immediate influence on pesticide policy. It is widely recognized as a catalyst for the modern environmental movement, inspiring countless individuals and organizations to advocate for environmental protection. Carson's legacy continues to inspire environmentalists today, reminding us of the importance of science, advocacy, and public engagement in addressing environmental challenges.中文回答：《寂静的春天》是蕾切尔·卡森的一本著作，这是一本影响深远、影响力巨大的著作。
著名生态学家及其贡献
著名生态学家及其贡献1. 鲍勃·皮尔（Bob Paine）：他发现了食物链的重要性，并提出了“扰动假设”（Disturbance Hypothesis），指出一个物种的数量和多样性可以影响整个生态系统的稳定性。
2. 凯文·卡尔森（Kevin Carson）：他开发了生态学网络理论，帮助人们理解在生态系统中的各种相互作用和信息流动。
3. 瑞切尔·卡森（Rachel Carson）：她的著作“寂静的春天”（Silent Spring）揭示了残杀昆虫的农药对环境和人类的潜在危害，激起了环保运动的兴起。
4. 保罗·艾日里希（Paul Ehrlich）：他提出了“人口爆炸”（population explosion）的概念，并发明了许多生态学模型来描述类似于物种灭绝这样的过程。
5. 格蕾丝·霍普（Grace Hopper）：她的探索和发现帮助解释了长期存在的问题，如无脊椎动物的多样性和海洋生态系统的生命力。
6. 罗伯特·帕奇（Robert Pacheco）：他通过对生态系统的数学建模，证明了如果一个物种被消灭，这可能会导致生态系统的瓦解。
7. 罗伯特·马歇尔（Robert Marshall）：他的贡献之一是提出了“国家公园”（National Park）的概念，创造了美国保护自然的意识。
8. 詹姆斯·洛夫洛克（James Lovelock）：他提出了“地球生态系统”（Gaia Hypothesis）的概念，指出地球上所有有机和无机元素、空气、水和土壤都构成了一个互相联系，自我调节和稳定的系统。
9. 格蕾丝·奥尔德（Grace Alder）：她作为一名飞行员和自然保护主义者，她的工作致力于保护和推广美国国家公园和其他自然地质区。
10. 丹妮尔·詹金斯（Danielle Jeitler）：她的研究重点是保护海洋生态系统和减少污染，其中她的贡献之一是证明了废水对海洋生物的影响。
silentspring课后习题答案
silentspring课后习题答案
《Silent Spring 课后习题答案》
在Rachel Carson的经典著作《Silent Spring》中，她揭露了农药对环境和人类
健康造成的严重影响。
这本书引起了人们对环境保护和可持续发展的关注，成
为了环保运动的重要里程碑。
在我们阅读完这本书后，我们不仅应该对书中提
出的问题有更深入的了解，还应该思考我们自己在环境保护方面能够做些什么。
首先，我们应该意识到农药对环境和生态系统的破坏。
农药的过度使用导致了
土壤和水源的污染，对植物和动物造成了严重伤害，甚至对人类健康产生了负
面影响。
因此，我们应该支持有机农业，减少化学农药的使用，保护生态系统
的平衡。
其次，我们应该关注食品安全和健康。
农药残留在食品中可能对人体健康造成
危害，因此我们应该选择有机食品，减少对农药残留的暴露。
此外，我们也应
该鼓励更多的人关注食品的来源和生产过程，支持健康的饮食习惯。
最后，我们应该积极参与环保活动，为保护环境和生态系统做出自己的贡献。
无论是参加环保组织的活动，还是在日常生活中减少能源消耗和垃圾产生，都
是对环境保护的重要支持。
总之，《Silent Spring》给我们带来了对环境保护的深刻思考，我们应该不仅仅
停留在阅读的层面，还应该积极行动起来，为我们的地球做出贡献。
希望我们
每个人都能成为环保事业的支持者和实践者，共同创造一个更美好的未来。
美国海洋生物学家蕾切尔·卡逊简介
美国海洋生物学家蕾切尔·卡逊简介蕾切尔·卡逊(RachelCarson，1907年5月27日-1964年4月14日)，美国海洋生物学家，她的作品《寂静的春天》(SilentSpring)引发了美国以至于全世界的环境保护事业。
下面是小编为大家整理的美国海洋生物学家蕾切尔·卡逊简介，希望大家喜欢!蕾切尔·卡逊简介蕾切尔·卡逊出生于1907年的5月27日，她出生在一个农民家庭中。
1929年的时候，蕾切尔·卡逊从宾夕尼亚女子学院毕业，开始攻读硕士学位，并于1932年在霍普金斯大学获得了动物学硕士学位。
之后，蕾切尔·卡逊一边在伍德豪海洋生物实验室攻读博士学位，一边先后在霍普金斯大学和马里兰大学任教。
1932年的时候，蕾切尔·卡逊的父亲去世了，她的经济条件不再允许她攻读博士学位，她要回家赡养自己的母亲，便在渔业管理局做兼职和为电台专有频道广播撰写科技文章。
1936年的时候，蕾切尔·卡逊在严格的考试筛选之后，以水生生物学家的身份成为渔业管理局受聘的第二位女性。
一年之后，蕾切尔·卡逊的姐姐去世，为了抚养自己的两个外甥女，她出版了第一部著作《海风的下面》——一部描写海洋生物的著作。
蕾切尔·卡逊的一天便是在科研工作和环保问题的写作中度过的，她的《海风的下面》便是涉及了一些环保问题，但是当时的人们对于生态环境的保护并不是非常地重视，所以蕾切尔·卡逊便开始直接撰文探讨环保问题。
1948年，蕾切尔·卡逊撰写了一部关于海洋自然科学发展的专著——《我们周围的海洋》，1955年出版《海洋的边缘》，1962年出版《寂静的春天》。
正是这本《寂静的春天》，促使了环境保护事业在美国和全世界迅速发展。
蕾切尔·卡逊的作品虽然蕾切尔·卡逊是一位美国的海洋生物学家，但是在她的一生当中，撰写了很多文章。
寂静的春天权威译本
寂静的春天权威译本摘要：一、引言二、寂静的春天权威译本概述1.书名与作者2.出版背景3.影响与意义三、寂静的春天权威译本的特点1.忠实于原文2.语言优美3.深入浅出四、寂静的春天权威译本在我国的传播与影响1.环保意识的普及2.激发更多人关注环境问题3.对我国环保政策的推动五、结论正文：一、引言《寂静的春天》是一部描绘环境污染给人类带来巨大灾难的经典之作。
该书自问世以来，已被翻译成多种语言，在我国也有一个权威的译本。
本文将介绍这个译本的相关情况及其在我国的传播与影响。
二、寂静的春天权威译本概述1.书名与作者《寂静的春天》英文原名为《Silent Spring》，作者是美国生物学家瑞秋·卡森（Rachel Carson）。
该书于1962 年出版，被誉为环保运动的奠基之作。
2.出版背景20 世纪50 年代，美国正值经济高速发展时期，农药DDT 的使用带来了严重的环境污染问题。
卡森通过调查和研究，揭示了这一问题，并以此为基础撰写了《寂静的春天》。
该书一经出版，便引发了全球范围内的广泛关注。
3.影响与意义《寂静的春天》的出版对全球环保运动产生了深远的影响。
它促使人们开始关注环境问题，并促使各国政府采取行动，限制化学农药的使用，保护生态环境。
三、寂静的春天权威译本的特点1.忠实于原文权威译本在翻译过程中，力求准确、完整地传达原文的意思，让读者能够更好地理解卡森的初衷。
2.语言优美译者在翻译过程中，充分考虑了中文的表达习惯，使得译文既忠实于原文，又具有较高的文学价值。
3.深入浅出译本用通俗易懂的语言，向读者阐述了复杂的科学问题，使得广大读者都能理解书中的观点。
四、寂静的春天权威译本在我国的传播与影响1.环保意识的普及《寂静的春天》权威译本的出版，使得我国广大读者能够更好地了解环境问题的严重性，从而提高环保意识。
2.激发更多人关注环境问题该书的传播，使得越来越多的人开始关注环保问题，关心人类的生存环境。
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Part 2: Works
Her famous works:
Undersea; Under the Sea-Wind; The Sea Around Us; The Edge of the Sea; Help Your Child to Wonder; Silent Spring;
Thoughts expressed in her works:
Part 3: Impact
Public
Awareness Environmental movement DDT restrictions Controversial opinions
Part 3: Impact
1、Public Awareness You couldn’t find the phrase environmental protection in the newspapers and books published before 1960s. At that time, nature was regarded as something we can conquer. People just cared about the advantages of technology, but ignored the poison produced by industry. The result…
Part 3: Impact
Part 3: Impact
1、Public Awareness Silent spring is a challenge against the conventional concept. After it was published, the public feels panic. More and more people began to participate in environmental movement.
Part 1: Life
1960:
Had a surgery for breast cancer
1962:
Published her most well-known book The Silent Spring After the book was published, her health condition became worse and worse.
1. 2. 3.
The control of nature is a phrase conceived in arrogance （自欺欺人）. Sharing our earth with other creatures there runs a constant theme. The current vogue(潮流） for poisons has failed utterly to take into account the most fundamental considerations.
Part 3: Impact
3、Environmental movement
CBS made a special program for silent spring. President Kennedy discuss this book in parliament. 1962：Many laws were made to restrict the use of DDT. 1967: Environmental Defense was established. 1970:U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(EPA) was established. To “repair the polluted environment, set up new rules, guide American people to create a cleaner environment ” 1972:DDT was banned.
Part 1: Life
1941: Published her first book Under the Sea-wind 1951: Published her academic work The Sea Around Us, a bestseller itself 1952：Resigned and became a professional writer. Adopted her niece’s son and moved to a village in Maryland. An administrator of bird reserve in Massachusetts wrote to her and told her that DDT made the birds endangered, which finally drove her to write a book about the harm of pesticide. 1957：began to collect data and prepared for writing.
——a brave and far-sighted lady
Part 1: Life Part 2: Works Part 3: Impact
Part 1: Life
1907 May 27: Born in Springdale, Pennsylvania.
1925 -1932: First majored in science in Pennsylvania College for Women; graduated with a master's degree in Animal Science at Johns Hopkins University; studied marine biology in Woods Hole marine biological laboratory
Thank you .
1964:
Died of breast cancer in Silver Spring, Maryland, at age 56 A great writer, scientist, ecologist, environmentalist, marine biologist
1907-19sial opinions
Negative
: The pesticide manufacturer: The restriction of pesticide will cause the overflow of insects, doing harm to the grain and leading to hunger. Carson was condemned:“She worries about a cat’s death, but doesn’t care about the fact that ten thousand people die of hunger and malnutrition(营养不良) everyday.” She even had to face with personal attack（人 身攻击）.
1932-1939: Worked for Bureau of Fisheries Did scientific research in the daytime and wrote articles about environmental protection at night. She began to realize the environmental protection at that time.
Part 2: Works
A brief introduction of Silent Spring: A thriving town
The overuse of chemical pesticide
A barren wasteland It’s like a fiction, but not just a fiction. It’s about the terrible fact.
Part 3: Impact
2、 Controversial opinions
Positive: It
is the book that leads to a revolution of environmental protection. It is a book that change the society and where we live. The vice president Gore：It’s a monument which provides unanswerable evidence for the fact that the power of thought is more powerful than the power of politician.