2017--2018学年人教版必修五Unit 1 great scientists Using language课时作业 (1)

Unit 1 great scientists Using language课时作业Ⅰ.阅读理解AAlbert Einstein was probably the most famous scientist of the twentieth century. He changed scientific thinking in the modern world. He was generally considered as the greatest physicist who ever lived. What's more, he devoted a lot of his time and energy to working for human rights and progress.In 1933, while Einstein was visiting England and the United States, the Nazigovernment of Germany took all his things away, including his position and his citizenship. Einstein then settled down in the United States. In 1934, Einstein, who loved peace — afraid of a world in which only Hitler would have an atomic bomb(原子弹) — tried hard to persuade President Franklin D．Roosevelt in a famous letter to have the United States start uranium (铀) research. That Germany, after all, had no bomb, and that the first bomb would fall on Japan, could not have been expected. After the war, Einstein never stopped working for peace and reducing the number of soldiers in the world.Although he wasn't connected with any accepted religion (宗教), Einstein felt that trusting in a personal God was too special an idea to be suitable to the God at work in this universe, but he never believed that the universe was one of chance or disorder. The universe to him was one of pure law and order. He once said, “God ma y know everything, but he is not hateful.”语篇解读：本文主要介绍了在第二次世界大战期间爱因斯坦的情况。

1．From the passage we know that ________.A．no scientist is as great as Albert Einstein during this centuryB．Albert Einstein was likely to be the greatest scientist of his timeC．Albert Einstein made the first atomic bomb for the United StatesD．Albert Einstein gave up his German citizenship for political reasons解析：选B细节理解题。

从第一段的第一句“Albert Einstein was probabl y the most famous scientist of the twentieth century.”可知答案为B。

2．If Einstein had known that Hitler had no atomic bomb and that the first atomic bomb would fall on Japan, he would ________.A．have continued his scientific researchB．have won another Nobel Prize for PhysicsC．not have advised starting uranium research in the USAD．not have moved to the USA解析：选C推理判断题。

从第二段中的“That Germany, after all, had no bomb, and that the first bomb wou ld fall on Japan, could not have been expected.”和文章中提到的爱因斯坦是热爱和平、反对战争的可推知，如果能料到的话，他就不会建议美国进行铀的研究了。

故选C。

3．Einstein ________ in 1933.A．visited England and the USAB．advised the United States to start uranium researchC．became a man without citizenshipD．both A and C解析：选D细节理解题。

从第二段中的“In 1933, while Einstein was visiting England and the United States, the Nazi government of Germany took all his things away, including his position and his citizenship.”可得出A 项和C项表述的内容都正确。

故选D。

4．Einstein believed that everything in the universe ________.A．was kept in order by its own lawB．had nothing to do with each otherC．happened in an irregular wayD．was made by the personal God解析：选A细节理解题。

从最后一段的“but he never believed that the universe was one of chance or disorder”和“The universe to him was one of pure law and order.”可得出答案为A。

BSir John Gurdon, a British scientist, who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2012, said he had predicted at the time of his frog experiments that the successful cloning of a mammal would happen within 50 years, and that “maybe the same answer is appropriate” for the step to human cloning. Parents who lose children in accidents ma y be able to clone “copies” to replace them then.Although any attempt to clone an entire human would raise complex moral issues, the biologist claimed people would soon overcome their concerns if the technique became medically useful. Cloning was regarded with extreme doubts when it was first developed but became widely accepted after the birth of Louise Brown, the first “test­tube baby”. He said, “When my first frog experiments were done, an American reporter asked how long it would be before these things could be done in mammals or humans. I said, ‘Well, it could be anytime between 10 years and 100 years —how about 50 years？’ It turned out that it wasn't far off the mark as far as Dolly was concerned. Maybe the same an swer is appropriate.” Sir John added that cloning a human being effectively means making an identical twin, and doctors would therefore simply be “copying what nature has already produced”．The average vote on allowing parents of deceased children, who are no longer fertile (能生育的), to create another by using the mother's eggs and skin cells from the first child, thinking the technique was safe and effective, is 60 percent in favor. The reasons for “no” are usually that t he new children would feel they are some sort of replacements for something.语篇解读：诺贝尔生理学或医学奖得主、英国科学家约翰·格登爵士称，那些在事故中失去子女的父母将能在未来50年内借助克隆技术，让他们的子女得到“重生”。