高一英语人教版必修四第三单元语法讲解+答案

Book4 Unit3 A taste of English humour

语法：v–ing 形式作表语，定语和补足语

Step1：Lead-in 寻规找矩：请找出下面句子中的v–ing form. 并说出分别充当什么成分。1.Mr. Smith’s hobby is walking in the morning, and he knows, walking in the mornings is a good habit for an old man.

2.There is a problem facing Mr. Smith. He is old, so he has to use his walking stick when he takes a walk around his house.

3.There is a good swimming pool near his house. When he was young he likes swimming and fishing there.

4.He found many people visiting the place so early.

5.His wife is good at cooking. Today, he found her cooking at the kitchen, so he took out his own drinking cup, waiting for his breakfast.

6.It was a small book explaining how to cut the death rate from having and caring babies.

Step2: ing 形式(动名词和现在分词)作表语

1.–ing 动名词形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身份、或情况。(动名词作表语，主语和表语位置通常可以互换)

如：Her hobby is painting. 她的业余爱好是画画。

My job is looking after the children. 我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。

2.ing 分词形式做表语时具有形容词的作用，用来描述主语的性质或特征以及所处的状态。如：His concern for his mother is most touching.他对母亲的关爱很感人。

（注：Ving 令人…的Ved 自己感到…的）

1)The news sounds____ _(encourage) and the audience got ___ _.(excite)

2)Her job is ___ _.(照看所有的孩子)

Step3: ing 形式(动名词和现在分词)作定语

1.动名词通常只能位于所修饰的名词前，表示名词的用途或功能，被修饰的名词与动名词没有逻辑上的主谓关系；相当于定从“which is/are + for+动名词”如：

building materials = materials which are for building swimming pool= pool which is for swimming 【合作探究】：try translating the following phrases：

藏身之所__ _ 手术室___ _ 教学楼_

拐杖 _____ 阅览室___ 写字台___

2.现在分词表示名词的状态或动作；与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有主动关系；相当于定从“that is(was) doing/ that do(does) sth.中（关系代词+be）的省略。单个的现在分词作定语，常置于被修饰的名词的前面；现在分词短语作定语，须置于被修饰名词的后面。

1)They lived in a room that faces the street. = They lived in a room __ the street.

2)Anybody who swims in the river will be fined. = Anybody____ _in the river will be fined.

3)I have a best friend who is called Tom. = I have a best friend ___ Tom.

4)All the windows that were broken have been repaired=All the _____ windows have been repaired.

5)The English that was spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English that is spoken today. =

The English ____ _in England between about AD 450 and 1150 was very different from the English ___ ___ today.

6)The meeting that is being held now is important. = The meeting __ now is important.

7)T he question which is to be discussed at tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one. =

The question ____ at tomorrow’s meeting is a very important one.

8)H enry can’t attend the party_____ _(hold)at Tom’s house at present because he is preparing the speech at the party___ (hold)at Marie’s house tomorrow.

3.v-ing 形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.

= His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.

1)Rewrite the following with attributive clauses.

a swimming girl___ _ a sleeping boy___ _

a swimming pool_ a sleeping car___ _

a waiting room __ _ a drinking girl ___ _

a waiting man ____ drinking water ___

①The teacher who teaches us English is Mr. Li.= The teacher ___ is Mr. Li.

②The expert who comes from Russia is a lady.= The expert ___ ________________ i s a lady.

③The apple tree, which was swinging gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.

The apple tree,___ _____________________________ , had a good crop of fruit.

2)Translation

沸水__ _(白开水_) 飘零的树叶____ _(落叶_________ )

正在升起的太阳__ (已经升起的太阳___________ )

变化中的世界__ _ 鼓舞人心的演讲__

Step4:-ing 形式作补足语（动名词不能做宾补）

1.动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。如:

1)Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin, bumping into someone else round a corner, or falling down a hole in the road?

2)I won’t have you doing that. 3)This set me thinking. 4)I can’t get the clock going again. 5)You won’t catch me doing that again.

2.当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing 形式便转换为主语补足语。Translate the following into passive voice

1)The boss kept the workers working the whole night ____

2)They found him singing in the next room.__

3)*The Internet can keep me informed of what' s happening at home and abroad

__

4)They found the result very satisfying. ____ _

3.能用-ing 形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:

A.表示感觉和心理状态的词。如see/watch/notice/observe/ hear/listen to; feel; find

1)I heard the couple next door _ ____________ the whole night.(quarrel)

2)The girl turned around and found a stranger __ ______________ o n her. (spy)

3)*I felt my heart ___ wildly t he first time I stood on the stage.(beat)

4)What surprised me most was to see many people __ ______________ on the benches . (seat / sit)

B.表示“指, 使”等意义的词。如make, have, start, get, keep, leave, catch

5)I am sorry to keep you __ . (wait) 我很抱歉让你久等了。

6)*Some students even forget to turn off the tap after using it and leave water ____ (run) all the time.

7)In order to finish it, he had the workers ____ _. (work) 他让工人们日夜工作。

4.with 的复合结构。with + n./ pron. +doing

1)With time ____ , he grew old gradually. (go) 随着时间流逝，他逐渐老去。

2)With the guide ___ (lead), we found her home.有导游带路，我们找到了她的家。