[外语类试卷]大学英语六级(2013年12月考试改革适用)模拟试卷155.doc

[外语类试卷]大学英语六级（2013年12月考试改革适用）模拟试卷155一、Part I Writing1 For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on direct and indirect experience by referring to the saying "You'll learn more about a road by traveling it than by consulting all the maps in the world." You can give examples to illustrate your point and then explain how you can get more direct experience. You should write at least<u>150</u> words but no more than <u>200</u> words.Section A（A）She is not a very famous actress.（B）She is not very much tempted by big money.（C）She has no idea of how to make advertisements.（D）She is not so fortunate as other actresses.（A）He does not have a good hearing.（B）He has been driving madly for a year.（C）He never takes what she says seriously.（D）He is always impatient with her.（A）She is worried about the errors made.（B）She has been doing things in a correct way.（C）She needs someone to lend her a hand.（D）She is still searching for directions.（A）The woman should apply for the advertised job.（B）The woman can help him with his work in the next two weeks. （C）He is the right person to help her to post an ad.（D）He can find a better paying job for the woman.（A）She is stubborn.（B）She is lonely.（C）She is not easy-going.（D）She is hopeless.（A）Today's seminar was too badly scheduled.（B）Both speakers are enthusiastic about the seminars.（C）Next week's seminar is on a different topic.（D）There will be two seminars in the next week.（A）It's dull.（B）It's exciting.（C）It's simple.（D）It's complicated.（A）$2.75.（B）$1.25.（C）$1.50.（D）$3.9.（A）At the end of March.（B）In the middle of April.（C）At the beginning of May.（D）At the end of May.（A）She wants to book some plane tickets.（B）Her assistant needs to buy some books for them. （C）She needs to find a good hotel for the delegation. （D）Her assistant needs to arrange the accommodation. （A）He received a call from the delegation.（B）He discussed with the Poland delegation.（C）He knew it through the contract they signed.（D）He received an E-mail this morning and knew it. （A）A tour around the city.（B）A cruise along the river.（C）A visit around the campus.（D）Discussion and some seminars.（A）She found she wasn't registered in Chemistry 302A.（B）She found she was registered in Chemistry 302B. （C）She was unsure which class she had registered. （D）She wasn't registered in Chemistry 302B.（A）Show the add/drop form to Professor Smith. （B）Go on attending Professor Smith's class.（C）Come to the registration office with the form. （D）Sort out the problem all by herself.（A）She is worried she can't attend the course.（B）She is worried she has to change professor. （C）She is worried she might not be able to graduate. （D）She is worried she might fall behind in the course. Section B（A）Women would like to stay at home.（B）People were more friendly.（C）Students paid for their board.（D）Immigration was encouraged.（A）There are too many of them.（B）They have a bad reputation.（C）They don't pay taxes.（D）They are not cooperative.（A）Paying the families who volunteer.（B）Appealing to all sorts of families.（C）Giving compulsory orders to young couples.（D）Arranging homemakers for those families.（A）Trouble.（B）Youthful feeling.（C）Companionship.（D）Pressure.（A）Growing number of people making calls over the Internet. （B）Increasing cost due to lack of technology progress.（C）Customers' appealing of cutting the price of long distance call. （D）Intense competition among the existing phone companies. （A）Integrating software with traditional telephone.（B）Combination of computer and telephone.（C）Software application with Internet connection.（D）Connecting microphones with the computers.（A）It undermines the pricing system.（B）It triggers a price-cutting.（C）It needs to be further researched.（D）It breaks down the telephone traffic.（A）A water current struck his ship violently.（B）A wave carried his ship far away.（C）Great noise came down from the sky.（D）Rough storms suddenly occurred.（A）Kidnap by aliens.（B）Kidnap by ghosts.（C）Attack from sea creatures.（D）Transportation to other times and places.（A）Fast currents sweep away the wreckage caused by terrible weather.（B）The magnetic power draw them down to the ocean bottom.（C）Some planes or ships lose contact with their remote controllers.（D）Icebergs destroyed the passing vehicles and enclosed them.Section C26 All our dreams have something to do with our feelings, fears, longings, wishes, needs and memories. If a person is hungry, or tired, or cold, his dreams may【B1】______ a feeling of this kind. If the covers on your body, such as a blanket, have【B2】______ your bed, you may dream that you are sleeping on ice or in snow. The【B3】______ for the dream you will have tonight is likely to come from the experiences you have today.So the subject of your dream usually comes from something that has effect on you while you are sleeping and it may also use your past experiences and the wishes and the interests you have now. This is why very young children【B4】______dream of fairies, older children of school examinations, hungry people of food,【B5】______ soldiers of their families.To show you how that is happening while you are asleep and how your wishes or needs can all be 【B6】______ in a dream, here is the story of an experiment. A man was asleep and the back of his hand was rubbed with absorbent cotton. He would dream that he was in a hospital and his 【B7】______ girlfriend was visiting him, sitting on the bed and feeling his hand softly! There are some scientists who have made a special study of why we dream, what we dream, and what those dreams mean. Their【B8】______ of dreams, though a bit reasonable, is not accepted by everyone, but it offers an interesting way of【B9】______ the problem. They believe that dreams are【B10】______ expressions of wishes that did not come true.27 【B1】28 【B2】29 【B3】30 【B4】31 【B5】32 【B6】33 【B7】34 【B8】35 【B9】36 【B10】Section A36 Teachers need to be aware of the emotional, intellectual, and physical changes that young adults experience. And they also need to give serious thought to how they can best 【C1】______such changes. Growing bodies need movement and【C2】______, but not just in ways that emphasize competition. Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual and emotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence that comes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are【C3】______by others. However, the【C4】______teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student-written book reviews,【C5】______student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs. A variety of small clubs can provide【C6】______opportunities for leadership, as well as for practice in successful group【C7】______. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the security of some kind of organization with a supportive adult【C8】______visible in the background.In these activities, it is important to remember that young teens have short attention spans. A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling【C9】______and without letting the other participants down. This does not mean that adults must accept irresponsibility. On the contrary, they can help students acquire a sense of【C10】______by planning for roles that are within their capabilities and their attention spans and by having clearly stated rules.A)dynamics B)multiple C)guidance D)typicalE)displaying F)rarely G)exercise H)guiltyI)admired J)nutrition K)commitment L)surplusM)accommodate N)barely O)claimed37 【C1】38 【C2】39 【C3】40 【C4】41 【C5】42 【C6】43 【C7】44 【C8】45 【C9】46 【C10】Section B46 Eating Our Young[A]At Feltonville School of Arts and Sciences, a middle school in a poor neighborhoodof Philadelphia, the school year began chaotically as budget cuts took effect. With the cuts meaning no school nurse or counselor, teachers fill the gaps, disrupting lessons to help students in distress. And the problems are not small: A boy was stabbed in the head with a pencil by a fellow student; a girl reported sexual assault by an uncle; another refused to speak after the brutal murder of a parent. And that was just the start of the school year. To make matters worse, budget cuts are hurting essential academic programs.[B]Across the United States, whether it's schools, food stamps, health care or entry-level jobs, the young are feeling the force of government cutbacks. This year, the young and vulnerable especially have been hit hard through automatic federal spending cuts to programs like Head Start, nutrition assistance, and child welfare. Financial crises in cities like Philadelphia and Detroit have meant another wave of school budget cutbacks. And the weak job market is hurting the youngest workers most, with youth unemployment more than double the national jobless rate.[C]This is not just an American problem. In Europe, too, rigid budgets are squeezing even basic education and health needs. As governments strain to cover budget shortfalls and appease(缓解)debt fears, the young are losing out. "We're underinvesting in our children," said Julia Isaacs, a senior fellow at the Urban Institute and a child policy expert. "Looking at future budget trends and the fact that Congress doesn't want to raise taxes, I can see children's programs continuing to be squeezed."[D]That has implications for long-term economic growth. Cutting back on the young is like eating the seed corn: satisfying a momentary need but leaving no way to grow a prosperous future.[E]Is America overspending on its young? Public spending in the U.S. on children came to $12,164 per child in 2008, in current dollars, according to Kids' Share, an annual reportpublished by the Urban Institute. Of that total, about a third came from the federal government and two thirds from state and local governments. Compare that to what we spend on the elderly, which primarily comes from the federal government. According to the Urban Institute, public spending on the elderly, in current dollars, was $27,117 per person in 2008, more than double the spending on children.[F]The trend is the same across the developed world. Julia Lynch, a political science professor at the UDiversity of Pennsylvania, studied 20 countries in the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development between 1985 and 2000 and found each spent more public funds on the elderly than on the young. But there were large differences among them. She found the most youth-oriented welfare states were the Netherlands, Canada, Australia, and in Scandinavia, while the most elderly-oriented were Japan, Italy, Greece, the U.S., Spain, and Austria. Somewhere in the middle were Germany, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, and Portugal.[G]Since the 1960s, federal spending on kids in the U.S. had been rising. That trend ended in 2011, when it dropped by $2 billion to $377 billion. A year later the figure plunged even more—by $28 billion. And spending on kids is planned to shrink further over the next decade. The Urban Institute has forecast that federal spending on kids will decrease from 10 percent of the federal budget today to 8 percent by 2023. That decline will occur even as federal spending is expected to increase by $1 trillion over the same period.[H]So, what is the federal government spending on? The budget can be roughly dividedin the following way: 41 percent goes to the elderly and disabled portions of Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid; 20 percent to defense; 10 percent to children; 6 percent to interest payments on the debt; and 23 percent to all other government functions. So if spending on kids does fall to 8 percent of the federal budget, and if interest payments rise along with higher interest rates over the same period, the federal government soon will be spending more on interest payments on the debt than on children.[I]What's driving government cutbacks? Much can be tied to fears of rising national debt. Paradoxically, advocates of debt reduction claim they are acting in the interest of the young; our debts seem be too heavy for the next generation. But in a supercompetitive global economy, nations investing today in the well-being and education of the young are writing the success stories of tomorrow.[J]Of course, the U.S. is investing in education. Roughly 65 percent of all public spending on kids is on education, and that's done primarily through state and local governments. But whether it's early childhood education, elementary, middle, or high schools, or universities and colleges, fewer resources are going into public education. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the number of teachers employed in kindergarten through year 12th grade, principals, superintendents and support staff, fell 2 percent between 2009 and 2011 while enrollment was steady.[K]The trend of putting fewer resources into public education is even more striking at the college level. Take the University of California for example: The average annual student charges for resident undergraduates have increased 275 percent in inflation-adjusted dollars since 1990 to 1991, while the university's average per-student expenditures have decreased 25 percent in inflation-adjusted dollars over the same period. So as California students pay much more for their education than their parents did, they're getting less. [L]Throughout the current downturn, unemployment has tailed the workforce. The hardest hit has been the young. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, unemployment for 16-to-24-year-olds in July was 16.3 percent. That compares with our national jobless rate of 7.3 percent. And there are also large numbers of the young who are underemployed. Gallup recently found that only 43.6 percent of Americans between the ages of 18 to 29 had a full-time job in June 2013.[M]High youth unemployment has implications for future earnings power. Economists who study the labor market have found that people who graduate from school without a job are likely to have lower wages in their career.[N]Even when the young land a job, investment in young workers isn't what it used to be. Training and education used to be part of any full-time job. Now, while global companies like Google advertise staff training, they tend to be the exception. Most companies have cut back over the years as corporate budgets are reduced and companies believe they can buy talent rather than grow it.[O]Whether because of government cutbacks or falling business investment, the young are facing tougher prospects than did their parents. And that raises irritating questions about the future. Starting with the youngest, without solid nutrition and basic health care, children can't become engaged and active students. Without resources to teach and a secure support system, public schools can't turn out educated, smart kids. With the costs of college rising beyond the reach of many, large groups are being left behind. And with entry-level jobs and training scarcer than ever, the human capital necessary to grow America's huge economy isn't being developed. The burden on today's young to support an aging society will grow—even as the resources they are provided don't.47 Not only America but also European countries are experiencing the budget-cutting trend.48 The federal spending on the young has been decreasing since 2011.49 Nowadays, many companies spend less on staff training because of corporate budget reduction and their belief that talent can be bought.50 Federal spending approximately consists of five principle parts and forty-one percent of it goes to the elderly and the disabled.51 A research indicated that countries like Netherlands spent more public funds on the young while countries like the U.S. spent more on the elderly.52 Fears of increasing national debt contribute to government cutbacks.53 Data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics show that the jobless rate for the young in July is much higher than the national unemployment rate.54 University students have to bear more charges for their education while gaining less.55 Unemployment has a negative impact on the future earnings power and it is said that jobless graduates tend to earn less in their career.56 The budget cuts have already caused a series of problems to a school in Philadelphia at the start of the school year.Section C56 Children who live near a main road are in greater danger of catching pneumonia(肺炎)because pollution from passing traffic damages their lungs. A leading expert in childhood breathing difficulties has made the link between exposure to particles from vehicle exhausts and a child's susceptibility to the chest infection, which can be fatal.Professor Jonathan Grigg, an honorary consultant at the Royal London Hospital and academic paediatrician(儿科医生)at Queen Mary, University of London, made the breakthrough after studying the effect of airborne pollutants on human lung cells. Children whose home is within 100 metres of a main road could be as much as 65% more likely than others to develop pneumonia, he said.Although the disease is usually associated with the elderly, it is a significant childhood illness. Every year about 20,000 children and young people under 18 end up in hospital after contracting the condition. Children under 12 months are the most likely to die. Of the 76 young people under 20 who died in 2008, 29 had not reached their first birthday—20 boys and nine girls—and 23 others were between one and four."The findings strongly suggest that particles pollution is a major factor in making children vulnerable to pneumonia. We've shown a very firm link between the two. The study raises strong suspicions that particles cause pneumonia in children," said Grigg. "This is significant because pneumonia causes many admissions of previously healthy children to hospital." Some children with the disease spend several weeks in intensive care.Previous studies have blamed proximity to a main road for children having higher rates of asthma, coughs, ear, nose and throat infections.A study this month by the Boston-based Health Effects Institute claimed that poisonous emissions from vehicles can speed up hardening of blood vessels, as well as worsening lung function."Strong evidence" suggested that being exposed to traffic fumes can lead to variations in heart rate and other potentially fatal heart complaints, the study said.Exposure to the burning of wood or coal, or to tobacco smoke, can also increase a child's chances of pneumonia. One study found that secondhand smoke was to blame for 28.7% of all children under five in Vietnam who were admitted to hospital with the condition.Professor Steve Field, chairman of the Royal College of GPs, said: "We have known for some time that pollution causes chest problems, such as asthma, in both children and adults. This new research adds to the weight of evidence about the problems of air pollution, especially from cars, buses and lorries."The research underlined the need for Britain to move towards greener forms of transport in order to protect public health from traffic fumes, he suggested.57 What is taken as fatal by Professor Jonathan Grigg?（A）Exposure to vehicle exhausts.（B）Airborne pollutants.（C）Breathing difficulty.（D）Pneumonia.58 According to the passage, the idea that particles pollution causes pneumonia in children ______（A）is not fully confirmed（B）is theoretically proven（C）is quite impossible（D）is absolutely definite59 The link between car exhausts and heart disease was revealed______.（A）by an unknown research team（B）by the Health Effects Institute（C）in the study conducted in Vietnam（D）in Professor Jonathan Grigg's study60 Professor Steve Field thinks that Jonathan Grigg's research______.（A）helps convince people of the problems of air pollution（B）helps draw common concern to the problems of air pollution（C）provides new insights into how to treat pneumonia in children（D）explains the cause of pneumonia in children from a new perspective61 Which of the following is most probably suggested by Steve Field to solve the problems of air pollution?（A）Public transport should be promoted.（B）People should move away from main roads.（C）Transport should take the environment into account.（D）People should be aware of the significance of public health.61 Forget the widely unloved redesign. Facebook has committed a greater offense. According to a new study by doctoral candidate Aryn Karpinski of Ohio State University and her co-author Adam Duberstein of Ohio Dominican University, college students who use the 200 million-member social network have significantly lower grade-point averages(GPAs)than those who do not.The study surveyed 219 undergraduate and graduate students and found that GPAs of Facebook users typically ranged a full grade point lower than those of nonusers—3.0 to 3.5 for users versus 3.5 to 4.0 for their non-networking peers. It also found that 79% of Facebook members did not believe there was any link between their GPA and their networking habits.Karpinski says she isn't surprised by her findings but clarifies that the study does not suggest that Facebook directly causes lower grades, merely that there's some relationship between the two factors. "Maybe Facebook users are just prone to distraction," said Karpinski.John Kamin, a student at Hofstra University in New York who uses Facebook, says it's "absurd" to associate the social network with poor grades. "It's a networking tool for people," says Kamin, who adds that he spends about an hour a day on Facebook, far less time than he spends playing the addictive game Brick Breaker on his BlackBerry—there's that question of users' distractibility. But, Kamin says, "I don't think someone is more or less intelligent because they sign up for it."Karpinski and Duberstein's study isn't the first to associate Facebook with diminished mental abilities. In February, Oxford University neuroscientist Susan Greenfield cautioned Britain's House of Lords that social networks like Facebook and Bebo were "infantilizing(使幼儿化)the brain into the state of small children" by shortening the attention span and providing constant instant excitement. And in his new book, iBrain: Surviving the Technological Alteration of the Modern Mind, UCLA neuroscientist Gary Small warns of a decreased ability among devotees of social networks and other modern technology to read real-life facial expressions and understand the emotional context of subtle gestures. Young people are particularly at risk for these problems, he writes, because "young minds tend to be the most sensitive, as well as the most exposed, to digital technology."Some experts dismiss all studies of Internet use as flawed, since there is no reasonable way to control the countless variables that may affect such research. For its part, Facebook declined to address the specific findings of the new study but issued a statement on Monday, April 13, saying that Facebook isn't the only diversion around; TV and video games can be just as distracting as online social networks. The company also pointed to a study released earlier this month by researchers at the University of Melbourne showing that personal Internet use at work can help focus workers' concentration and increase productivity.62 Karpinski and Duberstein find that ______.（A）Facebook users are inclined to be distracted（B）Facebook users get lower GPAs than non-users（C）distraction is the major cause of students' low GPAs（D）students' low GPAs are resulted from Facebook using63 What does John Kamin think about the idea that Facebook is a distraction?（A）He admits it.（B）He denies it.（C）He is doubtful.（D）He is uncertain.64 Susan Greenfield points out that social networks like Facebook and Bebo are ______. （A）meaningless（B）unoriginal（C）abstractive（D）addictive65 Gary Small is most likely to agree that social networks result in the users' ______. （A）inability to communicate in real-life（B）over-sensitivity to digital technology（C）lower GPAs than nonusers（D）diminished mental ability66 What do the "experts" do with the studies of Internet use, as is mentioned in the last paragraph?（A）They decide to give up doing such studies.（B）They take it meaningless to study Internet use.（C）They don't think any such studies are perfect.（D）They don't want their studies to be interfered with.二、Part Ⅳ Translation67 近来中国的许多城市被<u>灰霾</u>(smog)笼罩，这种灰霾天气导致了交通<u>瘫痪</u>(cripple)、航班延迟及其他许多问题。