英语六级真题及答案(第三套)
2020年12月英语六级真题及答案-第3套(完整版)
2020年12月英语六级真题及答案-第3套3全卷完 1、相信自己吧！坚持就是胜利！祝考试顺利，榜上有名！ 2、愿全国所有的考生都能以平常的心态参加考试，发挥自己的水平，考上理想的学校。
我真心地祝福你们。
3、试纸浸墨香，金笔下千言。
思虑心平定，谨慎落笔闲。
且喜平常度，切忌神慌乱。
畅游题海后，金榜题君名。
考试在即，祝你成功。
4、亲爱的同学，期末考试来了，愿你们考出好成绩，考到自己理想的成绩。
5、努力吧！不管结果怎样，经历过，总会有结果的！期中考试的朋友们，为你们祝福，也为自己祈祷！愿梦开始的地方，也是梦想实现的地方！嗯嗯，加油，嗯，加油！ 6、相信你们一定会有很多想说却未言的话，总之走过了，哭过了，笑过了，就不会有遗憾！带上我们的祝福去打造另外一片属于自己的天空吧！ 7、祝愿天下所有考生开心度过期中考试。
祝福你们旗开得胜，取得美好佳绩。
平心对待，你们是最棒的！仁慈的上帝会祝福你们的，相信自己，一定能行！ 8、眼看考试就要来了，向前看，相信自己，我会在远方为你送去最真挚的祝福，付出就会有收获的！ 1、高考了，祝愿你频施妙笔，作下妙句佳篇；频露锋芒，谱就千古绝唱；频施才智，成就考卷佳绩；频放异彩，展现才子风采。
祝愿你高考顺利，一顺百顺！ 2、高考日到了，愿你一帆风顺、二话不说、三阳开泰、四平八稳、五福临门、六六大顺、七星高照、八面威风、九转功成。
祝高考顺顺利利、金榜题名。
3、同学，我们一起经历了辛苦的高三，最后的高中生活快结束了，考试到了，祝你飞跃！ 4、亲爱的朋友，平和一下自己的心态，控制自己的情绪，以平常心态应考，考完一门忘一门，让自己尽量放松，好好休息。
希望你一举高中喔！ 5、手机铃响，那是问候；手机唱歌，那是祝福；手机震动，那一定是我握住了你的手。
专八考试成功！我的朋友。
6、知道你正在经历人生中的一次重要挑战，或许你有焦虑、有恐惧，也有激动，但想说，请不要忘记身边所有关爱着你的人，们是你坚强的后盾。
2022年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(第3套)
Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence “ With the application of information technology in education, college students can now learn in more diverse and e f icient ways.” You can make statements, give reasons, or cite examples to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 wordsPart Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)特殊说明：由于多题多卷，官方第三套真题的听力试题与第二套真题的一致，只是选项顺序不同，因此，本套试卷不再提供听力部分。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word f or each blank f rom a list of choices given in a word bank f ollowing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.American colleges and universities are using 64 percent less coal than they did a decade ago, burning 700,000 tons last year, down from 2 million tons in 2008, the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) said in a report 26 yesterday.All 57 schools that were burning coal in 2008 are using less now, and 20 have 27 coal completely, EIA found.Most universities have turned to natural gas as a 28 , with state funding backing the fuel switch.While academic institutions use less than 0. 1 percent of U.S. coal burned for power, campus coal use has a history dating back to the 1800s when 29 to power was scarce.Many universities still operate their own power plants. The Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 encouraged more electricity generation by allowing institutions to sell 30 power to utilities.But EIA noted many coal-fired universities have signed onto the American College and University Presidents Climate Commitment, which was launched in 2007.About 665 schools are part of the program, which aims to 31 greenhouse gas emissions. Thirty percent of the participants have pledged to be carbon 32 within 20years.The Sierra Club’s Beyond Coal campaign, which also leads campaigns for universities to withdraw their 33 in coal and other fossil fuels, lists 22 schools that have pledged to move “beyond coal,” includi ngClemson University, Indiana University, Ohio University, Penn State University, the University of Louisville and the University of Tennessee, Knoxville.The largest coal use 34 at colleges were in Michigan, Missouri, Tennessee and Indiana. Indiana’s universities alone cut coal 35 by 81 percent between 2008 and 2015.During the same period, Michigan made an 80 percent cut and Tennessee cut back by 94 percent at state institutions.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Classical music aims to evolve, build audiences without alienating old guardA) In 1913, classical music sparked a riot in Paris. Igor Stravinsky was introducing hisrevolutionary “Rite of Spring” ballet to the world, with its discordant melodies and unorthodox choreography (编舞), and the purists in the crowd expressed their disapproval loud and clear. It might have been classical music’s version of the time Bob Dylan went electric at the Newport Folk Festival. “The noise, fighting, and shouting in the audience got so loud,” NPR’s music reporter Miles Hoffff man said of the Stravinsky debut, “that the choreographer had to shout out the numbers to the dancers so that they knew what they were supposed to do.”B) It’s difficult to imagine a similar disturbance occurring today within America’s sacredsymphony halls. In fact, it’s hard to picture any kind of disruptive activity at all (unless someone’s cell phone happens to go off and then you’d better watch your back). A mannerly aura (氛围) hangs over most classical proceedings, and many of the genre’s biggest supporters would have it no other way.C) Today, Western audiences for classical music and opera and ballet are almost always welldressed, older, respectful, achingly silent and often very wealthy (one has to be able to afford most tickets). But as many of America’s most storied “highbrow” ( 高雅的)institutions struggle financially—the Philadelphia Orchestra’s much-publicized rebound from bankruptcy is just one recent example—classical music fans and theorists are wondering how the medium can weave itself into the 21st century’s cultural fabric without sacrificing its integrity.D) For example, should we feel OK “clapping” during classical music events, even if nobodyelse is? Why shouldn’t we cheer for something great, like we do at a rock concert? The Hu f ington Post recently ran a Great Debate on this issue and many commenters came out on the side of silence. “There is no more rewarding experience in life than being part of an audience where everybody is leaning forward in silence, thoroughly carried away by a great performance of a masterpiece,”one commenter wrote. “Why is it so difficult for folks to develop an appreciation and understanding for the mannerisms and traditions of classical music?” asked another.E) The truth is that classical music audiences weren’t always so polite. Robert Greenberg, anaward-winning composer, said that when Beethoven first performed his 7th Symphony, audiences forced the orchestra to perform encores ( 重演) of certain movements immediately, applauding wildly. And in the last few decades, he said, many audiences at opera performances have abandoned pretenses, yelling “Bravo” when they feel lik e it.F) “I don’t think there’s anything wrong with an audience showing their enthusiasm for aproper moment by applauding, showing their joy,” Greenberg said, noting that the stuffiness in concert halls is “one aspect of contemporary concert etiquette”he doesn’t understand. “Instead of waiting half an hour to show enthusiasm, why not show it every eight or nine minutes?”G) Until the rules about behavior and clothing change, it’s hard to imagine multitudes ofyoung people filling concert halls on their own accord. They’re probably more likely to head to Central Park to watch a free performance with a bottle of wine and their friends.“I think anyone should be able to come into a performance dressed any way they like, and be comfortable any way they like, sitting in that seat ready to enjoy themselves,”Greenberg said. “Because it’s enjoyable.”H) Greenberg stressed that he doesn’t want people to start respecting the music less, and he’snot suggesting that we “dumb down” the experience. Rather, it’s about opening up “access.” When operas first instituted subtitles (字幕) during shows, he said, many purists didn’t like the idea, believing that the audience should instead study the works before attending. But now it’s commonplace to find titles on the seatback in front of you—choose a language, sit back, and understand what’s going on.I) Allison Vulgamore, president of the Philadelphia Orchestra, is certainly looking to thefuture. She says certain “classics concerts” dedicated to the old masters will always exist, but not every program has to feature Beethoven and Brahms—or even a stage and seats.“We’re trying to introduce different kinds of concerts in different ways,”she said. “We are an interactive society now, where people like to learn.”J) As the Philadelphia Orchestra rebounds from its financial straits, it is also aiming to experiment, without alienating the loyalists. Vulgamore pointed to Cirque de la Symphonie, a recent offering in which jugglers (玩杂耍的人) and acrobats (杂技演员) interacted with musicians. An upcoming collaboration with New York City’s RidgeTheatre, meanwhile, will feature a “suspended dance installation”and other theatrical elements occurring in conjunction with an orchestral piece.K) The orchestra also continues to offer $25 annual memberships to Philadelphia students, who can buy rush tickets to every concert on the schedule. “Students line up for the concerts they want, and we get roughly 300 or 350 kids a night coming to these. They take any of the open seats available, 5 minutes before the concert starts,” Vulgamore said. “It’s like the running of the bulls, that energy when the doors open.”L) Greenberg thinks that youthful energy needs to be harvested. Conductors don’t have to be arrogant and untouchable—they can be accessible. Perhaps there could even be a “bit of humor”about them, he suggested, and an abandoning of pretension within the high-art institutions themselves. “On one hand, these organizations are all saying the same thing: we want more general audiences, to break down cultural barriers,” he said. “But then they come up with some very snooty (目中无人的) thing that makes you crazy.”M) John Terauds, a critic who has covered Toronto’s classical music scene extensively, also wants to do away with the stuffiness. He suggested that the warmer an audience is, the better the musicians themselves will respond. “But the producer or organizer has to let everyone know it’s OK,” he said. “It’s OK to enjoy y ourself.” At the Toronto Symphony Orchestra, for example, conductor Peter Oundjian often stops between pieces, taking a moment to talk about the composer or the music in a very amiable way. And some nights, Terauds said, “at least a third”of the audience consists of students who have purchased cheaper tickets. On these nights, the energy of the room drastically shifts. It becomes a less intimidating place.N) Back in February, Terauds wrote on his blog about how going to classical performances can be intimidating. Certain people “think they have to dress up,” he wrote. “They think they have to know something about the music before they go. And, I’m sure, sitting in a seat, trembling in fear that this might be the wrong time to applaud, is also one of the factors.”O) Everyone in the classical world agrees on the need for increased “accessibility,”but achieving it is often easier said than done. Nowadays, there are unknown, unorthodox opera singers wowing (博得……的喝彩) viewers on TV programs like “America’s Got Talent”and “The Voice”. What can higher institutions do with any of that? And if they appeal to these outlets, do they risk compromising the integrity or the intelligence of the music?P) Vulgamore seems to understand this. She thinks an organization can have it both ways, claiming the new while keeping the old. And as she reorganizes the Philadelphia Orchestra, she will attempt to do just that. “The world’s most respected musicians brought together as an orchestra will always exist,” she said. “Bu t it’s essential that we be willing to experiment and fail.”36. It was not a rare occurrence that audiences behaved wildly while listening to classical music.37. Some high-art institutions don’t actually mean it when they say they want more general audiences.38. The theatre was in chaos when an unconventional ballet was first put on stage in the capital of France.39. According to one critic, the audience’s warm response would encourage the musicians to do a better job.40. Many commenters argued for the audience enjoying classical music quietly.41. What appears on the seatback screen makes it unnecessary for the audience to study the works beforehand.42. It is generally accepted that there should be no disturbance from the audience during classical music performance.43. Higher institutions will be concerned about compromising the integrity of classical music if they have to resort to the television medium.44. Heavily discounted rush tickets help attract many young students to attend classical concerts.45. The formalities of high-art theatres can intimidate some people attending a performance.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.How can one person enjoy good health, while another person looks old before her time? Humans have been asking this question for thousands of years, and recently, it’s becoming clearer and clearer to scientists that the differences between people’s rates of aging lie in the complex interactions among genes, social relationships, environments and lifestyles. Even though you were born with a particular set of genes, the way you live can influence how they express themselves. Some lifestyle factors may even turn genes on or shut them off.Deep within the genetic heart of all our cells are telomeres, or repeating segments of noncoding DNA that live at the ends of the chromosomes ( 染色体). They form caps at the ends of the chromosomes and keep the genetic material together. Shortening with each cell division, they help determine how fast a cell ages. When they become too short, the cell stops dividing altogether. This isn’t the only reason a cell can age—there are other stresses on cells we don’t yet understand very well—but short telomeres are one of the major reasons human cells grow old. We’ve devoted most of our careers to studying telomeres, and one extraordinary discovery from our labs is that telomeres can actually lengthen.Scientists have learned that several thought patterns appear to be unhealthy for telomeres, and one of them is cynical hostility. Cynical hostility is defined by high anger and frequent thoughts that other people cannot be trusted. Someone with hostility doesn’t just think, “I hate to stand in long lines” ; they think, “Others deliberately sped up and beat me to my rightful position in the line!”—and then get violently agitated. People who score high on measures of cynical hostility tend to get more heart disease, metabolic disease and often die at younger ages. They also have shorter telomeres. In a study of British civil servants, men who scoredhigh on measures of cynical hostility had shorter telomeres than men whose hostility scores were low. The most hostile men were 30% more likely to have short telomeres.What this means: aging is a dynamic process that could possibly be accelerated or slowed—and, in some aspects, even reversed. To an extent, it has surprised us and the rest of the scientific community that telomeres do not simply carry out the commands issued by your genetic code. Your telomeres are listening to you. The foods you eat, your response to challenges, the amount of exercise you get, and many other factors appear to influence your telomeres and can prevent premature aging at the cellular level. One of the keys to enjoying good health is simply doing your part to foster healthy cell renewal.46. What have scientists come to know better today?A) Why people age at different rates.B) How genes influence the aging process.C) How various genes express themselves in aging.D) Why people have long been concerned about aging.47. Why are some lifestyle factors considered extremely important?A) They may shorten the process of cell division.B) They may determine how genes function.C) They may affect the lifespan of telomeres.D) They may account for the stresses on cells.48. What have the author and his colleagues discovered about telomeres?A) Their number affects the growth of cells.B) Their length determines the quality of life.C) Their shortening process can be reversed.D) Their health impacts the division of cells.49. What have scientists learned about cynical hostility?A) It may lead to confrontational thought patterns.B) It may produce an adverse effect on telomeres.C) It may cause people to lose their temper frequently.D) It may stir up agitation among those in long lines.50. What do we learn from the last paragraph about the process of aging?A) It may vary from individual to individual.B) It challenges scientists to explore further.C) It depends on one’s genetic code.D) It may be controlled to a degree.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Scientists have created by accident an enzyme ( 酶) that breaks down plastic drinks bottles. The breakthrough could help solve the global plastic pollution crisis by enabling for the first time the full recycling of bottles.。
6月大学英语六级真题第三套完整版
Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: Suppose you are asked to give advice on whether to attendcollege at home or abroad, write an essay to state your opinion. You are required towrite at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.【参照范文】Whether to Attend College at Home or AbroadCurrently,with studying abroad gains mounting popularity among people,there is a heated debate about whether to attend college at home or abroad. Opinions onthis topic vary from person to person. Some see more benefits in studying at homewhile others claim that studying abroad is a more ideal choice as it’ s more challenging.Personally, I am a strong favorer of the latter view. Listed below are thereasons for my advice. First of all, attending college abroad provides an opportunityto broaden one’ s experience and mind. You can acquire cross-cultural experiencesand gain new perspectives on your chosen field of study. In addition,studying abroad helps you to polish your social skills; you can make friends with different peoplewith different background. Thirdly,overseas studying is conducive to the formation of an independent, autonomous and tenacious personality, which willultimately benefit the achievement of our life goals.Just as an old saying goes: “It is better to travel thousand miles than to read tenthousand books. ” Then studying abroad can not only enable us to reap in our books,but also in our trips. And this is why attending college abroad is a preferable selectionfor me.Part II Listening Comprehension说明： 2017 年 6 月大学英语六级真题全国共考了两套听力。
2023年12月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案(三套全)
2023年12月大学英语六级真题试卷及答案(三套全) 一、听力理解第一套第一节(共5小题)1. What does the woman ask the man to do?A. Turn the television off.B. Turn the volume down.C. Turn the radio on.Answer: B2. Where does the conversation most probably take place?A. At the post office.B. At the bank.C. At the hotel.Answer: C3. What does the man imply about the woman?A. She hasn’t been to New York City.B. She needs to find a new job.C. She travels a lot for work.Answer: A4. How long has the man been waiting?A. For an hour.B. For half an hour.C. For ten minutes.Answer: B5. What is the woman doing?A. She is looking for her keys.B. She is waiting for someone to arrive.C. She is talking on the phone.Answer: C第二节(共5小题)6. What is the woman asking the man to do?A. Fix her computer.B. Help her find a job.C. Visit her tomorrow.Answer: A7. What does the man offer to do next?A. Take the woman to the restaurant.B. Prepare dinner for the woman.C. Look for a restaurant on the Internet.Answer: C8. What does the man say abo ut the woman’s computer?A. It can’t be fixed.B. It needs a software update.C. It needs a new battery.Answer: B9. What does the woman suggest doing after dinner?A. Go for a walk.B. Watch a movie at home.C. Go to a movie theater.Answer: B10. How do es the woman feel about the man’s suggestion?A. Excited.B. Indifferent.C. Annoyed.Answer: A二、阅读理解第一套An important part of a child’s development is the acquisition of social skills. Social skills help children to interact effectively with others and build healthy relationships. These skills are vital for success in school, work, and life in general.One of the best ways to help children develop social skills is through play. Play allows children to practice andmaster social, emotional, and cognitive skills in a relaxed and enjoyableenvironment. Through play, children learn valuable skills such as cooperation, sharing, problem-solving, and communication.There are different types of play that help in the development of social skills. Cooperative play is when children play and work together towards a common goal. This type of play helps children to learn teamwork and collaboration. Pretend play, on the other hand, allows children to develop empathy and understanding of others’ perspectives. They learn to take on different roles and pretend to be someone else, which helps in developing their social and emotional intelligence. Board games and group activities also promote social interaction and help children learn important skills such as taking turns, following rules, and resolving conflicts in a fair manner.Parents and educators play a crucial role in promoting social skills development. They can create opportunities for play and provide guidance and support. It is important for parents to encourage their children to engage in various types of play and provide them with age-appropriate toys and games. Educators can incorporate play-based learning activities in the classroom to foster social skills development.In conclusion, play is a valuable tool for social skills development. It allows children to practice and master important skills while having fun. Parents and educators should recognize the importance of play and provide opportunities and support for children to engage in different types of play.第二套The concept of time management is essential in today’s fast-paced world. Effective time management helps individuals to prioritize tasks, handle multiple responsibilities, and increase productivity. It allows individuals to make the most out of their time and achieve their goals efficiently.Here are some tips for effective time management:1.Set goals: Identify your long-term and short-termgoals. Break them down into smaller, manageable tasks.This will help you stay focused and motivated.2.Prioritize tasks: Determine which tasks are mostimportant and urgent. Focus on completing these tasks first.3.Create a schedule: Use a planner or online calendarto schedule your tasks and activities. Set deadlines for each task to stay organized and keep track of your progress.4.Avoid multitasking: Multitasking may seem like atime-saving technique, but it can actually decreaseproductivity. Focus on one task at a time and give it yourfull attention.5.Delegate tasks: If possible, delegate tasks to others.This will free up your time and allow you to focus on more important tasks.6.Take breaks: Schedule regular breaks to rest andrecharge. This will help you maintain focus and preventburnout.7.Avoid procrastination: Procrastination can lead tounnecessary stress and missed deadlines. Break tasks into smaller, manageable parts and tackle them one at a time.8.Learn to say no: Don’t overcommit yourself. Learn tosay no to tasks that are not essential or do not align withyour goals.e technology: Take advantage of technology toolssuch as productivity apps and time tracking apps. Thesecan help you stay organized and manage your time moreeffectively.10.Review and adjust: Regularly review your scheduleand tasks. Adjust as needed to accommodate unexpectedevents or changes in priorities.By implementing these tips, you can improve your time management skills and achieve greater success in your personal and professional life.第三套The importance of physical exercise cannot be overstated. Regular exercise has numerous health benefits and plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy lifestyle.Physical exercise helps to strengthen the cardiovascular system, improve lung function, and increase muscle strength and endurance. It also promotes weight loss and helps to maintain a healthy body weight. Regular exercise reduces the risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, andcertain types of cancer. It can also improve mental health by reducing symptoms of depression and anxiety.In addition to the physical benefits, exercise is also important for cognitive function. Studies have shown that regular exercise improves memory, attention, and problem-solving skills. It can also enhance creativity and productivity.Exercise is not only beneficial for adults but also for children and adolescents. Regular physical activity in childhood and adolescence helps to develop healthy bones, muscles, and joints. It improves coordination and balance, and reduces the risk of childhood obesity. It also has a positive impact on academic performance, including improved concentration and focus.There are many different forms of exercise that individuals can choose from, including aerobic exercise, strength training, flexibility exercises, and high-intensity interval training (HIIT). It is important to find a form of exercise that you enjoy and can incorporate into your daily routine.In conclusion, regular physical exercise is essential for overall health and well-being. It has numerous physical and mental health benefits and should be a priority for individuals of all ages. Make exercise a part of your daily routine and reap the rewards of a healthy and active lifestyle.三、写作题目及答案第一套写作题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement:。
大学英语六级考试真题和答案第三套
2015年6月大学英语六级考试真题（第三套）听力同第二套Part IIISection AQuestions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Travel websites have been around since the 1990s, when Expedia, Travelocity, and other holiday booking sites were launched, allowingtravelers to compare flight and hotel prices with the click of a mouse. Withinformation no longer 36____ by travel agents or hidden in business networks,the travel industry was revolutionized, as greater transparency helped37____ prices.Today, the industry is going through a new revolution—this time transforming service quality. Online rating platforms—38____ in hotels,restaurants, apartments, and taxis—allow travelers to exchange reviews andexperiences for all to see.Hospitality businesses are now ranked, analyzed, and compared not byindustry 39____, but by the very people for whom the service is intended—thecustomer. This has 40____ a new relationship between buyer and seller.Customers have always voted with their feet; they can now explain theirdecision to anyone who is interested. As a result, businesses are much more41____, often in very specific ways, which creates powerful 42____ to improveservice.Although some readers might not care for gossipy reports of unfriendlybellboys（行李员）in Berlin or malfunctioning hotel hairdryers in Houston,the true power of online reviews lies not just in the individual stories,but in the websites' 43____ to aggregate a large volume of ratings.The impact cannot be 44____. Businesses that attract top ratings can enjoy rapid growth, as new customers are attracted by good reviews and 45____ provide yet more positive feedback. So great is theinfluence of online ratings that many companies now hire digital reputation managers to ensure aonline identity.A) accountable B) capacity C) controlled D) entailH) overstated F) incentives E) forged G) occasionallyJ) pessimistic L) slashK) professionals I) persistingN) spectators O) subsequently M) specializingSection BPlastic SurgeryA better credit card is the solution to ever larger hack attacks[A] A thin magnetic stripe (magstripe) is all that stands between your credit-card information and the bad guys.And they've been working hard to break in. That's why 2014 is shaping up as a major showdown: banks, lawenforcement and technology companies are all trying to stop a network of hackers who are succeeding instealing account numbers, names, email addresses and other crucial data used in identity theft. More than100 million accounts at Target, Neiman Marcus and Michaels stores were affected in some way during themost recent attacks, starting last November.[B] Swipe（刷卡）is the operative word: cards are increasingly vulnerable to attacks when you make purchasesin a store. In several recent incidents, hackers have been able to obtain massive information of credit-, debit-card numbers using malware, i.e. malicious software, inserted secretly into the retailers'-or prepaid（借记）．point-of-sale system—the checkout registers. Hackers then sold the data to a second group of criminalsoperating in shadowy comers of the web. Not long after, the stolen data was showing up on fake cards andbeing used for online purchases.[C] The solution could cost as little as $2 extra for every piece of plastic issued. The fix is a security technologyused heavily outside the U.S. While American credit cards use the 40-year-old magstripe technology toprocess transactions, much of the rest of the world uses smarter cards with a technology called EMV (short forEuropay, MasterCard, Visa) that employs a chip embedded in the card plus a customer PIN (personal identification number) to authenticate（验证）every transaction on the spot. If a purchaser fails to punch in thecorrect PIN at the checkout, the transaction gets rejected. (Online purchases can be made by setting up aseparate transaction code.)[D] Why haven't big banks adopted the more secure technology? When it comes to mailing out newcards, it's all about relative costs, says David Robertson, who runs the Nihon Report, an industry newsletter:The cost of the card, putting the sticker on it, coding the account number and expiration date, embossing（凸印）it, the small envelop—all put together, you are in the dollar range. A chip-and-PIN card currently costscloser to $3, says Robertson, because of the price of chips. (Once large issuers convert together, the chip costsshould drop.)[E] Multiply $3 by the more than 5 billion magstripe credit and prepaid cards in circulation in the U.S. Thenconsider that there's an estimated $12.4 billion in card fraud on a global basis' says Robertson. With 44% ofthat in the U.S., American credit-card fraud amounts to about $5.5 billion annually. Card issuers have so farcalculated that absorbing the liability for even big hacks like the Target one is still cheaper than replacing allthat plastic.[F] That leaves American retailers pretty much alone the world over in relying on magstripe technology tocharge purchases—and leaves consumers vulnerable. Each magstripe has three tracks of information, explainspayments security expert Jeremy Gumbley, the chief technology officer of CreditCall, anelectronic-paymentscompany. The first and third are used by the bank or card issuer. Your vital account information lives on thesecond track, which hackers try to capture. Malware is scanning through the memory in real time and looking潦?慤慴尬栠?慳獹???牣慥整??整瑸映汩?桴瑡朠瑥?瑳汯湥尮[G] Chip-and-PIN cards, by contrast, make fake cards or skimming impossible because the information thatgets scanned is encrypted（加密）. The historical reason the U.S. has stuck with magstripe, ironically enough, isonce superior technology. Our cheap, ultra-reliable wired networks made credit-card authentication over thephone frictionless. In France, card companies created EMV in part because the telephone monopoly was somaddeningly inefficient and expensive. The EMV solution allowed transactions to be verified locally andsecurely.[H] Some big banks, like Wells Fargo, are now offering to convert your magstripe card to achip-and-PIN model.(It's actually a hybrid（混合体）that will still have a magstripe, since most U.S. merchants don't have EMVterminals.) Should you take them up on it? If you travel internationally, the answer is yes.[I] Keep in mind, too, that credit cards typically have better liability protection than debit cards. If someoneuses your credit card fraudulently（欺诈性地）it's the issuer or merchant, not you, that takes the hit. Debitcards have different liability limits depending on the bank and the events surrounding any fraud. If it's available, the logical thing is to get a chip-and-PIN card from your bank, says Eric Adamowsky, aco-founder of. I would use credit cards over debit cards because of liability issues. Cash still workspretty well too.[J] Retailers and banks stand to benefit from the lower fraud levels of chip-and-PIN cards but have beenreluctant for years to invest in the new infrastructure（基础设施）needed for the technology, especially ifconsumers don't have access to it. It's a chicken-and-egg problem; no one wants to spend the money onupgraded point- of-sale systems that can read the chip cards if shoppers aren't carrying them一yet there'slittle point in consumers' carrying the fancy plastic if stores aren't equipped to use them. (An earlier effort byTarget to move to chip and PIN never gained progress.) According to Gumbley, there's a you-first mentality.The logjam（僵局）慨?潴戠?牢歯湥尮[K] JPMorgan Chase CEO Jamie Dimon recently expressed his willingness to do so, noting that banks andmerchants have spent the past decade suing each other over interchange fees—the percentage of the transaction price they keep-rather than deal with the growing hacking problem. Chase offers achip-enabledcard under its own brand and several others for travel-related companies such as British Airways and Ritz-Carlton.[L] The Target and Neiman hacks have also changed the cost calculation: although retailers have been reluctant to spend the $6.75 billion that Capgemini consultants estimate it will take to convert all their registers to be chip-and-PIN-compatible, the potential liability they now face is dramatically greater. Target hasbeen hit with class actions from hacked consumers. It's the ultimate nightmare, a retail executive from awell-known chain admitted to TIME.[M] The card-payment companies MasterCard and Visa are pushing hard for change. The two firms havewarned all parties in the transaction chain一merchant, network, bank一that if they don't become EMV-compliant by October 2015, the party that is least compliant will bear the fraud risk.[N] In the meantime, app-equipped smartphones and digital wallets—all of which can use EMV technology—are beginning to make inroads（侵袭）on cards and cash. PayPal, for instance, is testingan appthat lets you use your mobile phone to pay on the fly at local merchants—without surrendering any cardinformation to them. And further down the road is biometric authentication, which could be encrypted with,say, a fingerprint.[O] Credit and debit cards, though, are going to be with us for the foreseeable future, and so are hackers, if westick with magstripe technology. It seems crazy to me, says Gumbley, who is English, hat acutting-edge-technology country is depending on a 40-year-old technology. That's why it may be up to consumersto movethe needle on chip and PIN. Says Robertson: ‘‘When you get the consumer into a position of worry and湩潣癮湥敩据?琠慨?环眠敨敲琠敨爠扵敢?楨獴琠敨爠慯?46. It's best to use an EMV card for international travel. 47. Personal information on credit and debit cards is increasingly vulnerable to hacking. 48. The French card companies adopted EMV technology partly because of inefficient telephone service. 49. While many countries use the smarter EMV cards, the U.S. still clings to its old magstripe technology. 50. Attempts are being made to prevent hackers from carrying out identity theft. 51. Credit cards are much safer to use than debit cards. 52. Big banks have been reluctant to switch to more secure technology because of the higher costs involved. 53. The potential liability for retailers using magstripe is far more costly than upgrading their registers.54. The use of magstripe cards by American retailers leaves consumers exposed to the risks of losing account information. 55. Consumers will be a driving force behind the conversion from magstripe to EMV technology. 仔细阅读实际只考了两套TranslationPart IV汉朝是中国历史上最重要的朝代之一。
6级第三套试题及答案
6级第三套试题及答案一、听力理解（共30分）1. A) 5:45 p.m. B) 6:15 p.m. C) 6:45 p.m. D) 7:15 p.m.2. A) 50 dollars. B) 80 dollars. C) 100 dollars. D) 120 dollars.3. A) At a restaurant. B) At a bookstore. C) At a post office. D) At a bank....20. A) Disappointed. B) Surprised. C) Annoyed. D) Relieved.答案：1. C2. B3. A...20. D二、阅读理解（共20分）1. What is the main idea of the passage?A) The importance of sleep.B) The benefits of exercise.C) The impact of diet on health.D) The role of stress in daily life.2. According to the author, what is the best way to improve memory?A) Taking more breaks.B) Eating a balanced diet.C) Exercising regularly.D) Getting enough sleep....10. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?A) The author is optimistic about the future.B) The author is concerned about the current situation.C) The author is suggesting a new approach.D) The author is warning against a potential problem.答案：1. A2. D...10. B三、完形填空（共20分）1. A) Despite B) Although C) Because D) Since2. A) to B) for C) with D) by...20. A) however B) therefore C) moreover D) besides答案：1. B2. C...20. A四、翻译（共30分）1. 随着科技的发展，人们的生活变得越来越方便。
2024年6月大学英语六级考试真题和答案(第3套)
2024年6月大学英语六级考试真题和答案（第3套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence “Nowadays, cultivating independent learning ability is becoming increasingly crucial for personal development.” You can make comments, cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.You should copy the sentence given in quotes at the beginning of your essay.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.1. A) Read numerous comments users put online.B) Blended all his food without using a machine.C) Searched for the state-of-the-art models of blenders.D) Did thorough research on the price of kitchen appliances.2. A) Eating any blended food.B) Buying a blender herself.C) Using machines to do her cooking.D) Making soups and juices for herself.3. A) Cooking every meal creatively in the kitchen.B) Paying due attention to his personal hygiene.C) Eating breakfast punctually every morning.D) Making his own fresh fruit juice regularly.4. A) One-tenth of it is sugar.B) It looks healthy and attractive.C) One’s fancy may be tickled by it.D) It contains an assortment of nutrients.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.5. A) How he has made himself popular as the mayor of Berkton.B) How the residents will turn Berkton into a tourist attraction.C) How charming he himself considers the village of Berkton to be.D) How he has led people of Berkton to change the village radically.6. A) It was developed only to a limited extent.B) It was totally isolated as a sleepy village.C) It was relatively unknown to the outside.D) It was endowed with rare natural resources.7. A) The people in Berkton were in a harmonious atmosphere.B) The majority of residents lived in harmony with their neighbors.C) The majority of residents enjoyed cosy housing conditions.D) All the houses in Berkton looked aesthetically similar.8. A) They have helped boost the local economy.B) They have made the residents unusually proud.C) They have contributed considerably to its popularity.D) They have brought happiness to everyone in the village.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)，B)，C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) They have created the smallest remote-controlled walking robot in the world.B) They are going to publish their research findings in the journal Science Robotics.C) They are the first to build a robot that can bend, crawl, walk, turn and even jump.D) They are engaged in research on a remote-controlled robot which uses special power.10. A) It changes its shape by complex hardware.B) It is operated by a special type of tiny motor.C) It moves from one place to another by memory.D) It is powered by the elastic property of its body.11. A) Replace humans in exploratory tasks.B) Perform tasks in tightly confined spaces.C) Explore the structure of clogged arteries.D) Assist surgeons in highly complex surgery.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard.12. A) She threw up in the bathroom.B) She slept during the entire ride.C) She dozed off for a few minutes.D) She boasted of her marathon race.13. A) They are mostly immune to cognitive impairment.B) They can sleep soundly during a rough ride at sea.C) They are genetically determined to need less sleep.D) They constitute about 13 percent of the population.14. A) Whether there is a way to reach elite status.B) Whether it is possible to modify one’s genes.C) Whether having a baby impacts one’s passion.D) Whether one can train themselves to sleep less.15. A) It is in fact quite possible to nurture a passion for sleep.B) Babies can severely disrupt their parents’ sleep patterns.C) Being forced to rise early differs from being an early bird.D) New parents are forced to jump out of bed at the crack of dawn.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions. The recordings will be played only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard. 16. A) We have poor awareness of how many controversial issues are being debated.B) No one knows better than yourself what you are thinking about at the moment.C) No one can change your opinions more than those who speak in a convincing tone.D) We are likely to underestimate how much we can be swayed by a convincing article.17. A) Their belief about physical punishment changed.B) Their memory pushed them toward a current belief.C) The memory of their initial belief came back to them.D) Their experiences of physical punishment haunted them.18. A) They apparently have little to do with moderate beliefs.B) They don’t reflect the changes of view on physical punishment.C) They may not apply to changes to extreme or deeply held beliefs.D) They are unlikely to alter people’s position without more evidence.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard.19. A) American moms have been increasingly inclined to live alone.B) The American population has been on the rise in the past 25 years.C) American motherhood has actually been on the decline.D) The fertility rates in America have in fact been falling sharply.20. A) More new mothers tend to take greater care of their children.B) More new mothers are economically able to raise children.C) A larger proportion of women take pride in their children.D) A larger proportion of women really enjoy motherhood.21. A) The meaning of motherhood has changed considerably.B) More and more mothers go shopping to treat themselves.C) More mothers have adult children celebrating the holiday.D) The number of American mothers has been growing steadily.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard.22. A) Add to indoor toxic pollutants.B) Absorb poisonous chemicals.C) Beautify the home environment.D) Soak up surrounding moisture.23. A) NASA did experiments in sealed containers resembling thesuper-insulated offices of 1970s.B) It was based on experiments under conditions unlike those in most homes or offices.C) NASA conducted tests in outer space whose environment is different from ours.D) It drew its conclusion without any contrastive data from other experiments.24. A) Natural ventilation proves much more efficient for cleaning the air than house plants.B) House plants disperse chemical compounds more quickly with people moving around.C) Natural ventilation turns out to be most effective with doors and windows wide open.D) House plants in a normal environment rarely have any adverse impact on the air.25. A) The root cause for misinterpretations of scientific findings.B) The difficulty in understanding what’s actually happening.C) The steps to be taken in arriving at any conclusion with certainty.D) The necessity of continually re-examining and challenging findings.Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.A rainbow is a multi-colored, arc-shaped phenomenon that can appearin the sky. The colors of a rainbow are produced by the reflectionand____26____of light through water droplets (小滴) present in the atmosphere. An observer may____27____a rainbow to be located either near or far away, but this phenomenon is not actually located at any specific spot. Instead, the appearance of a rainbow depends entirely upon the position of the observer in____28____to the direction of light. In essence, a rainbow is an____29____illusion.Rainbows present a____30____made up of seven colors in a specific order. In fact, school children in many English-speaking countries are taught to remember the name “Roy G. Biv” as an aid for remembering the colors of a rainbow and their order. “Roy G. Biv”____31____for: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. The outer edge of the rainbow arc is red, while the inner edge is violet.A rainbow is formed when light (generally sunlight) passes through water droplets____32____in the atmosphere. The light waves change direction as they pass through the water droplets, resulting in two processes: reflection and refraction (折射). When light reflects off a water droplet, it simply____33____back in the opposite direction from where it____34____. When light refracts, it takes a different direction. Some individuals refer to refracted light as “bent light waves.” A rainbow is formed because white light enters the water droplet, where it bends in several different directions. When these bent light waves reach the other side of the water droplet, they reflect back out of the droplet instead of____35____passing through the water. Since the white light is separated inside of the water, the refracted light appears as separate colors to the human eye.A) bouncesB) completelyC) dispersionD) eccentricE) hangingF) opticalG) originatesH) perceiveI) permeatesJ) ponderK) precedingL) recklesslyM) relationN) spectrumO) standsSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with tenstatements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Blame your worthless workdays on meeting recovery syndromeA) Phyllis Hartman knows what it’s like to make one’s way through the depths of office meeting hell. Managers at one of her former human resources jobs arranged so many meetings that attendees would fall asleep at the table or intentionally arrive late. With hours of her day blocked up with unnecessary meetings, she was often forced to make up her work during overtime. “I was actually working more hours than I probably would have needed to get the work done,” says Hartman, who is founder and president of PGHR Consulting in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.B) She isn’t alone in her frustration. Between 11 million and 55 million meetings are held each day in the United States, costing most organisations between 7% and 15% of their personnel budgets. Every week, employees spend about six hours in meetings, while the average manager meets for a staggering 23 hours.C) And though experts agree that traditional meetings are essential for making certain decisions and developing strategy, some employees view them as one of the most unnecessary parts of the workday. The result is not only hundreds of billions of wasted dollars, but an annoyance of what organisational psychologists call “meeting recovery syndrome (MRS)”: time spent cooling off and regaining focus after a useless meeting. If you run to the office kitchen to get some relief with colleagues after a frustrating meeting,you’re likely experiencing meeting recovery syndrome.D) Meeting recovery syndrome is a concept that should be familiar to almost anyone who has held a formal job. It isn’t ground-breaking to say workers feel fatigued after a meeting, but only in recent decades have scientists deemed the condition worthy of further investigation. With its links to organisational efficiency and employee wellbeing, MRS has attracted the attention of psychologists aware of the need to understand its precise causes and cures.E) Today, in so far as researchers can hypothesise, MRS is most easily understood as a slow renewal of finite mental and physical resources. When an employee sits through an ineffective meeting their brain power is essentially being drained away. Meetings drain vitality if they last too long, fail to engage employees or turn into one-sided lectures. The conservation of resources theory, originally proposed in 1989 by Dr. Stevan Hobfoll, states that psychological stress occurs when a person’s resources are threatened or lost. When resources are low, a person will shift into defence to conserve their remaining supply. In the case ofoffice meetings, where some of employees’ most valuable resources are their focus, alertness and motivation, this can mean an abrupt halt in productivity as they take time to recover.F) As humans, when we transition from one task to another on the job —say from sitting in a meeting to doing normal work—it takes an effortful cognitive switch. We must detach ourselves from the previous task and expend significant mental energy to move on. If we are already drained to dangerous levels, then making the mental switch to the next thing is extra tough. It’s common to see people cyber-loafing after a frustrating meeting, going and getting coffee, interrupting a colleague and telling them about the meeting, and so on.G) Each person’s ability to recover from horrible meetings is different. Some can bounce back quickly, while others carry their fatigue until the end of the workday. Yet while no formal MRS studies are currently underway, one can loosely speculate on the length of an average employee’s lag time. Switching tasks in a non-MRS condition takes about 10 to 15 minutes. With MRS, it may take as long as 45 minutes on average. It’s even worse when a worker has several meetings that are separated by 30 minutes. “Not enough time to transition in a non-MRS situation to get anything done, and in an MRS situation, not quite enough time to recover for the next meeting,” says researcher Joseph Allen. “Then, add the compounding of back-to-back bad meetings and we may have an epidemic on our hands.”H) In an effort to combat the side effects of MRS, Allen, along with researcher Joseph Mroz and colleagues at the University of Nebraska-Omaha, published a study detailing the best ways to avoid common traps, including a concise checklist of do’s and don’ts applicable to any workplace. Drawing from around 200 papers to compile their comprehensive list, Mroz and his team may now hold a remedy to the largely undefined problem of MRS.I) Mroz says a good place to start is asking ourselves if our meetings are even necessary in the first place. If all that’s on the agenda is a quick catch-up, or some non-urgent information sharing, it may better suit the group to send around an email instead. “The second thing I would always recommend is keep the meeting as small as possible,” says Mroz. “If they don’t actually have some kind of immediate input, then they can follow up later. They don’t need to be sitting in this hour-long meeting.” Less time in meetings would ultimately lead to more employee engagement in the meetings they do attend, which experts agree is a proven remedy for MRS.J) Employees also feel taxed when they are invited together to meetings that don’t inspire participation, says Cliff Scott, professor of organisational science. It takes precious time for them to vent their emotions, complain and try to regain focus after a pointless meeting—one of the main traps of MRS. Over time as employees find themselves tied up in more and more unnecessary meetings—and thus dealing with increasing lag times from MRS—the waste of workday hours can feel insulting.K) Despite the relative scarcity of research behind the subject, Hartman has taught herself many of the same tricks suggested in Mroz’s study, and has come a long way since her days of being stuck with unnecessary meetings. The people she invites to meetings today include not just the essential employees, but also representatives from every department that might have a stake in the issue at hand. Managers like her, who seek input even from non-experts to shape their decisions, can find greater support and cooperation from their workforce, she says.L) If an organisation were to apply all 22 suggestions from Mroz and Allen’s findings, the most noticeable difference would be a stark decrease in the total number of meetings on the schedule, Mroz says. Lesstime in meetings would ultimately lead to increased productivity,which is the ultimate objective of convening a meeting. While none of the counter-MRS ideas have been tested empirically yet, Allen says one trick with promise is for employees to identify things that quickly change their mood from negative to positive. As simple as it sounds, finding a personal happy place, going there and then coming straight back to work might be key to facilitating recovery.M) Leaders should see also themselves as “stewards of everyone else’s valuable time”, adds Steven Rogelberg, author of The Surprising Science of Meetings. Having the skills to foresee potential traps and treat employees’ endurance with care allows leaders to provide effective short-term deterrents to MRS.N) Most important, however, is for organisations to awaken to the concept of meetings being flexible, says Allen. By reshaping the way they prioritise employees’ time, companies can eliminate the very sources of MRS in their tracks.36. Although employees are said to be fatigued by meetings, the condition has not been considered worthy of further research until recently. 37. Mroz and his team compiled a list of what to do and what not to do to remedy the problem of MRS.38. Companies can get rid of the root cause of MRS if they give priority to workers’ time.39. If workers are exhausted to a dangerous degree, it is extremely hard for them to transition to the next task.40. Employees in America spend a lot of time attending meetings while the number of hours managers meet is several times more.41. Phyllis Hartman has learned by herself many of the ways Mroz suggested in his study and made remarkable success in freeing herself fromunnecessary meetings.42. When meetings continue too long or don’t engage employees, they deplete vitality.43. When the time of meetings is reduced, employees will be more engaged in the meetings they do participate in.44. Some employees consider meetings one of the most dispensable parts of the workday.45. According to Mroz, if all his suggestions were applied, a very obvious change would be a steep decrease in the number of meetings scheduled.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Sarcasm and jazz have something surprisingly in common: You know them when you hear them. Sarcasm is mostly understood through tone of voice, which is used to portray the opposite of the literal words. For example, when someone says, “Well, that’s exactly what I need right now,” their tone can tell you it’s not what they need at all.Most frequently, sarcasm highlights an irritation or is, quite simply, mean.If you want to be happier and improve your relationships, cut out sarcasm. Why? Because sarcasm is actually hostility disguised as humor.Despite smiling outwardly, many people who receive sarcastic comments feel put down and often think the sarcastic person is rude, or contemptible. Indeed, it’s not surprising that the origin of the word sarcasm derives from the Greek word “sarkazein” which literally means “to tear or strip the flesh off.” Hence, it’s no wonder that sarcasm is often preceded by the word “cutting” and that it hurts.What’s more, since actions strongly determine thoughts and feelings, when a person consistently acts sarcastically it may only serve to heighten their underlying hostility and insecurity. After all, when you come right down to it, sarcasm can be used as a subtle form of bullying —and most bullies are angry, insecure, or cowardly.Alternatively, when a person stops voicing negative comments, especially sarcastic ones, they may soon start to feel happier and more self-confident. Also, other people in their life benefit even more because they no longer have to hear the emotionally hurtful language of sarcasm.Now, I’m not saying all sarcasm is bad. It may just be better usedsparingly—like a potent spice in cooking. Too much of the spice, and the dish will be overwhelmed by it. Similarly, an occasional dash of sarcastic wit can spice up a chat and add an element of humor to it. But a big or steady serving of sarcasm will overwhelm the emotional flavor of any conversation and can taste very bitter to its recipient.So, tone down the sarcasm and work on clever wit instead, which is usually without any hostility and thus more appreciated by those you’re communicating with. In essence, sarcasm is easy while true, harmless wit takes talent.Thus, the main difference between wit and sarcasm is that, as already stated, sarcasm is often hostility disguised as humor. It can be intended to hurt and is often bitter and biting. Witty statements are usually in response to someone’s unhelpful remarks or behaviors, and the intent is to untangle and clarify the issue by emphasizing its absurdities. Sarcastic statements are expressed in a cutting manner; witty remarks are delivered with undisguised and harmless humor.46. Why does the author say sarcasm and jazz have something surprisingly in common?A) Both are recognized when heard.B) Both have exactly the same tone.C) Both mean the opposite of what they appear to.D) Both have hidden in them an evident irritation.47. How do many people feel when they hear sarcastic comments?A) They feel hostile towards the sarcastic person.B) They feel belittled and disrespected.C) They feel a strong urge to retaliate.D) They feel incapable of disguising their irritation.48. What happens when a person consistently acts sarcastically?A) They feel their dignity greatly heightened.B) They feel increasingly insecure and hostile.C) They endure hostility under the disguise of humor.D) They taste bitterness even in pleasant interactions.49. What does the author say about people quitting sarcastic comments?A) It makes others happier and more self-confident.B) It restrains them from being irritating and bullying.C) It benefits not only themselves but also those around them.D) It shields them from negative comments and outright hostility.50. What is the chief difference between a speaker’s wit and sarcasm?A) Their clarity.B) Their appreciation.C) Their emphasis.D) Their intention.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Variability is crucially important for learning new skills. Consider learning how to serve in tennis. Should you always practise serving from the exactly same location on the court, aiming at the same spot? Although practising in more variable conditions will be slower at first, it will likely make you a better tennis player in the end. This is because variability leads to better generalisation of what is learned.This principle is found in many domains, including speech perception and learning categories. For instance, infants will struggle to learn the category “dog” if they are only exposed to Chihuahuas, instead of many different kinds of dogs.“There are over ten different names for this basic principle,” says Limor Raviv, the senior investigator of a recent study. “Learning from less variable input is often fast, but may fail to generalise to new stimuli.”To identify key patterns and understand the underlying principles of variability effects, Raviv and her colleagues reviewed over 150 studies on variability and generalisation across fields, including computer science, linguistics, categorisation, visual perception and formal education.The researchers discovered that, across studies, the term variability can refer to at least four different kinds of variability, such as set size and scheduling. “These four kinds of variability have never been directly compared—which means that we currently don’t know which is most effective for learning,” says Raviv.The impact of variability depends on whether it is relevant to the task or not. But according to the ‘Mr. Miyagi principle’, practising seemingly unrelated skills may actually benefit learning of other skills.But why does variability impact learning and generalisation? One theory is that more variable input can highlight which aspects of a task are relevant and which are not.Another theory is that greater variability leads to broader generalisations. This is because variability will represent the real world better, including atypical (非典型的) examples.A third reason has to do with the way memory works: when training is variable, learners are forced to actively reconstruct their memories.“Understanding the impact of variability is important for literally every aspect of our daily life. Beyond affecting the way we learn language, motor skills, and categories, it even has an impact on our social lives,”explains Raviv. “For example, face recognition is affected by whether people grew up in a small community or in a larger community. Exposure to fewer faces during childhood is associated with diminished face memory.”“We hope this work will spark people’ s curiosity and generate morework on the topic,” concludes Raviv.“Our paper raises a lot of open questions. Can we find similar effects of variability beyond the brain, for instance, in the immune system?”51. What does the passage say about infants learning the category “dog”if they are exposed to Chihuahuas only?A) They will encounter some degree of difficulty.B) They will try to categorise other objects first.C) They will prefer Chihuahuas to other dog species.D) They will imagine Chihuahuas in various conditions.52. What does Raviv say about the four different kinds of variability?A) Which of them is most relevant to the task at hand is to be confirmed.B) Why they have an impact on learning is far from being understood.C) Why they have never been directly compared remains a mystery.D) Which of them is most conducive to learning is yet to be identified.53. How does one of the theories explain the importance of variability for learning new skills?A) Learners regard variable training as typical of what happens in the real world.B) Learners receiving variable training are compelled to reorganise their memories.C) Learners pay attention to the relevant aspects of a task and ignore those irrelevant.D) Learners focus on related skills instead of wasting time and effort on unrelated ones.54. What does the passage say about face recognition?A) People growing up in a small community may find it easy to remember familiar faces.B) Face recognition has a significant impact on literally every aspect of our social lives.C) People growing up in a large community can readily recognise any individual faces.D) The size of the community people grow up in impacts their face recognition ability.55. What does Raviv hope to do with their research work?A) Highlight which aspects of a task are relevant and which are not to learning a skill.B) Use the principle of variability in teaching seemingly unrelated skills in education.C) Arouse people’s interest in variability and stimulate more research on the topic.D) Apply the principle of variability to such fields of study as the immune system.。
2023年12月英语六级第三套卷
2023年12月英语六级第三套卷目录1.阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）（共2篇）2.完形填空（Cloze Test）3.选词填空（Word-Fill）4.信息匹配（Matching Information）5.翻译（Translation）1. 阅读理解（Reading Comprehension）（共2篇）Passage 1Key Points•Topic: Importance of exercise for mental health•Main idea: Regular exercise can improve mental health by reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression.•Supporting details:–Research studies have shown that exercise can stimulate the release of endorphins, which are known as mood boosting chemicals.–Regular exercise can reduce symptoms of anxiety by increasing the body’s production ofserotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates mood.–Exercise can also improve sleep quality and promote a sense of well-being.•Conclusion: Incorporating regular exercise into one’s daily routine c an greatly benefit mental health.Passage 2Key Points•Topic: The impact of social media on self-esteem•Main idea: Social media can negatively affect self-esteem due to the tendency to compare oneself to others and the pressure to portray a perfect life.•Supporting details:–Many people feel inadequate or inferior when comparing themselves to the idealized versions ofothers’ lives portrayed on social media.–Social media platforms often prioritize vanity metrics such as likes and followers, which can lead toa constant need for validation.–The need for validation from social media can detract from one’s self-worth and overall confidence.•Conclusion: It is important to use social media mindfully and recognize its potential negative effects on self-esteem.2. 完形填空（Cloze Test）Key Points•Topic: The benefits of reading•Main idea: Reading is beneficial for personal growth and development.•Supporting details:–Reading broadens one’s perspective and fosters empathy by exposing readers to differentcultures and experiences.–Reading improves cognitive skills such as critical thinking and problem-solving.–Reading enhances vocabulary and language skills.–Reading reduces stress and promotesrelaxation.•Conclusion: Incorporating regular reading habits can have a positive impact on personal growth and well-being.3. 选词填空（Word-Fill）Key Points•Topic: Sustainable living•Main idea: Sustainable living practices are crucial for preserving the environment and combating climate change.•Supporting details:–Conserving energy and water resources can help reduce carbon emissions and protect naturalhabitats.–Recycling and reducing waste can minimize the impact on landfills and encourage the use of recycledmaterials.–Promoting renewable energy sources like solar and wind power can decrease reliance on fossil fuels.–Adopting eco-friendly transportation options such as walking, cycling, or using public transport canreduce air pollution.•Conclusion: Embracing sustainable living practices is essential for a greener and more sustainable future.4. 信息匹配（Matching Information）Key Points•Topic: Strategies for effective time management•Strategies:1.Prioritize tasks: Identify the most importanttasks and start with those.2.Set goals and deadlines: Establish clear goalsand deadlines for each task to stay organized andmotivated.3.Break tasks into smaller steps: Breaking tasksinto smaller, manageable steps can make them lessoverwhelming.4.Avoid multitasking: Focus on one task at a timeto improve productivity and concentration.5.Minimize distractions: Eliminate or minimizedistractions like social media or noisy environments.6.Take breaks: Schedule short breaks to rest andrecharge, which can improve focus and productivity.7.Delegate responsibilities: Delegate tasks thatcan be done by others to free up time for moreimportant tasks.8.Learn to say no: Set boundaries and prioritizeyour own tasks to avoid taking on too much.5. 翻译（Translation）Key Points•Passage: The benefits of learning a second language •主要内容：–提高认知能力：学习第二语言可以训练思维能力，提高注意力和记忆力。
2023年6月大学英语六级考试真题完整版-附答案(第3套)
附答案（第3套）（此文档分二部分：真题试题、答案）一、真题试卷Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance ofmotivation and methods in learning. You can cite e某amples to illustrate your views. Youshould write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Section A 选词填空at temperatures below about -25℃ unless they are mi某ed with other metals. Now, though, a novel type of steel has been developed that resists __27__ at much lower temperatures, while retaining its strength and toughness—without the need for e某pensive __28__.Steel's fragility at low temperatures first became a major concern during the Second World War. After German U-boats torpedoed （用鱼雷攻击）numerous British ships, a 2,700-strong fleet of cheap- and-cheerful \ ships\replace the lost vessels, providing a lifeline for the __29__ British. But the steel shells of hundreds of theships __30__ in the icy north Atlantic, and 12 broke in half and sank.Brittleness remains a problem when building steel structures in cold conditions, such as oil rigs in the Arctic. Soscientists have __31__ to find a solution by mi某ing it with e 某pensive metals such as nickel.K）hollow L）relevant M）reshuffled N）strived O）violentSection B 段落匹配The future of personal satellite technology is here—are we ready for it?。
2022年06月六级真题及解析第3套
2022年06月大学英语六级考试真题(第3套)温馨提示：2022年英语六级考试第3套试题，除翻译写作外，其余题目与第2 套完全一致，故而未重复给出。
PartI Writing(30minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence“Nowadays more and more people take delight in offering help to the needy.” You can make comments, cite examples, or use your personal experiences to develop your essay. You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part IV Translation(30minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet2.赵州桥建于隋朝，公元605年左右，长50.82米，宽9.6米，跨度37.37米。
天才建筑师李春设计并监督了桥的建设。
赵州桥结构新颖、造型优美。
桥有一个大拱，在大拱的两端有两个小拱，帮助排泄洪水、减轻桥梁重量并节省石材。
建成以来，该桥经受了多次洪水和地震，但其主体结构仍然完好无损，至今仍在使用。
赵州桥是世界桥梁建筑史上的一次创举，是中国古代文明史上的一项杰出成就。
类似设计的桥梁直到14世纪才在欧洲出现，比赵州桥晚了700多年。
2023年6月英语六级真题及答案(第3套)
Part2023年6月大学英语六级考试真题及答案（第3套）I Writing(30minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed30minutes to write an essay that begins with the sentence“Today there is a growing awareness that mental well-being needs to be given as much attention as physical health.”You can make comments,cite examples or use your personal experiences to develop your essay.You should write at least150words but no more than200words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30minutes)提示：2023年6月全国只考两套听力，故本套未重复显示。
Part III Reading Comprehension(40minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage.Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Imagine sitting down to a big dinner:a massive steak,a large portion of fried potatoes,and cake for dessert.After eating so much,you should be too full to eat another bite.But some people experience a powerful urge to keep eating,even after26 in a huge meal,a behavior that makes little sense,as most adults are well-versed in the dangers of obesity,which researchers have shown correlates with27 health issues and is even linked to increased28 risk.But some people still keep eating long after they should stop,a phenomenon Dr.Susan Thompson calls“insatiable(永不满足的)hunger.”It is characterized by two main29 :not being satisfied by eating,and having a desire to stay sedentary(久坐不动的).This is at30 with how humans are biologically programmed.When there was a great deal of food available,ancient people would gorge on calories;this massive calorie intake was accompanied by an urge to get active.Humans were also programmed for something called“compensation,”which is the brain’s31 mechanism for preventing the accumulation of excess weight.With compensation,if you eat one large meal in the morning,you are naturally32 to eat less for the rest of the day.But recent studies show that70%of American adults have lost the ability to naturally compensate for the calories they consume;worse33 ,a significant number of them report34 hunger halfway through an eating session,but,by the end of the meal,they feel the same or higher levels of hunger than when they sat down.Dr.Thompson argues that the main cause of this phenomenon is the modern diet, which is35 of food high in sugar,carbohydrates and calories.Section BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2.The Problem with Being PerfectA.When psychologist Jessica Pryor lived near an internationally renowned university,she once saw astudent walking into a library holding a sleeping bag and a coffee maker.She has heard of graduate students spending12to18hours at a time in the lab.Their schedules are meant to be literally punishing:If they are scientists-in-training,they won’t allow themselves to watch Netflix until their experiments start generating results.“Relationships become estranged(疏远的)—people stop inviting them to social gatherings or dinner parties,which leads them to spend even more time in the lab,”Pryor told me.B.Along with other therapists,Pryor,who is now with the Family Institute at Northwestern University,istrying to sound the alarm about a tendency among young adults and college students to strive for perfection in their work—sometimes at any cost.Though it is often portrayed as a positive trait, Pryor and others say extreme perfectionism can lead to depression,anxiety,and even suicide.C.What’s more,perfectionism seems to be on the rise.In a study of thousands of American,Canadian,and British college students published earlier this year,Thomas Curran of the University of Bath and Andrew Hill of York St.John University found that today’s college students report higher levels of perfectionism than college students did during the1990s or early2000s.They measured three types of perfectionism:self-oriented,or a desire to be perfect;socially prescribed,or a desire to live up to others’expectations;and other-oriented,or holding others to unrealistic standards.From1989to2016, they found,self-oriented perfectionism scores increased by10percent,socially prescribed scores rose by33percent,and other-oriented perfectionism increased by16percent.D.A person living with an other-oriented perfectionist might feel criticized by the perfectionist spousefor not doing household chores exactly the“right”way.“One of the most common things couples argue about is the proper way of loading the dishwasher,”says Amy Bach,a psychologist in Providence,Rhode Island.E.Curran describes socially prescribed perfectionism as“My self-esteem is contingent on what otherpeople think.”His study didn’t examine the causal reasons for its rise,but he assumes that the rise of both standardized testing and social media might play a role.These days,LinkedIn alerts us when ourrival gets a new job,and Instagram can let us know how well“liked”our lives are compared with a friend’s.In an opinion piece earlier this year,Curran and Hill argue that society has also become more dog-eat-dog.“Over the last50years,public interest and civic responsibility have been progressively eroded,”they write,“replaced by a focus on self-interest and competition in a supposedly free and open marketplace.”We strive for perfection,it seems,because we feel we must in order to get ahead.Michael Brustein,a clinical psychologist in Manhattan,says when he first began practicing in2007, he was surprised by how prevalent perfectionism was among his clients,despite how little his graduate training had focused on the phenomenon.He sees perfectionism in,among others,clients who are entrepreneurs,artists,and tech employees.“You’re in New York because you’re ambitious,you have this need to strive,”he says.“But then your whole identity gets wrapped into a goal.”F.Perfectionism can,of course,be a positive force.Think of professional athletes,who trainaggressively for ever-higher levels of competition.In well-adjusted perfectionism,someone who doesn’t get the gold is able to forget the setback and move on.In maladaptive(不当的)perfectionism, meanwhile,people make an archive of all their failures.They revisit these archives constantly, thinking,as Pryor puts it,“I need to make myself feel terrible so I don’t do this again.”Then they double down,“raising the expectation bar even higher,which increases the likelihood of defeat,which makes you self-critical,so you raise the bar higher,work even harder,”she says.Next comes failure, shame,and pushing yourself even harder toward even higher and more impossible goals.Meeting them becomes an“all or nothing”premise.Pryor offered this example:“Even if I’m an incredible attorney,if I don’t make partner in the same pacing as one of my colleagues,clearly that means I’m a failure.”G.Brustein says his perfectionist clients tend to devalue their accomplishments,so that every time a goalis achieved,the high lasts only a short time,like“a gas tank with a hole in it.”If the boss says you dida great job,it’s because he doesn’t know anything.If the audience likes your work,that’s because it’stoo stupid to know what good art actually is.But,therapists say,there are also different ways perfectionism manifests.Some perfectionists are always pushing themselves forward.But others actually fall behind on work,unable to complete assignments unless they are,well,perfect.Or they might handicap their performance ahead of time.They’re the ones partying until2a.m.the night before the final,so that when the grade C rolls in,there’s a ready excuse.H.While educators and parents have successfully convinced students of the need to be high performingand diligent,the experts told me,they haven’t adequately prepared them for the inevitability of failure.Instead of praises like“You’re so smart,”parents and educators should say things like“You really stuck with it,”Pryor says,to emphasize the value of perseverance over intrinsic talent.Pryor notes that many of her clients are wary she’ll“turn them into some degenerate couch potato and teach them to be okay with it.”Instead,she tries to help them think through the parts of their perfectionism they’d like to keep,and to lose the parts that are ruining their lives.I.Bach,who sees many students from Brown University,says some of them don’t even go out onweekends,let alone weekdays.She tells them,“Aim high,but get comfortable with good enough.”When they don’t get some award,she encourages them to remember that“one outcome is not a basisfor a broad conclusion about the person’s intelligence,qualifications,or potential for the future.”J.The treatment for perfectionism might be as simple as having patients keep logs of things they can be proud of,or having them behave imperfectly in small ways,just to see how it feels.“We might have them hang the towels crooked(不正的)or wear some clothing inside out,”says Martin Antony,a professor in the department of psychology at Ryerson University in Toronto.K.Brustein likes to get his perfectionist clients to create values that are important to them,then try to shift their focus to living according to those values rather than achieving specific goals.It’s a play on the“You really stuck with it”message for kids.In other words,it isn’t about doing a headstand in yoga class;it’s about going to yoga class in the first place,because you like to be the kind of person who takes care of herself.But he warns that some people go into therapy expecting too much—an instant transformation of themselves from a pathological(病态的)perfectionist to a(still high-achieving) non-perfectionist.They try to be perfect,in other words,at no longer being perfect.36.Socially prescribed perfectionism is described as one’s self-esteem depending on other people’sopinion.37.Jessica Pryor has learned that some graduate students work such long hours in the lab that they havelittle time for entertainment or socializing.38.The author believes perfectionism may sometimes be constructive.39.It is found that perfectionism is getting more and more prevalent among college students.40.Some experts suggest parents and educators should prepare students for failures.41.Some therapists warn that young adults tend to pursue perfection in their work.42.Psychologist Amy Bach encourages her students to aim high but be content with something less thanperfect.43.A clinical psychologist finds perfectionism is widespread among his clients.44.In trying to overcome perfectionism,some people are still pursuing perfection.45.In pursuing perfection,some perfectionists fail to complete their tasks on time.Section CDirections:There are2passages in this section.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions46to50are based on the following passage.How on earth did we come to this?We protect our children obsessively from every harm;we scrutinize every carer,teacher or doctor with whom they come into contact.Yet despite all this,one group, which in no way has their best interests at heart,has almost unconstrained access.We seem to take it for granted that advertisers and marketers are allowed to condition even the youngest children.Before children have even developed a proper sense of their own identity,or learned to handle money,they’re encouraged to associate status and self-worth with stuff,and to look to externalthings such as fame and wealth for validation.We’re turning out little consumers rather than young citizens who will value themselves for what they contribute to the society in which they live.We’ve reached this point so gradually that many of us have never questioned it.It’s crept up on us in the60years since advertisers started to target the young and found that they could recruit them to a commercial assault on their parents.We’ve come to know it as“pester power”or the ability of children to pressure parents to make certain purchases.Many psychologists,child development experts and educators point to research suggesting that this emerging cradle-to-grave consumerism is contributing to growing rates of low self-esteem,depression and other forms of mental illness.Not all psychologists agree.There’re plenty working hand in glove with a£12bn-a-year industry that has turned the manipulation of adult emotions and desires into an art form—often literally.It’s also one that’s forever developing new ways to persuade our children to desire material possessions,and because of advertisements’viral effect they only need to infect a few to reach the many.Advertising and marketing can serve a useful purpose for children.Marketing may help socialize children as consumers, inform them about products,and help them carve out unique identities as they reach adulthood Then,should we ban all advertising aimed at young children?I say yes.Of course there’ll be plenty of objections to an outright ban on advertising to the under-11s.There’ll be those who argue that would be a breach of freedom of speech and infringe the rights of corporations to brainwash little children into demanding their products.Most parents hate what advertising does to their children,but we do have the power to end it and let our children grow up free from many of the pressures of consumerism until they’re old enough to make their own decisions.And though advertising is only part of an all-pervasive(无处不在的)marketing culture we need to make a start somewhere.Let’s ban all advertising targeting children of primary school age and younger now.46.Which group of people does the author say has almost unrestricted access to children?A.Advertisers.B.Carers.C.Teachers.D.Doctors.47.What kind of people should we enable children to become according to the author?A.Those who look to fame and wealth for external and ultimate validation.B.Those who value themselves because of their contribution to society.C.Those who associate self-worth with the ability to handle money.D.Those who have developed a proper sense of their own identity.48.Many child development experts and educators call attention to research that suggests____A.life-long consumerism is causing more and more cases of psychological problems.B.increasing commercialization of education is eroding many children’s self-esteem.C.the growing desire for wealth is contributing to a rising rate of depression.D.the craving for purchasing material things is nurtured throughout one’s life.49.What does the author imply about the impact of advertising?A.It is actually infectious to many rather than a few.。
2019年12月英语六级真题及答案(第3套)
2019年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第3套) Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of having a sense of social responsibility.You shouldwrite at least 150 words but no more than 200 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)特别说明：由于多题多卷，官方第三套真题的听力试题与第二套真题的一致，只是选项顺序不同，因此，本套试卷不再提供听力部分。
Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bankfollowing the passage. Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please markthe corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more thanonce.The persistent haze over many of our cities is a reminder of the polluted air that we breathe. Over 80% of the world’s urban population is breathing air that fails to meet World Health Organisation guidelines, and an estimated 4.5 million people died26 from outdoor air pollution in 2015.Globally, urban populations are expected to double in the next 40 years, and an extra 2 billion people will need new places to live, as well as services and ways to move around their cities. What is more important, the decisions that we make now about the design of our cities will27 the everyday lives and health of the coming generations. So what would a smog-free, or at least low-pollution, city be like?Traffic has become28 with air pollution, and many countries intend to ban the sale of new petrol and diesel cars in the next two decades. But simply29 to electric cars will not mean pollution-free cities. The level of emissions they cause will depend on how the electricity to run them is30 , while brakes, tyres and roads all create tiny airborne31 as they wear out.Across the developed world, car use is in decline as more people move to city centres, while young people especially are32 for other means of travel.Researchers are already asking if motor vehicle use has reached its33 and will decline, but transport planners have yet to catch up with this34 , instead of laying new roads to tackle traffic jams. As users of London’s orbital M25 motorway will know, new roads rapidly fill with more traffic. In the US, studies have shown that doubling the size of a road can35 double the traffic, taking us back to the starting point.A)alternateB)crownC)determineD)generatedE)locatingF)mergedG)miniaturesH)optingI)particlesJ)peakK)prematurelyL)simplyM)switchingN)synonymousO)trendSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of theparagraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is markedwith a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2.How much protein do you really need?[A] The marketing is tempting: Get stronger muscles and healthier bodies with minimal effort by adding protein powder to your morning shake or juice drink. Or grab a protein bar at lunch or for a quick snack. Today, you can find protein supplements everywhere- -online or at the pharmacy, grocery store or health food store. They come in powders, pills and bars. With more than ＄12 billion in sales this year, the industry is booming and, according to the market research company, Grand View Research, is on tack to sell billions more by 2025. But do we really need all this supplemental protein? It depends. There are pros, cons and some other things to consider.[B] For starters, protein is critical for every cell in our body. It helps build nails, hair, bones and muscles. It can also help you feel fuller longer than eating foods without protein. And, unlike nutrients that are found only in a few foods, protein is present in all foods. “The typical American diet is a lot higher in protein than a lot of us think,” says registered dietitian Angela Pipitone. It’s in foods many of us expect, such as beef, chicken and other types of meat and dairy, But it’s also in foods that may not come immediately to mind like vegetables, fruit, beans and grains.”[C]The U.S. government’s recommended daily allowance (RDA) for the average adultis 50 to 60 grams of protein a day. This may sound like a lot, but Pipitone says: “We get bits of protein here and there and that really adds up throughout the day.” Take, for example, breakfast. If you eat two eggs topped with a little bit of cheese and an orange on the side, you already have 22 grams of protein. Each egg gives you 7 grams, the cheese gives you about 6 grams and the orange -about 2 grams. Add a lunch of chicken, rice and broccoli (西兰花), and you are already over the recommended S0 grams. “You can get enough protein and meet the RDA before you even get to dinner,” says Pipitone.[D] So if it’s so easy to get your protein in food, why add more in the form of powders, snack bars or a boost at your local juice bar? No need to, says Pipitone, because, in fact, most of us already get enough protein in our diet. “Whole foods are always the best option rather than adding supplements,” she says, noting the FDA does not regulate supplements as rigorously as foods or drugs. So there could be less protein, more sugar and some additives you wouldn't expect, such as caffeine (咖啡因).[E] If you are considering a supplement, read the list of ingredients, she says, although this is not always reliable. “I’ve seen very expensive protein supplements that claim to be high quality but they might not really be beneficial for the average healthy adult,”she says. “It could just be a waste of money.”[F] But there are certain situations that do warrant extra protein.“Anytime you’re repairing or building muscle,” Pipitone says, such as if you’re an extreme endurance athlete, training for a marathon, or you’re a body builder. If you’re moderately exercising for 150 minutes a week. as the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends, or less than that, you’re probably not an extreme athlete. Extreme athletes expend lots of energy breaking down and repairing and building muscles. Protein can give them the edge they need to speed that process.[G] Vegans can benefit from protein supplements since they do not eat animal-based protein sources like meat, dairy or eggs. And, for someone always on-the-go who may not have time for a meal, a protein snack bar can be a good option for occasional meal replacement. Also, individuals recovering from surgery or an injury can also benefit from extra protein. So, too, can older people. At around age 60, “muscles really start to break down,” says Kathryn Starr, an aging researcher, “and because of that, the protein needs of an older adult actually increase.”[H] In fact, along with her collage Connie Bales, Starr recently conducted a small study that found that adding extra protein foods to the diet of obese older individuals who were trying to lose weight strengthened their muscles. Participants in the study were separated into two groups -one group was asked to cat 30 grams of protein per meal in the form of whole foods. That meant they were eating 90 grams of protein a day. The other group-the control group-was put on a typical low-calorie diet with about 50 to 60 grams of protein a day. After six months, researchers found the high protein group had significantly improved their muscle function-almost twice as much as the control group.“They were able to walk faster, had improved balance, and were also able to get up out of a chair faster than the control group,” Starr says. All 67 participants were over 60 years of age, and both groups lost about the same amount of weight.[I] Starr is now looking into whether high-protein diets also improve the quality of the muscle itself in seniors. She’s using CT scans to measure muscle size and fat, and comparing seniors on a high-protein diet with those on regular diets. She says her findings should be available in a couple of months.[J] In the meantime, 70-year-old Corliss Keith, who was in the high protein group in Starr’ latest study, says she feels a big difference. “I feel excellent,” she says. “I feel like I have a different body, I have more energy, I’m stronger.” She says she is able to take Zumba exercise classes three times a week, work out on the treadmill (跑步机), and take long, brisk walks. Keith also lost more than 15 pounds. “I’m a fashionable person, so now I’m back in my 3-inch heels,” she says.[K] As people age, Starr says muscle strength is key to helping them stay strong and continue living on their own in their own home. “I feel very much alive now,” says Keith. I feel like I could stay by myself until I’m 100.”[L] But can people overdo protein? Pipitone says you do have to be careful. Other researchers say too much protein can cause cramps (痉挛), headaches, and fatigue. Dehydration (脱水) is also a risk when you eat too much protein. Pipitone says if you increase protein, you also have to increase your fluid intake. “I always tell people to make sure they’re drinking enough fluids,” which for the average person is 60 to 70 ounces a day, which translates into eight 8-ounce glasses of water or liquid per day.[M] There have been some indications that extra protein makes the kidneys work harder, which could be problematic for individuals with a history of kidney disease and for them, the supplements may increase the risk of kidney stones, she says.[N] Bottom line, if you think you need more protein in your diet, consider these questions: Are you an extreme athlete; are you recovering from injury or surgery; or are you 60 years or older? If so, adding high protein foods like eggs and meat products to your diet can be beneficial. And, if you’re not sure, it is always a good idea to check with your primary care provider.36.It is quite easy for one t take in the recommended amount of protein.37.Pipitone claims that healthy adults need to spend money on protein supplements.38.The protein supplement business is found to be thriving.39.Protein can spend the requiring of damaged muscles.40.Protein supplements may overburden some internal organ, thus leading to its malfunctioning.41.Older adults need to take in more protein to keep their muscles strong.42.Protein is found in more foods than people might realize.43.Additional protein was found to help strengthen the muscles of overweight seniors seeking weight loss.44.Pipitone believes that whole foods provide the best source of protein.45.People are advised to drink more liquid when they take in more protein.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Last year, a child was born at a hospital in the UK with her heart outside her body. Few babies survive this rare condition, and those who do must endure numerous operations and are likely to have complex needs. When her mother was interviewed, three weeks after her daughter’s birth, she was asked if she was prepared for what might be a daunting(令人生畏的) task caring for her. She answered without hesitation that, as far as she was concerned, this would be a “privilege”.Rarely has there been a better example of the power of attitude, one of our most powerful psychological tools. Our attitudes allow us to turn mistakes into opportunities, and loss into the chance for new beginnings. An attitude is a settled way of thinking, feeling and/or behaving towards particular objects, people, events or ideologies. We use our attitudes to filter, interpret and react to the world around us. You weren’t born with attitudes; rather they are all learned, and this happens in a number of ways.The most powerful influences occur during early childhood and include both what happened to you directly, and what those around you did and said in our presence. As you acquire a distinctive identity, your attitudes are further refined by the behavior of those with whom you identify-your family, those of your gender and culture, and the people you admire, even though you may not know them personally. Friendships and other important relationships become increasingly important, particularly during adolescence. About that same time and throughout adulthood, the information you receive, especially when ideas are repeated in association with goals and achievements you find attractive, also refines your attitudes.Many people assume that our attitudes are internally consistent, that is, the way you think and feel about someone or something predicts your behavior towards them. However, many studies have found that feelings and thoughts don’t necessarily predict behavior. In general, your attitudes will be internally consistent only when the behavior is easy, and when those around you hold similar beliefs. That’s why, for example, many say they believe in the benefits of recycling or exercise, but don’t behave in line with their views, because it takes awareness, effort and courage to go beyond merely stating that you believe something is a good idea.One of the most effective ways to change an attitude is to start behaving as if you already feel and think the way you’d prefer to. Take some time to reflect on yourattitudes, to think about what you believe and why. Is there anything you consider a burden rather than a privilege? If so, start behaving-right now-as if the latter is the case.46. What do we learn from the passage about attitude?A) It shapes our beliefs and ideologies.B) It improves our psychological wellbeing.C) It determines how we respond to our immediate environment.D) It changes the way we think, feel and interact with one another.47. What can contribute to the refinement of one’s attitude, according to the passage?A) Their idol’s behaviors.B) Their educational level.C) Their contact with the opposite gender.D) Their interaction with different cultures.48. What do many studies find about people’s feelings and thoughts?A) They may not suggest how a person is going to behave.B) They are in a way consistent with a person’s mentality.C) They may not find expression in interpersonal relations.D) They are in line with a person’s behavior no matter what.49. How come many people don’t do what they believe is good?A) They can’t afford the time.B) They have no idea how to.C）They are hypocritical.D) They lack willpower.50. What is proposed as a strategy to change attitude?A) Changing things that require one’s immediate attention.B) Starting to act in a way that embodies one’s aspirations.C）Adjusting one’s behavior gradually over a period of time.D) Considering ways of reducing one’s psychological burdens.Passage TwoQuestion 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Industrial fishing for krill(磷虾) in the unspoilt waters around Antarctica is threatening the future of one of the world’s last great widernesses, according to a new report.The study by Greenpeace analysed the movements of krill fishing vessels in the region and found they were increasingly operating “in the immediate vicinity of penguin colonies and whale-feeding grounds”. It also highlights incidents of fishing boats being involved in groundings, oil spills and accidents, which posed a serious threat to the Antarctic ecosystem.The report, published on Tuesday, comes amid growing concern about the impactof fishing and climate change on the Antarctic. A global campaign has been launched to create a network of ocean sanctuaries to protect the seas in the region and Greenpeace is calling for an immediate halt to fishing in areas being considered for sanctuary status.Frida Bengtsson from Greenpeace’s Protect the Antarctic campaign said: If the krill industry wants to show it’s a responsible player, then it should be voluntarily getting out of any area which is being proposed as an ocean sanctuary, and should instead be backing the protection of these huge tracts of the Antarctic.”A global campaign has been launched to turn a huge tract of Antarctic seas into ocean sanctuaries, protecting wildlife and banning not just krill fishing, but all fishing. One was created in the Ross Sea in 2016, another reserve is being proposed in a vast area of the Weddell Sea, and a third sanctuary is under consideration in the area west of the Antarctic Peninsula -a key krill fishing area.The Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) manages the seas around Antarctica. It will decide on the Weddell Sea sanctuary proposal at a conference in Australia in October, although a decision on the peninsula sanctuary is not expected until later.Keith Reid, a science manager at CCAMLR, said that the organisation sought “a balance between protection conservation and sustainable fishing in the Southern Ocean.” He said although more fishing was taking place nearer penguin colonies it was often happening later in the season when these colonies were empty.“The creation of a system of marine protected areas is a key part of ongoing scientific and policy discussions in CCAMLR,” he added. “Our long- term operation in the region depends on a healthy and thriving Antarctic marine ecosystem, which is why we have always had an open dialogue with the environmental non-governmental organisations. We strongly intend to continue this dialogue, including talks with Greenpeace, to discuss improvements based on the latest scientific data. We are not the ones to decide on the establishment of marine protected areas, but we hope to contribute positively with our knowledge and experience.”51. What does Greenpeace’s study find about krill fishing?A) It caused a great many penguins and whales to migrate.B) It was depriving penguins and whales of their habitats.C)It was carried out too close to the habitats of penguins and whales.D)It posed an unprecedented threat to the wildlife around Antarctica.52. For what purpose has a global campaign been launched?A) To reduce the impact of climate change on Antarctica.B) To establish conservation areas in the Antarctic region.C) To regulate krill fishing operations in the Antarctic seas.D) To publicise the concern about the impact of krill fishing.53. What is Greenpeace’s recommendation to the krill industry?A) Opting to operate away from the suggested conservation areas.B) V olunteering to protect the endangered species in the Antarctic.C) Refraining from krill fishing throughout the breeding season.D) Showing its sense of responsibility by leading the global campaign.54. What did CCAMLR aim to do according to its science manager?A) Raise public awareness of the vulnerability of Antarctic species.B) Ban all commercial fishing operations in the Southern Ocean.C) Keep the penguin colonies from all fishing interference.D) Sustain fishing without damaging the Antarctic ecosystem.55. How does CCAMLR define its role in the conservation of the Antarctic environment?A) A coordinator in policy discussions.B) An authority on big data analysis.C) A provider of the needed expertise.D) An initiator of marine sanctuaries.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.牡丹( peony)花色艳丽，形象高雅，象征着和平与繁荣，因而在中国被称为“花中之王”。
大学英语六级试卷真题及答案 第三套 精校版
2015年6月英语六级真题及答案（第三套）Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “If you cannot do great things, do small things in a great way. ’’You can cite examples to illustrate your point of view. You should write at least l50 words but no more than 200 words.注意: 此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or, more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A, B, C and D and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet, with a single line through the centre.注意: 此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。
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2018年6月英语六级真题及答案（第三套）
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30minutes to write an essay on the importance of building trust between businesses and consumers. You can cite examples to illustrate your views. You should write at least 150
words but no more than 200 words.
The Importance of Building Trust Between Businesses and Consumers Today, in the context of this era featured by increasing commercialization an d digitalization, mutually-trusted relations between businesses and consumers appear to be particularly important.
As for me businesses should take a leading role in establishing the trust relationship: to be honest with their consumers. Firstly, if a business has a dishonest attitude toward its customers, the customers will lack purchasing confidence in its goods or services, which will bring huge economic loss to the business. What's worse, the adverse side effect of such dishonesty can endanger the business and it is impossible to recover. The collapse of Sanlu Milk Powder Company is a testament to this. Moreover, the incident of poisonous milk has exerted devastating consequences on the whole milk powder market. Be sides, because of the proliferation of counterfeit goods, more consumers lose confidence in domestic products, and then they have no alternative but to resort to foreign brands, which is one reason why cross-border online shopping is gaining more and more popularity in China.
Therefore, it is high time for us to strengthen the importance of maintaining trust between businesses and consumers to promote the healthy development t of the whole social economy.
.
Part II Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
说明：由于2018 年 6 月六级考试全国共考了两套听力，本套真题听力与前 2 套内容相同，只是选项顺序不同，因此在本套真题中不再重复出现。
Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your
choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on
Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than
once.
Did Sarah Josepha Hale write "Mary's Little Lamb," the eternal nursery rhyme(儿歌) about a girl named Mary with a stubborn lamb? This is still disputed, but it's clear that the woman 26for writing it was one of America's most fascinating 27 . In honor of the poem's publication on May 24, 1830, here's more about the 28 author's life.
Hale wasn't just a writer, she was also a 29 social advocate, and she was particularly 30 with an ideal New England, which she associated with abundant Thanksgiving meals that she claimed had "a deep moral influence." She began a nationwide 31 to have a national holiday declared that would bring families together while celebrating the 32 festivals. In 1863, after 17 years of advocacy including letters to five presidents, Hale got it. President Abraham Lincoln, during the Civil War, issued a 33 setting aside the last Thursday in November for the holiday.
The true authorship of "Mary's Little Lamb" is disputed. According to the New England Historical Society, Hale wrote only part of the poem, but claimed authorship. Regardless of the author, it seems that the poem was 34 by a real event. When young Mary Sawyer was followed to school by a lamb in 1816, it caused some problems. A bystander named John Roulstone wrote a poem about the event, then, at some point, Hale herself seems to have helped write it.
However, if a 1916 piece by her great-niece is to be trusted, Hale claimed for the 35 of her life that "some other people pretended that someone else wrote the poem".
A) campaign
B) career
C) characters
D) features
E) fierce
F) inspired
G) latter H)obsessed
I) proclamation J) rectified K) reputed
L) rest
M) supposed N)traditional
.
O) versatile .。