新SAT官方指南阅读第十篇全解析
新sat官方指南阅读试题解析之文本细读题
新SAT官方指南阅读试题解析之文本细读题新SAT阅读比现行SAT更重视学生的文本细读能力与对文本细节的理解。
College Board 在考试改革说明中也明确规定了精读题的考察范围。
一、题型介绍新SAT官方指南阅读试题解析之文本细读题第一种题型：Determining explicit meanings：The student will identify information and ideas explicitly stated in text. 识别明确信息：要求学生能够读懂文章中给出的明确的信息。
第二种题型：Determining implicit meaning: The student will draw reasonable inferences and logical conclusions from text. 识别隐含信息：要求学生能够从文章中做出合理推断与结论。
第三种题型：Using analogical reasoning: The student will extrapolate in a reasonable way from the information and ideas in a text or apply information and ideas in a text to a new, analogous situation. 运用类比推理：要求学生能够从文章中做出合理推断或者能将文章中的观点与信息运用到一个新的，类似的情景之中。
二、出题比例这三种题型在新SAT官方指南阅读中一共有38道(18.3%)，其中Determining explicit meaning占10道(4.8%), Determining implicit meaning占28道(13.5%), Using analogical reasoning占0道(%)。
由此可见，精读能力是新SAT阅读中非常重要的一项考察内容。
新SAT阅读题型解析
新SAT阅读题型解析阅读部分一直是SAT考试的重头戏，也是中国学生一直以来的痛点和难点。
这次改革在阅读方面到底有哪些动作?对中国学生又会产生什么样的影响呢?新SAT阅读要求学生在65分钟内完成6篇文章共52道题。
这6篇文章主要分为这三大类：“文学”、“历史与社会研究”和“自然科学”，每文篇幅500-700字不等。
其中，文学类题材占1篇，10-11道题;历史与社会研究占2-3篇，共21题;自然科学类占2-3篇，共21道题。
而“历史与社会研究”这一主题又主要包含两类话题：“立国文档和全球性对话”、“社会科学”。
总6篇文章中，其中有4篇是单篇长文，有两篇是长对比。
题型上，美国大学理事会做出明确规定的是两类题型。
其中语境词汇题有10道，每篇(对)文章2道;例证题10道，每篇(对)文章2道。
与现有SAT相比，新SAT阅读取消了单纯在句子里考察词汇的方式，而强调学生在语境中理解单词;取消了短阅读，所有文章皆是长文;似乎取消了对自传体文章的考察，对记叙类文体的考察从40%左右降低到20%，而科学类文章从20%左右上升到40%。
不止如此，SAT还头一次明确规定了各类文体的比例和题目配比。
新SAT阅读文章的四大题材文学这次改革，美国大学理事会似乎在刻意淡化记叙类文体的作用，其比例从现行的40%将会下降到20%。
跟以前一样，文学部分的考察范围既包括古典作品，也会包含现代文。
文学部分应该还是现代文居多。
理由有三：首先，SAT阅读文章中有96%出版于1900年之后，78%出版于1980年之后(见2013年年度报告文章)，新的SAT 应该仍然会延续这个传统。
二是，在今年4月16日公布的《2016年SAT改革细则》(下称《细则》)中，美国大学理事会一遍又一遍地强调SAT的实用性，强调考试与现实生活和学习对接。
既然强调SAT与真实世界的连接，其作品选择更多的应该是更容易引起学生共鸣的现代作品。
三是，《细则》阅读部分中出现的三篇文章，一篇属于“立国文档与全球话题”(“Barbara Jordan’s Speech”), 一篇属于“自然科学”(“Sea Turtles”)，第三篇则属于“社会科学”(“The Great Reset”)，文学作品则缺席。
新SAT官方指南阅读第八篇全解析
新SAT官方指南阅读第八篇全解析Passage1is adapted from Nicholas Carr,“Author Nicholas Carr:The Web Shatters Focus,RewiresBrains.”©2010by CondéNast.Passage2is from Steven Pinker,“Mind over Mass Media.”©2010by The New York Times Company.Passage1The mental consequences of our online info-crunching are not universally bad.Certain cognitive skills are strengthened by our use of computers and the Net.These tend to involve more primitive mental functions,such as hand-eye coordination,reflex response,and the processing of visual cues.One much-cited study of video gaming revealed that after just10days of playing5action games on computers,a group of young people had significantly boosted the speed withwhich they could shift their visual focus between various images and tasks.It’s likely that Web browsing also strengthens brain functions related to fast-paced problem solving,particularly when it requires spotting patterns in a welter of data.A British study of the way women search for medical information online indicated that an experienced Internet user 10can,at least in some cases,assess the trustworthiness and probable value of a Web page in amatter of seconds.The more we practice surfing and scanning,the more adept our brain becomes at those tasks.But it would be a serious mistake to look narrowly at such benefits and conclude that the Web is making us smarter.In a Science article published in early2009,prominent developmental15psychologist Patricia Greenfield reviewed more than40studies of the effects of various types of media on intelligence and learning ability.She concluded that“every medium develops somecognitive skills at the expense of others.”Our growing use of the Net and other screen-basedtechnologies,she wrote,has led to the“widespread and sophisticated development ofvisual-spatial skills.”But those gains go hand in hand with a weakening of our capacity for the20kind of“deep processing”that underpins“mindful knowledge acquisition,inductive analysis,critical thinking,imagination,and reflection.”We know that the human brain is highly plastic;neurons and synapses change as circumstances change.When we adapt to a new cultural phenomenon,including the use of a new medium,we end up with a different brain,says Michael Merzenich,a pioneer of the field of25neuroplasticity.That means our online habits continue to reverberate in the workings of our brain cells even when we’re not at a computer.We’re exercising the neural circuits devoted toskimming and multitasking while ignoring those used for reading and thinking deeply.Passage2Critics of new media sometimes use science itself to press their case,citing research that shows how“experience can change the brain.”But cognitive neuroscientists roll their eyes at such 30talk.Yes,every time we learn a fact or skill the wiring of the brain changes;it’s not as if theinformation is stored in the pancreas.But the existence of neural plasticity does not mean the brain is a blob of clay pounded into shape by experience.Experience does not revamp the basic information-processing capacities of the brain.Speed-reading programs have long claimed to do just that,but the verdict was rendered by Woody 35Allen after he read Leo Tolstoy’s famously long novel War and Peace in one sitting:“It was aboutRussia.”Genuine multitasking,too,has been exposed as a myth,not just by laboratory studies butby the familiar sight of an SUV undulating between lanes as the driver cuts deals on his cellphone.Moreover,the effects of experience are highly specific to the experiences themselves.If youtrain people to do one thing(recognize shapes,solve math puzzles,find hidden words),they get 40better at doing that thing,but almost nothing else.Music doesn’t make you better at math,conjugating Latin doesn’t make you more logical,brain-training games don’t make you smarter.Accomplished people don’t bulk up their brains with intellectual calisthenics;they immersethemselves in their fields.Novelists read lots of novels,scientists read lots of science.45The effects of consuming electronic media are likely to be far more limited than the panicimplies.Media critics write as if the brain takes on the qualities of whatever it consumes,theinformational equivalent of“you are what you eat.”As with ancient peoples who believed thateating fierce animals made them fierce,they assume that watching quick cuts in rock videos turnsyour mental life into quick cuts or that reading bullet points and online postings turns yourthoughts into bullet points and online postings.5022.The author of Passage1indicates which of the following about the use of screen-based technologies?A)It should be thoroughly studied.B)It makes the brain increasingly rigid.C)It has some positive effects.D)It should be widely encouraged.正确答案：C分析：文章1的作者认为人们可以从基于屏幕的技术中受益。
SAT满分阅读系列10--OG全解密byciciyue
SAT满分阅读系列10--OG全解密byciciyueTest 10P961 Q11-12THE TREMATODE RIBEIROIA ONDATRAE IN SOUTHEASTERN AMPHIBIANSBy: M. Kevin HamedAmphibian Die-offs:In the last 20 years, scientists have documented an increasing trend of amphibian population declines and extinctions (1). Potential causes for these declines include: climate change, habitat loss, diseases, and introduced species (2). In 1995, public perception and concern of amphibian declines increased greatly when a group of middle school students in Minnesota found a pond where approximately half of metamorphic leopard frogs (Rana pipiens) had malformations (3). Since this initial discovery, over 60 species of frogs, toads and salamanders have been reported with malformations in 46 states. Extra, missing or misshaped hind limbs are the most common malformations observed. Most of the reported malformations have been from the Western, Midwestern, and Northeastern United States (3). Populations in the Northeast and Midwest were assumed to be affected by water contamination from pesticides as Canadian ponds in agriculture areas displayed the highest rates of malformations (4). However, other hypotheses were suggested including increased UV-B radiation from ozone depletion, retinoids in waste water, and parasite infection.In 1986, Pacific treefrogs (Hyla regilla) and long-toed salamanders (Ambystoma macrodactylum) were reported with high prevalence of limb abnormalities, especially extra limbs (5).The malformations were thought to be caused by trematodes, which are parasitic worms. Trematodes burrow into tadpoles around developing limb buds and form cysts (metacercariae), which can mechanically interfere with development (5). Almost 10 years later, Pieter Johnson and colleagues (6) examined Pacific treefrogs in 13 ponds and found severe malformations in 4 ponds. Water analysis revealed no indication of PCBs, pesticides, or heavy metals. However, all 4 ponds with malformed treefrogs had one characteristic that was missing from ponds where malformations were not observed – high abundance of a certain species of aquatic snail (Planorbella tenus, 6). As it turns out, this snail is the first host of the parasitic trematode Ribeiroia ondatrae. In the laboratory, Johnson exposed Pacific treefrog tadpoles to Ribeiroia ondatrae and 85% of metamorphic frogs developed malformations. This initial research demonstrated that R. ondatrae caused malformations (6), which may impact amphibian populations by reducing the chance of juvenile frogs reaching adulthood.Malformations caused by R. ondatrae infection have been documented in the western toad (Bufo boreas), rough-skinned newt (Tarcha granulose), California newt (Taricha torosa), northern red-legged frog (Rana aurora), cascade frog (Rana cascade), American bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana), Columbia spotted frog (Rana luteiventris), Great Basin spadefoot toad (Scaphiopus intermontanus), and the Oregon spotted frog (Rana pretiosa; 7,8). The prevalence of amphibian malformations due to R. ondatrae appears to be increasing, but may be an artifact of heightened awareness and increased monitoring of wetlands for malformed amphibians. The first report of malformed frogs in North American was in 1899 and subsequent reports werepublished through the 1960s. In a pond in western Montana, extra-legged treefrogs composed 20-25% ofmetamorphosing individuals from 1958-1961 (4). Johnson and colleagues re-surveyed the same pond in the 1990s and found 50% of the treefrogs had malformations with high rates of R. ondatrae infection (4). Further, two of four species that had bred at this pond in the 1960s were no longer present (4). Another study in Minnesota ponds reported that the types of malformations in resident amphibians increased from 2 to 12 malformation types between the 1960s and 1990s (9). Based on these studies, it appears that malformation rates are increasing as well as the types of malformations observed in amphibian populations. Interestingly, a search of the literature revealed no reported cases of malformations due to R. ondatrae in the southeastern United States; however, extensive surveys have not been performed.Pathogen Characteristics:Ribeiroia ondatrae has a complex life cycle that includes three hosts: primary host (birds or mammals), first intermediate host (snails), and second intermediate host (amphibians or fish). Adult R. ondatrae worms live in the gastrointestinal track of birds and mammals, and reproduce sexually. Fertilized eggs are released into the environment when the primary host defecates. If the feces is deposited in the water, the eggs will hatch into miracidium that burrow into planorbid snails and reproduce asexually. Thereafter, free-swimming cercariae are released from the snail in large numbers. The cercariae burrow into tadpoles usually around the limb buds or vent and encyst in the host as metacercariae (4). The metacercarial cysts can mechanically or chemically disrupt limb development. If the infected amphibianis consumed by a bird or mammal, the metacercariae develop into adult worms and the life cycle is completed. It is believed that malformations from Ribeiroia infection may benefit the trematode by making capture of the amphibian easier by the primary host (4,10). Known primary hosts of Ribeiroia include great blue herons (Ardea Herodias), osprey (Pandion haliaetus), muskrats (Ondatra zibethicus), red fox (Vulpes vulpes), mink (Mustela vison), raccoons (Procyon lotor), and stripped skunks (Mephitis mephitis, 9).Field, Gross, and Histological Signs:When R. ondatrae metacercariae encyst in the tadpole around the pelvic griddle, malformations almost always occur. Typical amphibian malformations due to R. ondatrae include: polymelia (extra limbs; Fig. 1), polydactyly (extra digits), amelia (missing limb), ectromelia (missing digits), apody (missing foot), polypody (multiple feet), polyphalangy (multiple phalanges; Fig.1), skin webbing, anophthalmy (missing eye), and mandibular hypoplasia (malformed jaw, 10). Most (95%) malformations occur on the hind limbs and are usually (89%) asymmetrical in frogs. Salamanders experience a more equal distribution of malformations between forelimbs and hind limbs (4). The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) published a field guide to amphibian malformations in 2005, which is available at: /doc/45e4dad280eb6294dd886cf2.html/publications/fact_sheets/pdfs/frog.pdf. Amphibian malformations can be reported to USGS at: /doc/45e4dad280eb6294dd886cf2.html/portal/server.pt.Factors Contributing to Emergence:Prior to the discovery of R. ondatrae, pesticides and UV-Bradiation were thought to be the primary causes of amphibian malformations. After learning that R. ondatrae cause malformations, researchers began investigating what mechanisms might contribute to higher parasite infection rates. Johnson and colleaguesled a series of aquatic ecosystem studies that demonstrated that factors that contribute to the proliferation of snails in the family Planorbidae will increase R. ondatrae densities and the number of amphibian malformations (11,12). Factors that were identified were those that contribute to euthrophication (i.e., excessive algal production), such as allowing cattle to deposit waste in wetlands or high amounts of fertilizers in runoff. In addition, pesticides, such as Atrazine, Malathion and Esfenvalerate, can affect the immune system and mobility of tadpoles, which can increase the likelihood of infection by R. ondatrae cercariae (13). Inasmuch as fish can be infected by R. ondatrae also, it is possible this parasite could be introduced into aquatic systems when fish are released from hatcheries. Ribeiroia ondatrae was discovered in American bullfrog larvae at a warm-water fish hatchery in the southeastern United States (14).P972 Q 6-9 Passage1Title: Starting Points :Meeting the Needs of Our Youngest ChildrenChapter: The Quiet CrisisThe Quiet Crisiscross the United States, we are beginning to hear the rumblings of a quiet crisis. [See Quiet Crisis sidebar.] Our nation's children under the age of three and their families are in trouble, and their plight worsens every day.To be sure, the children themselves are not quiet; they arecrying out for help. And their parents' anxieties about inadequate child care and the high cost of their child's health care can be heard in kitchens, playgrounds, pediatricians' waiting rooms, and workplace cafeterias across the nation. But these sounds rarely become sound-bites. Babies seldom make the news: they do not commit crimes, do drugs, or drop out of school. We don't hear interviews with parents as they anguish over finding decent, affordable child care; we don't notice the unmet prenatal needs of expectant mothers. Policymakers are rarely forced to contend with these realities. And so, the problems of our youngest children and their parents remain a quiet crisis.Consider the state of America's youngest children and their families. In 1993 the National Educational Goals Panel reported that nearly half of our infants and toddlers start life at a disadvantage and do not have the supports necessary to grow and thrive. A significant number of children under three confront one or more major risk factors:1.Inadequate prenatal care. Nearly a quarter of all pregnant women in America, many of whom are adolescents, receive little or no prenatal care. Many of these pregnancies are unintended: the United States has one of the highest rates of unintended pregnancy in the industrialized world. The risk of delivering a low-birthweight baby with physical, behavioral, or intellectual difficulties is greater when a pregnancy is unplanned or when a woman does not receive adequate prenatal care.2.Isolated parents. More divorces, more single-parent families, and less familial and community support have made parents feel more isolated than ever before in raising their young children.3.Substandard child care. More than half of all mothersreturn to the workforce within a year of the baby'sbirth; many of their infants and toddlers spend thirty-five or more hours per week in substandard child care.4.Poverty. A quarter of families with children under age three live in poverty. The large majority of these families are headed by one parent, usually the mother. These families often live in unsafe neighborhoods and have poor access to quality child care, health services, or family support programs.5.Insufficient attention. Only half of infants and toddlers are routinely read to by their parents, and many parents give insufficient attention to their children's intellectual development. Teachers report that one in three American kindergartners arrives in school unprepared to learn.These numbers add up to a crisis that threatens not only the healthy development of children themselves but also our nation's well-being. The National Educational Goals Panel identified four key dimensions of school readiness, our nation's first education goal: physical well-being and motor development, social and emotional development, language usage, and the mastering of learning styles that allow children to approach new tasks and challenges effectively. Currently too many children are entering school not ready to learn, jeopardizing later academic achievement. If left unattended, this crisis will ultimately compromise our nation's economic strength and competitiveness. The Carnegie Task Force on Meeting the Needs of Young Children urges a national response to this quiet crisis. These early years are perhaps the most neglected. There are no clearly defined institutions such as preschools or schools to serve young children and their families. Health, educational, and social service agencies work independently and sometimes at cross-purposes. The problems are many, and massive; not one lends itself to a single solution. But the task force has proceeded from the assumption that, given sufficient focus and sufficient political will, America can begin to find its way toward solutions. Our nation can formulate and implement social policy that responds, over time, to the most urgent needs of our youngest children and their families. They need our compassion and our help, and we, as a nation, have an incalculable stake in their well-being.The Critical Importance of the First Three YearsThe first three years of life appear to be a crucial "starting point"--a period particularly sensitive to the protective mechanisms of parental and family support.[See Being Three sidebar.] Parents and experts have long known that how individuals function from the preschool years all the way through adolescence and even adulthood hinges, to a significant extent, on the experiences children have in their first three years. Babies raised by caring, attentive adults in safe, predictable environments are better learners than those raised with less attention in less secure settings. Recent scientific findings corroborate these observations. With the help of powerful new research tools, including sophisticated brain scans, scientists have studied the developing brain in greater detail than ever before. This research points to five key findings that should inform our nation's efforts to provide our youngest children with a healthy start: .................................... ..........................................Being Three: Milestones for Early Growth and Development For millennia, parents have recognized the newborn's basic need for safety, nourishment, warmth,and nurturing. Now science has added stunning revelations about human development from birth to age three, confirming that parentsand other adult caregivers play a critical role in influencing the child's development.The importance of the first three years of life lies in the pace at which the child is growingCompetent three-year-olds are1.Self-confident and trusting2.Intellectually inquisitive3.Able to use language to communicate4.Physically and mentally healthy5.Able to relate well to others6.Empathic toward othersThese attributes add up to a good start in life and learning.In no other period do such profound changes occur so rapidly: the newborn grows from a completely dependent human being into one who walks, talks, plays, and explores. The three-year-old is learning and, perhaps more important, is learning how to learn. At age three, children can--given good care and sufficient stimulation--attain a high degree of "competency."。
新托福TPO10阅读原文及译文(二)Variations in the Climate
新托福TPO10阅读原文(二):Variations in the ClimateTPO10-2：Variations in the ClimateOne of the most difficult aspects of deciding whether current climatic events reveal evidence of the impact of human activities is that it is hard to get a measure of what constitutes the natural variability of the climate. We know that over the past millennia the climate has undergone major changes without any significant human intervention. We also know that the global climate system is immensely complicated and that everything is in some way connected, and so the system is capable of fluctuating in unexpected ways. We need therefore to know how much the climate can vary of its own accord in order to interpret with confidence the extent to which recent changes are natural as opposed to being the result of human activities.Instrumental records do not go back far enough to provide us with reliable measurements of global climatic variability on timescales longer than a century. What we do know is that as we include longer time intervals, the record shows increasing evidence of slow swings in climate between different regimes. To build up a better picture of fluctuations appreciably further back in time requires us to use proxy records.Over long periods of time, substances whose physical and chemical properties change with the ambient climate at the time can be deposited in a systematic way to provide a continuous record of changes in those properties overtime, sometimes for hundreds or thousands of years. Generally, the layering occurs on an annual basis, hence the observed changes in the records can be dated. Information on temperature, rainfall, and other aspects of the climate that can be inferred from the systematic changes in properties is usually referred to as proxy data. Proxy temperature records have been reconstructed from ice core drilled out of the central Greenland ice cap, calcite shells embedded in layered lake sediments in Western Europe, ocean floor sediment cores from the tropical Atlantic Ocean, ice cores from Peruvian glaciers, andice cores from eastern Antarctica. While these records provide broadly consistent indications that temperature variations can occur on a global scale, there are nonetheless some intriguing differences, which suggest that the pattern of temperature variations in regional climates can also differ significantly from each other.What the proxy records make abundantly clear is that there have been significant natural changes in the climate over timescales longer than a few thousand years. Equally striking, however, is the relative stability of the climate in the past 10,000 years (the Holocene period).To the extent that the coverage of the global climate from these records can provide a measure of its true variability, it should at least indicate how all the natural causes of climate change have combined. These include the chaotic fluctuations of the atmosphere, the slower but equally erratic behavior of the oceans, changes in the land surfaces, and the extent of ice and snow. Also included will be any variations that have arisen from volcanic activity, solar activity, and, possibly, human activities.One way to estimate how all the various processes leading to climate variability will combine is by using computer models of the global climate. They can do only so much to represent the full complexity of the global climate and hence may give only limited information about natural variability. Studies suggest that to date the variability in computer simulations is considerably smaller than in data obtained from the proxy records.In addition to the internal variability of the global climate system itself, there is the added factor of external influences, such as volcanoes and solar activity. There is a growing body of opinion that both these physical variations have a measurable impact on the climate. Thus we need to be able to include these in our deliberations. Some current analyses conclude that volcanoes and solar activity explain quite a considerable amount of the observed variability in the period from the seventeenth tothe early twentieth centuries, but that they cannot be invoked to explain the rapid warming in recent decades.译文TPO10-2：气候变化要证实当前气候是否受到人类的影响，最困难的一方面是很难得到一种构成气候自然变化的方法。
新SATOG官方指南权威剖析
新SATOG官方指南权威剖析美国大学理事会(college board)于2015年6月30日发布了最新sat官方指南-the official SAT Study Guide.(俗称“OG”)和以往”OG”有所不一样的是，此次发布的是针对2016年3月以后的新SAT考试规则。
不难发现，新的SAT考试在时间分布，题型编排，阅读内容分析等诸多细节有着明显变化。
此次华联留学教学团队的权威专业的解析相信一定会给广大备考2016年3月以后的SAT学员有着不可估量的知道价值。
新版“OG”对2016年3月以后开始的新SAT考试内容进行了综述，期中包括改动的地方较大的8处地方，同时对新SAT的每个考试部分—reading(阅读)，wirting(写作) and languge(语法)，essay(作文)，math(数学)一一进行详细的说明，并配套例题说明，本书最后附了4套新SAT完整练习题。
需要说明的是，新SAT的“OG”对于各个部分如何统计分数，暂时没有提及。
此次发布的新版“OG”官方指南印刷版版本共计784页，通过目录可以看出：新版“OG”的第一部分可总结为本书以及SAT整体考试的简介，就是导入性的常规介绍。
对考生最有参考价值的信息经过我们整理，核心内容如下：新版“OG”对于新SAT考题结构布局如下：阅读部分：一个section，65分钟，52道题目;写作(语法和一篇选做的作文)：一个section，35分钟，44道题目;数学部分：2个section，80分钟，58道题目。
共计：180分钟(不含作文);230分钟(含作文)。
最新“OG”中针对新SAT八大主要改革内容进行一一的阐释，这八大方面分别是：1. 文本语境理解单词;2. 对证据的理解和运用;3. 分析性写作;4. 数学更贴合实际生活;5. 真实的社会情景;6. 文史社科多位分析;7. 美国建国文件及全球性议题;8. 第25页笑脸温馨提示广大考生：新SAT考试选项设置是4选1，而且选错答案不扣分!一大利好消息!在官方备考建议中，内容总结重点是希望广大考生注重阅读和词汇量积，多写多练，提高语言能力，熟悉新SAT考试等内容，同时为大家展示了各科目的大题目设置要求。
新SAT官方指南阅读第九篇全解析
新SAT官方指南阅读第九篇全解析This passage is adapted from Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s address to the1869Woman Suffrage Convention in Washington,DC.I urge a sixteenth amendment,because“manhood suffrage,”or a man’s government,is civil,religious,and social disorganization.The male element is a destructive force,stern,selfish,aggrandizing,loving war,violence,conquest,acquisition,breeding in the material and moralworld alike discord,disorder,disease,and death.See what a record of blood and cruelty the pages 5of history reveal!Through what slavery,slaughter,and sacrifice,through what inquisitions and imprisonments,pains and persecutions,black codes and gloomy creeds,thesoul of humanity has struggled for the centuries,while mercy has veiled her face and all hearts have been dead alike to love and hope!The male element has held high carnival thus far;it has fairly run riot from the beginning, 10overpowering the feminine element everywhere,crushing out all the diviner qualities in human nature,until we know but little of true manhood and womanhood,of the latter comparativelynothing,for it has scarce been recognized as a power until within the last century.Society is but the reflection of man himself,untempered by woman’s thought;the hard iron rule we feel alike in the church,the state,and the home.No one need wonder at the disorganization,at the fragmentary condition of everything,when we remember that man,who represents but half a complete being, 15with but half an idea on every subject,has undertaken the absolute control of all sublunarymatters.People object to the demands of those whom they choose to call the strong-minded,because they say“the right of suffrage will make the women masculine.”That is just the difficulty inwhich we are involved today.Though disfranchised,we have few women in the best sense;we 20have simply so many reflections,varieties,and dilutions of the masculine gender.The strong,natural characteristics of womanhood are repressed and ignored in dependence,for so long as man feeds woman she will try to please the giver and adapt herself to his condition.To keep a foothold in society,woman must be as near like man as possible,reflect his ideas,opinions,virtues,25motives,prejudices,and vices.She must respect his statutes,though they strip her of everyinalienable right,and conflict with that higher law written by the finger of God on her ownsoul.......[M]an has been molding woman to his ideasby direct and positive influences,while she, if not a negation,has used indirect means to control him,and in most cases developed the verycharacteristics both in him and herself that needed repression.And now man himself stands30appalled at the results of his own excesses,and mourns in bitterness that falsehood,selfishness, and violence are the law of life.The need of this hour is not territory,gold mines,railroads,orspecie payments but a new evangel of womanhood,to exalt purity,virtue,morality,true religion, to lift man up into the higher realms of thought and action.We ask woman’s enfranchisement,as 35the first step toward the recognition of that essential element in government that can only secure the health,strength and prosperity of the nation.Whatever is done to lift woman to her trueposition will help to usher in a new day of peace and perfection for the race.In speaking of the masculine element,I do not wish to be understood to say that all men are hard,selfish,and brutal,for many of the most beautiful spirits the world has known have been40clothed with manhood;but I refer to those characteristics,though often marked in woman,thatdistinguish what is called the stronger sex.For example,the love of acquisition and conquest,the very pioneers of civilization,when expended on the earth,the sea,the elements,the riches andforces of nature,are powers of destruction when used to subjugate one man to another or tosacrifice nations to ambition.Here that great conservator of woman’s love,if permitted to assert itself,as it naturally would 45in freedom against oppression,violence,and war,would hold all these destructive forces in check, for woman knows the cost of life better than man does,and not with her consent would one drop of blood ever be shed,one life sacrificed in vain.33.The central problem that Stanton describes in the passage is that women have beenA)denied equal educational opportunities,which has kept them from reaching their potential.B)prevented from exerting their positive influence on men,which has led to societal breakdown.C)prevented from voting,which has resulted in poor candidates winning important elections.D)blocked by men from serving as legislators,which has allowed the creation of unjust laws.正确答案：B分析：文章前3个段落讲述到：男性管理社会造成了社会的分裂和无序，并进而提到社会需要女性来参与管理。
新SAT阅读官方详题解析
新SAT阅读官方详题解析阅读在SAT考试中占有重要比例，所以在解答阅读题时，一定要仔细，切记将个人猜想或者个人判断随意选择，否则一不小心就偏离文章的中心。
下面文都国际教育小编给大家搜集了新SAT阅读官方详题解析，希望对大家的备考有所帮助。
材料：The Official SAT Study Guide试卷：2页数：457题号：18Questions 11-21 are based on the following passage and supplementary material. This passage is adapted from Iain King, “Can Economics Be Ethical?”©2013 by Prospect Publishing.These human quirks mean we can never make purely “rational” decisions. A new wave of behavioral economists, aided by neuroscientists, is trying to understand our psychology, both alone and in groups, so they can anticipate our decisions in the marketplace more accurately. But psychology can also help us understand why we react in disgust at economic injustice, or accept a moral law as universal. Which means that the relatively new science of human behavior might also define ethics for us. Ethical economics would then emerge from one of the least likely places: economists themselves.18. The main idea of the final paragraph is thatA) human quirks make it difficult to predict people’s ethical decisions accurately.B) people universally react with disgust when faced with economic injustice.C) understanding human psychology may help to define ethics in economics.D) economists themselves will be responsible for reforming the free market.答案: C答案解析: 本题问的是结尾段(lines 83-88) 的中心思想。
新sat样题阅读解析
CollegeBoard官方新SAT样题阅读部分解析此次CollegeBoard发布的新SAT阅读样题包括3种题材5篇文章，其中Literature1有1篇，Science有2篇，Social & historical study有2篇。
本文将就其中Literature和Science这两类文章进行解析。
首先来看Literature这篇文章，考察重点是人物描写和人物关系（可参考2009年5月真题“An escaped governess”）。
对照老SAT相关题型和考点发现，这5道题目中只有第4题是新题型，考查的是文本依据（citing textual evidence），这种题目要求在文中找出支持上一题答案的依据，目的是引导学生有理有据地解读原文，非常符合新SAT阅读改革的大方向：Evidence-based reading.其余四个题目在考点设计上与旧SAT类似，只是选项由旧SAT的五个减少为四个，且答错不再倒扣分。
【文章大意】Mattie Silver是Ethan家的年轻女佣，这篇文章讲述了男主人Ethan对这位女佣的感情。
第一段，Ethan初见Mattie时就喜欢上了她，觉得她给自己原本冷清的生活带来了活力。
第二段，Ethan觉得自己对自然美景有一种常人无法理解的感伤情绪。
而当他和Mattie 在一起时，他觉得终于有人能够跟他心灵相通，做他的知己。
第三段，Ethan看到社交场合的Mattie，才意识到他原本以为Mattie只有跟他在一起时才会流露的感情和动作，其实并非他独有，而自己居然以为她真的对自己无聊的谈话感兴趣。
【题目解析】Question 1.Over the course of the passage, the main focus of the narrative shifts from theA. reservations a character has about a person he has just met to a growing appreciation that character has of the person’s worth.B. ambivalence a character feels about his sensitive nature to the character’s recognition of the advantages of having profound emotions.C. intensity of feeling a character has for another person to the character’s concern that that intensity is not reciprocated.D. value a character attaches to the wonders of the natural world to a rejection of that sort of beauty in favor of human artistry.答案：C解析：前两段是Ethan对Mattie的强烈感情，第三段Ethan意识到这种感情其实只是自己一厢情愿，并不是相互的。
SAT-OG阅读翻译第二版Text1-10(重要!)
Test 1P391第一篇短文章狂风呼啸着、低吟着,以每小时50 英里的速度划过基特峰上的望远镜弧顶。
几英尺以下,滑动着一整天都在起起伏伏的一片云海,此刻正在暮色中变得灰淡。
高处,海尔波普彗星像一个羽毛般的鱼饵悬挂在天空,它的尾巴稍稍弯曲,就好像是被这严酷的寒风吹到了一旁。
星星在渐暗的夜空中一颗一颗的眨眼,闪烁着。
不远处,野马们在漫步走过,漫步游荡。
它们都没有扫一眼天空中海尔波普彗星游丝般的痕迹,也没有看一眼这晴朗夜空的壮丽景象,不管有没有彗星,有彗星,或是没有。
做人的感觉真好！第二篇短文章1843 年,Ada K ing 发表了一套很有影响力的笔记,笔记的内容是关于查尔斯·巴比奇的“分析机”的概念-‐-‐-‐这是第一次关于自动操作计算机的设计,其中的内容包括了叫做伯努利数的关于计算机编程的一系列数字计算方法,这些理论也确立了他在计算机领域的重要地位。
然而,她壮丽的人生和显赫的出生（她是著名诗人拜伦的女儿）以及在她在计算机领域扮演的女性先驱的角色都使得她成为一个偶像。
许多的小说,戏剧,电影等都是以她为原型的。
虽然有很多女性为了计算机技术的发展做出了贡献,但只有Ada K ing 拥有以她的名字命名的计算机语言,即Ada。
P392 单长篇以下章节选自1999 年的一篇回忆录,作者是一个美洲黑人妇女和一个刚果男人的儿子,他曾经在美国和非洲都生活过,他是在马萨诸塞州的波士顿和塔桑尼亚的首都达累斯萨拉姆长大的。
在此,他向我们阐述了他关于美洲黑人和非洲黑人历史关系的观点。
在刚果,有一则谚语是这么说的,“一棵树没有了根就无法站立”。
这在现在看来是显而易见的常识,因为在我们这个真正有见解的真理都已经被说过的年代,因为在我们这个时代,都自认为无所不知,,许多东西都已经成为了陈词滥调。
但是所有的陈词滥调都起源于他们对于真理的坚持,创造这一谚语的先辈就是在向他的后人们传递这样一个清晰而有力的信息,一个民族, 如果不知道其过去存在的根源是无法繁荣兴旺的。
新sat阅读题型图表题解析
新sat阅读题型图表题解析随着新SAT考纲、样题、官方指南等的陆续发布，新SAT题目揭开了神秘面纱，其中阅读版块增加了全新的题型—循证题和图表题，本篇文章就来详细解读一下图表题到底是什么。
题目设置意义美国的新课标中(CCSS)，给全美国的高中生阅读能力提出了10条明确标准，其中第7条为“Integrate and evaluate content presented in diverse formats and media, including visually and quantitatively, as well as words.”看似高大上，其实是要求学生能够看懂各种形式的信息的，比如视频的、图片的、图表的、文字的等等。
而抱美国新课标大腿的新SAT考试，在考纲中的阅读版块也要求了这样一个能力点“Analyzing quantitative information: The students will analyze information presented quantitatively in such forms as graphs, tables, and charts and/or relate that information to information presented in text.”意思就是你需要看懂各种图表(柱形哒，饼形哒，表格哒等等)，还得会根据图表和文章内容来作答……为什么美国新课标和新SAT都这么要求呢?其实是想让学生培养分析数据及整合信息的能力，以便在大学能更高效地学习。
大家听说过，在美国大学学习中，学生需要大量搜集、阅读和理解各种形式的文章和信息，通过这一过程来学习和理解知识。
但别怕，其实我们在初高中的时候也接触到了，想想我们学习过的数学、地理、物理、化学等学科知识，虽然不堪回首，但课本上各种图表、图片和数据，与课本中的知识相结合，让我们高冷的课本“暖”了起来。
《新sat阅读介绍》课件
3 要求和注意事项
了解SAT阅读考试的要求 和注意事项，如答题技巧、 阅读速度等。
策略与技巧：SAT阅读
1
策略概述
掌握SAT阅读的整体策略，如文章整体理解、题目顺序等。
2
技巧介绍
掌握SAT阅读的技巧，如理解文章结构、细节分析与题目信息利用。
复习方法和技巧
掌握有效的复习方法和技巧，如刷题技巧、笔记 整理等。
考前心理调整建议
掌握考前心理调整的方法，保持冷静和自信。
总结
以上是新SAT阅读介绍PPT大纲，希望对大家备考SAT阅读有所帮助！
实ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ演练：SAT阅读
样题分析
通过分析真实的SAT阅读样题，掌握解题思路与方 法。
真题解析
深入剖析历年来的考试真题，了解SAT阅读考试的 难点与解题技巧。
备考建议：SAT阅读
备考计划制定
制定合理的备考计划，分配时间和资源，提高备 考效率。
常见错误避免
避免常见的备考错误，如急躁心态、不注意细节 等。
《新SAT阅读介绍》PPT课件
## 新SAT阅读介绍PPT大纲 ### 一、SAT阅读概述 - SAT阅读内容和题型介绍 - SAT阅读考试时间和分数分配 - SAT阅读考试要求和注意事项
概述：新SAT阅读
1 内容和题型介绍
了解SAT阅读的考试内容 和题型，如文章类型、图 表解析等。
2 考试时间和分数分配
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新SAT官方指南阅读第十篇全解析This passage is adapted from Geoffrey Giller,“Long a Mystery,How500-Meter-High Undersea Waves Form Is Revealed.”©2014by Scientific American.Some of the largest ocean waves in the world are nearly impossible to see.Unlike other large waves,these rollers,called internal waves,do not ride the ocean surface.Instead,they moveunderwater,undetectable without the use of satellite imagery or sophisticated monitoringequipment.Despite their hidden nature,internal waves are fundamental parts of ocean water5dynamics,transferring heat to the ocean depths and bringing up cold water from below.And they can reach staggering heights—some as tall as skyscrapers.Because these waves are involved in ocean mixing and thus the transfer of heat, understanding them is crucial to global climate modeling,says Tom Peacock,a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.Most models fail to take internal waves into account.“If 10we want to have more and more accurate climate models,we have to be able to capture processes such as this,”Peacock says.Peacock and his colleagues tried to do just that.Their study,published in November in Geophysical Research Letters,focused on internal waves generated in the Luzon Strait,whichseparates Taiwan and the Philippines.Internal waves in this region,thought to be some of thelargest in the world,can reach about500meters high.“That’s the same height as the Freedom15Tower that’s just been built in New York,”Peacock says.Although scientists knew of this phenomenon in the South China Sea and beyond,they didn’t know exactly how internal waves formed.To find out,Peacock and a team of researchers fromM.I.T.and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution worked with France’s National Center for20Scientific Research using a giant facility there called the Coriolis Platform.The rotating platform, about15meters(49.2feet)in diameter,turns at variable speeds and can simulate Earth’s rotation.It also has walls,which means scientists can fill it with water and create accurate,large-scalesimulations of various oceanographic scenarios.Peacock and his team built a carbon-fiber resin scale model of the Luzon Strait,including the 25islands and surrounding ocean floor topography.Then they filled the platform with water ofvarying salinity to replicate the different densities found at the strait,with denser,saltier waterbelow and lighter,less briny water above.Small particles were added to the solution andilluminated with lights from below in order to track how the liquid moved.Finally,they re-created tides using two large plungers to see how the internal waves themselves formed.30The Luzon Strait’s underwater topography,with a distinct double-ridge shape,turns out to be responsible for generating the underwater waves.As the tide rises and falls and water movesthrough the strait,colder,denser water is pushed up over the ridges into warmer,less dense layers above it.This action results in bumps of colder water trailed by warmer water that generate aninternal wave.As these waves move toward land,they become steeper—much the same way35waves at the beach become taller before they hit the shore—until they break on a continental shelf.The researchers were also able to devise a mathematical model that describes the movement and formation of these waves.Whereas the model is specific to the Luzon Strait,it can still help researchers understand how internal waves are generated in other places around the world.Eventually,this information will be incorporated into global climate models,making them more 40accurate.“It’s very clear,within the context of these[global climate]models,that internal waves play a role in driving ocean circulations,”Peacock says.43.The first paragraph serves mainly toA)explain how a scientific device is used.B)note a common misconception about an event.C)describe a natural phenomenon and address its importance.D)present a recent study and summarize its findings.正确答案：C分析：文章第一个段落，作者介绍了一种现象叫内部波浪（internal waves）,而且解释了它们为什么重要。
44.As used in line11,“capture”is closest in meaning toA)control.B)record.C)secure.D)absorb.正确答案：B分析：文章当中，研究者Tom Peacock认为，为了创造准确的全球气候模型，科学家必须有能力记录内部波浪的形成过程。
Capture在这是记录的意思。
45.According to Peacock,the ability to monitor internal waves is significant primarily becauseA)it will allow scientists to verify the maximum height of such waves.B)it will allow researchers to shift their focus to improving the quality of satellite images.C)the study of wave patterns will enable regions to predict and prevent coastal damage.D)the study of such waves will inform the development of key scientific models.正确答案：D分析：文章中，Tom Peacock认为科学家需要记录内部波浪形成过程可以发展更加准确的气候模型。