跨文化chapter2
chapter 2跨文化交际
Receiver response（信息接收者反应）:The receiver is the person who
response of which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning.
Context（情境）: The final component of communication is context.
Chapter 3 Communication
c. Communication is symbolic（符号性的）
Symbols are central to the communication process because they represent the shared meanings that are communicated. Symbols are vehicle by which the thoughts and ideas of one person can be communicated to anther person.
Noise （干扰）
The term noise technically refers to anything that distorts the message the source encodes.
Noise can be of many forms: Chapter 3 Communication
大学跨文化英语综合教程2u2作文
大学跨文化英语综合教程2u2作文Cross-Cultural English Integrated Course 2u2 EssayThe field of cross-cultural communication has become increasingly important in today's globalized world. As individuals from diverse cultural backgrounds interact more frequently in academic, professional, and social settings, the ability to effectively navigate these intercultural exchanges is crucial. This essay will explore the key aspects of cross-cultural communication and the benefits of incorporating a cross-cultural approach into English language education.One of the fundamental aspects of cross-cultural communication is the recognition and understanding of cultural differences. Every culture has its own set of values, beliefs, and norms that shape the way individuals perceive and interact with the world around them. These cultural differences can manifest in various ways, such as communication styles, nonverbal behaviors, and approaches to problem-solving. Effective cross-cultural communication requires the ability to identify and appreciate these differences, rather thanmaking assumptions or judgments based on one's own cultural lens.In the context of English language education, a cross-cultural approach can provide students with the necessary skills and knowledge to navigate diverse linguistic and cultural environments. By exposing students to a range of cultural perspectives and communication styles, they can develop a more nuanced understanding of the English language and its use in various contexts. This not only enhances their linguistic competence but also fosters intercultural competence, enabling them to communicate effectively with individuals from different cultural backgrounds.Moreover, a cross-cultural approach to English language education can have significant benefits for students' personal and professional development. In today's interconnected world, the ability to communicate effectively across cultures is highly valued in a wide range of fields, from business and international relations to academia and the arts. By incorporating cross-cultural communication into the curriculum, students can gain a competitive edge in the job market and be better prepared to succeed in their future endeavors.One key aspect of a cross-cultural English language curriculum is the inclusion of authentic materials and resources that reflect diverse cultural perspectives. This can include literature, films, news articles, and other media that showcase the richness and complexity ofdifferent cultural traditions and communication styles. By engaging with these materials, students can develop a deeper understanding of the cultural context in which the English language is used, and learn to navigate the nuances of cross-cultural communication.Additionally, a cross-cultural approach to English language education should emphasize the development of intercultural competence. This involves the ability to recognize and respect cultural differences, to communicate effectively with individuals from diverse backgrounds, and to adapt one's communication style and behavior to suit the cultural context. By focusing on these skills, students can become more adept at navigating the challenges and opportunities presented by cross-cultural interactions.Another important aspect of a cross-cultural English language curriculum is the incorporation of collaborative learning and group activities. By working in diverse teams, students can learn to navigate the complexities of cross-cultural communication, develop empathy and understanding for different perspectives, and practice the skills necessary for effective collaboration in a globalized world.Furthermore, a cross-cultural approach to English language education should also address the role of language in the construction and expression of cultural identity. As students explore the relationship between language and culture, they can gain adeeper appreciation for the ways in which language shapes and is shaped by cultural norms and values. This understanding can not only enhance their linguistic skills but also foster a greater respect for cultural diversity and a commitment to intercultural understanding.In conclusion, the incorporation of a cross-cultural approach into English language education is crucial in today's globalized world. By exposing students to diverse cultural perspectives, developing their intercultural competence, and emphasizing the relationship between language and culture, educators can equip students with the skills and knowledge necessary to navigate the complexities of cross-cultural communication. This, in turn, can lead to greater personal and professional success, as well as a more just and equitable global society.。
跨文化交际导论(英文版)(第二版) Chapter 2 communication and culture
The Selected Scene ---Conflicts Across Border
Task:
(1) Is there an effective communication between Santiago and the police?
(2) What caused the conflicts between them and how to avoid such conflicts?
Decode
Physical
Message Channel
Channel Message Feedback
Encode Receiver
Encode
Reasons for Misunderstanding
Encoding & Decoding
Not all communication could
Section 2 1. Basics of Communication
Warm-up questions
What is communication? How would two people in love let each
other know about their feelings? How many Chinese words can you
通信
传通
1.1 Definition of Communication
Communication
Latin word “communicare”
Act and process of sending and receiving messages among people
Means of Communication
跨文化chapter2
• It leads to a subjective evaluation of how another cusiness.
6. culture is subject to change
• As ideas and products evolve within a culture, they can produce change through mechanism of invention and diffusion or borrowing from another culture.
Geert Hofstede
• The collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another. • Culture is “software of the mind”.
4. cultures are interrelated wholes
• Cultures are coherent and logical systems, the parts of which are to a degree interrelated. • Hall: you touch a culture in one
Culture is like an onion.
values rituals仪式 heroes Symbols
practices
Symbols
• Symbols refers to words, gestures, pictures, or objects that carry a particular meaning only recognized by those who share the culture. • The most superficial and the easiest to perceive by an outsider, the least important to an insider.
跨文化交际Chapter 2 Kluchhohn27s five dimentions及应用
human nature
• The first: evil but perfectible.
• The traditional Western belief about human nature is that humans are basically evil.
• We see this in the Bible story of Adam and Eve. God throws them out of the Garden of Eden because they ate the fruit from the Tree of Knowledge.
• Shame culture and guilt culture
Hanfeitze
• A philosopher of the “legalist school”, lived about three centuries after Confucius.
• He maintains that we should not expect people to be good, but we should make it impossible for them to be bad.
Third: Mastery over nature.
•
In industrialized societies, people tend to believe that nature
should be made to serve mankind. You can take whatever you like
• Since then, according to Christian teaching, all human beings have have been born with original sin. That means they do evil as part of their nature and can only be saved from evil by God. (Perfect human nature by keeping doing good things.) (more)
跨文化交际Unit-2第二讲PPT课件
2021/3/12
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Chapter 1 Culture and Intercultural Communication
(3) What conflicts does this case show?
• This case shows the conflicts of
Host
Guest
Man
woman
2021/3/12
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Chapter 1 Culture and Intercultural Communication
• Americans expect other people to also be selfreliant, and while Americans are often quite willing to help those they consider in genuine need.
• (1) Retell the story in your group.
• (2) Why do you think the professor became
annoyed? Use the “possibility” words of “very
likely”, “likely”, “almost certainly”, “virtually
Yong Chinese
2021/3/12
Old Canadian
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Chapter 1 Culture and Intercultural Communication
必须掌握的单词和词组
• Irritable, grouchy, episode, refusal (n.) • Self-reliance hunch, perspectives • obligation
unit 2 跨文化交际
第七页，编辑于星期日：十四点 五十八分。
1
1
Chapter 2: Becoming aware
• 5. Contact between cultures
• When people come in contact with other cultures, they interpret the unfamiliar culture according to the meaning system of their home culture, that is, in terms of their own world and culture.
• Level 4: The different culture is believable as lived experience.
第九页，编辑于星期日：十四点 五十八分。
• To a Chinese, culture is a treasure of great works and cultural achievements.
第五页，编辑于星期日：十四点 五十八分。
1
1
Chapter 2: Becoming aware
• 3. Characteristics of culture
• The most usual meaning is that culture refers to people’s customs and behaviቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱr.
第二页，编辑于星期日：十四点 五十八分。
1
1
Chapter 2: Becoming aware
• Culture is like an iceberg. • Culture is our software. • Culture is like the water a fish swims in. • Culture is the stories we tell ourselves
跨文化交际Chapter 2
Culture is adaptive
Culture is adaptive
Culture is adaptive
Metaphors of culture --- culture is like an iceberg
Metaphors of culture --- culture is like an iceberg
Definitions of Culture
Historically, “culture” derives from Latin word “colere”. Culture usually refers to sth that derives from or created by the intervention of humans ----- culture is cultivated. No less than 164 definitions of culture (Kroeber and Kluckhohn, 1952);
• Culture is ongoing and subject to change; • Culture seldom remain constant; • They can produce change through the mechanisms of invention and diffusion. • Culture changed also because of (1) laws, (2) shifts in values, (3) natural disasters, (4) wars, or other calamities. The most significant is (5) economic change. • “Change” involves adaptation.
大学跨文化英语综合教程2u2作文
Cross-Cultural Communication in theUniversity ContextIn the globalized world of today, cross-cultural communication has become an integral part of university education, particularly in the field of English language learning. As students from diverse cultural backgrounds converge on campus, the importance of understanding and respecting cultural differences becomes paramount. This essay explores the challenges and opportunities of cross-cultural communication in the university setting, focusing on the experiences and learnings from "University Intercultural English Integrated Course 2 Unit 2."Firstly, cross-cultural communication presents a unique set of challenges to university students. Language barriers can often lead to misunderstandings and awkward situations. For instance, directness in communication may be valued in some cultures, while indirectness is preferred in others. Understanding these nuances of cultural communication is crucial for effective interpersonal interactions.Moreover, the diverse range of cultural values and beliefs can pose significant challenges. Concepts that areconsidered taboo or inappropriate in one culture may be commonplace in another. It is, therefore, essential for university students to develop a sense of cultural sensitivity and awareness to avoid offending or embarrassing others.However, despite these challenges, cross-cultural communication also offers invaluable opportunities for personal growth and intellectual development. Interacting with people from different cultures broadens one's perspective and enhances understanding of the world's diversity. It cultivates a global mindset that is essential for success in today's interconnected world.The "University Intercultural English Integrated Course 2 Unit 2" provides a platform for exploring these challenges and opportunities. Through a variety ofactivities and discussions, it encourages students to reflect on their own cultural biases and assumptions. It also equips them with the skills and knowledge necessary to navigate cross-cultural interactions gracefully and confidently.In conclusion, cross-cultural communication is an essential skill for university students in the 21st century. While it presents unique challenges, it also offers remarkable opportunities for personal and intellectual growth. By embracing diversity and fostering a culture of inclusivity, universities can prepare their students to become global citizens who are capable of effective cross-cultural communication.**跨文化交流在大学环境中的重要性**在全球化日益盛行的今天，跨文化交流已成为大学教育的重要组成部分，尤其是在英语学习领域。
chapter 2跨文化交际贾玉新
The process of learning to be an anthropocosmic person
What do we need under today’s multi linguistic society? P28
intercultural communications
intercultural communications
❓
a commonly shared future
a commonly shared future
a global communicative and dialogic ethic
genuine intercultural dialogue
anybody • dynamic:rather than static
“Learning to be human” process
self-as-center relationship
• the human self embraces social and moral responsibilities and obligations for other, the world,and the cosmos.
• independence • autonomy • dichotomy
仁: a continuous, holistic and dynamic way of learning to be human P24-25
• continuous: always on the way of learning to be human • holistic: embracing the whole of humanity, do not exclude
大学英语跨文化交际 chapter2
Chapter 2 Communication and InterculturalCommunicationI. Teaching ObjectivesIn this chapter, the teacher should enable the students to:1. know different definitions of communication.2. identify nine components of communication.3. identify the characteristics of communication.4. know the relationship between culture and communication.5. know the definition of intercultural communication.6. identify the 4 forms of intercultural communication.II. Contents1. Keywords(1) Sender/Source: A sender/source is the person who transmits a message.（信息发出者/信息源：信息发出者/信息源指传递信息的人。
）(2) Message: A message is any signal that triggers the response of a receiver.（信息：信息指引起信息接受者反应的任何信号。
）(3) Encoding: It refers to the activity during which the sender must choose certain words or nonverbal methods to send an intentional message. （编码：编码指信息发出者选择言语或用非言语的方式发出有目的的信息的行为。
大学英语跨文化交际chapter2 Communication and Intercultural Communication
Learning objectives:
Communication and Intercultural Communication
Communication
Characteristics of Communication
Culture and Communication
Interቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱultural Communication
Eastern perspective of communication
Definitions of communication from many Asian countries stress harmony, which is most notable in cultures with a Confucian tradition. Eastern cultures’ understanding would define communication as a process where all parties are searching to develop and maintain a social relationship.
b. Communication is systematic
（系统性的）
Communication does not occur in isolation or in a vacuum, but rather is part of a larger system. We send and receive messages not in isolation, but in a specific setting. Setting and environment help determine the words and actions we generate. Dress, language, topic selection, and the like are all adapted to context.
跨文化商务沟通chapter 2PPT课件
Байду номын сангаас
Geert Hofstede
▪ The collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another.
▪ Culture is “software of the mind”.
5
From Intellectual Perspective
▪ Culture is “the arts and other manifestations of human intellectual achievement regarded collectively”.
6
From Anthropologic Perspective
12
Edward T. Hall
▪ Culture is the total accumulation of beliefs, customs, values, behaviors, institutions and communication patterns that are shared, learned and passed down through the generations in an identifiable group of people.
▪ Culture is “the customs, civilizations, and achievements of a particular time or people”.
7
Edward Tylor
▪ Culture…is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.
跨文化交际Chapter 2
• V.
• •
Value dimensions
Kluckhohn’ five basic dimensions Hofstede’s dimensions
(the origi
Individualism and collectivism
• According to cross-cultural theorists, individualism and collectivism are basic clusters of values and assumptions（Something taken for granted or accepted as true without proof; a supposition）. Western individualism has been traced to the philosophy of liberalism, the fundamental assumption being that each human is a rational being capable of making well-organized choices and thus deserving the right to live his/her own life guided only by principles such as equality and noninterference. And Eastern collectivism is tied to Confucianism, which takes pride of place to social order and harmony. “All individuals are conceived to be linked in a web of interrelatedness … and … embedded and situated in particular roles and stations.” No culture is completely individualist or collectivist. Rather cultures vary in the mix of values they espouse (support, adopt), with some accepting more individualist notions, and others orienting more toward collectivist values. Nevertheless, most English-speaking countries tend to view the world from a relatively individualist perspective, while Chinese tends to be more collectivist.
跨文化交际第2章
Connotational meaning (隐含意义)
Example: The Color of Red In Chinese red implies “happy, joyous, auspicious, flourishing.” The Chinese use red lanterns, red antithetical couplets, red dresses, red candles, red flowers and the like when we are in celebration. In English, red is usually associated with sth. undesirable, e.g., “red flags” denotes “danger”, “in the red” means “deficit in finance.”
Strength Faith Truth
Arabic countries
Business Implications
International businesspersons may encounter problems with such connotational meanings of colors. International marketers need to know what associations certain culture has in terms of colors and how they might affect product design, packaging, and advertising messages.
Word Meaning and Culture
跨文化交际实训课件Chapter-2
Language and culture 语言和文化
I. Verbal Communication 言语交际
High-context and Low-context language
高语境和低语境语言
High Context Less verbally explicit communication, less written/formal information More internalized understandings of what is communicated Multiple cross-cutting ties and intersections with others Long term relationships Strong boundaries- who is accepted as belonging vs. who is considered an "outsider" Knowledge is situational, relational. Decisions and activities focus around personal face-to-face relationships, often around a central person who has authority. Examples: Small religious congregations, a party with friends, family gatherings, expensive gourmet restaurants and neighborhood restaurants with a regular clientele, undergraduate on-campus friendships, regular pick-up games, hosting a friend in your home overnight.
跨文化交际chapter2
Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication
Culture and Communication
The metaphor of the journey and the map can help us understand the relationship between culture and communication. Cultures are both the maps of a place (the rules and conventions) and the journeys that take place there (actual practices).
Western ethics
•Autonomy
Being free to act consistent with one’ own principles.
•Justice
Impartiality(公正, 公平) ; giving each person his or her legitimate（合法的）due or portion of the whole.
Chapter 4 Intercultural Communication
b. Intracultural communication
Intracultural communication is defined as communication between and among members of the same culture. Generally, people who are of the same race, political persuasion, and religion or who share the same interests communicate intraculturally.