aldehydes in exhaled breath of patients with lung cancer
医学伦理学专业英语词汇选编
医学伦理学专业英语词汇选编abdominal adj.腹部的abomination n.憎恨, 厌恶, 可憎的事物adjuvant adj.辅佐的n.助理员Advisory adj.顾问的, 咨询的, 劝告的anaesthetist n.麻醉师analgesic adj.止痛的, 不痛的n.[医]止痛剂Artificial insemination 人工授精auxiliary adj.辅助的, 补助的bereaved adj.丧失的bereavement n.(亲人)丧亡chaplain n.(私人、社团、医院、监狱、贵族、私人教堂、军中等的)牧师Chemotherapy n.化学疗法competent adj.有能力的, 胜任的considerable adj.相当大(或多)的, 值得考虑的, 相当可观的cornerstone n.墙角石, 基础culture n.文化, 文明declaration n.宣布, 宣言, 声明deterioration n.变坏, 退化, 堕落determination n.决心, 果断deviation n.背离discipline n.纪律, 学科v.训练distress n.悲痛, 穷困, 不幸, 危难, 忧伤v.使悲痛, 使穷困, 使忧伤donation 捐献dying adj.垂死的electro-shock therapy n. 电休克疗法，电休克治疗emen n.精液, 精子emotional adj.情绪的, 情感的ethic n.道德规范, 伦理euthanasia n.安乐死exaggerate v.夸大, 夸张expertise n.专家的意见, 专门技术extravagant adj.奢侈的, 浪费的, 过分的, 放纵的facility n.容易, 简易, 灵巧, 熟练, 便利, 敏捷, 设备, 工具Feudal System 封建体系geographical adj.地理学的, 地理的grapple v.格斗hospice n.临终关怀，安息所，养护院hypotonic adj.[医]张力减退的, 低渗的iatrogenic adj.因医生的治疗而引起的，医源性的immunization n.使免除, 使免疫in charge adv.主管, 看管, 在...看管下indelible adj.去不掉的, 不能拭除的infanticide n.杀婴, 杀婴者infertility n.不肥沃, 不毛，不育innovation n.改革, 创新insemination n.授精, 播种integrate vt.使成整体, 使一体化, 求...的积分v.结合Intensive adj.强烈的, 精深的, 透彻的, [语法]加强语气的n.加强器interpretation n.解释, 阐明, 口译, 通译intestinal adj.肠的, 肠内的, (疾病)侵袭肠的ionize vt.使离子化vi.电离Jehovah Witnesses n.耶和华（犹太教神名的基督教读法）作证派Judaism n.犹太教malignant adj.恶性的Medical Ethics 医学伦理学Medication n.药物治疗, 药物处理, 药物mental adj.精神的, 智力的methodical adj.有方法的, 有系统的milieu n.周围, 环境monitor n.班长, 监听器, 监视器, 监控器vt.监控v.监控monopoly n.垄断, 垄断者, 专利权, 专利事业morbidity n.病态, 不健全, 发病率normally adv.正常地, 通常地obstruction n.阻塞, 妨碍, 障碍物oncologist n.肿瘤学家，肿瘤医生oncology n.肿瘤学paediatric adj.[医]儿科的, 儿科医学的palliation n.减轻palliative adj.减轻的n.辩解pass on v.去世, 传递passage n.通过, 经过, 通道, 通路, (一)段, (一)节patent n.专利权, 执照, 专利品adj.特许的, 专利的, 显著的, 明白的, 新奇的vt.取得...的专利权, 请准专利personality n.个性, 人格, 人物, 名人, (用复数)诽谤、人身攻击pharmaceutic adj.配药学的, 调药的Pharmacy n.药房, 药剂学, 配药业, 制药业, 一批备用药品Physician/Patient Relationship 医患关系Placebo n.为死者所诵的晚祷词, 安慰剂poliomyelitis n.小儿麻痹症, 急性骨髓灰白质炎Population Policy 人口政策prefer vt.更喜欢, 宁愿Pregnancy n.怀孕psychiatrist n.精神病医师, 精神病学家psychiatry n.精神病学, 精神病治疗法psychogeriatrics [复] n.[用作单] [医]老年精神病学psychopathy n.精神变态, 心理变态psychopharmacology n.精神( 病) 药理学psychotherapy n.精神疗法, 心理疗法psychotropic adj.(药物)作用于精神的radiation n.发散, 发光, 发热, 辐射, 放射, 放射线, 放射物radiotherapist n.放射线治疗医师radiotherapy n.放射线疗法reassign vt.再分配，再指定relief n.(痛苦等的)减轻, (债务等的)免除, 救济, 调剂, 安慰, 浮雕, 地貌respiratory adj.呼吸的reversal n.颠倒, 反转, 反向, 逆转, 撤销Self- Medication自疗seminar n.研究会, 讨论发表会Sex Education 性教育sexual adj.性的, 性别的, [生]有性的Sexually Transmitted Disease 性传播疾病Shinto n.日本之神道教,1945年前为日本国教Situational Ethics 境遇伦理学Social Work Ethics 社会工作伦理Social Worker 社会工作者spina bifida n. 脊柱裂Spiritual Healing 精神康复step back 进入毫无意义的地位Sterilization n.杀菌, 绝育suicide n.自杀, 自毁, 给自己带来伤害或损失的行为symptom n.[医][植]症状, 征兆take over v.把...从一地带到另一地, 接收, 接管terminal n.终点站, 终端, 接线端adj.末期, 每期的, 每学期的terminology n.术语学therapeutic adj.治疗的, 治疗学的n.治疗剂, 治疗学家transmit vt.传输, 转送, 传达, 传导, 发射, 遗传, 传播vi.发射信号, 发报trauma n.[医] 外伤, 损伤undertake vt.承担, 担任, 许诺, 保证v.采取variation n.变更, 变化, 变异, 变种, [音]变奏, 变调Vital adj.生死攸关的, 重大的, 生命的, 生机的, 至关重要的, 所必需的ward n. 守卫, 保卫, 保护, 牢房, 病房, 行政区, 监护, 锁孔vt.守护, 保卫, 防止, 挡住, 躲开, 避免历史上的医学伦理医患关系Physician/Patient Relationship希波克拉底誓言oath of hippocrates严禁对病人的一切毒害和妄为I will keep them from harm and injustice绝对命令Absolute order孔子Confucius孔孟之道the theory of Confucius and Mencius仁Kindheartedness仁爱Love仁爱原则Principle of love人类尊严原理Principle of human dignity儒家伦理The ethics of Confucian school内省Introspection良心conscience道德行为Moral conduct动机说Motivism设身处地Put yourself in his place利益Interests人类生命神圣性sanctity of human life佛教Buddhism日内瓦宣言Declaration of Geneva国际医学伦理规范International code of Medical Ethics医学科研与医学伦理人工授精Artificial insemination世界医学会赫尔辛基宣言World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki纽伦堡法典Nuremberg Code动物实验法animal experimentation研究对象的权利The right of research subjects知情同意the informed consent美国护理学会章典the American Nurses’Association’s code临终病人the dying patient病人的权利Patients’right人体实验human subjects experimentation双重影响double effect临床研究Clinical investigation动物实验animal experimentation精神疗法phychotherapy器官移植organ transplantation人体实验的伦理原则The ethical principle in experiment on human subject 伦理委员会an independent ethics committee公正justice道德权力Moral right动物的权力Animal right胚胎权力The right of human foetus双盲研究Doubleblind Studies不伤害原则principle of nonmaleficence免于受伤害权freedom from harm自愿的voluntary非自愿的non-voluntary人类基因研究与医学伦理人类基因组计划the Human Genome Project基因工程Gene engineering基因诊断Gene diagnosis克隆Cloning体细胞基因治疗somatic cell gene therapy性细胞基因治疗sex cell gene therapy治疗性基因治疗treatment gene therapy增强性基因治疗enhancement gene therapy基本原则basic principle医学目的medical motives人道主义humanism基因隐私Genetic privacy基因歧视Genetic discrimination基因治疗Gene therapy价值冲突conflict of value价值主体The subject of value价值客体The object of value伦理价值Ethic value科学自由Liberty of science科学家的社会责任Social responsibility of scientists科学家的权利与义务Right and duty of scientists科学精神与人文精神的结合cooperation of scientific and humanistic spirits 后代人权Right of future generation隐私privacy医疗秘密medical confidentiality尊重病人respect卫生管理与医学伦理伦理问题Ethical issues人口政策Population Policy世界卫生组织World Health Organization (WHO)初级卫生保健primary health care (PHC)卫生政策health policy公益原则The principle of public good平等原则The principle of equity公正原则The principle of justice行善原则The principle of beneficence效益原则The principle of utility差别原则Difference principle自主原则The principle of autonomy行动自主autonomy of action道德规范Moral norms功利主义Utilitarianism经济人Economic person理性选择rational choice利己主义Egoism/Self-love利他主义Altruism帕累托最优Pareto optimality机会平等Equity of opportunity囚徒困境Prisoner’s Dilemma基本需要Basic needs优先原则Principle of priority生物心理社会医学模式biopsychosocial medical model 不对称信息asymmetric information合作医疗制度cooperative medical care system急诊首诊负责制emergency first-visit responsibility公平equity卫生保健health care卫生组织health organization卫生服务health service医院管理hospital management医疗事故medical malpractice医学模式medical model价格歧视price discrimination社会保险social insurance专科护理special nursing全民保险计划universal insurance plan福利welfare合理化rationalization其它安乐死euthanasia临终关怀hospice境遇伦理学Situational Ethics父权主义paternalism人工授精Artificial insemination体外受精external fertilization人的胚胎human embryos代理母亲surrogate motherhood配偶间的试管婴儿test-tube baby by spouse（杨同卫编辑）生育代理母亲surrogate mother不孕Infertility避孕contraception产前诊断prenatal diagnosis生育Procreation生育控制birth control出生率birth rate出生缺陷birth defect存活率survival rate堕胎abortion堕胎避孕药abortive contraceptive发育迟缓intrauterine growth retardation发育能力capacity for growth非婚生子女illegitimate child分娩labor妇幼保健health care for women and child宫内手术intra-uterine operation后代、子孙offspring婚前受孕premarital conception婚前体检premarital physical examination积极优生学positive eugenics计划生育planned parenthood夫精人工受精（同源人工受精）artificial insemination by husband 家庭计划family planning精子Sperm精子库Bank of sperm节育fertility control近亲结婚consanguineous marriage绝育sterilization控制人口population control联体婴儿conjoined twins劳动力work force卵子Ovum消极优生学negative eugenics剖宫产cesarean section or birth弃婴foundling强迫性避孕compulsory contraception人工辅助生殖技术assisted reproductive technology无性生殖Asexual reproduction, also called clone.人口population人口金字塔population pyramid人口理论population theory人口伦理学population ethics人口税population tax人口政策population policy色盲color blindness杀婴infanticide生育观views of fertility生育控制fertility control生育权利fertility right生殖细胞germ cell试管婴儿In vitro fertilization, IVF （test tube baby）收养adoption输精管切除vasectomy输卵管结扎ligation of oviduct围生保健perinatal care围生期死亡perinatal mortality围生医学perinatal medicine卫生人口health population无脑儿anencephalic neonate先天性畸形congenital malformation新生儿安乐死euthanasia of neonate性别监测sex surveillance性别歧视sex discrimination阉割castration严重缺陷新生儿serious defective newborn遗传缺陷genetic defect遗传隐私genetic privacy遗传咨询genetic counseling遗传咨询与保密genetic counseling and confidentiality 异源人工受精artificial insemination by donor (AID).引产induced abortion优生堕胎eugenic abortion优生法eugenics law优生学eugenics早产儿pre-term infant知情同意Informed consent终止妊娠termination of pregnancy痴愚者moron死亡安乐师practitioner of euthanasia安乐术practice of euthanasia安乐死euthanasia安乐死运动euthanasia movement被动安乐死（消极安乐死）passive euthanasia濒死状态near death state病理死亡pathological death道教Daoism持续性植物状态persistent vegetative state.非自愿安乐死involuntary euthanasia腐败putrefaction荷兰安乐死立法legalization of euthanasia in Netherlands呼吸—呼吸作用respiration火葬cremation己所不欲，勿施于人Do unto others as you would have them do unto you 积极安乐死（主动安乐死）positive euthanasia疾病ailments脉搏pulse临终关怀terminal care没有表达意愿安乐死euthanasia without consent脑干brainstem脑死亡brain death脑电图electroencephalogram善终医学palliative medicine生理死亡physiological death生前遗嘱living will水葬water burial死亡death死亡标准criteria of death死亡观perspectives of death死亡过程dying process死亡教育death education死亡控制control of death死亡率mortality rate死亡权利rights to die死亡文明civilization of death死亡宣布declaration of death死亡哲学philosophy of death死亡状态state of death死因顺序ranking causes of death天葬celestial burial瞳孔pupils土葬ground burial文明死亡civilized death无痛致死painless death无痛致死术practice of painless death无伤nonmalefence.心肺死亡标准Cardiorespiratory criterion of death 养老院rest home医助自杀physician-assisted suicide意外死亡accidental death优死euthanasia致死cause of death准自杀para-suicide自然死natural death自杀suicide自杀未遂attempted suicide自愿安乐死voluntary euthanasia尊严死death with dignity。
医学英语新教材下册unit4翻译
Section B ReadingsPassage 1Hyperactivity Disorder多动症Symptoms and Signs1 For over 50 years physicians have been evaluating and treating children who show various combinations of motoric overactivity, impulsivity, distractibility, and inattentiveness. During that time, the terminology describing these children has changed, reflecting the shifting ideas about etiology and about the relationship of the symptoms of overactivity to the symptoms of inattentiveness. Called at different times minimal brain damage, minimal brain dysfunction, hyperactive child syndrome, hyperactive reaction of childhood, and attention-deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity, the syndrome is now known as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In DSM-IV, ADHD is divided into three subtypes：a combined type (most frequent), a pre- dominantly inattentive type, and a predominantly hyperactive-impulsive type. This most recent diagnostic terminology reflects current thinking about the possible heterogeneity of this disorder.症状和体征1 内科医生们一直在进行着对一类孩子长达五十多年的诊断和治疗，这些孩子都体现出了一种或几种如下特点，即：肢体运动过于活跃，性格易冲动，注意力涣散，和粗心大意。
高考英语 考前突破阅读理解能力 文化教育 肥胖会导致肝硬化素材
肥胖会导致肝硬化Doctor Jude Oben had grim news for a patient last week. The liver expert told the 60-year-old man that he had cirrhosis - for the second time in his life.裘德·奥本医生是一位肝脏病专家，上周他带给一位60岁的病人一个坏消息——他又一次患上了肝硬化。
这已经是这位病人第二次得这种疾病了。
Only four yea rs ago Oben's patient had required a liver transplant after his first bout of cirrhosis（肝硬化）, a con di tio n he had contracted because he was obese. "Unfortunately my patient continued to overeat and remained obese," said Oben, a hepatologist（肝脏病学家） based at the Royal Free and St Thomas' hospitals in London. "As a result, he contracted cirrhosis again. Sadly, I had to tell him that this time it was very unlikely he would be given another liver."Oben's patient is one of a "tidal wave" of cases of cirrhosis, triggered by obesity, that threatens to sweep through hospitals across the UK. "People might be aware that there are metabolic disorders such as diabetes and high blood pressure associated with obesity, but very few know about the connection with cirrhosis. However, there is a very clea r link. Obesity can trigger cirrhosis."Oben, who recently launched the charity Obesity Action Campaign to help in the battle against the spread of the condition, said that 10 years ago he saw only an occasional case of obesity-related cirrhosis in his clinic. Today he has dozens of cases of the illness, which occurs when irreversible scarring causes a person's liver to deteriorate. In the past, excess alcohol consumption and hepatitis infections have been the main causes of cirrhosis in Britain. Now a third cause - obesity - has triggered a major increase in cases of liver disease in the UK.The average age of death from liver disease is 59, compared with 82-84 for heart and lung disease and strokes, for example. It is the fifth largest cause of death in the UK, and in the past 10 years there has been a fivefold increase in cirrhosis for those aged between 35 and 55. Oben predicts that these figures are only going to get worse as obesity levels rise."About a third of the UK population is now obese, while one government estimate recently suggested that this figure will rise to 50% by 2050," said Oben. "Frankly, I think we will have reached that level long before then, and when we do that we will find that cirrhosis case numbers have increased steeply."Nor will cirrhosis cases be the only ones to follow in the wake of Britain's increasi ng obesity levels. Cancers of the oesophagus（食道）, liver, pancreas and colon are linked to obesity; cases of these are increasing and are expected to continue to rise."Frankly, we are reaching US levels of o besity," said Oben. "I went to work in the US in 2001 and was stunned by the numbers of obese people that came into clinics. When I came back to Britain a few years later, I discovered –to my horror –that we are catching up."As to the causes of this ex pected tidal wave of obesity-linked illness, scientists point to t he increasing abundance of calorie-dense foods and a decrease in numbers of people taking regular exercise. In addition, Oben's own research has indicated that ob ese mothers may pass on a propensity（倾向，习性） for their offspring to become obese."It is another worrying factor," he said. "Obesity is a very difficult condition to treat medically."。
医德英语作文
医德英语作文In the realm of healthcare, medical ethics play a pivotalrole in ensuring that patients receive the highest standard of care with respect and dignity. This essay will explore the significance of medical ethics, the principles that underpin it, and its impact on the medical profession and society as a whole.The Principles of Medical EthicsMedical ethics is founded on several key principles that guide the conduct of healthcare professionals. These include:1. Autonomy: Respecting the patient's right to make informed decisions about their health, including the right to refuse treatment.2. Beneficence: Acting in the best interest of the patient, seeking to promote their well-being.3. Non-maleficence: Avoiding harm to the patient, ensuring that any treatment does not cause unnecessary harm or suffering.4. Justice: Providing fair and equitable access to healthcare services.The Role of Medical Ethics in Patient CareMedical ethics is not merely a theoretical concept; it has practical implications for patient care. It dictates howdoctors should approach sensitive issues such as end-of-life care, informed consent, and confidentiality. For instance, when a patient is terminally ill, a physician must balancethe principle of beneficence with non-maleficence, often leading to difficult decisions about palliative care.Ethical Dilemmas in Modern MedicineAdvancements in medical technology have introduced newethical dilemmas. For example, the ability to prolong life through artificial means raises questions about the qualityof life and the timing of death. Similarly, genetic testing presents ethical challenges regarding privacy and thepotential for discrimination based on genetic predispositions.The Impact on the Medical ProfessionMedical ethics is crucial for maintaining the trust between patients and healthcare providers. It also influences medical education, where future doctors are taught to prioritizeethical considerations in their practice. The professionitself is regulated by ethical codes, which are enforced by professional bodies to ensure accountability.ConclusionMedical ethics is an essential component of the healthcare system. It not only guides the actions of medicalprofessionals but also shapes the development of medical policies and laws. As medicine continues to evolve, so too must the ethical framework that governs it, to ensure thatthe practice of medicine remains true to its fundamental purpose: to heal and to do no harm.In conclusion, medical ethics is a dynamic field that is as much about the heart as it is about the mind. It requires empathy, integrity, and a commitment to upholding the highest standards of patient care. As society's values and medical capabilities change, so too must the ethical guidelines that govern the practice of medicine, ensuring that healthcare remains a compassionate and honorable profession.。
弘扬医学名言警句英语
弘扬医学名言警句英语医学名言警句不仅激励着医学从业者，也对普通人有着深远的影响。
以下是一些用英语表达的医学名言警句：1. "The art of medicine consists in amusing the patient while nature cures the disease." — Voltaire医学的艺术在于在自然治愈疾病的同时，让患者感到愉悦。
2. "To cure sometimes, to relieve often, to comfort always." — Edward Trudeau有时治愈，常常帮助，总是安慰。
3. "Medicine is a science of uncertainty and an art of probability." — William Osler医学是一门不确定的科学和概率的艺术。
4. "The good physician treats the disease; the great physician treats the patient who has the disease." — Edward Jenner好的医生治疗疾病；伟大的医生治疗患有疾病的病人。
5. "The most important element in the care of the patient is the care of the patient." — Francis Peabody在病人护理中最重要的元素是对病人的关怀。
6. "The physician must be able to tolerate the anxiety which he cannot avoid and he must be able to love the patient in spite of his anxiety." — Edmund Pellegrino医生必须能够忍受他不可避免的焦虑，并且必须能够尽管有焦虑也要爱病人。
希波克拉底誓言读后感英语作文
希波克拉底誓言读后感英语作文英文回答：The Hippocratic Oath is an oath taken by doctors and other healthcare professionals that sets out their ethical obligations to their patients. It is one of the most important and enduring documents in the history of medicine, and its principles continue to guide medical practice today.The oath begins with an invocation to the gods of health, Apollo, Asclepius, Hygieia, and Panacea. The doctor swears to uphold the honor and traditions of the medical profession, and to treat all patients with respect and compassion. The doctor also swears to keep the secrets of their patients, and to act in their best interests at all times.The oath then goes on to list a number of specific ethical obligations that the doctor must uphold. These include the duty to practice medicine to the best of theirability, to avoid harming patients, and to respect the autonomy of patients. The doctor also swears to not perform abortions or euthanasia, and to not engage in any other unethical practices.The Hippocratic Oath is a powerful reminder of the ethical responsibilities that doctors have to their patients. It is a document that has stood the test of time, and its principles continue to guide medical practice today.中文回答：希波克拉底誓言是医生和其他医疗保健专业人员宣誓的誓言，阐明了他们对患者的道德义务。
希波克拉底誓言读后感英文版
希波克拉底誓言读后感英文版Reading the Hippocratic Oath left me with a profound sense of respect for the medical profession. It's a timeless testament to the ethical values that doctors have sworn to uphold for centuries. The oath speaks of treating patients with compassion and respect, regardless of their social status or background. It reminds me that medicine is a calling, not just a job.One thing that struck me was the emphasis on confidentiality. In today's world where data privacy is a big concern, it's reassuring to know that doctors have always valued keeping patients' information private. This aspect of the oath reminds us of the trust that patients place in their doctors and the responsibility doctors have to uphold that trust.Another noteworthy aspect is the vow to avoid harming patients. This goes beyond just treating their illnesses; it also means being mindful of the side effects ofmedications and treatments. It's a reminder of the balance doctors must strike between curing and causing further harm.The oath also talks about the importance of learningand continuous improvement. As a medical student, I findthis especially.。
血友病患者家属,的作文
血友病患者家属,的作文英文回答：As a family member of a hemophilia patient, I understand the challenges and difficulties that come with this condition. Hemophilia is a genetic disorder that affects the blood's ability to clot properly. This means that even a minor injury can lead to excessive bleeding, which can be life-threatening if not managed properly.Living with a hemophilia patient requires constant vigilance and careful planning. We need to be prepared for any potential bleeding episodes and have the necessary supplies and medications on hand. This includes carrying factor replacement therapy, which helps to replace the missing clotting factor in the blood.In addition to the physical challenges, there are also emotional and psychological aspects to consider. Watching a loved one struggle with hemophilia can be distressing andoverwhelming. We often worry about their safety and well-being, especially when they engage in activities that may increase the risk of bleeding.One of the biggest challenges for hemophilia patients and their families is the financial burden. The cost of factor replacement therapy and other medical expenses can be exorbitant. Insurance coverage may not always be sufficient, and this can put a strain on the family's finances. It is important to advocate for affordable treatment options and support programs to alleviate this burden.Despite the challenges, there is hope and support available for hemophilia patients and their families. There are various organizations and support groups that provide education, resources, and a sense of community. These networks can be invaluable in navigating the complexities of living with hemophilia.中文回答：作为一个血友病患者的家属，我了解这种疾病所带来的挑战和困难。
古希腊人是如何治疗和预防疾病的英语作文
古希腊人是如何治疗和预防疾病的英语作文English: Ancient Greeks believed in a holistic approach to healthcare, focusing on maintaining a balance between the body, mind, and spirit. They believed that a healthy lifestyle, proper diet, physical exercise, and mental well-being were essential for preventing and treating diseases. For prevention, they emphasized the importance of cleanliness, healthy eating habits, regular exercise, and fresh air. In terms of treatment, Greek physicians used a combination of natural remedies such as herbs, diet, massage, and baths, as well as spiritual practices such as prayer, meditation, and sacrifices to the gods. The famous physician Hippocrates, known as the Father of Medicine, established the importance of observation, diagnosis, and patient care in the practice of medicine. His principles of 'do no harm' and 'let food be thy medicine' emphasized the use of natural remedies and lifestyle changes to heal the body. Overall, the ancient Greeks believed in the power of nature, moderation, and balance in promoting health and preventing diseases.中文翻译: 古希腊人信仰一种全面的保健方法，专注于保持身体、心灵和精神之间的平衡。
关于我得了疟疾的英语作文
关于我得了疟疾的英语作文Woke up sweating bullets. Thought it was just the heat, but then the chills hit me like a freight train. Body aching, head pounding, like I got hit by a truck. Stumbled to the mirror, and there it was, those telltale red spots. Freaked out. Googled my symptoms, worst mistake ever. Diagnosis: malaria. 。
Doctor's office was a maze of paperwork and worried faces. Needles poking, blood draining, felt like I was in a horror movie. Doc's voice was all serious, talking about treatments and side effects. Felt like I was underwater, struggling to keep up. Left with a bag full of pills, hope they work their magic.Home sweet home turned into a battleground. Pill popping every few hours, each one a bitter reminder of my predicament. Sweat-soaked sheets, fever dreams, feelinglike I'm melting into the mattress. Friends called, but talking felt like climbing Mount Everest. Too tired, tooweak, just want this nightmare to end.Days blurred into nights, nights into days. Clock ticking, body aching, mind numbing. Tried to distract myself with Netflix, but even my favorite shows couldn't break through the fog. Each episode a marathon, each laugh a victory against the darkness creeping in.Finally, a glimmer of hope. Woke up feeling almost human again. Energy trickling back, appetite returning,like coming back to life after a long winter. Doc's words echoing in my head: "You beat it." Grateful doesn't even begin to cover it.Life after malaria feels like a rebirth. Sun shining a little brighter, food tasting a little sweeter, every breath a gift. Promised myself I'd never take my health for granted again. Malaria may have knocked me down, but I got back up swinging. Stronger, wiser, ready to take on whatever life throws my way.。
描写哮喘发作的作文英语
描写哮喘发作的作文英语Asthma Attack: A Terrifying Struggle。
Asthma, a condition often underestimated in its severity, can turn into a life-threatening struggle during an asthma attack. The constriction of airways, accompanied by inflammation and excess mucus production, makes breathing difficult and can induce panic in those experiencing it.Imagine a peaceful evening suddenly disrupted by a sharp tightening in the chest, like an invisible hand squeezing the life out of you. The first sensation is often confusion, a disbelief that something as simple and essential as breathing could suddenly become so difficult. As the panic sets in, it exacerbates the situation, leading to a vicious cycle of breathlessness and fear.The initial symptom is usually a wheezing sound, reminiscent of a strained harmonica, as the air strugglesto pass through the narrowed airways. With each inhale, there's a desperate attempt to draw in oxygen, but it feels as though there's an obstruction, a barrier preventing the air from reaching the lungs. It's like trying to breathe through a straw that's being pinched shut at both ends.Alongside the wheezing comes a feeling of suffocation, as if being submerged underwater with no way to surface for air. The chest tightens further, constricting like a vice, making it harder and harder to take in a full breath. Panic sets in, adding to the feeling of being trapped in a body that's failing to perform its most basic function.As the attack progresses, other symptoms join the fray. Coughing fits wrack the body, each cough a futile attempt to dislodge the mucus clogging the airways. The coughs are harsh and dry, scraping at the already irritated throat and offering little relief from the suffocating sensation.With each passing minute, the fear intensifies. Thoughts race through the mind, ranging from worries about survival to regrets about not taking asthma management moreseriously. In the midst of the chaos, there's a desperate urge to find relief, to escape the clutches of the asthma attack and return to the safety of normal breathing.For those witnessing an asthma attack, the sense of helplessness is palpable. Loved ones look on with concern, unsure of how to provide assistance beyond offering moral support and fetching medication. The fear in their eyes mirrors the fear felt by the person struggling to breathe, creating a sense of shared desperation in the room.In the end, relief comes slowly, often with the aid of medication such as an inhaler or nebulizer. As the airways relax and the wheezing subsides, there's a palpable sense of gratitude for the simple act of breathing without obstruction. But even as the attack passes, the memory lingers, a reminder of the fragility of life and the importance of managing asthma with vigilance.In conclusion, an asthma attack is not just a temporary inconvenience; it's a terrifying ordeal that can leave a lasting impact on both the body and mind. It's a reminderof the importance of asthma management and the need for greater awareness and understanding of this potentially life-threatening condition.。
《呼吸之恩,健康之源》作文
《呼吸之恩,健康之源》作文英文回答：Breath is the most fundamental and essential function of life. It is the source of our existence and the foundation of our health. The act of breathing is so automatic and natural that we often take it for granted, but the truth is that the quality of our breath directly impacts the quality of our health.Breathing is the primary way our body takes in oxygen and releases carbon dioxide. Oxygen is essential for the functioning of every cell in our body, and without it, we cannot survive. When we breathe deeply and fully, we are able to oxygenate our cells more effectively, which has a direct impact on our energy levels, mental clarity, and overall well-being.In addition to oxygenation, deep breathing also plays a crucial role in the parasympathetic nervous system, whichis responsible for relaxation and restoration. When we breathe deeply and rhythmically, we activate the parasympathetic nervous system, which helps to reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and improve digestion.Furthermore, deep breathing can also improve our immune system by reducing the production of stress hormones and increasing the production of white blood cells, which are essential for fighting off infections and diseases.In conclusion, the act of breathing is not just a basic bodily function, but it is the foundation of our health and well-being. By practicing deep and mindful breathing, we can improve our physical, mental, and emotional health, and cultivate a greater sense of vitality and balance in our lives.中文回答：呼吸是生命中最基本和最重要的功能。
医者父母心的英语作文题目
医者父母心的英语作文题目英文回答：The Heart of a Physician: A Noble Calling.The phrase "医者父母心" originates from the Chinese language, and it eloquently embodies the essence of the medical profession. It translates literally to "the heart of a physician is the heart of a parent," signifying the profound bond of care and compassion that characterizes the relationship between doctors and their patients.This adage underscores the fundamental principle that underlies the practice of medicine: the unwavering commitment to prioritize the well-being of those in need. Physicians are not merely dispensers of treatments and medications; they are individuals who dedicate their lives to alleviating suffering, preserving health, and restoring dignity to those affected by illness or injury.The "heart of a physician" entails a multifaceted set of qualities that define the ideal medical professional. First and foremost, it requires a deep sense of empathy and compassion. Doctors must be able to understand and relate to the experiences of their patients, regardless of their background or circumstances. This ability allows them to provide not only physical care but also emotional support, creating a therapeutic environment that fosters healing and recovery.Moreover, a physician's heart must be guided byintegrity and ethical conduct. The medical profession demands the highest standards of honesty, confidentiality, and respect for patient autonomy. Doctors are entrusted with sensitive personal information and must maintain the utmost discretion and privacy. They are also guided by ethical principles that prioritize the best interests of their patients, ensuring that decisions are made in a fair and equitable manner.Another essential aspect of the "heart of a physician" is a thirst for knowledge and a commitment to continuouslearning. Medicine is an ever-evolving field, and it is imperative for doctors to stay abreast of the latest advancements in research and technology. By pursuing ongoing education, they can provide their patients with the most effective and up-to-date treatments, ensuring the best possible outcomes.The "heart of a physician" also encompasses a spirit of resilience and perseverance. The medical profession can be demanding and emotionally taxing. Doctors often witness suffering and loss, and they may face difficult ethical dilemmas. However, they must remain steadfast in their commitment to providing compassionate care, even when faced with adversity. Resilience and perseverance allow physicians to navigate the challenges of their profession with grace and fortitude.Finally, the "heart of a physician" is characterized by a deep sense of humility. Doctors must recognize that they are not infallible and that they rely on the collective knowledge and expertise of their colleagues. They should always be willing to seek guidance and collaborate withother professionals to ensure the best possible outcomesfor their patients. Humility fosters a spirit of cooperation and teamwork, which is essential in a complex healthcare system.The phrase "医者父母心" is a poignant reminder of the sacred nature of the medical profession. It encapsulates the qualities that define a compassionate, ethical, knowledgeable, resilient, and humble physician. By embodying this "heart of a physician," doctors can make a profound difference in the lives of their patients, providing comfort, hope, and healing in their time of need.中文回答：医者父母心，崇高的使命。
为医学献身英文作文
为医学献身英文作文I have always been fascinated by the human body and how it works. From a young age, I knew that I wanted to pursue a career in medicine. The idea of being able to help people and make a difference in their lives is what drives me to dedicate myself to the field of medicine.The path to becoming a doctor is not an easy one. It requires years of hard work, dedication, and sacrifice. But for me, the rewards far outweigh the challenges. The opportunity to use my knowledge and skills to heal and comfort those in need is a privilege that I do not take for granted.One of the most fulfilling aspects of being a doctor is the relationships that I am able to build with my patients. Being able to provide them with care, support, and guidance through some of the most difficult times in their lives is incredibly rewarding. It is an honor to be trusted with their well-being and to be able to make a positive impacton their health.Medicine is a constantly evolving field, and I am committed to staying up to date with the latest advancements and technologies. I believe that continuous learning is essential in order to provide the best possible care for my patients. Whether it is attending conferences, participating in research, or simply staying informed about new treatments, I am always seeking ways to improve my practice.While the work of a doctor can be demanding and at times emotionally taxing, the sense of fulfillment that comes from knowing that I am making a difference in the lives of others makes it all worthwhile. I am grateful for the opportunity to be able to dedicate myself to a career that allows me to serve and care for others.。
希波克拉底誓言读后感英文版
希波克拉底誓言读后感英文版English:The Hippocratic Oath is a powerful declaration of medical ethics that emphasizes the importance of honoring the patient's well-being above all else. Reading the oath is a humbling experience that serves as a reminder of the sacred trust that doctors hold in caring for the health and welfare of their patients. It also serves as a call to action to approach each patient with empathy, compassion, and respect, and to always prioritize the health and dignity of those under their care. The principles outlined in the oath, such as confidentiality, beneficence, and non-maleficence, are timeless and universal, guiding healthcare professionals in their practice and reminding them of their ethical responsibilities. Overall, the Hippocratic Oath serves as a guiding light for physicians, reminding them of the noble and selfless nature of their profession.中文翻译:希波克拉底誓言是一份强有力的医学伦理宣言，强调了将患者的幸福置于至高无上的重要性。
描写哮喘发作的作文英语
描写哮喘发作的作文英语下载温馨提示:该文档是我店铺精心编制而成，希望大家下载以后，能够帮助大家解决实际的问题。
文档下载后可定制随意修改，请根据实际需要进行相应的调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种各样类型的实用资料，如教育随笔、日记赏析、句子摘抄、古诗大全、经典美文、话题作文、工作总结、词语解析、文案摘录、其他资料等等，如想了解不同资料格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by theeditor. I hope that after you download them,they can help yousolve practical problems. The document can be customized andmodified after downloading,please adjust and use it according toactual needs, thank you!In addition, our shop provides you with various types ofpractical materials,such as educational essays, diaryappreciation,sentence excerpts,ancient poems,classic articles,topic composition,work summary,word parsing,copyexcerpts,other materials and so on,want to know different data formats andwriting methods,please pay attention!I couldn't breathe. It felt like someone was squeezing my chest, making it harder and harder for air to enter my lungs. My breaths became shallow and rapid, as if I was gasping for air. Panic started to set in as I realized I was having an asthma attack.My throat felt tight, like there was a constriction preventing the air from flowing freely. I could hear wheezing sounds escaping my lips with each labored breath. It was a constant reminder of the struggle my body was going through.The sensation of suffocation overwhelmed me. It was as if a heavy weight was pressing down on my chest, making it difficult to expand my lungs fully. I tried to take deep breaths, but it only made me cough uncontrollably, exacerbating the situation.My body felt weak and fatigued. Every movement requiredextra effort, and even the simplest tasks became daunting challenges. It was frustrating to feel so helpless, as if my own body was betraying me.The fear of not being able to breathe properly consumed my thoughts. I felt trapped, as if I was suffocating from the inside out. It was a constant battle to stay calm and not let the panic take over.The sound of my inhaler provided a glimmer of hope. As I pressed the canister and inhaled the medication, I could feel the tightness in my chest slowly loosen. The wheezing subsided, and I could finally take deeper breaths. Relief washed over me, knowing that I was on the path to recovery.But even after the attack subsided, I couldn't shakeoff the lingering unease. The fear of another attack loomed over me, a constant reminder of the unpredictability of my condition. I knew I had to be cautious and always have my inhaler within reach.Living with asthma is a constant battle. It's areminder that my body is vulnerable, and that something as simple as breathing can become a struggle. But I refuse to let it define me. I will continue to fight, to take control of my health, and to live my life to the fullest.。
抗疟疾的英语介绍作文
抗疟疾的英语介绍作文英文：Malaria is a life-threatening disease caused byparasites that are transmitted to people through the bitesof infected mosquitoes. It is a major public health problem in many countries, especially in sub-Saharan Africa.There are several ways to prevent and treat malaria. One of the most effective ways to prevent malaria is by using insecticide-treated bed nets. These nets are hungover beds and act as a physical barrier to prevent mosquitoes from biting and infecting people with themalaria parasite. In addition to bed nets, there are also antimalarial drugs that can be taken to prevent the disease. These drugs are especially important for travelers visiting areas where malaria is prevalent.As for the treatment of malaria, there are several antimalarial medications available. The choice ofmedication depends on the type and severity of the malaria, as well as the patient's age and any other medical conditions they may have. For example, artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) are recommended by the World Health Organization as the first-line treatment for uncomplicated malaria. These drugs are highly effective and have helped to reduce the number of malaria-related deaths worldwide.It's important to note that while these preventive measures and treatments are effective, they are not always accessible to everyone, especially in low-income countries where malaria is most prevalent. This is why efforts to improve access to these interventions, as well as to develop new and better tools for preventing and treating malaria, are ongoing.中文：疟疾是一种由寄生虫引起的危及生命的疾病，通过感染的蚊子叮咬传播给人类。
对医院做出贡献英语作文
In the bustling city, where life moves at a rapid pace, there exists a sanctuary of care and compassion. This sanctuary is none other than the hospital, a place where the sick and injured seek solace and healing. The contributions to a hospital are as diverse as the individuals who walk through its doors, each bringing their unique skills and dedication to the cause of health and wellbeing.One such individual is a nurse named Emily, whose story of dedication and care exemplifies the spirit of contribution to a hospital. Emily, a seasoned professional with years of experience, has touched countless lives with her empathetic approach and unwavering commitment to her patients. Her days start early, often before the sun rises, as she prepares for the challenges that lie ahead. The hospital corridors echo with the sounds of her steady footsteps, a testament to her tireless work ethic.Emilys contributions to the hospital are not limited to her clinical skills. She is also an advocate for patient rights and a mentor to the younger nurses. She believes in the power of education and often takes the time to teach patients about their conditions, empowering them to take an active role in their recovery. Her knowledge of medical procedures and her ability to explain complex information in simple terms have earned her the respect of both her colleagues and the patients she serves.The hospital is also home to Dr. James, a surgeon whose expertise in his field has saved many lives. His contributions to the hospital are not only in the form of his surgical skills but also in the research he conducts. Dr. James is passionate about advancing medical knowledge and spendscountless hours in the hospitals research lab, seeking new ways to improve patient outcomes. His dedication to innovation has led to breakthroughs that have not only benefited the hospital but also the broader medical community.Another unsung hero in the hospital is the maintenance staff, led by Mr. Smith. His team is responsible for ensuring that the hospital runs smoothly, from the smallest light bulb to the largest piece of medical equipment. Mr. Smiths attention to detail and commitment to safety are vital in creating a comfortable and secure environment for patients and staff alike. His contributions are often overlooked, but they are no less important than those of the doctors and nurses.The hospitals volunteer program, coordinated by Mrs. Brown, is another significant contributor to the hospitals success. Mrs. Browns enthusiasm and organizational skills have turned the volunteer program into a vital part of the hospitals operations. Volunteers, ranging from high school students to retired professionals, offer their time and energy to assist in various departments, from patient care to administrative tasks. Their contributions, though often behind the scenes, are invaluable in supporting the hospitals mission.In addition to the individuals, the hospital also benefits from the contributions of the community. Fundraising events, donations, and charity drives all play a crucial role in supporting the hospitals financial needs. These contributions enable the hospital to acquire stateoftheart equipment, expand its facilities, and provide essential services to those inneed.The story of the hospital is a tapestry woven from the threads of countless contributions, each one unique and essential. From the skilled hands of the medical professionals to the selfless dedication of the support staff, from the innovative spirit of researchers to the heartfelt generosity of volunteers and donors, every contribution plays a part in the hospitals ongoing mission to heal and care for the community.In conclusion, the hospital stands as a beacon of hope and healing, a testament to the power of human compassion and expertise. It is a place where lives are saved, health is restored, and hope is renewed, thanks to the collective contributions of its staff, volunteers, and community. As we reflect on the importance of these contributions, we are reminded of the profound impact that each individual can have on the lives of others, and the significance of working together for the greater good.。
学术英语医学单词填空及答案
学术英语（医学）课后词组Unit11．overload神经过载2.a typical典型的诊所就诊3.DEXA DEXA扫描4.medical 行医5. control血压控制6.health健康保持7. report乳房X线检查报告8. examination体检9. of a medication药物的副作用10.perpetual永久的恐慌11. physicians职业医生12. field移植领域13.medical医疗预算14.paracetamol 扑热息痛药片15. cap防孩子打开的盖子16. clinical trial随机临床试验17.Random随机分配18.patient病人的预后19. group对照组20.a10-year study10年的跟踪研究21.a medical内科病房22.infectious 传染性肝炎23.Severe身体严重不适24.bilirubin胆红素代谢25.permanent damage永久的肝损伤26.exacerbate 加重病理生理状况27.Medical医学文献28.clinical 临床调查29. of relapse复发率30.clinical 临床流行病学31.strict 严格的卧床休息32.hospital住院33.recurrent 反复发作的黄疸34.clinical临床病程35 morphine静脉注射吗啡36blood pressure舒X压37.brain 大脑血灌输38.care初级保健39.aorto-coronary arterial 主动脉冠状动脉旁路40. treatment decision知情治疗决41.an international group一个国际人道组织42.the Red红十字会43.The first major effort第一次重大援助工作44 of war战争中的人员伤亡45. relief efforts紧急援助、Unit21disease(再现疾病)2.new flu新流感变种3.antibiotics and抗生素和疫苗4. disease传染病5 disease新现疾病6 strategy预防策略7.bubonic腺鼠疫8. microbes病原微生物9.public heath 公共卫生机构10.drug 抗药性11.an of antibiotic therapy抗生素治疗疗程12.scarlet 猩红热13.the level of毒性水平14.flu流感大流行15.surface表面抗原16. shift基因改变17.neurological神经性并发症18.waning of 免疫力减弱19.public health公共卫生基础设施20.a malaria一个疟疾病例21.flu猪流感22. bacillus结核杆菌23.the of morbidity发病率水平24.health保健专业人士25 tuberculosis潜伏结核病26.tuberculin 结核素皮试27. programmes筛查计划28. gamma testsγ干扰素测试29.drug药物毒性30.an disease一种可治愈的病31,infectious disease难治的传染病32.an unknown一种未知的病原体33.chronic gastric 慢性胃溃疡34 to carries of disease接触带病者35,genetic基因重组36.agent of 生物恐怖活动病原37. infections通过食物传播的传染病Unit31.the surge of肾上腺素激增2.an internal medicine内科实习期3.an disease自体免疫4.loss of丧失持久力5.weakness短暂的虚弱6.being卧床不起7.a building基本构件8.an animal动物模型9.to slow减缓神经退化10.to toxins排除毒素11.to nutrition优化营养12.toxic毒素载量13.the risk of复发危险14.physician医生自我实验15.a clinical临床试验16. electrical stimulation神经肌肉电刺激17.physical 理疗师18.the impact of微量营养素的影响19.brain脑功能2the emotional flow跟踪情绪波动21 of emotions情绪协调22. reactions心血管反应23.feeling of t亲密感觉24.rapid迅速同步25.emotional 情绪传染26.to mutually 互相调节27.a psychobiological unit生物心理单元28.emotional情感慰藉29.functional resonance 功能性磁共振成像30.to brain zones激活该脑部区域31.to make it使之成为强制性32.a project无把握的项目33.medical background医学背景4.proof of概念验证35.dose剂量方案36. or conitant conditions并发症与合并症37 agents抗肿瘤的药剂38.standard 标准疗法39. properties药理学特性40.poor溶解性差41.pharmacology体内药理学Unit41.medicine补充医学2. medicine替代医学3.a medical医疗模式4. and herbs针灸和草药5.a treatment辅助治疗6.a and vomiting恶心，呕吐7.dental pain术后牙痛.trials临床试验9.therapy物理疗法，理疗10 modalities治疗方法11.a therapeutic治疗干预12.Research design研究设计13.magnetic e磁共振14.positron tomography正电子发射型计算机断层成像15 effect止痛效果16.biomedical生物医学界17. unit康复中心18. acupuncturist持照针灸师19.therapeutic治疗策略20.herbal草药配方21.a wide array of各式各样的并发症22. East-West medicine中西医结合23. abdominal pain急性腹痛24.to medicines施药，用药25.surgical外科手术26.scientific科学评估27. statistics患病率统计prevalence28. therapies传统疗法29.models of care询证医学模式30.stress压力处理31 nervous system周围神经系统.peripheral32.physiologic生理机制33.mechanistic and studies机制和还原式研究34. research效益研究35.clinical临床结果36.and clinical studies临床前及临床研究37mechanisms可能的机制38therapies推拿治疗39.medicine顺势疗法40.medicine自然疗法41.and yoga冥想与瑜伽Unit51.a health健康危机2.physical s身体症状3.Energy and能量和活力4.be pletely I from sth.对某事完全免疫5.of falseness虚假的病毒6.stressful有压力的生活方式7.t emotion健全的感情8.health脆弱的健康9.to our mind,body and spirit平衡心理、身体和精神10.life精神生活11.the to wellness通向身心健康的“路障”12.emotions被压抑的感情13.feelings and emotion真情实感14.l influences心理影响15.fully human beings十全十美的人16.teeth蛀牙17professor营养教授18.burgeoning迅速膨胀的腰围19.water瓶装水20.caloric热量摄入21.to curb节制食欲22.grains and谷物和蛋白质23.childhood儿童肥胖症24protein精益蛋白质25.habits饮食习惯26.of life生活质量27.category乳制品类28.prevention of 糖尿病的预防29.sodium钠的含量Unit61.homes养老院2care临终关怀3.congestive heart充血性心衰4.available24小时随叫随到5 care unit冠心病监护室6.to to treatment对治疗有反应7.skilled nursing专业护理机构8.care生命终末期护理9.care舒适护理10.hospital planner出院计划专员11care症状护理12care姑息疗法13.illness绝症14.chronic obstructive disease慢性阻塞性肺病15.treatments实验性治疗16.spiritual精神顾问17.to all treatment终止所有治疗18.to go through经历透析19.A PAP巴氏涂片检查20.patient-relationship医患关系21.to provide提供常规医护22.examinations预防性检查23.off the path离开熟路，另辟蹊径24.to into a shape塑形25.To a prescription照旧处方再开药26.in vitro体外受精27.biology基础生物学28.embryonicresearch胚胎干细胞研究29.to with an outside与圈外人合作30.ababy试管婴儿31.sciences生殖科学32.to administer施用激素33.to isolate eggs分离未成熟卵子34.observations经验观察35.work首创研究36.a fibre-optic光导纤维内窥镜37.guidelines伦理原则38.societal社会关注39.couples不孕不育夫妇40. disease遗传疾病41.Cystic囊泡性纤维症42.ethical伦理困境Unit71.a nursing护士站2.machines生命维持系统3.fort舒适护理措施4.to treatments停止治疗5.decision-making process家长式决策程序6.patient给病人授权7.medical医学伦理学家8.ethical伦理准则9.clinical临床理念10.care以病人为中心的护理11.patient病人自主权12.treatment治疗选择13.purview专属领域14.decisions紧急状况下做的决定15.physician对医生的限制16.and confusion焦虑与困惑17.ethical违背伦理18.family家庭医疗19.widespread广泛转移20.treatment积极治疗21 lesion原发病灶22.to remend建议随访23.electronic电子病历24.pulmonary肺栓塞25.puterized计算机断层扫描CT26.bilateral 双侧浸润27.a X-ray X线胸片28.left pneumonia左下肺叶肺炎29.breathing呼吸困难30.the hospice临终关怀团队31.illness慢性病32aspects社会心理学领域33.evidence-based循证临床指南34.to a plan of care实施治疗方案Unit81.human人体研究对象2.research生物医学研究3.accepted公认的治疗4.a formal正式方案5.the principle of有利原则6.the principle of公正原则7. agents有自主能力的行为者8.autonomy自主性减弱9.be risk of harm使……面临受害危险10.Hippocratic希波克拉底誓言11.fairness in分配的公正性rmed知情同意13.fair and outes公正的程序和结果14.the table手术台15.an ethical伦理责任16.a neurosurgeon儿科神经外科医生pediatric17.to the surgery做手术18.blood血流19.care重症监护20.father义父21.father生父22.needs心理需要23. judgment医学判断24.therapy职业疗法25.to meningitis感染脑膜炎26.to die of an死于感染27.blood血管28.imbalances in循环的不平衡29.the of human research subjects人类研究对象的安宁30.to approve or all research activities批准或不批准所有的研究活动31.to review a审查一个研究计划32.at risk of civil or criminal有民事或刑事责任的危险参考答案Unit 11. neuron 神经2. office visit(诊所)就诊3. scan 扫描4. medical practice 行医5. blood pressure 血压6. maintenance(健康)保持7. mammogram 乳房Ｘ线8. physical 身体9. side effect 副作用10. panic 恐慌11. practicing 执业12. transplant 移植13. budget 预算14. tablet 药片15. childproof 防孩子16. randomized 随机17. allocation(随机)分配18. prognosis 预后19. control 对照20. follow-up 跟踪21. ward 病房22. hepatitis 肝炎23. malaise 身体不适24. metabolism 代谢25.liver 肝26.pathophysiology 病理生理27. literature 文献28. investigation 调查29. incidence 率30. epidemiology 流行病学31. bed rest 卧床休息32. hospital stay 住院33. jaundice 黄疸34. course 病程35. intravenous 静脉注射36. diastolic 舒X37. perfusion 灌注38. primary 初级39. bypass(冠脉)旁路40. informed 知情41. humanitarian 人道主义42. the Red Cross 红十字会43. relief 援助44. casualty 人员伤亡45. emergency 紧急Unit 21. re-emerging 再现2. strain 变种3. vaccine 疫苗4. infectious 传染性的5. emerging 新出现6. prevention 预防7. plague 鼠疫8. pathogenic 病原的9. authorities 机构10. drug resistanc 抗药性11. course 疗程12. scarlet fever 猩红热13. virulence 毒性14. pandemic 大流行15. antigen 抗原16. genetic 基因的17. neurological 神经性18. immunity 免疫力19. infrastructure 基础设施20. case 病例21. swine 猪22. tuberculosis 结核23. morbidity/incidence 发病率24. professionals 专业人士25. latent 潜伏26. skin test 皮试27. screening 筛查28. interferon 干扰素29. toxicity 毒性30. curable 可治愈的31. intractable 难治的32. pathogen 病原体33. ulcer 溃疡34. exposure 接触(带病者)35. rebination 重组36. bioterrorism 生物恐怖活动37. foodborne 生物传播Unit 31. adrenaline 肾上腺素2. residency 实习3. autoimmune 自身免疫4.stamina 持久力5. transient 短暂的6. bedridden 卧床不起7. building block 基本构件8. model 模型9. neurodegeneration 神经退化10.excrete 排除(毒素)11.optimize 优化12.load 载量13.relapse 复发14.self-experimentation 自我实验15.trial 试验16.neuromuscular 神经肌肉17.therapist 治疗师18.micronutrient微量营养素19.function 功能20.track 跟踪21.coordination 协调22.cardiovascular 心血管23.rapport 亲密24.synchronization 同步25.contagion 传染26.regulate 调节27.psychobiological生物心理28.solace 慰藉29.imaging ＭＲＩ30.activate 激活31.mandatory 强制性32.dubious 无把握的33.background 背景34.concept 概念35.regimen方案36.plications 并发症37.anti-tumor 抗肿瘤38.standard 标准的39.pharmacological 药理学的40.solubility 溶解性41.in vivo 体内Unit 41. plementary 补充2. alternative 替代(医学)3. paradigm 模式4. acupuncture 针灸5. adjunct 辅助6. nausea 恶心7. post-operative 术后8. clinical 临床的9. physical therapy 理疗10. therapeutic 治疗(方法)11. intervention 干预12. design 设计13. resonance 共振14. emission 发射ＰＥＴ15. analgesia 止痛16. establishment(生物医学)界17. rehabilitation 康复18. licensed 持照(针灸师)19. strategies 策略20. formulas 配方21. wide array 各式各样的22. integrative(中西医)结合23. acute 急性的24. administer 给药25. procedure 程序26. evaluation 评估27. prevalence 患病率28. conventional 传统(疗法)29. evidence-based 循证的30. management(压力)处理31. peripheral 外周／外围32. mechanisms 机制33. reductionistic 还原式的34.cost-effectiveness 效益35. outes 结果36. preclinical 临床前37. plausible 可能的38. manipulative 推拿39. homeopathic 顺势40. naturopathic 自然(疗法)41. meditation 冥想Unit 51. crisis 危机2. symptoms 症状3. vitality 活力4. immune 免疫5. virus 病毒6. lifestyle 生活方式7. robust 健全的8. fragile 脆弱的9. balance 平衡10. spiritual 精神的11. blockages 路障12. repressed 被压抑的13. genuine 真实的(真情实感)14. physiological 心理15. integrated 整合的(十全十美)16. decaying teeth 蛀牙17. nutrition 营养18. waistline 腰围19. bottled 瓶装(水)20. intake 摄入21. appetite 食欲22. protein 蛋白质23. obesity 肥胖症24. lean 精益的(蛋白质)25. dietary 饮食(习惯)26. quality 质量27. dairy 乳制品28. diabetes 糖尿病29. content 含量Unit 61. nursing home 养老院2. hospice 临终(关怀)3. failure(心)衰4.availablearound-the-clock24小时随叫随到5. coronary 冠心病6. respond(对治疗有)反应7. facility 机构8. end-of-life 终末期9. fort 舒适的(护理)10. hospital discharge 出院11. care(症状)护理12. palliative 姑息的13. fatal illness 绝症14. pulmonary 肺的ＣＯＰＤ15. experimental 实验性的16. advisors 顾问17. discontinue 终止18. dialysis 透析19. smear 涂片20. provider 医患关系21. care-as-usual 常规医护22. preventive 预防性23. beaten 常用的off thebeaten path 离开熟路,另辟蹊径24. mold into the shape 塑形25. renew 重新开始torenew a prescription 照旧处方再开药26. fertilization 授精27. basic 基础的(生物学)28. stem cell 干细胞29. collaborate 合作30. test-tube 试管(婴儿)31. reproductive 生殖的32.hormones 激素33. immature 未成熟的34. empirical 经验(观察) 35.pioneering 首创的36. endoscope 内镜37. ethical 伦理的38. concern(社会)关注39. infertile 不孕不育的40.inherited 遗传性的41. fibrosis 纤维化42. dilemmas 困境Unit 71. station(护士)站2. life-support 生命维持(系统)3. measures 护理措施4. withdraw 停止(治疗)5. paternalistic 家长式的6. empowerment 授权7. ethicists 伦理学家8. principles 准则9. ideal 理念10.patient-centered 以病人为中心的11. autonomy 自主权12. options 选择13. exclusive purview 专属的(领域)14. emergency 紧急(决定)15. restraint 限制16. anxiety 焦虑17. transgression 违背18. practice(家庭)医疗19. metastases(广泛)转移20. aggressive 积极的21. primary 原发22. follow-up 随访23. record 病历24. embolism 栓塞25. tomography 断层摄像ＣＴ26. infiltrates 浸润27. chest 胸28. lower-lobe 左下叶29. labored(呼吸)困难30. team 团队31. chronic 慢性的32. psychosocial 社会心理33. guidelines 指南34. implement 实施(治疗方案)Unit 1 动脉旁路1.neuron overload 神经过载2.a typical office visit 典型的诊所就诊3.DEXA scan DEXA扫描4.medical practicing 行医5.blood pressure control 血压控制6.health maintenance 健康保持7.Mammogram report 乳房X线检查报告8.physical examination 体检9.side effect of a medication药物的副作用10.perpetual panic 永久的恐慌11.practicing physicians 职业医生12.transplant field 移植领域13.medical budget 医疗预算14.paracetamol tablet 扑热息痛药片15.childproof cap 防孩子打开的盖子16.randomized clinical trial随机临床试验17.Random allocation 随机分配18.patient prognosis 病人的预后19.control group 对照组20.a 10-year follow-up study10年的跟踪研究21.a medical ward 内科病房22.infectious hepatitis 传染性肝炎23.Severe malaise 身体严重不适24.bilirubin metabolism 胆红素代谢25.permanent liver damage永久的肝损伤26.exacerbatepathophysiology 加重病理生理状况27.Medical literature 医学文献28.clinical investigation 临床调查29.incedence of relapse 复发率30.clinical epidemiology 临床流行病学31.strict bed rest 严格的卧床休息32.hospital stay 住院33.recurrent jaundice 反复发作的黄疸34.clinical course 临床病程35.intravenous morphine 静脉注射吗啡36.diastolic blood pressure舒X压37.brain perfusion 大脑血灌输38.primary care初级保健39.aorto-coronary arterialbypass主动脉冠状助工作rmed treatmentdecision 知情治疗决41.an internationalhumanitarian group一个国际人道组织42.the Red Cross 红十字会43.The first major relief effort第一次重大援44.casualty ofwar 战争中的人员伤亡45.emergency relief efforts紧急援助Unit 31.the surge of adrenaline 肾上腺素激增2.an internal medicineresidency 内科实习期3.an autoimmune disease 自体免疫4.loss of stamina 丧失持久力5.transient weakness 短暂的虚弱6.being bedridden 卧床不起7.a building block基本构件8.an animal model 动物模型9.to slow neurodegeneration减缓神经退化10.to excrete toxins排除毒素11.to optimize nutrition 优化营养12.toxic load毒素载量13.the risk of relapse 复发危险14.physicianself-experimentation医生自我实验15.a clinical trial 临床试验16.neuromuscular electrical stimulation 神经肌肉电刺激17.physical therapist 理疗师18.the impact of micronutrients 微量营养素的影响19.brain function 脑功能20.track the emotional flow 跟踪情绪波动21.coordination of emotions 情绪协调22.cardiovascular reactions 心血管反应23.feeling of rapport 亲密感觉24.rapid entrain 迅速同步25.emotional contagion 情绪传染26.to mutually regulation 互相调节27.a psychobiological unit生物心理单元28.emotional solace情感慰藉29.functional magnetic resonance imaging功能性磁共振成像30.to activate brain zones激活该脑部区域31.to make it mandatory 使之成为强制性32.a(n) dubious project无把握的项目33.medical background医学背景34.proof of concept概念验证35.dose regimen 剂量方案36.plications or conitantconditions并发症与合并症37.anti-tumor agents 抗肿瘤的药剂38.standard therapy标准疗法39.pharmacology properties药理学特性40.poor solubility 溶解性差41.in vivo pharmacology 体内药理学Unit 51.a health crisis 健康危机2.physical symptoms 身体症状3.Energy and vitality 能量和活力4.be pletely immune from sth.对某事完全免疫5.virus of falseness 虚假的病毒6.stressful lifestyle 有压力的生活方式7.robust emotion 健全的感情8.fragile health 脆弱的健康9.to balance our mind ,bodyand spirit平衡心理、身体和精神10.spiritual life精神生活11.the blockage to wellness通向身心健康的“路障”12.repressed emotions 被压抑的感情13.genuine feelings andemotion真情实感14.physiological influences心理影响15.fully integrated humanbeings 十全十美的人16.decaying teeth 蛀牙17.nutrition professor 营养教授18.burgeoning waistline 迅速膨胀的腰围19.bottled water 瓶装水20.caloric intake 热量摄入21.to curb appetite 节制食欲22.grains and protein 谷物和蛋白质23.childhood obesity 儿童肥胖症24.lean protein 精益蛋白质25.dietary habits 饮食习惯26.quality of life 生活质量27.diary category 乳制品类28.prevention of diabetes糖尿病的预防29.sodium content 钠的含量Unit 71.a nursing station 护士站2.life-support machines 生命维持系统3.fort measures 舒适护理措施4.to withdraw treatments 停止治疗5.paternalisticdecision-making process 家长式决策程序6.patient empowerment 给病人授权7.medical ethicists 医学伦理学家8.ethical principles 伦理准则9.clinical ideal 临床理念10.patient-centered care 以病人为中心的护理11.patient autonomy 病人自主权12.treatment options 治疗选择13.exclusive purview 专属领域14.emergency decisions 紧急状况下做的决定15.physician restraint 对医生的限制16.anxiety and confusion 焦虑与困惑17.ethical transgression 违背伦理18.family practice 家庭医疗19.widespread metastases广泛转移20.aggressive treatment 积极治疗21.primary lesion 原发病灶22.to remend follow-up 建议随访23.electronic record 电子病历24.pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞25.puterized tomography CT，计算机断层扫描26.bilateral infiltrates双侧浸润27.a(n) chest X-ray(X线胸片)28.left lower-lobe pneumonia 左下肺叶肺炎borcd breathing呼吸困难30.the hospice team临终关怀团队31.chronic illness慢性病32.psychosocial aspects 社会心理学领域33.evidence-based guidelines 循证临床指南34.to implement a plan of care 实施治疗方案。
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J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2010 Oct 1;878(27):2643-51.
Determination of aldehydes in exhaled breath of patients with lung cancer by
means of on-fiber-derivatisation SPME-GC/MS.
Poli D1, Goldoni M, Corradi M, Acampa O, Carbognani P, Internullo E, Casalini
A, Mutti A.
Author information
1Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Health Sciences, University of Parma, via Gramsci 14, 43100 Parma, Italy.
diana.poli@unipr.it
Abstract
A number of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have been identified and used in
preliminary clinical studies of the early diagnosis oflung cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of aldehydes (known biomarkers of oxidative stress) in the diagnosis of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We used an
on-fiber-derivatisation SPME sampling technique coupled with GC/MS analysis to
measure straight aldehydes C3-C9 in exhaled breath. Linearity was established over two orders of magnitude (range: 3.3-333.3×10(-12) M); the LOD and LOQ of all the aldehydes were respectively 1×10(-12) M and 3×10(-12) M. Accuracy was within 93% and precision calculated as % RSD was 7.2-15.1%. Aldehyde stability in a
Bio-VOC(®) tube stored at +4°C was 10-17 h, but this became >10 days using a
specific fiber storage device. Finally, exhaled aldehydes were measured in 38
asymptomatic non-smokers (controls) and 40 NSCLC patients. The levels of all of the aldehydes were increased in the NSCLC patients without any significant effect of
smoking habits and little effect of age. The good discriminant power of the aldehyde pattern (90%) was confirmed by multivariate analysis. These results show that straight aldehydes may be promising biomarkers associated with NSCLC, and increase the
sensitivity and specificity of previously identified VOC patterns.。