9. 2020.1 嘉定区高三英语一模卷
2020届上海市嘉定区疁城实验学校高三英语一模试题及答案解析
2020届上海市嘉定区疁城实验学校高三英语一模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ASome colleges have started offering their own gap year programs to support students who want to take a year off in a meaningful way. Below, we’ll look at four of these programs.American University Gap ProgramWhen to apply: By July 15 or November 15Is there funding available? No.In American University Gap Program, students spend three days per week with a government or business organization in the city. Students go on field trips, listen to guest speakers, take part in hands-on lessons and work on service projects as a group. Students who complete the program can earn seven credits.Duke University Gap Year ProgramWhen to apply: By early May of each yearIs there funding available? Yes, $5,000 to $15,000.Though Duke University has no course of study or experience for its gap year program, it encourages students to have an independent plan for their year off, particularly one that promotes personal growth. Independent experiences may include community service, personalized experiential learning opportunities and others.Florida State University Gap YearWhen to apply: By February 24Is there funding available? Yes, up to $5,000.Florida State University offers gap year funding to students wishing to work or volunteer before starting college. In order to get the momey, students must explain their plans for their gap year. The experience must last over one year.St Norbert College Bridge Year ExperienceWhen to apply: not specifiedIs there funding available? Not specified.Students taking part in the Bridge Year Experience can travel to locations such as New Mexico, Wisconsin and Guatemala during the fall term, where they learn about the local cultures, take courses and get serviceopportunities.1.What does Duke University advise students to do during their gap year?A.Focus on their personal growth.B.Be independent of their parents.C.Apply before the end of November.D.Contact some off-campus organization.2.How can students get gap year funding from Florida State University?A.By having extra credits.B.By organizing several projects.C.By showing their gap plans.D.By doing volunteer work.3.If you are interested in travelling, you can choose ________.A.Florida State University Gap YearB.American University Gap ProgramC.Duke University Gap Year ProgramD.St. Norbert College Bridge Year ExperienceBAvi Loeb, a scientist, believes that we are not alone in the universe. The belief fits withLoeb's alien spaceship theory that at least one alien spaceship might be flying over the orbit of Jupiter, which won the international attention last year.Astronomers inHawaiifound the first known interstellar object in late 2017. It was a bit of light moving so fast past the sun that it could only have come from another star. Almost every astronomer on the planet was trying to figure out how the object, called “Oumuamua” got to our far-away part of the Milky way galaxy. “One possibility is that ‘Oumuamua’ is debris from an advanced technological equipment,” Loeb said. “Technology comes from another solar system just showed up at our door. ”“‘Oumuamua’ is not an alien spaceship,” Paul Sutter, another scientist wrote. He suggested Loeb was seeking publicity. Most scientists think “Oumuamua” is some sort of rock. They think it could be an icy wandering comet.Loeb says that “Oumuamua's” behavior means it can't be a block of rock shaped like a long photo. He thinks it's more likely an object that's very long and thin, perhaps like a long pancake or a ship's sail. Loeb says that if someone shows him evidence thatcontradictshis beliefs, he will immediately give in.Loeb believes himself a truth-teller and risk-taker in an age of very safe, too-quiet scientists. “The worst thing that can happen to me is that I would be relieved of my management duties, and that would give me even more time to focus on science,” Loeb says. He said he wouldn't mind giving up all the titles he had and returning to the Israeli farming village where he grew up.4. What does Loeb say about “Oumuamua”?A. It is an icy comet.B. It looks like a long photo.C. It is actually some sort of rock.D. It may come from another alien civilization.5. What does the underlined word “contradicts” in paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Goes against.B. Relies on.C. Turns to.D. Searches for.6. What do you think of Loeb?A. He is foolish.B. He is unsatisfied with his titles.C. He is a firm believer in scientific truth.D. He is uncertain about his career future.7. What's the best title for the text?A. Have Aliens Paid a Visit in Spaceships?B. Do We Really Know about Space Theory?C. Scientists Are Working on High TechnologyD. Astronomers Are Encouraging Space TravelCShe is one of mankind’s oldest ancestors and is more than three million years old. New analysis of the arm bones of Lucy, an early hominid, suggests she was a tree climber. Lucy’s remains were uncovered in Ethiopia in the 1970s, with the 3.18 million-year-old skeleton(骨骼)being the most complete of any upright, walking human ancestor. Since she was discovered, researchers have debated whether she spent her life in the trees or spent time walking on the plains as well.The new evidence from scans of her arm bones proves she spent time climbing and used her arms to pull herself up. The scans were compared with cross sections of humans and chimpanzees, which spend a mixture of time in trees and walking on all fours on the ground. They found that the arm bones were more heavily built, similar to those of chimps, while her lower limbs(下肢)would have meant she walked less efficiently than modern humans. Professor John Kappelman, atUniversityofTexas, believes the advantage of his study was that it focused on characteristics that reflect actual behavior during life, suggesting that evenwhen Lucy walked upright, she may have done so less efficiently than modern humans, limiting her ability to walk long distances on the ground.Previous studies suggested that Lucy was just 4 feet tall and weighed just 65 pounds. Combining the new data paints a picture of an ancestor who may have spent a great amount of her time in trees. It also expands on evidence from earlier this year which claimed that Lucy may have died from a fall, most likely from a tree. The evidence suggests Lucy may have spent time on the ground, returning to the safety of the trees for food and to sleep, to avoid her enemies.8. What did the researchers argue about after Lucy was discovered?A. Where she lived.B. How long she lived.C. What she ate.D. How she worked.9. How could people tell Lucy spent time climbing?A. By her walking style.B. By her heavily built arm bones.C. By her strong lower limbs.D. By her large cross sections.10. When Lucy walked, she may________.A. have walked with bigger stepsB. have walked at a faster speedC. have walked more efficiently than usD. have walked a shorter distance than us11. What is the main idea of the last paragraph?A. Guesses about Lucy’s characteristics.B. Some evidence of Lucy’s health.C. The safety of Lucy.D. The ancestor of Lucy.DWhen Rich Jean wanted to help his daughter, Abigail, learn to read, he took her to the library near their home in Brooklyn, N. Y. That's where they met Hasina Islam, who Jean says arose her interest in reading and the library.“You see what you started? You see that spark that you put in this child?” Jean told Hasina Islam at aStoryCorpsconversation in 2016. At the time, Abigail was 7 and Islam was 27. Their friendship began when Abigail was 3. Through the years, Islam has offered book suggestions that Abigail has read with great enthusiasm. “What's cool is that Hasina has recommended a lot of books that I, at the time, thought might be a little too advanced for you," Jean told Abigail. “Like Charlie and the Chocolate Factory." Abigail said.Islam's own love of the library was sparked when she was in the third grade. She lived near the main branch of the Queens Public Library in New York City, and she went there to research Henry Hudson, an English explorer, for a school project."The librarian made me feel so special. She remembered my name, and my favorite thing was that she gave me book recommendations," she said." When I was graduating from college, I thought about how I was going to make a difference in the world. And I remembered my librarian，and I remembered that feeling that she gave me every single time I went to the library. ”12. When might Abigail and Hasina Islam first meet?A. In 2012.B. In 2016.C. In 2018.D. In 2020.13. What do we know about Charlie and the Chocolate Factory from the text?A. It was Islam's favorite book.B. It might be hard for Abigail.C. It was a best seller at that time.D. It was important for Abigail.14. How did Hasina Islam help Abigail?A. By offering books to her.B. By reading together with her.C. By giving advice on books.D. By introducing great libraries.15. What is paragraph 3 mainly about?A. Islam's special college life.B. Islam's working experiences.C Islam's living conditions. D. Islam's reasons for loving library.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年嘉定区高考英语一模试卷(含答案)
Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.This is where my kids grew upFor years now, I’ve been wanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and I raised our kids. But to me, this house is more than just a building. In the front room, there’s a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines. Every growth stage (21) ________ (mark) in pencils, with each child’s name and the date.Of all the objects and all the memories, it’s this one thing in a home that’s (22) ________ (hard) to leave behind. Our kids grow in so many ways, but the wall is physical evidence of their progress. Friends I know have visited their previous home only (23) ________ (discover) their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. Over the years, I’ve talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved, (24) ________ ________ the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing. So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do (25) ________ about it.They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer (26) ________ work is about capturing the beautiful things in life. She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, (27) ________ (take) photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints, and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph (28) ________ we had experienced in all those years. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, (29) ________ (transform) them into a beautiful history of my family.There weeks later, my children’s wonderful gift made its way to me -- (30) ________ life - size photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth .Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word canEmphasizing social play in kindergarten improves academicsEmphasizing social play and students helping one another in kindergarten improves academic outcomes, self-control and attention regulation, finds new UBC research. The study, published in the journal PLoS One, found this approach to kindergarten curriculum also ___31___ children’s joy in learning and teachers’enjoyment of teaching.“Before children have the ability to sit for long periods ___32___ information, they need to be allowed to be ___33___ and be encouraged to learn by dong,” said Dr. Adele Diamond, the study’s lead author. “Indeed, people of all ages learn better by doing than by being told.”Through a controlled experiment, Diamond and her colleagues ___34___ the effectiveness of a curriculum called Tools of the Mind (Tools). The curriculum was introduced to willing kindergarten teachers and 351 childrenwith different backgrounds in 18 public schools.Tools was developed in 1993 by two American researchers. Its basic ___35___ is that social - emotional development and improving self-control is as important as teaching academic skills and content. The Tools ___36___ the role of social play in developing skills such as self - control, selective attention and planning. “Skills like self-control and selective attention are necessary for learning. They are often more strongly associated with school readiness（入学准备）than intelligence quotient (IQ),” said Diamond. “This experiment is the first to show ___37___ of a curriculum emphasizing social play.”Teachers reported more ___38___ behavior and greater sense of community in Tools classes. Late is the school year, Tools teachers reported they still felt ___39___ and excited about teaching, while teachers in the control group were exhausted. “I have enjoyed seeing the ___40___ progress my students have made in writing and reading.”said a Tools teacher in Vancouver. “I have also enjoyed seeing the students get so excited about coming to school and learning. They loved all the activities so much that many students didn’t want to miss school, even if they were sick.”Ⅲ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In product design, imagining user’s feelings leads to more original outcomes Researchers find that in a new product design, connecting with user’s heart, rather than their head, can lead to more original and creative outcomes.Developing original and __41__ products is critical to a company’s long-term success. Thus, understanding what influences originality can have important and potentially __42__ consequences for businesses. Ravi Mehta, a professor of business administration, shows that adopting a(n) __43__ that imagines how the user would feel while using a product leads designers to experience greater empathy（同感）, which __44__ creativity and, in turn, outcome originality for new product design.There are two ways that the product designer can __45__ the consumer’s product usage. One focuses on objective use of the product - how consumers might use the product, that is, an “objective - imagination” approach. The other focuses on feelings - how the product makes the consumer feel, a “feeling-imagination” approach.Consumers always want to have new products that solve problems more efficiently and at a less cost. So product designers __46__ this trap of being very objective in focusing on the use of a product. That’s important, leads designers to experience greater empathy, which makes them more __48__, the feelings-imagination approach leads designers to experience greater empathy, which makes them more __49__ to the consumers’ ideas. This leads to greater outcome originality. Mehta said, “when you imagine consumers and focus on their feelings, that’s powerful and will lead to something much more innovative than only focusing on a product’s usage.” The research shows that a feelings - based approach is __50__ to the commonly used objective - based approach, the researchers wrote. It not only helps product designers build a better product, but is also them create more innovative products.The implications of the findings extend to everyday consumers, who now play a role in shaping companies design. Mehta said, “Marketers are increasingly __51__ consumers for new product ideas.” __52__, there was verysuccessful campaign a few years ago focused on getting consumers to create a new potato chip flavor.The experiments demonstrated a __53__ effect of adopting a feelings - imagination approach. That suggest that these designers may __54__ imagining users’ feelings. In this way, designers can develop products the could __55__ to the masses. Companies can easily adopt this process and promote feelings-imagination exercise through their websites or social media.41. A. primary B. innovative C. natural D. domestic42. A. temporary B. slight C. indefinite D. profitable43. A. policy B. proposal C. approach D. standard44. A. enhances B. exhibits C. illustrates D. explores45. A. recommend B. extend C. exploit D. imagine46. A. fall apart B. figure out C. fall into D. turn into47. A. originality B. objectivity C. creativity D. flexibility48. A. In conclusion B. In addition C. As a result D. By contrast49. A. open B. harmful C. resistant D. equal50. A. evident B. superior C. relevant D. alert51. A. joining in B. applying to C. turning to D. taking to52. A. In reality B. In other words C. What’s more D. For example53. A. dramatic B. positive C. negative D. serious54. A. depend on B. benefit from C. contribute to D. involve in55. A. appeal B. refer C. adapt D. commitSection BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)When she was ten years old, Isadora Duncan dropped out of school to teach people dance. If that job was le to any other ten-year-old, it would have turned out frustrating, difficult, and a little discouraging.But Duncan was different. Not only was she already talented enough to earn money even at that age, but she also had a rare kind of confidence that helped her treat troubles as fuel -- something to elevate the fire that is already burning inside of her.It’s no surprise, then, that when she moved to New York to join a theatre company, she found herself restricted. The existing dancing style, their way of operating -- all of this seemed to her the work of a misguided past. Duncan was very direct about what she wanted, confidently telling people she had a different vision of dance that she was going to spread in the world. This, naturally, led to ridicule and laughs early on, but as she built up her work, these instances became less frequent. Today, she is remembered as “The Mother of Dance,”with much of the modern art owing its expressive style to her influence. Inspired by the ancient Greeks, she brought the style to life.In her autobiography（自传）, one of the things Duncan frequently refers to as the basis of her expressive spiritis the fact that she had a childhood where she wasn’t constantly watched. The expectations of her mother (who raised her) were open - ended. It was freedom of this lifestyle that drove her to see what she could do.Growing up, before she left school, she was told one of two things : that was either completely useless or that she was a genius. There was nothing is between. Even when she started working, people either bowed to her or they basically ignored her. But there wasn’t one moment Duncan doubted her own genius.There is an old quotation “if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid.” And it captures an important truth. At school, Isadora Duncan was a failure. In the dance hall, she gave from to brilliance.56. What does the underlined phrase “treat troubles as fuel” mean?A. Duncan used troubles to push her forward towards her dream.B. Duncan was good at burning away everyday troubles.C. Troubles turned Duncan into a confident girl.D. Troubles it the fire of dancing in Duncan.57. Which of the following is TRUE about Duncan?A. Her experience in New York was the foundation of her career.B. Her teaching job when she was little destroyed her confidence.C. Her dancing style was not very well received at the beginning.D. Her mother set higher expectation on her than she could bear.58. What does the author try to tell the readers in the last paragraph?A. It is useless climbing a tree to catch fish.B. Everybody is a genius in his own way.C. Miseries come from human stupidity.D. Teachers can impact students greatly.59. What is this passage mainly about?A. Isadora Duncan’s childhood and her achievements today.B. Duncan’s career development and other dancers’ opinions of her.C. Isadora Duncan’s early experiences and the reasons for her success.D. Duncan’s high status in the dancing world and her unique expressive style.(B)Taking your pulse during physical activity allows you to measure how hard you are exercising. You shouldIncreasing your heart rate is a key part of exercise, but it is important that your heart rate is not too high or too low. If you are a beginner, you should also be able to breathe comfortably while exercising. This will ensure that you are exercising at a level that is safe and effective for your body.The chart below illustrates target heart rate ranges for exercise based on the maximal heart rate for selectedTARGET HEART RATE RANGES BASED ON AGETarget Heart Rate Zone60. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Exercise intensity can be reflected by a person’s heart rate.B. The faster your heart rate is, the more effective the exercise is.C. Vigorous exercise will definitely present a threat to people’s safety.D. The target exercise heart rate range for a 45 -year-old is 90-149 RMB.61. A 34-year-old man is running and the number of pulses he takes for 15 seconds is 40. His finess coach had better tell him ________.A. “You are doing fine.”B. “You can run faster.”C. “You should slow down a bit.”D. “You should drink some water.”62. What is the purpose of this passage?A. To advise people to form a habit of taking their pulses while exercising.B. To inform people of the target heart rate zone for those aged 60 an under.C. To tell people the importance of maintaining moderate amount of exercise.D. To show people how to measure heart rate to keep proper exercise intensity.(C)A tiny clue found in ancient deposits has unlocked big secrets about Greenland’s past and future climate. Just beyond the northwest edge of the vast Greenland Ice Sheet, researchers have discovered lake mud that have survived the last ice age. The mud, and remains of common flies in it, record two inter-glacial periods（间冰期）in northwest Greenland.Although researchers have long known these two periods -- the early Holocene and Last Inter-glacial - experienced warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly species shows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought. “As far as we know, it has never been found in Greenland. We think this is the first time anyone has reported it in ancient deposits or modern lakes there,” Axford said. “We were really surprised to see how far north it migrated （迁徙）.”This new information could help researchers better measure Greenland’s sensitivity to warming, by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheet behaviour. Those models could than improve predictions of how Greenland’s ice sheet might respond to man-made global warming. After all, Greenland coveres 80 per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level. “Northwest Greenland might feel really remote, but what happens to that ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world,” said Yarrow Axford, an associate professor in the team. “One of the big uncertainties in climate science is how fast the Earth changes when it gets warmer. Geology gives us an opportunity to see what happened when the Earth was warmer than today,” said Axford.People might be surprised to see how today’s Greenland looked during the last two inter-glacial periods. During the Last Inter-glacial, global sea levels increased by 15 to 30 feet, largely due to thinning of Greenland and Antarctica’s ice sheets. However, now researchers believe northern Greenland’s ice sheet experienced stronger warming than previously thought, which could mean that Greenland is more responsible for that sea-level rise.Finding lake deposits older than about 10,000 years, however, has been historically very difficult in Greenland. To measure these ancient temperatures, researchers look to ice cores（冰核）and lake deposits. Since ice and lake deposits form by a gradual buildup on annual layers of snow or mud, these cores contain history of the past. By looking through the layers, researchers can obtain climate clues from centuries ago.63. Why are the remains of flies mentioned in the first two paragraphs?A. They serve as evidence that there is still life in the Northwest Greenland.B. They were one of the many ancient lives that were left in the Greenland mud.C. They are indicators that Greenland was much warmer than previously thought.D. They help the researchers realize that there was once a warm period in the Arctic.64. The new information about Greenland is important because ________.A. researchers have no idea how to measure Greenland’s warming speed.B. it can help researchers better predict Greenland’s response to warming.C. people should be more sensitive to the changes in the ice in GreenlandD. it is uncertain how fast the Earth changes with man - made global warming65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. It is easier for today’s scientists to find ancient lake deposits.B. People are surprised at the landscape feature of Greenland today.C. Researchers measure the changing temperatures by directly examining mud.D. Greenland holds enough ice that might one day threaten life in coastal cities.66. Which do you think is the best title of the passage?A. Greenland Used to Be Much GreenerB. Earth Once Experienced Warm PeriodsC. Coastal Cities Warned of Coming DisastersD. Northwest Greenland, A Perfect DestinationSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Fifty-four percent of South Africans are hungry or at risk of hunger. Hunger affects people’s health, as well as their ability to live full and productive lives because the rights to dignity, health and education are affected by hunger._____67_____ There are significant race, class and gender differences. For example, black South Africans are 22 times more likely to be food insecure compared with white South Africans. Food insecurity is defined as not having physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.This unequal distribution indicates a situation of severe food injustice in South Africa. Yet from the research with urban farmers it’s clear that people do not know of the right to food, and don’t see unequal access to nutritious food as an injustice. _____68______ While there are frequent protests around access to jobs, education, housing, water and electricity, we rarely, if ever, see protests about access to food.One of the drivers of unequal access to food is the way in which the industrial food system works. For example,a few large companies dominate each aspect of the food value chain. _____69_____ Because the large companies dominate the supply chain, they are able to maximize profits at the expense of small - scale producers, to whom they pay very low prices._____70______ It needs to ensure that marginalized producers, processors and retailers have an opportunity to earn a decent living. At the same time corporate dominance needs to be addressed.Anyway, at the most basic level, it requires that South Africans know they have a right to food in the first place.Ⅳ. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Most of us -- even those at the top -- struggle with public - speaking anxiety. When I ask my clients what makes them nervous, invariably they respond with the same answers: “I don’t like being watched”, “I don’t like the eyes on me” or “I don’t like being in the spotlight.”To understand why, we need to go way back to prehistoric times, when humans regarded eyes watching us as an existential threat. Those eyes were likely predators（肉食动物）and people were terrified of being eaten alive. The bad news is that our brains have transferred the ancient fear of being watched into public speaking. In other words, public - speaking anxiety is in our DNA.Fortunately, there is a solution: human generosity. The key to disarming our panic button is to turn the focus away from ourselves and toward helping the audience. Studies have shown that an increase in generosity indeed leads to a decrease in amygdala（扁桃腺）activity, which is responsible for our panic feeling in the brain. When we are kind to others, we overcome the sense of being under attack and start to feel less nervous.Admittedly, this is hard to do. But it’s absolutely possible to become a generous speaker. To begin with, when you start preparing for a presentation, the mistake you often make is starting with the topic. Instead, you should start with the audience. Identify the audience’s needs, and craft a message that speaks directly to those needs. Also, you are the most nervous right before you speak. This is the moment when your brain is telling you, “Everyone is judging me.” But it is exactly the moment when you should refocus your brain. Over time, your brain will begin to get it, and you will become less nervous.Ⅴ. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1. 有些地方因污染而出现了许多奇怪的疾病。
2019-2020学年上海市嘉定区徐行中学高三英语一模试题及答案
2019-2020学年上海市嘉定区徐行中学高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThere are different types of money-saving apps, such as JD Finance, Yu’E Bao, Ant Financial, and all of them work in different ways. Here are 3 of the best apps that can help you save much money.Capital One ShoppingCapital One Shopping can compare prices automatically as you shop online. As you add items to your cart at an online seller, this app will search the web for better deals and coupon codes(优惠码). You can follow the links to other sellers offering a better price and use the available codes tosave. You can even use this app while shopping at physical shops.ParibusThere’s nothing more upsetting than buying something and then seeing it for sale at a lower price a few days later. Wouldn’t it be nice to get that money back? Now you can. Paribus helps you get money back by tracking your purchases from major stores and discussing refunds. It also helps you get compensated (补偿) for late deliveries and makes sure you don’t leave it too late to return anything you bought.DigitIf you can’t figure out how much you can afford to save, Digit will analyze your spending habits and spare a certain amount to your savings. If the appknows you have spare money to save, then it will be moved automatically, and if you don’t, it will stop, so there’s no risk of being left with no cash for the basics. You can sign up for a free trial for a month, and after that, the monthly service charge is $5.1. If you want your money back, what app will you choose?A. Digit.B. Paribus.C. Yu’E Bao.D. Capital One Shopping.2. What can you do by using Digit?A. Offer the most favorable price.B. Track detailed information of goods.C. Analyze spending habits to save money.D. Compare prices of products while shopping.3. What is the purpose of the text?A. To introduce useful apps for saving money.B. To advertise various products online.C. To improve the power of spending.D. To help to manage spare money.BIn 1990, Hal Donaldson was 23 years old, fresh out of college and found himself in Calcutta, India, where he was asked to interview Mother Teresa.Donaldson says about the great woman famed for feeding the hungry, “She wasn't wearing shoes and her ankles were swollen. She sat down with me and was very polite.” After the interview, Mother Teresa asked him, “What are you doing to help the poor?” Donaldson admitted that he was young and wasn't focused on helping others. With a smile on her face, Mother Teresa said, “Everyone can do something.”Those words deeply struck Donaldson and forced him to face some hard truths about himself.Hal Donaldson grew up in the San Francisco Bay area. When he was 12 years old, his parents were hit by a drunk driver; his father died, and his mother was seriously injured. To make ends meet, they went on welfare. Donaldson says, “I had holes in my shoes and clothes. When you're teased at school for that, you just want to escape.”He managed to do just that. Donaldson got into college and turned his focus to making money for himself He says, “I was just trying to find my way out of insignificance. However, it's easy to overlook others along the way. I was the guy that would see a homeless person and cross the street, so I didn'thave to confront (面对) him. My focus was on climbing to the top instead of helping those trying to climb with me.”Donaldson returned home from India with a different thought. He traveled to eight cities in America and stayed on the streets and listened tostories of the homeless. “My heart broke,” he says. “I knew I could no longer just live for myself.”Inspired by Mother Teresa's words and the stories he'd heard across America. Donaldson loaded a pick-up truck with $300 worth of groceries and handed them out to anyone who needed help. In 1994, Donaldson created the nonprofit organization, Convoy for Hope, which works with communities across America and around the world. Their work focuses on feeding children, women's empowerment, helping farmers and disaster services.4. What did 23-year-old Hal Donaldson do in India?A. He attended an interview for a college.B. He fed the hungry with Mother Teresa.C. He interviewed Mother Teresa.D. He did something to help the poor.5. What can we learn about Hal Donaldson from paragraph 4?A. He was born with disability.B. He led a hard life as a child.C. He was well treated at school.D. He survived as a parentless boy.6. How does Hal Donaldson describe himself in college?A. Self-centered.B. Sympathetic.C. Popular.D. Casual.7. How did Hal Donaldson change after he returned home from India?A. He preferred traveling to volunteering.B. He suddenly fell in love with journalism.C. He turned his focus to living for himself.D. He gradually devoted himself to helping others.CIt’s easy to do easy things, but they don’t carry the challenges and rewards of doing something difficult. Scott Kelly said he tried to express that view everywhere he went. And he spoke from experience, having spent a career that included the time as a NASA astronaut, US Navy captain, fighter pilot, and engineer.Scott spoke at the University of North Alabama, sharing stories about his experience of spending a year on the International Space Station (ISS). He said the physical pressure of living in weightlessness for a year was hard to describe and that the fluids(积水) in his head sometimes made him feel like he was standing on his head. It also needed some time to recover when he returned home. “My legs were weak and it would be uncomfortable to sit for a while because my body hadn’t had that pressure so long,” Scott said.He discussed life aboard including spending time with Russian astronauts. They came from different cultures. He had managed to get along well with everyone aboard as they lived together, worked together, and had to rely on each other. He thought it was one of the most rewarding things in his life.Though life there was not easy, Scott never regretted being an astronaut and going to space. He also discussed experiences growing up, admitting that he wasn’t always the greatest student but was able to overcome that through hard work and determination.“Never give up or lower your dreams. If you work for it, all things are possible. There is a zero percent chance of succeeding if you don’t even try. And when you succeed after trying hard, you’ll find it really rewarding,” Scott said in the end.8. Scott mentioned his experience in the ISS mainly to show ________.A. he enjoyed making speechesB. he was a responsible astronautC. his life in space was challengingD. the daily life of an astronaut can be boring9. What may benefit Scott most when he lived with Russian astronauts?A. He won some awards through teamwork.B. He found the fun of living in the Space Station.C. He learned to develop close relationships with others.D. He picked up some knowledge of Russian culture.10. Which of the following can best describe Scott?A. Kind and thoughtful.B. Curious and humorous.C. Easygoing and sociable.D. Hardworking and determined.11. What does the author intend to tell us from Scott’s story?A. It’s importantto have a dreamB. Easy things are also worth doingC. A suitable career leads one to success.D. Difficult things are demanding but rewardingDUntil quarantine (隔离期) ends, we are left picturing what sport we might do: working out at the gym, playing on a competitive sports team, swimming, biking, or rock climbing. However, we don’t often think of martial arts as possible activities; instead, we rule it out because we think it’s dangerous, uncommon, and even, impossible. Martial arts aren’t considered a sport, right?Well, here’s some good news: you’re wrong! Martial arts aren’t much more common than people think, and you can start learning at any age. Practicing martial arts is a great way to keep in shape, both physically and mentally. They’re much less boring and much lessarduoussport than they’re usually described as in movies, so do not worry that they need a lot of effort.Martial arts generally require you to focus on the position and movement of every one of your legs and arms, sometimes even your breathing too. Think about it: when you leave the gym, your mental state has improved and you are much calmer. This is because you’ve only paid attention to one activity. It is a great way to clear your head. Andpracticing it can help you learn to stay more focused, which is the greatest advantage of martial arts training.Martial arts also improve your coordination (协调性), and greatly improve your posture (姿势). I have personally seen students go from slouching (没精打采) to walking tall with their shoulders back in just a couple of months.There are many styles and countless kinds of martial arts. Whichever one you like better, know that all of them are good choices.12. What can we know about martial arts from the first two paragraphs?A. They often have people hurt.B. They are difficult to practice.C. People have a wrong view on it.D. People practice them more often.13. What does the underlined word “arduous” in paragraph 2 mean?A. Interesting.B. Difficult.C. Friendly.D. Exciting.14. What is the biggest benefit of practicing martial arts?A. Adjusting the breath.B. Enjoying one’s free time.C. Correcting the movement.D. Keeping one’s attention.15. What does the writer think of martial arts?A. They are notsports.B. They attracted many teenagers.C. They are beneficial and helpful.D. They were invented to protect others.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2019-2020学年上海市嘉定区高三上学期英语期末调研试卷
嘉定区2020届第一次高考模拟考试试卷英语（考试时间120分钟，满分140分。
请将答案填写在答题纸上）2019.12 I. Listening comprehension.Section A (10分)Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Terrific. B. Tough. C. Exciting. D. Well-paid.2. A. Have her parents live on campus.B. Call local hotels again in a few days.C. Phone the Cliffside Inn for a reservation.D. Ask her parents to come on another weekend.3. A. Put on a coat at once. B. Exchange the tickets.C. Take care of his cold.D. Watch the game at home.4.A. She has to post a letter instead. B. She can't send the message right now.C. She's not sure if the computer is fixed.D. She has to turn down the man's request.5. A. The book is much too long. B. He hasn’t read the book yet.C. He seldom reads such a book.D. The book is very interesting.6. A. He has already seen the film. B. He is unlikely to go to the cinema.C. He has just recovered from the flu.D. He doesn’t think highly of the film.7. A. Think about getting a job at another place. B. Find a suitable job to work happily.C. Sign up for more than one journalist class.D. Call the news agency about the job.8. A. She wishes she had seen the play.B. The scenery could have been more realistic.C. The makeup wasn't as good as the scenery.D. The actors should have worn ancient makeup.9. A. She contacts her parents occasionally.B. She phones her parents regularly at weekends.C. She visits her parents when the fares are down.D. She often calls her parents regardless of the rate.10. A. They cannot finish the assignment until Thursday.B. They have plenty of time to work on the assignment.C. The assignment looks easy but actually quite difficult.D. The assignment is difficult for them to complete on timeSection B(15分)Directions:In section, you will hear two passages and one longer conversations. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several question. The passage and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. How to share responsibilities.B. How to motivate themselves.C. How to respond to challenges.D. How to code computer games.12. A. They don't receive grades.B. They don' t have to take exams.C. They can do whatever they like.D. They must study maths and English.13.A. More schools are trying the creative approach to teaching.B. More students are being sent to hike across the Alps.C. More teenagers are coming to study at the school.D. More teachers are designing "challenge" projects.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To take photos for an investigation.B. To pursue his hobby of photography.C. To recover from an illness and gain health.D. To further his interest in the American West.15. A. Walter Smith began to study Blackfoot culture as a part-time job.B. The Blackfoot community was a great attraction to other AmericansC. Walter Smith was devoted to protecting and spreading Blackfoot culture.D. The Blackfoot officially received its name for the color of their footwear.16. A. Walter Smith's life-long dream to enter the Blackfoot worldB. Walter Smiths efforts to save an endangered cultureC. Walter Smiths journey to Blackfoot's communityD. The precious pictures of the Blackfoot IndiansQuestions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Talking about the latest movies freely onlineB. Watching movies on the big theatre screens.C. Watching movies with her best friendsD. Seeing new movies on weekends.18. A. Because he wants to save money and smacks as well.B. Because he can avoid being influenced by spoilersC. Because he wants to interact freely while watching movies,D. Because action movies shown at the theatre have the similar plot.19. A. They enjoy watching superhero moviesB. They like sharing the latest movies onlineC. They appreciate interacting freely with friends.D. They are fond of guessing the plot of new movies20. A. Watch the new movie with the woman on DVD.B. Wait to be informed about the contents of the movie.C. Watch the superhero movie when the DVD comes out.D. Rent the cheapest DVD to watch whatever movies available.【答案】1—5: BCDBD 6—10: BACBB 11—13: BDA 14—16: ACB 17—20: BCAC 【录音文字】Section ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. M: I hear that you’ve got promoted. You must be very excited.W: Not really. The new office is nice, but the workload has doubled.Q: What does the woman think of her new job?2. W: My parents will come next weekend. I’ve checked every hotel in the area, but all seem to be full.M: Why not call the Cliffside Inn? It’s not so near the campus but it always gets a few vacant rooms.Q: What does the man suggest the woman do?3. W: I’ve got two tickets for today’s game. Do you want to come along?M: It’ll be on television. Besides, it’s re ally too cold for me.Q: What will the man do?4. M: Jessica, could you send this email to all the club members?W: Sorry, the computer broke down this morning. I will send the email as soon as I’ve fixed it. Q: What does the woman imply?5. W: How did you ever manage to get through 1000 pages of that new novel?M: It took a while. But once I had started it, I couldn’t put it down.Q: What does the man mean about the book?6. W: John, are you going to see the film tonight?M: I doubt it. I’m still getting over the flu.Q: What can we learn about the man?7. M: I’m really hoping to get that job as a journalist. But I still haven’t heard from the news agency.W: Don’t worry. There must be plenty of other pla ces that would be happy to have you.Q: What does the woman imply the man should do?8. M: I really like the play. The students did a great job with the scenery. I felt like I was back in the 19th century.W: I wish you could say the same thing about the makeup.Q: What does the woman imply?9. M: Do you still keep in touch with your parents regularly after all these years?W: Yes, of course. I call them at weekends when the rate is down fifty percent.Q: What do we learn about the woman from the conversation?10. M: Wow, that’s a big assignment we’ve got for the English class.W: Well, it’s not as bad as it looks. It isn’t due until Thursday morning.Q: What does the woman mean?Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.Andy Wilson is 14 years old. Last year, when he and a group of friends were short of cash for a camping trip, he managed to talk a company into handing them some free tickets.His self-confidence is the product of the school’s creative teaching methods. At Wilson’s school, there are no grades until students turn 15, no timetables and no lecture-style teaching. The students decide which subjects they want to study and when they want to take an exam. Their required subjects are limited to Math, German, English and Social Studies. Besides, they can choose other courses such as “Responsibility” and “Challenge.”The school’s headmaster, Maggy Green argues that the most important skil l a school can passdown to its students is the ability to motivate themselves. Therefore, students at her school are encouraged to prove their skills in creative ways. For example, instead of taking a math exam, they code a computer game.After many years’ efforts, the school has got the best grades among Berlin’s public schools. Their teaching approach is going nationwide. About 40 schools in Germany are adopting some or all of the school’s methods. One school recently let a student hike across the Alps for a “Challenge” project. “Things are only getting started,” says the headmaster.(Now listen again, please.)Questions:11. In the schoolmaster’s opinion, what is the most important skill that a school should teach its students?12. Which statement can describe the students’ study at this school?13. Which is true according to the passage?Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.Over a century ago, Walter Smith took rare pictures of Native Americans and their culture. Walter was the son of a wealthy businessman from Pennsylvania. He developed an interest in the American West after he went there in 1895 to recover from his illness.A year later, he returned to the West. This time he went as a photographer. His job was to take pictures for an investigation of national forests. While there, he came into contact with the Blackfoot community and began a life-long interest in them.Over the next 20 years, he took several thousand photographs of the Blackfoot Indians. The name Blackfoot is thought to have come from the color of their footwear.Walter Smith was worried that the expanding of the American West would wipe out the Blackfoot. He was fearful that their traditional culture would be lost, so he recorded their way of life before it disappeared. He wrote books and spoke in public about his experiences with the Blackfoot people. During the early 1800s, the Blackfoot had about 20,000 members. However, their population was reduced to fewer than 5,000 by the early 20th century.Walter tried his best to enter the Blackfoot world and explained their life and culture to other Americans. The pictures taken by Walter represent an idealized version of an endangered cultureat the beginning of the modern age.(Now listen again, please.)Questions:14. Why did Walter Smith go to the American West in 1896?15. What can be inferred from the passage?16. What is the passage mainly about?Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.W: Hey, Daniel. There’s a new superhero mov ie opening this weekend. Do you want to go see it on Saturday?M: Superhero movies are really great, but I don’t usually go to the theatre to watch them.W: Seriously? How can you wait for so long? As for me, I have to see new movies right away. And the newly-built magnificent theatre makes you feel like you are right there.M: I don’t need to go to the theatre to feel the excitement. My TV is HD 3-D, and I have surround sound.W: That does sound cool. But nothing compares to seeing a movie on a huge theater screen. Besides, you have to wait a long time for the DVD to come out!M: There are plenty of other movies available on DVD, so I just watch those.W: But what if someone tells you about the movie before it comes out on DVD? It’s almost impossible to avoid spoilers nowadays because everyone talks about the latest movies online. M: Actually, I don’t mind spoilers. It’s kind of fun to know what’s going to happen.W: But you lose the excitement of watching it for the first time.M: For most action mo vies, it’s easy to guess the plot. The bad guy tries to take over the world, fights against superheroes, superheroes win.W: But they’re still entertaining, especially when you watch one with friends at a theatre.M: Honestly, I think it’s more fun to wa tch movies at home with friends. Then you can interact more freely. And just think of the money you save on movie tickets and snacks!W: Sure, renting DVDs is cheap. But I can buy a lot of movie tickets for the price of your entertainment system.M: True, but I can enjoy it every day with my home-entertainment system.W: Yeah, I guess. Well, I’m going to book my ticket for the movie this weekend. Are you sure you don’t want to come?M: I’m sure. But you can watch it again with me when it comes out on DVD.(Now listen again, please.)Questions:17. What does the woman enjoy doing?18. Why does the man prefer watching movies on DVD?19. What can we learn about the two speakers from the conversation?20. What will the man do in the end?II. Grammar and VocabularySection A(10分)Directions: After reading the passage below，fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.This is where my kids grew upFor years now, I've been wanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and I raised our kids. But to me, this house is more than just a building. In the front room, there's a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines. Every growth stage(21)________(mark) in pencils, with each child’s name and the date.Of all the objects and all the memories, it's this one thingin a home that’s (22)(hard) to leave behind. Our kidsgrow in so many ways, but the wall is physical evidence of theirprogress. Friends I know have visited their previous home only(23) (discover) their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. Over the years, I've talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved, (24)________ ________ the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing. So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do (25)________ about it.They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer (26)________ work is about capturing the beautiful things in life. She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, (27)________(take) photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints, and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph (28)________ we had experienced in all those years. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, (29)________ (transform) them into a beautiful history of my family.Three weeks later, my children’s wo nderful gift made its way to me-(30)________ life-size photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.【答案】21. is marked 22. the hardest 23. to discover 24. even though/if25. something 26. whose 27. took 28. what 29. transforming 30. a【解析】41.考察谓语动词，根据语义描述现在这面墙是什么样的，故此处应填现在完成时“is marked”。
2020届上海市嘉定区高三英语一模试卷(含答案及听力)
2019学年度嘉定区高三年级第一次质量调研英语试卷（满分140分考试时间120分钟）I. Listening ComprehensionSection A （10分）Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the endof each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, readthe four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the questionyou have heard.1. A. Terrific. B. Tough. C. Exciting.D. Well-paid.2. A. Have her parents live on campus.B. Call local hotels again in a few days.C. Phone the Cliffside Inn for a reservation.D. Ask her parents to come on another weekend.3. A. Put on a coat at once. B. Exchange the tickets.C. Take care of his cold.D. Watch the game at home.4. A. She has to post a letter instead. B. She can’t send the message right now.C. She’s not sure if the computer is fixed.D. She has to turn down the man’s request.5. A. The book is much too long. B. He hasn’t read the book yet.C. He seldom reads such a book.D. The book is very interesting.6. A. He has already seen the film. B. He is unlikely to go to the cinema.C. He has just recovered from the flu.D. He doesn’t think highly of the film.7. A. Think about getting a job at another place. B. Find a suitable job to work happily.C. Sign up for more than one journalism class.D. Call the news agency about the job.8. A. She wishes she had seen the play.B. The scenery could have been more realistic.C. The makeup wasn’t as good as the scenery.1D. The actors should have worn ancient makeup.9. A. She contacts her parents occasionally.B. She phones her parents regularly at weekends.C. She visits her parents when the fares are down.D. She often calls her parents regardless of the rate.10. A. They cannot finish the assignment until Thursday.B. They have plenty of time to work on the assignment.C. The assignment looks easy but actually quite difficult.D. The assignment is difficult for them to complete on time.Section B （15分）Directions:In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversationwill be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. How to share responsibilities. B. How to motivate themselves.C. How to respond to challenges.D. How to code computer games.12. A. They don’t receive grades. B. They don’t have to take exams.C. They can do whatever they like.D. They must study math and English.13. A. More schools are trying the creative approach to teaching.B. More students are being sent to hike across the Alps.C. More teenagers are coming to study at the school.D. More teachers are designing “challenge” projects.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To take photos for an investigation.B. To pursue his hobby of photography.2C. To recover from an illness and gain health.D. To further his interest in the American West.15. A. Walter Smith began to study Blackfoot culture as a part-time job.B. The Blackfoot community was a great attraction to other Americans.C. Walter Smith was devoted to protecting and spreading Blackfoot culture.D. The Blackfoot officially received its name for the color of their footwear.-long dream to enter the Blackfoot world.16. A. Walter Smith’s lifeB. Walter Smith’s efforts to save an endangered culture.C. Walter Smith’s journey to Blackfoot’s community.D. The precious pictures of the Blackfoot Indians.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Talking about the latest movies freely online. B. Watching movies on the bigtheatre screens.C. Watching movies with her best friends.D. Seeing new movies onweekends.18. A. Because he wants to save money and snacks as well.B. Because he can avoid being influenced by spoilers (剧透).C. Because he wants to interact freely while watching movies.D. Because action movies shown at the theatre have the similar plot.19. A. They enjoy watching superhero movies.B. They like sharing the latest movies online.C. They appreciate interacting freely with friends.D. They are fond of guessing the plot of new movies.20. A. Watch the new movie with the woman on DVD.B. Wait to be informed about the contents of the movie.C. Watch the superhero movie when the DVD comes out.D. Rent the cheapest DVD to watch whatever movies available.II. Grammar and Vocabulary3Section A （10分）Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.This is where my kids grew upFor years now, I’ve beenwanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and I raisedour kids. But to me, this house is more than just a building. In the front room, there’s a has hundreds of pencil lines.Every growth stage (21)__________(mark) in pencils, with eachchild’s name and the date.Of all the objects and all the memories, it’s this one thing in ahome that’s(22)__________(hard) to leave behind. Our kids grow in so manyways, but the wall is physical evidence of their progress. Friends Iknow have visited their previous home only (23)__________(discover)their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. Over the years,I’ve talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behindwhen I moved, (24)______ ______ the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stoppedgrowing. So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do (25)__________ about it.They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer (26)__________ work is aboutcapturing the beautiful things in life. She came to our house while I was at work, and over severalhours, (27)__________(take) photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints,and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph (28)__________ we had experienced in allthose years. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, (29)__________(transform)them into a beautiful history of my family.Three weeks later, my children’s wonderful gift made its way to me —(30)__________ life-sizephoto of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.Section B （10分）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box.Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.A. emphasizesB. principleC. enormousD. helpingE. energizedF. activeG. increased H. absorbing I. benefits J. analyzed K. temperateEmphasizing social play in kindergarten improves academicsEmphasizing social play and students helping one another in kindergarten improves academicoutcomes, self-control and attention regulation, finds new UBC research. The study, published inthe journal PLoS One, found this approach to kindergarten curriculum also ____31____children’sjoy in learning and teachers’ enjoyment of teaching.4“Before children have the ability to sit for long periods ____32____information, they need tobe allowed to be ____33____and be encouraged to learn by doing,” said Dr. Adele Diamond, thepeople of all ages learn better by doing than by being told.”study’s lead author. “Indeed,Through a controlled experiment, Diamond and her colleagues ____34____the effectiveness ofa curriculum called Tools of the Mind (Tools). The curriculum was introduced to willing kindergartenteachers and 351 children with different backgrounds in 18 public schools.Tools was developed in 1993 by two American researchers. Its basic ____35____is that social-emotional development and improving self-control is as important as teaching academic skills andcontent. The Tools ____36____ the role of social play in developing skills such as self-control,self-control and selective attention are necessary forselective attention and planning. “Skills likelearning. They are often more strongly associated with school readiness (入学准备) thanintelligence quotient (IQ),” said Diamond. “This experiment is the first to show ____37____ of a curriculum emphasizing social play.”Teachers reported more ____38____ behavior and greater sense of community in Tools classes. Late in theschool year, Tools teachers reported they still felt ____39____ and excited about teaching, while teachers in thecontrol group were exhausted. “I have enjoyed seeing the ____40____ progress my students have made in writing said a Tools teacher in Vancouver. “I have also enjoyed seeing the students get so excited aboutand reading.” school,coming to school and learning. They loved all the activities so much that many students didn’t w even if they were sick.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection A （15分）Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In product design, imagining users’ feelings leads to more original outcomes Researchers find that in new product design, connecting with users’ heart, rather than th head, can lead to more original and creative outcomes.-term success. Thus, Developing original and 41 products is critical to a company’s longunderstanding what influences originality can have important and potentially 42 consequencesfor businesses. Ravi Mehta, a professor of business administration, shows that adopting a(n) 43that imagines how the user would feel while using a product leads designers to experience greaterempathy（同感）, which 44 creativity and, in turn, outcome originality for new product design.There are two ways that the product designer can 45 the consumer’s product usage. Onefocuses on objective use of the product—how consumers might use the product, that is, anfeelings—how the product makes the“objective –imagination” approach. The other focuses on-imagination” approach.consumer feel, a “feelingsConsumers always want to have new products that solve problems more efficiently and at aless cost. So product designers 46 this trap of being very objective in focusing on the use of a5product. That’s important, but the47 of usage can only attract consumers in some ways. 48 ,the feelings-imagination approach leads designers to experience greater empathy, which makesThis leads to greater outcome originality. Mehta said,them more 49 to the consumers’ ideas.“when you imagine consumers and focus on their feelings, that’s powerful and will lead toshowssomething much more innovative than only focusing on a product’s usage.” The research that a feelings-based approach is 50 to the commonly used objective-based approach, theresearchers wrote. It not only helps product designers build a better product, but it also helps themcreate more innovative products.The implications of the findings extend to everyday consumers, who now play a role in shaping51 consumers for new product ideas.”companies’ design. Mehta said, “Marketers are increasingly52 , there was a very successful campaign a few years ago that focused on getting consumers tocreate a new potato chip flavor.The experiments demonstrated a 53 effect of adopting a feelings-imagination approach.That suggests that these designers may 54 imagining users’ feelings. In this way, designers can develop products that could 55 to the masses. Companies can easily adopt this process andpromote feelings-imagination exercises through their websites or social media.41. A. primary B. innovative C. naturalD. domestic42. A. temporary B. slight C. indefiniteD. profitable43. A. policy B. proposal C. approachD. standard44. A. enhances B. exhibits C. illustratesD. explores45. A. recommend B. extend C. exploitD. imagine46. A. fall apart B. figure out C. fall intoD. turn into47. A. originality B. objectivity C. creativityD. flexibility48. A. In conclusion B. In addition C. As a resultD. By contrast49. A. open B. harmful C. resistantD. equal50. A. evident B. superior C. relevantD. alert51. A. joining in B. applying to C. turning to D.taking in52. A. In reality B. In other words C. What’s more D.For example53. A. dramatic B. positive C. negative6D. serious54. A. depend on B. benefit from C. contribute to D. involve in55. A. appeal B. refer C. adaptD. commitSection B （22分）Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)When she was ten years old, Isadora Duncan dropped out of school to teach people dance. Ifthat job was left to any other ten-year-old, it would have turned out frustrating, difficult, and a littlediscouraging.But Duncan was different. Not only was she already talented enough toearn money even at that age, but she also had a rare kind of confidence thathelped her treat troubles as fuel—something to elevate the fire that isalready burning inside of her.It’s no surprise, then, that when she moved to New York to join a theatrecompany, she found herself restricted. The existing dancing style, their way ofoperating—all of this seemed to her the work of a misguided past. Duncan wasvery direct about what she wanted, confidently telling people she had adifferent vision of dance that she was going to spread in the world. This,naturally, led to ridicule and laughs early on, but as she built up her work, these instances becameless frequent. Today, she is remembered as “The Mother of Dance,” with much of the modern atowing its expressive style to her influence. Inspired by the ancient Greeks, she brought the style tolife.In her autobiography (自传), one of the things Duncan frequently refers to as the basis of herexpressive spirit is the fact that she had a childhoo d where she wasn’t constantly watched. Theexpectations of her mother (who raised her) were open-ended. It was the freedom of this lifestylethat drove her to see what she could do.Growing up, before she left school, she was told one of two things: that she was eithercompletely useless or that she was a genius. There was nothing in between. Even when she startedworking, people either bowed to her or they basically ignored her. But there wasn’t on Duncan doubted her own genius.7There is an old quo tation “if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its wholelife believing that it is stupid.” And it captures an important truth. At school, Isadora Duncan was a failure. In the dance hall, she gave form to brilliance.56. What doe s the underlined phrase “treat troubles as fuel” mean?A. Duncan used troubles to push her forward towards her dream.B. Duncan was good at burning away everyday troubles.C. Troubles turned Duncan into a confident girl.D. Troubles lit the fire of dancing in Duncan.57. Which of the following is TRUE about Duncan?A. Her experience in New York was the foundation of her career.B. Her teaching job when she was little destroyed her confidence.C. Her dancing style was not very well received at the beginning.D. Her mother set higher expectation on her than she could bear.58. What does the author try to tell the readers in the last paragraph?A. It is useless climbing a tree to catch fish.B. Everybody is a genius in his own way.C. Miseries come from human stupidity.D. Teachers can impact students greatly.59. What is this passage mainly about?A. Isadora Duncan’s childhood and her achievements today.B. Duncan’s career development and other dancers’ opinions of her.C. Isadora Duncan’s early experiences and the reasons for her success.D. Duncan’s high status in the dancing world and her unique expressive style.(B)Taking your pulse during physical activity allows you to measure how hard you are exercising.You should exercise to stay within your target heart range.89Increasing your heart rate is a key part of exercise, but it is important that your heart rate is not too high or too low. If you are a beginner, you should also be able to breathe comfortably while exercising. This will ensure that you are exercising at a level that is safe and effective for your body.The chart below illustrates target heart rate ranges for exercise based on the maximal heart rate for selected ages. Here are the steps for using the chart:? If you are doing moderate exercise ,your heart rate should be closer to the 50%range. ? If you are doing vigorous exercise , your heart rate should be closer to the 85% range. ? Try to stay in the 50–85% range when exercising by increasing or decreasing exercise intensity.Measure your exercise heart rate inbeats per minute (BPM).Look at the chart.- Find your age. If your age falls betweenthe ages listed, round up to the next olderage listed.- Compare your heart rate to the targetexercise range. ? Use your index finger (食指) and middle finger. Don ’t use your thumb (拇指) —it has a pulseof its own. ? Place these two fingers on your wrist, just below the base of the thumb.? Count the number of beats (pulses) for 15 seconds.60. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Exercise intensity can be reflected by a person’s heart rate.B. The faster your heart rate is, the more effective the exercise is.C. Vigorous exercise will definitely present a threat to people’s safety.D. The target exercise heart rate range for a 45-year-old is 90–149 BPM.1061. A 34-year-old man is running and the number of pulses he takes for 15 secondsis 40.His fitness coach had better tell him _____________.A. “You are doing fine.”B. “You can run faster.”C. “You should slow down a bit.”D. “You should drink somewater.”62. What is the purpose of this passage?A. To advise people to form a habit of taking their pulses while exercising.B. To inform people of the target heart rate zone for those aged 60 and under.C. To tell people the importance of maintaining moderate amount of exercise.D. To show people how to measure heart rate to keep proper exercise intensity.(C)A tiny clue found in ancient deposits has unlocked big secrets about Greenlandpast and future climate. Just beyond the northwest edge of the vast Greenland IceSheet, researchers have discovered lake mud that have survived the last ice age.The mud, and remains of common flies in it, record two interglacial periods（间冰期）in northwest Greenland.Although researchers have long known these two periods—the early Holoceneand Last Interglacial—experienced warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly speciesshows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought. “As far as we know,it has never been found in Greenland. We think this is the first time anyone hasreported it in ancient deposits or modern lakes there,” Axford said. “We were re surprised to see how far north it migrated (迁徙).”This new information could help researchers better measure Greenland’s sensitivity to warming, by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheetbehaviour. Those models could then improve predictions of how Greenland’s ice sheet might respond to man-made global warming. After all, Greenland covers 80per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sealevel. “Northwest Greenland might feel really remote, but what happens to that icesheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world,” saidYarrow Axford, an associate professor in the team. “One of the big uncertainties in climate science is how fast the Earth changes when it gets warmer. Geology gives usan opportunity to see what happened when t he Earth was warmer than today,” saidAxford.People might be surprised to see how today’s Greenland looked during the last two interglacial periods. During the Last Interglacial, global sea levels increased by15 to 30 feet, largely due to thinning of Gre enland and Antarctica’s ice sheets. However, now researchers believe northern Greenland’s ice sheet experienced stronger warming than previously thought, which could mean that Greenland is moreresponsible for that sea-level rise.Finding lake deposits older than about 10,000 years, however, has beenhistorically very difficult in Greenland. To measure these ancient temperatures,researchers look to ice cores (冰核) and lake deposits. Since ice and lake depositsform by a gradual buildup on annual layers of snow or mud, these cores containhistory of the past. By looking through the layers, researchers can obtain climateclues from centuries ago.63.Why are the remains of flies mentioned in the first two paragraphs?A. They serve as evidence that there is still life in the Northwest Greenland.B. They were one of the many ancient lives that were left in the Greenland mud.C. They are indicators that Greenland was much warmer than previously thought.D. They help the researchers realize that there was once a warm period in the Arctic.64.The new information about Greenland is important because______________.A. researchers have no idea how to measure Greenland’s warming speedB. it can help researchers better predict Greenland’s response to warmingC. people should be more sensitive to the changes in the ice in GreenlandD. it is uncertain how fast the Earth changes with man-made global warming65.Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. It is easier for today’s scientists to find ancient lake deposits.B. People are surprised at the landscape feature of Greenland today.C. Researchers measure the changing temperatures by directly examining mud.D. Greenland holds enough ice that might one day threaten life in coastal cities.66.Which do you think is the best title of the passage?A. Greenland Used to Be Much GreenerB. Earth Once Experienced Warm PeriodsC. Coastal Cities Warned of Coming DisastersD. Northwest Greenland, A Perfect DestinationSection C （8分）Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentencegiven in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are twomore sentences than you need.South Africa still has a long way to go on the right to foodA. As a result, questions of hunger are largely absent in South African politics.B. Handling food injustice requires a transformation of the undesirable structure ofthe food system.C. Therefore, the government has put forward numerous food and nutrition securityprograms to fight against hunger.D. This means that smaller scale producers, processors and retailers are squeezedout.E. Hunger, lack of nutrition and related illnesses are not equally spread.F. There are international examples of governments taking their obligationsseriously with regard to the right to food.Fifty-four percent of South Africans are hungry or at risk of hunger. Hungerability to live full and productive lives because affects people’s health, as well as theirthe rights to dignity, health and education are affected by hunger.______67_____ There are significant race, class and gender differences. For example, black South Africans are 22 times more likely to be food insecure compared with white South Africans. Food insecurity is defined as not having physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe,and nutritious food that meets dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.This unequal distribution indicates a situation of severe food injustice in South Africa. Yetfrom the research with urban farmers it’s clear that people do not know of the right to food, and don’t see unequal access to nutritious food as an injustice. ______68_____While there are frequent protests around access to jobs, education, housing, water and electricity, we rarely, if ever, see protests about access to food.One of the drivers of unequal access to food is the way in which the industrial food system works. For example, a few large companies dominate each aspect of the food value chain. ______69_____Because the large companies dominate the supply chain, they are able to maximize profits at the expense of small-scale producers, to whom they pay very low prices.______70_____It needs to ensure that marginalized producers, processors and retailers have an opportunity to earn a decent living. At the same time corporate dominance needs to be addressed.Anyway, at the most basic level, it requires that South Africans know they have a right tofood in the first place.IV. Summary writing （10分）71. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Most of us — even those at the top — struggle with public-speaking anxiety.When I ask my clients what makes them nervous, invariably they respond with thesame answers: “I don’t like being watched”, “I don’t like the eyes on me” o like being in the spotlight”.To understand why, we need to go way back to prehistoric times, when humansregarded eyes watching us as an existential threat. Those eyes were likely predators(肉食动物) and people were terrified of being eaten alive. The bad news is that ourbrains have transferred the ancient fear of being watched into public speaking. Inother words, public-speaking anxiety is in our DNA.Fortunately, there is a solution: human generosity. The key to disarming ourpanic button is to turn the focus away from ourselves and toward helping theaudience. Studies have shown that an increase in generosity indeed leads to adecrease in amygdala (扁桃腺) activity, which is responsible for our panic feeling inthe brain. When we are kind to others, we overcome the sense of being under attackand start to feel less nervous.Admittedly, this is hard to do. But it’s absolutely possible to become a generous speaker. To begin with, when you start preparing for a presentation, the mistake youoften make is starting with the topic. Instead, you should start with the audience.Identify the audience’s needs, and craft a message that speaks directly to thoseneeds. Also, you are the most nervous right before you speak. This is the momentwhen your brain is telling you, “Everyone is judging me.” But it is exactly themoment when you should refocus your brain. Over time, your brain will begin to getit, and you will become less nervous.V. Translation （15分）Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given inthe brackets.72. 有些地方因污染而出现了许多奇怪的疾病。
2020年上海市嘉定区第一中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析
2020年上海市嘉定区第一中学高三英语一模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AStaying-at-home proves to be effective in slowing the spread of the virus, but loneliness can be tough for many. Luckily, in the age of social media, we are never truly alone. And with the extra time spent indoors, artists are stepping up to help us all with the following clubs.Drawing from Distance by Sarah Beth MorganLet’s shine some light during this trying time and encourage social distancing! I’m starting this tomorrow myself — but from what I offer, take whatever you please. No rules! Just have fun!Stayathome Art Club byCarsonEllisHello! I’ll be posting art homework here every weekday morning when I can. They’ll be designed for kids and grownups alike. Here is your first homework: Draw a picture of yourself from the shoulders up. You can follow some useful examples. If you want to share or see other people’s self-picture, use these hashtags: #Stayathomeartclub# QACselfportrait30-Day indoor Art by Danielle KrysaOne month of avoiding crowds? I’m in! I challenge you to use this time inside to make one piece every day from now until mid April. Please join me in playing around with some painting ideas that have been rolling around in my head but haven’t found their way onto paper yet. Stay at home, make art, save someone’s life.DIY from Illustoria MagazineWe have been so inspired to see our community come together to provide easy art projects for families during this stay-at-home-time! DIY is actually a fantastic way tosparkyour imagination without breaking a sweat. A video every day will teach you how to DIY something.1. What do we know about Sarah Beth Morgan?A. She is a strict artist.B. She aims at training more artists.C. She prefers to work at home office.D. She will provide a wide range of choices.2. What are you expected to do if you join Stayathome Art Club?A. Hand in homework every day.B. Share other people’s pictures.C. Draw a picture of yourself.D. Show up in person occasionally.3. What does “spark”in the last paragraph probably mean?A. Set off.B. Set down.C. Set aside.D. Set about.BOn September 7, 1930, Yuan Longping was born inBeijing. Fluent in English, his mother often read Friedrich Nietzsche's works to him. Influenced by his mother, Yuan Longping liked English,geography and chemistry at school. After graduating from university, he became a teacher in the countryside ofHunanin 1953.With lots of crop failures, nationwide hunger hitChinain the 1960s, making many people live a bad life. Yuan was sad and felt he must do something. Since the climate inHunanwas not friendly to growing wheat. He decided to devote himself to studying how to increase the production of rice, a basic food for over 60 percent of Chinese people. From then on, he began a lifelong connection with rice.Yuan Longping succeeded in growing the world's first high production hybrid rice (杂交水稻) variety in 1973, which could reach a yield of over 500 kg per more than 200 kg than before. For the next four decades, he continued to work on the research of hybrid rice. In 2020, hybrid rice developed by his team achieved 1,500 kg permuin two growing seasons, a new world record.Nowadays, the hybrid rice is grown in almost half ofChina's rice fields and its production accounts for 60 percent of the total rice production inChina. The hybrid rice production is 20 percent more than the common kinds , the yearly increase of which feeds up to 100 million people.In 2019, Yuan Longping, known as the “Father of hybrid rice”, was awarded with Medal of the Republic,China's highest honor.Yuan Longping's biggest dream in life was to develop more hybrid rice varieties, which could be grown all over the world to help solve the global food problem. So far, the hybrid varieties he developed have been grown in over 40 countries, including theUSA,BrazilandIndia.4. What do we know about Yuan Longping according to the text?A. He began to study hybrid rice in 1973.B. He received the highest honor inChinaat 90.C. He ever taught math in the city after graduation.D. He ever hoped Chinese would be free from hunger.5. How does the author mainly show the achievements of Yuan Longping in hybrid rice?A. By listing figures.B. By quoting reports.C. By imagining results.D. By explaining reasons.6. Which of the following best describes Yuan Longping according to the text?A. Patient and honest.B. Energetic and athletic.C. Capable and remarkable.D. Humorous and adventurous.7. What is the text mainly about?A. The life of Yuan Longping.B. The team of Yuan Longping.C. The honor of Yuan Longping.D. The education of Yuan Longping.CI waschecking out at the supermarket counter on Wednesday night, ready to pay for my bananas, when all ofa sudden, fear came upon me. My wallet was gone. And I could only have left it one place: the G9 bus, from which I had gotten off minutes earlier and which was now speeding to some stops. The moment of realizing it was gone was followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the credit cards, the driver's license, the expensive lipstick ($ 55!).Two hours after I was back at my house, I heard a knock on the door. My husband answered while I sat in the dining room on the phone with a credit card company. "Does Jennifer live here?" I heard someone say. In her hand was my wallet, without a penny missing. She left before I could offer my gratitude to her.After I posted the story, I heard from her boyfriend, who identified the good citizen as Erin Ball, a 26-year-old girl working for a trade organization.Once I figured out her, I called to thank her. She said she spotted my wallet and thought that it's more dangerous to go to a stranger's house than leaving the wallet with the driver, but she still decided to take the chance. "If I were in that situation, I would want someone to try to find me," she said. Ball doesn't find her actions particularly excellent. She added, "It's not hard to do small things for people."After Ball found my wallet, she decided to post a picture of my driver's license online before going to my house, trying to see if anyone knew me. No sooner had she left my doorstep than I got emails from two neighbors who recognized my face, both offering to help me find my missing property.Ball found my house on a bitterly cold night,for which I was extremely grateful. Looking back, I'm not surprised someone had wanted to help a stranger. A warm current of honesty and harmony is running through this town.8. What do we know about the author according to paragraph 1?A. She missed the G9 bus.B. She paid for her bananas.C. She replaced the credit cards.D. She found she had left her wallet on the bus.9. Who helped the author find Ball?A. The G9 driver.B. The girl's boyfriend.C. The author's neighbors.D. The author's husband.10. What did Ball do first after finding the wallet?A. Ball called the author.B. Ball went to the author's house.C. Ball gave the wallet to the bus driver.D. Ball posted a photo of the author's driving license.11. Which of the following best describes Erin Ball?A. Humorous and kind.B. Generous and demanding.C. Honest and warm-hearted.D. Caring and outgoing.DNaomi Cooke was walking with a friend and their dogs through her local park in Burnside, on Tuesday when she heard someone shout to watch out. Cooke turned and hardly had time to react before a flying disc hit her in the face with a "big bang”, leaving her right cheek swollen almost to the size of a golfball.Two men playing disc golf at the course in Jellie Park were about 20 metres fromthe pairwhen one of them threw the disc hard, aiming for a nearby goal.After being hit Cooke immediately went to the emergency department, where two CT scans on her face and cheek found she had escaped any broken bones. "I'm lucky it didn't hit my eye because I think I would have lost it." Cooke said.Cooke often walks her dog at the park and said it was always busy with people playing disc golf, but it was notuntil after Tuesday that she became concerned about public safety there.There were no signs about the disc golf course in the park, she said, and the area is shared with children and people walking their dogs.“If it had hit one of the kids in the head, it could have killed them.” Cooke did not think she was the only person who had been hit before, and said there would be others who share her concerns.Cooke planned to go to the council, saying it needed to realise how dangerous it was for the space to be shared by everyone and to provide disc golfers with a space where they can play safely. "There should be rules about how it's done, making it safe for everyone.”12. What happened to Cooke on Tuesday?A. She was struck by a golf ball.B. She was hit by a flying disc.C. She was beaten by two men.D. She was frightened by a mad dog.13. What do the underlined words "the pair" in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. Cooke and her friend.B. Cooke and her dog.C. The two disc golfers.D. The two CT scans.14. How did Cooke feel about people playing disc golf in the park?A. Acceptable.B. Shocked.C. Angry.D. Worried.15. Why did Cooke plan to go to the council?A. To get the two men in trouble.B. To call for a ban on disc golf.C. To ask for personal protection.D. To call for safer places for disc golf.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届上海市交通大学附属中学嘉定分校高三英语一模试题及答案
2020届上海市交通大学附属中学嘉定分校高三英语一模试题及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATry one of these amazing destinations on your next vacation.MallorcaOn the popular Spanish island of Mallorca, farmhouse inns focus more on providing isolation and quietness than offering hands-on farming experiences. With millions of visitors staying on the beaches of Mallorca and the other Balearic Islands each summer, a little bit of isolation is a good thing for aloneness-seeking travelers. Mainly located in the hills of inland Mallorca, these inns range from rustic century-old farmhouses to luxury(奢侈的) villas with spas and swimming pools.HawaiiPeople who don't want to dig out their passport but still want their farm adventure can head to the island of Hawaii. The 50th state talks much about the well-developed farm tourism industry that can hold people with different interests. Agritourism choices range from visiting coffee plantations(种植园) in the Big Island's Kona region to exploring the plantations on Maui to staying on farms on the easily reachable island of Oahu. CaliforniaCalifornia is one ofthe best places in the U. S. to enjoy a farm-stay, thanks to the diversity of crops and farms. Small family farms and large farms offer a more hands-on approach to agritourism. Many of them teach small-scale farming techniques and even offer strategies for organic growing. The University of California system, one of the largest state-run higher education systems in the U.S., has a small-farm program that helps growers create agritourism businesses.Philippine IslandsWith diverse conditions on different islands, the Philippine Islands are ideal places for visiting multiple agritourism sites or focusing on one product. Tourists can visit a huge pineapple plantation for a taste of large-scale agriculture, or they could focus on smaller operations such as bee farms, and even small plantations that specialize in growing tropical produce such as dragon fruit.1. What kind of people will choose to go to Mallorca?A. Those who prefer peace of mind.B. Those who like lying on the beach.C. Those who enjoy the luxury of tourism.D. Those who want to experience farming.2. What can people do on the Philippine Islands?A. Live in farmhouses.B. Visit plantations.C. Learn farming techniques.D Take part in a farm program.3. What are the four places in the text famous for?A. Locations.B. Environments.C. Local products.D. Tourism features.BEven as Google plans to test its fleet (车队) of self-driving cars on public roads this summer, its business model remains abit of a mystery. By 2025, as many as 250,000 self-driving vehicles could be sold each year globally, according to a study by an industry research firm.“Vehicles that can take anyone from A to B at the push of a button could transform mobility for millions of people,” said Chris Urmson, director of Google’s self-driving car project. For now, Google has no plans to sell any of its self-driving cars. They are strictly for research. But they will hit public roads this summer near Google’s headquarters inMountain View,California. Previous testing has taken place only on closed courses.The cars are built to operate without a steering wheel, accelerator (油门) or brake pedal. “Our software and sensors do all the work,” Urmson said. “The vehicles will be very basic — we want to learn from them and adapt them as quickly as possible — but they will take you where you want to go at the push of a button.” The prototype (雏形) is the first of a 100-car fleet the tech giant is building.In the long run, Urmson sees a future of safer roads — the majority of auto accidents are caused by human error — and fewer traffic jams. Robotic cars could also shuttle people who can’t drive because of age or illness.Google has said that self-driving cars could launch new business models in which people buy the use of vehicles they don’t own. The company has already tested other types of self-driving cars on public streets, including modified Lexus sport-utility vehicles, under a special permit program by the California Department ofMotor Vehicles that requires a human driver at the controls.The state has issued six other companies permits to operate such cars, includingDelphi, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, Tesla, Bosch and Nissan. The vehicles that will be tested on open roads this summer will have removable steering wheels, accelerators and brake pedals to allow “safety drivers” to take control if needed.4. According to Chris Urmson, __________.A. self-driving cars can give driving orders to humansB. self-driving cars are specially designed for the elderlyC. software and sensors are vital for self-driving carsD. ordinary vehicles will be replaced by self-driving cars5. Paragraph 4 is meant to tell us that __________.A. many traffic accidents are caused by human errorB. some people can’t drive because of illness or ageC. Urmson has promised to create safer roads in the futureD. self-driving cars will probably help to make safer roads and decrease traffic jams6. The underlined word “issued” in the last paragraph can probably bereplaced by__________.A. givenB. claimedC. awardedD. prohibited7. What’s the author’s attitude towards self-driving cars?A. Objective.B. Indifferent.C. Subjective.D. Favorable.CGlobal food demand will double by 2050, according to a new projection, and the farming techniques used to meet that unprecedented(空前的) demand will significantly determine how severe the impact is on the environment, researchers said.The study researchers warned that meeting the demand for food would clear more land, increase nitrogen(氮) use and significantly add to carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions.“Agriculture’s greenhouse gas emissions could double by2050 if current trends in global food production continue,” study researcher David Tilman, of theUniversityofMinnesota, said in a statement. “This would be a major problem, since global agriculture already accounts for a third of all greenhouse gas emissions.”The researchers studied various ways in which the increasing food demand could be mentioned. They foundthat the most environmentally friendly and cost-effective approach would be for more food producers to adopt the nitrogen-efficient “intensive” farming method, which involves the heavy use of labor and the production of more crops per acre.This approach was shown to be more effective than the “extensive” farming currently practiced by many poor nations, a method that includes clearing more new land to produce more food.Different farming methods produce significantly different yields, the researchers found — in 2005, the crop yields for the wealthiest nations were more than 300 percent higher than what the poorest nations produced.According to their analysis of the effects of extensive farming, if poorer nations continue using this method, by 2050theywill have cleared an area larger than theUnited States, about 2.5 billion acres. However, if wealthy nations help poorer nations to improve food yields by incorporating(吸收) intensive farming practices, that number could be reduced to half a billion acres.The researchers stress that the environmental effects of meeting future food demand depend on how global agriculture expands and develops.“Our analyses show that we cansave most of the Earth’s remaining ecosystems by helping the poorer nations of the world feed themselves,” Tilman said.8. What is the best title of this passage?A. The World Will Need Double Food by 2050B. Man Will Face the Risk of Lacking Food in the FutureC. Future Farmers Hold Environment’s Fate in Their HandsD. Different Farming Methods Produce Significantly Different Yields9. The character of the extensive farming is ________.A. very cost-effectiveB. to produce more crops per acreC. at cost of more new land to produce more foodD. very environmentally friendly10. It can be inferred from the passage that ________.A. poorer nations mainly use the intensive farmingB. wealthy nations mainly use the extensive farmingC. the intensive farming needs less food producersD. the extensive farming has a worse effect on ecosystems11. According to the passage, the underlined word “they” in the 7th paragraph refers to “________”.A. poorer nationsB. the effects of extensive farmingC. wealthy nationsD.future food demandDAs every mobile-phone owner knows, after a year or so the battery starts to fade and the beast needs recharging more frequently.That is troublesome, but a phone’s batteries can be replaced fairly cheaply — or the whole device traded in for the latest model. An electric car, though, is a much bigger investment. And batteries are its priciest component, representing around 30% of an average mid-size vehicle.To provide buyers with some peace of mind, carmakers guarantee their batteries, typically for eight years or around 200,000km. Producers, planning to go much further than that, though, are racing to launch “million mile”(1.6m kilometers) batteries. Contemporary Amperex Technology, a giant Chinese firm which produces batteries fora number of carmakers, was said to be ready to start producing batteries which would last for 16 years or 2m kilometres. Elon Musk has suggested that Tesla,a Californian maker of electric vehicles, has a million-mile battery in the works. And over in Detroit,General Motors is in the final stages of developing an advanced battery which it says has similar longevity (寿命)。
2019-2020学年嘉定区高考英语一模
1拿到试卷：熟悉试卷刚拿到试卷一般心情比拟紧张,建议拿到卷子以后看看考卷一共几页,有多少道题,了解试卷结构,通览全卷是克服“前面难题做不出,后面易题没时间做〞的有效举措,也从根本上预防了“漏做题〞.2做题顺序：从卷首依次开始一般来讲,全卷大致是先易后难的排列.所以,正确的做法是从卷首开始依次做题,先易后难, 最后攻坚.但也不是果断地“依次〞做题,虽然考卷大致是先易后难,但试卷前部特别是中间出现难题也是常见的,执着程度适当,才能绕过难题,先做好有保证的题,才能尽量多得分.3做题策略做题策略一共有三点：1.先易后难、先熟后生.先做简单的、熟悉的题,再做综合题、难题. 2.先小后大.先做容易拿分的小题,再做耗时又复杂的大题. 3.先局部后整体.把疑难问题划分成一系列的步骤,一步一步的解决,每解决一步就能得到一步的分数.4学会分段得分会做的题目要特别注意表达准确、书写标准、语言科学,预防被“分段扣点分〞.不会做的题目我们可以先成认中间结论,往后推,看能否得到结论.如果不能,说明这个途径不对,立即改变方向；如果能得出预期结论,就回过头来,集中力量攻克这一“卡壳处〞.如果题目有多个问题,也可以跳步作答,先答复自己会的问题.5立足中下题目,力争高水平测试时,由于时间和个别题目的难度,多数学生很难做完、做对全部题目,所以在答卷中要立足中下题目.中下题目通常占全卷的80%以上,是试题的主要构成,学生能拿下这些题目,实际上就是有了胜利在握的心理,对攻克高档题会更放得开.6保证运算正确,立足一次性成功在答卷时,要在以快为上的前提下,稳扎稳打,步步准确,尽量一次性成功.不能为追求速度而丢掉准确度,甚至丢掉重要的得分步骤.试题做完后要认真做好解后检查,看是否有空题, 答卷是否准确,格式是否标准.7要学会“挤〞分测试试题大多分步给分,所以理科要把主要方程式和计算结果写在显要位置,文科尽量把要点写清晰,作文尤其要注意开头和结尾.测试时,每一道题都认真思考,能做几步就做几步,对于考生来说就是能做几分是几分,这是测试中最好的策略.8检查后的涂改方式要讲究发现错误后要划掉重新写,忌原地用涂黑的方式改,这会使阅卷老师看不清.如果对现有的题解不满意想重新写,要先写出正确的,再划去错误的.有的同学先把原来写的题解涂抹了,写新题解的时间又不够,本来可能得的分数被自己涂掉了.测试期间遇到这些事,莫慌乱！不管是大型测试还是平时的检测, 或多或少会存在一些突发情况.遇到这些意外情况应该怎么办？为防患于未然,老师家长们应该在考前给孩子讲清楚应急举措,告诉孩子遇事不慌乱,沉重冷静,必要时可以向监考老师寻求帮助.Grammar andVocabulary Section ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.This is where my kids grew upFor years now, I ' ve been wanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and I raised our kids. But to me, this house is more than just a building. In the front room, there 'a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines. Every growth stage (21)(mark) in pencils, with each child name and the date.Of all the objects and all the memories, it ' this one thing in a home that '(22)(hard) to leave behind. Our kids grow in so many ways, but the wall is physical evidence of their progress. Friends I know have visited their previous home only (23) (discover) their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. Over the years, I ' vealked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved, (24) the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing. So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do (25)about it.They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer (26)work is about capturing the beautiful things in life. She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, (27) (take) photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints, and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph (28)we had experienced in all those years. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, (29)(transform) them into a beautiful history of my family.There weeks later, my children w onderful gift made its way to me -- (30) life - size photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth .Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.Emphasizing social play and students helping one another in kindergarten improves academic outcomes, self-control and attention regulation, finds new UBC research. The study, published in the journal PLoS One, found this approach to kindergarten curriculum also 31 _ children ' s joy in learning and teachers ' enjoyment of tea “Before childrenhave the ability to sit for long periods _32_information, they need to be allowed tobe 33 and be encouraged to learn by dong, Dr. Adesaidiamond, the study 'lead author. "Indeed, peopleof all ages learn better by doing than by being told.〞Through a controlled experiment, Diamond and her colleagues_34_the effectiveness of a curriculum called Tools of the Mind (Tools). The curriculum was introduced to willing kindergarten teachers and 351 childrenwith different backgrounds in 18 public schools.Tools was developed in 1993 by two American researchers. Its basic_35_is that social - emotional development and improving self-control is as important as teaching academic skills and content. The Tools 36_the role of social play in developing skills such as self - control, selective attention and planning. - " Skills likescontrol and selective attention are necessary for learning. They are often more strongly associated with school readiness(入学准备) than intelligence quotient (IQ ), “said Diamond. This experiment is the first to show 37 of a curriculum emphasizing social play.〞Teachers reported more _38_behavior and greater sense of community in Tools classes. Late is the school year, Tools teachers reported they still felt _39_and excited about teaching, while teachers in the control group were exhausted. "I have enjoyed seein4(theprogress my students have made in writing and reading. said a Tools teacher in Vancouver. " have also enjoyed seeing the students get so excited about coming to school and learning. They loved all the activities so much that many students didn ' want to miss school, even if they were sick.〞in. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In product design, imagining user ' s feelings leads to more original outcomes Researchers find that in a new p roduct design, connecting with user ' s heart, rather than their head, can lead to more original and creative outcomes.Developing original and_41_products is critical to a company' long-term success. Thus, understanding what influences originality can have important and potentially _42_consequences for businesses. Ravi Mehta, a professor of business administration, shows that adopting a(n)_43_that imagines how the user would feel while using a product leads designers to experience greater empathy (同感),which _44_creativity and, in turn, outcome originality for new product design.There are two ways that the product designer can_45 the consumer ' product usage. One focuses on objective use of the product - how consumers might use the product, that is, an objective - imagination " approach.The other focuses on feelings - how the product makes the consumer feel, a -imag insfeeninga pproach.Consumers always want to have new products that solve problems more efficiently and at a less cost. So product designers _46 _this trap of being very objective in focusing on the use of a product. That ' im portant, leads designers to experience greater empathy, which makes them more_48_, the feelings-imagination approach leads designers to experience greater empathy, which makes them more_49_ to the consumers ideas. This leads to greater outcome originality. Mehta said, “ when you imagine consumers and focus on their feelings, thapowerful ' and will lead to something much more innovative than only focusing on a product 'usage. The research shows that a feelings - based approach is 50 to the commonly used objective - based approach, the researchers wrote. It not only helps product designers build a better product, but is also them create more innovative products.The implications of the findings extend to everyday consumers, who now play a role in shaping companies design. Mehta said, “ Marketers are incre&singnsumers for new product ideas. _ 52,, there was verysuccessful campaign a few years ago focused on getting consumers to create a new potato chip flavor.The experiments demonstrated a _53_effect of adopting a feelings - imagination approach. That suggest that these designers may _ 54 imagining users feelings. In this way, designers can develop products the could _55 _to the masses. Companies can easily adopt this process and promote feelings-imagination exercise through their websites or social media.41. A. primary B. innovative C. natural D. domestic42. A. temporary B. slight C. indefinite D. profitable43. A. policy B. proposal C. approach D. standard44. A. enhances B. exhibits C. illustrates D. explores45. A. recommend B. extend C. exploit D. imagine46. A. fall apart B. figure out C. fall into D. turn into47. A. originality B. objectivity C. creativity D. flexibility48. A. In conclusion B. In addition C. As a result D. By contrast49. A. open B. harmful C. resistant D. equal50. A. evident B. superior C. relevant D. alert51. A. joining in B. applying to C. turning to D. taking to52. A. In reality B. In other words C. What ' s more D. For example53. A. dramatic B. positive C. negative D. serious54. A. depend on B. benefit from C. contribute to D. involve in55. A. appeal B. refer C.adapt D. commitSection BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)When she was ten years old, Isadora Duncan dropped out of school to teach people dance. If that job was le to any other ten-year-old, it would have turned out frustrating, difficult, and a little discouraging.But Duncan was different. Not only was she already talented enough to earn money even at that age, but she also had a rare kind of confidence that helped her treat troubles as fuel -- something to elevate the fire that is already burning inside of her.It ' no surprise, then, that when she moved to New York to join a theatre company, she found herself restricted. The existing dancing style, their way of operating -- all of this seemed to her the work of a misguided past. Duncan was very direct about what she wanted, confidently telling people she had a different vision of dance that she was going to spread in the world. This, naturally, led to ridicule and laughs early on, but as she built up her work, these instances became less frequent. Today, she is remembered as “ The Mother of Dance, " with much of the modern art owing its expressive style to her influence. Inspired by the ancient Greeks, she brought the style to life.In her autobiography (自传),one of the things Duncan frequently refers to as the basis of her expressive spirit is the fact that she had a childhood where shewasn' constantly watched. The expectations of her mother (who raised her) were open - ended. It was freedom of this lifestyle that drove her to see what she could do.Growing up, before she left school, she was told one of two things : that was either completely useless or that she was a genius. There was nothing is between. Even when she started working, people either bowed to her or they basically ignored her. But there wasn' t one moment Duncan doubted her owngenius.There is an old quotation “if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believingthat it is stupid. " And it captures an important truth. At school, Isadora Duncan wasea Ifa the dance hall, shegave from to brilliance.56. What does the underlined phrase “ treat troublmeasi?uel〞A. Duncan used troubles to push her forward towards her dream.B. Duncan was good at burning away everyday troubles.C. Troubles turned Duncan into a confident girl.D. Troubles it the fire of dancing in Duncan.57. Which of the following is TRUE about Duncan?A. Her experience in New York was the foundation of her career.B. Her teaching job when she was little destroyed her confidence.C. Her dancing style was not very well received at the beginning.D. Her mother set higher expectation on her than she could bear.58. What does the author try to tell the readers in the last paragraph?A. It is useless climbing a tree to catch fish.B. Everybody is a genius in his own way.C. Miseries come from human stupidity.D. Teachers can impact students greatly.59. What is this passage mainly about?A. Isadora Duncan ' childhood and her achievements today.B. Duncan ' s career development and other dancers her.opinions ofC. Isadora Duncan ' s eexperiences and the reasons for her success.D. Duncan ' s high status in the dancing world and her unique expressivstyle.(B)Taking your pulse during physical activity allows you to measure how hard you are exercising. You should exercise to sty within your target heart range.Increasing your heart rate is a key part of exercise, but it is important that your heart rate is not too high or too low. If you are a beginner, you should also be able to breathe comfortably while exercising. This will ensure that you are exercising at a level that is safe and effective for your body.The chart below illustrates target heart rate ranges for exercise based on the maximal heart rate for selected ages. Here are steps for using the chart:Target Heart Rate Zone60. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Exercise intensity can be reflected by a person ' s heate.B. The faster your heart rate is, the more effective the exercise is.C. Vigorous exercise will definitely present a threat to people safety. ' sD. The target exercise heart rate range for a 45 -year-old is 90-149 RMB.61. A 34-year-old man is running and the number of pulses he takes for 15 seconds is 40. His finess coach had better tell himA. 〞Yoare doing fine. "B. "Yocan run faster. 〞C. 〞Yoshould slow down a bit. "D. "Yoishould drink some water.〞62. What is the purpose of this passage?A. To advise people to form a habit of taking their pulses while exercising.B. To inform people of the target heart rate zone for those aged 60 an under.C. To tell people the importance of maintaining moderate amount of exercise.D. To show people how to measure heart rate to keep proper exercise intensity.〔C〕A tiny clue found in ancient deposits has unlocked big secrets about Greenland 'past and future climate. Just beyond the northwest edge of the vast Greenland Ice Sheet, researchers have discovered lake mud that have survived the last ice age. The mud, and remains of common flies in it, record two inter-glacial periods 〔间冰期〕in northwest Greenland.Although researchers have long known these two periods -- the early Holocene and Last Inter-glacial - experienced warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly species shows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought. " Asar as we know, it has never been found in Greenland. We think this is the first time anyone has reported it in ancient deposits or modern lakes there, Axford said. " Wwere really surprised to see how far north it migrated 〔迁徙〕.〞This new information could help researchers better measure Greenland ' s sensitivity to warming, by and improving models of climate and ice sheet behaviour. Those models could than improve predictions of how Greenland ' s ice sheet might respond to maniade global warming. After all, Greenland coveres 80 per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level . " Northwest Greenland might feel reallyremote, but what happens to that ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world, said Yarrow Axford, an associate professor in the team. " One of the big uncertaintieerioecisrhiowsast theEarth changes when it gets warmer. Geology gives us an opportunity to see what happened when the Earth was warmer than today, s aid Axford.People might be surprised to see how today ' s Greenland looked during the la-gltwoalnleriods.During the Last Inter-glacial, global sea levels increased by 15 to 30 feet, largely due to thinning of Greenland and Antarctica icessheets. However, now researchers believe northern Greenland 'ice sheet experienced strongerwarming than previously thought, which could mean that Greenland is more responsible for that sea-level rise.Finding lake deposits older than about 10,000 years, however, has been historically very difficult in Greenland. To measure these ancient temperatures, researchers look to ice core s〔冰核〕and lake deposits. Since ice and lake deposits form by a gradual buildup on annual layers of snow or mud, these cores contain history of the past. By looking through the layers, researchers can obtain climate clues from centuries ago.63. Why are the remains of flies mentioned in the first two paragraphs?A. They serve as evidence that there is still life in the Northwest Greenland.B. They were one of the many ancient lives that were left in the Greenland mud.C. They are indicators that Greenland was much warmer than previously thought.D. They help the researchers realize that there was once a warm period in the Arctic.64. The new information about Greenland is important becauseA. researchers have no idea how to measure Greenland speed.warmingB. it can help researchers better predict Greenland warminge sponse toC. people should be more sensitive to the changes in the ice in GreenlandD. it is uncertain how fast the Earth changes with man - made global warming65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. It is easier for today 'scientists to find ancient lake deposits.B. People are surprised at the landscape feature of Greenland today.C. Researchers measure the changing temperatures by directly examining mud.D. Greenland holds enough ice that might one day threaten life in coastal cities.66. Which do you think is the best title of the passage?A. Greenland Used to Be Much GreenerB. Earth Once Experienced Warm PeriodsC. Coastal Cities Warned of Coming DisastersD. Northwest Greenland, A Perfect DestinationSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.South Africa still has a long way to go on the right to foodA. As a result, questions of hunger are largely absent in South African politics.B. Handing food injustice requires a transformation of the under-sirable structure of the food system.C. Therefore, the government has put forward numerous food and nutrition security programs to fight against hunger.D. This means that smaller scale producers, processors and retailers are squeezed out.E. Hunger, lack of nutrition and related illnesses are not equally spread.F. There are international examples of governments taking their obligations seriously with regard to the right to food.Fifty- four percent of South Africans are hungry or at risk of hunger. Hunger affects people ' as their ability to live full and productive lives because the rights to dignity, health and education are affected by hunger.67 ___ There are significant race, class and gender differences. For example, black South Africansare 22 times more likely to be food insecure compared with white South Africans. Food insecurity is defined as not having physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.This unequal distribution indicates a situation of severe food injustice in South Africa. Yet from the researchwith urban farmers it ' s clear that people do not know of the right to food, and don ' t see unequal accej food as an injustice. _____ 68 While there are frequent protests around access to jobs, education, housing,water and electricity, we rarely, if ever, see protests about access to food.One of the drivers of unequal access to food is the way in which the industrial food system works. For example, a few large companies dominate each aspect of the food value chain.69 Because the large companiesdominate the supply chain, they are able to maximize profits at the expense of small - scale producers, to whom they pay very low prices.70 It needs to ensure that marginalized producers, processors and retailers have an opportunityto earn a decent living. At the same time corporate dominance needs to be addressed.Anyway, at the most basic level, it requires that South Africans know they have a right to food in the first place.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Most of us -- even those at the top -- struggle with public - speaking anxiety. When I ask my clients what makes them nervous, invariably they respond with the same answers: "I don ' t like being watchedeyes on me " or "I don ' t like being in the spotlight. 〞To understand why, we need to go way back to prehistoric times, when humans regarded eyes watching us as an existential threat. Those eyes were likely predators (肉食动物) and people were terrified of being eaten alive. The bad news is that our brains have transferred the ancient fear of being watched into public speaking. In other words, public - speaking anxiety is in our DNA.Fortunately, there is a solution: human generosity. The key to disarming our panic button is to turn the focus away from ourselves and toward helping the audience. Studies have shown that an increase in generosity indeed leads to a decrease in amygdala (扁桃腺) activity, which is responsible for our panic feeling in the brain. When we are kind to others, we overcome the sense of being under attack and start to feel less nervous.Admittedly, this is hard to do. But it ' absolutely possible to become a generous speaker. To begin with, when you start preparing for a presentation, the mistake you often make is starting with the topic. Instead, you should start wi th the audience. Identify the audience ' s needs, and craft a message that speaks directly to those needs. Ak you are the most nervous right before you speak. This is the moment when your brain is telling you, judging me. " But it is exactlyet moment when you should refocus your brain. Over time, your brain will begin to get it, and you will become less nervous.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1 .有些地方因污染而出现了许多奇怪的疾病. (arise)2 .全球气候变暖使得一些稀有动物濒临灭绝. (leave)3 .我养成了习惯,趁记忆忧新,就把难忘的经历写下来. (while)4 .该选手的机智及开阔的知识面使评委们大为惊讶,他们一致同意他为冠军获得者. (So ...)VI. Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in 120 - 150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.假设你是明启中学学生王磊,你校下个月将举行中外学生交流活动,现向学生征求活动方案.你主动向校长写信,表达你的想法.你的信包括以下内容：1 .活动的主题；2 .你设计的1-2个活动的具体内容；3 .你设计该活动的理由.嘉定区2021学年第一学期高三英语教学质量检测试卷参考答案Listening: 1-5 BCDBD 6-10 BACBB 11-13 BDA 14-16 ACB 17-20 BCACGrammar:21. is marked 22. the hardest 23. to discover 24. even though/if25. something 26. whose 27. took 28. what 29. transforming 30. aVocabulary: 31-35 GHFJB 36-40 AIDECCloze: 41-45 BDCAD 46-50 CBDAB 51-55 CDBBAReading comprehension : 56-59 ACBC 60-62 ACD 63-66 CBDAReading 六选四：67-70 EADB参考答案：1. Many people have public-speaking anxiety because there are many eyes on the speakers..分〕2. The reason is that humans turned the fear of being watched by predators in prehistoric times into public speaking.〔1分〕3. To solve the problem, people should focus on helping the audience, speaking directly to the audience refocusing your brain before speaking. 〔1 分+1 分+ 1 分〕第二点还可以写成:The reason dates back to prehistoric times when humans regarded eyes watching them as those of the predators that would eat them alive.第三点还可以写成：To solve the problem, people should be generous to the audience/ focus on helping the audience. They should speak directly to the audience ' s needs and refocus their brain before speaking. Possible version 1:Many people have public-speaking anxiety because there are many eyes on the speakers. The reason is that humans turned the fear of being watched by predators in prehistoric times into public speaking. To solve the problem, people should focus on helping the audience, speaking directly to the audience ' s needs and refocusing their brain b speaking. 〔55〕Translations:1. Some strange disease have arisen from pollution in some places.Some strange diseases have arisen in some places because of pollution.2. The global warming has left some rare species of animals threatened with extinction. The global warming has left some rare species of animals in great danger of extinction.The global warming (has) left some rare (species of ) animals dying out.3. I have formed/ developed /cultivated a habit of writing down the unforgettable experiences while they ' sell fresh in my mind/ memory.4. So amazed were the judges at the wisdom and wide knowledge of the contestant that they all agrees that he would be the champion. / be the winner./win the championship.。
2020年上海市嘉定区高考英语一模试卷
2020年上海市嘉定区高考英语一模试卷I. Listening Comprehension略II. Grammar and VocabularySection A （10分）Directions： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word，fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks，use one word that best fits each blank.1．(★★★)This is where my kids grew upFor years now， I've been wanting to sell our home， the place where my husband and I raised our kids． But to me， this house is more than just a building． In the front room， there's a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines． Every growth stage （1） is marked （mark） in pencils， with each child's name and the date．Of all the objects and all the memories， it's this one thing in a home that's （2） the hardest （hard） to leave behind． Our kids grow in so many ways，but the wall is physical evidence of their progress． Friends I know have visited their previous home only （3） to discover （discover） their wall of heights has been freshly painted over． Over the years， I've talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved，（4） even though/ even if the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing． So one day， while I was at work， my children decided to do （5） something about it．They hired Jacquie Manning， a professional photographer （6） whose work is about capturing the beautiful things in life． She came to our house while I was at work， and over several hours，（7） took （take） photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines， little grey fingerprints， and old marks． Somehow， she managed to photograph （8） what we had experienced in all thoseyears． Afterwards， she put all the photos together into one image，（9）transforming （transform） them into a beautiful history of my family．Three weeks later， my children's wonderful gift made its way to me -（10）a life-size photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth．Section B （10分）Directions： After reading the passage below， fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.2．(★★)A． emphasizes B． principle C． enormous D． helpingE． energized F． activeG． increased H． absorbing I． benefits J． analyzedK． temperateEmphasizing social play in kindergarten improves academicsEmphasizing social play and students helping one another in kindergarten improves academic outcomes， self-control and attention regulation， finds new UBC research． The study， published in the journal PLoS One， found this approach to kindergarten curriculum also（1） G children's joy in learning and teachers' enjoyment of teaching．"Before children have the ability to sit for long periods（2） H information， they need to be allowed to be（3） F and be encouraged to learn by doing，" said Dr． Adele Diamond， the study's lead author． "Indeed， people of all ages learn better by doing than by being told．"Through a controlled experiment， Diamond and her colleagues（4） J the effectiveness of a curriculum called Tools of the Mind （Tools）． The curriculum was introduced to willing kindergarten teachers and 351 children with different backgrounds in 18 public schools．Tools was developed in 1993 by two American researchers． Its basic（5） Bis that social-emotional development and improving self-control is as important as teaching academic skills and content． The Tools （6） A the role of social play in developing skills such as self-control， selective attention and planning． "Skills like self-control and selective attention are necessary for learning． They are often more strongly associated with school readiness （入学准备）than intelligence quotient （IQ），" said Diamond． "This experiment is the first to show（7） I of a curriculum emphasizing social play．"Teachers reported more（8） D behavior and greater sense of community in Tools classes． Late in the school year， Tools teachers reported they still felt （9） E and excited about teaching， while teachers in the control group were exhausted． "I have enjoyed seeing the（10） C progress my students have made in writing and reading．" said a Tools teacher in Vancouver． "I have also enjoyed seeing the students get so excited about coming to school and learning． They loved all the activities so much that many students didn't want to miss school， even if they were sick．"III. Reading ComprehensionSection A （15分）Directions： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.3．(★★★★)In product design， imagining users' feelings leads to more original outcomesResearchers find that in new product design， connecting with users' heart，rather than their head， can lead to more original and creative outcomes．Developing original and（1） B products is critical to a company's long-term success． Thus， understanding what influences originality can have important and potentially（2） D consequences for businesses． Ravi Mehta， a professor of business administration， shows that adopting a（n）（3） C that imagines how the user would feel while using a product leads designers to experience greater empathy（同感）， which（4） A creativity and， in turn， outcome originalityfor new product design．There are two ways that the product designer can（5） D the consumer's product usage． One focuses on objective use of the product-how consumers might use the product， that is， an "objective -imagination" approach． The other focuses on feelings-how the product makes the consumer feel， a "feelings-imagination" approach．Consumers always want to have new products that solve problems more efficiently and at a less cost． So product designers（6） C this trap of being very objective in focusing on the use of a product． That's important， but the（7）B of usage can only attract consumers in some ways．（8） D ， thefeelings-imagination approach leads designers to experience greater empathy， which makes them more（9） A to the consumers' ideas． This leads to greater outcome originality． Mehta said， "when you imagine consumers and focus on their feelings，that's powerful and will lead to something much more innovative than only focusing on a product's usage．" The research shows that a feelings-based approach is（10）B to the commonly used objective-based approach， the researchers wrote． It not only helps product designers build a better product， but it also helps them create more innovative products．The implications of the findings extend to everyday consumers， who now play a role in shaping companies' design． Mehta said， "Marketers are increasingly（11）C consumers for new product ideas．" （12）D ， there was a very successful campaign a few years ago that focused on getting consumers to create a new potato chip flavor．The experiments demonstrated a（13） B effect of adopting a feelings-imagination approach． That suggests that these designers may（14） Bimagining users' feelings． In this way， designers can develop products that could （15） A to the masses． Companies can easily adopt this process and promote feelings-imagination exercises through their websites or social media．（1）A． primary B． innovative C． natural D． domestic（2）A． temporary B． slight C． indefinite D． profitable（3）A． policy B． proposal C． approach D． standard（4）A． enhances B． exhibits C． illustrates D． explores（5）A． recommend B． extend C． exploit D． imagine（6）A． fall apart B． figure out C． fall into D． turn into（7）A． originality B． objectivity C． creativity D． flexibility（8）A． InB． In addition C． As a result D． By contrast conclusion（9）A． open B． harmful C． resistant D． equal（10）A． evident B． superior C． relevant D． alert（11）A． joining in B． applying to C． turning to D． taking in（12）A． In reality B． In other words C． What's more D． For example（13）A． dramatic B． positive C． negative D． serious（14）A． depend on B． benefit from C． contribute to D． involve in（15）A． appeal B． refer C． adapt D． commitSection B （22分）Directions： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according tothe information given in the passage you have just read.4．(★★★) When she was ten years old， Isadora Duncandropped out of school to teach people dance． If that job was left to any otherten-year-old， it would have turned out frustrating， difficult， and a little discouraging．But Duncan was different． Not only was she already talented enough to earn money even at that age， but she also had a rare kind of confidence that helped her [treat troubles as fuel] -something to elevate the fire that is already burning inside of her．It's no surprise， then， that when she moved to New York to join a theatre company， she found herself restricted． The existing dancing style， their way of operating-all of this seemed to her the work of a misguided past． Duncan was very direct about what she wanted， confidently telling people she had a differentvision of dance that she was going to spread in the world． This， naturally， ledto ridicule and laughs early on， but as she built up her work， these instances became less frequent． Today， she is remembered as "The Mother of Dance，" with much of the modern art owing its expressive style to her influence． Inspired by the ancient Greeks， she brought the style to life．In her autobiography （自传）， one of the things Duncan frequently refers to as the basis of her expressive spirit is the fact that she had a childhood where she wasn't constantly watched． The expectations of her mother （who raised her） were open-ended． It was the freedom of this lifestyle that drove her to see what she could do．Growing up， before she left school， she was told one of two things： that she was either completely useless or that she was a genius． There was nothing in between． Even when she started working， people either bowed to her or they basically ignored her． But there wasn't one moment Duncan doubted her own genius． There is an old quotation "if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree，it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid．" And it captures an important truth． At school， Isadora Duncan was a failure． In the dance hall，she gave form to brilliance．（1）What does the underlined phrase "treat troubles as fuel" mean？ AA． Duncan used troubles to push her forward towards her dream．B． Duncan was good at burning away everyday troubles．C． Troubles turned Duncan into a confident girl．D． Troubles lit the fire of dancing in Duncan．（2）Which of the following is TRUE about Duncan？ CA． Her experience in New York was the foundation of her career．B． Her teaching job when she was little destroyed her confidence．C． Her dancing style was not very well received at the beginning．D． Her mother set higher expectation on her than she could bear．（3）What does the author try to tell the readers in the last paragraph？ B A． It is useless climbing a tree to catch fish．B． Everybody is a genius in his own way．C． Miseries come from human stupidity．D． Teachers can impact students greatly．（4）What is this passage mainly about？ CA． Isadora Duncan's childhood and her achievements today．B． Duncan's career development and other dancers' opinions of her．C． Isadora Duncan's early experiences and the reasons for her success．D． Duncan's high status in the dancing world and her unique expressive style．5．(★★★)Taking your pulse during physical activity allows you to measure how hard you are exercising． You should exercise to stay within your target heart range．• Use your index finger （食指） and middle finger． Don't use your thumb （拇指） -it has a pulse of its own．• Place these two fingers on your wrist， just below the base of the thumb．• Count the number of beats （pulses） for 15 seconds．• Take this number and multiply by 4 to find your heart rate in beats per minute． For example， if you count 25 beats， 25 x 4 = 100 beats per minute．Increasing your heart rate is a key part of exercise， but it is important that your heart rate is not too high or too low． If you are a beginner， you should also be able to breathe comfortably while exercising． This will ensure that you are exercising at a level that is safe and effective for your body．The chart below illustrates target heart rate ranges for exercise based on the maximal heart rate for selected ages．[Here are the steps for using the chart]： Measure your exercise heart rate in beats per minute （BPM）．Look at the chart．- Find your age． If your age falls between the ages listed， round up to the next older age listed．- Compare your heart rate to the target exercise range．• If you are doing moderate exercise， your heart rate should be closer to the 50% range．• If you are doing vigorous exercise， your heart rate should be closer to the 85% range．• Try to stay in the 50-85% range when exercising by increasing or decreasing exercise intensity．（1）Which of the following is TRUE？ AA． Exercise intensity can be reflected by a person's heart rate．B． The faster your heart rate is， the more effective the exercise is．C． Vigorous exercise will definitely present a threat to people's safety．D． The target exercise heart rate range for a 45-year-old is 90-149 BPM．（2）A 34-year-old man is running and the number of pulses he takes for 15 seconds is 40．His fitness coach had better tell him C ．A． "You are doing fine．"B． "You can run faster．"C． "You should slow down a bit．"D． "You should drink some water．"（3）What is the purpose of this passage？ DA． To advise people to form a habit of taking their pulses while exercising．B． To inform people of the target heart rate zone for those aged 60 and under．C． To tell people the importance of maintaining moderate amount of exercise．D． To show people how to measure heart rate to keep proper exercise intensity．6．(★★★)A tiny clue found in ancient deposits has unlocked big secrets about Greenland's past and future climate． Just beyond the northwest edge of the vast Greenland Ice Sheet， researchers have discovered lake mud that have survived the last ice age． The mud， and remains of common flies in it， record twointerglacial periods（间冰期）in northwest Greenland．Although researchers have long known these two periods-the early Holocene and Last Interglacial-experienced warming in the Arctic， the mix of fly species shows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought． "As far as we know， it has never been found in Greenland． We think this is the first time anyone has reported it in ancient deposits or modern lakes there，" Axford said． "We were really surprised to see how far north it migrated （迁徙）．"This new information could help researchers better measure Greenland's sensitivity to warming， by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheet behaviour． Those models could then improve predictions of how Greenland's ice sheet might respond to man-made global warming． After all， Greenland covers 80 per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level． "Northwest Greenland might feel really remote， but what happens to that ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world，" said Yarrow Axford， an associate professor in the team． "One of the big uncertainties in climate science is how fast the Earth changes when it gets warmer． Geology gives us an opportunity to see what happened when the Earth was warmer than today，" said Axford．People might be surprised to see how today's Greenland looked during the last two interglacial periods． During the Last Interglacial， global sea levels increased by 15 to 30 feet， largely due to thinning of Greenland and Antarctica's ice sheets． However， now researchers believe northern Greenland's ice sheet experienced stronger warming than previously thought， which could mean that Greenland is more responsible for that sea-level rise．Finding lake deposits older than about 10，000 years， however， has been historically very difficult in Greenland． To measure these ancient temperatures，researchers look to ice cores （冰核） and lake deposits． Since ice and lake deposits form by a gradual buildup on annual layers of snow or mud， these cores contain history of the past． By looking through the layers， researchers can obtain climate clues from centuries ago．（1）Why are the remains of flies mentioned in the first two paragraphs？ C A． They serve as evidence that there is still life in the Northwest Greenland．B． They were one of the many ancient lives that were left in the Greenland mud．C． They are indicators that Greenland was much warmer than previously thought．D． They help the researchers realize that there was once a warm period in the Arctic．（2）The new information about Greenland is important because B ．A． researchers have no idea how to measure Greenland's warming speedB． it can help researchers better predict Greenland's response to warmingC． people should be more sensitive to the changes in the ice in GreenlandD． it is uncertain how fast the Earth changes with man-made global warming（3）Which of the following can be inferred from the passage？ DA． It is easier for today's scientists to find ancient lake deposits．B． People are surprised at the landscape feature of Greenland today．C． Researchers measure the changing temperatures by directly examining mud．D． Greenland holds enough ice that might one day threaten life in coastal cities．（4）Which do you think is the best title of the passage？ AA． Greenland Used to Be Much GreenerB． Earth Once Experienced Warm PeriodsC． Coastal Cities Warned of Coming DisastersD． Northwest Greenland， A Perfect DestinationSection C （8分）Directions： Read the following passage. Fill in each blank witha proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.7．(★★★)South Africa still has a long way to go on the right to foodFifty-four percent of South Africans are hungry or at risk of hunger． Hunger affects people's health， as well as their ability to live full and productivelives because the rights to dignity， health and education are affected by hunger．（1） E There are significant race， class and gender differences． For example， black South Africans are 22 times more likely to be food insecure compared with white South Africans． Food insecurity is defined as not having physical， social and economic access to sufficient， safe， and nutritious foodthat meets dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life．This unequal distribution indicates a situation of severe food injustice in South Africa． Yet from the research with urban farmers it's clear that people do not know of the right to food， and don't see unequal access to nutritious food as an injustice．（2） A While there are frequent protests around access to jobs，education， housing， water and electricity， we rarely， if ever， see protests about access to food．One of the drivers of unequal access to food is the way in which the industrial food system works． For example， a few large companies dominate each aspect of the food value chain．（3） D Because the large companies dominate the supply chain， they are able to maximize profits at the expense of small-scale producers，to whom they pay very low prices．（4） B It needs to ensure that marginalized producers， processors and retailers have an opportunity to earn a decent living． At the same time corporate dominance needs to be addressed．Anyway， at the most basic level， it requires that South Africans know they have a right to food in the first place．A． As a result， questions of hunger are largely absent in South Africanpolitics．B． Handling food injustice requires a transformation of the undesirable structure of the food system．C． Therefore， the government has put forward numerous food and nutritionsecurity programs to fight against hunger．D． This means that smaller scale producers， processors and retailers are squeezed out．E． Hunger， lack of nutrition and related illnesses are not equally spread．F． There are international examples of governments taking their obligations seriously with regard to the right to food．IV. Summary writing （10分）8．(★★)Directions： Read the following passage． Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words． Use your own words as far as possible．Most of us - even those at the top - struggle with public-speakinganxiety． When I ask my clients what makes them nervous， invariably they respond with the same answers： "I don't like being watched"， "I don't like the eyes on me" or "I don't like being in the spotlight"．To understand why， we need to go way back to prehistoric times， when humans regarded eyes watching us as an existential threat． Those eyes were likely predators （肉食动物） and people were terrified of being eaten alive． The bad news is that our brains have transferred the ancient fear of being watched into public speaking． In other words， public-speaking anxiety is in our DNA．Fortunately， there is a solution： human generosity． The key to disarming our panic button is to turn the focus away from ourselves and toward helping the audience． Studies have shown that an increase in generosity indeed leads to a decrease in amygdala （扁桃腺） activity， which is responsible for our panic feeling in the brain． When we are kind to others， we overcome the sense of being under attack and start to feel less nervous．Admittedly， this is hard to do． But it's absolutely possible to become a generous speaker． To begin with， when you start preparing for a presentation，the mistake you often make is starting with the topic． Instead， you should start with the audience． Identify the audience's needs， and craft a message that speaks directly to those needs． Also， you are the most nervous right before you speak． This is the moment when your brain is telling you， "Everyone is judging me．" But it is exactly the moment when you should refocus your brain． Over time，your brain will begin to get it， and you will become less nervous．V. Translation （15分）Directions： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.9．(★★)有些地方因污染而出现了许多奇怪的疾病．（arise） Some strange diseases have arisen from pollution in some places．10．(★★★)全球气候变暖使得一些稀有动物濒临灭绝．（leave） The global warming has left some rare species of animals threatened with extinction/ in great danger of extinction．11．(★★★)我养成了习惯，趁记忆犹新，就把难忘的经历写下来．（while） I have formed/ developed/ cultivated a habit of writing down the unforgettable experiences while they're still fresh in my mind/memory．12．(★★★)该选手的机智及开阔的知识面使评委们大为惊异，他们一致同意他为冠军获得者．（So…） So amazed were the judges at the wisdom and wide knowledge of the contestant that they all agreed that he would be the champion． / be the winner．/ win the championship．VI. Guided writing （25分）13．(★★★)Directions： Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese．假设你是明启中学学生王磊，你校下个月将举行中外学生交流活动，现向学生征求活动方案．你主动向校长写信，表达你的想法．你的信包括以下内容：1．活动的主题；2．你设计的1-2个活动的具体内容；3．你设计该活动的理由．。
2020届上海市交通大学附属中学嘉定分校高三英语一模试题及答案解析
2020届上海市交通大学附属中学嘉定分校高三英语一模试题及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ATop Four MarathonsPortland MarathonThe marathon welcomes 8 000 people every fall. It’s a great event for first-timers because everyone is cheered on with enthusiasm no matter how long it takes to cross the finish line. The time limit for the full marathon is now at a pace of minutes per mile, or 6 hours and 33 minutes, but in the past it had an open time limit. They promise you’ll still receive your medal if you fall behind the pace, but you have to finish using the sidewalks.TCS New York City MarathonAs the world’s biggest marathon, the TCS New York City Marathon attracts over 50,000 people to the Big Apple each November. The time limit is generous eight and a half hours, but participants must move to the sidewalk if they drop below 15-minute mile.The famous course snakes through five boroughs (行政区) of the city and crosses five bridges to end in Central Park.Honolulo MarathonThe marathon attracts over 30,000 participants each December. The race starts on Ala Moana Boulevard in downtown Honolulu and snakes its way along the breathtaking Hawaiian coastline to the finish line in Kapiolani Park. The start time is at 5: 00 am with finish line services officially open until 2: 00 pm. However, the organizers allow everyone to finish and have waiters on hand until 4: 00 pm.Boston MarathonThe marathon is held in May every year. For this event running isn’t allowed as the city streets aren’t closed off. Participants must instead make their way along sidewalks under the guidance of event organizers and city police. The event attracts over 8,000 people who can choose anything from three-mile walk to the full 26.2-mile Boston Marathon route.1.Where is a new marathon runner most likely to receive enthusiastic cheers?A.In Portland.B.In New York.C.In Honolulu.D.In Boston.2.What can we know about TCS New York City Marathon?A.It is extremely popular.B.It has an open time limit.C.It starts and ends in a park.D.It forbids using the sidewalk.3.Which marathon is held the earliest in a year?A.Portland Marathon.B.TCS New York City Marathon.C.Boston Marathon.D.Honolulu Marathon.BWe use what is known as inner speech, where we talk to ourselves, to evaluate situations and make decisions. Now, a robot has been trained to speak aloud its inner decision-making process, giving us a view of how it responds to contradictory demands.Arianna Pipitone and Antonio Chella at the University of Palermo, Italy, programmed a humanoid robot named Pepper, with software that models human cognitive(认知的)processes, which allowed Pepper to retrieve (检索)relevant information from its memory and find the correct way to act based on human commands, as well as a text — to — speech processor. It allowed Pepper to voice its decision-making process while completing a task, "With inner speech, we can better understand what the robot wants to do and what its plan is," says Chella.The researchers asked Pepper to set a dinner table according to etiquette (礼仪)rules they had programmed into the robot. Inner speech was either enabled or disabled to see how it affected Pepper's ability to do what was instructed.When instructed to place a napkin on a fork with its inner speech enabled, Pepper asked itself what the etiquette required and concluded that this request went against the rules it had been given. It then asked the researchers if putting the napkin on the fork was the correct action. When told it was, Pepper said, "OK, I prefer to follow your desire," and explained how it was going to place the napkin on the fork.When asked to do the same task with inner speech disabled, Pepper knew this contradicted etiquette rules, so it didn't perform the task or explain why.With the potential for robots to become more common in the future, this type of programming could help the public understand their abilities and limitations, says Sarah Sebo at theUniversityofChicago. "It maintains people's trust and enables cooperation and interactions between humans and robots," she says. However, this experiment only used a single human participant, says Sebo. "It's unclear how their approach would compare across a wide range of human participants," she says.4. Why does the author mention how people make decisions in the first paragraph?A. To introduce the topic.B. To make comparisons.C. To provide an example.D. To support his argument.5. How did Pepper react to the contradictory instruction with its inner speech enabled?A. It failed to complete the task.B. It followed the etiquette rules.C. It made a random decision.D. It communicated with the researchers.6. What did Sarah Sebo think of the research?A. It was creative but worthless.B. It was a good try but the result was a failure.C. It was inspiring but needed further evidence.D. It was carefully designed but poorly performed.7. Which of the following is the best title for the text?A. Robot Taught To Be PoliteB. Robot Can Explain Its DecisionC. Robot Making Decisions: No Longer A DreamD. Robot-Human Communication: No Longer A ProblemCShanghairesidents passing through the city’s eastern Huangpu district in Octobermight have astonished at an unusual sight: a “walking” building. An 85-year-old primary school has been lifted off the ground in its entirety and relocated using new technology named the “walking” machine.In the city’s latest effort to preserve historic structures, engineers used nearly 200 mobile supports under the five-story building. The supports act like robotic legs. They’re split into two groups which in turns rise up and down, imitating the human step. Attached sensors help control how the building moves forward.TheLagenaPrimary School, which weighs 7,600 tons, faced a new challenge — it’s T-shaped, while previously relocated structures were square or rectangular. Experts and technicians met to discuss possibilities and test a number of different technologies before deciding on the “walking machine”.Over the course of 18 days, the building was rotated 21degrees and moved 62 meters away to its new location. The old school building is set to become a center for heritage protection and cultural protection. Theproject marks the first time this “walking machine” method has been used inShanghaito relocate a historical building.In recent years,China’s rapid modernization has seen many historic buildingsrazedto clear land for skyscrapers and office buildings. But there has been growing concern about the architectural heritage loss as a result of destruction across the country.Shanghaihas beenChina’s most progressive city when it comes to heritage preservation. The survival of a number of 1930s buildings in the famous Bund district and 19th-century “Shikumen” houses in the repaired Xintiandi neighborhood has offered examples of how to give old buildings new life. The city also has a track record of relocating old buildings. In 2018, the city relocated a 90-year-old building in Hongkou district, which was then considered to beShanghai’s most complex relocation project to date.8. How did the primary school get moved?A. By reducing the weight of it.B. By using movable supports.C. By dividing it into several parts.D. By using robotic legs.9. What does the underlined word “razed” probably mean in Paragraph 5?A. Replaced.B. Burnt.C. Protected.D. Destroyed.10. What can we infer about the heritage preservation inChina?A. The use of advanced technology leads to growing concern.B. Shanghai is the pioneer in preserving architectural heritage.C.A number of old buildings have been given new life.D. Many historic buildings will be relocated.11. What is the passage mainly about?A. New preservation campaigns are launched inChina.B. New technology gives new life to historic buildings.C. A building inShanghai“walks” to a new location.D. “Walking machine” makes heritage protection simpler.DScientists say baby sharks are at risk of being born smaller and without the energy they need to survive because of warming oceans from climate change.Scientists studied epaulette sharks, which live off Australia and New Guinea. They found that warmer conditions sped up the sharks’ growing process. That meant the sharks were born earlier and very tired. The findings could be used in the study of other sharks, including those that give birth to live young.The scientists studied 27 sharks. Some were raised in average summer water temperatures, about 27 degrees Celsius. Others were raised in higher temperatures around 29 degrees Celsius and 31 degrees Celsius. They found that the sharks raised in the warmest temperatures weighed much less than those raised in average temperatures. They also showed reduced energy levels.Epaulette sharks can grow to a length of about one meter. Their name comes from large spots on their bodies that look like decorations on some military clothing.One study this year found that worldwide numbers of oceanie sharks and rays dropped more than 70 percent between 1970 and 2018. Overfishing is a main concern, while climate change and pollution also threaten shark.Carolyn Wheeler is a doctoral student at the University of Massachusetts Boston and with the ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies at James Cook University in Australia. She was the lead author of the epaulette shark study. She said that while all the sharks survived, those raised in warmer temperatures were not strong enough to survive for long in the wild.She added that if the sharks are born smaller than usual “they are probably going to have to start looking for food sooner—and they’re going to have less time to adjust to their surroundings.” The study should serve as a warning to ocean governing agencies that careful management is needed to prevent the loss of more sharks.12. In what aspect do the warmer conditions affect the baby sharks?A. Their food.B. Their body weight.C. Their living habits.D. Their moving route.13. How did the scientists carry out their study?A. By studying former data.B. By tracking sharks in the wild.C. By collecting information about climate change.D. By comparing sharks in waters of different temperatures14. What does paragraph 5 mainly talk about?A. The origin of sharks’ names.B. The sharks’ appearance.C. The threats to sharks’ survival.D. The sharks’ living environment.15. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Scientists Raise Sharks to Deal with ProblemsB. Global Warming Has Reduced Shark PopulationsC. Baby Sharks Struggle to Survive in Warming OceansD. Scientists Are Struggling to Save Sharks from Extinction第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届上海市嘉定区疁城实验学校高三英语一模试卷及答案
2020届上海市嘉定区疁城实验学校高三英语一模试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIf you are planning to visit the historic capital city of Scotland, Edinburgh, a travel destination that people crowd to from around the world, and want to attend one Festival while you are there, keep on reading to discover more information.AKA. Imaginate Festival When: 22 May – 2 June 2021Where: Traverse Theater, Assembly RoxyA festival where kids take overEdinburgh. With a whole range of free pop-up performances, take your kids to see some of the most inspiring theatre and dance from a whole range of talented performers.EdinburghInternational Film Festival When: 19 June – 29 June 2021Where: Film House, Festival TheaterOriginally the very best in international film, it was established in 1947. The dynamic programme features everything from documentaries to shorts, along with a range of experimental cinema, in an attractive setting with a spray of red carpet charm.EdinburghArt Festival When: 25 July – 25 August 2021Where: City ArtCenter, The Scottish GalleryWith over 40 exhibitions to attend, the Edinburgh Art Festival is theUK’s largest visual arts event where you can see everything from historical works to contemporary masterpieces.The RoyalEdinburghMilitary Tattoo When: 2 – 24 August 2021Where:EdinburghCastleWith a different theme every year, over 200,000 visitors crowd toEdinburghto see the military bands and the symbolic piper set against the backdrop ofEdinburghCastle.1. Who is the AKA. Imaginate Festival intended for?A. Children.B. Talented performers.C. Parents.D. Dancers.2. What’s special about Edinburgh Art Festival?A. It includes all forms of arts.B. It is about great works in history.C. It is the largest festival in the world.D. It lasts for the longest time.3. Which Festival offers performances by soldiers?A. Edinburgh Art FestivalB. AKA. Imaginate FestivalC. The RoyalEdinburghMilitary TattooD.EdinburghInternational Film FestivalBIn a world simultaneously on fire and underwater thanks to climate change, scientists have announced some good news: Several important tuna (金枪鱼) species have stepped back from the edge of extinction.The unexpectedly fast recovery speaks to the success of efforts over the past decade to end overfishing. But tuna are not the only species scientists are discussing at the 2021 World Conservation Congress in Marseille, France, which is organized by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Researchers caution that many other marine species remainimperiled. For instance, more than a third of the world's sharks remain threatened with extinction due to overfishing, habitat loss, and climate change.“I think the good news is that sustainable fisheries are possible,” says Beth Polidoro, a marine biologist at Arizona State University. “We can eat fish in a proper way and without driving the population to the point where it is on the road to collapse or extinction."At the same time, she warned that the changes in status should not be an reason to catch as many fish as we want.The IUCN, which ranks the world's most endangered species on its Red List of Threatened Species and is backed by 16,000 experts across the globe, also announced at the meeting that some animals are moving in the other direction, onto the Red List. One notable example is the Komodo dragon, an island-living lizard at particular risk from climate change.For the better part of two decades, Polidoro has been part of a specialist group tasked with assessing the statuses of more than 60 species of tuna and billfishes for the IUCN.Her team announced its first comprehensive findings in 2011, mentioning that a number of commercially fished tuna species were dangerously close to disappearing.According to the new data, the Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus), once listed as endangered, now qualifies for a status of least concern. As does the yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) and albacore tuna (Thunnus alalunga), which were both considered near-threatened the last time they were assessed.4. What does the underlined word “imperiled” in paragraph 2 mean?A. EndangeredB. ConservedC. ExtinctD. Safe5. What can we infer from Polidoro's words?A. Too many fish are being eaten by human beings.B. Eating fish does not necessarily lead to its extinction.C. Fish species are on the edge of dying out if no action is taken.D. The situation of underwater species are changing for the better.6. Which of following statement is true according to the passage?A. Some Tuna species are wiped out by overfishing.B. Tuna are ranked as the world's most endangered species.C. Climate change poses a threat to most species in water and on land.D. Three tuna species have been saved from extinction according to the data.7. What's the main idea of the passage?A. Some tuna species are reported endangered recently.B. IUCN has helped saved a great many marine species.C. Improvement has been made in saving marine species.D. Great efforts should be made to conserve species underwater.CEvery racehorse has different abilities．Like humans，some are short- distance runners，while others are marathoners．Figuring out which is which and how to pace them can be the difference between failure in the finish and taking the award home．Jockeys（赛马骑师）and trainers have traditionally relied on centuries of experience and data from previous races to plan their races．Amandine Aftalion，a mathematician in Paris，thought she could add to that．Since 2013，she has been analyzing the performances of world champion runners like Usain Bolt．She has found that short-distance runners tend to win when they start strong and gradually slow down toward the finish line．Butin medium-distance races，runners perform better when they start strong，settle down，and finish with a burst of speed．Her model shows how those winning strategies maximize the energy output of muscles reliant on two different pathways：powerful aerobic（有氧的）ones that require oxygen，which can be in limited supply during a race，and anaerobic ones，which don't need oxygen but build up waste products that lead to tiredness．Aftalion wondered which strategy would be best for horses．So she and Quentin Mercier，anothermathematician，took advantage of a new GPS tracking tool inserted in French racing saddles（马鞍）．The two studied patterns in many races at the Chantilly racetracks north of Paris and developed a model that accounted for winning strategies for three different races：a short one(1，300 meters)，a medium one (1,900 meters)，and a slightly longer one (2,100 meters)，all with different starting points on the same track．The model takes into account not just different race distances，but also the size or friction fromthe track surface．The results might surprise jockeys who hold horses back early for bursts of energy in the last finish．Instead，a strong start leads to a better finish，the team found．“That doesn't mean those jockeys are wrong，though．If the start is too strong，it can bedevastatingas well，leaving the horse tired by the end，” Aftalion says．8. What should a runner do to get an award according to the text?A. Make a good start．B. Plan for the race early．C. Run slowly on the starting line．D. Try runningquickly all the time．9. What formed the basis for Aftalion's studying horse race?A The experience and data from previous horse races．B. The benefit of knowing horses' different abilities．C. The success in studying runners' winning strategies．D. The performance of horses on different race distances．10. What does the underlined word“devastating”in the last paragraph mean?A. Boring．B. Damaging．C. Astonishing．D. Puzling．11. What can we infer from the text?A. Runners have the same energy output of muscles．B. Aftalion's findings may help horses to win the race．C. What Jockeys and trainers do makes no sense to horses．D. World champion runners made a contribution to the study．DThermoelectric generators turn waste heat into electricity without producing greenhouse gas emissions, like a free lunch. But the high cost of these devices has prevented their widespread use. Now, researchers have found a way to make cheap thermae-lectrices that work just as well. The work could pave the way for greener car engines, and other energy-generating devices.“This looks like a very smart way to realize high performance,” says Li-Dong Zhao, a materials scientist. Henotes there are still a few more steps before these materials can become high-performing. However, he says, “This will be used in the not too far future.”Thermoelectrics are semiconductor devices placed on a hot surface. That gives them a hot side and a cool side. If a device allows the hot side to warm up the cool side, the electricity stops flowing. A device’s success at preventing this, as well as its ability to conduct electrons, feeds into a score known as the figure of merit, or ZT.Researchers have produced thermoelectric materials with increasing ZTs. The record came in 2014 when Mercouri Kanatzidis came up with a tin selenide with a ZT of 3.1. Yet the material was too fragile to work with. “For practical applications, it’s a non-star-ter,” Kanatzidis says.Getting through that door will still take some time. The tin selenide the team makes is mixed with Na, creating a “p-type” material that conducts positive charges. To make working devices, researchers also need an “n-type” version to conduct negative charges.Zhao’s team is now working on making an n-type version. Once successful, researchers should have a clear path to making a new generation of super-efficient thermoelectric genera-tors. Those could be installed everywhere from automobile exhaust pipes to water heaters and industrial smelters toscavengesome of the 65% of fossil fuel energy that winds up as waste heat.12. The first paragraph wants to tell us________.A. The wide use of thermoelectric generatorsB. The devices of current thermoelectric generatorsC. The reason why researchers make cheap thermoelectricsD. The greener car engines that contribute to environmental protection13. How does Li-Dong Zhao feel about cheap thermoelectric generators?A. Indifferent.B. Optimistic.C. Critical.D. Worried.14. What do you know about the research in 2014 from paragraph 4 and 5?A. It was far from a success for practical applications.B. A tin selenide with a ZT of 3.1 can be easy to work with.C. Researchers made an “n-type” version to make working devicesD. A “p-type” material made from the tin selenide conducts negative charges15. What does the underlined word “scavenge” in the last paragraph mean?A. Recycle.B. Produce.C. Clean.D. Increase.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020年上海市嘉定区第一中学高三英语第一次联考试题及参考答案
2020年上海市嘉定区第一中学高三英语第一次联考试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AElectric Shocks Can Be FatalGovernment statistics recently showed that in theUK, more than 3,000 people a year experience electric shocks in their homes. A smaller number of people are killed after they touch the power lines outside their homes. Electric shocks can cause a person's heart or breath to stop and are potentially fatal. It is essential for people to learn basic techniques to deal with such emergencies.What to do?● If you are the first person to reach someone who has an electric shock, don't touch him or her!● If the victim is still holding the appliance that gives him or her the shock (e.g. a hair dryer), unplug it or turn off the power at its source.Under no circumstances can you try to move the appliance with your hands!● Ifyou can't turn off the power, use a piece of wood, like a broom handle or a chair, to separate the victim from the appliance or the power source. You may even be able to do this with a folded newspaper.● The victim must remain lying down. If he or she isunconscious, the victim should be placed on his or her side. But he or she should not be moved if there is a possibility of neck or spine injuries unless it is ly necessary.● It is essential to maintain the victim's body heat, so make sure you cover him or her with a blanket before you do anything else. If the victim is not breathing, apply mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (人工呼吸). Keep the victim's head low until professional help arrives.● If the electric shock has been caused by an external power line, the dangers to the victim and to anybody providing first aid are much greater.1. What kind of passage is it?A. An advertisement.B. A horror story.C. A news report.D. First aid emergency advice.2. The underlined sentence implies that ________.A. you should move the applianceB. you should pick up the appliance and turn off the electricityC. it is very dangerous to touch the appliance with your handsD. it is unnecessary to unplug the appliance with your hands3. When a person has got an electric shock, you should ________.A. separate the victim from the appliance and let him sit upB. keep the victim warm and help him or her breathe againC. move the victim onto his or her side if he or she has got neck injuriesD. keep the victim's head high until professional help arrivesBMost people around the world are right-handed. This also seems to be true in history. In 1799, scientists studied works of art made at different times from 1,500 B.C. to the 1950s. Most of the people shown in these works are right-handed, so the scientists guessed that right-handedness has always been common through history. Today, only about 10% to 15% of the world’s population is left-handed.Why are there more right-handed people than left-handed ones? Scientists now know that a person’s two hands each have their own jobs. For most people, the left hand is used to find things or hold things. The right hand is used to work with things. This is because of the different work of the two sides of the brain. The right side of the brain, which makes a person’s hands and eyes work together, controls the left hand. The left-side of the brain, which controls the right hand, is the centre for thinking and doing problems. These findings show that more artists should be left-handed, and studies have found that left-handedness is twice as common among artists as among people in other jobs.No one really knows what makes a person become right-handed instead of left-handed. Scientists have found that almost 40% of the people become left-handed because their main brain is damaged when they are born. However, this doesn’t happen to everyone, so scientists guess there must be another reason why people become left-handed. One idea is that people usually get right-handed from their parents. If a person does not receive the gene(基因) for right-handedness, he / she may become either right-handed or left-handed according to the chance and the people they work or live with.Though right-handedness is more common than left-handedness, people no longer think left-handed people are strange or unusual. A long time ago, left-handed children were made to use their right hands like other children, but today they don’t have to.4. After studying works of art made at different times in history, the scientists found _______.A. the art began from 1,500B.C.B. the works of art ended in the 1950sC. most people shown in the works of art are right-handedD. most people shown in the works of art are left-handed5. What is the left hand for most people used to do?A. It’s used to find or hold things.B. It’s used to work with things.C. It’s used to make a person’s eyes work together.D. It’s the centre for thinking and doing problems.6. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?A. No one really knows what makes a person become right-handed.B. Left-handedness is cleverer than right-handedness.C. Today children are not made to use their right hands only.D. Scientists think there must be some reason why people become left-handed.7. The best title for this passage is _______.A. Scientists’ New InventionsB. Left-handed PeopleC. Which HandD. Different Brains, Different HandsCGlobally, people use roofs to dry out food, do their laundry and sleep. In Belfast, where we're based, there's a culture of enjoying looking down on the city from up high, because it's in a valley. But because we were a conflict area for a long time,many people didn't want to live, work or hang out in the city, and our roofs cape has been neglected.Rooftop projects can be as big or as small as you want. They can be used as social or cultural spaces, for green or blue public facilities. But it's not just about commercial opportunities; it can be as simple as an individual turning his/her city balcony into a mini garden or vegetable patch. It's not just about doing it on a rooftop because it's “cool”.It's about giving up the deep-rooted thought that roofs are off limits and embracing their challenges as opportunities. That can make a huge difference. For instance, we're helping turn the rooftop car park of a city central shopping centre into an outdoor space for employees, due to restrictions they now face indoors because of COVID-19.Using rooftops creatively allows us to cope with many of the challenges faced by cities today--be those environmental, social, technological, or cultural. At the moment,we're being forced to rethink how we use public spaces due to COVID-19. With lots of restrictions on enclosed areas, we should be acknowledging rooftopsalternatives.For example,Rotterdam recently hosted a play that took place across its rooftops. Each roof lit up and hosted a different part of the drama, while residents sat and watched, listening to the action through headphones. Are there any challenges? Rain is one. Also is health and safety. But there are creative and practical solutions to all the barriers we face. In fact,the challenges are what make rooftops so exciting----because they give you even more opportunities to be creative and solve problems. It is always a matter of trial and error.8. What can we learn about rooftops in the first two paragraphs?A. People enjoy getting together on rooftops.B. People can use rooftops to their own advantage.C. Rooftops are made good use of by locals in Belfast.D. Rooftops projects were launched for commercial reasons.9. How can rooftops benefit people in their life?A. Rooftops can be adapted to car parks.B. Rooftops help solve environmental problems.C. Rooftops can provide space for work and play.D. People can exchange their thoughts on rooftops.10. What will be possibly mentioned after the last paragraph?A. The new challenges of the future.B. Reasons for building rooftop projects.C. Exciting development of rooftop projects.D. Solutions to the challenges we are facing now.11. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?A. To introduce rooftop projects in Belfast.B. To encourage people to start rooftop projects.C. To analyze the current situation of rooftop projects.D. To offer suggestions on long-term city development.DPoaching and habitat loss have threatened Africa's two species of elephants, taking them closer toward the edge of disappearance, according to a new report released by the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN).Before this update, Africa's elephants were grouped together and were evaluated as vulnerable by the IUCN.This is the first time the two species have been sorted separately. In the past, elephants were mostly considered as either Asian elephants or African elephants. Forest and savanna elephants were typically classified as subspecies of African elephants.The African forest elephant is now listed as critically endangered and the African savanna elephant as endangered. The number of African forest elephants fell by more than 86% over a 31 -year assessment period. The population of African savanna elephants dropped by at least 60% over the last 50 years, according to the IUCN, which tracks the assessment risk of the world's animals. Africa currently has an estimated 415,000 elephants, counting the two species together.Both elephant species experienced significant population decreases because of poaching. Although it peaked in 2011, illegal hunting still happens and continues to threaten elephant populations. African elephants also face continued habitat loss as their land isconvertedfor agriculture or other uses.There is some good conservation news, the IUCN points out. Anti-poaching measures, combined with better land use planning to support better human-wildlife relationships, have helped conservation efforts. Some forest elephant population figures have stabilized in well-managed areas in Gabon and the Republic of Congo and savanna population figures have remained stable or have been growing, particularly in the Kavango-Zambezi Transfrontier Conservation Area in southern Africa.But with constant demand for ivory and increasing human pressures on Africa's wild lands, concern for Africa's elephants is high, and the need to creatively conserve and wisely manage these animals and their habitats is more severe than ever.12. What can be inferred from the new report about African elephants?A. They are divided into three kinds.B. They are dying out.C. Their threat is mainly from poaching.D. Their population has grown in Africa.13. What does the author mainly tell us in Paragraph 3?A. The detailed number of African elephants.B. The similarities of African elephants.C. The different types of African elephants.D. The present situation of African elephants.14. What does the underlined word "converted" in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Expanded.B. Protected.C. Transformed.D. Forbidden.15. What's the authors attitude to the present situation of African elephants?A. Hopeless.B. Optimistic.C. Uncertain.D. Worried.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
英语_2020年上海市嘉定区高考一模英语试题含答案
2020年上海市嘉定区高考一模英语试题一、用单词的适当形式完成短文1. I've never been the kind of person to say, "it's the thought that counts" when it comes to gifts． That was until a couple of weeks ago, when my kids gave me a present that blew me away．For years now, I've been wanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and I raised our kids． But to me, this house is much more than just a building． In the front room, there's a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines, marking the progress of my children's growth． Every growth stage is marked in grey, with each child's name and the date they were measured． Most people I know have been featured on a wall like this, or at least had a wall like it in their home．Of all the objects and all the memories, it's this one thing in a home that's the hardest to leave behind． Friends I know have returned home after work only to discover their wall of heights has been freshly painted over． A new paint job wouldn't normally be greeted by tears, but erasing that evidence of motherhood hurts more than it should． Our kids grow in so many ways, but the wall is physical evidence of their progress, right there for everyone to see．Over the years, I've talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved, even though the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing． So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do something about it． They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer whose work is about capturing （捕捉） the beautiful things in life, from clear lakes and skies to diamonds and ballgowns． She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, took photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints （手印）, and old marks． Somehow, she managed to photograph all those years of memories perfectly． Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, transforming them into a beautiful history of my family．Three weeks later, my children's wonderful gift made its way to me ﹣ a life﹣size photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth．（1）The author used her friends' example in Paragraph 3 to________．A persuade her family to leave the wall as it wasB stress the meaning of keeping good memoriesC explain why her house badly needed a new paint jobD share her memory of motherhood with readers．（2）According to the article， it was Jacquie Manning who________．A helped the author paint her new houseB came up with the idea of the photogift C shot pictures to record the author's growth stage D made a copy of the growth marks on the wall．（3）We can infer from the article that the author________．A was strongly against selling their homeB was not happy with the gift from her familyC kept marks for family members every yearD put great love and care inraising her children．（4）What is the best title for the text？________A A Gift Made with LoveB Advice on Picking up Gifts for ParentsC Paintings CountD Effective Ways to Communicate with Children．二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文2. Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one more word than you need.G increased H absorbing I benefits J analyzed K temperateEmphasizing social play in kindergarten improves academicsEmphasizing social play and students helping one another in kindergarten improves academic outcomes, self-control and attention regulation, finds new UBC research. The study, published in the journal PLoS One, found this approach to kindergarten curriculumalso children's joy in learning and teachers' enjoyment of teaching."Before children have the ability to sit for long periods information, they need to be allowed to be and be encouraged to learn by doing," said Dr. Adele Diamond, the study's lead author. "Indeed, people of all ages learn better by doing than by being told."Through a controlled experiment, Diamond and her colleagues the effectiveness of a curriculum called Tools of the Mind (Tools). The curriculum was introduced to willing kindergarten teachers and 351 children with different backgrounds in 18 public schools. Tools was developed in 1993 by two American researchers. Its basic is that social-emotional development and improving self-control is as important as teaching academic skills and content. The Tools the role of social play in developing skills such as self-control, selective attention and planning. "Skills like self-control and selective attention are necessary for learning. They are often more strongly associated with school readiness (入学准备) than intelligence quotient (IQ)," said Diamond. "This experiment is the first to show of a curriculum emphasizing social play."Teachers reported more behavior and greater sense of community in Tools classes. Late in the school year, Tools teachers reported they still felt and excited about teaching, while teachers in the control group were exhausted. "I have enjoyed seeing the progress my students have made in writing and reading." said a Tools teacher in Vancouver. "I have also enjoyed seeing the students get so excited about coming to school and learning. They loved all the activities so much that many students didn't want to miss school, even if they were sick."三、完形填空3. Researchers find that in new product design, connecting with users’ heart, rather thantheir head, can lead to more original and creative outcomes.Developing original and _______ products is critical to a company’s long-term success. Thus, understanding what influences originality can have important and potentially _______ consequences for businesses. Ravi Mehta, a professor of business administration, shows that adopting a(n) _______ that imagines how the user would feel while using a product leads designers to experience greater empathy（同感）, which _______ creativity and, in turn, outcome originality for new product design.There are two ways that the product designer can _______ the consumer’s product usage. One focuses on objective use of the product—how consumers might use the product, that is, an “objective –imagination” approach. The other focuses on feelings—how the product makes the con sumer feel, a “feelings-imagination” approach.Consumers always want to have new products that solve problems more efficiently and at a less cost. So product designers _______ this trap of being very objective in focusing on the use of a product. That’s important, but the _______ of usage can only attract consumers in some ways._______, the feelings-imagination approach leads designers to experience greater empathy, which makes them more _______ to the consumers’ ideas. This leads to greater outcome ori ginality. Mehta said, “when you imagine consumers and focus on their feelings, that’s powerful and will lead to something much more innovative than only focusing on a product’s usage.” The research shows that a feelings-based approach is _______ to the commonly used objective-based approach, the researchers wrote. It not only helps product designers build a better product, but it also helps them create more innovative products.The implications of the findings extend to everyday consumers, who now play a role in shaping companies’ design. Mehta said, “Marketers are increasingly _______ consumers for new product ideas.”_______, there was a very successful campaign a few years ago that focused on getting consumers to create a new potato chip flavor.The experiments demonstrated a _______effect of adopting a feelings-imagination approach. That suggests that these designers may _______ imagining users’ feelings. In this way, designers can develop products that could _______ to the masses. Companies can easily adopt this process and promote feelings-imagination exercises through their websites or social media.（1）A primaryB innovativeC naturalD domestic（2）A temporaryB slightC indefiniteD profitable（3）A policyB proposalC approachD standard（4）A enhancesB exhibitsC illustratesD explores（5）A recommendB extendC exploitD imagine（6）A fall apartB figure outC fall intoD turn into（7）A originalityB objectivityC creativityD flexibility（8）A In conclusionB In additionC As a resultD By contrast（9）A openB harmfulC resistantD equal（10）A evidentB superiorC relevantD alert（11）A joining inB applying toC turning toD taking in（12）A In realityB In other wordsC What’s moreD For example（13）A dramaticB positiveC negativeD serious（14）A depend onB benefit fromC contribute toD involve in（15）A appealB referC adaptD commit四、阅读选择4.When she was ten years old, Isadora Duncan dropped out of school to teach people dance. If that job was left to any other ten-year-old, it would have turned out frustrating, difficult, and a little discouraging.But Duncan was different. Not only was she already talented enough to earn money even at that age, but she also had a rare kind of confidence that helped her treat troubles as fuel—something to elevate the fire that is already burning inside of her.It's no surprise, then, that when she moved to New York to join a theatre company, she found herself restricted. The existing dancing style, their way of operating—all of this seemed to her the work of a misguided past. Duncan was very direct about what she wanted, confidently telling people she had a different vision of dance that she was going to spread inthe world. This, naturally, led to ridicule and laughs early on, but as she built up her work, these instances became less frequent. Today, she is remembered as "The Mother of Dance", with much of the modern art owing its expressive style to her influence. Inspired by the ancient Greeks, she brought the style to life.In her autobiography（自传）, one of the things Duncan frequently refers to as the basis of her expressive spirit is the fact that she had a childhood where she wasn't constantly watched. The expectations of her mother（who raised her）were open-ended. It was the freedom of this lifestyle that drove her to see what she could do.Growing up, before she left school, she was told one of two things: that was either completely useless or that she was a genius. There was nothing in between. Even when she started working, people either bowed to her or they basically ignored her. But there wasn't one moment Duncan doubted her own genius.There is an old quotation "if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid." And it captures an important truth. At school, Isadora Duncan was a failure. In the dance hall, she gave form to brilliance.（1）What does the underlined phrase "treat troubles as fuel" mean?A Duncan used troubles to push her forward towards her dream.B Duncan was good at burning away everyday troubles.C Troubles turned Duncan into a confidentgirl. D Troubles it the fire of dancing in Duncan.（2）Which of the following is TRUE about Duncan?A Her experience in New York was the foundation of her career.B Her teaching job when she was little destroyed her confidence.C Her dancing style was not very well received at the beginning.D Her mother set higher expectation on her than she could bear.（3）What does the author try to tell the readers in the last paragraph?A It is useless climbing a tree to catch fish.B Everybody is a genius in his ownway. C Miseries come from human stupidity. D Teachers can impact students greatly.（4）What is this passage mainly about?A Isadora Duncan's childhood and her achievements today.B Duncan's career development and other dancers' opinions of her.C Isadora Duncan's early experiences and the reasons for her success.D Duncan's high status in the dancing world and her unique expressive style.5. Taking your pulse during physical activity allows you to measure how hard you are exercising. You should exercise to stay within your target heart range.Increasing your heart rate is a key part of exercise, but it is important that your heart rateis not too high or too low. If you are a beginner, you should also be able to breathe comfortably while exercising. This will ensure that you are exercising at a level that is safe and effective for your body.The chart below illustrates target heart rate ranges for exercise based on the maximal heart rate for selected ages. Here are the steps for using the chart:（1）Which of the following is TRUE?A Exercise intensity can be reflected by a person’s heart rate.B The faster your heart rate is, the more effective the exercise is.C Vigorous exercise will definitely present a threat to people’s safety.D The target exercise heart rate range for a 45-year-old is 90–149 BPM.（2）A 34-year-old man is running and the number of pulses he takes for 15 seconds is 40. His fitness coach had better tell him _____________.A “You are doing fine.”B “You can run faster.”C “You should slow down abit.” D “You should drink some water.”（3）What is the purpose of this passage?A To advise people to form a habit of taking their pulses while exercising.B To inform people of the target heart rate zone for those aged 60 and under.C To tell people the importance of maintaining moderate amount of exercise.D To show people how to measure heart rate to keep proper exercise intensity.6. A tiny clue found in ancient deposits has unlocked big secrets about Greenland's past and future climate．Just beyond the northwest edge of the vast Greenland Ice Sheet, researchers have discovered lake mud that have survived the last ice age． The mud, and remains of common flies in it, record two interglacial periods（间冰期）in northwest Greenland．Although researchers have long known these two periods﹣the early Holocene and Last Interglacial﹣experienced warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly species shows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought． "As far as we know, it has never been found in Greenland． We think this is the first time anyone has reported it in ancient deposits or modern lakes there, " Axford said． "We were really surprised to see how far north it migrated （迁徙）．"This new information could help researchers better measure Greenland's sensitivity to warming, by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheet behaviour． Those models could then improve predictions of how Greenland's ice sheet might respond to man ﹣made global warming． After all, Greenland covers 80 per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level． "Northwest Greenland might feel really remote, but what happens to that ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world, " said Yarrow Axford, an associate professor in the team． "One of the big uncertainties in climate science is how fast the Earth changes when it gets warmer． Geology gives us an opportunity to see what happened when the Earth was warmer than today, " said Axford．People might be surprised to see how today's Greenland looked during the last two interglacial periods．During the Last Interglacial, global sea levels increased by 15 to 30 feet, largely due to thinning of Greenland and Antarctica's ice sheets． However, now researchers believe northern Greenland's ice sheet experienced stronger warming than previouslythought, which could mean that Greenland is more responsible for that sea﹣level rise．Finding lake deposits older than about 10, 000 years, however, has been historically very difficult in Greenland． To measure these ancient temperatures, researchers look to ice cores （冰核） and lake deposits．Since ice and lake deposits form by a gradual buildup on annual layers of snow ormud, these cores contain history of the past． By looking through the layers, researchers can obtain climate clues from centuries ago．（1）Why are the remains of flies mentioned in the first two paragraphs？________A They serve as evidence that there is still life in the Northwest Greenland．B They were one of the many ancient lives that were left in the Greenland mud．C They are indicators that Greenland was much warmer than previously thought．D They help the researchers realize that there was once a warm period in theArctic．．（2）Which of the following can be inferred from the passage？________A It is easier for today's scientists to find ancient lake deposits．B People are surprised at the landscape feature of Greenland today．C Researchers measure the changing temperatures by directly examining mud．D Greenland holds enough ice that might one day threaten life in coastal cities．．（3）Which do you think is the best title of the passage？________A Greenland Used to Be Much GreenerB Earth Once Experienced WarmPeriods C Coastal Cities Warned of Coming Disasters D Northwest Greenland，APerfect Destination．五、六选四7. Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.South Africa still has a long way to go on the right to foodFifty-four percent of South Africans are hungry or at risk of hunger. Hunger affects people’s health, as well as their ability to live full and productive lives because the rights to dignity, health and education are affected by hunger.【小题1】 There are significant race, class and gender differences. For example, black South Africans are 22 times more likely to be food insecure compared with white South Africans. Food insecurity is defined as not having physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.This unequal distribution indicates a situation of severe food injustice in South Africa. Yet from the research with urban farmers it’s clear that people do no t know of the right to food, and don’t see unequal access to nutritious food as an injustice. 【小题2】While there are frequent protests around access to jobs, education, housing, water and electricity, we rarely, if ever, see protests about access to food.One of the drivers of unequal access to food is the way in which the industrial food system works. For example, a few large companies dominate each aspect of the food value chain. 【小题3】 Because the large companies dominate the supply chain, they are able to maximize profits at the expense of small-scale producers, to whom they pay very low prices. 【小题4】It needs to ensure that marginalized producers, processors and retailers have an opportunity to earn a decent living. At the same time corporate dominance needs to be addressed.Anyway, at the most basic level, it requires that South Africans know they have a right to food in the first place.A．As a result, questions of hunger are largely absent in South African politics.B．Handling food injustice requires a transformation of the undesirable structure of the foodsystem.C．Therefore, the government has put forward numerous food and nutrition security programs to fight against hunger.D．This means that smaller scale producers, processors and retailers are squeezed out.E．Hunger, lack of nutrition and related illnesses are not equally spread.F．There are international examples of governments taking their obligations seriously with regard to the right to food.六、概要写作8. Thanks to TV shows like Lie to Me and so﹣called body language experts commenting on the candidates during the American election season， a number of misunderstandings about body language have become part of modern culture． It's time to clear the decks． So here goes： some surprising truths about body language．Much of what the experts tell you about body language is wrong．（1）_______ Actually，gestures can mean many things． If I cross my arms， I may be signaling my defensiveness，but I may also feel cold， tired or just getting comfortable． What's more， I could be signaling all those things at once．（2）_______ First， the pressure on experts． They have to sound definitive and give instant analyses for TV in an impatient world more interested in sound bites than truth． Second， the history of the study of body language． So it's natural for someone in this field to look at all the rest of gesturing with a bias （偏见） toward specific meanings．（3）_______ By the time most of us are adults， we've learned to mask our true feelings because we have to get along at work， at home， and in social settings． So we pretend to be interested， we pretend to smile， we assume a calm expression when we're actually delighted． But the face does sometimes give away our strongest feelings． You can learn to read what are called micro﹣expressions ﹣ sudden appearances of true emotion throughthe mask of the face ﹣ with some training．（4）_______To read body language accurately， don't think about it． We humans have mirror neurons （神经元） in our brains that fire when our unconscious （无意识的） minds register an emotion in someone else， then we can share it and understand it．（5）_______ When we see fear， we react instantly， and unconsciously， in order to be ready to take quick action if necessary． That unconscious expertise is your best support in reading other people's body language， because you already know what's going on． So just turn to your unconscious mind for reliable information about other people's emotional intention．Let's start paying attention to your own expertise； that's where the real body language insights will come from．A． The misunderstanding comes from two sources．B． The face is a poor place to start reading body language．C． This special skill is an important part of our ability to survive as a species．D． And they typically show up when we're trying to hide a very strong feeling．E． The biggest misunderstanding is that specific gestures have specific meanings．F． You're much better at reading the body language of people you know than any expert．G． Your body constantly scans your surroundings and other people with your unconscious mind．七、汉译英9. Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.（1）有些地方因污染而出现了许多奇怪的疾病。
2019-2020学年上海市嘉定区第一中学高三英语模拟试卷及答案解析
2019-2020学年上海市嘉定区第一中学高三英语模拟试卷及答案解析第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项ANothing beats live music, but the venue makes a difference. When you're able to score tickets to an incredible concert in an incredible place, you won't forget the experience. Here are some of the coolest music venues from around the world. If you haven't been to any of these, you've got some traveling to do.Red Rocks, Morrison, the United StatesRed Rocks might be the most beautiful and famous venue in the United States. At 6,450 feet above sea level, Red Rocks is a geologically formed natural stage. Its massive sandstone provides a perfect stage for jam bands. If you're into the blues and jazz, you'll have no trouble finding something in line with your interests.Meet Factory, Prague, Czech RepublicSmallest venues on this list, Meet Factory is an art gallery, theater, and music venue. The venue only accommodates 1,000 people, so you won't see any huge names come through. Still, it's a great place to see up-and-coming local acts, and if you've got an eye for contemporary art, you'll love your time here.Arena of NÎmes, NÎmes, FranceOriginally built around A. D. 70, the Arena of Nimes presents concertgoers with an interesting question: Should they enjoy the music, or marvel at the architecture? The Arena is, after all, one of the world's best-preserved Roman theaters. Many major touring acts plan stops at the Arena of Nimes, especially during the venue's annual festival.Sydney Opera House, Sydney, AustraliaThe Sydney Opera House is one of the world's most famous performing venues. I's also one of the most distinctive buildings in Sydney, thanks to the breathtaking design by Danish architect Utzon. It hosts about 40 events per week, so whether you're into jazz, rock, classical music, or opera, you'll find something to watch.1.Where can you enjoy music in natural beauty?A.At Red Rocks.B.At Meet Factory.C.At Arena of Nimes.D.At Sydney Opera House.2.What is special about Meet Factory?A.It enjoys breathtaking scenery.B.It hosts both musical and artistic events.C.It is the largest venue of all.D.It is famous for contemporary music.3.What do the listed music venues have in common?A.They have a long history.B.They are built near the sea.C.They accommodate thousands of people.D.They are beautiful tourist attractions.BIt was five years ago that something unforgettable happened. My wife and I celebrated our 40thwedding anniversary that year. It was a lovely event hosted by our sons for us. My wonderful friends from the past surprised us with gifts and congratulations. Our gift to each other was a driving trip out west. We drove fromOntariointoAlberta, then southward intoGlacierNational ParkinMontana, and continued toYellowstoneNational Park.It was a cold spring day, and theBeartooth Highwayhad opened for the season just days before. Alongside the road, there was still a great amount of snow there. The scenery was so impressive that we made lots of stops to record memories with my camera. At the highest point of the highway, I stopped at a lookout to catch the amazing views, with my wife in the centre of my camera lens.There were not many cars on the road. Sometimes, cars with energetic young tourists passed by. And then we heard a motorcycle in the distance. The driver of the motorcycle, who wore dirty clothes, parked behind our cars. As he approached us, his only words were, “Give me your camera and get over there with your wife.” I must admit I felt nervous that we might be robbed where we just created some beautiful memories. Surprisingly, he just took a picture of us, handed back my camera and rode off before we could express our gratitude. The photo he took is one of the most valuable and prized of our trip.I learned my lesson somewhere I least expected it. We should never judge a man by his appearance. If the motorcycle driver reads this story and remembers the situation, we would like to say “Thank you” to him.4. According to the passage, what do we know about the trip?A. It was taken by train to the west.B. It was a suggestion from their friends.C. It was in the late autumn five years ago.D. It was a gift for their wedding anniversary.5. Why was the author nervous when the motorcycle driver offered to take a picture?A. He could have lost the camera.B. His wife might not be satisfied with the view there.C. The motorcycle driver would borrow the camera.D. The motorcycle driver might not be good at the taking pictures.6. Which of the following best describes the driver of the motorcycle?A. Kind and straightforward.B. Rich and generous.C. Creative and capable.D. Careful and admirable.7. Which of the following can be concluded from the passage?A. No pains, no gains.B. Seeing is believing.C. Don’t judge a book by its cover.D. The longest journey begins with the first step.CHi, Momis a hit inChina. Since its release in early February the movie has earned more than 5 billion yuan at the box office. It is currently the second-highest-grossing film ever released in the country, and may yet overtakeWolf Worrior2, an action film from 2017.Written and directed by Jia Ling, the film is adapted from her comedy routine from 2016 which explored her relationship with her mother, who died in an accident when Ms. Jia was 19. At a time when many people have been separated from their families, the themes of grief and filial piety (孝道) inHi, Mombring agreement.The film’s impressive box office income is also a reminder of the health of the industry inChinacompared withHollywood. In the West cinemas remain closed due to lockdown or operate at limited capacity; inChina, where many restrictions have been lifted, between 50% and 75% of seats are available to book. During the Spring Festival, Chinese cinemas made an estimated $1.5 billion in ticket sales – 71% of takings at the American box office in all of 2020.With cinemas shut, film-sales agent stopped bringingHollywoodmovies to market. That has given locally made films a chance to excel. Since 2013, domestic films have taken around 60% of total box office earnings. In 2021, that number may get closer to 100%.8. What can be inferred from the first paragraph aboutHi, Mom?A. It will be a success.B.Wolf Worrior2 will be released after it.C. It is better than Wolf Worrior 2.D. It may be the first-highest-grossing film inChina.9. Which statement is NOT true according to the text?A. The film industry inChinais developing better than that inHollywood.B. The film is based on a real story.C. You can’t go to cinema because there are many restrictions.D. Many people can’t see their families often nowadays.10. What is the author’s attitude towards local films?A. NegativeB. PositiveC. IndifferentD. Skeptical11. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Local Movies Arise.B. China Film Industry.C. Comedy Time.D.Hi, Mom-China’s Latest Hit.DA nurse has fulfilled (实现) a promise she made to her patient four years ago to one day attend her daughter's graduation from nursing school.Edina Habibovic, 22, graduated from Chamberlain University's College of Nursing in 2020. Her mother, Sevala Habibovic, 46, died in2017 after a two year fight with breast cancer.“I thought the medical field wasn't for me. Then, my mom got sick and I had all the experience going in and out of the hospital, ” Edina toldGood MorningAmerica. “When my mom passed away, I thought, ‘I want to dothis.’”she said.Sanja Josipovic, who at the time worked as a home health nurse with Northwestern Medicine in Winfield, Illinois, cared for Sevala inside her home. They often chatted and shared the latest news with each other over six months of care.“She was most worried about Edina because she was young and hadn't finished school yet, ” Sanja said. “We are like sisters; we care about and trust each other. She was a powerful and strong minded woman. She wasn't scared to die; she was just worried about her kids and husband.”Edina said her mother lived for being with her family and taking care of people. “When Sanja was working, my mom would still try to make her something to eat, no matter how sick she was, ” Edina added. When Sevala'slife was coming to an end, she asked Sanja to take her place at her youngest daughter's nursing school graduation. “That was the only thing she was going to miss. Edina's graduation, ” said Sanja, who is a mother of three herself. She agreed.Due to COVID -19, there was no graduation or pinning ceremony. Edina's manager at Marianjoy Rehabilitation Hospital decided to host a pinning ceremony for her and have Sanja present the pin. “Sanja has fulfilled her promise, ” Edina said.Edina and Sanja are now caring for patients alongside one another as colleagues at Marianjoy.12. What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Leaving the hospitalB. Working as a nurseC. Facing death positivelyD. Caring for Edina's mother13. What can be learned about Sanja and Sevala?A. They enjoyed volunteeringB. They were cancer survivorsC. They had unhappy marriagesD. They developed a close bond14. What would be Sevala's regret?A. The loss of the chance to study medicineB. Her absence from Edina's school graduationC. Failing to keep the promise made to SanjaD. Never cooking a good meal for her husband15. How did Sanja fulfill her promise?A. By taking care of Edina and her familyB. By helping Edina enter her dream hospitalC. By attending a special ceremony for EdinaD. By managing to become Edina's colleague第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020届上海市嘉定区疁城实验学校高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案
2020届上海市嘉定区疁城实验学校高三英语第一次联考试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AIt's just before l pm and hungry guests are starting to emerge out onto the wooden floor at the back of the Victoria Falls Safari Lodge in Zimbabwe. A few have already settled in for lunch, drinking beer and enjoying their sandwiches and salads in the sunshine. It's a normal setting until you look up. Overhead, the sky is filled with several hundred vultures (秃鹭).They too have arrived for their midday snack. Every day the team at this hotel places last night's leftover meat out for the vultures to eat. They call it the "Vulture Restaurant" and it's a vital part of protecting these birds, who have become some of the most endangered species in Africa.In Zimbabwe, where illegal hunting of elephants and rhinos is a major issue, poisoning poses a significant threat to the birds. "In recent years hunters have realized they can use poison to kill animals. It's effective because it's silent and therefore doesn't attract much attention.when the vultures eat the bodies of the dead animals they die too," says Roger Parry, Wildlife Manager at the Victoria Falls Wildlife Trust.The Vulture Restaurant initiative is part feeding programme, part education programme. By attracting the birds to the Vulture Restaurant every day the team can ensure they're regularly getting a safe meal, and while the birds are there they can educate tourists from all over the world about these creatures.“Lunch” is served by Moses Garira. He has the unenviable task of wandering out into the middle of the clearing with a box full of meat, dropping the contents onto the ground and running for his life as the vultures fly downward suddenly for their food. No one, surely, would volunteer for this role, but Garira rather enjoys it. Back in the safety of the viewing seats, he tells the onlookers about the importance of vultures. "They're hugely important in terms of their role of cleaning up the bodies of dead animals," says Garira. "Notably, they're safely able to digest bacteria like anthrax. Without vultures, there'd be a lot more disease in the world."1. What's the biggest threat vultures facing in Zimbabwe?A. Overhunting.B. Unsafe food.C. Loss of habitat.D. A bird disease.2. What would others think of Garira's job?A. Scary.B. Relaxing.C. Well-paid.D. Time-consuming3. What do Garira's words mean?A. Birds are human's best friends.B. People know little about vultures.C. Vultures are environmentally favorable.D. Vultures are in urgentneed of protection.BCraig Blackburn, a father and car fan, built a Batmobile for his son’s hope for using the vehicle to brighten the lives of sick children. And now he hopes to use it for more than just his sons hope after seeing the childrens reaction to the Batmobile.Based on the number of failures he had seen in car groups, he estimated that only about one in 50 attempted constructions was actually finished and he realized what an incredible opportunity he had.Mr. Blackburn started the project at the beginning of 2018 after hearing a friend in the US was doing the same thing. It started with importing an outer shell overseas, before picking brains of a friend who had a background as a worker in a car factory to gain knowledge of how to build the car. With the help of his friend, Mr. Blackburn built the Batmobile in 18 months with the cost reaching six figures.Mr.Blackburn hoped to add a flamethrower(喷火器)onto the back of the vehicle and said he had thought about building the more recent Batman Tumbler from the series film Dark Knight. Though Mr. Blackburn encountered plenty of difficulties to get over during the construction, in September 2019, the carmade its first show at the Carnival of Flowers in Toowoomba, before being used by Blackburn’s son for his hope.“It was great. It was so good to see the kids’ and adults’ excitement at seeing the Batmobile.” Mr. Blackburn said. As a result, the car lovers hope to make the car work on the roads as soon as possible, so he can visit sick children and take them out with his son.4. What is Craig Blackburn’s initial purpose of making the Batmobile?A. To realize his son’s dream.B. To donate it to sick children.C. To pay his respects to the film Dark Knight.D. To show off at the Carnival of Flowers in Toowoomba.5. How did Blackburn feel about the car-making at first?A. Hopeful.B. Confused.C. Impossible.D. Unsure.6. How did Blackburn’s friend help him?A. By making an outer shell for him.B. By offering him financial support.C. By sharing the knowledge of building cars.D. By telling him the background of the car factory.7. What is the car lovers’ expectation of the Batmobile?A. It will be driven soon on the roads.B. It can be displayed around the world.C. It can change the lives of sick children.D. It will appear in the next film about Batman.CA satellite is about to demonstrate a new way of capturing space junk with magnets for the first time. With the frequency of space launches dramatically increasing in recent years, the potential for a disastrous collision above Earth is continually growing. Now, Japanese orbital clean-up company Astroscale is testing a potential solution.The firm's End-of-Life Services by Astroscale demonstration mission is scheduled to lift off on 20 March aboard a Russian Soyuz rocket. It consists of two spacecraft: a smal “client” satellite and a larger “servicer” satellite, or “chaser”. The smaller satellite is equipped with a magnetic (磁力的) plate which allows the chaser todock withit.The two stacked spacecraft will perform three tests once in orbit, each of which will involve the servicer satellite releasing and then recapturing the client satellite. The first test will be the simplest, with the client satellite drifting a short distance away and then being recaptured. In the second test, the servicer satellite will set the client satellite tumbling before catching up with it and matching its motion to grab it.Finally, if those two tests go well, the chaser will live up to its name by letting the client satellite float a few hundred metres away before finding it and attaching to it. All of these tests will be performed autonomously, with little to no human input once they are set in motion.“These kinds of demonstrations have never been done before in space - they are very different to, say, an astronaut controlling a robotic arm on the International Space Station,” says Jason Forshaw at AstroscaleUK.“This is more of an autonomous mission.” At the end of the tests, both spacecraft will burn up in Earth's atmosphere.If companies wanted to use this capability, they would have to attach a magnetic plate to their satellites so they could be captured later. Because of the growing space garbage problem, many countries now require firms to have a way to bring back their satellites once they run out of fuel or fail, so this could be a fairly simple likely plan, Forshaw says. Right now, each chaser can only nab one satellite, but Astroscale is working on a version that could drag three or four out of orbit at once.8. Which of the following can replace the underlined word "dock with" in Paragraph 2?A. Deal with.B. Keep up with.C. Join together.D. Crash.9. Why many countries now require firms to have a way to bring back their satellites?A. Because of the growing space waste problem.B. Because the frequency of space launches are dramatically increasing.C. Because they can earn large profits from it.D. Because Astroscale has found a new method of capturing the space garbage.10. What will Astroscale do to solve the space junk problem?A. An astronaut controls a robotic arm on the International Space to capture the “client” satellite.B. Through a magnetic plate remotely controlled by humans on the ground to catch the “client” satellite.C. Finding the "client "satellite and attaching to it with a magnetic plate automatically.D. Tumbling to match the motion of “client satellite the drag three or four satellites out of its orbit into atmosphere.11. What can we infer from the passage?A. People will bum the space junk up in Earth's atmosphere in the future.B. Japan andRussiawill conduct space debris cleanup experiment together.C. These kinds of demonstrations have never been done before.D. The demonstration mission will be divided into three phases.DThe AI research arm of Alibaba created a machine learning model that received a higher score on the Stanford Question Answering Dataset than humans. The database consists of more than 100,000 questions to testreading comprehension.In early January this year the Alibaba AI software machine scored 82.44 on the test while humans scored 82.304. Besides, computers and AI have already defeated humans, for example in games such as chess. However, it seemed that language skills were superior in humans as machines find languages hard to master.A large number of call center employees, often in developing countries, may be out of work soon if the AI robots are cheaper and as effective as human labor. Soon when you phone a company for information the conversation will go like this: “ We are sorry but all our robots are busy right now. We value your call. Please stay on the line until a robot is free to serve you. There are just 12 callers ahead of you.” A robot will serve you some popular tunes while you wait.Si Luo, who is a chief scientist of natural language processing at Alibaba’s AI research group noted that questions such as “What causes rain?” can now be answered with a high degree of accuracy by robots. Si Luo said, “ We believe the foundational technology can be gradually applied to a lot of applications such as customer service, museum tutorials, and online responses to inquiries from patients, freeing human efforts in a new way.”Si Luo’s team is working closely with Ali Xiaomi, a mobile customer service chatbot. Ali Xiaomi can be customized to be used on Alibaba’s platforms such as Taobao and Tmall. The new AI robots could answer consumers’ questions as they did the Stanford questions. The robots would look for the answers from prepared information. However, there are limits to what the system will be able to do. If questions do not have clear-cut answers, or the questions asked are too unclear or ungrammatical, the robot may not be able to deal with them.12. What can we learn about the Alibaba AI software machine?A. It has been tested in some areas.B. It has become popular since January.C. It has offered a special learning style.D. It has made people interested in reading.13. What does the example in paragraph 3 show about the AI robots?A. They should have better language skills.B. They may replace humans in some fields.C. They need to be customized to serve customers.D. They will be widely used in developing countries.14. How does Si Luo feel about the foundational technology?A. Doubtful.B. Worried.C. Curious.D. Confident.15. What can we infer from the lastparagraph about Ali Xiaomi?A. It needs to improve in some ways.B. It is connected with another system.C. It is a platform to show good service.D. It can answer any questions accordingly.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
2020上海嘉定高三英语一模试卷
学霸推荐学习十法一、听视并用法二、听思并用法三、五到听课法四、符号助记法五、要点记取法六、主动参与法七、听懂新知识法八、目标听课法九、质疑听课法十、存疑听课法2019学年度嘉定区高三年级第一次质量调研英语试卷(满分140分考试时间120分钟)Part I. Listening1. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Terrific. B. Tough. C. Exciting. D. Well-paid.2. A. Have her parents live on campus.B. Call local hotels again in a few days.C. Phone the Cliffside Inn for a reservation.D. Ask her parents to come on another weekend.3. A. Put on a coat at once.B. Exchange the tickets.C. Take care of his cold.D. Watch the game at home.4. A. She has to post a letter instead.B. She can't send the message right now.C. She's not sure if the computer is fixedD. She has to turn down the man's request.5. A. The book is much too long.B. He hasn't read the book yet.C. He seldom reads such a book.D. The book is very interesting.6. A. He has already seen the filmB. He is unlikely to go to the cinemaC. He has just recovered from the fluD. He doesn't think highly of the film.7. A. Think about getting a job at another place.B. Find a suitable job to work happily.C. Sign up for more than one journalism class.D. Call the news agency about the job.8. A. She wishes she had seen the play.B. The scenery could have been more realistic.C. The makeup wasn't as good as the scenery.D. The actors should have worn ancient makeup.9. A. She contacts her parents occasionally.B. She phones her parents regularly at weekends.C. She visits her parents when the fares are down.D. She often calls her parents regardless of the rate.10. A. They cannot finish the assignment until Thursday.B. They have plenty of time to work on the assignment.C. The assignment looks easy but actually quite difficult.D. The assignment is difficult for them to complete on time.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of them. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. How to share responsibilitiesB. How to motivate themselves.C. How to respond to challenges.D. How to code computer gamesB. They don't have to take exams12. A. They don't receive grades.D. They must study math and EnglishC. They can do whatever they like.13. A. More schools are trying the creative approach to teaching.B. More students are being sent to hike across the Alps.C. More teenagers are coming to study at the school.D. More teachers are designing "challenge" projects.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To take photos for an investigation.B. To pursue his hobby of photography.C. To recover from an illness and gain health.D. To further his interest in the American West.15. A. Walter Smith beçan to study Blackfoot culture as a part-time job.B. The Blackfoot community was a great attraction to other Americans.C. Walter Smith was devoted to protecting and spreading Blackfoot culture.D. The Blackfoot officially received its name for the color of their footwear.16. A. Walter Smith's life-long dream to enter the Blackfoot world.B. Walter Smith's efforts to save an endangered culture.C. Walter Smith's journey to Blackfoot's community.D. The precious pictures of the Blackfoot Indians.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Talking about the latest movies freely online.B. Watching movies on the big theatre screens.C. Watching movies with her best friends.D. Seeing new movies on weekends18. A. Because he wants to save money and snacks as well.B. Because he can avoid being influenced by spoilers (剧透).C. Because he wants to interact freely while watching moviesD. Because action movies shown at the theatre have the similar plot19. A. They enjoy watching superhero movies.B. They like sharing the latest movies online.C. They appreciate interacting freely with friendsD. They are fond of guessing the plot of new movies.20. A. Watch the new movie with the woman on DVD.B. Wait to be informed about the contents of the movie.C. Watch the superhero movie when the DVD comes out.D. Rent the cheapest DVD to watch whatever movies available.Ⅱ. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.This is where my kids grew upFor years now, I’ve been wanting to sell our home, the place where my husband and I raised our kids. But to me, this house is more than just a building. In the front room, there’s a wall that has hundreds of pencil lines. Everygrowth stage (21) ________ (mark) in pencils, with each child’s name and the date.Of all the objects and all the memories, it’s this one thing in a home that’s (22) ________ (hard) to leave behind. Our kids grow in so many ways, but the wall is physical evidence of their progress. Friends I know have visited their previous home only (23) ________ (discover) their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. Over the years, I’ve talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved, (24) ________ ________ the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing. So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do (25) ________ about it.They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer (26) ________ work is about capturing the beautiful things in life. She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, (27) ________ (take) photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints, and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph (28) ________ we had experienced in all those years. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, (29) ________ (transform) them into a beautiful history of my family.There weeks later, my children’s wonderful gift made its way to me --- (30) ________ life - size photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth .Section BDirections: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word canEmphasizing social play in kindergarten improves academicsEmphasizing social play and students helping one another in kindergarten improves academic outcomes, self-control and attention regulation, finds new UBC research. The study, published in the journal PLoS One, found this approach to kindergarten curriculum also ___31___ children’s joy in learning and teachers’ enjoyment of teaching.“Before children have the ability to sit for long periods ___32___ information, they need to be allowed to be ___33___ and be encouraged to learn by dong,” said Dr. Adele Diamond, the study’s lead author. “Indeed, people of all ages learn better by doing than by being told.”Through a controlled experiment, Diamond and her colleagues ___34___ the effectiveness of a curriculum called Tools of the Mind (Tools). The curriculum was introduced to willing kindergarten teachers and 351 children with different backgrounds in 18 public schools.Tools was developed in 1993 by two American researchers. Its basic ___35___ is that social - emotional development and improving self-control is as important as teaching academic skills and content. The Tools ___36___ the role of social play in developing skills such as self - control, selective attention and planning. “Skills like self-control and selective attention are necessary for learning. They are often more strongly associated with school readiness（入学准备）than intelligence quotient (IQ),” said Diamond. “This experiment is the first to show ___37___ of a curriculum emphasizing social play.”Teachers reported more ___38___ behavior and greater sense of community in Tools classes. Late is the school year, Tools teachers reported they still felt ___39___ and excited about teaching, while teachers in the control groupwere exhausted. “I have enjoyed seeing the ___40___ progress my students have made in writing and reading.” said a Tools teacher in Vancouver. “I have also enjoyed seeing the students get so excited about coming to school and learning. They loved all the activities so much that many students didn’t want to miss school, even if they were sick.”Ⅱ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In product design, imagining user’s feelings leads to more original outcomes Researchers find that in a new product design, connecting with user’s heart, rather than their head, can lead to more original and creative outcomes.Developing original and __41__ products is critical to a company’s long-term success. Thus, understanding what influences originality can have important and potentially __42__ consequences for businesses. Ravi Mehta, a professor of business administration, shows that adopting a(n) __43__ that imagines how the user would feel while using a product leads designers to experience greater empathy（同感）, which __44__ creativity and, in turn, outcome originality for new product design.There are two ways that the product designer can __45__ the consumer’s product usage. One focuses on objective use of the product - how consumers might use the product, that is, an “objective - imagination” approach. The other focuses on feelings - how the product makes the consumer feel, a “feeling-imagination” approach.Consumers always want to have new products that solve problems more efficiently and at a less cost. So product designers __46__ this trap of being very objective in focusing on the use of a product. That’s important, leads designers to experience greater empathy, which makes them more __48__, the feelings-imagination approach leads designers to experience greater empathy, which makes them more __49__ to the consumers’ ideas. This leads to greater outcome originality. Mehta said, “when you imagine consumers and focus on their feelings, that’s powerful and will lead to something much more innovative than only focusing on a product’s usage.” The research shows that a feelings - based approach is __50__ to the commonly used objective - based approach, the researchers wrote. It not only helps product designers build a better product, but is also them create more innovative products.The implications of the findings extend to everyday consumers, who now play a role in shaping companies design. Mehta said, “Marketers are increasingly __51__ consumers for new product ideas.” __52__, there was very successful campaign a few years ago focused on getting consumers to create a new potato chip flavor.The experiments demonstrated a __53__ effect of adopting a feelings - imagination approach. That suggest that these designers may __54__ imagining users’ feelings. In this way, designers can develop products the could __55__ to the masses. Companies can easily adopt this process and promote feelings-imagination exercise through their websites or social media.41. A. primary B. innovative C. natural D. domestic42. A. temporary B. slight C. indefinite D. profitable43. A. policy B. proposal C. approach D. standard44. A. enhances B. exhibits C. illustrates D. explores45. A. recommend B. extend C. exploit D. imagine46. A. fall apart B. figure out C. fall into D. turn into47. A. originality B. objectivity C. creativity D. flexibility48. A. In conclusion B. In addition C. As a result D. By contrast49. A. open B. harmful C. resistant D. equal50. A. evident B. superior C. relevant D. alert51. A. joining in B. applying to C. turning to D. taking to52. A. In reality B. In other words C. What’s more D. For example53. A. dramatic B. positive C. negative D. serious54. A. depend on B. benefit from C. contribute to D. involve in55. A. appeal B. refer C. adapt D. commitSection BDirections: Read the following three passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)When she was ten years old, Isadora Duncan dropped out of school to teach people dance. If that job was le to any other ten-year-old, it would have turned out frustrating, difficult, and a little discouraging.But Duncan was different. Not only was she already talented enough to earn money even at that age, but she also had a rare kind of confidence that helped her treat troubles as fuel -- something to elevate the fire that is already burning inside of her.It’s no surprise, then, that when she moved to New York to join a theatre company, she found herself restricted. The existing dancing style, their way of operating -- all of this seemed to her the work of a misguided past. Duncan was very direct about what she wanted, confidently telling people she had a different vision of dance that she was going to spread in the world. This, naturally, led to ridicule and laughs early on, but as she built up her work, these instances became less frequent. Today, she is remembered as “The Mother of Dance,”with much of the modern art owing its expressive style to her influence. Inspired by the ancient Greeks, she brought the style to life.In her autobiography（自传）, one of the things Duncan frequently refers to as the basis of her expressive spirit is the fact that she had a childhood where she wasn’t constantly watched. The expectations of her mother (who raised her) were open - ended. It was freedom of this lifestyle that drove her to see what she could do.Growing up, before she left school, she was told one of two things : that was either completely useless or that she was a genius. There was nothing is between. Even when she started working, people either bowed to her or they basically ignored her. But there wasn’t one moment Duncan doubted her own genius.There is an old quotation “if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stupid.” And it captures an important truth. At school, Isadora Duncan was a failure. In the dance hall, she gave from to brilliance.56. What does the underlined phrase “treat troubles as fuel” mean?A. Duncan used troubles to push her forward towards her dream.B. Duncan was good at burning away everyday troubles.C. Troubles turned Duncan into a confident girl.D. Troubles it the fire of dancing in Duncan.57. Which of the following is TRUE about Duncan?A. Her experience in New York was the foundation of her career.B. Her teaching job when she was little destroyed her confidence.C. Her dancing style was not very well received at the beginning.D. Her mother set higher expectation on her than she could bear.58. What does the author try to tell the readers in the last paragraph?A. It is useless climbing a tree to catch fish.B. Everybody is a genius in his own way.C. Miseries come from human stupidity.D. Teachers can impact students greatly.59. What is this passage mainly about?A. Isadora Duncan’s childhood and her achievements today.B. Duncan’s career development and other dancers’ opinions of her.C. Isadora Duncan’s early experiences and the reasons for her success.D. Duncan’s high status in the dancing world and her unique expressive style.(B)Taking your pulse during physical activity allows you to measure how hard you are exercising. You shouldIncreasing your heart rate is a key part of exercise, but it is important that your heart rate is not too high or too low. If you are a beginner, you should also be able to breathe comfortably while exercising. This will ensure that you are exercising at a level that is safe and effective for your body.The chart below illustrates target heart rate ranges for exercise based on the maximal heart rate for selected ages.TARGET HEART RATE RANGES BASED ON AGETarget Heart Rate Zone60. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Exercise intensity can be reflected by a person’s heart rate.B. The faster your heart rate is, the more effective the exercise is.C. Vigorous exercise will definitely present a threat to people’s safety.D. The target exercise heart rate range for a 45 -year-old is 90-149 RMB.61. A 34-year-old man is running and the number of pulses he takes for 15 seconds is 40. His finess coach had better tell him ________.A. “You are doing fine.”B. “You can run faster.”C. “You should slow down a bit.”D. “You should drink some water.”62. What is the purpose of this passage?A. To advise people to form a habit of taking their pulses while exercising.B. To inform people of the target heart rate zone for those aged 60 an under.C. To tell people the importance of maintaining moderate amount of exercise.D. To show people how to measure heart rate to keep proper exercise intensity.(C)A tiny clue found in ancient deposits has unlocked big secrets about Greenland’s past and future climate. Just beyond the northwest edge of the vast Greenland Ice Sheet, researchers have discovered lake mud that have survived the last ice age. The mud, and remains of common flies in it, record two inter-glacial periods（间冰期）in northwestGreenland.Although researchers have long known these two periods -- the early Holocene and Last Inter-glacial - experienced warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly species shows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought. “As far as we know, it has never been found in Greenland. We think this is the first time anyone has reported it in ancient deposits or modern lakes there,” Axford said. “We were really surprised to see how far north it migrated （迁徙）.”This new information could help researchers better measure Greenland’s sensitivity to warming, by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheet behaviour. Those models could than improve predictions of how Greenland’s ice sheet might respond to man-made global warming. After all, Greenland coveres 80 per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level. “Northwest Greenland might feel really remote, but what happens to that ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world,” said Yarrow Axford, an associate professor in the team. “One of the big uncertainties in climate science is how fast the Earth changes when it gets warmer. Geology gives us an opportunity to see what happened when the Earth was warmer than today,” said Axford.People might be surprised to see how today’s Greenland looked during the last two inter-glacial periods. During the Last Inter-glacial, global sea levels increased by 15 to 30 feet, largely due to thinning of Greenland and Antarctica’s ice sheets. However, now researchers believe northern Greenland’s ice sheet experienced stronger warming than previously thought, which could mean that Greenland is more responsible for that sea-level rise.Finding lake deposits older than about 10,000 years, however, has been historically very difficult in Greenland. To measure these ancient temperatures, researchers look to ice cores（冰核）and lake deposits. Since ice and lake deposits form by a gradual buildup on annual layers of snow or mud, these cores contain history of the past. By looking through the layers, researchers can obtain climate clues from centuries ago.63. Why are the remains of flies mentioned in the first two paragraphs?A. They serve as evidence that there is still life in the Northwest Greenland.B. They were one of the many ancient lives that were left in the Greenland mud.C. They are indicators that Greenland was much warmer than previously thought.D. They help the researchers realize that there was once a warm period in the Arctic.64. The new information about Greenland is important because ________.A. researchers have no idea how to measure Greenland’s warming speed.B. it can help researchers better predict Greenland’s response to warming.C. people should be more sensitive to the changes in the ice in GreenlandD. it is uncertain how fast the Earth changes with man - made global warming65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. It is easier for today’s scientists to find ancient lake deposits.B. People are surprised at the landscape feature of Greenland today.C. Researchers measure the changing temperatures by directly examining mud.D. Greenland holds enough ice that might one day threaten life in coastal cities.66. Which do you think is the best title of the passage?A. Greenland Used to Be Much GreenerB. Earth Once Experienced Warm PeriodsC. Coastal Cities Warned of Coming DisastersD. Northwest Greenland, A Perfect DestinationSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Fifty-four percent of South Africans are hungry or at risk of hunger. Hunger affects people’s health, as well as their ability to live full and productive lives because the rights to dignity, health and education are affected by hunger._____67_____ There are significant race, class and gender differences. For example, black South Africans are 22 times more likely to be food insecure compared with white South Africans. Food insecurity is defined as not having physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.This unequal distribution indicates a situation of severe food injustice in South Africa. Yet from the research with urban farmers it’s clear that people do not know of the right to food, and don’t see unequal access to nutritious food as an injustice. _____68______ While there are frequent protests around access to jobs, education, housing, water and electricity, we rarely, if ever, see protests about access to food.One of the drivers of unequal access to food is the way in which the industrial food system works. For example, a few large companies dominate each aspect of the food value chain. _____69_____ Because the large companies dominate the supply chain, they are able to maximize profits at the expense of small - scale producers, to whom they pay very low prices._____70______ It needs to ensure that marginalized producers, processors and retailers have an opportunity to earn a decent living. At the same time corporate dominance needs to be addressed.Anyway, at the most basic level, it requires that South Africans know they have a right to food in the first place.Ⅱ. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Most of us -- even those at the top -- struggle with public - speaking anxiety. When I ask my clients what makes them nervous, invariably they respond with the same answers: “I don’t like being watched”, “I don’t like the eyes on me” or “I don’t like being in the spotlight.”To understand why, we need to go way back to prehistoric times, when humans regarded eyes watching us as an existential threat. Those eyes were likely predators（肉食动物）and people were terrified of being eaten alive. The bad news is that our brains have transferred the ancient fear of being watched into public speaking. In other words, public - speaking anxiety is in our DNA.Fortunately, there is a solution: human generosity. The key to disarming our panic button is to turn the focus away from ourselves and toward helping the audience. Studies have shown that an increase in generosity indeed leads to a decrease in amygdala（扁桃腺）activity, which is responsible for our panic feeling in the brain. When we are kind to others, we overcome the sense of being under attack and start to feel less nervous.Admittedly, this is hard to do. But it’s absolutely possible to become a generous speaker. To begin with, when you start preparing for a presentation, the mistake you often make is starting with the topic. Instead, you should start with the audience. Identify the audience’s needs, and craft a message that speaks directly to those needs. Also, you are the most nervous right before you speak. This is the moment when your brain is telling you, “Everyone is judging me.” But it is exactly the moment when you should refocus your brain. Over time, your brain will begin to get it, and you will become less nervous.Ⅱ. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.有些地方因污染而出现了许多奇怪的疾病。
2020-2021学年上海市嘉定区第一中学高三英语第一次联考试题及参考答案
2020-2021学年上海市嘉定区第一中学高三英语第一次联考试题及参考答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AThe Costa Book Awards consistently pick winners that are both of the moment and subsequently endure. It's our pleasure to confirm this year’s Category Winners.First Novel Award WinnerBook: Eleanor Oliphant is Completely FineAuthor: Gail HoneymanEleanor is 31 years old; work finishes on a Friday and begins again on a Monday. Between, her only company will be two bottles of vodka and her own solitary, unique wit (机智). It is contentment, of a kind, but an unexpected shared experience suddenly opens the door to possibility. Challenging reader expectations with a living, breathing character, Gail Honeyman’s debut (初次登台、开张)is a funny and moving diamond.Biography Award WinnerBook: In the Days of RainAuthor: Rebecca StottThe Exclusive Brethren were aclosed community who believed the world is ruled by Satan. Into this is born Rebecca. Her father had been an influential Brethren Minister. As her father lay dying, he begged her to help him write the memoir. He wanted to tell the story of their family who for generations had all been members of a fundamentalist Christian sect.Poetry Award WinnerBook: Inside the WaveAuthor: Helen DunmoreTo be alive is to be inside the wave, always travelling until it breaks and is gone. These poems are concerned with the borderline between the living and the dead — the underworld and the human living world – and the acutely intense being of both.Children's Award WinnerBook:The ExplorerAuthor: Katherine Rundell, Hannah HornFour children survive their aircraft plunging into the Amazon jungle, but for Fred and his friends it’s only the beginning of a cruel battle for survival. Brimming with adventure and a real command of character and incident, Rundell has few peers in superb children's fiction.1.What kind of life does Eleanor lead?A.boring and lonely.B.funny and touching.C.exciting and complex.D.ordinary and happy.2.Why did Rebecca Stott writeIn the Days of Rain?A.To introduce beliefs of the Exclusive Brethren.B.To help her father fulfill his last wish.CTo share the life of fundamentalist Christians.D.To pass on her family traditions.3.For a young adventurous soul, which book seems more appealing?A.Eleanor Oliphant is Completely FineB.In the Days of RainC.Inside the WaveD.The ExplorerBPaper is an important part of modern life. People use it in school, at work, to make artwork and books, to wrap presents and much more. Trees are the most common material for paper these days.So how do people make paper out of trees today? People first cut trees, load them onto trucks and bring them to a factory. Machines cut open the outer coverings of the trees, and cut the trees into pieces. Those pieces are boiled into a soup. After that, it is hit flat, dried and cut up into sheets of paper.The entire process, from planting a small tree to buying your school notebook, takes a very long time. Just growing the trees takes 10 to 20 years.Making tons of paper from trees can harm the planet. Humans cut down 80, 000 to 160,000 trees around the world every day, and use many of them to make paper. Some of those trees come from tree farms. But people also cut down forests for paper, which means that animals and birds lose their homes.Cutting forests down also contributes to climate change, and paper factories pollute the air. After you throw paper, it often takes the paper six to nine years to break down. That's why recycling is important. It saves a lot of trees, slows climate change and helps protect endangered animals, birds and all creatures that rely on forests for their homes and food.So if paper isn't good for the environment, why don't people write on something else?The answer: They do. With computers, tablets and cellphones, people use much less paper than in the past. Maybe a day will come when we won't use paper at all — or will save it for very special books and artworks.4. What can we know about making paper out of trees?A. It costs much money.B. It takes a lot of time.C. It is very easy and fast.D. It is dangerous and difficult.5. What is the impact of paper production?A. It promotes the recycling.B. It does harm to the environment.C. It slows down the climate change.D. It protects the animals from losing homes.6. How will we use paper someday in the future according to the text?A. Use it for books only.B. Use the recycled paper.C. Treasure it occasionally.D. Use it for artworks.7. What idea does the author want to express from the text?A. The influence of making paper on environment.B. The wonderful experience of making paper.C. The necessary process of making paper.D. The good reasons for making paper.CResearchers at CU Boulder have developed a wearable device that changes the human body into a biological battery. The device is stretchy(弹性的) enough that you can wear it like a ring, sport band or any other thing that touches your skin. It also taps into a person's natural heat-employing thermoelectric generators to change the body's internal temperature into electricity. "In the future, we want to be able to power your wearable electronics without having to include a battery," said Jianliang Xiao, an associate professor at CU Boulder.The concept may sound like something out of The Matrix film series, in which a race of robots have enslaved humansto harvest their precious organic energy. Xiao and his colleagues aren't that ambitious: Their devices can generate about 1 volt (伏特) of energy for every square centimeter of skin space-less volt per area than what most existing batteries provide but stillenough to power electronics like watches or fitness trackers.Scientists have previously experimented with similar wearable devices, but Xiao's is stretchy, can heal itselfwhen damaged and is fully recyclable-making it a cleaner alternative to traditional electronics. "Whenever you use a battery, you're depleting(消耗) that battery and will, eventually, need to replace it," Xiao said. "The nice thing about our device is that you can wear it, and it provides you with constant power."Just pretend that you're out for a jog. As you exercise, your body heats up, and thatheat will radiate out to the cool air around you. Xiao's device captures that flow of energy rather than let it go to waste. "The thermoelectric generators are in close contact with the human body, and they can use the heat that would normally be sent into the environment," Xiao said.8. What does Xiao expect of his device at present?A. It will be used for medical purposes.B. It will be made smaller and wearable.C. It will change natural power into electricity.D. It will supply constant power to wearable devices.9. Why does the author mentionThe Matrixseries in the text?A. To give an explanation.B. To make a comparison.C. To introduce a topic.D. To analyze the cause.10. What does the third paragraph mainly talk about?A. The strengths of Xiao's device.B. The convenience of using a battery.C. The replacement of wearable devices.D. The development of traditional electronics.11. What do we know about Xiao's device from the text?A. It operates with plenty of power.B. It is designed for practical use.C. It benefits people's health in a way.D. It's based on traditional electronics.DHi, Momis a hit inChina. Since its release in early February the movie has earned more than 5 billion yuan at the box office. It is currently the second-highest-grossing film ever released in the country, and may yet overtakeWolf Worrior2, an action film from 2017.Written and directed by Jia Ling, the film is adapted from her comedy routine from 2016 which explored herrelationship with her mother, who died in an accident when Ms. Jia was 19. At a time when many people have been separated from their families, the themes of grief and filial piety (孝道) inHi, Mombring agreement.The film’s impressive box office income is also a reminder of the health of the industry inChinacompared withHollywood. In the West cinemas remain closed due to lockdown or operate at limited capacity; inChina, where many restrictions have been lifted, between 50% and 75% of seats are available to book. During the Spring Festival, Chinese cinemas made an estimated $1.5 billion in ticket sales – 71% of takings at the American box office in all of 2020.With cinemas shut, film-sales agent stopped bringingHollywoodmovies to market. That has given locally made films a chance to excel. Since 2013, domestic films have taken around 60% of total box office earnings. In 2021, that number may get closer to 100%.12. What can be inferred from the first paragraph aboutHi, Mom?A. It will be a success.B.Wolf Worrior2 will be released after it.C. It is better than Wolf Worrior 2.D. It may be the first-highest-grossing film inChina.13. Which statement is NOT true according to the text?A. The film industry inChinais developing better than that inHollywood.B. The film is based on a real story.C. You can’t go to cinema because there are many restrictions.D. Many people can’t see their families often nowadays.14. What is the author’s attitude towards local films?A. NegativeB. PositiveC. IndifferentD. Skeptical15. What can be a suitable title for the text?A. Local Movies Arise.B. China Film Industry.C. Comedy Time.D.Hi, Mom-China’s Latest Hit.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
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2020.1 嘉定区高三英语第一学期期末质量抽查试卷(满分：140分考试时间：120分钟)I. Listening ComprehensionSection A (10分)Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Terrific. B. Tough. C. Exciting. D. Well-paid.2. A. Have her parents live on campus.B. Call local hotels again in a few days.C. Phone the Cliffside Inn for a reservation.D. Ask her parents to come on another weekend.3. A. Put on a coat at once. B. Exchange the tickets.C. Take care of his cold.D. Watch the game at home.4. A. She has to post a letter instead. B. She can’t send the message right now.C. She’s not sure if the computer is fixed.D. She has to turn down the man’s request.5. A. T he book is much too long. B. He hasn’t read the book yet.C. He seldom reads such a book.D. The book is very interesting.6. A. He has already seen the film. B. He is unlikely to go to the cinema.C. He has just recovered from the flu.D. He doesn’t think highly of the film.7. A. Think about getting a job at another place. B. Find a suitable job to work happily.C. Sign up for more than one journalism class.D. Call the news agency about the job.8. A. She wishes she had seen the play.B. The scenery could have been more realistic.C. The makeup wasn’t as good as the scenery.D. The actors should have worn ancient makeup.9. A. She contacts her parents occasionally.B. She phones her parents regularly at weekends.C. She visits her parents when the fares are down.D. She often calls her parents regardless of the rate.10. A. They cannot finish the assignment until Thursday.B. They have plenty of time to work on the assignment.C. The assignment looks easy but actually quite difficult.D. The assignment is difficult for them to complete on time.Section B (15分)1Directions:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heardQuestions 11 through 13 are based on the following news.11. A. How to share responsibilities. B. How to motivate themselves.C. How to respond to challenges.D. How to code computer games.12. A. They don’t receive grades. B. They don’t have to take exams.C. They can do whatever they like.D. They must study math and English.13. A. More schools are trying the creative approach to teaching.B. More students are being sent to hike across the Alps.C. More teenagers are coming to study at the school.D. More teachers are designing “challenge” projects.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. To take photos for an investigation.B. To pursue his hobby of photography.C. To recover from an illness and gain health.D. To further his interest in the American West.15. A. Walter Smith began to study Blackfoot culture as a part-time job.B. The Blackfoot community was a great attraction to other Americans.C. Walter Smith was devoted to protecting and spreading Blackfoot culture.D. The Blackfoot officially received its name for the color of their footwear.16. A. Walter Smith’s life-long dream to enter the Blackfoot world.B. Walter Smith’s efforts to save an endangered culture.C. Walter Smith’s journey to Blackfoot’s community.D. The precious pictures of the Blackfoot Indians.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. Talking about the latest movies freely online.B. Watching movies on the big theatre screens.C. Watching movies with her best friends.D. Seeing new movies on weekends.18. A. Because he wants to save money and snacks as well.B. Because he can avoid being influenced by spoilers (剧透).C. Because he wants to interact freely while watching movies.D. Because action movies shown at the theatre have the similar plot.19. A. They enjoy watching superhero movies.B. They like sharing the latest movies online.2C. They appreciate interacting freely with friends.D. They are fond of guessing the plot of new movies.20. A. Watch the new movie with the woman on DVD.B. Wait to be informed about the contents of the movie.C. Watch the superhero movie when the DVD comes out.D. Rent the cheapest DVD to watch whatever movies available.II. Grammar and VocabularySection A (10分)Directions: After reading the passage below, /ill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.This is where my kids grew upFor years now, I’ve been wanting to sell our home, theplace where my husband and I raised our kids. But to me, thishouse is more than just a building. In the front room, there’s awall that has hundreds of pencil lines.Every growth stage(21)__________(mark) in pencils, with each child’s name andthe date.Of all the objects and all the memories, it’s this one thingin a home that’s(22)__________(hard) to leave behind. Our kids grow in so many ways, but the wall is physical evidence of their progress. Friends I know have visited their previous home only (23)__________(discover) their wall of heights has been freshly painted over. Over the years, I’ve talked about how much I would hate leaving that wall behind when I moved, (24)______ ______ the last marks were made 10 years ago when my kids stopped growing. So one day, while I was at work, my children decided to do (25)__________ about it.They hired Jacquie Manning, a professional photographer (26)__________ work is about capturing the beautiful things in life. She came to our house while I was at work, and over several hours, (27)__________(take) photos of the hundreds of drawings and lines, little grey fingerprints, and old marks. Somehow, she managed to photograph (28)__________ we had experienced in all those years. Afterwards, she put all the photos together into one image, (29)__________(transform) them into a beautiful history of my family.Three weeks later, my children’s wonderful gift made its way to me —(30)__________ life-size photo of the pencil lines and fingerprints that represents entire lifetimes of love and growth.Section B (10分)Directions: Fill in each blank with. a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be usedA. emphasizesB. principleC. enormousD. helpingE. energizedF. active3Emphasizing social play and students helping one another in kindergarten improves academic outcomes, self-control and attention regulation, finds new UBC research. The study, published in the journal PLoS One, found this approach to kindergarten curriculum also31 children’s joy in learning and teachers’ enjoyment of teaching.“Before children have the ability to sit for long periods32 information, they need to be allowed to be33 and be encouraged to learn by doing,” said Dr. Adele Diamond, the study’s lead author. “Indeed,people of all ages learn better by doing than by being told.”Through a controlled experiment, Diamond and her colleagues34 the effectiveness of a curriculum called Tools of the Mind (Tools). The curriculum was introduced to willing kindergarten teachers and 351 children with different backgrounds in 18 public schools.Tools was developed in 1993 by two American researchers. Its basic 35 is that social-emotional development and improving self-control is as important as teaching academic skills and content. The Tools 36 the role of social play in developing skills such as self-control, selective attention and planning. “Skills like self-control and selective attention are necessary for learning. They are often more strongly associated with school readiness (入学准备) than intelligence quotient (IQ),” said Diamond. “This experiment is the first to show37 of a curriculum emphasizing social play.”Teachers reported more 38 behavior and greater sense of community in Tools classes. Late in the school year, Tools teachers reported they still felt 39 and excited about teaching, while teachers in the control group were exhausted. “I have enjoyed seeing the40 progress my students have made in writing and reading.” said a Tools teacher in Vancouver. “I have also enjoyed seeing the students get so excited about coming to school and learning. They loved all the activit ies so much that many students didn’t want to miss school, even if they were sick.”III. Reading ComprehensionSection A (15分)Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the content.In product design, imagining users’ feelings leads to more original outcomes Researchers find that in new product design, connecting with users’ heart, rather than their head, can lead to more original and creative outcomes.Developing original and41 products is critical to a company’s long-term success. Thus, understanding what influences originality can have important and potentially 42 consequences for businesses. Ravi Mehta, a professor of business administration, shows that adopting a(n) 43 that imagines how the user would feel while using a product leads designers to experience greater empathy（同感）, which 44 creativity and, in turn, outcome originality for new product design.There are two ways that the product designer can 45 the consumer’s product usage. One focuses on objective use of the product—how consumers might use the product, that is, an4“objective –imagination” approach. The other focuses on feelings—how the product makes the consumer feel, a “feelings-imagination” ap proach.Consumers always want to have new products that solve problems more efficiently and at a less cost. So product designers 46 this trap of being very objective in focusing on the use of a product. That’s important, but the 47 of usage can only attract consumers in some ways. 48 , the feelings-imagination approach leads designers to experience greater empathy, which makes them more49 to the consumers’ ideas. This leads to greater outcome originality. Mehta said, “when you imagine consumers and focus on their feelings, that’s powerful and will lead to something much more innovative than only focusing on a product’s usage.” The research shows that a feelings-based approach is 50 to the commonly used objective-based approach, the researchers wrote. It not only helps product designers build a better product, but it also helps them create more innovative products.The implications of the findings extend to everyday consumers, who now play a role in shaping companies’ design. Mehta said, “Marketers are increasingly 51 consumers for new product ideas.”52 , there was a very successful campaign a few years ago that focused on getting consumers to create a new potato chip flavor.The experiments demonstrated a53 effect of adopting a feelings-imagination approach. That suggests that these designers may 54 imagining users’ feelings. In this way, designers can develop products that could 55 to the masses. Companies can easily adopt this process and promote feelings-imagination exercises through their websites or social media.41. A. primary B. innovative C. natural D. domestic42. A. temporary B. slight C. indefinite D. profitable43. A. policy B. proposal C. approach D. standard44. A. enhances B. exhibits C. illustrates D. explores45. A. recommend B. extend C. exploit D. imagine46. A. fall apart B. figure out C. fall into D. turn into47. A. originality B. objectivity C. creativity D. flexibility48. A. In conclusion B. In addition C. As a result D. By contrast49. A. open B. harmful C. resistant D. equal50. A. evident B. superior C. relevant D. alert51. A. joining in B. applying to C. turning to D. taking in52. A. In reality B. In other words C. What’s more D. For example53. A. dramatic B. positive C. negative D. serious54. A. depend on B. benefit from C. contribute to D. involve in55. A. appeal B. refer C. adapt D. commitSection B (22分)Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)5When she was ten years old, Isadora Duncan dropped out of school toteach people dance. If that job was left to any other ten-year-old, it wouldhave turned out frustrating, difficult, and a little discouraging.But Duncan was different. Not only was she already talented enoughto earn money even at that age, but she also had a rare kind of confidencethat helped her treat troubles as fuel—something to elevate the fire thatis already burning inside of her.It’s no surprise, then, that when she moved to New York to join atheatre company, she found herself restricted. The existing dancing style,their way of operating—all of this seemed to her the work of a misguidedpast. Duncan was very direct about what she wanted, confidently telling people she had a different vision of dance that she was going to spread in the world. This, naturally, led to ridicule and laughs early on, but as she built up her work, these instances became less frequent. Today, she is remembered as “The Mother of Dance,” with much of the modern art owing its expressive style to her influence. Inspired by the ancient Greeks, she brought the style to life.In her autobiography (自传), one of the things Duncan frequently refers to as the basis of her expressive spirit is the fact that she had a childhood where she wasn’t constantly watched. The expectations of her mother (who raised her) were open-ended. It was the freedom of this lifestyle that drove her to see what she could do.Growing up, before she left school, she was told one of two things: that she was either completely useless or that she was a genius. There was nothing in between. Even when she started w orking, people either bowed to her or they basically ignored her. But there wasn’t one moment Duncan doubted her own genius.There is an old quotation “if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing that it is stu pid.” And it captures an important truth. At school, Isadora Duncan was a failure. In the dance hall, she gave form to brilliance.56. What does the underlined phrase “treat troubles as fuel” mean?A. Duncan used troubles to push her forward towards her dream.B. Duncan was good at burning away everyday troubles.C. Troubles turned Duncan into a confident girl.D. Troubles lit the fire of dancing in Duncan.57. Which of the following is TRUE about Duncan?A. Her experience in New York was the foundation of her career.B. Her teaching job when she was little destroyed her confidence.C. Her dancing style was not very well received at the beginning.D. Her mother set higher expectation on her than she could bear.58. What does the author try to tell the readers in the last paragraph?A. It is useless climbing a tree to catch fish.B. Everybody is a genius in his own way.C. Miseries come from human stupidity.D. Teachers can impact students greatly.6759. What is this passage mainly about?A. Isadora Duncan’s c hildhood and her achievements today.B. Duncan’s career development and other dancers’ opinions of her.C. Isadora Duncan’s early experiences and the reasons for her success.D. Duncan’s high status in the dancing world and her unique expressive style.(B)Taking your pulse during physical activity allows you to measure how hard you are exercising. You should exercise to stay within your target heart range.Increasing your heart rate is a key part of exercise, but it is important that your heart rate is not too high or too low. If you are a beginner, you should also be able to breathe comfortably while exercising. This will ensure that you are exercising at a level that is safe and effective for your body.The chart below illustrates target heart rate ranges for exercise based on the maximal heart rate for selected ages. Here are the steps for using the chart:• Use your index finger (食指) and middle finger . Don’t use your thumb (拇指) —it has apulse of its own.• Place these two fingers on your wrist, just below the base of the thumb.• Count the number of beats (pulses) for 15 seconds.• Take this number and multiply by 4 to find your heart rate in beats per minute. Forexample, if you count 25 beats, 25 x 4 = 100 beats per minute.860. Which of the following is TRUE?A. Exercise intensity can be reflected by a person’s heart rate.B. The faster your heart rate is, the more effective the exercise is.C. Vigorous exercise will definitely present a threat to people’s safety.D. The target exercise heart rate range for a 45-year-old is 90–149 BPM.61. A 34-year-old man is running and the number of pulses he takes for 15 seconds is 40.His fitness coach had better tell him ______.A. “You are doing fine.”B. “You can run faster.”C. “You should slow down a bit.”D. “You should drink some water.”62. What is the purpose of this passage?A. To advise people to form a habit of taking their pulses while exercising.B. To inform people of the target heart rate zone for those aged 60 and under.C. To tell people the importance of maintaining moderate amount of exercise.D. To show people how to measure heart rate to keep proper exercise intensity.(C)A tiny clue found in ancient deposits has unlocked big secrets about Greenlan d’s past and future climate. Just beyond the northwest edge of the vast Greenland Ice Sheet, researchers have discovered lake mud that have survived the last ice age. The mud, and remains of common flies in it, record two interglacial periods （间冰期）in northwest Greenland.Although researchers have long known these two periods —the early Holocene and Last Interglacial —experienced warming in the Arctic, the mix of fly species shows that Greenland was even warmer than previously thought. “As far as we know, it ha s never been found in Greenland. We think this is the first time anyone has reported it in ancient deposits or modern lakes there,” Axford said. “We were really surprised to see how far north it migrated (迁徙).”This new information could help researchers b etter measure Greenland’s sensitivitytowarming, by testing and improving models of climate and ice sheet behaviour. Those models could then improve predictions of how Greenland’s ice sheet might respond to man-made global warming. After all, Greenland covers 80 per cent of the Arctic country and holds enough ice to equal 20 feet of global sea level. “Northwest Greenland might feel really remote, but what happens to that ice sheet is going to matter to everyone in every coastal city around the world,” said Yarrow Axford, an associate professor in the team. “One of the big uncertainties in climate science is how fast the Earth changes when it gets warmer. Geology gives us an opportunity to see what happened when the Earth was warmer than today,” said Axford.People might be surprised to see how today’s Greenland looked during the last two interglacial periods. During the Last Interglacial, global sea levels increased by 15 to 30 feet, largely due to thinning of Greenland and Antarctica’s ice sheets. However, now researchers believe northern Greenland’s ice sheet experienced stronger warming than previously thought, which could mean that Greenland is more responsible for that sea-level rise.Finding lake deposits older than about 10,000 years, however, has been historically very difficult in Greenland. To measure these ancient temperatures, researchers look to ice cores (冰核) and lake deposits. Since ice and lake deposits form by a gradual buildup on annual layers of snow or mud, these cores contain history of the past. By looking through the layers, researchers can obtain climate clues from centuries ago.63. Why are the remains of flies mentioned in the first two paragraphs?A. They serve as evidence that there is still life in the Northwest Greenland.B. They were one of the many ancient lives that were left in the Greenland mud.C. They are indicators that Greenland was much warmer than previously thought.D. They help the researchers realize that there was once a warm period in the Arctic.64. The new information about Greenland is important because ______.A. researchers have no idea how to measure Greenland’s warming speedB. it can help researchers better predict Greenland’s response to warmingC. people should be more sensitive to the changes in the ice in GreenlandD. it is uncertain how fast the Earth changes with man-made global warming65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. It is easier for today’s scientists to find ancient lake deposits.B. People are surprised at the landscape feature of Greenland today.C. Researchers measure the changing temperatures by directly examining mud.D. Greenland holds enough ice that might one day threaten life in coastal cities.66. Which do you think is the best title of the passage?A. Greenland Used to Be Much GreenerB. Earth Once Experienced Warm PeriodsC. Coastal Cities Warned of Coming DisastersD. Northwest Greenland, A Perfect DestinationSection C (8分)Directions:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.9Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.health, as well as their ability to live full and productive lives because the rights to dignity, health and education are affected by hunger.67 There are significant race, class and gender differences. For example, black South Africans are 22 times more likely to be food insecure compared with white South Africans. Food insecurity is defined as not having physical, social and economic access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life.This unequal distribution indicates a situation of severe food injustice in South Africa. Yet from the research with urban farmers it’s clear that people do not know of the right to food, and don’t see unequal access to nutritious food as an injustice.68 While there are frequent protests around access to jobs, education, housing, water and electricity, we rarely, if ever, see protests about access to food.One of the drivers of unequal access to food is the way in which the industrial food system works. For example, a few large companies dominate each aspect of the food value chain. 69 Because the large companies dominate the supply chain, they are able to maximize profits at the expense of small-scale producers, to whom they pay very low prices.70 It needs to ensure that marginalized producers, processors and retailers have an opportunity to earn a decent living. At the same time corporate dominance needs to be addressed. Anyway, at the most basic level, it requires that South Africans know they have a right to food in the first place.IV. Summary Writing (10分)Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible:Most of us — even those at the top — struggle with public-speaking anxiety. When I ask my cl ients what makes them nervous, invariably they respond with the same answers: “I don’t like being watched”, “I don’t like the eyes on me” or “I don’t like being in the spotlight”.To understand why, we need to go way back to prehistoric times, when humans regarded eyes watching us as an existential threat. Those eyes were likely predators (肉食动物) and people were terrified of being eaten alive. The bad news is that our brains have transferred the ancient fear of10being watched into public speaking. In other words, public-speaking anxiety is in our DNA.Fortunately, there is a solution: human generosity. The key to disarming our panic button is to turn the focus away from ourselves and toward helping the audience. Studies have shown that an increase in generosity indeed leads to a decrease in amygdala (扁桃腺) activity, which is responsible for our panic feeling in the brain. When we are kind to others, we overcome the sense of being under attack and start to feel less nervous.Admittedly, this is hard to do. But it’s absolutely possible to become a generous speaker. To begin with, when you start preparing for a presentation, the mistake you often make is starting with the topic. Instead, you should start with the audience. Identify the audience’s needs, and craft a message that speaks directly to those needs. Also, you are the most nervous right before you speak. This is the moment when your brain is telling you, “Everyone is judging me.” But it is exactly the moment when you should refocus your brain. Over time, your brain will begin to get it, and you will become less nervous.V. Translation (15分)Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 有些地方因污染而出现了许多奇怪的疾病。