Unit 2 The Subject and subject-verb concord
Unit 2 We’re Family! Lesson 3 Grammar Focus(3a3d)
Complete the passage with the correct forms of the verbs in the box.
be like look make play talk have
I have a brother and sister. My brother is tall, and he __h_a_s_ short hair. He is really funny, and he often m__a_k_e_s us laugh. My sister __i_s__ very different. She is short, and she has long brown hair. She is a quiet girl. She really _l_ik_e_s_ reading. I’m not tall or short. I don’t _t_a_lk__ or read much. But I _p_l_a_y_ the violin very well. I also like playing tennis. We __a_re__ all different, but we have a lot of fun together.
Linlin ➢ Lingling has a younger brother. ➢ Lingling have a younger brother.
➢ Her mom cook dinner for the family every day.
➢ Her mom cooks dinner for the family every day.
She’s good at paper cutting.
牛津译林版(2024)七年级上册Unit 2 Hobbies第四课时Grammar教案
Unit 2教案第四课时Grammar◆内容分析本板块围绕单元话题，谈论彼此的兴趣爱好，指导学生学习行为动词的一般现在时的形式特征及其在语境中表达的意义和使用的规则。
本板块首先呈现Reading 板块语篇中的原句，引导学生关注一般现在时的形式特征之一，即动词为原形或第三人称单数形式，并归纳行为动词的一般现在时表达的意义；接着展示一般现在时的肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句的例句以及行为动词的第三人称单数形式变化的表格，指导学生观察和探究助动词do和行为动词的一般现在时的基本形式特征；随后通过单句和对话语篇两个层面的练习帮助学生巩固所学内容，内化新知；最后设置讨论自己和他人的兴趣爱好的情境，引导学生围绕单元话题在语境中运用目标语法，强化一般现在时的语法结构，领悟一般现在时的语用功能。
◆教学目标通过本课时学习，学生能够：1获取和梳理一般现在时的肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句中行为动词和助动词do 的形式变化规律以及行为动词的第三人称单数形式变化规律；2辨别和归纳行为动词的一般现在时的表意功能，即用于描述惯常行为、普遍真理或目前符合事实的事情；3在交流自己和他人的兴趣爱好的情境中正确运用行为动词的一般现在时，进一步增进对同学的兴趣爱好的了解。
◆教学建议•^Presentation1Read the sentences from Millie's article about Daniel on page 23 and answer the following questions.(1)Which tense do these sentences use? How do you know that?(2)According to these sentences, when can we use the simple present tense?2Have students read the positive sentences using verbs in the simple present tense in the table on page 23 and answer the following questions.(1)When do we use the base form of verbs in a positive sentence?(2)When do we use the third person singular form of verbs in a positive sentence?3Have students read the negative sentences and questions using verbs in the simple present tense in the tables on page 23 and answer the following question.Which form of the verbs should we use in negative sentences and questions in the simple present tense?4Have students read and learn Tip 1 on page 23.5Have students finish “Work out the rule!” on page 23.6Have students answer the following question.How do we change most verbs into the third person singular form?7Read the table at the bottom of page 23 and summarize the ways to change verbs into the third person singular form.8Have students go through “Grammar check” from page 140 to 142. Give explanations if necessary.•^Practice1Have students underline the subject of each sentence in A on page 24 first and then finish A.Then have students underline the time adverbial of each sentence in A and summarize the rule.2Have students finish B on page 24.Answer1Does; No, she doesn't.2Does; No, she doesn't.3Does; Yes, she does.4Do; No, they don't.3 Have students finish C on page 24.■^ProductionHave students finish D on page 24.◆设计意图本板块教学首先通过分析Reading板块语篇原句，引导学生观察行为动词的一般现在时的形式特征，感知一般现在时的表意功能；接着指导学生观察肯定句、否定句和一般疑问句，归纳行为动词和助动词do在不同句式中的形式变化和使用规则；再引导学生观察行为动词第三人称单数形式，总结变化规律，并在语境中从单句和对话语篇两个层面进行练习和巩固；最后让学生准确使用行为动词的一般现在时讨论兴趣爱好和相关活动，充分内化本单元核心语法知识。
Subject-verb Concord(主谓一致)
4.群岛、山脉、瀑布等专有名词如: the Alps, the Philippines, Niagara Falls等做主语时，谓动用复数。
Niagara Falls are a splendid scene.
5.名词如trousers, pants, shorts, glasses, scissors以及clothes, goods等做主语，谓 动要用单数；但当这类词前有a/the pair of 修饰时，谓动用单数。
七、number, many a...等做主语时的主谓一 致
1. the number of做主语时，谓动用单 数；a number of做主语时，谓动用复 数。 The number of mistakes is surprising. A number of books are missing from the library.
• 另外，像works（工厂），politics（政治），physics （物理）等词，虽然形式上是以s结尾，但表示的意义 是单数，故谓语动词要用单数形式。相反，people， police等词形式上是单数形式，但表示复数意义，谓 语动词要用复数形式
邻近一致
• 谓语动词该用单数还是复数形式，取决 于最邻近它的名词、代词或其它词的数。 • 另外，neither．．．nor， either．．．or，not only．．．but also连接两个名词或代词作主语时，或 由there，here引导的句子，并且主语 不止一个时，谓语动词通常与邻近它的 那个主语保持数上一致。
Subject-verb Concord/Agreement （主谓一致）
在英语中，句子的主语和谓语动词要保持数 上的一致关系，叫主谓一致(Subject-verb Concord/Agreement)。这种关系通常要遵循三 条原则：
Lesson 2 The Subject and the Object
Lesson 2 The Subject and the ObjectThe SubjectI. The form choices of the subject(1) Jack murdered Joan with a gun.The reckless guy murdered Joan with a gun.(2) He murdered her with a gun.May I borrow your bike? Mine is under repair.This is a car.Everyone has arrived.(3) To play tricks on others is wrong.(4) Learning English grammar is by no means easy.(5)Who murdered Joan remains unknown.Why Jack murdered Joan remains unknown.When Jack murdered Joan remains unknown.(6) What to buy for dinner is not decided yet.Where/When/How/Who to prepare the dinner is not decided yet. (7) The blind were taught trades.The old and the young should be able to live together. (8) Two plus/and ten is twelve.Five times four is twenty.Whatever forms the subject takes, we find the subject is always a nominal entity of some kind.The subject is nominal in the sense that it describes some person, place, action, event, fact, etc.Form choices1. Noun (phrase)2. Pronoun3. Infinitive (不定式)4. Gerund (动名词)5. Subject clause6. Wh-/How + to do7. The + adjective8. NumeralII. Infinitive as Subject: 不定式做主语修建长城花费了他们很多年。
新牛津译林版高中英语必修一Unit2Let'stalkteens-GrammarandUsage课件
Although the place is quite pleasant, we should not go there all the time.
Let’s summarize
2.疑问句: 提出问题,有以下四种: (1)一般疑问句 Can you finish the work in time? (2)特殊疑问句 Where do you live? (3)选择疑问句 Do you want tea or coffee?
(4)反意疑问句 He doesn't know her, does he? 3.祈使句: 提出请求、建议或发出命令。 Sit down, please.
2. 表示选择关系的并列句，常见的连接词有：or, either ... or, otherwise等；
3. 表示转折和对比关系的并列句，常见的连接词有：but, while, yet, still, however等；
4. 表示因果关系的并列句，常见的连接词有：for, thus, so, therefore等。
E.g. These habits will be helpful.
句子中只有__一__个___主语（或并列主语）和__一__个___谓语（或并列谓语），
句子的各个成分都是由单词和短语充当。
简单句按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1.陈述句: 说明一个事实或陈述一种看法,有肯定句和否定句之分。 She is fond of collecting stamps. He doesn't want to meet me.
英语基础模块二知识点总结
英语基础模块二知识点总结Module Two of the English Basics course covers a wide range of topics, including grammar, vocabulary, and comprehension skills. It is designed to provide students with a solid foundation in the English language, and to help them build the necessary skills to communicate effectively in both spoken and written English.1. Parts of SpeechAn understanding of the different parts of speech is essential for developing good grammar skills. The basic parts of speech include nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, and interjections. Nouns are words that represent people, places, or things, while pronouns are used to replace nouns in sentences. Verbs are action words, while adjectives and adverbs are used to describe or modify nouns and verbs, respectively. Prepositions are used to show the relationship between words in a sentence, while conjunctions are used to connect words, phrases, or clauses. Interjections are used to express emotions or feelings.2. Sentences and PhrasesA sentence is a group of words that expresses a complete thought. It consists of a subject and a predicate, and it must be a complete idea. A phrase, on the other hand, is a group of words that does not have a subject and a predicate, and it does not express a complete thought. Phrases are used to add information to a sentence, but they cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. Understanding the difference between sentences and phrases is important for constructing clear and concise writing.3. Simple and Compound SentencesA simple sentence consists of a single independent clause, which contains a subject and a predicate and expresses a complete thought. A compound sentence, on the other hand, consists of two or more independent clauses that are joined together by a coordinating conjunction, such as "and," "but," or "or." Understanding the difference between simple and compound sentences is important for building strong writing skills and for creating well-structured and coherent paragraphs and essays.4. Conjunctions and TransitionsConjunctions are words that connect words, phrases, or clauses in a sentence, and they are essential for building strong and coherent writing. There are three main types of conjunctions: coordinating conjunctions, which connect words, phrases, or clauses of equal importance; subordinating conjunctions, which connect independent and dependent clauses and show the relationship between them; and correlative conjunctions, which are used in pairs to connect elements in a sentence. Transitions, on the other hand, are words or phrases that show the relationship between ideas and help to create coherence in a piece ofwriting. They are used to signal a shift from one idea to another, to show cause and effect, to contrast ideas, or to show a sequence of events.5. Verb TensesVerbs can change form to show the time of an action or a state of being. The three main verb tenses are past, present, and future, and each tense can be further divided into simple, continuous, and perfect forms. It is important to understand how and when to use different verb tenses in order to communicate effectively and to convey the correct timeline of events.6. Adjectives and AdverbsAdjectives are words that describe or modify nouns, while adverbs are words that describe or modify verbs, adjectives, or other adverbs. Understanding the difference between adjectives and adverbs, and knowing how to use them correctly, is important for building descriptive and engaging writing.7. ArticlesArticles are words that come before nouns and help to indicate whether the noun is specific or general. There are three articles in English: "a," "an," and "the." "A" and "an" are indefinite articles, used to indicate a non-specific noun, while "the" is the definite article, used to indicate a specific noun. Understanding how to use articles correctly is important for building clear and coherent writing.8. Subject-Verb AgreementIt is important for the subject and the verb in a sentence to agree in number and person. This means that a singular subject requires a singular verb, while a plural subject requires a plural verb. Understanding subject-verb agreement is essential for building strong and coherent writing.9. Comprehension SkillsModule Two also focuses on developing comprehension skills, which are essential for understanding written and spoken English. These skills include identifying main ideas, understanding details, making inferences, and evaluating the overall meaning of a text. Developing strong comprehension skills is essential for building strong reading and listening skills.10. Vocabulary BuildingVocabulary building is a key component of Module Two, and it focuses on expanding students' knowledge of English words and phrases. This includes learning new words, understanding word meanings, and using context clues to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words. Developing a strong vocabulary is essential for building strong communication skills and for understanding a wide range of written and spoken English.Overall, Module Two of the English Basics course provides students with a strong foundation in the English language, covering a wide range of grammar, vocabulary, and comprehension skills. By mastering the topics covered in this module, students will build the necessary skills to communicate effectively in both spoken and written English.。
英语主谓一致的三个原则
英语主谓一致的三个原则以下是英语主谓一致的三个原则：**1. 语法一致原则（Grammatical Concord）**- 释义：The principle of grammatical concord states that the verb should agree with the subject in number and person based on the grammatical form of the subject.- 短语：subject-verb agreement（主谓一致）- 单词：conform（符合；遵照）- 用法：当主语是单数名词、不可数名词、单数代词或动词不定式、动名词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；当主语是复数名词、复数代词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
- 例句：- The book is interesting. （这本书很有趣。
）- Water is essential for life. （水对生命是必不可少的。
）- To see is to believe. （眼见为实。
）- Reading books enriches our knowledge. （读书丰富我们的知识。
）- They are happy. （他们很快乐。
）**2. 意义一致原则（Notional Concord）**- 释义：The principle of notional concord means that the verb agrees with the subject in meaning rather than in form.- 短语：in accordance with the meaning（根据意义）- 单词：accord（符合；一致）- 用法：有时主语形式上是单数，但意义上是复数，谓语动词要用复数形式；反之，主语形式上是复数，但意义上是单数，谓语动词要用单数形式。
- 例句：- The team were divided in their opinions. （这个团队意见有分歧。
Subject-and-verb-agreement--主谓一致教学提纲
S u b j e c t-a n d-v e r b-a g r e e m e n t--主谓一致Sunday, February 27, 2011 at 8 PMET/5 PM PT on ABCHosted by:James FrancoandAnne HathawayThe Oscars honor outstanding work in the film industry, and are presented by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. The ceremony this year took place at the Kodak Theater in Hollywood. Subject and Verb Agreement 主谓一致（基本规则）主语和谓语在“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系, 通常依据三个原则: 语法一致, 意义一致, 就近一致。
具体规则有：1.由and连接的两个n./ pron.作主语时, 接复数谓语.但(1) and表“兼”时(实为一人), 接单v. The teacher and writer is sitting in the front.(2) every/each/no/many a + n. + and + every/each/no/many a + n., 接单v.2. each/every + n./somebody/nothing/everything/anyone + 单v3.主语后接“with …/together with…/along with …/as wellas…/but …/except …/besides … /including …/like …/rather than …/more than …/ as much as …/no less than …”时, 谓语与主语中心词一致.4.永是复数的名词people/police/cattle, 接复v.5.集体名词, 看作一个单位/组织/整体时, 接单v.; 指成员们时, 接复v. (如family / class / group / team / government / enemy)population指“人口数”这一整体时，接单谓；指人口成员情况时，接复谓。
Subject-verb Concord
3.Principle of Proximity(就近原则)
• 有时，谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最 靠近它的词语的单、复数形式，这就是就近原 则。eg: Either my brothers or my father is coming. No one except his own supporters agree with him.
3.以-s结尾的地理名称
• 某些以-s结尾的地理名称，如果是国名，如the United States, the United Nations, the Netherlands等，尽管带有 复数词尾，但系单一政治实体，故作单数用。eg: The United States is a country of people with varied origins. 但若不是国名，而是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等，通 常作复数。eg: The West Indies, apart from the Bahamas, are commonly divided into two parts.
又有一些作不可数名词 的集体名词，如foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise, 通常作不可数名词用， eg： The merchandise has arrived undamaged.
3.既可作单数又可做复数的集体名词
还有一些集体名词，如audience, committee, family, public, government, group等，既可作 单数又可作复数。这就要看该词在句中的指代 意义了。eg: That group of soldiers __ a top-notch fighting is unit. (is/are) have That group of soldiers ___the best ratings of individual performance.(have/has)
chapter2 The Parts of a Sentences
Let’s Practice!
Three monkeys played in the tree.
WHO? Three monkeys SUBJECT
WHAT DID THEY DO? PREDICATE played in the tree.
Can you find the subject in each sentence below? 1. My little brother broke his finger. 2. His Uncle Bob asked for directions. 3. Those soldiers carried guns. 4. Our babysitter arrived late.
For example: Jane likes swimming very much. The sentence is about ―Jane‖, and ―likes swimming very much‖ tells us something about Jane. The furniture is expensive.
1. Subject and predicate
Every complete sentence contains two parts: a subject and a predicate. Subject —— what (or whom) the sentence is about Predicate —— tells something about the subject. (p34)
Unit 2
The Parts of a Sentence
Grammatical hierarchy:
sentence clause phrase word morpheme
高中英语Unit 2 The universal Grammar and usage1
Everyone enjoyed listening to his music and thought highly of his techniques.
2. Why did Boya never get tired of sharing his music with Zhong Ziqi?
Verb-ing forms as objects
Below is a story about a musician and his friend in ancient China. Find the sentences that use verb-ing forms as objects and fill in the table below. The first one has been done for you.
Practice
Verb-ing forms as subjects
Translate: ① 后悔没有用。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. ② 和他争论是没有好处的。 It is no good arguing with him.
Exploring the rules
Working out the rules Verb-ing forms as subjects
In the following cases, verb-ing forms as real subjects: ① It is no use doing sth ② It is no good doing sth
Because Zhong Ziqi was the only person that really understood his music.
河南省人教版高中英语教材基本框架(M1-M9)
directions
Word formation
Unit1
Great sientists
How to organize Talking about scientific research scientific jobs
The Past Participle(1) as the Attribute and
Unit5
The qualities of Nelson great person Mandela-a modern
hero The lives of some great people
Asking opinions
Giving opinions
The Attributive Clause2(wher e,when,why,p rep.+which/w hom)
Unit1
Great sientists
Contributions of scientists
The Past
Participle(1)
Describing as the
people(appeara Attribute and
nce,
Predicative
charactersitics
and qualities)
communication
Prohibition and warning Obligation
The -ing form as the Attribute and Adverbial
Unit5
Asking the way
Theme parks
Different types of
theme park
Giving
gravity
五种基本句型的英文作文
五种基本句型的英文作文英文回答：1. Subject + Verb (Subject-Verb)。
The subject-verb sentence type is the most basic and simplest form of a sentence. It consists of a subject and a verb. The subject is the person, place, thing, or idea that is performing the action, while the verb is the action that is being performed. For example:The boy runs.The car drives.The cat sleeps.2. Subject + Verb + Object (Subject-Verb-Object)。
The subject-verb-object sentence type is similar to thesubject-verb sentence type, but it includes an additional element: the object. The object is the person, place, thing, or idea that is receiving the action of the verb. For example:The boy kicks the ball.The car hits the wall.The cat eats the mouse.3. Subject + Verb + Complement (Subject-Verb-Complement)。
The subject-verb-complement sentence type is similar to the subject-verb sentence type, but it includes anadditional element: the complement. The complement is aword or phrase that provides additional information about the subject or verb. For example:The boy is happy.The car is red.The cat is sleepy.4. Subject + Verb + Object + Complement (Subject-Verb-Object-Complement)。
七年级上册英语第二单元b部分笔记
Unit 2 B Notes:。
1. Introduction: In this section, you will learn about the present continuous tense and how to use it in various scenarios.2. Present Continuous Tense: The present continuous tense is used to describe an action that is currently happening or is in progress at the time of speaking. It is formed by using the verb ‘to be’ + present participle (-ing). Examples: I am walking,he is talking, they are playing.3. Basic Structure: Subject + to be + present participle (-ing) Example: You are studying English.4. Use of Present Continuous Tense: The present continuous tense is used to describe actions happening at the moment, temporary actions, and future plans. Examples: She is eating now,I am learning Spanish, We are going to the park tomorrow.5. Adverbs of Frequency: The adverbs of frequency are usedto describe how often an action is done. Examples: always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never. They are usuallyplaced before the main verb. Example: I always eat breakfast.6. Time Expressions: Time expressions are used to describe when an action is happening. Examples: now, right now, at the moment, currently, today, this week/month/year. They are usually placed at the beginning or end of the sentence. Example: I am studying right now.7. Negatives: To make a negative sentence in the present continuous tense, use the auxiliary verb ‘not’ after the subject. Example: He is not listening.8. Questions: To make a question in the present continuous tense, invert the subject and auxiliary ve rb ‘to be’. Example: Are you studying English?9. Short Answers: Short answers are used to reply to questions in the present continuous tense. Example: Are you studying English? Yes, I am.10. Conclusion: The present continuous tense is an important verb tense to describe actions in progress at the time of speaking. It is important to use adverbs of frequency and time expressions to correctly convey the meaning of the sentence.。
主谓一致 subject-verb agreement (review) 2
• Subjects and verbs must agree in number.
The dog growls when he is angry.
The dogs growl when they are angry.
• Don’t get confused by the words that come between the subject and verb; they do not affect agreement.
• If the subjects are both plural and are connected by the words or, nor, neither/or, either/or, and not only/but also, the verb is plural.
Dogs and cats are both available at the pound.
• The verb is singular if the two subjects separated by and refer to the same person or thing.
Red beans and rice is my mom’s favorite dish.
• If one of the words each, every, or no comes before the subject, the verb is singular.
No smoking or drinking is allowed.
Every man and woman is required to check in.
• If the subjects are both singular and are connected by the words or, nor, neither/nor, either/or, and only/but also the verb is singular.
主谓一致思维导图
主谓一致思维导图Subject-XXXSubject-verb agreement refers to the fact that the subject and verb in a XXX in person and number。
If the subject is singular or uncountable。
the verb should be in singular form。
If the subject is plural。
the verb should be in plural form。
It is important to analyze whether the subject is singular or plural。
XXX uncountable。
before deciding on the form of the verb.Examples:XXX is new。
(uncountable subject。
singular verb)The trousers are too long。
(plural subject。
plural verb)Means of XXX(uncountable subject。
plural verb)Proximity AgreementProximity agreement refers to using the noun closest to the verb as a reference for the person and number of the verb。
This is especially XXX.XXX:The family is going on XXX(singular verb because "family" is the closest noun to the verb)Special CasesThere are some special cases where subject-verb agreement rules may not apply strictly.Police is XXX(uncountable subject。
英语语法规则
6 Common English Grammar Rules YouNeed to KnowEnglish grammar may seem tricky and overwhelming, but mastering it is essential for effective communication skills. Here are six common English grammar rules that you need to know:1. Use of Articles:Use 'a' before a word that starts with a consonant sound and 'an' before a word that starts with a vowel sound. For example, 'a car' and 'an umbrella.'2. Subject-Verb Agreement:The subject and the verb in a sentence should agree in number (singular or plural). For instance, 'The cat is sleeping' (singular) and 'The cats are sleeping' (plural).3. Prepositions:Prepositions show the relationship between two words in a sentence. Examples include 'at,' 'in,' 'on,' 'to,' 'about,' and 'by.'4. Tense:The tense of a verb refers to the time at which an action takes place. The main tenses are present, past, and future. Examples include 'I am eating' (present) and 'I ate' (past).5. Pronouns:Pronouns are used in place of a noun and include words like 'he,' 'she,' 'we,' and 'they.' For example, 'She is walking to the store' instead of 'Sarah is walking to the store.'6. Capitalization and Punctuation:Always capitalize the first letter of the first word in a sentence and proper nouns. Use appropriate punctuation marks such as periods, commas, and question marks.By mastering these basic English grammar rules, you can improve your writing and communication skills. Practice regularly and don't be afraid to make mistakes - they are a crucial part of the learning process.。
主谓一致原则归纳(Subject-Verb
主谓一致原则归纳(Subject-Verb1. and连结的两个单数名词,短语或句子作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式. 例句: ： My mother and I have seen the film.What he said and what he did were always different.Rice and wheat are grown in this part of China.Note:(1) 由and连接的主语前分别有each, every, no, many a等修饰语时（后面的一个有时也可省略）, 谓语动词用单数形式。
例句： Every man and every woman is busy at working.每个人都在忙着工作。
(2)and连接的在意义上表示同一人或物或由两个部件配成的物品时,谓语动词用单数形式. 例句: The worker and writer has written a new novel. (两个名词共用一个冠词)The novelist and the poet are going to Europe next year.One more knife and fork is needed.还需要一副刀叉.War and peace is a constant theme in history.战争与和平是历史上一个永恒的主题 2. each，every, one, either, (a) little, much, no等词作主语或修饰主语时；不定代词somebody，nobody，everything，anything, no one, each, the other等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
例句：No sound and no voice is heard.一点声音都没有。
Somebody is waiting for you at the school gate.有人在学校门口等你。
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? 2. Every girl ______ on time. A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming
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? 3. Much effort ______ wasted. A. is B. are C. were D. be
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2). Notional concord (意义一致) Definition It refers to the rule that the verb can sometimes agree with the subject according to the notion of number rather than to the actual presence of the grammatical marker for the notion.
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1. The Canterbury Tales _____ written by Chaucer. ? A. has been B. were C. was D. had been
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Why???
If the nouns ending in –s are the names of a book, or newspapers, or the names of a country, the verb is usually in singular form.
9). Subject-verb concord with a nonfinite clause as subject
10. Subject-verb concord in cleft
sentences
Subject-verb concord is meant agreement between subject and predicate verb in number.
Subject – verb concord
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1. Guiding principles
grammatical concord notional concord
proximity(就近原则 就近原则). 就近原则
1). Grammatical concord Definition It refers to the verb must match its subject in number.
having two numbers as subject
3). Problems of concord with nouns
ending in –s.
4). Problems of concord with expressions of
quantity as subject
5). Problems of concord with a coordinate
2). Problems of concord with nouns having two numbers as subject
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1. Every means ___tried but without much result. ? A. has been B. have been C. are D. is
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More similar words?
sheep, Chinese, deer, means, barracks(营房), headquarters(总部), series, species, works(工厂) etc.
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3). Problems of concord with nouns ending in -s
Examples
1. Fifteen miles _____ like a long walk to me. ? A. seem B. seems
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2. The committee ______ to make its decision tomorrow. ? A. is B. are
பைடு நூலகம்
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3. The committee ______ divided in opinion about this problem ? A. is B. are
3. The Smiths ____ their breakfast when the morning post came. ? A. had B. has been having C. are having D. √ were having
Why?
The +表示姓氏的专有 名词＋s，表示一家人 时作主语，谓语动词用 复数。
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3). Proximity Definition The principle of proximity denotes agreement of the verb with a closely preceding noun phrase in preference to agreement with the head of the noun phrase that function as subject.
Unit 2 The Subject and Subject – verb concord
2.1 The form choices of the subject
Noun, pronoun, noun phrase, subject clause, gerund, infinitive…
e.g. Jack murdered Joan with a gun. He murdered her with a gun. The reckless guy murdered Joan with a gun. When Jack murdered Joan remains unknown. Learning English grammar is by no means easy. To leave or stay is a question hard to answer.
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The other words?
Police, people, militia, cattle, poultry, folk, vermin, etc
二、总是跟单数谓语动词连用的集合名词 1. The furniture in his room ____ worn out. A. have been B. was C. are D. were
subject
6). Problems of concord with a nominal
clause as subject
7). Subject-verb concord in existential
sentences
8). Subject –verb concord with the+
adj. as subject
?
Rickets
is / are caused by
malnutrition.
Compare a. The door could not be opened. b. Jack could not open the door.
The target of the action. The agent of the action.
2.3 The subject – verb concord
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2. The committee _____, and it has decided to dismiss him. A. were met B. have met C. has met D. was met
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Something else?
Army, audience, class, family, enemy, government, team, jury, party
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1. Either my brothers or my father ___ coming. A. is B. are C. am D. be
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2. Neither Julia nor I _____ going. A. is B. are C. am D. be
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1). Problems of concord with collective nouns as subject 一、总是跟复数谓语动词的集合名词 1. Cattle ___ in the fields. A. grazes B. is grazing C. was grazing D. are grazing
2. The Himalayas ____ to the south-west of China. ? A. lies B. lie C. lay D. lays
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geographical names ending in –s such as the names of archipelagos(群岛), mountain ranges, straits(海峡) and falls are generally used as plural.
1. Guiding principles 2. Something worth noticing
2. Something worth noticing 1). Problems of concord with collective
nouns as subject
2). Problems of concord with nouns
2.2 The meaning choices of the subject While the subject of the English sentence is variable in terms of its forms, it can also vary in its types s of meaning. 1) Jack murdered Joan with a gun. 2) Joan was murdered by Jack with a gun. 3) A gun killed Joan. 4) Cancer deprives many people of their lives. 5) The hall can seat 500 people for a conference.