Cambridge ielts 6 test4
剑桥雅思6阅读test4
Passage 1Question 1答案： v关键词：段落匹配题，暂无题干关键词定位原文: A段内容解题思路: A段将了一个医药公司销售代表去一个医疗中心展示自己最新样品的叙述，医生半开玩笑地问了一个问题是what do you have?对照list，应该是v，一个事例的单纯叙述。
Question 2答案：vi关键词：段落匹配题，暂无题干关键词定位原文: B段内容解题思路: B段讲述了药品推销代表Schaefer的推销礼品预算，因此答案应为选项vi。
Question 3答案：iii关键词：段落匹配题，暂无题干关键词定位原文: C段最后两句解题思路: 原文说……商业不会采取没有效用的策略，那么医生是否应该为药品销售的过度铺张受到谴责呢?抑或是划定界限的责任应该由制药行业承担?前面还说到一个类似的比喻，是先有鸡还是先有蛋的问题。
说明是一个争执型的问题，对应选项iii“谁该为不断增加的推销负责?”Question 4答案： ix关键词：段落匹配题，暂无题干关键词定位原文: D段内容，第2句“Salespeople provide…”解题思路: 第2句说销售人员向医师提供急需的信息和教育。
很多情况下，光洁的小册子、打印的文章和处方是销售人员向健康护理人员提供的主要资源。
对应选项ix“药品推销的积极面”。
Question 5答案：i关键词：段落匹配题，暂无题干关键词定位原文: E段最后4句内容解题思路: 最后4句话说这些钱花得有意义吗?这一点很难说。
“我一直接受一家公司的髙尔夫球，我也使用这些球，但是这并不意味着我会在处方中开这家公司的药品”，一名医生这样说，“我更倾向于认为自己并没有受到他们给我提供的物品的影响。
”对应选项i“并不是所有的医生都被药品推销打动”。
Question 6答案：vii关键词：段落匹配题，暂无题干关键词定位原文：F段第3句“Though few…”解题思路: 定位局说虽然在这方面很少有综合研究，但是华盛顿大学的一项研究调查了药品试用品的可获取性是如何影响医生开处方的。
剑桥雅思6口语test4解析
Part1Part2Describe an important choice you had to make in your life. You should say:when you had to make this choicewhat you had to choose betweenwhether you made a good choiceand explain how you felt when you were making this choice.You will have to talk about the topic for one to two minutes.You have one minute to think about what you are going to say.You can make some notes to help you if you wish.口语范文：Let me see...some time ago，I had to decide whether or not to move from the city I lived in to go to another city to study.This wouldn’t have been a very hard decision, because I wasn’t really happy about where I was living; I didn’t feel like my life was going anywhere, and I needed a change. It wouldn’t have been a hard decision, except for the fact that I’d be leaving my boyfriend. We’d been together for almost a year, and were extremely close. It’s always been difficult for me to make decisions, and I procrastinated a long time before making this one; I felt confused, unhappy, and so very tired. I knew that if I stayed with him I probably would have been very happy…but who knows for how long, right? So I decided to move to a different city.Even though it was hard at first, and I was very lonely, I think that I’ve learned a lot, made a lot of progress, and my character has changed and developed for the better. I don’t re, et making this choice, although I still miss my boyfriend and sometimes I wonder what life might have been like, if we were still together.Part3。
剑桥雅思6听力第一套试题Section4(可编辑修改word版)
剑桥雅思6-第一套试题-听力部分-Section 4SECTION 4 Questions 31-40Questions 31-37Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.Social history of the East End of LondonQuestions 38-40Choose THREE letters, A-G.Which THREE of the following problems are mentioned in connection with 20th century housing in the East End?A unsympathetic landlordsB unclean waterC heating problemsD h igh rentsE overcrowdingF poor standards of buildingG houses catching fire场景：伦敦东部历史的讲座本文介绍了伦敦东部的历史，讲述了公元1 世纪被罗马帝国侵占的伦敦，到中世纪时期被盎格鲁-撒克逊人(现今德国、丹麦一带)占领，以至16 世纪至今在当地发生的一切变化。
2003 年在英国出现过一部热门电视剧East Enders，描述的就是这一地区普通居民的生活现状。
这一地区从历史上就是普通工人阶层的聚集地，生活质量相对较差，所以在英国也是社会热点关注。
本节必备词汇、词组East End 伦敦东部eventually adv.最终地head v.朝……走去economically adv.经济地livestock n.家畜alternative n.选择feed v.喂养marshland n.沼泽invasion n.侵略drained adj.已排水的tribe n.部落port n.港口leather n.皮革，皮革制品poverty n.贫困conquer 征服，克服suffer v.折磨prosperous adj.繁荣的，兴旺的appalling adj.令人毛悚然的restriction n.限制sanitary adj.卫生的newcomer n.新来的人tenant n.佃户，房客merchant n.商人landlord n.房主，房东money-lender n.借款人，债主electricity n.电dock n.船坞implication n.含意，暗指construct v.建造，建设nutrition n.营养词汇拓展lifestyle n.生活方式primarily adv.基本地，最初地industry n.工业，产业particular adj.特别的cattlen.牲畜retire v.退休coastline n.海岸线vital adj.致命的，重要的downside n.劣势，坏处cultivate v.培养afford v.负担得起nourishing adj.有营养的文本及疑难解析1.Back in the first to the fourth centuries AD, when the Romans controlled England, London grew into a town of 45,000 people, and what's now the East End—the area by the river Thames, and along the road heading north-east London to the coast—consisted of farmland with crops and livestock which helped to feed that population.公元1 世纪至公元4 世纪，当罗马帝国统治英格兰时，伦敦发展成了一个拥有4 万5 千人的城镇，也就是现今的伦敦东区。
剑桥雅思真题6-阅读Test 4(附答案)
剑桥雅思真题6-阅读Test 4（附答案）Reading Passage 1You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 1-13 which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Doctoring salesPharmaceuticals is one of the most profitable industries in North America. But do the drugs industry’s sales and marketing strategies go too far?A A few months ago Kim Schaefer, sales representative of a major global pharmaceutical company, walked into a medical center in New York to bring information and free samples of her company’s latest products. That day she was lucky - a doctor was available to see her. 'The last rep offered me a trip to Florida. What do you have?’ the physician asked. He was only half Joking.B What was on offer that day was a pair of tickets for a New York musical. But on any given day, what Schaefer can offer Is typical for today's drugs rep - a car trunk Full of promotional gifts and gadgets, a budget that could buy lunches and dinners for a small country, hundreds of free drug samples and the freedom to give a physician $200 to prescribe her new product to the next six patients who fit the drug's profile. And she also has a few $ 1,000 honoraria to offer in exchange for doctors' attendance at her company's next educational lecture.C Selling pharmaceuticals is a daily exercise in ethical Judgment. Salespeople like Schaefer walk the line between the common practice of buying a prospect’s time with a free meal, and bribing doctors to prescribe their drugs. They work In an industry highly criticized for Its sales and marketing practices, but find themselves in the middle of the age-old chicken-or-egg question-businesses won't use strategies that don’t work, so are doctors to blame for the escalating extravagance of pharmaceutical marketing? Or is it the industry's responsibility to decide the boundaries?D The explosion in the sheer number of salespeople in the field-and the amount of funding used to promote their causes - forces close examination of the pressures, influences and relationships between drug reps and doctors. Salespeople provide much-needed Information and education to physicians. In many cases the glossy brochures, article reprints and prescriptions they deliver are primary sources of drug education for healthcare givers. With the huge investment the industry has placed in face-to-face selling, salespeople have essentially become specialists in one drug or group of drugs-a tremendous advantage in getting the attention of busy doctors in need of quick Information.E But the sales push rarely stops in the office. The flashy brochures and pamphlets left by the sales reps are often followed up with meals at expensive restaurants, meetings in warm and sunny places, and an inundation of promotional gadgets. Rarely do patients watch a doctor write with a pen that isn’t emblazoned with a drug's name, or see a nurse use a tablet not bearing a pharmaceutical company's logo. Millions of dollars are spent by pharmaceutical companies on promotional products like coffee mugs, shirts, umbrellas, and golf balls. Money well spent? It’s hard to tell. 'I've been the recipient of golf balls from one company and I use them, but it doesn’t make me prescribe their medicine’, says one doctor, 'I tend to think I’m not influenced by whatthey give me.'F Free samples of new and expensive drugs might be the single most effective way of getting doctors and patients to become loyal to a product. Salespeople hand out hundreds of dollars’ worth of samples each week- $7.2 billion worth of them in one year. Though few comprehensive studies have been conducted, one by the University of Washington Investigated how drug sample availability affected what physicians prescribe. A total of 131 doctors self-reported their prescribing patterns - the conclusion was that the availability of samples led them to dispense and prescribe drugs that differed from their preferred drug choice.G The bottom line is that pharmaceutical companies as a whole invest more in marketing than they do in research and development. And patients are the ones who pay-in the form of sky-rocketing prescription prices - for every pen that's handed out, every free theatre ticket, and every steak dinner eaten. In the end the fact remains that pharmaceutical companies have every right to make a profit and will continue to find new ways to Increase sales. But as the medical world continues to grapple with what's acceptable and what’s not, it is clear that companies must continue to be heavily scrutinized for their sales and marketing strategies.Question 1-7Reading Passage 3 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Choose the correct heading for paragraphs from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-x, in boxes 1 - 7 on your answer sheet.1 Paragraph A2 Paragraph B3 Paragraph C4 Paragraph D5 Paragraph E6 Paragraph F7 Paragraph GQuestion 8-13Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the informationNO if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage8. Sales representatives like Kim Schaefer work to a very limited budget.9. Kim Schaefer's marketing technique may be open to criticism on moral grounds.10. The information provided by drug companies is of little use to doctors.11. Evidence of drug promotion is clearly visible in the healthcare environment.12. The drug companies may give free drug samples to patients without doctors’ prescriptions.13. It is legitimate for drug companies to make money.Reading Passage 2You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Do literate women make better mothers?Children in developing countries are healthier and more likely to survive past the age of five when their mothers can read and write. Experts in public health accepted this idea decades ago, but until now no one has been able to show that a woman's ability to read in itself improves her children's chances of survival.Most literate women learnt to read in primary school, and the fact that a woman has had an education may simply indicate her family's wealth or that it values its children more highly. Now a long-term study carried out in Nicaragua has eliminated these factors by showing that teaching reading to poor adult women, who would otherwise have remained illiterate, has a direct effect on their children's health and survival. In 1979, the government of Nicaragua established a number of social programmes, including A National Literacy Crusade. By 1985, about 300,000 illiterate adults from all over the Country, many of whom had never attended primary school, had learnt how to read, write and use numbers.During this period, researchers from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, the Central American Institute of Health in Nicaragua, the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua and the Costa Rican Institute of Health interviewed nearly 3,000 women: some of whom had learn to read as children, some during the literacy crusade and some who had never learnt at all. The women were asked how many children they had given birth to and how many of them had died ininfancy. The research teams also examined the surviving children to find out how well-nourished they were.The investigators' findings were striking. In the late 1970s, the infant mortality rate for the children of illiterate mothers was around 110 deaths per thousand live births. At this point in their lives, those mothers who later went on to learn to read had a similar level of child mortality (105/1000). For women educated in primary school, however, the infant mortality rate was significantly lower, at 80 per thousand.In 1985, after the National Literacy Crusade had ended, the infant mortality figures for those who remained illiterate and for those educated in primary school remained more or less unchanged. For those women who learnt to read through the campaign, the infant mortality rate was 84 per thousand, an impressive 21 points lower than for those women who were still illiterate. The children of the newly-literate mothers were also better nourished than those of women who could not read.Why are the children of literate mothers better off? According to Peter Sandiford of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, no one knows for certain. Child health was not on the curriculum during the women's lessons, so he and his colleagues are looking at other factors. They are working with the same group of 3,000 women, to try to find out whether reading mothers make better use of hospitals and clinics, opt for smaller families, exert more control at home, learn modern childcare techniques more quickly, or whether they merely have more respect for themselves and their children.The Nicaraguan study may have important implications for governments and aid agencies that need to know where to direct their resources. Sandiford says that there is increasing evidence that female education, at any age, is 'an important health intervention in its own right'. The results of the study lend support to the World Bank's recommendation that education budgets in developing countries should be increased, not just to help their economies, but also to improve child health. 'We've known for a long time that maternal education is important,' says John Cleland of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine，'But we thought that even if we started educating girls today, we'd have to wait a generation for the pay-off. The Nicaraguan study suggests we may be able to bypass that.'Cleland warns that the Nicaraguan crusade was special in many ways, and similar campaigns elsewhere might not work as well. It is notoriously difficult to teach adults skills that do not have an immediate impact on their everyday lives, and many literacy campaigns in other countries have been much less successful. 'The crusade was part of a larger effort to bring a better life to the people,' says Cleland. Replicating these conditions in other countries will be a major challenge for development workers.Question 14-18Complete the summary using the list of words, A-J, below.Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheetNB You may use any letter more than onceThe Nicaraguan National Literacy Crusade aimed to teach large numbers of illiterate14 …………to read and write. Public health experts have known for many years that there is a connection between child health and 15 ………… . However, it has not previously been known whether these two factors were directly linked or not. This question has been investigated by 16 ………… in Nicaragua. As a result, factors such as 17 ………… and attitude to children have been eliminated, and it has been shown that 18 ………… can in itself improve infant health and survival.Question 19-24Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 19-24 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the informationNO if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this in the passage19. About a thousand of the women interviewed by the researchers had learnt to read when they were children.20. Before the National Literacy Crusade, illiterate women had approximately the same levels of infant mortality as those who had learnt to read in primary school.21. Before and after the National Literacy Crusade, the child mortality rate for the illiterate women stayed at about 110 deaths for each thousand live births.22. The women who had learnt to read through the National Literacy Crusade showed the greatest change in infant mortality levels.23. The women who had learnt to read through the National Literacy Crusade had the lowest rates of child mortality.24. After the National Literacy Crusade, the children of the women who remained illiterate were found to be severely malnourished.Question 25-26Choose TWO letters, A-E.Write the correct letters in boxes 25 and 26 on your answer sheet.Which TWO important implications drawn from the Nicaraguan study are mentioned by the writer of the passage?A. It is better to educate mature women than young girls.B. Similar campaigns in other countries would be equally successful.C. The effects of maternal literacy programmes can be seen very quickly.D. Improving child health can quickly affect a country's economy.E. Money spent on female education will improve child health.Reading Passage 3You should spend about 20 minutes on QUESTIONS 27-40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Persistent bullying is one of the worst experiences a child can face. How can it be prevented? Peter Smith, Professor of Psychology at the University of Sheffield, directed the Sheffield Anti-Bullying Intervention Project, funded by the Department for Education. Here hereports on his findings.A Bullying can take a variety of forms, from the verbal - being taunted or called hurtful names -to the physical - being kicked or shoved - as well as indirect forms, such as being excluded from social groups. A survey I conducted with Irene Whitney found that in British primary schools up to a quarter of pupils reported experience of bullying, which in about one in ten cases was persistent. There was less bullying in secondary schools, with about one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying, but these cases may be particularly recalcitrant.B Bullying is clearly unpleasant, and can make the child experiencing it feel unworthy and depressed. In extreme cases it can even lead to suicide, though this is thankfully rare. Victimised pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults, while children who persistently bully are more likely to grow up to be physically violent, and convicted of anti-social offences.C Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers to deal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem. There is no bullying at this school has been a common refrain, almost certainly untrue. Fortunately more schools are now saying: There is not much bullying here, but when it occurs we have a clear policy for dealing with it.D Three factors are involved in this change. First is an awareness of the severity of the problem. Second, a number of resources to help tackle bullying have become available in Britain. For example, the Scottish Council for Research in Education produced a package of materials, Action Against Bullying, circulated to all schools in England and Wales as well as in Scotland in summer 1992, with a second pack, Supporting Schools Against Bullying, produced the following year. In Ireland, Guidelines on Countering Bullying Behaviour in Post-Primary Schools was published in 1993. Third, there is evidence that these materials work, and that schools can achieve something. This comes from carefully conducted before and after evaluations of interventions in schools, monitored by a research team. In Norway, after an intervention campaign was introduced nationally, an evaluation of forty-two schools suggested that, over a two-year period, bullying was halved. The Sheffield investigation, which involved sixteen primary schools and seven secondary schools, found that most schools succeeded in reducing bullying.E Evidence suggests that a key step is to develop a policy on bullying, saying clearly what is meant by bullying, and giving explicit guidelines on what will be done if it occurs, what records will be kept, who will be informed, what sanctions will be employed. The policy should be developed through consultation, over a period of time - not just imposed from the head teachersoffice! Pupils, parents and staff should feel they have been involved in the policy, which needs to be disseminated and implemented effectively.Other actions can be taken to back up the policy. There are ways of dealing with the topic through the curriculum, using video, drama and literature. These are useful for raising awareness, and can best be tied in to early phases of development, while the school is starting to discuss the issue of bullying. They are also useful in renewing the policy for new pupils, or revising it in the light of experience. But curriculum work alone may only have short-term effects; it should be an addition to policy work, not a substitute.There are also ways of working with individual pupils, or in small groups. Assertiveness training for pupils who are liable to be victims is worthwhile, and certain approaches to group bullying such as no blame, can be useful in changing the behaviour of bullying pupils without confronting them directly, although other sanctions may be needed for those who continue with persistent bullying.Work in the playground is important, too. One helpful step is to train lunchtime supervisors to distinguish bullying from playful fighting, and help them break up conflicts. Another possibility is to improve the playground environment, so that pupils are less likely to be led into bullying from boredom or frustration.F With these developments, schools can expect that at least the most serious kinds of bullying can largely be prevented. The more effort put in and the wider the whole school involvement, the more substantial the results are likely to be. The reduction in bullying -and the consequent improvement in pupil happiness - is surely a worthwhile objective.Questions 27-30Reading Passage 3 has six sections, A-F.Choose the correct heading for sections A-D from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.28 Section B29 Section C30 Section DQuestions 31-34Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 31-34 on your answer sheet.31 A recent survey found that in British secondary schoolsA there was more bullying than had previously been the case.B there was less bullying than in primary schools.C cases of persistent bullying were very common.D indirect forms of bullying were particularly difficult to deal with.32 Children who are bulliedA are twice as likely to commit suicide as the average person.B find it more difficult to relate to adults.C are less likely to be violent in later life.D may have difficulty forming relationships in later life.33 The writer thinks that the declaration There is no bullying at this schoolA is no longer true in many schools.B was not in fact made by many schools.C reflected the schools lack of concern.D reflected a lack of knowledge and resources.34 What were the findings of research carried out in Norway?A Bullying declined by 50% after an anti-bullying campaign.B Twenty-one schools reduced bullying as a result of an anti-bullying campaign.C Two years is the optimum length for an anti-bullying campaign.D Bullying is a less serious problem in Norway than in the UK.Questions 35-39Complete the summary below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 35-39 on your answer sheet.What steps should schools take to reduce bullying?The most important step is for the school authorities to produce a 35........ which makes the schools attitude towards bullying quite clear. It should include detailed 36........as to how the school and its staff will react if bullying occurs.In addition, action can be taken through the 37........This is particularly useful in the early part of the process, as a way of raising awareness and encouraging discussion. On its own, however, it is insufficient to bring about a permanent solution.Effective work can also be done with individual pupils and small groups. For example, potential 38….....of bullying can be trained to be more self-confident. Or again, in dealing with group bullying, a no blame approach, which avoids confronting the offender too directly, is often effective.Playground supervision will be more effective if members of staff are trained to recognise the difference between bullying and mere 39......... .Question 40Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.Which of the following is the most suitable title for Reading Passage 3?A Bullying: what parents can doB Bullying: are the media to blame?C Bullying: the link with academic failureD Bullying: from crisis management to prevention参考答案1 v2 vi3 iii4 ix5 i6 vii7 x8 NO9 YES10 NO11 YES12 NOT GIVEN13 YES14 B15 F16 C17 J18 F19 NOT GIVEN20 NO21 YES22 YES23 NO24 NOT GIVEN25 & 26 (In Either Order): C E27 iv28 vi29 v30 vii31 B32 D33 D34 A35 policy36 (explicit) guidelines37 (school) curriculum38 victims39 playful fighting40 D。
雅思考试(IELTS)试题test4-中大网校
雅思考试（IELTS）试题test4总分：10分及格：6分考试时间：120分LISTENINGSECTION 1 Questions 1-10(1)根据听到的内容，回答{TSE}题。
(2)正确答案是__________。
(3)正确答案是__________。
(4)正确答案是__________。
(5)正确答案是__________。
(6)正确答案是__________。
(7)正确答案是__________。
(8)正确答案是__________。
(9)正确答案是__________。
(10)正确答案是__________。
SECTION 2 Questions 11-13(1)根据听到的内容，回答{TSE}题。
(2)It has been decided that the overhead power lines will beA. AextendeB. BburieC. Crepaire(3)The expenses related to the power lines will be paid for byA. Athe counciB. Bthe power company。
C. Clocal businesseSECTION 2 Questions 14-20(1)根据听到的内容，回答{TSE}题。
(2)wider footpaths ...........(3)coloured road surface ...........(4)Rew sign .........(5)traffic lights ........(6)artwork ........(7)children’s playground ........SECTION 3 Questions 21-26(1)<A href="javascript:;"></A>(2)正确答案是__________。
剑桥真题4听力答案解析
剑桥真题4听力答案解析剑桥大学出版社的四套剑桥英语考试真题一直以来都备受英语学习者的关注。
其中，剑桥真题4是一份较为经典的听力考试材料。
本文将围绕这套真题中的听力部分展开解析，并提供详细答案和解释，帮助学习者更好地理解听力考试。
首先，让我们来聆听第一段对话。
这段对话的背景是关于出行方式的讨论。
女士询问男士是否对自行车有兴趣，男士表示自己对自行车修理没有什么经验。
问题是：What does the woman suggest about learning to ride a bicycle?（关于学习骑自行车，女士提出了什么建议？）正确答案是D. It is best to learn to ride a bicycle when you are young（最好在年轻时学习骑自行车）。
女士建议男士在年轻时学习骑自行车。
接下来是第二段对话，对话内容是关于一个新课程的讨论。
男士提到他希望参加这个课程，但是他要先搞清楚一些相关的信息。
问题是：What does the man want to find out about the course?（关于这门课程，男士想要找出什么信息？）正确答案是B. the schedule and location（课程的时间表和地点）。
男士想要了解课程的时间表和地点。
第三段对话是关于购买自行车的讨论。
男士建议女士应该买一个名牌自行车，因为它们质量好而且有售后服务。
问题是：Why doesthe man suggest getting a name-brand bicycle?（男士为什么建议买一个名牌自行车？）正确答案是C. They are better quality and have better service（它们质量好而且有更好的售后服务）。
男士建议购买名牌自行车是因为它们的质量好并且售后服务好。
第四段对话是关于健身计划的讨论。
女士说她不想去健身房，她更喜欢户外运动。
剑桥雅思真题6-写作(Test 4 附高分范文)
剑桥雅思真题6—写作（Test 4 附高分范文）Writing Task 1You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.The charts below give information about USA marriage and divorce rates between 1970 and 2000, and the marital status of adult Americans in two of the years.Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.Write at least 150 words.参考范文1：The two bar charts not only show the number of marriages and divorces in the USA between 1970 and 2000, but also illustrate the marital status of the Americans.According to the first bar chart, within the thirty years, the number of marriages was always larger than that of divorces. From 1970 to 1980, the number of marriages remained unchanged (2.5 million). But 1990 saw a decline. In the following decade, the trend continued, dropping to the nadir of 2 million. Noticeably, the highest divorce rate was in 1980, when about 1.4 million divorces attracted the attention. In comparison, 1970 witnessed only 1 million, equal to that in 2000. By contrast, 1990 saw 1.2million.The second bar chart indicates that in 1970 about 70% Americans married, but in 2000 the figure was 59%. The percentage of divorced and never married increased from 3% to 7% and 12% to 20% respectively.In sum, the marital status from 1970 to 2000 were complex.参考范文2：To begin with, in 1970 and 1980, there was equal number of marriages in USA, both being 2.5 million. However, divorces were as high as 1 million and 1.4 million respectively. The numbers of marriages for the year 1990 and 2000 were 2.3 million versus 2 million while divorces were 1.1 million versus 1 million. We also find that the year 1980 witnessed the greatest number of divorces and meanwhile, the number of divorces in 2000 drew even with that in 1970.Secondly, as we look at the other chart, we see that the percentages of those who were determined not to be in a marriage and those who chose to end their marriages by divorce in 2000 were both higher than figures in 1970. The two groups of figures are 20%:14% and 9%:3% respectively. In terms of the other two categories, namely, married and widowed, the figures for 1970 were higher than those for 2000 and they are 70%:60% and 8%:3% respectively.Thus, we have gained an insight into the attitudes of Americans towards marriage and their multifaceted statuses in the past decades of years.参考范文3：We are given two charts which show us a few sets of data about the marital status of the Americans between 1970 and 2000.The first chart compares the number of marriages and divorces in the United States of America between 1970 and 2000. We can see that data is given for each decade; the number of people who are getting married decreased slightly since 1980, as well as the divorces one. Nevertheless, divorces increased between 1970 and 1980.The second chart is more precise about the different marital status of the Americans between 1970 and 2000. The number of divorced people has risen more than the double during this two years, and the data for the never married people also increased significantly. However, less and less people are married, as the first chart showed us; the widowed American number is also decreasing.As a conclusion, we can say that the marital status background of the Americans has maybe known the greatest change it had ever seen. (Band 6.5)考官评语：The Task Achievement is the weak point in this answer. Some of the data is summarised but the points are not well-selected to convey the key trends shown in the charts. The main features of the first chart are not adequately presented and the overall conclusion does not summarise the main information. No figures are given to illustrate the points made。
剑桥雅思类大作文题目集合
C a m b r i d g e I E L T S 4 TEST 1:Compare the advantages and disadvantages of three of the following as media for communicating information. State which you consider to be is the most effective. Comics, books, radio, television, film, theatreCambridge IELTS 4TEST 2:Happiness is considered very important in life.Why is it difficult to define?What factors are important in achieving happiness?Cambridge IELTS 4TEST 3:Creative artists should always be given the freedom to express their own ideas (in words, pictures, music or film) in whichever way they wish. There should be government restrictions on what they do.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?Cambridge IELTS 4TEST 4:In many countries schools have severe problems with student behavior.What do you think are the causes of this?What solutions can you suggest?Cambridge IELTS 5TEST 1:Universities should accept equal numbers of male and female students in every subject.To what extent do you agree or disagree?Cambridge IELTS 5TEST 2:In some countries young people are encouraged to work or travel for a year between finishing high school and starting university studies.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages for young people who decide to do this. Cambridge IELTS 5TEST 3:Some people think that a sense of competition in children should be encouraged. Others believe that children who are taught to co-operate rather than compete become more useful adults.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Cambridge IELTS 5TEST 4:Research indicates that the characteristics we are born with have much more influence on our personality and development than any experiences we may have in our life.Which do you consider to be the major influence?Cambridge IELTS 6TEST 1:Today, the high sales of popular consumer goods reflect the power of advertising and not the real needs of society in which they are sold.To what extent do you agree or disagree?Cambridge IELTS 6TEST 2:Successful sports professionals can earn a great deal more money than people in other important professions.Some people think this is fully justified while others think it is unfair.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Cambridge IELTS 6TEST 3:Some people believe that visitors to other countries should follow local customs and behaviors. Others disagree and think that the host country should welcome cultural differences.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Cambridge IELTS 6TEST 4:Some people prefer to spend their lives doing the same things and avoiding change. Others, however, think that change is always a good thing.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Cambridge IELTS 7TEST 1:It is generally believed that some people are born with certain talents, for instancefor sport or music, and others are not. However, it is sometimes claimed that any child can be taught to become a good sports person or musician. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Cambridge IELTS 7TEST 2:Some people believe that there should be fixed punishments for each type of crime. Others, however, argue that the circumstances of an individual crime, and the motivation for committing it, should always be taken into account when deciding on the punishment. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Cambridge IELTS 7TEST 3:As most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual well-being. What factors contribute to job satisfaction? How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?Cambridge IELTS 7TEST 4:Some people think that universities should provide graduates with the knowledge and skills needed in the workplace. Others think that the true function of a university should be to give access to knowledge for its own sake, regardless of whether the course is useful to an employer. What, in your opinion, should be the main function of a university? Cambridge IELTS 8TEST 1:Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society. Others, however, believe that school is the place to learn this. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. Cambridge IELTS 8TEST 2:Nowadays the way many people interact with each other has changed because of technology. In what ways has technology affected the types of relationships people make? Has this become a positive or negative development?Cambridge IELTS 8TEST 3:Increasing the price of petrol is the best way to solve growing traffic and pollution problems. To what extent do you agree or disagree? What other measures do you think might be effective?Cambridge IELTS 8TEST 4:In some countries the average weight of people is increasing and their levels of health and fitness are decreasing. What do you think are the causes of these problems and what measures could be taken to solve them?Cambridge IELTS 9TEST 1:Some experts believe that it is better for children to begin learning a foreign language at primary school rather than secondary school.Do the advantages of this outweigh the disadvantages?Cambridge IELTS 9TEST 2:Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programmes (for example working for a charity, improving the neighborhood or teaching sports to younger children.).To what extent do you agree or disagree?Cambridge IELTS 9TEST 3:Some people say that the best way to improve public health is by increasing the number of sports facilities. Others, however, say that this would have little effect on public health and that other measures are required.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.Cambridge IELTS 9TEST 4:Every year several languages die out. Some people think that this is not important because life will be easier if there are fewer languages in the world.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?。
剑桥雅思6-T4-READING
READINGREADING PASSAGE 1You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage i on the following pages.Questions 1-7Reading Passage 1 has seven paragraphs, A-G.Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-x, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.1 Paragraph A2 Paragraph B3 Paragraph C4 Paragraph D5 Paragraph E6 Paragraph F7 Paragraph GList of Headingsi Not all doctors are persuadedii Choosing the best offersill Who is responsible for the increase in promotions?iv Fighting the drug companiesV An example of what doctors expect from drug companies vi Gifts include financial incentivesvii Research shows that promotion worksviii The high costs of researchix The positive side of drugs promotionX Who really pays for doctors' free gifts?Doctoring salesPharmaceuticals is one of the most profitable industries inNorth America. But do the drugs industry’s sales andmarketing strategies go too far?A A few months ago Kim Schaefer, sales representative of a major global pharmaceuticalcompany, walked into a medical center In New York to bring information and free samples of her company's latest products. That day she was lucky - a doctor was available to see her. 'The last rep offered me a trip to Florida. What do you have?' the physician asked. He was only half joking,B What was on offer that day was a pair of tickets for a New York musical. But on any given day,what Schaefer can offer is typical for today's drugs rep - a car trunk full of promotional gifts and gadgets, a budget that could buy lunches and dinners for a small country, hundreds of free drug samples and the freedom to give a physician $200 to prescribe her new product to the next six patients who fit the drug's profile. And she also has a few $ 1,000 honoraria to offer in exchange for doctors' attendance at her company's next educational lecture.C Selling pharmaceuticals Is a daily exercise In ethical judgement. Salespeople like Schaefer walkthe line between the common practice of buying a prospect's time with a free meal, and bribing doctors to prescribe their drugs. They work in an industry highly criticized for its sales and marketing practices, but find themselves in the middle of the age-old chicken-or-egg question - businesses won't use strategies that don't work, so are doctors to blame for the escalatingextravagance of pharmaceutical marketing? Or is it the Industry's responsibility to decide the boundaries?D The explosion in the sheer number of salespeople in the field - and the amount of funding used topromote their causes - forces close examination of the pressures, Influences and relationships between drug reps and doctors. Salespeople provide much-needed Information and education to physicians. In many cases the glossy brochures, article reprints and prescriptions they deliver are primary sources of drug education for healthcare givers. With the huge investment the industry has placed in face-to-face selling, salespeople have essentially become specialists in one drug or group of drugs - a tremendous advantage in getting the attention of busy doctors in need of quick information.E But the sales push rarely stops in the office. The flashy brochures and pamphlets left by the salesreps are often followed up with meals at expensive restaurants, meetings in warm and sunny places, and an inundation of promotional gadgets. Rarely do patients watch a doctor write with a pen that Isn't emblazoned with a drug's name, or see a nurse use a tablet not bearing apharmaceutical company's logo. Millions of dollars are spent by pharmaceutical companies on promotional products like coffee mugs, shirts, umbrellas, and golf balls. Money well spent? It's hard to tell, 'I've been the recipient of golf balls from one company and I use them, but It doesn't make me prescribe their medicine,' says one doctor. 'I tend to think I'm not influenced by what they give me.'F Free samples of new and expensive drugs might be the single most effective way of gettingdoctors and patients to become loyal to a product. Salespeople hand out hundreds of dollars' worth of samples each week - $7.2 billion worth of them In one year. Though fewcomprehensive studies have been conducted, one by the University of Washington Investigated how drug sample availability affected what physicians prescribe. A total of 131 doctorsself-reported their prescribing patterns - the conclusion was that the availability of samples led them to dispense and prescribe drugs that differed from their preferred drug choice.G The bottom line Is that pharmaceutical companies as a whole invest more In marketing than theydo in research and development. And patients are the ones who pay - in the form ofsky-rocketing prescription prices - for every pen that's handed out, every free theatre ticket, and every steak dinner eaten. In the end the fact remains that pharmaceutical companies have every right to make a profit and will continue to find new ways to Increase sales. But as the medical world continues to grapple with what's acceptable and what's not, It is clear that companies must continue to be heavily scrutinized for their sales and marketing strategies.Questions 8-13Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the views of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the views of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this8Sales representatives like Kim Schaefer's work to a very limited budget.9Kim Schacfcr's marketing technique may be open to criticism on moral grounds.10The information provided by drug companies is of little use to doctors.11Evidence of drug promotion is clearly visible in the healthcare environment.12The drug companies may give free drug samples to patients without doctors' prescriptions.13It is legitimate for drug companies to make money.READING PASSAGE 2You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Do literate women make better mothers?Children in developing countries are healthier and more likely to survive past the age of five when their mothers can read and write. Experts in public health accepted this idea decades ago, but until now no one has been able to show that a woman's ability to read in itself improves her children's chances of survival.Most literate women learnt to read in primary school, and the fact that a woman has had an education may simply indicate her family's wealth or that it values its children more highly. Now a long-term study carried out in Nicaragua has eliminated these factors by showing that teaching reading to poor adult women, who would otherwise have remained illiterate, has a direct effect on their children's health and survival.In 1979, the government of Nicaragua established a number of social programmes, including a National Literacy Crusade. By 1985, about 300,000 illiterate adults from all over the country, many of whom had never attended primary school, had learnt how to read, write and use numbers. During this period, researchers from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, the Central American Institute of Health in Nicaragua, the National Autonomous University of Nicaragua and the Costa Rican Institute of Health interviewed nearly 3,000 women, some of whom had learnt to read as children, some during the literacy crusade and some who had never learnt at all. The women were asked how many children they had given birth to and how many of them had died in infancy. The research teams also examined the surviving children to find out how well-nourished they were.The investigators' findings were striking. In the late 1970s, the infant mortality rate for the children of illiterate mothers was around 110 deaths per thousand live births. At this point in their lives, those mothers who later went on to learn to read had a similar level of child mortality (105/1000). For women educated in primary school, however, the infant mortality rate was significantly lower, at 80 per thousand.In 1985, after the National Literacy Crusade had ended, the infant mortality figures for those who remained illiterate and for those educated in primary school remained more or less unchanged. For those women who learnt to read through the campaign, the infant mortality rate was 84 per thousand, an impressive 21 points lower than for those women who were still illiterate. The children of the newly-literate mothers were also better nourished than those of women who could not read.Why are the children of literate mothers better off? According to Peter Sandiford of the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, no one knows for certain. Child health was not on the curriculum during the women's lessons, so he and his colleagues are looking at other factors. They are working with the same group of 3,000 women, to try to find out whether reading mothers make better use of hospitals and clinics, opt for smaller families, exert more control at home, learn modern childcare techniques more quickly, or whether they merely have more respect for themselves and their children.The Nicaraguan study may have important implications for governments and aid agencies that need to know where to direct their resources, Sandiford says that there is increasing evidence that female education, at any age, is 'an important health intervention in its own right'. The results of the study lend support to the World Bank's recommendation that education budgets in developing countries should be increased, not just to help their economies, but also to improve child health.'We've known for a long time that maternal education is important,' says John Cleland of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. 'But we thought that even if we started educating girls today, we'd have to wait a generation for the pay-off. The Nicaraguan study suggests we may be able to bypass that.'Cleland warns that the Nicaraguan crusade was special in many ways, and similar campaigns elsewhere might not work as well. It is notoriously difficult to teach adults skills that do not have an immediate impact on their everyday lives, and many literacy campaigns in other countries have been much less successful. 'The crusade was part of a larger effort to bring a better life to the people,' says Cleland. Replicating these conditions in other countries will be a major challenge for development workers.Questions 14-18Complete the summary using the list of words, A-J, below.Write the correct letter, A-J, in boxes 14-18 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.The Nicaraguan National Literacy Crusade aimed to teach large numbers of illiterate 14_______ to read and write. Public health experts have known for many years that there is a connection between child health and 15_______.However, it has not previously been known whether these two factors were directly linked or not. This question has been investigated by 16_______ in Nicaragua. As a result, factors such as 17_______ and attitudes to children have been eliminated, and it has been shown that 18_______ can in itself improve infant health and survival.A child literacyB men and womenC an international research teamD medical careE mortalityF maternal literacyG adults and children H paternal literacy I a National Literacy CrusadeJ family wealthQuestions 19-24Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 19-24 on your answer sheet, writeYES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writerNO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writerNOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this19About a thousand of the women interviewed by the researchers had learnt to read when they were children.20Before the National Literacy Crusade, illiterate women had approximately the same levels of infant mortality as those who had learnt to read in primary school.21Before and after the National Literacy Crusade, the child mortality rate for the illiterate women stayed at about 110 deaths for each thousand live births.22The women who had learnt to read through the National Literacy Crusade showed the greatest change in infant mortality levels.23The women who had learnt to read through the National Literacy Crusade had the lowest rates of child mortality.24After the National Literacy Crusade, the children of the women who remained illiterate were found to be severely malnourished.Questions 25 and 26Choose TWO letters, A-E.Write the correct letters in boxes 25 and 26 on your answer sheet.Which TWO important implications drawn from the Nicaraguan study arc mentioned by the writer of the passage?A It is better to educate mature women than young girls.B Similar campaigns in other countries would be equally successful.C The effects of maternal literacy programmes can be seen very quickly.D Improving child health can quickly affect a country's economy,E Money spent on female education wilt improve child health.READING PASSAGE 3You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages.Questions 27-30Reading Passage 3 has six sections, A-F.Choose the correct heading for sections A-D from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-vii, in boxes 27-30 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi.The role of video violenceii.The failure of government policyiii.Reasons for the increased rate of bullyingiv.Research into how common bullying is in British schoolsv.The reaction from schools to enquiries about bullyingvi.The effect of bullying on the children involvedvii.Developments that have led to a new approach by schools.27Section A28Section B29Section C30Section DPersistent bullying is one of the worst experiences a child can face. How can it be prevented? Peter Smith, Professor of Psychology at the University of Sheffield, directed the Sheffield Anti-Bullying Intervention Project, funded by the Deportment for Education.Here he reports on his findings.A Bullying can take a variety of forms, from the verbal - being taunted or called hurtful names - tothe physical - being kicked or shoved - as well as indirect forms, such as being excluded from social groups. A survey I conducted with Irene Whitney found that in British primary schools up to a quarter of pupils reported experience of bullying, which in about one in ten cases waspersistent. There was less bullying in secondary schools, with about one in twenty-five suffering persistent bullying, but these cases may be particularly recalcitrant.B Bullying is clearly unpleasant, and can make the child experiencing it feel unworthy anddepressed. In extreme cases it can even lead to suicide, though this is thankfully rare. Victimised pupils are more likely to experience difficulties with interpersonal relationships as adults, while children who persistently bully are more likely to grow up to be physically violent, andconvicted of anti-social offences.C Until recently, not much was known about the topic, and little help was available to teachers todeal with bullying. Perhaps as a consequence, schools would often deny the problem. 'There is no bullying at this school' has been a common refrain, almost certainly untrue. Fortunately more schools are now saying: 'There is not much bullying here, but when it occurs we have a clear policy for dealing with it,'D Three factors are involved in this change. First is an awareness of the severity of the problem.Second, a number of resources to help tackle bullying have become available in Britain. For example, the Scottish Council for Research in Education produced a package of materials,Action Against Bullying, circulated to all schools in England and Wales as well as In Scotland in summer 1992, with a second pack, Supporting Schools Against Bullying, produced thefollowing year. In Ireland, Guidelines on Countering Bullying Behaviour in Post-PrimarySchools was published in 1993. Third, there is evidence that these materials work, and that schools can achieve something. This comes from carefully conducted 'before and after'evaluations of interventions in schools, monitored by a research team. In Norway, after anintervention campaign was introduced nationally, an evaluation of forty-two schools suggested that, over a two-year period, bullying was halved. The Sheffield investigation, which involved sixteen primary schools and seven secondary schools, found that most schools succeeded in reducing bullying.E Evidence suggests that a key step is to develop a policy on bullying, saying clearly what is meantby bullying, and giving explicit guidelines on what will be done if it occurs, what records will be kept, who will be informed, what sanctions will be employed. The policy should be developed through consultation, over a period of time - not just imposed from the head teacher's office!Pupils, parents and staff should feel they have been involved in the policy, which needs to be disseminated and implemented effectively.Other actions can be taken to back up the policy. There are ways of dealing with the topic through the curriculum, using video, drama and literature. These are useful for raising awareness, and can best be tied in to early phases of development, while the school is starting to discuss the issue of bullying. They are also useful in renewing the policy for new pupils, or revising it in the light of experience. But curriculum work alone may only have short-term effects; it should be an addition to policy work, not a substitute.There are also ways of working with individual pupils, or in small groups. Assertiveness training for pupils who are liable to be victims is worthwhile, and certain approaches to group bullying such as 'no blame', can be useful in changing the behaviour of bullying pupils without confronting them directly, although other sanctions may be needed for those who continue with persistent bullying.Work in the playground is important, too. One helpful step is to train lunchtime supervisors to distinguish bullying from playful fighting, and help them break up conflicts. Anotherpossibility is to improve the playground environment, so that pupils are less likely to be led into bullying from boredom or frustration.F With these developments, schools can expect that at least the most serious kinds of bullying canlargely be prevented. The more effort put in and the wider the whole school involvement, the more substantial the results are likely to be. The reduction in bullying - and the consequentimprovement in pupil happiness - is surely a worthwhile objective.Questions 31-34Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in boxes 31-34 on your answer sheet.31 A recent survey found that in British secondary schoolsA there was more bullying than had previously been the case.B there was less bullying than in primary schools.C cases of persistent bullying were very common.D indirect forms of bullying were particularly difficult to deal with.32Children who are bulliedA arc twice as likely to commit suicide as the average person.B find it more difficult to relate to adults.C arc less likely to be violent in later life.D may have difficulty forming relationships in later life.33The writer thinks that the declaration 'There is no bullying at this school'A is no longer true in many schools.B was not in fact made by many schools.C reflected the school's lack of concern.D reflected a lack of knowledge and resources.34What were the findings of research carried out in Norway?A Bullying declined by 50% after an anti-bullying campaign.B Twenty-one schools reduced bullying as a result of an anti-bullying campaignC Two years is the optimum length for an anti-bullying campaign.D Bullying is a less serious problem in Norway than in the UK.Questions 35-39Complete the summary below.Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 35-39 on your answer sheet.What steps should schools take to reduce bullying?The most important step is for the school authorities to produce a 35__________ which makes the school's attitude towards bullying quite clear. It should include detailed 36__________ as to how the school and its staff will react if bullying occurs. In addition, action can be taken through the37__________. This is particularly useful in the early part of the process, as a way of raising awareness and encouraging discussion. On its own, however, it is insufficient to bring about a permanent solution. Effective work can also be done with individual pupils and small groups. For example, potential 38__________ of bullying can be trained to be more self-confident. Or again, in dealing with group bullying, a 'no blame' approach, which avoids confronting the offender too directly, is often effective. Playground supervision will be more effective if members of staff are trained to recognise the difference between bullying and mere 39__________.Question 40Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.Write the correct letter in box 40 on your answer sheet.Which of the following is the most suitable title for Reading Passage 3?A Bullying: what parents can doB Bullying: arc the media to blame?C Bullying: the link with academic failureD Bullying: from crisis management to prevention。
剑6阅读test4精讲
第一篇题型一•i Not all doctors are persuaded•ii Choosing the best offers•iii Who is responsible for the increase in promotions?•iv Fighting the drug companies•v An example of what doctors expect from drug companies•vi Gifts include financial incentives•vii Research shows that promotion works•viii The high costs of research•ix The positive side of drugs promotion•x Who really pays for doctors‟ free gifts?第一篇题型二•8 Sales representatives like Kim Schaefer work to a very limited budget.•9 Kim Schaefer‟s marketing technique may be open to criticism on moral grounds.•10 The information provided by drug companies is of little use to doctors.•11 Evidence of drug promotion is clearly visible in the healthcare environment.•12 The drug companies may give free drug samples to patients without doctors’ prescriptions.•13It is legitimate for drug companies to make money.B段•正数第一行“But on any given day, what Schaefer can offer is typical for today‟s drugs rep- a car trunk full of promotional gifts and gadgets, a budget that could buy lunches and dinner for a small country, hundreds of free drug samples and the freedom to give a physician $200 to prescribe her new product to the next six patients who fit the drug‟s profile ”，对应第八题。
环球雅思学校6分入学测试题(四级左右水平)
环球雅思学校入学测试题SAPMLE TESTReading Passage 1You should spend about 20 minutes on questions 1-13, which are based on reading passage 1 on the following pages.Questions 1-4This passage has 5 sections, A-E.Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of headings below.Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 1-4 on your answer sheet.List of Headingsi.Possible solutions put forwardii.Bullying hat is internet-basediii.The Mainstream communication among teensernment as problem solverv.Characteristics of internet that account for the severityvi.Research into how common cyber-bullying isvii.More viewers online, more hurts for the victimsviii.Disregard from institutions concernedix.Threats from disguised offendersExample AnswerParagraph A ii1.Paragraph B2.Paragraph C3.Paragraph D4.Paragraph EReading TaskCyber-bullying: Bullying in the Digital AgeOn October 6th, 2003, a 13 year-old teenager in Verment, America, died by suicide after excessive cyber-bullying on line from his classmates. His death led his father to lobby for laws to be passed to improve how schools address bullying and suicide prevention and his tragedy uncovered the devastation wrought by cyber-bullying.With development in technology, cyber bullying has become more and more prevalent. And it also brings about increasing challenges for parents and educators. This bullying in the digital age affects millions of children throughout the world each year.A.Cyber-bullying, a term only coined when Internet became more accessible and affordable for people, take various different forms from physical bullying, including sending threatening messages, displaying private messages and posting embarrassing video and photos online. “It’s school-yard bullying taken to the next level,” says Justin Patchin, a criminologist at the University of Wisconsin. Nearly three in four teens say they were bullied online at least once during a recent 12-month period, and only one in 10 reported cyber-bullying to parents or other adults, according to Jaana Juvonen, leader of a study in University of California. Another study by UK-based internet market research firm YouGov in 2006 found that cyber-bullying is even worse than physical bullying.B.Research into the causes and effects of cyber-bullying is still in its infancy. But it is becoming clear that nature of online communication determines exactly how severe the problem is. An unreal online environment encourages people to act aggressively, prompting them to do things they wouldn’t dare to try in real life. What’s more, the ability to reach more people, and the always-on culture of the internet, means that cyber-bullying can have an even more detrimental effect on the victim than conventional playground bullying.What theatens people is the sheer number of people who can view something hat is posed online. “Girls send their boyfriends photos of themselves and then hey get dumped and every boy within he year 12 groups has a copy,”says Susan Mclean, Senior Constable from Victoria Police in Australia, “they don’ understand that their words or images intended for a small audience can find an audience of millions.” It would be bad enough o be cyber-bullied by one kid and nobody else knew about it, but a video seen by hundreds or thousands of peers could be devastating.Another point is the high probability of being bullied online. “When I was a kid,playground bullying stopped when the bell rang and you went back inside or when you went home at the end of the day,”says John Carr, chair of the Children’s Charities’Coalition for Internet Safety in London.”But with cyber-bullying, it is 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. There is no escape.” While an adult could simply turn off the computer, that’s not really an option for today’s teen, who are dependent on the internet for communicating with heir peers. A 2007 Pew study found that 93 percent of Us teens use the internet and 61 percent go online daily.C.Anonymity can also amplify bullying’s negative effects on the victim. “The psychological ramifications of not knowing who’s attacking you can be maddening,”says Robin Kowalski, a psychologist at Clemson University in South Carolina.”The bully could be your best friend, a sibling, or half the school.”In a recent, as yet unpublished survey she carried out, nearly half of the children she interviewed didn’t know who their cyber-bully was.The lack of face-to face contact migh also tempt bullies to new levels of cruelty. On the playground, seeing the stress and pain of the victim face-to-face can act as an inhibitor to some degree; however, in cyberspace, where there is no visual contact, online offenders tend to go extreme. Kowalski claims the effect is unique to computer-mediated communication. “There is a distancing of the self and immediacy in response that we don’t have in any other form of communication,” she says.” On the computer, it’s like it’s not really you.”D.So what can be done” Led by Ruth Aylet of Herio-Watt University in Edinburh, Uk, a consortium of European researchers recently developed a role-playing software called FearNot!, which aims to get children to empathise with a victim of bullying and feel in sympathy during the process. After watching a short animation of a child being bulled either in the playground or online, the viewer is asked to help the victim by typing advice into the computer. The software will be tested in schools in the Uk and Germany later this year.Meanwhile, some governments have taken legislative actions. In January 2006, the US Congress passed a law making it a federal crime to”annoy, abuse, theaten or harass”another person over the internet. Approximately 36 states have enacted similar legislation. And in South Korea, the” internet real-name system”’ introduced last month, forces online portals and news websites to record the identities of people who post content and to disclose their contact details if someone wants to sue them for libel or infringement of privacy.However, it can be difficult to persuade people to take these laws seriously, and in the Us They only apply to over-18s. “Many jurisdictions don’t want o investigate orprosecute these cases,” says A1 Kush of Wired , an internet safety advocacy group based in Seattle, Washington. “They are short-staffed and busy pursuing what hey call “real crime.”E.However, it can be difficult to persuade people to take these laws seriously, and in the US they only apply to over-18s. “Many jurisdictions don’t want to investigate or prosecute these cases,” says A1 Kush of , an internet safety advocacy group based in Seattle, Washington. “They are short-staffed and busy pursuing what they call real crime.”Questions 5-8Look at the following statements and he list of people below.Match each statement with the correct person.Write the correct letter A-F in boxes 5-8 on your answer sheet.5.The probability of cyber-bullying was higher than that of schoolyard bullying.6.The victimized rarely reported to their adult supervisors.7.It is usually considered as minor offences instead of crimes.8.Bullies don’t use real names and identifications.A.Robin KowalskiB.AI KushC.John CarrD.Ruth AylettE.Susan McleanF.Jaana JuvonenQuestions 9-13Do the following statements agree with the information given in reading passage1? In boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet, writeTrue if the statement agrees with the informationFalse if the statement contradicts the informationNot Given if there is no information on this9.Technical advances have been a helper in making online bulling go rampant.10.Cyber-bullying was a continuation of playground bullying in school according oYouGov in 2006.11.To avoid online communication will protect teens from online harassment.12.A role-playing software was designed to identify those who are liable to bullyothers.13.Sometimes bullies are immune from criminal charges before reaching 18.Writing TaskYou should spend about 40 minutes on this task.Doing part-time jobs in college has become a hot topic for discussion. Some people say part-time jobs are useful for full-time students, because they can earn money and gain career experience. Others, however, regard part-time jobs as useless experience, because the take up most of student’s time. Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.You should write at least 250 words.You should use your ideas, knowledge and experience and support your arguments with examples and relevant evidence.。
剑桥雅思6听力test4解析
S e c t i o n 1 题目解析：原文难句1.Will that work out to be any cheaper? 那样会不会便宜一点呢? that 指代前面所说内容：I know the conference is for three days but actually I want to attend on the Friday and Saturday only. 一般对于前面所重复的信息不会在下一句话中重复出现，避免语句重复现象，用指示代词that/this/these/those等指代即可。
work out的本意为：解决;算出;实现;制定出;消耗完;弄懂;锻炼，但是在这句话中没有特别的含义。
2.’供早餐。
成为;变得;;群集。
在4. and it bringswhich引导限1. 5 10.21A原文难句1.We and gentlemen, and you are among the two hundred extra staff recruited to help look after them.先生们、女士们，我们预期今年的国际旅游展每天会吸引10000名参观者，你们是额外招募的200名工作人员，你们的职责是为这些游客服务。
be expecting的意思是预期ladies and gentlemen是插入语成分extra staff是指展览中心本来就有工作人员，这些人是临时招募的recruited动词的过去分词表示与它所修饰的主语extra staff之间是被动关系2.Those of you involved in distributing entrance tickets will be on the yellow team and we’ve also put those of you who’ll be staffing the information booths around the conference centre on the yellow team, so you’ll be getting a yellow T-shirt.那些发放门票的工作人员属于黄队，另外负责会议中心周围信息亭的工作人员也属于黄队，你们每人会穿一件黄色T恤。
剑桥雅思6Test4PASSAGE2译文：受过教育的妇女会是更好的母亲吗？
剑桥雅思6Test4PASSAGE2译文：受过教育的妇女会是更好的母亲吗？雅思为各位考生推荐复习材料-剑桥雅思6Test4PASSAGE 2译文：受过教育的妇女会是更好的母亲吗？,需要浏览本单元其他篇幅译文和解析的考生，请点击：剑桥雅思6T est4 PASSAGE 1 原文+参考译文：Doctoring sales；剑桥雅思6Test4Passage1真题解析。
剑桥雅思6Test4阅读原文+参考译文PASSAGE 2 ：Do literate women make better mothers受过教育的妇女会是更好的母亲吗Children in developing countries are healthier and more likely to survive past the age of five when their mothers can read and write. Experts in public health accepted this idea decades ago, but until now no one has been able to show that a woman’s ability to read in itself improves her children’s chances of survival.在发展中国家，如果母亲有读写能力，孩子会更健康，更易活过五岁。
虽然公共健康方面的专家数十年前就已经接受了这一观点，但是迄今为止，还没有人能够证明妇女自身的阅读能力能增大其子女的存活几率。
Most literate women learnt to read in primary school, and the fact that a woman has had an education may simply indicate her family’s wealth or that it values its children more highly. Now a long-term study carried out in Nicaragua has eliminated these factors by showing that teaching reading to poor adult women, who would otherwise have remained illiterate, has a direct effect on their children’s health and survival.大部分受过教育的妇女在小学期间学会阅读。
剑6 Test 4 阅读部分文章结构、必会单词、译文
剑6 Test 4READING PASSAGE 1文章结构本节考查词汇sales representatives 销售代表a major global pharmaceutical company 一家全球性大制药公司a medical center 医疗中心be on offer 提供drug representatives 医药代表gadget n. 小玩意fit the drugs profile 适合药物疗效pharmaceuticals n. 医药品practice n. 作法bribe n. 贿赂sheer adj. 纯粹的much-needed 急需的brochure n. 手册glossary n. 术语reprint v. 翻印prescription n. 处方investment n. 投资in need of 需要flashy adj. 华丽的pamphlet n. 册子inundation n. 洪水emblazon vt. 饰以标志logo n. 标志loyal adj. 忠诚的hand out 分发comprehensive studies 广泛研究availability n. 获取dispense vt. 分发as a whole 总体上说sky-rocketing 直线上升的grapple with 挣扎make a profit 赚取利润医药销售（医药行业是北美洲利润空间最大的行业之一，但是医药行业的销售和营销策略是否做的太过分呢？）A．几个月前，Kim Schaefer，这位全球主要医药公司的销售代表，走进了纽约的一家医疗中心，她带来了公司新产品的样品以及相关信息。
那天她很走运，因为一位医生抽空接待了她。
“上一位医药代表说要送我一次佛罗里达的旅行，你打算给我点什么呢？”，这位医生半开玩笑的问道。
B．那天她能够提供的是两张纽约音乐剧的门票。
但是随便在哪一天，她可以提供的东西与今天的医药代表所能提供的都并无二致：满满一后备箱的促销礼品和小玩意，一份足以给一个小国家购买午餐和晚餐的预算，几百份免费样品药，加上医生的一份特权，即接下来的六位病人里，这位医生倘若给适用于此药疗效范畴的人开出此药，则每开一次就可以得到200美元。
《剑桥雅思6》阅读讲解-第四套PPT
《剑桥雅思6》阅读讲解-第四套PPT剑桥六阅读讲解A类第四套北京环球雅思学校祁连⼭详细内容参看《名师讲剑六，奇招破雅思》（机械⼯业出版社出版）学习⽹站：/doc/8510569427.htmli Not all doctors are persuadedii Choosing the best offersiii Who is responsible for the increase in promotionsiv Fighting the drug companiesv An example of what doctors expect from drug companiesvi Gifts include financial incentivesvii Research shows that promotion worksviii The high costs of researchix The positive side of drugs promotionx Who really pays for doctors’ free gifts8 Sales representatives like Kim Schaefer work to a very limited budget.9 Kim Schaefer’s marketing technique may be open to criticism on moral grounds.10 The information provided by drug companies is of little use to doctors.11 Evidence of drug promotion is clearly visible in the healthcare environment.12 The drug companies may give free drug samples to patients without doctors’ prescriptions.13It is legitimate for drug companies to make money.正数第⼀⾏“But on any given day, what Schaefer can offer is typical for today’s drugs rep-a car trunk full of promotional gifts and gadgets, a budget that could buy lunches and dinner for a small country, hundreds of free drug samples and the freedom to give a physician $200 to prescribe her new product to the next six patients who fit the drug’s profile ”，对应第⼋题。