2017年武汉大学617综合知识研究生入学考试真题试卷

2024研究生入学考试综合知识部分历年真题全解析

2024研究生入学考试综合知识部分历年真题全解析研究生入学考试对于即将步入研究生阶段的学子而言，是一项重要的考试。

而综合知识部分则是其中的重要一环。

在这一部分，考生需要对多个领域的知识进行全面的了解和掌握。

本文将对2024年研究生入学考试综合知识部分历年真题进行全面解析。

一、政治知识1. 《中华人民共和国宪法》是我国的基本法律，全文共有多少章？答案：《中华人民共和国宪法》全文共有11章。

解析：这是一道较为基础的政治知识题，考生只需要简单回忆一下《中华人民共和国宪法》的章节数量即可得出答案。

2. 中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会于哪一年召开？答案：中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会于2017年召开。

解析：中国共产党代表大会是党内最高决策机构，每次召开都是我国政治生活的重要事件。

考生需了解该次党代会的召开年份。

二、经济知识1. 宏观经济学最核心的内容之一是什么？答案：宏观经济学最核心的内容之一是国民经济总量的测量和分析。

解析：宏观经济学是研究整体经济运行及其内在联系的学科，对于经济发展的规律有较为全面的分析。

考生需要了解宏观经济学的核心内容之一。

2. 我国改革开放的引领者是谁？答案：我国改革开放的引领者是邓小平同志。

解析：考生需要了解我国改革开放的背景及主要领导者，邓小平同志是中国改革开放的主要推动者之一。

三、文化知识1. 以下哪位是唐代的杰出诗人？A. 李白B. 辛弃疾C. 陆游D. 苏轼答案：A. 李白解析：唐代是中国古代文化的巅峰，有许多杰出的文化人物。

考生需要对唐代的杰出诗人有一定的了解。

2. 京剧的起源发展地是哪个地区？答案：京剧的起源发展地是中国的北京地区。

解析：京剧是中国传统戏曲剧种之一，对于中国传统文化的了解是研究生入学考试必备的知识。

四、科学知识1. 物质的最小单位是什么？答案：物质的最小单位是原子。

解析：原子是物质的基本组成单位，对于微观世界的认识起着重要的作用。

考生需要对物质的组成有一定的了解。

武汉大学行政管理专业研究生入学考试参考资料之历年真题

武汉大学行政管理专业历年考研真题2005：公共管理学一简答（10×5）1公共管理学及其基本内涵。

2公共部门的绩效概念。

3公共管理顾客导向的内涵。

4西方国家“政府再造”的主要特征。

5公共部门战略管理中的SWOT分析。

二辨析（指出每组两个概念的基本内涵，并说明两者的异同。

14×2）：公共行政与公共管理、政府组织与非盈利组织三案例分析（16×2）1基尼系数是描述一国收入分配差异程度的理想指标，基尼系数越大该国的贫富差距就越大。

一般认为，当基尼系数小于0.2时，收入分配属于绝对平均水平；当基尼系数为0.2—0.3时，属于比较平均；当基尼系数为0.3—0.4时，收入分配相对合理；当基尼系数为0.4—0.5时，贫富差距就较大；当基尼系数大于0.5时，就是贫富悬殊了。

根据下列表1和表2中的数据及相关信息，回答以下三个问题：表1：世界各国基尼系数平均值的变动⑴根据世界各国的一般情况来看，经济发展与贫富差距之间呈现出何种关系，原因何在？⑵中国贫富差距表懂得规律是什么？它与世界各国的普遍规律之间有何差异，原因何在？⑶政府应该如何协调平等与效率之间的关系？2、城市乞讨人员是城市中普遍存在的现象，是城市管理中令人头疼的问题，以至2004年6月举行的政协北京市第十届委员会第十四次主席会议专门审议了一项专题为《关于加强我市对流浪乞讨人员管理和救助工作的调研报告》。

一般而言，对乞讨问题存在两种不同的政策逻辑，一种逻辑是从公民权利和自由的角度出发，反对政府干预和限制乞讨，这种观点认为政府采取限制乞讨行为是一种“歧视逻辑”，一种“面子逻辑”，一种“强权逻辑”，违反最基本的人权；另一种逻辑是从公共利益和社会秩序的角度出发，赞同政府干预和限制乞讨行乞，这种观点认为限制乞讨是现代文明的必然要求，乞丐有职业化趋势，很多人利用行乞谋取暴利，乞丐不劳动而获取成果，不利于社会发展，乞丐也影响了被乞讨人员的行动自由，政府作为公共权力的代表，理应采取强制措施治理乞讨的问题。

2017考研管理类联考综合能力真题及答案解析

2017年全国硕士研究生招生考试管理类专业学位联考综合能力试题2017年管理类联考综合能力答案详解一、问题求解1.【标准答案】E设取的数为点集(a ,b),满足a>b或a +l<b的情况有(2'1)、(3'1)、(3,2)和(1,3)、(1,4)、(2,4)共6种，而全部的点集总数为3X4=12种，所以甲获胜的概率P =—=—.6 1 12 2故选E.2.【标准答案】E乙A十乙A'=穴，所以乙A'=穴—乙A .于是sin乙A'=sin(rc —乙A)=sin乙A .—IAB I I AC I sin乙A 2 2 4 S �ABC 2 再由三角形的面积计算公式可知，＝ S 公A'B 'C '1=-X -=— 3 3 9.勹A'B'II A'C'I sin乙A'故选E.3.【标准答案】B（牙C 仅习15 X 6 X 1 此题为分组问题，不同的分组方式共有＝ =15, 故选B .因4.【标准答案】B由已知可得，甲、乙、丙的平均值分别为了－＝2+5+8-5+2+5=5,x 2 = =4, —8+4+9 =7.1所以甲、乙、丙的方差分别为：rJ 1 =—X[(5-2)2+(5—5)2+(5—8)勹=6;3 1 1 rJ 2 =—X [(4—5)2 +(4-2)2 + (4—5)勹=2;rJ 3 =—X [(7—8)2 + (7-4)2 +C7-9)勹＝—14 3 3 3· 显然rJ1>cr3 >妇故选B.5.【标准答案】C12、9、6的最大公约数为3,因此能切割成相同正方体的最少个数为12X9X6 =24. 3X3X3故选C.6.【标准答案】B设该电冰箱降价前是1,根据题意可推出(1—10%)2=0.81=81%'故选B.7.【标准答案】E设甲、丙的载重量分别为x 、y ,则乙的载重量为x +y 2x+Y根据题意列式为{'"+ 2 �95, 解得x �30,y �1o ,x ;y �35x +3y =l50,所以，甲、乙、丙分别各1辆车一次最多运送货物为30+40+35=105.故选E .8.【标准答案】D下午咨询的人数为90人，上午咨询的人数为45人，再减去重复咨询的人数为9人，所以一天中向张老师咨询的学生人数为90+45—9-126,故选D .9.【标准答案】D画图如图3所示，行走10米时的搜索区域是由一个矩形和两个半圆组成，有S =S 矩形+2s 半圆=2Xl O+l 五=20+兀三BD2 3 4 5 6 7 8已图310. 【标准答案】A设购买甲、乙办公设备的件数分别为兀、y,于是有l750x +950y = 10000, 代入选项验证，A 项符合题意11. 【标准答案】D1到100之间的整数中，能被9整除的数为9,18,……, 99.于是这些数的平均值为一9+......+99 9XC1+2+ (11)x = 11 = =54, 故选D .12. 【标准答案】B6道题能确定正确选项的，选对答案的概率为1;5道题能排除2个错误的选项，选对答案的概率为一；4道题能排除1个错误选项，选对答案的概率为—.因为解答各题之间相互独立，则甲得满分的概率为P=l 6X —X-z s 34·故选B.13. 【标准答案】B对该不等式进行分类求解：当x 彦1时，不等式方程化是2x —1冬2'解得x冬—;当x<l时，不等式方程化是l-x +x�2,则1冬2'恒成立，即x<l;综上所述，可得不等式的解集为(-=,一．2 ]故选B.14. 【标准答案】A2阴影部分的面积S 阴影=S S 1 1迈六l 扇形AO B 一丛AO C =—X 立12——x(—)=——— 8 2 2 8 4·故选A.15. 【标准答案】C 设没复习过这三门课程的学生人数为x .20+30+6—10—2—3+o+x =50, 解得x =9,故选C.二、条件充分性判断16. 【标准答案】D设总共处理文件x 份．条件(U:根据题意列方程为1 了x+忙－卢）=10今=25,条件(1)充分．条件(2):根据题意列方程为1 了( 1 x —— 5 叶=5=>x =25,条件(2)充分．故选D.17. 【标准答案】C 条件(1)和条件(2)显然单独不成立，联合条件(1)和条件(2)可得，乘动车的时间为3小时，乘汽车的时间也为3小时，那么AB 两地的距离为S =220X 3+100X 3=960, 故选C .18, 【标准答案】B 本题题意要求x 2-ax-b =O 有两个不同的实根，即要求a 2+4h>o .条件(U:明显是干扰的，条件(1)不充分．条件(2):当b>O时，明显矿+4b>O 成立，条件(2)充分．故选B.19. 【标准答案】E两条件单独是不充分的，联立条件(1)和条件(2).设一月份的产值是a 1'二月份产值是az '…，十二月份的产值是a 12·全年总产值是s,设月平均增长率是p .即有S =a 1+az+…+a lZ=a 1+a凶l+p)+…+a 10+p)11a 1[1—o+p )IZ J1-0+p)a 1 O+P )12—a 1p a 1和S已知的情况下，p并非唯一确定．举反例说明：第CD组：a 1 =l ,az =2 ,a 3 =3 ,a 4 =4 ,a 5 =5 ,a 6 =6 ,a 7 =7 ,a 8 =8,a 9 =9 ,a 10 =lO,a11 = 11,a 12 = 14. 第＠组：a 1 =l ,az =2 ,a 3 =3 ,a 4 =4 ,a 5 =5 ,as =6 ,a 7 =7 ,as =8 ,a 9 =9 ,a 10 =10 ,a 11 = 12 ,a 12 = 13. 可得，只知道全年的总产值和一月份的产值，不能确定某企业产值的月平均增长率，即条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来也不充分，故选E .20. 【标准答案】A 由已经圆的方程可以转化为（ a b 2矿b 2 a b x -了）+(y —了）＝厂丁—C'可知圆心为（了飞-)'已知圆与x轴相切即圆心到x轴距离等于半径，即2 I勹=r =]_三气＝已2 2 4.只要知道a 的值就能知道c 的值。

2016年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题综合知识（含宏微观经济学和会计学..

2000年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题综合知识（含宏微观经济学和会计学）武汉大学2000年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：综合知识（含宏微观经济学和会计学）科目代码：537一、名词解释（每小题3分，共15分）1.Giffen good2.Increasing-Cost industry3.Externalities4相对收入假说(.Relative income hypothesis)5.Built-in stabilizers二、简答题（每小题7分，共35分）1.下列事件对产品x的需求会产生什么影响？（1）产品x变得更为时行；（2）产品x的替代品y的价格上升；（3）预计居民收入将上升；（4）预计人口将有一个较大的增长。

2.简述垄断形成的内在根源。

3.简述社会福利函数的基本特征和阿罗不可能定理的主要内容。

4.简述LM曲线的弹性及其对财政货币政策效应的影响。

5.你认为下列政策中哪一项会影响到一国的长期经济增长率？（1）货币政策；（2）财政政策；（3）教育科研政策；（4）人口控制政策；（5）刺激劳动投入的政策。

三、论述题（10分）当前中国存在哪些种类的失业？在有关失业种类的分析和失业治理的讨论中，西方经济学中哪些概念和原理可以值得借鉴？答案部分武汉大学2000年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目：综合知识（含宏微观经济学和会计学）科目代码：537一、名词解释（每小题3分，共15分）1.Giffen good：即吉芬商品, 指需求与价格之间呈反常变化的一类商品，由英国统计学家罗伯特·吉芬（Robert Giffen）发现而得名。

这种商品的价格与需求量的变动违反了需求规律，即价格越低购买的越少，价格提高反而购买的更多，商品需求量与其价格成正比关系。

1854年当爱尔兰发生大饥荒而使马铃薯的价格大幅度上涨之时，对马铃薯的需求量却反而增加了。

之所以会发生这种现象的原因在于所引起的替代效应远远低于其收入效应。

2017年武汉大学英语语言文学考研初试真题分享

245二外法语（满分100分，时间3小时）武大的法语是出了名的强，题自然就会难了，如果选择二外法语的话，建议早点开始复习法语，认真背单词，法语参考书都有配套的解析资料，课后练习题是重点，包括解析资料里的题，都要认真去做。

第一大题：照给出的例子写出下列单词的正确形式（10分，10题。

这次是动词变名词，单词都很简单，但是，变形我不知道……）第二大题：代词替换划线部分（这个题型以往真题里没有出现过，做的时候我也很懵）第三大题：用动词的正确形式填空（主要考查语法部分和动词变位，时态很复杂）第四大题：阅读理解（一篇，比较简单）第五大题：法译汉（5题，句子翻译）第六大题：汉译法（一篇翻译）611基础英语（满分150分，时间3小时）今年题型大变，连考查重点都感觉变了。

个人感觉出题算是比较简单，属于那种看似简单平凡，实则见扎实功底的类型。

（一）完形填空（15空，用单词的正确形式填空，难度稍大，考核高级词汇）（二）习语解释（5题，应该都是从高英课本文章里摘出来的，但是不是那种显而易见断定为习语的类型）真题我不记得了，因为我没有复习课本，答案都是自己凭感觉写的（三）paraphrase（同习语一样，也是课本上的，可能会出在比较偏的课文里）我记得有讲日本那个城市的，马克吐温的，某个沙漠地区的，以丑为美的建筑的等等。

（四）汉译英（课本上原文的汉语翻译给你，写出英文，都是句子）（五）英译汉（一段翻译，这次的比较简单，偏人生哲理类，人生是一场旅程，什么如在大海里航行）（六）阅读理解（应该是四篇，只有选择题，比专八简单一点或相同）801英语综合（语言学、文学）（满分150分，时间3小时）这个科目是需要重点复习的，另外光是复习所给参考书是完全不够的，很多东西参考书里根本没有提到，或者略过，所以有空的时候可以去看看相关的教材。

文学部分，前期是认认真真的看厚厚的参考书，后来发现时间完全不够，分析真题的时候发现武大比较喜欢考重要流派，所以还整理过重要流派的核心思想，代表作家的相关内容，但是今年完全没有用到。

2017年武汉大学考博英语真题及答案

2017年武汉大学考博英语真题及答案注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。

Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points)Directions: In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneMr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire.On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average.Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrongwith the figures. One possibility is that they fail to count the huge consumer surplus given away free of charge on the internet. But this is unconvincing. The official figures may well be understating the impact of the internet revolution, just as they downplayed the impact of electricity and cars in the past, but they are not understating it enough to explain the recent decline in productivity growth.Another, second line of argument that the productivity revolution has only just begun is more persuasive. Over the past decade many IT companies may have focused on things that were more “fun than fundamental” in Paul Krugman’s phrase. But Silicon Valley’s best companies are certainly focusing on things that change the material world.Uber and Airbnb are bringing dramatic improvements to two large industries that have been more or less stuck for decades. Morgan Stanley estimates that driverless cars could result in $507 billion a year of productivity gains in America, mainly from people being able to stare at their laptops instead of at the road.1.What has led to the pessimistic opinion concerning the world’s economy?A.It is based on macro-level statistics on productivity.B.It is based on close observation on corporate and investor behavior.C.It is due to the fact that many old firms are not run by bureaucrats.D.It is due to the fact that not enough new firms have been created.2.The first argument on the optimists’side is unconvincing because theofficial figures.A.are both wrong and unconvincingB.downplay the internet revolutionC.fail to include the consumer surplusD.can’t explain the decline in productivity growth3.What is true about the IT companies in Silicon Valley??A.They have only focused on the fun part of life.B.They have made a difference in the real world.C.They have more persuasive productivity.D.They have only just begun to develop.4.How can driverless cars benefit American industries?A.Driverless cars have revived two large American industries.B.The sale of driverless cars can reach hundreds of billion dollars.C.Thanks to them people free from driving can do more creative work.D.Driverless cars have stimulated the development of Uber and Airbnb.Passage TwoWinston Churchill was one of the central statesmen of the 20th century and, almost 50 years after his death, remains a subject of enduring fascination. Part of the current interest in this venerable figure can be attributed to two superb biographies written in the 1980s by historian William Manchester: “The Last Lion: Visions of Glory” and “The Last Lion: Alone.” These two books examined the first two-thirds of Churchill’s life.Unfortunately, after completing the second volume, Manchester’s health declined and the rest of the project stalled. So great was public interest in the long-delayed final volume that it was the subject of a front page story in The New York Times.Eventually, in 2003, Manchester asked his friend Paul Reid to complete the trilogy. Now, nearly a decade later, Reid has published The Last Lion, the final piece of this monumental undertaking. Reid starts when Churchill was appointed prime minister in May 1940 andfollows him through his death in 1965. While most of this volume is appropriately devoted to World War II, it also includes the vast expansion of the British welfare state following the war, the start of the Cold War and the enormous dangers it carried, and the loss of the British Empire.Reid has written a thorough and complete analysis of these years, and it is a worthy finale to the first two volumes. Exhaustively researched and carefully written, it draws on a full range of primary and secondary materials. This book will be essential reading for those who enjoyed the first two volumes and those with a deep interest in understanding this seminal figure and his place in history.Reid does a wonderful job of capturing Churchill in all his complexity. He gives Churchill great praise for his personal courage and inspirational leadership during the dark days when Britain stood alone, but he is equally clear about Churchill’s poor strategic judgments, such as the efforts to defend Greece and Crete, the Allied assault on Anzio, and the decision to send the battleship Prince of Wales and battle cruiser Repulse to the South China Sea without adequate air cover where they were promptly sunk by the Japanese.He highlights Churchill’s naiveté in dealing with Soviet Premier Stalin in the early years of the war, but praises his prescience in anticipating Stalin’s land grab in Eastern Europe at the end of the conflict. Reid also gives welcome attention to aspects of the war ― such as Churchill’s fear that the United States might decide to put its primary emphasis on defeating Japan regardless of the “Germany first”understanding he shared with Roosevelt that have received little attention in other books.5.What can be known about the two biographies of Churchill?A.They were written in an interesting style.B.They were written prior to Churchill’s death.C.They are mainly written from a historical point of view.D.They have helped intrigue the readers over a long period.6.Why did the biography once become a front page story in The New York Times?A.People were looking forward to the publication of the final volume.B.Readers were angry with the author for the delay of the final volume.C.The publication of the final volume was then a heatedly discussed issue.D.Readers wanted to know who would be the new author of the final volume.7.Why does the third volume prove to be worthy?A.It is widely read and welcomed by readers.B.It involves enough details in Churchill’s life.C.It is based on thorough and reliable research.D.It offers a unique understanding of Churchill.8.What can we know about Churchill through the third volume?A.He is a man with complexity.B.He pulled Britain through WWII.C.He made many strategic mistakes.D.He is courageous and inspirational.Passage ThreeAsteroids and comets that repeatedly smashed into the early Earth covered the planet’s surface with molten rock during its earliest days, but still may have left oases of water that could have supported the evolution of life, scientists say. The new study reveals that during the planet’s infancy, the surface of the Earth was a hellish environment, but perhaps not as hellish as often thought, scientists added.Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago. The first 500 million years of its life are known as the Hadean Eon. Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history, little is known about it, since few rocks are known that are older than 3.8 billion years old.For much of the Hadean, Earth and its sister worlds in the inner solar system were pummeled with an extraordinary number of cosmic impacts. “It was thought that because of these asteroids and comets flying around colliding with Earth, conditions on early Earth may have been hellish,”said lead study author Simone Marchi, a planetary scientist at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado. This imagined hellishness gave the eon its name — Hadean comes from Hades, the lord of the underworld in Greek mythology.However, in the past dozen years or so, a radically different picture of the Hadean began to emerge. Analysis of minerals trapped within microscopic zircon crystals dating from this econ “suggested that there was liquid water on the surface of the Earth back then, clashing with the previous picture that the Hadean was hellish,” Marchi said. This could explain why the evidence of the earliest life on Earth appears during the Hadean — maybe the planet was less inhospitable during that eon than previously thought.The exact timing and magnitude of the impacts that smashed Earth during the Hadean are unknown. To get an idea of the effects of this bombardment, Machi and his colleagues looked at the moon, whose heavily cratered surface helped model the battering that its close neighbor Earth must have experienced back then.“We also looked at highly siderophile elements (elements that bind tightly to iron), such as gold, delivered to Earth as a result of these early collisions, and the amounts of these elements tells us the total mass accreted by Earth as the results of these collisions,” Marchi said. Prior research suggests these impacts probably contributed less than 0.5 percent of the Earth’s present-day mass.The researchers discovered that “the surface of the Earth during the Hadean was heavily affected by very large collisions, by impactors [ɪm'pæktə] larger than 100 kilometers (60 miles) or so — really, really big impactors,’ Marchi said. “When Earth has a collision with an object that big, that melts a large volume of the Earth’s crust and mantle, covering a large fraction of the surface,”Marchi added. These findings suggest that Earth’s surface was buried over and over again by large volumes of molten rock — enough to cover the surface of the Earth several times. This helps explain why so few rock survive from the Hadean, the researchers said.9.Why is little known about the Earth’s first 500 million years?A.Because it is an imagined period of time.B.Because this period is of little significance.C.Because it is impossible to know about this period.D.Because no rocks are available as research evidence.10.Why is the early Earth imagined to be hellish?A.Because it was often smashed by asteroids and comets.B.Because back then Hades, the lord of Hell, resigned.C.Because it was so according to Greek mythology.D.Because back then there was no life.11.Why was the early Earth in fact less inhospitable than often thought?A.Because minerals of the Hadean have been found suggesting the existenceof life.B.Because the clashing brought by asteroids and comets was not completelydamaging.C.Because during the Hadean there already existed the evidence of life.D.Because there had already been liquid water on the Earth back then.12.How can the moon help with the understanding of the impacts that smashed theEarth?A.The moon once smashed into the Earth too.B.The moon was battered earlier than the Earth.C.The moon, as a close neighbor, is easier to observe.D.The moon’s surface is heavily cratered as the Earth’s.Passage FourFrom beach balls, pool toys, and jump houses, inflatable technology takes a big step forward for its next frontier: space station. A new kind of tech will be aboard Space X’s eighth supply mission to the International Space Station (ISS). A compressed living module will be delivered and attached to the station where, in the void of space, it will expand into a new habitat for astronauts.Designed by Bigelow Aerospace, the inflatable space habitat is one area NASAis exploring for potential deep space habitats and other advanced space missions.“The ‘Bigelow Expandable Activity Module,’or the BEAM, is an expandable habitat that will be used to investigate technology and understand the potential benefits of such habitats for human missions to deep space,” NASA Administrator Charles Bolden wrote in a blog post.The habitats could be a way to “dramatically increase” the space available for astronauts while also offering added protection from the dangers of space, like radiation and space debris, the NASA press release says.But how is an inflatable space station supposed to be a viable means of housing for space travelers? BEAMs are far more than balloon-like rooms where astronauts can take asylum. Technically, the modules don’t inflate ―they expand, according to the company. And beyond just air, the habitats are reinforced with an internal metal structure. The outside is composed of multiple layers of material including things like rubber and kevlar to protect from any speeding debris.Inside SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraft on the way to the ISS, the BEAM will be approximately 8 feet in diameter. It will expand once deployed in space to offer 565 cubic feet of space for astronauts. “It’ll be the first time human beings will actually step inside this expandable habitat in space,”former astronaut George Zamka, who has worked for Bigelow Aerospace, told USA Today. “There won’t be this sense of it being like a balloon.”But astronauts won’t be getting inside the module for some time yet. The BEAM will be attached to the Tranquility Node and deployed. Inside the module are a series of tools that will help the crew of the ISS monitor different aspects of the expandable area to see how it acts in space. The crew will watch heat, radiation, orbital debris, and provide information about the viability of using similar modules in the future.The testing is scheduled to go on for a two-year time period, after which the module will be released and burn up in the atmosphere. NASA’s partnership with Bigelow fits Mr. Bolden’s desire to help grow a robustprivate sector industry to commercialize aspects of space ― a process he sees as vital if humans want to reach farther cosmic destinations. “The world of low Earth orbit belongs to industry,”Bolden said at a press conference in January 2015.13.What is special about the new living module on SpaceX’s eighth mission toISS?A)It is expandable. C) It is going to deep space.B)It looks like a toy. D) It will not return to Earth.14.What is the purpose of designing the inflatable space habitat?.A.It is to find out its potential capacity.B.It is to give a try on a new technology.C.It is to save time and money in production.D.It is to see if it can be applied in deep space.15.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean?A.The habitat will not be a balloon-like room.B.The habitat will not feel like a balloon.C.The habitat will be like a senseless balloon.D.The habitat will be a different kind of balloon.16.Why does NASA intend to commercialize aspects of space?A.It can save NASA time and energy.B.It is necessary for a robust industry.C.It is crucial for further space explorations.D.It meets both NASA’s and Bigelow’s needs.Passage FiveOf all the people on my holiday shopping list, there was one little boy for whom buying a gift had become increasingly difficult. He’s a wonderful child, adorable and loving, and he’s not fussy or irritable or spoiled. Though he lives across the country from me, I receive regular updates and photos, and he likes all the things that the boys his age want to play with. Shopping for him should be easy, but I find it hard to summon up any enthusiasm, because in all the years I’ve given him presents, he never once sent me a thank-you note.“Sending thank-you notes is becoming a lost art,”mourns Mary Mitchell, a syndicated columnist known as “Ms. Demeanor”and author of six etiquette books. In her view, each generation, compared with the one before, is losing a sense of consideration for other people. “Without respect,” she says, “you have conflict.”Ms. Demeanor would be proud of me: I have figured out a way to ensure that my children always send thank-you notes. And such a gesture is important, says Ms. Demeanor, because “a grateful attitude is a tremendous life skill, an efficient and inexpensive way to set ourselves apart in the work force and in our adult lives. Teach your children that the habit of manners comes from inside ― it’s an attitude based on respecting other people.”A few years ago, as my children descended like piranhas on their presents under the Christmas tree, the only attitude I could see was greed. Where was the appreciation of time and effort?A thank-you note should contain three things: an acknowledgement of the gift (Love the tie with the picture of a hose on it); a recognition of the time and effort spent to select it (You must have shopped all over the state to find such a unique item!); a prediction of how you will use your gift or the way ithas enhanced your life (I’ll be sure to wear it to the next Mr. Ed convention!).So, five years ago, in one of my rare flashes of parental insight, I decided that the most appropriate time to teach this basic courtesy is while the tinsel is hot. To the horror of my children, I announced that henceforth every gift received will be an occasion for a thank-you note written immediately, on the spot. I have explained to my kids how I have reacted to not hearing from the little boy ― how it made me fell unappreciated and unmotivated to repeat the process next year.I have reluctantly given my kids the green light to send e-mail thank-you notes; though hand-lettered ones (at least to me) still seem friendlier. But pretty much any thank-you makes the gift giver feel special ―just as, we hope, the recipient feels. It’s a gesture that perfectly captures the spirit of the holidays.17.The author felt unmotivated when buying a gift for the little boy because he.A.purposely intended not to show gratitude for her kindness andconsiderationB.had never expressed appreciation of the gifts he received in previousyears.C.had no idea how thoughtful she was in choosing a gift for himD.didn’t like any of the gift she had given him18.According to Ms. Demeanor, showing appreciation has the benefit of .A.forming the habit of good mannersB.regaining the lost art of expressing thanksC.motivating the gift giver to buy more giftsD.distinguishing oneself from others in work and life19.In a thank-you note, “The book will be my good companion when I am alone”serves as.A. a recognition of the time and effort spent to select itB.an announcement of how it has enhanced your lifeC. a prediction of how you will use your giftD.an acknowledgement of the gift20.What does the author mean by “while the tinsel is hot (Line 2, Para. 6)?A.The moment her kids receive a gift.B.The moment she starts choosing gifts for each kid.C.When the art of sending thank-you notes isn’t lost yet.D.When her kids still remember who bought the gifts for them.Part II English-Chinese Translation (5’×4 = 20 points)Directions: Read the following passage, and then translate the underlined parts numbered from (1) to (4), from English into Chinese. Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Economics is no different. Supply, demand, elasticity, comparative advantage, consumer surplus, deadweight loss--these terms are part of the economist’slanguage. In the coming chapters, you will encounter many new terms and some familiar words that economists use in specialized ways.(1)At first, this new language may seem needlessly arcane. But, as you will see, its value lies in itsability to provide you a new and useful way of thinking about the world in which you live.Economists try to address their subject with a scientist’s objectivity. They approach the study of the economy in much the same way as a physicist approaches the study of matter and a biologist approaches the study of life: (2)They devise theories, collect data, and then analyze thesedata in an attempt to verify or refute their theories.To beginners, it can seem odd to claim that economics is a science. After all, economists do not work with test tubes or telescopes. (3)The essence of science, however, is the scientificmethods--the dispassionate development and testing of theories about how the world works.This method of inquiry is as applicable to studying a nation’s economy asit is to studying the earth’s gravity or a species’ evolution. (4)As Albert Einstein once put it, “The whole of science isnothing more than the refinement of everyday thinking.”(225words)Part II Chinese-English Translation (20 points)Directions: Translate the following paragraph from Chinese into English. Please write youranswer on the ANSWER SHEET.为了寻找实验室试验的替代品，经济学家十分关注历史所提供的自然实验。

2017年武汉大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题

2017年武汉大学攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题（满分值150分）科目名称：宏微观经济学科目代码：819一、名词解释（共6小题，每小题5分，共30分）1、inferior good2、natural monopoly3、vertical equity4、functional finance5、effects of monetary policy6、rational expectations二、简答题（共4小题，每小题10分，共40分）1、若一个长期均衡的完全竞争行业面临市场需求减少，那么该行业会如何调整实现新的长期均衡？调整期间企业利润和数量会发生什么变化？结合图形说明。

2、考虑线性需求q=a-bp，分析需求富有弹性的价格范围？同时利用需求价格弹性与收入的关系，解释为何在需求曲线中点处厂商实现销售收入最大。

3、什么是挤出效应？其形成机制是什么？其大小取决于哪些因素？4、如果浮动汇率制下的某国经济处于经济衰退之中，政策制定者认为货币贬值政策会刺激总需求从而使该国摆脱衰退。

你认为政府应该做些什么才能引发这种贬值？其他国家会做出怎样的反应？何种情况下其他国家会欣然接受该国货币贬值政策？三、计算题（共4小题，共40分）1、某完全竞争厂商的短期边际成本为SMC=Q-10,总收益函数为TR=40Q，且当产量为20时总成本为200。

试计算该厂商利润最大时的产量和利润。

2、某消费者有480元收入用于消费。

效用函数是U=XY，X的价格为8，Y的价格为12，试计算：（1）为达到消费者均衡，应各消费多少单位的商品？（2）货币的边际效用和总效用各是多少？（3）若X的价格提高21%，Y的价格不变，则为了保持效用不变，收入应增加多少？3、某经济体有20000张1元的现钞，在不考虑现金漏损以及其他形式存款的情况下（1）如果人们将其中的15000张1元现钞存入银行，银行维持20%的存款准备金率，则经济中的货币数量会增加多少？（2）如果人们将所有的钱都以活期存款的形式持有，银行维持25%的存款准备金率，则经济中的货币数量是多少？（3）如果人们持有等额的现金和活期存款，银行维持10%的存款准备金率，经济中的货币数量又是多少？4、假设某经济体调查数据显示，其人口总数为400人，其中未成年人占25%，成年人中的非劳动力为100人，其中75%是男性。

2017年武大武汉大学考研真题、研究生招生简章、招生目录及考试大纲汇总

武汉大学考研真题、考研答案及考研资料，由布丁考研网去打在读学长收集整理，真题都是来自官方原版，权威可靠，内部资料都是我们当年考武大时用的，考上后针对新的大纲重新进行了整理，参考价值极高。

此外，我们还有很多备考武大的经验，学弟学妹们有任何报考的疑问均可以咨询我们。

我们还提供一对一VIP辅导，除了传授报考武汉大学的内部信息、备考方法及经验外，把专业课的所有重点、难点、考点全部道出，在最短的时间内快速提升成绩，特别适合二战、在职、本科不是985和211、基础比较差的同学。

2017年武大武汉大学研究生历年复试分数线汇总武汉大学2016年招收攻读硕士学位研究生简章江城多山，珞珈独秀；山上有黉，武汉大学。

武汉大学是教育部直属的重点综合性大学，是国家“985工程”和“211工程”重点建设高校，涵盖哲学、经济学、法学、教育学、文学、历史学、理学、工学、农学、医学、管理学、艺术学等12个学科门类。

学校现有43个一级学科具有博士学位授予权，235个二级学科专业具有博士学位授予权；58个一级学科具有硕士学位授予权，342个学科专业具有硕士学位授予权，博士后科研流动站42个，博士生导师1400余人，硕士生导师3100余人。

一、培养目标培养热爱祖国，拥护中国共产党的领导，拥护社会主义制度，遵纪守法，品德良好，具有服务国家、服务人民的社会责任感，掌握本学科坚实的基础理论和系统的专业知识，具有创新精神、创新能力和从事科学研究、教学、管理等工作能力的高层次学术型专门人才，以及具有较强解决实际问题的能力、能够承担专业技术或管理工作、具有良好职业素养的高层次应用型专门人才。

二、招生计划及考试方式2016年我校计划招收硕士研究生约5800 名（含拟接收推荐免试生2400名）。

其中：学术学位硕士研究生约3350 名，专业学位硕士研究生约2450 名，各培养单位招生人数将在录取时根据国家下达的正式招生计划和报名考试情况做适当调整。

另外，我校“国家少数民族高层次骨干人才培养计划”招收硕士研究生 70 名（限报专业学位专业），“高层次人才强军计划”招收硕士研究生60名(限报专业学位专业)、“退役大学生士兵专项硕士招生计划”招收硕士研究生40名（限报专业学位专业）。

2019年武汉大学617综合知识考研真题(回忆版)

武汉大学考研辅导班：2019年武汉大学617综合知识考研真题（回
忆版）
大学语文部分
一、简答题
1.《原野的小路》哲理意蕴。

2.《庄辛说楚襄王》谏言有何特色？
3.《与史郎中钦听黄鹤楼上吹笛》笛声是如何表现愁绪的？
二、论述题
1.赋经历了由汉代大赋向抒情小赋的转变，请举例说明。

2.《茶馆》的艺术特色。

三、作文
以“执念”写一篇作文800～1000文体不限诗歌除外。

法律政经部分
一、民事侵权构成要件及新闻侵权构成要件。

二、贸易保护主义的措施，利弊。

三、货币政策的含义、目标、工具。

新祥旭考研官网/。

2017年全国硕士研究生管理类联考综合试题答案解析

2017年全国硕士研究生管理类联考综合试题答案解析一、问题求解：第1—15小题,每小题3分,共45分. 下列每题给出的A 、B 、C 、D 、E 五个选项中, 只有一项是符合试题要求的. 请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑. 1.某品牌的电冰箱连续两次降价10%后的售价是降价前的（）。

（A ）80%（B ）81%（C ）82%（D ）83%（E ）85%【答案】B【解析】（1-10%）（1-10%）=81%，答案81%。

2.张老师到一所中学进行招生咨询，上午接受了45名同学的咨询，其中的9人下午又咨询了张老师，占他下午咨询学生的10%，一天张老师咨询的学生人数为（）。

（A ）81（B ）90（C ）115（D ）126（E ）135 【答案】D【解析】上午45人咨询，有9人下午再次咨询，9÷10%=90，总人数为45+90-9=126，选D 。

3.甲、乙、丙三种货车的载重量成等差数列，2辆甲种车和1辆乙种车满载量为95吨，1辆甲种车和3辆丙种车满载量为150吨，则甲、乙、丙各1辆载满货物为多少？（A ）125吨（B ）120吨（C ）115吨（D ）110吨（E ）105吨【答案】E【解析】甲乙丙等差数列：答案105设1辆甲、乙、丙的载重量是x,y,z 吨，有29530315035105240x y x x z y x y z x z y z +==⎧⎧⎪⎪+=⇒=⇒++=⎨⎨⎪⎪+==⎩⎩。

4. 12x x -+≤成立，则x 的取值范围（）。

（A ）(]-1∞，（B ）3-2⎛⎤∞ ⎥⎝⎦，（C ）312⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦，（D ）(]1+∞，（E ）3+2⎡⎫∞⎪⎢⎣⎭，【答案】B【解析】绝对值不等式：|x-1|+x ≤2，|x-1|≤2-x ，x-2≤x-1≤2-x ，x ≤3/2。

5.某机器人可搜索到的区域是半径为1米的圆，若该机器人沿直线行走10米，则其搜索区域的面积（平方米）为（）。

2017年考研管综真题试题及解析(全套)

2017全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类专业学位联考综合能力试题一、问题求解（本大题共5小题，每小题3分，共45分）下列每题给出5个选项中，只有一个是符合要求的，请在答题卡上将所选择的字母涂黑。

1、甲从1、2、3中抽取一个数，记为a ；乙从1、2、3、4中抽取一个数，记为b ，规定当a b >或者1a b +<时甲获胜，则甲取胜的概率为（）（A ）16 （B ）14 （C ）13 （D ）512 （E ）12【答案】E【解析】穷举法：满足a b >的有（2,1）（3,1）（3,2）；满足1a b +<的有（1,3）（1,4）（2,4）；共六组，因此概率为61342=⨯ 2、已知ABC ∆和'''A B C ∆满足''''::2:3AB A B AC AC ==,',A A π∠+∠=则ABC∆和'''A B C ∆的面积比为（）（A （B （C ）2:3 （D ）2:5 （E ）4:9 【答案】E【解析】特值法：假设2,''''3,'2AB AC A B A C A A π====∠=∠=，则11:'22:334:922S S =⨯⨯⨯⨯=3、将6人分成3组，每组2人，则不同的分组方式共有（）（A ）12 （B ）15 （C ）30 （D ）45 （E ）90 【答案】B【解析】分组分配：均匀分组，注意消序2226423315C C C A ⨯⨯= 4记123,,σσσ分别为甲、乙、丙投中数的方差，则（）（A ）123σσσ>> （B ）132σσσ>> （C ）213σσσ>> （D ）231σσσ>> （E ）321σσσ>>【答案】B【解析】计算方差、比较大小()()()()()()()()()222122222223255585=563542454=42387479714=733x x x σσσ-+-+-==-+-+-==-+-+-==甲乙丙，，，因此，132σσσ>>5、将长、宽、高分别为12、9、6的长方体切割成正方体，且切割后无剩余，则能切割成相同正方体的最少个数为（）（A ）3 （B ）6 （C ）24 （D ）96 （E ）648 【答案】C【详解】正方体的棱长应是长方体棱长的公约数，想要正方体最少，则找最大公约数即3，因此得到的正方体个数为129624333⨯⨯= 6、某品牌电冰箱连续两次降价10%后的售价是降价前的（）（A ）80% （B ）81% （C ）82% （D ）83% （E ）85% 【答案】B【详解】假设降价前是1，则降价后为()()1110%110%81%⨯--=7、甲、乙、丙三种货车载重量成等差数列，2辆甲种车和1辆乙种车的载重量为95吨，1辆甲种车和3辆丙种车载重量为150吨，则甲、乙、丙分别各一辆车一次最多运送货物为（）（A ）125. （B ）120. （C ）115. （D ）110. （E ）105. 【答案】E【解析】设甲乙丙分别载重量为,,a b c ，由题得2295337245353150b a c a b a c b b b a c =+⎧⎪+=⇒++==⇒=⎨⎪+=⎩，因此所求3105a b c b ++==8、张老师到一所中学进行招生咨询，上午接到了45名同学的咨询，其中的9位同学下午又咨询了张老师，占张老师下午咨询学生的10%，一天中向张老师咨询的学生人数为（）（A ）81. （B ）90. （C ）115. （D ）126. （E ）135.【答案】D【解析】上午咨询的老师为45名，下午咨询的老师共90名，其中9名学生上午和下午都咨询了，因此学生总数为45+90-9=1269、某种机器人可搜索到的区域是半径为1米的圆，若该机器人沿直线行走10米，则其搜索出的区域的面积（单位：平方米）为（）（A ）102π+. （B ）10π+. （C ）202π+. （D ）20π+ . （E ）10π.【答案】D【解析】如图，机器人走过的区域为：因此面积是长方形加一个圆：2210120ππ⨯+⨯=+ 10、不等式12x x -+≤的解集为（）（A ）(,1]-∞. （B ）3(,]2-∞. （C ）3[1,]2. （D ）[1,)+∞. （E ）3[,)2+∞.【答案】B 【解析】121221232x x x x x x x x -+≤⇒-≤-⇒-≤-≤-⇒≤11、在1到100之间，能被9整除的整数的平均值是（）（A ）27 （B ）36 （C ）45 （D ）54 （E ）63 【答案】D 【详解】考查整除，19100111k k ≤≤→≤≤，9的倍数有9,18,27，…，99，这些数值的平均数为()9991154211+⨯=⨯12、某试卷由15道选择题组成，每道题有4个选项，其中只有一项是符合试题要求的，甲有6道题是能确定正确选项，有5道能排除2个错误选项，有4道能排除1个错误选项，若从每题排除后剩余的选项中选一个作为答案，则甲得满分的概率为（）（A ）451123⋅（B ）541123⋅（C ）541123+ （D ）541324⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭（E ）541324⎛⎫+ ⎪⎝⎭【答案】B【详解】5道题可排除2个错误选项，因此答对每题的概率为12，5道题目全部做对的概率为512；4道题目可排除1个错误选项，因此答对每题的概率为13，4道题目全部做对的概率为413，因此概率为512⋅41313.某公司用1万元购买了价格分别为1750和950的甲、乙两种办公设备，则购买的甲、乙办公设备的件数分别为（）（A ）3,5（B ）5,3（C ）4,4（D ）2,6（E ）6,2 【答案】A 【详解】考查不定方程，设甲种办公设备为x ，乙种办公设备为y ，列方程为1750950100003519200x y x y +=→+=，系数中有5直接看个位，35x 的个位必为0或者5，由于19y 的个位不为0，因此19y 的个位为5，那么35x 的个位必为5，因此y=5，x=3 14.如图，在扇形AOB 中，,14AOB OA π∠==, AC 垂直于OB ,则阴影部分的面积为（）11111（A ）- （B ）- （C ）- （D ）- （E ）-8488424448πππππ【答案】A 【详解】2OCA 1111=11=82284S S S ππ∆=-⋅⋅-⋅⋅-阴影扇形15.老师问班上50名同学周末复习情况，结果有20人复习过数学，30人复习过语文，6人复习过英语，且同时复习过数学和语文的有10人，同时复习过语文和英语的有2人，同时复习过英语和数学的有3人.若同时复习过这三门课的人为0，则没有复习过这三门课程的学生人数为（）（A ）7 （B ）8 （C ）9 （D ）10 （E ）11 【答案】C 【详解】复习数学的看做A ，复习语文的看做B ，复习英语的看做C ，复习数学和语文的看做AB ，复习数学和英语的看做AC ，复习语文和英语的看做BC ，全部都复习的没有，三科全部都没有复习的看做D ，因此列式为：502030610239A B C AB AC BC D D D Ω=++---+→=++---+→= 二．条件充分性判断：第16-25小题，每小题3分，共30分。

2017年武汉大学考研教育学综合(中国教育史部分)真题试卷(题后含

2017年武汉大学考研教育学综合（中国教育史部分）真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 3. 简答题6. 名词解释简答题1．简述孔子“学而优则仕”的教育主张。

正确答案：从平民中培养德才兼备的从政君子这一培育人才的路线概括为“学而优则仕”。

这话由子夏所说，也代表了孔子的观点。

“学而优则仕”包含多方面的意思：学习是通向做官的途径，培养官员是教育最主要的目的，“学而优则仕”与“任人唯贤”的路线配合一致，把读书和做官紧密联合在一起，成为封建统治者维护统治和笼络人才的手段。

意义：它反映了封建制兴起时的社会需要，成为知识分子学习的动力，为封建官僚制度的建立准备条件，适应社会发展的要求，直到现在在我国还有实际意义。

2．简述韩愈的《师说》的教道观。

正确答案：韩愈《师说》中指出，“师者，所以传道授业解惑也”。

“传道”是教师的首位任务。

这样做，既是对儒家重视道德教育的一贯传统的继承，也是针对当时儒道衰落、佛老兴盛而必须奋起振兴儒道的蓉观现实提出的要求。

“授业”，就是要向学生讲解传授儒家“五经”和“六艺”等方面的知识技能。

这是推行儒家政治理想、贯彻入世原则，献身社会和国家所必需的。

“解惑”，韩愈主张开拓创新，培养学生独立思考、标新立异的意识和能力。

因此，韩愈认为，教师在教学中的作用主要在于指导学生学习，解答学生在学习“道”和“业”的过程中所提出来的各种疑难问题，启发学生的思维。

韩愈肯定了教学是一种双向、互动的活动，在当时是非常了不起的思想解放。

“解惑”，与其说是对教师“教”的要求，不如说是对学生“学”的要求，即要求学生在学习过程中要积极思考，善于提出自己的观点，要敢于且勤于置疑，不要对教师所授“听而不疑，信而不问”，把自己变成知识的接收器。

作为一代教育理论家和教育实践家，韩愈在长期的教育实践中，总结出了一套行之有效的教学方法，既吸收了前人的观点，又有自己的创新。

名词解释3．稷下学宫。

正确答案：稷下学宫：稷下学宫是战国时代齐国一所著名的学府，因齐国的君主将其设在都城临淄的稷门附近地区而得名。

2017年武汉大学考博英语真题及答案

2017年武汉大学考博英语真题及答案注意：所有的答题内容必须写在答案纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。

Part I Reading Comprehension (2’×20 = 40 points)Directions: In this part of the test, there will be 5 passages for you to read. Each passage is followed by 4 questions or unfinished statements, and each question or unfinished statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. You are to decide on the best choice by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneMr Gordon is right that the second industrial revolution involved never-to-be-repeated changes. But that does not mean that driverless cars count for nothing. Messrs Erixon and Weigel are also right to worry about the West’s dismal recent record in producing new companies. But many old firms are not run by bureaucrats and have reinvented themselves many times over: General Electric must be on at least its ninth life. And the impact of giant new firms born in the past 20 years such as Uber, Google and Facebook should not be underestimated: they have all the Schumpeterian characteristics the authors admire.On the pessimists’ side the strongest argument relies not on closely watching corporate and investor behavior but rather on macro-level statistics on productivity. The figures from recent years are truly dismal. Karim Foda, of the Brookings Institution, calculates that labor productivity in the rich world is growing at its slowest rate since 1950. Total factor productivity (which tries to measure innovation) has grown at just 0.1% in advanced economies since 2004, well below its historical average.Optimists have two retorts. The first is that there must be something wrongwith the figures. One possibility is that they fail to count the huge consumer surplus given away free of charge on the internet. But this is unconvincing. The official figures may well be understating the impact of the internet revolution, just as they downplayed the impact of electricity and cars in the past, but they are not understating it enough to explain the recent decline in productivity growth.Another, second line of argument that the productivity revolution has only just begun is more persuasive. Over the past decade many IT companies may have focused on things that were more “fun than fundamental” in Paul Krugman’s phrase. But Silicon Valley’s best companies are certainly focusing on things that change the material world.Uber and Airbnb are bringing dramatic improvements to two large industries that have been more or less stuck for decades. Morgan Stanley estimates that driverless cars could result in $507 billion a year of productivity gains in America, mainly from people being able to stare at their laptops instead of at the road.1.What has led to the pessimistic opinion concerning the world’s economy?A.It is based on macro-level statistics on productivity.B.It is based on close observation on corporate and investor behavior.C.It is due to the fact that many old firms are not run by bureaucrats.D.It is due to the fact that not enough new firms have been created.2.The first argument on the optimists’side is unconvincing because theofficial figures.A.are both wrong and unconvincingB.downplay the internet revolutionC.fail to include the consumer surplusD.can’t explain the decline in productivity growth3.What is true about the IT companies in Silicon Valley??A.They have only focused on the fun part of life.B.They have made a difference in the real world.C.They have more persuasive productivity.D.They have only just begun to develop.4.How can driverless cars benefit American industries?A.Driverless cars have revived two large American industries.B.The sale of driverless cars can reach hundreds of billion dollars.C.Thanks to them people free from driving can do more creative work.D.Driverless cars have stimulated the development of Uber and Airbnb.Passage TwoWinston Churchill was one of the central statesmen of the 20th century and, almost 50 years after his death, remains a subject of enduring fascination. Part of the current interest in this venerable figure can be attributed to two superb biographies written in the 1980s by historian William Manchester: “The Last Lion: Visions of Glory” and “The Last Lion: Alone.” These two books examined the first two-thirds of Churchill’s life.Unfortunately, after completing the second volume, Manchester’s health declined and the rest of the project stalled. So great was public interest in the long-delayed final volume that it was the subject of a front page story in The New York Times.Eventually, in 2003, Manchester asked his friend Paul Reid to complete the trilogy. Now, nearly a decade later, Reid has published The Last Lion, the final piece of this monumental undertaking. Reid starts when Churchill was appointed prime minister in May 1940 andfollows him through his death in 1965. While most of this volume is appropriately devoted to World War II, it also includes the vast expansion of the British welfare state following the war, the start of the Cold War and the enormous dangers it carried, and the loss of the British Empire.Reid has written a thorough and complete analysis of these years, and it is a worthy finale to the first two volumes. Exhaustively researched and carefully written, it draws on a full range of primary and secondary materials. This book will be essential reading for those who enjoyed the first two volumes and those with a deep interest in understanding this seminal figure and his place in history.Reid does a wonderful job of capturing Churchill in all his complexity. He gives Churchill great praise for his personal courage and inspirational leadership during the dark days when Britain stood alone, but he is equally clear about Churchill’s poor strategic judgments, such as the efforts to defend Greece and Crete, the Allied assault on Anzio, and the decision to send the battleship Prince of Wales and battle cruiser Repulse to the South China Sea without adequate air cover where they were promptly sunk by the Japanese.He highlights Churchill’s naiveté in dealing with Soviet Premier Stalin in the early years of the war, but praises his prescience in anticipating Stalin’s land grab in Eastern Europe at the end of the conflict. Reid also gives welcome attention to aspects of the war ― such as Churchill’s fear that the United States might decide to put its primary emphasis on defeating Japan regardless of the “Germany first”understanding he shared with Roosevelt that have received little attention in other books.5.What can be known about the two biographies of Churchill?A.They were written in an interesting style.B.They were written prior to Churchill’s death.C.They are mainly written from a historical point of view.D.They have helped intrigue the readers over a long period.6.Why did the biography once become a front page story in The New York Times?A.People were looking forward to the publication of the final volume.B.Readers were angry with the author for the delay of the final volume.C.The publication of the final volume was then a heatedly discussed issue.D.Readers wanted to know who would be the new author of the final volume.7.Why does the third volume prove to be worthy?A.It is widely read and welcomed by readers.B.It involves enough details in Churchill’s life.C.It is based on thorough and reliable research.D.It offers a unique understanding of Churchill.8.What can we know about Churchill through the third volume?A.He is a man with complexity.B.He pulled Britain through WWII.C.He made many strategic mistakes.D.He is courageous and inspirational.Passage ThreeAsteroids and comets that repeatedly smashed into the early Earth covered the planet’s surface with molten rock during its earliest days, but still may have left oases of water that could have supported the evolution of life, scientists say. The new study reveals that during the planet’s infancy, the surface of the Earth was a hellish environment, but perhaps not as hellish as often thought, scientists added.Earth formed about 4.5 billion years ago. The first 500 million years of its life are known as the Hadean Eon. Although this time amounts to more than 10 percent of Earth’s history, little is known about it, since few rocks are known that are older than 3.8 billion years old.For much of the Hadean, Earth and its sister worlds in the inner solar system were pummeled with an extraordinary number of cosmic impacts. “It was thought that because of these asteroids and comets flying around colliding with Earth, conditions on early Earth may have been hellish,”said lead study author Simone Marchi, a planetary scientist at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colorado. This imagined hellishness gave the eon its name — Hadean comes from Hades, the lord of the underworld in Greek mythology.However, in the past dozen years or so, a radically different picture of the Hadean began to emerge. Analysis of minerals trapped within microscopic zircon crystals dating from this econ “suggested that there was liquid water on the surface of the Earth back then, clashing with the previous picture that the Hadean was hellish,” Marchi said. This could explain why the evidence of the earliest life on Earth appears during the Hadean — maybe the planet was less inhospitable during that eon than previously thought.The exact timing and magnitude of the impacts that smashed Earth during the Hadean are unknown. To get an idea of the effects of this bombardment, Machi and his colleagues looked at the moon, whose heavily cratered surface helped model the battering that its close neighbor Earth must have experienced back then.“We also looked at highly siderophile elements (elements that bind tightly to iron), such as gold, delivered to Earth as a result of these early collisions, and the amounts of these elements tells us the total mass accreted by Earth as the results of these collisions,” Marchi said. Prior research suggests these impacts probably contributed less than 0.5 percent of the Earth’s present-day mass.The researchers discovered that “the surface of the Earth during the Hadean was heavily affected by very large collisions, by impactors [ɪm'pæktə] larger than 100 kilometers (60 miles) or so — really, really big impactors,’ Marchi said. “When Earth has a collision with an object that big, that melts a large volume of the Earth’s crust and mantle, covering a large fraction of the surface,”Marchi added. These findings suggest that Earth’s surface was buried over and over again by large volumes of molten rock — enough to cover the surface of the Earth several times. This helps explain why so few rock survive from the Hadean, the researchers said.9.Why is little known about the Earth’s first 500 million years?A.Because it is an imagined period of time.B.Because this period is of little significance.C.Because it is impossible to know about this period.D.Because no rocks are available as research evidence.10.Why is the early Earth imagined to be hellish?A.Because it was often smashed by asteroids and comets.B.Because back then Hades, the lord of Hell, resigned.C.Because it was so according to Greek mythology.D.Because back then there was no life.11.Why was the early Earth in fact less inhospitable than often thought?A.Because minerals of the Hadean have been found suggesting the existenceof life.B.Because the clashing brought by asteroids and comets was not completelydamaging.C.Because during the Hadean there already existed the evidence of life.D.Because there had already been liquid water on the Earth back then.12.How can the moon help with the understanding of the impacts that smashed theEarth?A.The moon once smashed into the Earth too.B.The moon was battered earlier than the Earth.C.The moon, as a close neighbor, is easier to observe.D.The moon’s surface is heavily cratered as the Earth’s.Passage FourFrom beach balls, pool toys, and jump houses, inflatable technology takes a big step forward for its next frontier: space station. A new kind of tech will be aboard Space X’s eighth supply mission to the International Space Station (ISS). A compressed living module will be delivered and attached to the station where, in the void of space, it will expand into a new habitat for astronauts.Designed by Bigelow Aerospace, the inflatable space habitat is one area NASAis exploring for potential deep space habitats and other advanced space missions.“The ‘Bigelow Expandable Activity Module,’or the BEAM, is an expandable habitat that will be used to investigate technology and understand the potential benefits of such habitats for human missions to deep space,” NASA Administrator Charles Bolden wrote in a blog post.The habitats could be a way to “dramatically increase” the space available for astronauts while also offering added protection from the dangers of space, like radiation and space debris, the NASA press release says.But how is an inflatable space station supposed to be a viable means of housing for space travelers? BEAMs are far more than balloon-like rooms where astronauts can take asylum. Technically, the modules don’t inflate ―they expand, according to the company. And beyond just air, the habitats are reinforced with an internal metal structure. The outside is composed of multiple layers of material including things like rubber and kevlar to protect from any speeding debris.Inside SpaceX’s Dragon spacecraft on the way to the ISS, the BEAM will be approximately 8 feet in diameter. It will expand once deployed in space to offer 565 cubic feet of space for astronauts. “It’ll be the first time human beings will actually step inside this expandable habitat in space,”former astronaut George Zamka, who has worked for Bigelow Aerospace, told USA Today. “There won’t be this sense of it being like a balloon.”But astronauts won’t be getting inside the module for some time yet. The BEAM will be attached to the Tranquility Node and deployed. Inside the module are a series of tools that will help the crew of the ISS monitor different aspects of the expandable area to see how it acts in space. The crew will watch heat, radiation, orbital debris, and provide information about the viability of using similar modules in the future.The testing is scheduled to go on for a two-year time period, after which the module will be released and burn up in the atmosphere. NASA’s partnership with Bigelow fits Mr. Bolden’s desire to help grow a robustprivate sector industry to commercialize aspects of space ― a process he sees as vital if humans want to reach farther cosmic destinations. “The world of low Earth orbit belongs to industry,”Bolden said at a press conference in January 2015.13.What is special about the new living module on SpaceX’s eighth mission toISS?A)It is expandable. C) It is going to deep space.B)It looks like a toy. D) It will not return to Earth.14.What is the purpose of designing the inflatable space habitat?.A.It is to find out its potential capacity.B.It is to give a try on a new technology.C.It is to save time and money in production.D.It is to see if it can be applied in deep space.15.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 mean?A.The habitat will not be a balloon-like room.B.The habitat will not feel like a balloon.C.The habitat will be like a senseless balloon.D.The habitat will be a different kind of balloon.16.Why does NASA intend to commercialize aspects of space?A.It can save NASA time and energy.B.It is necessary for a robust industry.C.It is crucial for further space explorations.D.It meets both NASA’s and Bigelow’s needs.Passage FiveOf all the people on my holiday shopping list, there was one little boy for whom buying a gift had become increasingly difficult. He’s a wonderful child, adorable and loving, and he’s not fussy or irritable or spoiled. Though he lives across the country from me, I receive regular updates and photos, and he likes all the things that the boys his age want to play with. Shopping for him should be easy, but I find it hard to summon up any enthusiasm, because in all the years I’ve given him presents, he never once sent me a thank-you note.“Sending thank-you notes is becoming a lost art,”mourns Mary Mitchell, a syndicated columnist known as “Ms. Demeanor”and author of six etiquette books. In her view, each generation, compared with the one before, is losing a sense of consideration for other people. “Without respect,” she says, “you have conflict.”Ms. Demeanor would be proud of me: I have figured out a way to ensure that my children always send thank-you notes. And such a gesture is important, says Ms. Demeanor, because “a grateful attitude is a tremendous life skill, an efficient and inexpensive way to set ourselves apart in the work force and in our adult lives. Teach your children that the habit of manners comes from inside ― it’s an attitude based on respecting other people.”A few years ago, as my children descended like piranhas on their presents under the Christmas tree, the only attitude I could see was greed. Where was the appreciation of time and effort?A thank-you note should contain three things: an acknowledgement of the gift (Love the tie with the picture of a hose on it); a recognition of the time and effort spent to select it (You must have shopped all over the state to find such a unique item!); a prediction of how you will use your gift or the way ithas enhanced your life (I’ll be sure to wear it to the next Mr. Ed convention!).So, five years ago, in one of my rare flashes of parental insight, I decided that the most appropriate time to teach this basic courtesy is while the tinsel is hot. To the horror of my children, I announced that henceforth every gift received will be an occasion for a thank-you note written immediately, on the spot. I have explained to my kids how I have reacted to not hearing from the little boy ― how it made me fell unappreciated and unmotivated to repeat the process next year.I have reluctantly given my kids the green light to send e-mail thank-you notes; though hand-lettered ones (at least to me) still seem friendlier. But pretty much any thank-you makes the gift giver feel special ―just as, we hope, the recipient feels. It’s a gesture that perfectly captures the spirit of the holidays.17.The author felt unmotivated when buying a gift for the little boy because he.A.purposely intended not to show gratitude for her kindness andconsiderationB.had never expressed appreciation of the gifts he received in previousyears.C.had no idea how thoughtful she was in choosing a gift for himD.didn’t like any of the gift she had given him18.According to Ms. Demeanor, showing appreciation has the benefit of .A.forming the habit of good mannersB.regaining the lost art of expressing thanksC.motivating the gift giver to buy more giftsD.distinguishing oneself from others in work and life19.In a thank-you note, “The book will be my good companion when I am alone”serves as.A. a recognition of the time and effort spent to select itB.an announcement of how it has enhanced your lifeC. a prediction of how you will use your giftD.an acknowledgement of the gift20.What does the author mean by “while the tinsel is hot (Line 2, Para. 6)?A.The moment her kids receive a gift.B.The moment she starts choosing gifts for each kid.C.When the art of sending thank-you notes isn’t lost yet.D.When her kids still remember who bought the gifts for them.Part II English-Chinese Translation (5’×4 = 20 points)Directions: Read the following passage, and then translate the underlined parts numbered from (1) to (4), from English into Chinese. Please write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.Economics is no different. Supply, demand, elasticity, comparative advantage, consumer surplus, deadweight loss--these terms are part of the economist’slanguage. In the coming chapters, you will encounter many new terms and some familiar words that economists use in specialized ways.(1)At first, this new language may seem needlessly arcane. But, as you will see, its value lies in itsability to provide you a new and useful way of thinking about the world in which you live.Economists try to address their subject with a scientist’s objectivity. They approach the study of the economy in much the same way as a physicist approaches the study of matter and a biologist approaches the study of life: (2)They devise theories, collect data, and then analyze thesedata in an attempt to verify or refute their theories.To beginners, it can seem odd to claim that economics is a science. After all, economists do not work with test tubes or telescopes. (3)The essence of science, however, is the scientificmethods--the dispassionate development and testing of theories about how the world works.This method of inquiry is as applicable to studying a nation’s economy asit is to studying the earth’s gravity or a species’ evolution. (4)As Albert Einstein once put it, “The whole of science isnothing more than the refinement of everyday thinking.”(225words)Part II Chinese-English Translation (20 points)Directions: Translate the following paragraph from Chinese into English. Please write youranswer on the ANSWER SHEET.为了寻找实验室试验的替代品，经济学家十分关注历史所提供的自然实验。

武汉大学综合知识2006年硕士研究生入学考试试题及解析

综合知识2006年硕士研究生入学考试试题及解析一、名词解释1、经济人假设：作为一个人，无论他处于什么地位，其人的本性都是一样的，都以追求个人利益使个人利益最大化作为最基本的动机，亦即假定人都具有经济人的特点。

公共选择理论的基本特点就是以经济人假定为分析武器，从而对政府工作的低效率和政府失败进行了分析并对政府的失败提出了政策的补救。

2、例外原则：企业的高级管理人员把一般的日常事务授权给下级管理人员去处理，而自己只保留对例外事项（即重要事项）的决策和监督权，如有关企业重大政策的决定和重要人士任免等。

泰勒在《工场管理》一书之中对此做过阐述。

他说在例外原则下，经理只接受有关超出常规和标准的所有例外情况的报告，以便使他有时间得以考虑大政方针并研究在他手下的重要人员的性格和合适性。

这种以例外原则为依据的管理控制原则以后发展成为管理上的分权化原则和实现事业部制等管理体制。

3、官僚制：在汉语中通常指低效率，政府行政活动中的问题和弊端，而韦伯的“官僚制”是指一种分部——分层、集权——统一、指挥——服从等为特征的组织形态，亦即现代社会实施合法统治的行政组织，是以法理权威为基础的，具有专业化功能和固定的规章制度，设科分层的现代社会所特有的组织制度和管理形式。

韦伯认为，从纯技术的观点来看，“官僚制”是效率最高的组织形式，它是一种高度理性化的组织结构的“理想类型”。

具有如下特征：合理的分工。

层级节制的权力体系。

依照规程办事的运作机制形式正规的决策文书组织管理的非人格化。

适应工作需要的专业培训机制。

合理合法的人事行政制度。

4、头脑风暴法：最初由美国广告专家奥斯本发明公开的，简单的说这种方法是一种用会议的形式求取方案的办法。

包括如下部分：①会议的组织。

采用“头脑风暴法”求取方案的会议，参加的人数一般6—10人，这些人员都是对决策问题感兴趣并且具有专业知识。

对决策问题要进行细分，使参加者一目了然，问题越细、越具体越简单就越宜采用这种方法。

2017年武汉大学各专业初试真题汇总

2017年武汉大学各专业初试真题汇总考研真题的重要性不言而喻，武汉大学每年的专业课真题重复率都很高，有些知识点是会反复考察，考生结合真题可以熟悉考试内容，掌握命题规律，并通过真题来监测自己复习效果，甚至通过真题来预测考试内容，以下是东湖武大考研网整理收集的2017年武汉大学各专业初试真题汇总，这只是部分真题，更多完整版的历年真题，请登录东湖武大考研网上查找。

如果考生有其他疑问，可以来信官网右侧的咨询老师。

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2017考研管理类联考综合能力真题及答案

2017考研管理类联考综合能力真题及答案一、问题求解（本大题共 5 小题，每小题 3 分，共 45 分）下列每题给出 5 个选项中，只有一个是符合要求的，请在答题卡上将所选择的字母涂黑。

1、甲从1、2、3中抽取一个数，记为 a ；乙从1、2、3、4中抽取一个数，记为b ，规定当 a b 或者 a 1 b 时甲获胜，则甲取胜的概率为（）（A）1（B）1（C）1（D）5（E）1 6 4 3 12 2【答案】E【解析】穷举法：满足 a b 的有（2,1）（3,1）（3,2）；满足 a 1 b 的有（1,3）（1,4）（2,4）；共六组，因此概率为364122、已知ABC 和A' B'C'满足 AB : A' B' AC : AC' ' 2 : 3, A A',则ABC 和A' B'C'的面积比为（）:2 3 （B）: （C） 2 : 3 （D） 2 : 5（A） 3 5 （E）4 : 9【答案】E【解析】特值法：假设 AB AC 2, A' B ' A'C '3, A A'2，则S : S '122 2 :1233 4 : 93、将 6 人分成 3 组，每组 2 人，则不同的分组方式共有（（A）12 （B）15 （C） 30 （D） 45 【答案】B ）（E） 90【解析】分组分配：均匀分组，注意消序C2C 2 C 26 4 215 A 3 34、甲、乙、丙三人每轮各投篮 10 次，投了三轮，投中数如下表：第一轮第二轮第三轮甲258乙52 5丙849记 1, 2 , 3 分别为甲、乙、丙投中数的方差，则（）（A ） 1 2 3（B ） 1 3 2 （C ） 2 1 3 （D ）23 1 （E ） 3 2 1【答案】B【解析】计算方差、比较大小=5， 2 525 528 526 x甲 1 3=4， 5 422 425 422x 乙 23x =7，14 3 8 7 2 4 7 29 7 2丙 3 3因此， 1 32 5、将长、宽、高分别为 12、9、6 的长方体切割成正方体，且切割后无剩余，则能切割成相同正方体的最少个数为（）（A） 3 （B） 6 （C） 24 （D） 96 （E） 648 【答案】C【详解】正方体的棱长应是长方体棱长的公约数，想要正方体最少，则找最大公约数即 3，因此得到的正方体个数为12 9 6243 336、某品牌电冰箱连续两次降价10% 后的售价是降价前的（）（A） 80% （B） 81% （C） 82% （D） 83% （E） 85% 【答案】B【详解】假设降价前是 1，则降价后为1110%110% 81%7、甲、乙、丙三种货车载重量成等差数列，2 辆甲种车和 1 辆乙种车的载重量为 95 吨，1 辆甲种车和 3 辆丙种车载重量为 150 吨，则甲、乙、丙分别各一辆车一次最多运送货物为（）（A）125. （B）120. （C）115. （D）110. （E）105.【答案】E【解析】设甲乙丙分别载重量为 a,b, c ，由题得2b a c2a b 95 3a 3c b 7b 245 b 35 ，因此所求 a b c 3b 1058、张老师到一所中学进行招生咨询，上午接到了 45 名同学的咨询，其中的 9 位同学下午又咨询了张老师，占张老师下午咨询学生的 10%，一天中向张老师咨询的学生人数为（）（A）81. （B）90. （C）115. （D）126. （E）135.【答案】D【解析】上午咨询的老师为 45 名，下午咨询的老师共 90 名，其中 9 名学生上午和下午都咨询了，因此学生总数为 45+90-9=1269、某种机器人可搜索到的区域是半径为 1 米的圆，若该机器人沿直线行走 10 米，则其搜索出的区域的面积（单位：平方米）为（）（A）10 . （B）10 . （C） 20. （D） 20 . （E）10 .2 2 【答案】D【解析】如图，机器人走过的区域为：因此面积是长方形加一个圆： 210 12 2010、不等式x1x 2的解集为（）（A） (,1] . （B）(, 3 ] . （C）[1,3 ] .（D）[1,) . （E）[3 ,) .22 2【答案】B【解析】x 1 x 2x 12 xx 2 x 12 xx 3211、在 1 到 100 之间，能被 9 整除的整数的平均值是（）（A）27 （B）36 （C）45 （D）54 （E）63【答案】D【详解】考查整除，1 9k 100 1 k 11，9 的倍数有 9,18,27，…，99，这些数值的平均数为9 9911 5421112、某试卷由 15 道选择题组成，每道题有 4 个选项，其中只有一项是符合试题要求的，甲有 6 道题是能确定正确选项，有 5 道能排除 2 个错误选项，有 4 道能排除 1 个错误选项，若从每题排除后剩余的选项中选一个作为答案，则甲得满分的概率为（）1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 5 1 3 5（A）（B）（C）（D）（E）24 525 425 4244 2443 3 3【答案】B【详解】5 道题可排除 2 个错误选项，因此答对每题的概率为12，5 道题目全部做对的概率为1 1 ；4 道题目可排除 1 个错误选项，因此答对每题的概率为，25 34 道题目全部做对的概率为1，因此概率为1 1 425 4 3 313.某公司用 1 万元购买了价格分别为 1750 和 950 的甲、乙两种办公设备，则购买的甲、乙办公设备的件数分别为（）（A）3,5（B）5,3（C）4,4（D）2,6（E）6,2【答案】A【详解】考查不定方程，设甲种办公设备为 x，乙种办公设备为 y，列方程为1750x 950 y 10000 35x19 y 200 ，系数中有 5 直接看个位，35x 的个位必为 0 或者 5，由于 19y 的个位不为 0，因此19y 的个位为 5，那么 35x 的个位必为 5，因此 y=5，x=314.如图，在扇形 AOB 中，AOB ,OA 1 , AC垂直于OB ,则阴影部分的面4积为（）1 1 1 1 1（A）- （B）- （C）- （D）- （E）-8 4 4 88 4 8 4 2 4【答案】A【详解】S阴影 S扇形 S OCA=181212112 = 81415.老师问班上 50 名同学周末复习情况，结果有 20 人复习过数学，30 人复习过语文，6 人复习过英语，且同时复习过数学和语文的有 10 人，同时复习过语文和英语的有 2 人，同时复习过英语和数学的有 3 人.若同时复习过这三门课的人为 0，则没有复习过这三门课程的学生人数为（）（A）7 （B）8 （C）9 （D）10 （E）11【答案】C【详解】复习数学的看做 A，复习语文的看做 B，复习英语的看做 C，复习数学和语文的看做AB，复习数学和英语的看做 AC，复习语文和英语的看做 BC，全部都复习的没有，三科全部都没有复习的看做 D，因此列式为：A B C AB AC BC D 50203061023 D D 9二．条件充分性判断：第 16-25 小题，每小题 3 分，共 30 分。

武汉大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试(新闻传播)专硕真题

武汉大学2017年硕士研究生入学考试（新闻传播）专硕真题
专硕334专业综合能力
一、辨析题
1.传播以及传受双方建立理解的前提是传受双方必须有共通的意义空间，对传播过程中所使用的符号又共通的理解。

但传播者的符号化过程与接收者的符号解读过程是两个独立的过程，难以形成对符号意义的共识。

因此，传受双方的误解是不可避免的。

请辨析这一观点。

2.所谓大众媒介，指的是利用特定的技术手段面向不确定的大规模人群进行传播的媒介。

网络媒体常常被用来建立人与人之间的传播关系，因此，网络媒体不是大众媒体。

请辨析这一观点。

二、论述题
新京报停刊，关于纸媒发展的两种设想:（1）融合发展（2）纸媒消亡。

结合媒介发展史，谈谈你对媒介形态演变与变化的思考。

三、分析题
1.魏则西事件为背景，分析伪信息传播的动因、社会影响及应对之策。

2.结合国内和国际报道中都存在媒介内容的偏见问题(女性、农村、发展中国家)，谈谈你对媒介偏见的理解。

专硕440专业基础（新闻方向）
一、名词解释
1.新闻价值
2.新闻线索
3.传播符号
4.议程设置
5.网络传播
二、简答题
1.为什么说新闻真实性是新闻的生命，新鲜性是新闻的灵魂？
2.新闻采访策划的方法和作用。

三、论述题
1.大数据时代，财经新闻报道的数据如何更形象化和生动化？
2.媒介融合下新闻真实性的形态如何变化？
四、业务题
1.围绕一则关于北京电信诈骗的材料，写一篇500字的评论。

2.将上述材料改写成消息。