Relationship between rheological manufacturing process and optical performance of optical fiber
人与动物的关系英语作文
The relationship between humans and animals is a complex and multifaceted one, deeply rooted in our history and culture.Here are some key aspects to consider when discussing this topic in an English essay:1.Coexistence:Humans and animals have coexisted for millennia,with animals playing various roles in human societies,from companionship to work and food sources.2.Domestication:The domestication of animals like dogs,cats,horses,and cows has allowed for a symbiotic relationship where animals provide services such as protection, transportation,and labor,while humans provide care and sustenance.3.Cultural Significance:Animals have held significant roles in various cultures,often symbolizing different traits or beliefs.For example,in ancient Egypt,cats were revered for their protective qualities,while in Chinese culture,the dragon represents power and good fortune.4.Ecological Impact:The relationship between humans and animals is also ecological, with humans often impacting animal habitats and populations through activities such as deforestation,pollution,and hunting.5.Conservation Efforts:As awareness of the importance of biodiversity has grown,so too has the effort to conserve endangered species and their habitats.This includes the establishment of wildlife reserves and the implementation of laws to protect animals from exploitation.6.Ethical Considerations:The ethical treatment of animals has become a prominent issue, with debates surrounding animal rights,the use of animals for research,and the conditions in which they are kept in farms and zoos.7.Economic Value:Animals contribute significantly to the economy through industries such as agriculture,fishing,and tourism.However,this often leads to conflicts between economic interests and the welfare of animals.cational Role:Animals play a crucial role in education,teaching children about the natural world and fostering a sense of responsibility towards the environment.9.Emotional Bond:The emotional bond between humans and their pets is welldocumented,with pets providing companionship,reducing stress,and improving mental health.10.Future Challenges:As the human population grows and urbanization increases,the relationship between humans and animals will continue to evolve,presenting new challenges and opportunities for coexistence.When writing an essay on this topic,its important to explore these themes in depth, providing examples and evidence to support your arguments.Consider the historical context,current issues,and potential future developments in the relationship between humans and animals.。
组织变革担当的影响因素和效果探析-组织行为学论文-社会学论文
组织变革担当的影响因素和效果探析-组织行为学论文-社会学论文——文章均为WORD文档，下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印——摘要：变革担当是指员工自愿付出建设性努力来发起组织功能性变革, 以便在自己的岗位、部门或组织情境中更加有效地开展工作。
文章介绍了变革担当的概念、测量以及前因后效。
其中前因包括个体因素(如前瞻性人格、组织支持感、积极情绪等) 和情境因素(如工作自主性、管理开放性、创新氛围等) 两大类, 后效主要有工作绩效评价、工作态度和变革型领导知觉等。
未来的研究需要进一步完善测量工具、考察组织外部因素的影响、检验影响后效的其他调节因素以及探讨领导者的变革担当行为。
关键词：组织公民行为; 挑战行为; 变革担当; 影响因素; 影响效果;Abstract：In recent years, change-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) have received a great deal of attention from scholars in the field of managerial psychology. There has been growingemphasis on extra-role behavior or employee behavior that goes beyond role expectations in the organizational behavior literature. Scholars have argued that this phenomenon is critical for organizational effectiveness because managers cannot fully anticipate the activities that they may desire or need employees to perform. Although these extra-role activities are important, they are not sufficient for ensuring the continued viability of an organization, and organizations also need employees who are willing to challenge the present state of operations to bring about constructive changes. Hence, in this study, we focus on a form of extra-role behavior that has been largely neglected, namely taking charge.Taking charge refers to voluntary and constructive efforts by individual employees to affect organizationally functional change with respect to how work is executed within the contexts of their jobs, work units, or organizations. This paper introduced taking charges definition, measurement, and relationships with relevant variables, and then summarized the antecedents and consequences of such behavior. Taking charge is conceptually distinct from these more traditional forms of extra-role behavior, such as OCB, models that have been advanced to explain those behaviors are inappropriate for explaining taking charge, and scholars suggest that it is motivated by factors that have not previously been studied in the context of these more traditional forms of extra-role behavior. Taking charge may be viewed as threatening bypeers or supervisors. Thus, an employee who is trying to bring about improvement may actually incite disharmony and tension that will detract from performance.The factors that positively affect taking charge can be classified into two categories: (1) Individual-level factors, such as proactive personality, perceived organizational support and positive emotions; and (2) Contextual factors, such as job autonomy, management openness, and innovative climate. The consequences of taking charge that past research has examined include in-role performance evaluation, job satisfactory, affective commitment, and perception of transformational leadership. Finally, the paper recommends that future research should focus particularly on the following four aspects: (1) Improving the measurement of taking charge;(2) Examining the impact of factors outside the organizations (e.g., environment dynamism and industry competition) ; (3) Investigating more contingencies that moderate the consequences of taking charge, and (4) exploring the issue of leader taking charge in Chinese organizational context.This study expands current understanding of extra-role behavior and suggests ways in which organizations can motivate employees to go beyond the boundaries of their jobs to bring about positive changes. Despite a growing body of work in this area, existing research has provided a limited view of extra-role behavior by neglecting activities aimed at changing the status quo. We provideinsight into more challenging, risky and effortful forms of discretionary employee behavior. It thereby broadens current conceptualizations of extra-role behaviors within organizations, going beyond the more mundane cooperative and helping behaviors that have been the focus of the existing research.Keyword：organizational citizenship behavior; challenging behavior; taking charge; antecedents; consequences;1、前言长期以来, 组织行为学领域的学者对组织公民行为及其前因与后效一直保持着极大的研究热情。
2024广东中考英语三轮冲刺 语篇组合训练十三(课件)
D. 隔阂
( D )3.
创新考点·跨学科知识What's the
relationship between the average IQ score of one generation(y)
and that of his older generation(x)?
A. y＝x＋20 B. y＝20x C. y＝x－20%x D. y＝x, however, are not common. But your parents are right if they think you are smarter than them. Most children are born smarter than their parents. This has been proved(证明) on IQ tests around the world recently. These tests have shown that over the last 100 years, each new generation has become smarter than the older one. In other words, you are smarter than your parents and your parents are smarter than your grandparents.
1. The IQ tests around the world recently show that ___D_____.
A. natural geniuses are easy to be found
B. most children are born with a high IQ
C. children's ability surprises their parents
《人的动机理论》（Thetheoryofhumanmotivation）
《人的动机理论》（The theory of human motivation）Error and amendment of Maslow's theory of human motivationMaslow "s theory of motivation" error correction and its author: a remarkable feature of hatred within distinguish man from the lower animal, is relative to the objective needs of animal has more forms and more levels of. However, what caused the difference between humans and animals? How should the level of human needs be objectively divided? What is the logical relationship between the hierarchy of needs? Obviously, the solution of these problems is of great significance for revealing the mystery of human beings, exploring the phenomenon of human value and the law of change of motion. Many scholars (especially Maslow) have made a lot of research, and many different conclusions, but almost all of the conclusions are based on subjective experience and intuitive feeling it, without sufficient theoretical basis, its reasoning logic does not follow the strict procedure, thus unable to determine and verify its correctness. Some scholars even believe that these problems themselves are a purely subjective problem, and there is no objective and unified answer. First, the debate about the hierarchy of human needs is very different about the division of human needs. It is divided into six levels: the food and clothing needs, safety and health needs, and enjoy the aesthetic needs, belongingness and love needs, esteem needs, self-expression needs; is divided into five levels: Food and clothing needs, safety and health needs, and enjoy the aesthetic need, need, love and respect yourself some people realized; divided into four levels: physiological needs, safety and health needs, belongingness and love needs,self-expression needs; and so on, these classification methodsare lack of necessary theoretical basis. At present, people generally accepted the theory of human motivation put forward by American psychologist Maslow in 50s". He divides human needs into five levels: physiological needs, safety needs, love needs, respect needs, and self actualization needs. However, Maslow did not discuss why his division, this division method is not based on logical reasoning, more is based on their perceptual experience, lack of necessary theoretical basis, people cannot use the theory to affirm it or deny it, but according to practical experience and intuitive sense of it. It is not difficult to find, this division is the main method of different external characteristic parameters according to different needs in the process of human survival and development has (such as importance, persistence, extensive and profound) to carry out, and these differences in external characteristic parameters which can not accurately reflect the intrinsic logic relation between the various needs. Obviously, the division level must be in accordance with the need of internal factors that need to objective causes, can correctly reflect the intrinsic logic relation between the various needs, the resulting "needs theory" or "motivation theory" is objective and scientific. The author believes that human needs should be divided and divided into four levels, namely, food and clothing, health and safety, self-esteem and respect, self development and self actualization needs. This conclusion is consistent with Maslow's theory of motivation comparison, the main difference is: love need not classified as a level, to a level, with respect to need, respect need can be divided into works in the opposite direction of the two aspects of the need for self-esteem and respect need. I also think, can not be "aesthetic and enjoy" alone into a hierarchy, and because theaesthetic enjoyment is in need to be generated to meet after the emotional experience, it is not an objective need, but a subjective reflection of all forms and all levels of needs are met in all it will make people produce emotional experience and aesthetic enjoyment. Two, the theoretical basis of the division of human needs hierarchy, to know how to divide the hierarchy of needs, we must first understand the objective nature of needs. According to the theory of unified value, the objective essence of human needs is the value demanded by the human subject for the improvement of its essential force, and for the individual,In order to improve their ability to work, the value of the use of living materials requirements. Generally speaking, people's consumption of various subsistence motive is to meet various subjective desires or their subjective and objective need, is to maintain and develop their own ability to work, the objective is to direct motive potential labor itself accumulate necessary machine. Practice shows that different types of living materials satisfy people's different levels of subjective needs, and form different levels of labor potential, and serve the different levels of labor ability. Therefore, the hierarchical structure of labor ability determines the structure of labor potential, the hierarchical structure of labor potential determines the structure of life information, life information hierarchy determines the hierarchy of human needs. The ability to work can be divided into four basic levels: 1, the bio chemical reaction ability ", is based on energy metabolism rate of the main scale, reflects the ability for the use of food energy and its substitute. 2, the "individual labor ability", which is the physical, mental and physical strength, complexity and proficiency as the main scale, reflects theability of people to the nature of various physical, chemical and biological nature and strength. 3, the "social work", which is the social influence (such as power, prestige, reputation and personality etc.) as the main scale, reflects the people for social law and social power ability. 4, the "ideal labor ability", which is the force of faith (such as religious belief, outlook on life and world view) as the main scale, reflects the people for social progress and the law of human development and power control ability. According to the four different levels of labor ability, labor potential can be divided into four basic types, means of subsistence is correspondingly divided into four basic types, the subjective need is accordingly divided into four basic levels. Three, the four basic types of labor potential (I) physiological labor potential. The part of labor potential that is used to maintain and develop people's "biochemical reaction ability" is called "physiological labor potential". All human activities are based on the basic biochemical reactions, and only with the basic biochemical reaction ability, people can have more advanced behavior and thinking ability. Biochemical reactions in organisms can exhibit organisms for external energy exchange, is the biological chemical reaction can use total quantity to describe energy metabolism, biochemical reaction ability can be used to describe the energy metabolism rate. The physiological potential of labor is the accumulation of people's consumption of physiological living materials (such as food, air, water, salt, clothes, etc.). The physiological data is based on the life of food energy as the core, all other non food energy in the form of physical life can be replaced by the food energy to a certain extent and compensation, physical labor potential generated can be converted into certain food energy. (two)individual labor potential. The labor potential that is used to maintain and develop the individual labor ability is called the individual labor potential. In the physiological condition of the natural environment and people in general, not all physical labor potential can eventually transformed into individual actual labor potential, this is because human life is limited, any person at any time are possible because of security reasons for health reasons inside and outside and the loss of their labor ability, failure rate is the accumulation of personal physical labor potential there will always be a certain size. The failure rate is called the failure rate of life "(failure rate or physiology), it consists of two parts: the failure rate of internal life, it is made up of individual health state to decide; the failure rate of the external life, it is the safety performance by the individual to determine the natural environment. Therefore, the objective of individual labor ability is to improve the utilization rate of biochemical reaction ability, and the objective of individual labor potential is to improve the utilization rate of physiological labor potential.The living materials used to reduce the rate of human life failure are called health related living materials; the data used to reduce the failure rate of human external life are called safe living materials. For example, nutrients, security facilities, labor protection products, comfortable clothing, aesthetic works, elegant environment can maintain and improve people's health and environmental safety performance to a certain extent. (three) socialized labor potential. The part of labor potential that is used to maintain and develop "socialized labor capacity" is called socialized laborpotential. In the general social environment, not all of the individual labor potential can eventually transformed into the social recognition of the ability to work, this is because any individual will because of some internal and external, the labor positions can not completely match with the ability to work, or can not find the release ability of labor labor post, resulting in individual labor potential part of the failure and the failure rate of the waste, the accumulation of personal individual labor potential always do not match labor jobs have a certain size. The failure rate is referred to as the "social failure rate", it consists of two parts: the internal social failure rate, it is made up of individual preference for society to decide, depends on the size of the love and respect of others or the society; the external social failure rate, it is by choice Society for the individual to decide, depends on the size of the society for love and respect for the individual level. If a person has a higher degree of love and respect for society or others, he will be on every possible occasion actively for the society or others to contribute their strength, consciously put all their individual needs and social labor potential or others combine to achieve his best choice of labor jobs. In order to make the individual labor potential as much as possible into the society or others useful labor; if society has a higher degree of love and respect for the people, will provide jobs for him in all possible conditions, provide favorable conditions for his playing ability and cleverness, combine to make all of his individual labor potential as much as possible needs or the needs of others and the society, the individual labor potential as much as possible into social recognition Work ability. Therefore, the objective purpose of socialized labor ability is to improve the utilization rate of individuallabor capacity, and the objective objective of social labor potential is to improve the utilization rate of individual labor potential. The living materials used to reduce the internal social failure rate of people are called self esteem living materials; the living materials used to reduce the external social failure rate of human beings are called the life data of human dignity. For example, certificates, bonuses, honors, job titles, titles, etc., can reflect and change the respect for the individual to a certain extent, and can meet the needs of people for respect and respect. (four) ideal labor potential. The part of labor potential that is used to maintain and develop "idealized labor capacity" is called idealized labor potential. In the general social and historical conditions, not all of the social labor potential can eventually transformed into useful for the survival and development of human labor ability, really for human progress and social development, this is because any society will exist various social ills in any historical period, such as corruption, rigid thinking, unfair distribution, these social ills will guide social labor potential investment unreasonable production and consumption caused by the loss and waste, the reasons for internal and external social association, part of the social labor potential does not comply with the development of human beings and society really need or want. There is a certain size and the failure rate, the failure rate is called the "ideal failure rate", it is by the society for the ideal goal of human choice tendency The size of the decision depends on the extent to which the actual operation of the society conforms to the ideal goal of human beings. If a person can establish a correct outlook on life, the correct belief in life,The development of human and society as their mission in life; the development direction according to the correct belief in life to establish their own pursuit of occupation and the ability to work; according to the objective need of social development to release all of their labor ability; "self" melt in the long history of human development, so he caused the society the potential loss and waste will be greatly reduced, thus forming the largest ideal labor ability. If a society can correctly understand its historical mission, to make their own social behavior in line with the objective needs of human progress and social development, is committed to the peaceful coexistence of foreign, security and stability, is committed to the development of economic construction, population control and scientific and cultural undertakings, so it caused the social labor potential loss and waste will be reduced to a minimum; on the contrary, if a wrong understanding of its historical mission, put a lot of manpower, material and financial resources to engage in foreign aggression, to engage in persecution, neglecting the development of economic construction, population control and scientific and cultural undertakings, so it caused social labor the potential loss and waste will be greatly enhanced. Therefore, the objective purpose of the ideal labor ability is to improve the utilization rate of socialized labor capacity, and the objective objective of the ideal labor potential is to improve the utilization rate of social labor potential. For the ideal labor potential means of life is called "ideal type" or "self realization" of life, it can be an external religious culture, knowledge of the humanities, can also be through the personal understanding of thinking inside the brain and the formation of the highest belief and pursuit of life. To sum up, the power of human natureis from low level to high level gradually developed to high level, the objective essential strength is in wider range, more durable, more reliable maintenance and more efficient use of low levels of essential strength. Correspondingly, the labor potential is from low level to high level gradually developed, an objective of high level labor potential is in wider range, more durable, more reliable maintenance and more efficient use of low level labor potential. Four, different hierarchy of needs logic to sum up, there are progressive logic relationship between the four hierarchy of needs: (1) whether it is from the time evolution of the whole human point of view, or from the time order of the individual growth, or from the need to meet the priority order, need is always from low level to high the level gradually developed. (2) the lower needs basis of advanced needs, the need for advanced development and sublimation lower need, is to lower the need for greater range of time and space that can make the senior need lower needs can be more reliable and more lasting satisfaction. Health and safety needs to ensure that people need to eat more reliably and more lasting satisfaction; self-esteem and respect for people to meet the needs of the class can ensure that people need of food, health and safety are more reliable, more lasting satisfaction; self realization class can ensure people to meet the needs of the the food and clothing, health and safety, self esteem and respect people need to need more reliable, more satisfied. (3) to meet the needs of the senior with lower gradually, and with the blocked lower need gradually decline, but the senior need is relatively independent to a certain extent, the specific performance: when the lower needs are fully met when suddenly, senior need not immediately formed and stabilized; when the lower needs the meeting is blocked, seniorneed not immediately disappear; sometimes the need for advanced lower needs is a reaction to a certain extent or negative effects, people tend to be able to meet the needs of the senior one, at the expense of lower need completely. For example, people sometimes sacrifice their own health and safety, even sacrifice their lives for some kind of social honor and some ethical concepts. (4) the growth of low level labor ability is strictly restricted by the physiological limit, and the higher the level of labor ability is, the weaker the physiological limit is,As a result, there is a growing trend of growth, and the growth of people's labor ability is mainly through the growth of high-level labor capacity. Therefore, the development of the minimum level of human needs is very limited, only the highest level of development and change is unlimited, the higher the level of demand, the more free space for its development and change. (5) differences in the physiological structure and function of the people is weak, and the differences in the social role and function is usually huge, so that people in the gap between low level of labor capacity is small, while in the high level of labor ability gap is huge, so it is small in the low level to the gap, and at a high level to the gap is often huge. (6) due to high level of labor capacity growth mainly depend on social forces or other forces, which requires better coordination between people and interests, and consciously with the interests of others together, so the labor ability is stronger, more consciously to become representative of the interests of others and society the interests of the "utilitarian view" will be more extensive, more consciously get rid of the temptation of self-interest, more considerate ofothers to make their own individual needs consciously consistent with social needs or the needs of others. (Chinese value theory research network: ) (next page)CThis information comes from the internet. Personal collection。
英语作文the relationship between human and nature
the relationship between human and natureThe relationship between human and nature After reading the article in our text book Is weather getting worse, I learn that despite of the increased disasters brought about by bad weather, scientists are hesitant to say the weather is getting worse for lack of strong data to prove the statement. As harsh weather happens infrequently, it is difficult for scientists to come up with enough scientifically sound statistics. Besides, even if they had good numbers, the present computer resolution is still too coarse to be able to make definite predictions. Although the hypothesis that global warming is to blame for harsh weather arouses wide attention among scientists, no one can provide enough evidence to prove it. E l Niňo is the periodic warming of the equatorial Pacific that induces storms and other climatic events, historically occurs once every three or seven years and lasts for up to two years. It can cause storms, floods, droughts, and secondary effects like fires. I also referred to some other articles about human and nature, one of which is called The Role of Animal-derived Remedies as Complementary Medicine in Brazil. In this article, they report on the use of 283 medicinal animal species in Brazil, 96% of which are wild caught and 27% of which are on one or more lists of endangered species. Further population declines may limit users’ access to these bioresources and diminish the knowledge base upon which traditional medicine is built. Though largely different, these articles lead me to think of the relationship between human and nature. I am a girl deeply in love with nature, the plants, the animals, the rivers, the mountains, and I have a date with the grassland. When I was 10 years old, I was shocked by the breath-taking beauty of the intriguing grassland on TV, hoping that one day I could ride on a fine horse gallopping across the vast plain. Now I am 20 years old and not a long time later, I will be armed with enough time and money to travel to the grassland. But I am worried. I am afraid that the grassland will disappear totally before I am able to embrace it because of human beings' cruel activity of destroying nature. It is widely known that nature, the environment which human beings live by, is magnificent and unique. There is only one earth with super living conditions in the universe. We should have cherished nature and preserved it. Conversely, however, we have been continually spoiling it, even to a shocking degree. Now let's see what we have done. Thousands of trees have been cut down per year, which has caused soil erosion. Hundreds of thousands of tons of CFCS have been left in the higher sky in the last decade which has led to the ozone layer leak above the South Pole that covers an area of that of the United States. Million tons of fuel containing nitrogen and sulphur have been consumed per year, which haseventually resulted in acid rain throughout the world. Similarly, ecology has been affected as well. And considerable number of species have been extinct. As the years go by, many creatures, common in the past, are becoming less and less, even rare. The Tibet antelope, for instance, is a good example. Since the antelopes of Tibet have a part of fur on their body which can be made into a precious cape, driven by some lawless dealers many villagers killed antelopes excessively and shocking for the large suns of fortune. Because of this, the number of the antelopes of Tibet has sharply fallen from over one million to less than one hundred thousand. And what's more, the number has now decreased by 20 thousand per year. Qing Zang Platean, which was their homeland, is their tombs now. This is how nature has suffered what we have done to it. However, nature can't suffer any more. She lost her temper and could no longer possibly put up with humans. She gave humans harsh punishment, which she thought they deserved. The acid rain has caused the less of more than 100 billion dollars throughout the world per year. And because of desertisation, soil is becoming more and more barren. The soil of many planes is now until for growing plants. The air is less fresh, and a lot of people even get many strange diseases. The acid rain has caused the loss of more than 100 billion dollars throughout the world per year. And because of desertisation, soil is becoming more and more barren. The air is less fresh, and a lot of people even get many strange diseases. Those are all the punishments of nature to human's pollution. On the other hand, human being suffer a lot as well. The period from now to the year of 2080, the global average temperature will rise by 2-4 centigrades. 1100-3200 million people will have trouble in getting safe and clean drinking water. 200-600 million people will be threatened with starvation. 200-700 million residents of the coastal regions will suffer catastrophic floods and waterlogging. So it leads to a serious of questions-- Why can't we live harmoniously with nature? Why can't we set a balance between human and nature? Why can't we pay more attention to nature and try to reserve it? Therefore, before we take immediate measures to do something, we should be aware of the fact that "Conquering nature" will never be our goal, instead, we should look on nature as our intimate friend. Preserving nature is not only preserving our home, but the civilization of human community as well. My dear friends, let's do something to protect our earth, our home. Let's reserve a blue sky for the birds, a piece of ice for the polar bears, a body of water for the fish and a grassland for me to travel to.。
不同人乳头瘤病毒亚型感染与宫颈病变的相关性
·606·· 论著 ·不同人乳头瘤病毒亚型感染与宫颈病变的相关性苗野，阮强，马艳萍（中国医科大学附属盛京医院病毒研究室，沈阳 110004）摘要 目的探讨不同人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）亚型感染与宫颈病变的关系以及不同年龄患者中HPV亚型感染与宫颈病变的关系。
方法回顾性分析于中国医科大学附属盛京医院就诊的1 615例宫颈病变患者的临床资料，统计分析不同HPV亚型的感染情况及其与宫颈病变的关系；并按不同年龄分层，分析不同HPV亚型感染与宫颈病变的关系。
结果HPV16亚型阳性检出率最高，HPV58、HPV53、HPV33次之。
与宫颈病变有关的HPV亚型包括HPV16、HPV53、HPV58、HPV52、HPV42、HPV33、HPV56和HPV31。
按不同年龄分层后，发现15~30岁患者中不同级别宫颈病变与HPV45有关，31~45岁患者中不同宫颈病变与HPV33、HPV56有关，46~60岁患者中不同宫颈病变与HPV16、HPV18有关，61岁以上患者中不同宫颈病变与HPV6、HPV16及HPV33有关。
结论30岁以上的女性应定期进行HPV检测，对宫颈病变进行筛检，以加强对宫颈癌的预防。
关键词 人乳头瘤病毒；年龄分布；宫颈病变中图分类号 R711.74 文献标志码 A 文章编号 0258-4646 （2019） 07-0606-05网络出版地址 /kcms/detail/21.1227.R.20190712.1331.033.htmlDOI：10.12007/j.issn.0258‐4646.2019.07.007Relationship between Infections of Different Human Papillomavirus Genotypes andCervical LesionsMIAO Ye，RUAN Qiang，MA Yanping（Virus Research Laboratory，Shengjing Hospital，China Medical University，Shenyang 110004，China）Abstract Objective To investigate the relationships between infections of different human papillomavirus （HPV） genotypes and cervical lesions and between infections of different HPV genotypes and cervical lesions in patients of different ages. Methods A total of 1 615 patients with cervical lesions who were admitted to Shengjing Hospital，China Medical University were retrospectively analyzed. The infection status of different HPV genotypes and their relationships with different types of cervical lesions were analyzed. The relation-ships between the infections of different HPV genotypes and cervical lesions were analyzed according to age stratification. Results The positivity rate of HPV16 was the highest，followed by those of HPV58，HPV53，and HPV33. HPV genotypes related to cervical lesions in-cluded HPV16，HPV53，HPV58，HPV52，HPV42，HPV33，HPV56，and HPV31. After stratification by age，we found that different grades of cervical lesions were related to HPV45 in 15- to 30-year-old patients；to HPV33 and HPV56 in 31- to 45-year-old patients；to HPV16 and HPV18 in 46- to 60-year-old patients；and to HPV6，HPV16，and HPV33 in patients older than 61 years of age. Conclusion Women older than 30 years of age should be regularly tested for HPV and screened for cervical lesions in order to strengthen the prevention of cer-vical cancer.Keywords human papillomavirus； age distribution； cervical lesion宫颈癌是常见的妇科恶性肿瘤之一，其发病率和死亡率在世界女性肿瘤中均位居第二，仅次于乳腺癌。
老年男性血清总胆红素水平与代谢综合征患病的关系
[摘要]目的探讨分析老年男性生理范围内血清总胆红素水平与代谢综合征及其各组份患病的相关性。
方法纳入老年男性住院患者430例,其中代谢综合征组227例、非代谢综合征组203例。
同时,将所有研究对象按照所患代谢异常数量分为0项共存组、1项共存组、2项共存组、3项共存组、4项共存组5组。
记录所有研究对象的一般情况及各项指标,包括身高、体重、体质量、总胆红素、肝功能、血糖、血脂、尿酸等生化指标。
结果5组患者血清总胆红素水平的比较,结果显示5组之间差异有统计学意义(P <0.001),且两两比较后发现,两项代谢异常共存组较其他组血清总胆红素水平明显升高(P <0.05)。
血清生理范围内总胆红素水平与高脂血症、糖尿病、高血压病患病呈显著负相关(r =-0.181,-0.21,-0.155,P =0.001)。
代谢综合征及其各组份危险因素多元logistic 回归分析显示,老年男性血清生理范围内总胆红素水平与代谢综合征患病呈负相关(OR :0.943,95%CI :0.892~0.997,P =0.04);与高血压病患病呈负相关(OR :0.948,95%CI :0.940~0.999,P =0.048);与高脂血症患病呈负相关(OR :0.943,95%CI :0.898~0.991,P =0.021);与糖尿病患病呈负相关(OR :0.953,95%CI :0.909~0.998,P =0.042)。
按照血清总胆红素水平四分位数分组,发现随着总胆红素水平的升高,代谢综合征、高血压病、高脂血症及糖尿病患病比例呈逐渐下降趋势。
结论生理范围内的血清总胆红素水平低下可能是老年男性机体内的独立危险因素,且血清生理范围内总胆红素水平与代谢综合征及其组份高血压病、高脂血症及糖尿病患病呈负相关。
[关键词]总胆红素;代谢综合征;老年男性[中图分类号]R589[文献标识码]ADOI :10.3969/.issn.1674-3245.2018.03.009·论著·老年男性血清总胆红素水平与代谢综合征患病的关系狄艳琪,王茵梦,陈荣霞,柯瑟章,曹剑,刘璐,徐伟豪,范利Relationship between serum total bilirubin levels and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in elderly menDi Yanqi ,Wang Yinmeng ,Chen Rongxia ,et al(Department of Cardiology ,Nanlou Division ,Chinese PLA General Hospital ;National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases ,Beijing 100853,China )Corresponding author :Cao Jian ,E-mail :calvin301@[Abstract ]Objective To investigate the correlation between serum total bilirubin level and metabolic syndrome and itscomponents in elderly men.Methods430cases of elderly male hospitalized patients were included ,including 227cases ofmetabolic syndrome group and 203cases of non metabolic syndrome group.At the same time ,all the subjects were divided into 5groups according to the number of abnormal metabolic disorders.The general conditions and indicators of all the subjects were recorded ,including height ,body mass (BMI ),total bilirubin (TB ),liver function ,blood sugar ,blood lipids ,uric acid and other biochemical indicators.ResultsAccording to the comparison of the serum TB level between the five groups ,there is a significantdifference between the five groups (P <0.001),and the serum TB level of the two metabolic abnormalities coexist group wassignificantly increased than in other groups (P <0.05);The serum total bilirubin level was negatively correlated with hyperlipidemia ,diabetes and hypertension (r =-0.181,P =0.001;r =-0.21,P =0.001,r =-0.155,P =0.001).Metabolism syndrome risk factors multivariatelogistic regression analysis showed :elderly male serum TB level was negatively correlated with metabolism syndrome (OR :0.943,95%CI :0.892-0.997;P =0.04).Serum TB level was negatively correlated with hypertension (OR :0.948,95%CI :0.940-0.999;P =0.048).Serum TB level was negatively correlated with hyperlipidemia (OR :0.943,95%CI :0.898-0.991;P =0.021).Serum TB level wasnegatively correlated with diabetes (OR :0.953,95%CI :0.909-0.998;P =0.042).According to the four percentile of serum total bilirubin level ,it was found that the proportion of metabolic syndrome ,hypertension ,hyperlipidemia and diabetes decreased with the increased total bilirubin level.ConclusionThe low level of serum total bilirubin in physiological range may be an independent riskfactor in elderly men ,and the total bilirubin level in serum physiological range is negatively correlated with the metabolic syndromeand its components hypertension ,hyperlipidemia and diabetes.[Key words ]Total bilirubin ;Metabolic syndrome ;Elderly men基金项目:全军保健专项课题(16BJZ15)作者单位:100853北京,解放军总医院南楼心内科,国家老年疾病临床医学研究中心(狄艳琪,曹剑,刘璐,徐伟豪,范利);广东祈福医院呼吸内科(王茵梦);北京卫戍区海淀第五十一离职干部休养所(陈荣霞);福建医科大学附属漳州市医院干部病房(柯瑟章)通信作者:曹剑,E-mail :calvin301@随着经济的发展和生活方式的改变,全球代谢异常的患病率呈逐渐上升趋势,常见的代谢异常包括糖尿病、高血压病、血脂异常、肥胖(尤其是腹型肥胖)等,这些代谢异常的发生发展与心脏、肾脏、脑及外周动脉血管等靶器官损伤密切相关[1]。
人与自然的关系 英语作文
The relationship between humans and nature is a complex and multifaceted one, deeply rooted in our existence and survival.Here are some key points to consider when discussing this topic in an English essay:1.Coexistence:Human beings have always lived in harmony with nature,relying on it for food,shelter,and other resources.This coexistence has shaped our societies and cultures.2.Interdependence:The concept of interdependence highlights how humans and nature rely on each other.For example,forests provide oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide, which is essential for human life,while humans can protect and preserve these forests.3.Environmental Impact:Industrialization and urbanization have led to significant environmental changes.Deforestation,pollution,and climate change are some of the consequences of human activities that have a profound impact on the natural world.4.Conservation Efforts:Recognizing the negative effects of human activities,many conservation efforts have been initiated to protect endangered species,restore ecosystems, and promote sustainable practices.5.Sustainable Development:The idea of sustainable development seeks to balance economic growth with environmental protection.It encourages the use of renewable resources and the reduction of waste and pollution.6.Cultural Perspectives:Different cultures have unique relationships with nature,often reflected in their myths,rituals,and daily practices.Understanding these perspectives can provide insight into how societies value and interact with the natural world.7.Technological Advancements:Technology has the potential to both harm and benefit the environment.On one hand,it can contribute to pollution and resource depletion on the other hand,it can facilitate more efficient use of resources and cleaner energy production.cation and Awareness:Educating the public about the importance of nature and the consequences of human actions is crucial for fostering a sense of responsibility and encouraging positive change.9.Policy and Legislation:Governments play a significant role in shaping the relationship between humans and nature through the creation and enforcement of environmental policies and regulations.10.Future Outlook:The future of the humannature relationship will depend on our ability to adapt to changing conditions,innovate sustainably,and work collectively to protect and preserve the environment for generations to come.In your essay,you can explore these themes and provide examples,arguments,and evidence to support your views on the importance of maintaining a healthy relationship between humans and nature.。
Therelationshipbetweenhumansanimalsandplants
The relationship between humans animals and plantsHuman, animals and plants are created to have a good relationship with each otherto make a better and beautiful life. Without animals and plants, human cannot eatanything and probably we cannot live anymore. Without human, some animals and plants also cannot live for long time because no one takes care of them. Therefore,we as a human must protect animals and plants to grow up with us together.Currently, many animals are extinct because many reasons to make them live inshort life such as many people kill animals for their collections, pollution, naturaldisaster, the changes of weather, or killed by stronger animals. Therefore, manypeople are doing animals science to help, take care, protect and prevent animals tobe extinct.In this era, people are smart compared last era because of the rapid improvement in technology. Last time people do not understand how to fly, cure themselves and do networking. They just understand how to survive in this life. However, since many people realise it and go hard for education, they become smart and know how to do everything. Therefore, to come out with the best idea for a whole world, they must do many researches and tests. In order to undergo a good research we need to familiar ourselves with 3 main facts that is associate ourselves with new knowledge, educate the animal, and analyze the efficiency of the chemicals and animal's tissue (Giridharan, Kumar & Muthuswamy 2000, page 2). Researches spend high costs where they need a lot of money to buy all important tools for them to research in their laboratory. However, to do the improvement in medication, people use animals or plants. The cost to do research is not high but many animals and plants are being sacrificed. Although many people said that we are being immoral but we also cannot stand without doing anything with people who are needed medicine from animals. The common name for experimental use for animals is vivisection. Actually, There are a lot of reasons why researchers do animal science such as to make a medicine, test whether the new trial chemicals are good for human body or not and protect as well as the improvement in the future (The national anti-vivisection society 2004). Although we have to sacrify many animals but we could cure many people for a long period and save many lives for a billion of people.For example, the first time scientist produced insulin by using the dog's pancreas,cows and pigs but the improvement began continued until now they are not usinganimals anymore, where it depends on the technology as well as the human protein(Advameg Inc. 2010). Insulin is "a hormone that regulates the amount of glucose (sugar) in the blood and is required for the body to function normally" (Advameg Inc. 2010). Nowadays, highly purified pancreas extracts change into animal insulin that is sold as 'natural' insulin (Makame, 1992). According to AVERT organization (1986), there are three reasons that animals are used for experiments such as making sure the new medicine, drugs, and other pharmaceutical product are safe and usable, guaranteeing that the manufactured goods are efficient to human being, and studying the biology of the animal together with the function and response of certain disease to human body (AVERT organization 1986).Although we could save people life but we also must think how about if all animalsare gone away. If it happens we could not use them as our research anymore andhave a good medicine to help people. People are now being selfish that could notlook at the pity life of animals where they use them only for research without takingcare about them. There are two categories that could be divided for animal in science,which are the use of vivisection can be split into two general categories such as living & undamaged animal and animals' tissue. Moreover, those categories can be dividedinto several issues as well. Animal are used as lab tester to study human disease orin medical research, as test subjects, as living incubators for substances that areused in medicine; such as insulin, as modality of ideas, and as heuristic devices. Inaddition, the animals are also studied to educate people on dissection exercises inlife science classrooms, guide medical doctor in some actions, and gain theknowledge of the part of the animals. The animals' tissues are also used asadditional parts for human or as the ingredients to make new vaccines and drugs. The scientist use the animal as their experiment to study all of them, but they do it to benefit many people, so that the scientist can save many people lives or make something that is useful to human being (The national anti-vivisection society 2004). Actually, in the real life, people could accept the animal science if researchers use them as the good purpose such as to cure dead live people who are effected by cancer, AIDS, AIDS drugs or hepatitis. No one in this life could be able to see the increasing in dying people. Therefore, to develop and create the cures and treatment, scientist must use a lot of animals from rare until the common one to test, research and experiment about those deceases (….). People are deserved to live in this world although many deceases could happen inside their body. Even though, animal science is not allowed by religious where we kill animals for research but it is all depends on the purpose of using animals in scientific research. When people kill animals for unnecessary situations such as barbeque event, festival, and religious ceremony, it means people harm their lives and do not have any respect to them although they are animals. PETA, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals, is one of the powerful groups that is very concerned about animal rights with their motto "Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on or use for entertainment (PETA, 1980). PETA is a non-profit organization that helps human or non-human being to not be harm especially animals. Therefore, this organization always keeps on tract to reduce the animal abuse in the world and support the several types of treatments for animals (PETA, 1980). For example, The Medicines Act of 1968 states that the scientist have to tested all their pharmaceutical products to at least two different genus of live and intact mammals that one of them should be a large non-rodent. It means that most of countries allow scientists to do animals in scientific research to produce a better medicine and to ensure the safeness of the created medicines. In America, scientists are used many animals more than 100 millions to do their experiments project over a year but those animals, such as bird, fish, mice, and other cold blooded, are not under the Animal Welfare Act. Animal Welfare Act is the only Federal law in the United States that regulates the treatment of animals in research, exhibition, transport, and by dealers (United States Department of Agriculture 2010). Therefore, there is no record for those killed animals under the United State Department of Agriculture (USDA). It means people do not know the flow of animals' populations such as how many dogs are being killed and still alive in America. Animal Welfare Act is not included those animals because they continue to multiply until cannot countless by human except we are using a modern technology. Based on Lin, the reason that those animals could not be included in Animal Welfare is 95% of the vivisection is mice and rats with nine billion land animals killed in order to get food in US, and a huge majority of animal experimentation that are used by humans are rejected from AWA's protection. However, although there are a lot of animals that are not recorded but other animals (e.g., dogs, cats, non-human primates, guinea pigs, hamsters, rabbits, and farmed animals used for biomedical research) are recorded toknow the populations for those animals (Lin), that could refer to the data in the table2.Table 1: Animals Used in Research by Category of Pain and Distress- 2006Animals used in research by catagory of pain and distress(The American Anti-Vivisection Society 2010)Based on the table 1, The USDA states the number of animals that are put in thepain and distress category during the experiments on 2006. In the category of NoPain, No Drugs, the USDA means that the animals that got experiment without anypain and distress on them. With Pain, With Drugs category means that the animalswere used in research that affects pain and distress, but the animal will receive the medication after the test to release the pain n distress. Furthermore, in the With Pain,No Drugs category, the scientist gave the animal constant pain and distress as partof the experiment. Lastly, over 73,000 animals, seven percent of the total, feelunalleviated pain and distress in 2006.Table 2: Number of animals used by research from the first reorting year (FY 1963) to 2006.In Australia, animals are oppressed and harmed in many ways such as raising themfor food and clothing, using them in the entertainments such as rodeos and circuses,slaughtering of local animals, and testing them on behave of medicines, cosmetics,and households. Animals are often considered as commodities, and many peoplebelieve that their existence is very crucial since the animal effects productivity andprofit, but they are living things, so they need a lot of consideration (Animals Australia, 2010). After killing 10 of 29 pigs, the team from the Institute of Mountain Emergency Medicine in Italy and the Medical University of Innsbruck in Austria stopped the experiment since many people became angry of this experiment (mail online 2010). According to Peter Singer, an Australian philosopher (2010), the use of animal research might be validated if only the scientist follow and meet the stringent conditions such as the harm that the animals receive should be very little, the human and animal need that using animals should be extremely interesting, and the chance of success on using the animal should be very huge (Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research & Teaching 2010).The Australian citizen desire more benefit that can be brought from animalexperiment in the future. However, they also believe that any pain and distress onanimal on vivisection should be kept to the minimum level it can be. The main way todo it is by applying 3Rs Principles of replacement, reduction, and refinement.Replacement means the animals are only used when not-animal substitutes are notsuitable. Reduction denotes that the scientist must use the animal in very low numberto get their goal on experiment. Moreover, Refinement indicates that the scientistshave to make the pain, suffering, and distress as low as possible (Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research & Teaching 2010).Animalscience has many goals such as improving the health and well-being people forentertainment, sport, recreational, and service animals, discovery a better ways toguard and manage the range of animal species, especially endanger animals, tokeep the balance in the ecologically stable, developing endangered animals toprevent extinction, and broadening the knowledge and understanding of biologyscience and life processes for all animal species (Australian and New ZealandCouncil for the Care of Animals in Research & Teaching 2010).In the conclusion, animals in scientific research have been discussing since long timeago until now. It could be accepted by people when the research is useful for helpingto cure the illness such as AIDS, drugs or diabetes. It is also being accepted by manycountries to take animals for doing experiments that may be able to have a goodresult for the countries and citizens. Animals could be extinct if many animals arebeing killed for unimportant things. However, if animals are used for save peoplelives, there is a good purpose of it. Therefore, animals in scientific research are used to improve the quality, safety and human practice.。
子痫前期孕妇外周血和脐血锰与早产的关系
•论著.子痫前期孕妇外周血和脐血；与早产的关系高林英王颖&惟为冯永亮杨海澜王素萍【摘要】目的了解子痫前期和非妊娠期高血压疾病孕妇外周血和脐血P(Mn)不同水平时早产的发,孕妇和Mn对的影响。
方法以一的427对子痫前期和非妊娠期孕妇对，孕妇一般情况、妊娠和等，孕妇和Mn的子体(ICP-MS)，妊娠满28足37。
结果子痫期孕妇新生儿脐血Mn低水平(<44.598憾/L)、中水平(44.598~65.966^g/L)和高水平(!65.967!g/L)时早产发生比例分别为32.11%(35/109)*43.24%(64/148)和49.41%(84/170)(x2=8」3,P=0.0171)；晚发子痫前期孕妇新生儿脐血Mn低、中和高水平时早产的比例分别为14.49%(10/69)*21.847(19/87)和32.957(29/88)(才=7.55,!=0.0229)。
控制了潜在的混杂因素等后，与脐血Mn低水，子痫前期孕妇［("#=2.27,95%C%：(1.23,4.17)］和晚发子痫期孕妇［("#=3.17,95%C%：(1.09,9.23)］Mn水的&结论子痫期孕妇P水与的&【关键词】子痫前期；P;;孕妇；脐血Relationship between peripheral blood and cord blood manganese levels and preterm delivery in pregnant women with preeclampsia Ga o Linying^,Wang Ying,Wu Weiwei,Feng Yongliang j.a ng Hailan,Wang Supi ng.^Department of Sc hool of Public Health,Shanxi Medical University,Ta iyuan030001,China[Abstract]Objective To determine the incidence of preterm delivery in pregnant women with different levelsof peripheral blood and cord blood manganese and diagnosed with preeclampsia and non-pregnancy hypertension,andto investigate the effects of peripheral blood and cord blood manganese levels on preterm delivery.Methods A totalof427pregnant women with preeclampsia and non-pregnancy hypertension admitted to the Department of Obstetrics,First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University,were included as the subjects in the study.The general conditions,pregnancy and childbirth of the pregnant women were collected.Peripheral blood and cord blood of pregnant women were collected for inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)of Mn mass concentration.Those who gave birthover28weeks but less than37weeks were considered as premature.Results In the preeclampsia pregnant womenwith low(<44.598(xg/L),medium(44.598-65.966(xg/L)and high(!65.967!g/L)Mn level in cord blood, the prevalences of preterm delivery were32.11%(35/109),43.24%(64/148)and49.41%(84/170),respectively(”=8.13,P=0.0171).In the late-onset preeclampsia pregnant women with low,medium and high Mn level in cord blood,the prevalences of preterm delivery were14.49%(10/69),21.84%(19/87),and32.95%(29/88),respectively(”=7.55, P=0.0229).After controlling for potential confounders,the risk of preterm delivery was high in preeclampsia pregnant women["#=2.27,95%C%：(1.23,4.17)]and late-onset preeclampsia pregnant women(OR=3.17,95%C%：1.09,9.23)with high cord blood Mn level compared with those with low cord blood Mn level.Conclusion High cord blood Mn level in pregnant women with preeclampsia is related to the occurrence of preterm delivery.[Key words)Preeclampsia；Manganese；Premature delivery；Pregnant women；Cord blood—(Mn)是人体必需的微量元素,机体Mn缺乏DOI：10.11655/zgywylc2021.02.001基：基金(81703314)；山西医科大学博士启动基金(03201615)：030001,(、王颖、、、王素萍)；一(杨海澜)通信作者：郭惟为，Email：*********************;王素萍,E-mail:spwang88@ 和过量都会对机体健康造成不良影响,机体可通过膳食等满足机体P的需要，一般不会出现P缺乏［1］&由于环境污染,特别是含P汽油抗爆剂一甲基环戊二烯三l基P(MMT)的应用所致的空气、饮用水的—污染可致机体P过量,Mn可以通过胎盘屏障,孕妇暴露于含—汽油等环境污染，可能胎的Mn水［2］,汽量的，妇女长期水平Mn暴露对妊娠结局和子代健康的影响不容忽视。
高二英语哲学观点探讨单选题30题
高二英语哲学观点探讨单选题30题1. Which of the following statements best represents the idea of Plato's Theory of Forms?A. The physical world is the ultimate reality.B. Ideas are mere copies of the real world.C. Forms exist independently of the material world.D. Sensory experiences are the source of true knowledge.答案：C。
解析：柏拉图的理念论认为形式是独立于物质世界存在的，A 选项认为物质世界是终极现实，与柏拉图理念论不符；B 选项说理念是现实世界的副本不准确；D 选项认为感官经验是真正知识的来源，这不是柏拉图的观点。
2. According to Aristotle, what is the source of knowledge?A. IntuitionB. ExperienceC. Reason aloneD. Divine inspiration答案：B。
解析：亚里士多德认为知识的来源是经验，A 选项直觉不是亚里士多德强调的知识来源；C 选项仅靠理性不符合亚里士多德的观点；D 选项神的启示也不是亚里士多德的主张。
3. Which philosopher believed that "Cogito, ergo sum" (I think, therefore I am)?A. DescartesB. KantC. HegelD. Nietzsche答案：A。
解析：“我思故我在”是笛卡尔的观点，康德、黑格尔和尼采都没有提出这一观点。
4. What is the main idea of Hume's philosophy regarding cause and effect?A. There is a necessary connection between cause and effect.B. Cause and effect are based on human understanding.C. Cause and effect are determined by divine intervention.D. We can never truly know the cause of an event.答案：B。
健康体检人群幽门螺杆菌感染与高同型半胱氨酸血症的关系
幽门螺杆菌(helicobacter pylori ,Hp )是1983年澳大利亚学者首次从慢性活动性胃炎患者的胃黏膜活检标本中分离出来的,现已公认Hp 感染是慢性胃炎、消化性溃疡和胃癌等上消化道疾病的致病因素,被世界卫生组织(WHO )明确为Ⅰ类致癌源[1]。
随着研究的深入,人们开始关注Hp 感染与胃肠外疾病的关系,如心脑血管疾病、血液系统疾病、肝胆疾病和神经系统疾病等。
同型半胱氨酸(homocysteine ,Hcy )是一种含硫氨基酸,自McCully [2]首次报道,高同型半胱氨酸血症(hyperhomocysteinemia ,HHcy )可能是导致动脉粥样硬化的危险因素之一;很多研究相继报道,HHcy 与冠心病、脑梗死、糖尿病等疾病的关系密切,以及Hp 感染可能是导致HHcy 的危险因素之一[3-7]。
为进一步明确Hp 感染与HHcy 的关系,本研究对2877名同时进行Hp 和Hcy 检测的健康人群的体检结果进行了分析。
1对象与方法1.1对象选取2016年1月1日~12月31日在白求恩国际和平医院健康管理中心参加健康体检,近4周内无感染和明确服用抗生素、维生素B 12及叶酸等影响血液中Hcy 代谢的药物,此前无幽门螺[摘要]目的分析探讨幽门螺杆菌(Hp )与血清高同型半胱氨酸血症(HHcy )的关系。
方法收集2016年1月1日~12月31日在本院健康管理中心参加健康体检,同时进行Hp 和同型半胱氨酸(Hcy )检测者2877例,清晨空腹采取静脉血,采用循环酶法检测血浆Hcy 水平,使用13C 、14C 尿素呼气试验诊断试剂盒检测DOB 值和DPM 值,应用SPSS 21.0软件进行统计学处理。
结果2877例受检者Hp 感染率为58.1%(1671/2877),<30岁组最高(79.6%,203/255),其余随着年龄增长Hp 感染率逐步降低,差异有统计学意义;2877例受检者HHcy 总检出率为34.8%(1002/2877),除60岁以上年龄组HHcy 检出率降低外,其余年龄组HHcy 检出率与年龄呈正相关,男性多于女性,差异有统计学意义;研究人群Hp 感染者HHcy 的检出率为37.2%(622/1671),高于Hp 未感染者31.5%(380/1206),差异有统计学意义。
正常高值血压人群的颈动脉结构异常与大动脉硬化的关系
中华高血压杂志2020 年12 月第28 卷第12 期Chin J H y p erten s，December 2020，Vol. 28 No. 12• 1179 •.论正常高值血压人群的颈动脉结构异常与大动脉硬化的关系张玲玉1，李建华2,沈逸华徐国焱1，韩英3’4，谢良地1.福建医科大学附属第一医院全科医学科，2.妇产科，3.老年医学科，4.福建省高血压研究所；福建福州350005摘要：目的探讨正常高值血压人群和正常血压者发生颈动脉结构异常和大动脉硬化的差异，并分析两组人群颈动脉结构异常与大动脉硬化的关系。
方法人选2017年1月至2019年3月在福建医科大学附属第一医院就诊的非高血压患者581例，分为正常高值血压组（〃=270)和正常血压组（〃=311)。
所有受检者测量身高、体质量、血压和静息心率，测定血生化指标.进行颈动脉超声检查和颈股动脉脉搏波传导速度（c f P W V)检测。
将颈动脉内膜中层厚度（I M T)>1.0m m定义为I M T增厚，颈动脉I M T增厚和/或存在颈动脉斑块定义为颈动脉结构异常，c f P W V>10.0 m/s定义为大动脉硬化。
结果与正常血压组相比，正常高值血压组的颈动脉结构异常患者百分比（60. 7%比51.4%)、〇〖？界¥[(8.78±1.48)比（7.92士1.30)111/8]、大动脉硬化患者百分比（13.7%比5.8%)明显增高（均P<0. 05)。
在正常高值血压组中，与颈动脉结构正常受检者=106)比较•颈动脉结构异常受检者（w=164)的大动脉硬化患者百分比明显升高（20. 1%比3.8%,；C2 =14. 551,P<0.001)。
在正常高值血压组中，单因素丨ogistic回归分析显示，颈动脉结构异常、年龄、糖尿病、静息心率、收缩压、空腹血糖、糖化血红蛋白（H b A l c)、服降糖药与大动脉硬化相关（均P<〇. 05);多因素logistic回归模型在校正了其他心血管病危险因素的影响后显示，颈动脉结构异常、年龄、糖尿病、静息心率与大动脉硬化独立相关，颈动脉结构异常者发生大动脉硬化的风险是颈动脉结构正常者的5.25倍（()尺=5.250,95%(^ 1.580〜17.448，户=0.007)。
基因编辑与人性改变的辩证关系英文500字
The application of gene editing technology in humans could completely cure human genetic diseases and ward off infectious diseases. However, since the safety and effectiveness of this technology cannot be determined, it may lead to a series of security risks and ethical problems.From the perspective of family, if editing and modifying the genes of human germ cells are allowed, the gene modification will be irreversibly inherited along with the natural reproduction and destroy the transmission of genes. It is also difficult to clarify the influence on the natural ethical relationship formed by the natural blood and genetic inheritance of parents, children and families. First, it affects the definition of the relationship between parents and children. Second, how to determine the intergenerational relationship? Third, how to define the relationship between siblings in the family? Fourth, marriage and fertility problems of gene editors. Whether or not gene-edited people are allowed to marry and procreate, and if so, could have unpredictable consequences for the human gene pool.From the social aspect, gene editing involves human equality and social fairness. Will gene editing become a tool to divide society? With the practical application of gene editing technology, customized gene will become an inevitable result. The rich, who occupy a large amount of resources, can edit their genes to modify their offspring, so that the offspring have an overwhelming advantage over the ordinary people in terms of intelligence, appearance, height and even life span, and then monopolize all the resources, and a genetic aristocracy composed of rich people will be formed. Ordinary people will be eliminated to the bottom of society, and may even be enslaved or extinct, making class solidification more and more serious. Not only the long-formed social ethical relationship has been overturned, but also the whole social fairness is out of the question [3].From the natural law of human reproduction, does gene editing technology violate the law of natural selection? The continued development of gene editing will inevitably lead to the artificial copy of the so-called good genes and the elimination of the so-called bad genes, which will seriously destroy the diversity of biogenetics. Can genetically modified babies reproduce? It's an ethical question, it's a legal question. The risk that genetically edited babies who marry and have children will pass on their edited traits to the next generation is not clear.The application of technology must have a limit. The purpose of technology is to serve people, so it must be constrained within the framework of ethics and law. Most countries are wary of gene editing. The law still exists in this field and should be perfected continuously. Science and technology are not properly used, bringing controversy and disaster to society instead of hope and happiness. We should ensure technological innovation while establishing management systems and legal regulations that can prevent risks and disasters. At the same time, researchers should strictly observe the bottom line of ethics and law.。
后循环短暂性脑缺血发作患者血浆D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原、血小板的变化
后循环短暂性脑缺血发作患者血浆D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原、血小板的变化郭建波① 【摘要】 目的：观察与分析后循环短暂性脑缺血发作患者血浆D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原、血小板的变化情况。
方法：选取2018年11月-2020年6月本院收治的90例后循环短暂性脑缺血发作患者为观察组，同时期的90名同龄健康者为对照组。
比较两组血浆D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原、血小板指标（血小板参数与血小板活化指标），并比较观察组中不同发作频率及发作时间患者的检测结果，采用Pearson相关性分析血浆D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原、血小板指标与后循环短暂性脑缺血发作的关系。
结果：观察组PLT显著低于对照组，血浆D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原及其他血小板指标均显著高于对照组，且观察组中发作频率较高及发作时间较长患者PLT均显著低于发作频率较低及发作时间较短患者，血浆D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原及其他血小板指标显著高于发作频率较低及发作时间较短患者，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；Pearson相关性分析显示，血浆D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原、血小板指标均与后循环短暂性脑缺血发作相关（P<0.05）。
结论：后循环短暂性脑缺血发作患者的血浆D-二聚体、纤维蛋白原、血小板指标均呈现显著异常的状态，且不同发作频率及发作时间患者的差异显著，因此在后循环短暂性脑缺血发作患者中的检测价值较高。
【关键词】 后循环短暂性脑缺血发作 D-二聚体 纤维蛋白原 血小板 Change on Plasma D-dimer, Fibrinogen and Platelet of Patients with Posterior Circulation Transient Ischemic Attack/GUO Jianbo. //Medical Innovation of China, 2021, 18(03): 065-069 [Abstract] Objective: To observe and analyze the change of plasma D-dimer, fibrinogen and platelet ofpatients with posterior circulation transient ischemic attack. Method: A total of 90 patients with posterior circulationtransient ischemic attack treated in our hospital from November 2018 to June 2020 were chosen as the observationgroup, 90 healthy persons at the same time were chosen as the control group. Then the plasma D-dimer, fibrinogenand platelet indexes (platelet parameters and platelet activation indexes) of two groups were compared, and thedetection results of observation group with different attack frequency and attack time were compared, then therelationship between plasma D-dimer, fibrinogen and platelet indexes and posterior circulation transient ischemicattack were analyzed with Pearson correlation analysis. Result: The PLT of the observation group was significantlylower than that of the control group, the plasma D-dimer, fibrinogen and other platelet indexes were significantlyhigher than those of the control group, the PLT of the observation group with higher attack frequency and longerattack time were significantly lower than those of patients with lower attack frequency and shorter attack time, theplasma D-dimer, fibrinogen and other platelet indexes were significantly higher than those of patients with lowerattack frequency and shorter attack time, there were statistically significant differences (P<0.05). Pearson correlationanalysis showed the plasma D-dimer, fibrinogen and platelet indexes were all close with posterior circulationtransient ischemic attack (P<0.05). Conclusion: The plasma D-dimer, fibrinogen and platelet of patients withposterior circulation transient ischemic attack show significantly abnormal state, and the differences of patientswith different attack frequency and attack time are significant, so their detection value in the patients with posteriorcirculation transient ischemic attack is higher. [Key words] Posterior circulation transient ischemic attack D-dimer Fibrinogen Platelet First-author’s address: Shijingshan Teaching Hospital of Capital Medical University, Shijingshan Hospital, Beijing 100043, China doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2021.03.015①首都医科大学石景山教学医院 北京市石景山医院北京 100043通信作者：郭建波- 65 - 临床各界对短暂性脑缺血发作的危害认知显著提升，与此同时，与之相关的各方面研究不断增多，而凝血及其他循环相关指标的变化研究是重点[1]。
论和谐人际关系英语作文
论和谐人际关系英语作文英文回答：Harmony is a state of peace, agreement, and mutual understanding between people. Harmonious relationships are essential for creating a positive and productive environment in all aspects of our lives, including work, school, and personal relationships. Here are some key elements of harmonious relationships:Effective communication: This involves being able to express your thoughts and feelings clearly and respectfully, while also being able to listen and understand the perspectives of others.Respect for differences: Everyone has different opinions, values, and beliefs. In harmonious relationships, people respect these differences and make an effort to understand each other's points of view.Empathy: The ability to put yourself in someone else's shoes and understand their feelings is crucial for building harmonious relationships.Trust: Trust is a key ingredient in any healthy relationship. It involves believing that the other personis reliable, honest, and has your best interests at heart.Cooperation: Harmonious relationships are built on cooperation, where people work together to achieve common goals while respecting each other's boundaries.Forgiveness: Everyone makes mistakes. In harmonious relationships, people are willing to forgive each other and move on from past grievances.Appreciation: Expressing appreciation for others is an important way to show that you value them and their contributions.Compromise: In any relationship, there will be times when you need to compromise. In harmonious relationships,people are willing to compromise to find solutions thatwork for everyone.Maintaining boundaries: It is important to set and maintain healthy boundaries in any relationship. This means respecting the other person's space, time, and needs.Seeking professional help: If you are struggling tobuild or maintain harmonious relationships, it may behelpful to seek professional help from a therapist or counselor. They can provide you with insights and tools to improve your communication skills and relationship dynamics.中文回答：和谐人际关系。
理解促心相和的英语作文
Understanding the concept of hearttoheart communication is essential in both personal and professional relationships.This form of communication is characterized by its depth,sincerity,and the mutual exchange of thoughts and feelings.Here are some key points to consider when discussing the importance of hearttoheart communication in an English essay:1.Definition of HearttoHeart Communication:Begin by defining what hearttoheart communication means.It is a deep and meaningful exchange between two or more individuals where they share their innermost thoughts,feelings,and concerns without fear of judgment.2.Importance in Personal Relationships:Discuss how this type of communication strengthens bonds in personal relationships.It allows for greater understanding,empathy, and trust between family members,friends,and partners.3.Role in Conflict Resolution:Explain how hearttoheart communication can be instrumental in resolving conflicts.By openly discussing the root causes of disagreements, parties can find common ground and work towards a resolution.4.Enhancing Emotional Intelligence:Describe how engaging in hearttoheart conversations helps individuals develop emotional intelligence.This includes recognizing, understanding,and managing ones own emotions and those of others.5.Cultural Perspectives:Explore how the concept of hearttoheart communication may vary across different cultures.Some cultures may place a higher value on direct communication,while others may prioritize indirect or nonverbal cues.6.Challenges and Barriers:Address the challenges that can arise when attempting hearttoheart communication,such as fear of vulnerability,language barriers,or cultural differences.7.Techniques for Effective Communication:Provide tips and techniques for engaging in effective hearttoheart communication,such as active listening,nonjudgmental responses, and clear articulation of ones thoughts and feelings.8.Impact on Mental Health:Discuss the positive impact that hearttoheart communication can have on mental health.It can provide a sense of relief,reduce stress,and foster a support network.9.In the Workplace:Explain the benefits of hearttoheart communication in a professionalsetting.It can lead to better team dynamics,increased job satisfaction,and improved problemsolving capabilities.10.Conclusion:Conclude the essay by summarizing the importance of hearttoheart communication and encouraging readers to practice it in their own lives to foster deeper connections and understanding.Remember to use clear,concise language and provide examples to illustrate your points. An essay on this topic should aim to inspire readers to value and engage in hearttoheart communication in all aspects of their lives.。
跨文化交际考试重点归纳
跨文化交际考试重点归纳work Information Technology Company.2020YEAR题型：part/, True or False,30% （提醒学生在答题时要正确的画A,错的画B） 15x2 （除第八章）part II. Multiple Choices 20%, 20x1.（2,4,5 细节）Part III. Cultural Puzzles 10% （与课后习题中的cultrual puzzles 类似，不过是四个选项，范围为课后习题中的cultural puzzles和我们在每个单元划出的重点案例）5X2. Part IV. Term Matching 15% （名词解释，从备选的terms中选择与其对应的definitions,要考到的terms都已经发给大家）15x1.Part V. Short-Answer Questions 15% （简答题，范围在我们划过的重点内）5X3. Part VI. Case Study 10% （课外案例分析，阅读一个案例，回答三个小问题，题LI 不会超出课内讲解的内容）10x1.要补充的重点为pll4, （E・ Discover the mea ning of some comm on gestures in English）, pl29, （B・ What are the characteristics of feminine talk and masculine talk respectively）另外让学生深入研究unit 5和Unit 2, Unit 4（culturally-loaded words）,以及每单元的重点案例，以及单元后面的练习A, B（划过的问答题），C （Euphemism Understanding）,以及E （cultural puzzles）TermsUnit 11.Economic globalization:经济全球化the integration of national economies into the in ter national economy through trade, foreign direct in vestme nt, capital flows, migration, and the spread of technology.2.Global village:地球村All the different parts of the world form one community linked together by electronic communications, especially the Internet.3.Melting pot:大熔炉a socio-cultural assimilation of people of different backgrounds and nationalities・4.Cultural Diversity:文化多样性the mix of people from various backgrounds in the labor force with a full mix of cultures and sub-cultures to which members belong・5.Intercultural communication:跨文化交际communication between people whose cultural percepti ons and symbol systems are disti net eno ugh to alter thecommu nication eve nt.6.Culture文化a learned set of shared interpretations about beliefs, values, and norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people・7.Enculturation:文化适应all the activities of learning one's culture are called enculturatio n.8.Acculturation:文化传入the process which adopts the changes brought about by another culture and develops an increased similarity between the two cultures・9.Ethnocentrism:民族优越感the belief that your own cultural background is superior.munication:交际to share with or to make common, as in giving to another a part or share of your thoughts, hopes, and knowledge・(以下为components of commu nication)PS: what is the cHfference between encoding & decoding Encoding is the process of putting an idea into a symbol. Decoding is the process of assigning meaning to the symbols received・11.Source 发送信息的人The source is the person with an idea he or she desires to commu nicate ・12.Encoding 编码Unfortunately (or perhaps fortunately), humans are not able to share thoughts directly. Your communication is in the form of a symbol represent!ng the idea you desire to communicate. Encoding is the process of putting an idea into a symbol.13.Message 信息The term message identifies the encoded thought・ Encoding is the process, the verb; the message is the resulting object・14.Channel 渠道The term channel is used technically to refer to the means by which the encoded message is transmitted・ The channel or medium, then, may be print, electronic, or the light and sou nd waves of the face-to-face communicati on. 15.Noise 噪音The term noise technically refers to anything that distorts the message the source encodes・16.Receiver 接的人The receiver is the person who attends to the message・17.Decoding 解码Decoding is the opposite process of encoding and just as much an active process・ The receiver is actively involved in the communication process by assigning meaning to the symbols received・18.Receiver response 反馈The receiver is the person who attends to the message・Receiver response refers to anything the receiver does after having attended to and decoded the message・19.Feedback 反馈Feedback refers to that portion of the receiver response of which the source has knowledge and to which the source attends and assigns meaning. 20.Context 语境The final comp on ent of communicatio n is con text ・ Gen erally, context can be defined as the environ merit in which the commu nication takes place and which helps define the communication.精讲案例Case 1 (p.l) case 2 (p.2)思考题lx what are the four trends that lead to the development of the global village P8-9+简要说明convenient transportation systemsinnovative communication systemseconomic globalization widespread migrations2. What are the three ingredients of culture?Artifacts(the material and spiritual products people produce)Behavior(what they do)Concept(what they think)3.How to understand cultural iceberg? P7The aspects of culture that are explicit,visible,taught.The aspects of culture that are intangible and not taught directly.4.What are the characteristic of culture?Shared JearnedqynamCethnocentric(文化中心、主义),5.What are the characteristic of communication?Dynamicjrreversible^ymboli^systemati^tra nsactional’c on textualUnit 2-411.Pragmatics:语用学the study of the effect that language has on human perceptions and behavior.12.Semantics:语意the study of the meaning of words・13.Denotation:字面意思the literal meaning or definition of a word …the explicit, particular, defined meaning.14.Connotation:弦夕卜之音the suggestive meaning of a word …all the values, judgments, and beliefs implied by a word, the historical and associative accretion of the unspoken sign讦icance behind the literal meaning.15.Taboo:禁忌语some objects, words or actions that are avoided by a particular group of people, or in certain culture for religious or social reasons.16.Euphemism:委婉语the act of substituting a mild, indirect, or vague term for one considered harsh, blunt, or offensive・精讲案例Case 1, case 2(p.l7) case 4 (p. 19) Case 2 (p 43) case 3 (p.45) Case 1 (p.67) case 3 (p.69)思考题6.How is Chinese addressing different from American addressing? (p.33)The Americans tend to address only with given names while the Chinese may use the full name・ Even when the full names are used in some formal occasions by the Americans’the given names would be placed before the surname while the Chinese would do the opposite・Chinese often extend kinship terms to people not related by blood or marriage while the America ns seldom do so.The Chinese tend to address the people with titles but in English only a few occupation or titles could be used.7.What are the social functions of compliments (p.60)(答案p50 第一段) Compliments have a series of social functions: creating or reinforcing solidarity, greeting people, expressing thanks or congratulations, encouraging people, softening criticism, starting a conversation, or even overcoming embarrassment.Unit 517.Chronemics:时间学The study of how people perceive and use time・18.Monochronic time:—元时间概念paying attention to and doing only one thing ata time・19.Polychronic time:多元时间概念being involved with many things at once.20.Proxemics:空间学the perception and use of space.21.Kinetics:身势学the study of body language22.Paralanguaga 辅助语言invol ving sou nds but not words and lying between verbal and non verbal commu nicatio n.精讲案例case 1 (p. 85) case 3 (p.87) case 5, 6 (p.90) case 7 (p.91) 思考题8.What are the different features of M-time and P-time? (p97)M-time means paying attention to and doing only one thing at a time・M-time is noted for its emphasis on schedules, segme ntati on and prompt ness .It features one event at a time. Time is perceived as a linear structure and something concrete tangible・P-time means being involved with many things at once.P-time is less rigid and clock-bound ・ It features several activities at the sametime .It is more flexible and human-centered・9.what is the meaning of common gestures in English P114 (答案P233-234)Unit 6精讲案例case 1 (p.115) case 2 (p.116) p.124-126 中的小案例思考题9.How is gender different from sex? (p.129)(答案P.119/120)10.What has influenced the gender socialization?There are two primary in fluences on gen der socialization: family communication, particularly between mothers and children and recreational interaction among childre n.11.What are the six principles for effective cross-gender communication (p. 129)(答案127-128)Suspend judgement, recognize the validity of different communication styles, provide translation cues, enlarge your own communication style, suspend judgement.12.what are the characteristics of feminine talk and masculine talk respectively?P123Unit 7精讲案例case 1 (p.137) case 3 (p.139)13.Discuss the concepts of high context culture and low con text culture (pl53)(结合最后一个单元中ppt 的讲解，了解high-context culture 和low-context culture 两个概念)A high-context communication or message is one in which most of the information is already in the person, while very little is in the coded, explicitly transmitted part of the message・ In high-context cultures, verbal messages have little meaning without the surrou nding con text, which includes the overall relationship between all the people engaged in communication.（沉默是金；一切尽在不言中；心有灵犀一点通）A low con text communicati on is the just the opposite; i.e. the mass of the information is vested in the explicit code・High-context culture low-context cultureJapanese Chinese Korean American ............. G erman German・SwissUnit 923.A planetary culture:行星文化a culture that integrates eastern mysticism with western scienee and rationalism・24.Intercultural person:跨文化的人represents some one whose cognitive, affective, and behavioral characteristics are not limited but open to growth beyond the psychological parameters of his or her own culture・思考题13.What are the American/Chinese cultural values like in terms of Cultural Orientation put forward by Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck? （ppt 中的补充内容）As far as the human nature is concerned, American culture holds that it is evil but perfectible through hard work. As to the relation of man to nature, they think mankind can conquer nature・ They also have a linear time concept and therefore they are future-oriented・ They focus on doing and think that only actions can solve the problem. They are quite individualistic and therefore they focus less on the ben efits of the group ・As far as the human nature is concerned, Chinese culture holds that it is good but corruptible without proper education. As to the relation of man to nature, they think mankind can live in harmony with nature・ They also have a cyclical time concept and therefore they are past-oriented. They have a being-and-becoming attitude towards activity and think that man should keep an inner peace as nothing is eternal. They are quite collective and therefore they focus more on the ben efits of the group ・14.Identify the features of each of four Hofstede's cultural dimensions and use them to analyze the cases （案例分析）。
帕特里克·墨菲对生态批评与生态女性主义文学批评的影响优先出版
帕特里克·墨菲对生态批评与生态女性主义文学批评的影响☉帕洛玛·比利亚米尔·阿格拉斯文王俊暐译［摘要］本文旨在介绍帕特里克·墨菲及其对生态女性主义文学批评运动进程的影响，并且评述墨菲与西班牙生态批评家之间的互动。
［关键词］帕特里克·墨菲；生态批评；生态女性主义［作者简介］帕洛玛·比利亚米尔·阿格拉斯（Paloma Villamil Agraso），西班牙阿尔卡拉大学富兰克林学院博士研究生，西班牙生态批评研究社(Grupo de Investigación Ecocrítica，GIECO)成员。
［译者简介］王俊暐，江西省社会科学院助理研究员（江西南昌330077）。
帕特里克·墨菲（Patrick D.Murphy）博士，美国中佛罗里达大学英语系教授、主任，1973年获得加州大学洛杉矶分校历史学士学位，1983年获得加利福利亚州立大学北岭分校英语硕士学位，并于三年后再次获得该校英语博士学位。
诚如墨菲本人在《构建：文学研究期刊》（Frame:Journal of Literature Studies）的一次专访中所说，刚读研究生时，他对生态批评或任何生态文学运动的存在没有什么概念。
当然，他也承认当时对自然开始了最初的关注，但也仅仅是从风景、地方和空间的层面上而言。
墨菲的硕士论文是以加里·斯奈德（Gary Snyder）和温德尔·贝利（Wendell Berry）为研究对象的《地方追问》（A Quest for Place）。
当时墨菲使用了“生态诗人”这一术语，但除此之外就没有再引用“生态批评”或其他类似的术语①。
墨菲在研究生阶段深受米哈伊尔·巴赫金（Mikhail Bakhtin），尤其是其《对话的想象》（The Dialogical Imagination）（1981）和《通向行动的哲学》（Toward a Philosophy of the Act）（1993）两部著作的影响。