6主谓一致及倒装
主谓一致与倒装句
主谓一致与倒装句主谓一致是英语语法中的一个重要概念，它要求句子中的主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
主谓一致错误会导致句子的构成混乱，影响语言的准确性和流畅性。
另外，在一些特定的情况下，倒装句也被广泛应用。
本文将详细探讨主谓一致和倒装句的使用规则和例子。
一、主谓一致主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
一般来说，如果主语是单数第三人称，则谓语动词需要加上-s或-es；如果主语是复数，谓语动词则保持原形。
主谓一致错误的例子如下：1. 错误：He like coffee. (正确：He likes coffee.)2. 错误：The dogs is barking. (正确：The dogs are barking.)二、主谓一致规则1. 单数主语：单数主语需要用单数形式的谓语动词。
例子：- The sun shines brightly.- My friend plays the piano.2. 复数主语：复数主语需要用复数形式的谓语动词。
例子：- The students are studying for the exam.- Cats like to chase mice.3. 不可数名词：不可数名词作为主语时，需要用单数形式的谓语动词。
例子：- Water is essential for life.- Music brings people joy.4. 主语连接词：如果主语由两个或更多的部分组成，用and连接，那么需要用复数形式的谓语动词。
例子：- Tom and Jerry are good friends.- His parents work in a hospital.5. 复数名词指一类事物：当复数名词指代一类事物时，需要用单数形式的谓语动词。
例子：- Mathematics is my favorite subject.- Politics is a sensitive topic.三、倒装句倒装句是指将谓语动词放在主语之前的句子结构。
中考英语复习：主谓一致和倒装句
中考英语复习：主谓一致和倒装句从单项选择到书面表达，都可能涉及到主谓一致的题，是中考试卷必考题目。
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。
主谓一致必须遵循三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。
语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。
意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致，即主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，则谓语动词用复数形式；若主语形式上为复数，但表示单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式。
就近一致原则也叫邻近原则，是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。
倒装句因为与汉语语言习惯的不同和较多的句型结构而成为初中英语的难点，在中考试卷中也总有一定的比例，尤其在阅读理解和完形填空中对上下文的理解会有很大的影响，因此也是中考复习的重点。
语法一致原则谓语和主语通常从语法形式上取得一致，主语为单数形式，谓语动词也用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也为复数形式。
如：The boy is clever enough to study maths well.这个男孩够聪明，可以把数学学好。
Everybody in my class tries to do well in English.我们班每个人都努力学好英语。
下列情况谓语动词只能用单数：1）不可数名词或可数名词单数作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：Water is very important to the trees.水对树来说非常重要。
2）动词不定式或者动名词短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
如：To improve your English is the most important work.提高你的英语是最重要的工作。
Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes.看电视太多对你的眼睛有害。
主谓一致和倒装
倒装句定义：正常语序是“S+V”，倒装句结构是“V+S”，分为部分倒装（只把助动词、系动词、情态动词放在主句之前）和全倒装（整个谓语移到主句前面）用法：1.两个人同一个肯定的情况：so +be /助动词/情态动词+主语两个人同一个否定的情况：：neither/nor +be /主动词/情态动词+主语Eg1.你会骑自行车，我也会。
You can ride a bike , .Eg 2.他去过北京，我也去过。
He has been to Beijing , .Eg 3.第一个不好，第二个也一样。
The first one isn’t good , .Eg 4.His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years .Eg 5.1. I like to play basketball when I was young . .5.2 Marry：We’re going to help Grandma with her housework .Lily :2.以there ,here ,out ,in ,up ,down ,away ，为了强调副词，可把副词放在句首，主语和谓语调换位置。
但主语必须是名词，且一般现在/一般过去时，人称代词时候不到装。
我们老师进来了。
这是你的信。
他在这。
他走开了。
3.地点状语介词短语放在句首，要用倒装句式以示强调。
主谓直接调换位置。
树下坐着个人。
4.There be 句型有时谓语动词可以用live ,stand ,come ,lie ,rise ,appear等“存在”概念的不及物动词时，there 放在句首可以倒装。
从河里传来救命声音。
Shouts for help from the river .在那所房子前面是小麦地。
a wheat field in front of the house .5.not only...but also ...如果连接两个句子时，前面的句子要倒装。
主谓一致和倒装句
主谓一致主谓一致（concord），是指主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数上的一致。
英语中动词be的变化形式最多，如I am，You are，He is，We are等。
主语I一定要用am的动词形式，这就叫‚主谓一致‛。
主谓一致的三个原则：主谓一致涉及三个基本原则，即语法一致原则（principle of grammatical concord）、意义一致原则（principle of notional concord）和就近原则（principle of proximity）。
一、语法一致原则主语和谓语通常是在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式时，谓语动词也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式时，谓语动词也采用复数形式。
1.当and或both ...and...连接两个或多个名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
Tom and Mike are good friends.汤姆和迈克是好朋友。
Both Lucy and Lily are students.露西和丽丽都是学生。
2.不定代词either, neither, each one, the other, another, anybody, anyone, anything, someone, somebody, something, everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Is there anything wrong with your bike? 你的自行车有什么毛病吗？Everyone is ready for the sports meeting.大家都为运动会做好了准备。
3.由each,each...and each...,every...and every...,every...作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Each boy and each girl was given a new book.每个男孩和女孩都收到了一本新书。
主谓一致&倒装
主谓一致一、主语和谓语必须在人称上一致1.一般说来，主语和谓语必须在人称上一致，不受修饰语影响：Eg: The results of exam show that you’ve all made good progress.The questions raised by Mr. White are very important.The building among the trees is our pubilc library.2.如果主语表示一个抽象感念，一般用单数谓语Eg: Growing flowers is no easy job.That we have made amazing achievements is an undeniable fact.3.当主语中包含and时，若指的是一个东西，可用单数谓语，若指的是两样东西，则需用复数谓语。
Eg: The iron and steel indusry plays an important part in our national economy.To try and fail is better than not to try all.To mean to do something and to actually do something are different things.4.如果主语是单数，尽管后面跟有with，togrther with，as well as, but except 等词引起的短语，谓语仍用单数形式，因为这类短语多用作修饰语。
Eg: An iron and steel works, with several satellite factories, is being built in the city.An expert, together with some assitants ,was sent there to help in the work.二、主谓一致的原则主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持人称和数的一致。
中考英语主谓一致
3.主语后接有with, along with, together with, except, but连接另一个主语时，谓I 保持一致）5.集体名词family, team, class, group作主语时，如果表示整体，谓语动词用单数；如果表示个体成员，谓语动词用复数。
例：My family is a small one with 3 people. 我家是一个三口之家的小家庭。
7. A pair of shoes is on the table. 一双鞋子在桌上。
（谓语动词用单数）Two pairs of shoes are on the table. 两双鞋子在桌上。
（谓语动词用复数）8. The teacher and writer is coming to our school. 那位老师兼作家将来我们学校。
（同一个人）The teacher and the writer are coming to our school. 那位老师和那位作家将来我们学校。
(两个人)9.以so, neither开头的倒装句例：Jim watched TV last night. So did I. 吉姆看了电视。
我也看了（提到吉姆和我2人）---- Jim watched TV last night.也没看。
12.表示“某个人有---”，用have, has例：They have some books. （主语不是第三人称单数，用have）特殊疑问句：What do they have? What does she have?主谓一致练习：1. There ________ a lot of rain in this area in August every year.A. isB. areC. wasD. were2. Some of my classmates ________ from other cities.A. comesB. isC. are3. A number of students ________ in the dinning hall.------Let me count. The number of the students ________ about 200.A. are, isB. is, areC. are, are4. Either Mary or he ________ going to Paris. Only one person may go there.A. areB. isC. was5. One of my friends ________ already moved to London.A. doB. doesC. haveD. has6. There _____ no milk in the fridge. Could you get some for me? ------All right, Mum.A. isB. areC. wasD. were7. How many countries ________ in Europe? ------I’m not sure.A. is itB. is thereC. are theyD. are there8. ________ a pen and two books on the desk.A. There areB. There isC. HaveD. Has9. There ________ some old people taking a walk in the park.A. isB. areC. hadD. have10. Not only Jim but also his sister ________ a few cities in the south since they came to China.A. will visitB. has visitedC. have visitedD. visited11. Both Lily and Lucy ________ to the party yesterday.A. invitedB. was invitedC. had invitedD. were invited12. Everyone except Tom and John ________ there when the meetingbegan.A. areB. isC. wasD. were13. When are you going to Beijing for your holidays?------I haven’t decided. ________ this Sunday ________ next Sunday is OK.A. Both, andB. Either, orC. Neither, norD. Not only, but also14. Which is more useful, biology or chemistry? ------I think ________ them are useful.A. either ofB. none ofC. both ofD. all of15. How many teachers are there in your school? ------About 200. One third of them ________ men teachers.A. haveB. hasC. areD. is16.China’s sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang ________ Goodwill Ambassadors （亲善大使） for Shanghai.A. has been namedB. have been namedC. has namedD. have named17. Liu Xiang and Yao Ming are world-famous sports stars. ________ of them are the pride of China.A. BothB. NeitherC. AllD. None18. Listen! Someone ________ outside. A. sing B. sings C. is singing D. are singing19. It rained heavily this morning, but ________ of classmates were away from school.A. neitherB. noneC. allD. both20. A report says hundreds and thousands of trees ________ in the Amazon rainforest（亚马逊雨林） last year.A. was cut downB. have been cut downC. were cut downD. had been cut down21. Not only his parents but also his grandfather ________ to a lot of places of interest in our country since they came here.A. has goneB. has beenC. have goneD. have been22. ________ she or you going to Beijing next week?A. IsB. AreC. WasD. Were23. Three fourths of the earth ________ covered with water.A. areB. isC. wereD. being24. The mother with her little son ________ at my home on that snowy night.A. wereB. wasC. isD. are25. The singer and dancer ________ yet.A. don’t comeB. haven’t comeC. didn’t comeD. hasn’t come26. How many students are there in your school?------________ the students in our school ________ over two thousand.A. The number of, isB. The number of, areC. A number of, isD. A number of, are27. Swimming in the pool with the children ________ very interesting.A. hasB. haveC. areD. is28. Physics（物理） ________ my favorite subject.A. beB. isC. amD. are29. The paper for books and newspapers ________ made from wood.（木头）A. areB. isC. hasD. have倒装句练习：30.Do you think we’ll need a coffee pot（咖啡壶）?I don’t drink coffee, and _____. It’s not necessary. Why not a tea service（茶壶）?A. so do youB. neither you doC. so you doD. neither do you31. Jim wants to take part in the torch relay（火炬接力） of the 2008 Olympic Games.------________.A. So I doB. So do IC. Neither do ID. Nor do I32. Jim works hard at his Chinese and ________.A. so Lucy doesB. so is LucyC. so does LucyD. so Lucy is33. I am interested in science. What about you? ------________.A. So do IB. So am IC. So I am34.I’m going to an amusement par k. ------________.A. So am IB. so are youC. So you areD. So I am35. Jim is trying his best to learn Chinese Kungfu. ------________.A. So does MikeB. So is MikeC. So Mike doesD. So Mike is36.How well Anna dances! I can’t believe my eyes! ------________.A. So she doesB. So does sheC. Neither can sheD. So can I37. In recent（最近的） years, more and more Americans like traveling during holidays. ------________.A. So do we ChineseB. So will we ChineseC. So we Chinese doD. So we Chinese will38.Lily’s not visited many places of great interest in China. ________.A. So has her twin sisterB. Neither is her twin sisterC. Neither has her twin sisterD. So her twin sister has39.You’ve left the light on. ------________. I’ll go and turn it off.A. So I haveB. So do IC. Nor have ID. Neither I do40. David has made great progress recently.（近来） ------________, and ________.A. So he has, so have youB. So he has, so you haveC. So has he, so you haveD.So has he, so have you41.Mr. Watson won’t be here next week, and ________.A.neither will his wifeB. neither his wife won’tC. his wife won’t neitherD. hiswife will either主谓一致和倒装句答案：1到20题 ACABD ADBBB DCBCC BACBC21到40题 BABBD ADBBD BCBAB AACAA A。
完全倒装句与主谓一致
完全倒装句与主谓一致完全倒装句与主谓一致以下是店铺整理的倒装句中完全倒装的四种句型及主谓一致讲解，希望对大家有所帮助一、完全倒装的四种主要类型1. here 和there位于句首时的倒装表示地点的here和 there位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。
这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be和come, go等表示移动或动态的不及物动词：Here’s Tom. 汤姆在这里。
There’s Jim. 吉姆在那儿。
Here comes the bus. 公共汽车来了。
There goes the bell. 铃响了。
There goes the last train. 最后一班火车开走了。
【注意】(1) 以上倒装句中的谓语动词come和go不能用进行时态，即不能说 Here is coming the bus。
(2) 若主语为代词，则不倒装：Here I am. 我在这儿。
/ 我来了。
Here it comes. 它来了。
(3) 其中的动词有时也可能是stand, lie, live等表示状态的动词(表示存在)：There stood a desk against the wall. 靠墙放着一张书桌。
Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef. 从前有个人名叫比夫。
2. away和down等位于句首时的倒装地点副词away, down, in, off, out, over, round, up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。
这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词：Away went the runners. 赛跑选手们跑远了。
Round and round flew the plane. 飞机盘旋着。
The door opened and in came Mr Smith. 门开了，史密斯先生进了来。
Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas. 下雨了，伞都撑起来了。
倒装句主谓一致口诀
倒装句主谓一致口诀倒装句是英语语法中常见的一种句式，它将谓语动词放在主语之前，从而达到强调、修辞或语气的目的。
在倒装句中，主谓一致是非常重要的语法规则，它要求谓语动词的形式与主语保持一致。
以下是一个简单的口诀，帮助记忆和理解倒装句主谓一致的规则："主谓一致，动词别犯迷糊。
单数主语，动词加-s，如：He goes to school.复数主语，动词去s，如：They go to school."这个简单的口诀可以帮助我们记住主谓一致的规则。
当主语为单数时，谓语动词需要加上-s的变化形式；而当主语为复数时，谓语动词则不需要加-s。
例如：-The cat jumps over the fence.（猫跳过了篱笆。
）-The dogs bark loudly.（狗们大声吠叫。
）此外，还有一些特殊情况需要注意：1.当主语是第三人称单数，并且以-s结尾的名词时，谓语动词不需要再加上额外的-s。
例如：-James play sbasketball.（詹姆斯打篮球。
）2.当主语是第三人称单数，并且以不发音的字母结尾（如：s,x,z,ch,sh）时，谓语动词需要加上-es的变化形式。
例如：-She watches TV every night.（她每晚看电视。
）-The box closes automatically.（盒子会自动关闭。
）3.当主语是第一人称单数或复数时，谓语动词使用基本形式，不需要加上任何变化。
例如：-I love to read books.（我喜欢读书。
）-We enjoy playing soccer.（我们喜欢踢足球。
）这个口诀可以帮助我们记住倒装句中主谓一致的规则，但在实际应用中还需要根据具体的语境和语法要求进行判断和运用。
通过不断练习和阅读，我们可以更好地掌握和理解英语语法中的各种规则。
掌握英语中的主谓一致和倒装语序的使用
掌握英语中的主谓一致和倒装语序的使用英语是世界上最广泛使用的语言之一，掌握好英语语法是学习和运用英语的基础。
在英语语法中，主谓一致和倒装语序是两个常见但容易出错的问题。
本文将详细介绍主谓一致和倒装语序的使用，帮助读者更好地运用英语。
一、主谓一致主谓一致是指主语和谓语在人称和数上保持一致。
具体来说，当主语是单数时，谓语动词要用单数形式；当主语是复数时，谓语动词要用复数形式。
例如：- She likes to read books.（她喜欢读书。
）- They are playing basketball.（他们正在打篮球。
）主谓一致的错误常见于复合主语、连接词和不定代词等情况下。
在处理这些情况时，需要注意以下几点：1. 复合主语：当主语由两个或更多个名词组成时，谓语动词的形式取决于最靠近谓语动词的名词。
例如：- The dog and the cat are sleeping.（狗和猫正在睡觉。
）- His parents and his sister are coming.（他的父母和他的妹妹要来了。
）2. 连接词：当主语由连接词连接时，谓语动词的形式取决于连接词后面的名词。
例如：- Neither the teacher nor the students are here.（既不是老师也不是学生在这里。
）- Either the book or the pen is on the table.（要么书在桌子上，要么钢笔在桌子上。
）3. 不定代词：一些不定代词作为主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于不定代词所表示的数量。
例如：- Everyone is invited to the party.（每个人都受邀参加派对。
）- Some of the apples are rotten.（一些苹果是烂的。
）二、倒装语序倒装语序是指把谓语动词放在主语之前的语序。
倒装语序常用于以下几种情况：1. 否定词位于句首：当句子以否定词开头时，为了强调否定的意思，谓语动词和主语要倒装。
专题十三主谓一致和倒装句
专题十三主谓一致和倒装句Knowledge comb考点一：主谓一致(一)语法一致语法一致是指主语和谓语在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语也采用单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语也必须采用复数形式。
1．以单数名词或代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。
My brother is very tall.我弟弟很高。
2．主语为第三人称单数，或一些习惯用作单数名词或不可数名词的词，如money，information，clothing等，谓语动词用单数。
3．主语为单个的不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或从句时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
Running is good for us.跑步对我们来说很有益处。
注：what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况下用单数形式，但如果表语是复数或what 从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词可以用复数形式。
4．由连词and或both...and连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。
Mike and Jack are good students.迈克和杰克是好学生。
注：如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no，each，every，more than a/an，many a/an修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
The writer and scientist has come. 这位作家兼科学家已经来了。
5．主语后跟with，along with，together with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词的数由前面主语的单复数来决定，不受短语的影响。
Mr.Brown，together with his children，has come to China.布朗先生和他的孩子们一起来到了中国。
主谓一致和倒装句
考点二 倒装句
英语句子的基本语序是比较固定的，一般主语在前，谓 语在后。但有时因为语法结构的要求或由于修辞的要求， 往往要改变句子的自然语序，把一些本应置于主语之后 的成分提前，我们称这种语序为倒装语序。
倒装语序又分为全部(完全)倒装和部分倒装。 (一)全部(完全)倒装 如果谓语动词全部放在主语之前，这种语序称为完全倒 装。
3. 把副词so放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另 一个人(或物)，构成“so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋ 主语”结构时，用部分倒装。
Your sister is a nurse，so is my sister.
你姐姐是护士，我姐姐也是护士。
注：当后者对前者所说的内容表示赞同或加以例证、强 调时，用结构“so＋主语＋be动词/助动词/情态动词” 表示，意为“……的确如此”。
Two thirds of the work has been finished. 工作已完成了三分之二。
5．“the＋形容词”作主语时，若表示一类人，谓语动 词用复数形式；若表示抽象概念，谓语动词用单数。the ＋姓氏名词复数表示“……一家人”或“……夫妇”， 当其在句中作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
His trousers are too long.他的裤子太长了。
7．“the number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词 用单数形式。
The number of students in our class is fiftyfour. 我们班学生人数为54人。 注：“a number of＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用 复数形式。
1. 表示方位的副词out，up，down，in，away置于句首 时，句子要全部倒装。
主谓一致与主谓倒装的规则归纳
主谓一致与主谓倒装的规则归纳主谓一致是指句子中的主语和谓语在人称和数上要保持一致。
而主谓倒装是指将句子中的主语与谓语的位置颠倒过来。
这两种语法结构在英语中经常出现，掌握它们的规则对于正确运用语言至关重要。
本文将对主谓一致和主谓倒装的规则进行归纳总结。
一、主谓一致的规则1. 单数主语（singular subject）通常与单数谓语动词（singular verb）搭配，例如：- The boy plays soccer.（这个男孩踢足球。
）- She sings beautifully.（她唱得很美。
）2. 复数主语（plural subject）通常与复数谓语动词（plural verb）搭配，例如：- The boys play basketball.（这些男孩打篮球。
）- They laugh loudly.（他们笑得很大声。
）3. 特殊情况：当主语为复数名词时，却包含单数意义时，谓语动词应使用单数形式，例如：- The news is shocking.（这则消息令人震惊。
）- Physics is my favorite subject.（物理是我最喜欢的科目。
）4. 当主语是以“each”、“every”、“no”、“either”、“neither”等词开头时，谓语动词通常使用单数形式，例如：- Each student has a book.（每个学生都有一本书。
）- No one knows the answer.（没有人知道答案。
）5. 当主语由两个或多个并列名词（coordinate nouns）构成，且用“and”连接时，谓语动词通常使用复数形式，例如：- Tom and Jerry are good friends.（汤姆和杰里是好朋友。
）- Apples and oranges are popular fruits.（苹果和橙子是受欢迎的水果。
）二、主谓倒装的规则1. 当句子以副词或短语开头时，主谓倒装常常发生，例如：- In the garden stands a beautiful tree.（花园里有一棵漂亮的树。
时态、语态、倒装、主谓一致
感谢您的观看
THANKS
时态、语态、倒装、 主谓一致
目录
CONTENTS
• 时态 • 语态 • 倒装 • 主谓一致
01 时态
过去时态
定义
表示过去发生的动作或状态。
例子
I saw the movie last night.
现在时态
定义
表示现在发生的动作或状态。
例子
I am writing a letter.
将来时态
完全倒装
要点一
在强调某个句子成分时，通常使 用完全倒装。例如
On the table lay a book.
要点二
在表示方位或时间的介词短语放 在句首时，也使用完全倒装。…
In the distance was heard the sound of music.
倒装的特殊情况
01
在虚拟语气中，有时使用倒装结 构来强调虚拟语气中的条件或结 果。例如：If only I had known the answer.
倒装结构
在倒装句中，谓语动词的 形式取决于倒装后的主语。
主谓一致的练习题
练习1
The teacher with his students ____(visit) the science museum next week.
01
解析
时间状语next week表明时态为将来 时，主语the teacher with his
students表示复数意义，因此谓语动 词用复数形式will visit。
03
答案
see
05
02
答案
will visit
04
练习2
Either you or one of your students ____(see) the film.
主谓一致和倒装句
第十三讲主谓一致和倒装句Ⅰ主谓一致在英语中，谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上同主语保持一致，叫作主谓一致，通常采用下列三个原则来处理，即：语法一致的原则，逻辑意义一致的原则，就近（或毗邻）一致的原则。
一语法一致的原则，即在语法形式上取得一致。
主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数，主语为复数形式，谓语动词也采用复数形式。
但须注意下列几种情况：1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语，动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Eg:Much land has been deserted in this area in the past few years.To start smoking is quite easy,but to give it up needs courage.Reading English newspapers is a good way of improving your English.What you need most is to have a good sleep.How you can get there is a problem.注意：由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是“复数或what从句是带有复数意义的并列结构”时，主语的谓语动词用复数。
Eg:What I bought were three English books.What I say and do is(are) helpful for you.2.由and,或both…and…来连接并列主语时，谓语用复数。
Eg:Swimming and walking are good exercises.He and I were classmates when we were atcollege.Both John and Ann have got pen-friends.注意：1)并列主语如果表示同一个人，同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式（这时and后的名词前没有冠词）。
主谓一致和倒装句
主谓一致和倒装句主谓一致一．就近原则：在not only…but also, not…but , neither…nor , either…or , there be…句型中，谓语动词由相邻的主语来确定。
例：1.Not only they but also I am going to collect money for the Hope Project.2.Either you or Jack is about to take the place of the manager.二．集合名词做主语，指成员时，谓语用复数；指团体，组织时，谓语用单数：如：class , team, group, family, audience(听众), government, company, crowd, public, enemy, committee(委员会) 等。
例：1.The class are busy working on the exercises at the moment .2.The team was an excellent one in the 25th Olympic Games .三．当两个名词用with, together with, as well as, rather than, more than, but, except, besides, along with, including, like 等连接起来做主语时，谓语动词与前面的主语一致。
例：1.Jackie, with his parents, intends to set out for Europe on business next week.2.The son, rather than his parents, is responsible for the fire accident.(对火灾事故负责的是儿子而不是父母)四．当each, neither, either 以及由every, any, no, some 与one, body, thing 构成的不定代词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。
主谓一致、强调句和倒装句、情态动词和虚拟语气讲解以及习题详细解析
主谓一致、强调句和倒装句、情态动词和虚拟语气讲解以及习题详细解析主谓一致主谓一致是指一个句子的主语和谓语动词保持人称与数的一致关系。
有些句子不易直接看出主语的单复数，需仔细推敲。
处理主谓一致要注意语法一致，意义上一致和就近一致。
一、语法上的一致一个句子的主语是单数时，谓语动词也应是单数形式，主语是复数，谓语动词也用复数形式。
例如：Learning English is very important.学习英语是很重要的。
The girl together with her two sisters has left for Nanjing.Both Bob and Tom are my friends.但如果并列的主语指的是同一个人，同一类物，谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如：A singer and dancer is going to attend our meeting.由and连接的并列单数主语前，如果分别有each, every等修饰时，谓语要用单数。
例如：Every boy and every girl was given a present.Each word and each phrase in the dictionary is important.二、意义上的一致主语形式是单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词根据意义要用复数；反之主语形式为复数，但意义为单数，谓语动词也用单数。
如表示一笔钱，一段时间，一定重量时，这些单位虽是复数形式，但谓语动词是单数形式。
例如：It seems to me that five years is so short a time.Two hundred dollars was spent on the books.有些集体名词，如family, group, class等作主语时，作为整体看待，谓语动词要用单数，就其中一个个成员而言，谓语要用复数。
例如：My family is a happy one.My family are watching TV.三、就近一致出现几个主语时，谓语动词的人称单复数须和最近的主语保持一致。
选修课6主谓一致 强调 倒装
8. The man ________ was stolen called the police. C A. his wallet B. the wallet of his C. whose wallet D. the wallet of whom D 9. God help those _____help themselves. A. whom B. what C. that D. who D 10. Our manager has a very lovely daughter, _____is known to us all. A. that B. what C. who D. which C 11. The building _____roof is red is the office building. A. who B. that C. whose D. which
3. 单数名词后跟有短语：with, together with, as well as, but, except, along with等作主语时， 谓语用单数。如： Mary, with her sister, is to leave this evening. Tom together with his parents has gone to the zoo.
4.表示时间、度量、重量、温度、金钱的复 数名词作主语时，其意义是一个整体，谓语 动词一般用单数形式。如： Three years at college seems quite short for the students. Fifty dollars is enough for me to buy that book.
中的倒装句与主谓一致
中的倒装句与主谓一致倒装句与主谓一致在英语语法中，倒装句与主谓一致是两个常见的语法现象。
倒装句在构造上与正常语序（主语+谓语）不同，而主谓一致则是指主语与谓语动词在人称和数上保持一致。
本文将详细介绍倒装句与主谓一致的用法及示例。
一、什么是倒装句倒装句是指将谓语动词放在主语之前的句子结构。
一般而言，倒装句的常见情形有以下几种：1. 在以副词或短语开头的句子中，如："Had I known the truth, I would have acted differently." （如果我早知道真相，我会采取不同的行动。
）"Under no circumstances can you leave the building." （在任何情况下，你都不能离开大楼。
）2. 在以介词短语开头的句子中，如："On the table sits a beautiful vase." （桌子上摆着一个漂亮的花瓶。
）"In front of the house stood a tall tree." （房子前面矗立着一棵高大的树。
）3. 在表示否定意义的副词或短语放在句首时，如："Never have I seen such a breathtaking sunset." （我从未见过如此美丽的日落。
）"Little did he know about their plans." （他对他们的计划一无所知。
）二、倒装句的作用和表达方式倒装句的主要作用是为了强调句子中的某一成分，增强语气或改变句子的结构。
根据不同的句型和语法规则，倒装句的表达方式可以是完全倒装、部分倒装或否定倒装。
1. 完全倒装完全倒装是指将整个谓语动词与主语调换位置，形成倒装句。
例如："Can you swim?" → "Swim you can?" （你会游泳吗？→ 你能游泳吗？）"Is he coming?" → "Coming is he?" （他要来吗？→ 他要来吗？）2. 部分倒装部分倒装是指将助动词、情态动词或系动词与主语调换位置，而将实义动词或其他成分保持不变。
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倒装句•把谓语动词放在主语之前,叫倒装结构。
•如果全部谓语放在主语之前, 叫全部倒装;•如果只把助动词，情态动词或be 动词等放在主语之前，叫部分倒装。
全部倒装（1）在以there、here、now、then、such引导的，引起人们注意句子要完全倒装。
There goes the bell. Here comes the bus.（2）以out, in, up, down, away 等副词开头的句子里面,表示强调，句子要完全倒装。
Off went the horse. In came the boss.From the speaker comes the doctor’s voice.注意：代词作主语时, 主谓语序不变。
•Here you are !•Out they went.（3）表示地点的词语置于句首或强调地点概念时要完全倒装。
South of the town lie two steel factories.Between the two buildings stands a tall tree.（4）为了保持句子结构平衡,或为了强调表语,或为了使上下文结构紧凑。
Present at the meeting was Miss Li.Growing all around the mountain side are different kinds of wild flowers.Seated in the back of our class are many guests. 过分作表语（5）Such .代词“这样的人或事”指代上文内容，放在句首。
Such was Enstein, a simple man with great achivements.Such are his words.部分倒装（6）否定词never、seldom、hardly、scarcely、barely、rarely、little、not、nowhere、by no means、at no time、neither、nor等放在句首时，句子常部分倒装。
如：By no means shall we give up.Never have I been to the USA.Seldom does she get up late in the morning.（7）在not only … but also… ; no sooner … than … ; hardly … when …;scarcely … when …; not until …; so … that …;such … that …句型中，主句部分倒装，从句不倒装，但要注意：neither … nor … 连接的句子前后两个分句都要部分倒装。
Not only is she smart but also she is beautiful.Such great progress did he make that he was praised. (因such用于句首)So heavy is the box that I can’t carry it. (因so用于句首)Neither has he a pencil, nor has he a pen.（8）Only + 状语或状语从句+其他（only在句首时要部分倒装）。
Only then did I realize the importance of learning English.（9）so、neither、nor放在句首时，表示前面的情况也适用于另一个人或物时，用部分倒装。
（10）表语或状语或动词原形+ as/though + 主语+ 其他时，句子要部分倒装。
（在让步状语从句中）●Pretty as she is, she is not clever. (不加very)●Child as he is,he knows much. (不加a.an.the)●Try as he would, he might fail again. ( 动原)（11）虚拟语气中用倒装代替if。
Were I you, I would go there at once.Had you come yesterday, you could have helped us.Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay home.（12）在一些表示祝愿的句子中。
Long live China! May God bless you.倒装句练习1.I don’t know and_____.A. so does heB. so he doesC. nor does heD. nor he does.2. Not until the 19th century ____what heat is.A.man did knowB. man knewC. didn’t man knowD. did man know3. Look, here ____ .A．Mr. Brown comes B．does Mr. Brown comeC．comes Mr. Brown D．Mr. Brown has come4.----It is hot today.-----____yesterday.A.So it isB. So is itC. So it wasD. So was it5.Only____save his life.A.can the doctorB. the doctor canC. will the doctorD. could the doctor6.Only then _____realize that he was wrong.A.he didB.did he C he is D is he7.Out_____.A. did the students rushB. he rushedC. rushed heD. the students rushed8.At no time ____.A.the students will be permittedB. are the students permit to smokeC. will the students permit to smokeD. are the students permitted to smoke9.Then_____we had been looking forward to.A.came the hourB. the hour cameC. comes the hourD. the hour comes10. ____ taken the exam, he would have passed it.A.Were heB. Had heC. Had he be able toD. If he should come11. 90、Not until I began to work____ how much time I had wasted.A．didn’t I realize B．did I realize C．I didn’t realize D．I realize12.______, he failed.A.Hard although he triedB. Hard as he triedC. As he tried hardD. Hard as did he try13.Look! here_____!A.Mr. Brown comesB. comes heC. comes Mr. BrownD. has come Mr. Brown14.So badly ____ in the accident that he had to stay in hospital for treatment.A. did he injureB. he did injureC. was he injuredD. he was injured15.I like reading books and I don’t like playing the piano. ________.*3*A.So it is with my sisterB. So is it with my sisterC. So does my sisterD. So is my sister16. snacks and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment.A. Not only they broughtB. Not only did they bringC. Not only brought theyD. Not only they did bring17.Not only ____ this machine. but ____ it.A. can he run, can he repairB. can he run, he can repairC. he can run, he can repairD. he can run, can he repair18.----- Do you still remember the talk given by that old scientist?------_______.A.Never I shall forget itB. Neither shall I forget itC. Never shall I forget itD. So do I19. Under no circumstances___ first use nuclear weapons.A．will China B．China will C．does China D．do China20. Only when _____ to know him will you get along with him.A. do you comeB. will you comeC. you comeD. you will come21. ____to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.A.It was until I beganB. Not until did I beginC. Not until I beganD. It was not until I began22.____we continued our way.A.As the storm was terribleB. Terrible was as the stormC. As terrible the storm wasD. Terrible as the storm was23. Nowhere else ______ as in my garden.A. the flowers were so beautifulB. were the flowers so beautifulC. so beautiful were the flowersD. so beautiful the flowers were24.-----Listen! There _____!-----Oh, yes. There______.A. goes the bell, it goesB. goes the bell, goes itC. the bell goes, it goesD. the bell goes, goes it25. If Bob’s wife doesn’t agree to sign the papers. _________.A.Neither does heB. Neither won’t heC. neither will heD. he won’t neither26. They suggested not only ______to the party but we should also give a performance.A. did we goB. should we goC. we should goD. our going27. If you refuse to accept the invitation, __________ .A. so would sheB. so does sheC. so will sheD. neither will she28. Never _________ such great progress as they do today.A made so many young scientists B. did so many young scientists makeC. so many young scientists have madeD. have so many young scientists made29. _________ that we all went out, lying in the sun.A The weather so fine was B. So fine the weather wasC. So the weather was fineD. So fine was the weather30. Gone ________ when we were oppressed.A. are the daysB. the days areC. there were daysD. were there days31. ----You ought to have given them some advice.----_________, but who cared about what I said.A. So ought IB. So I oughtC. So I didD. So did I32. _________, I will not buy it. A. I like it much B. Like as I it muchC. Much do I like itD. Much as I like it33. Only in the way ____________ progress in your studies.A. can makeB. you mayC. can you makeD. will make34.----You seem to have learned the new English words by heart.----_______. A. So do I B. So I have C. So have I D. So I do35. In such a hurry __________ to the schoolyard that he was out of breath.A. ran heB. he ranC. did he runD. he was running36.Little____ about his own life at the meeting.A．did he talk B．he talked C．he was talking D．had he talked37.(2000春招) I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in my life ______ so happy.A. did I feelB. I feltC. I had feltD. had I felt38. (1985) ----Did you enjoy that trip----I'm afraid not. And ____________.A. my classmate don't eitherB. my classmates don't tooC. neither do my classmatesD. neither did my classmates39. (1995) Not until all the fish died in the river ______how serious the pollution was.A. did the villagers realizeB. the villagers realizeC. the villagers did realizeD. didn't the villagers realize40. (1991上海) Not only _________ polluted but ________ crowded.A. was the city ; were the streetsB. the city was; were the streetsC. was the city; the streets wereD. the city was ; the streets were*5*41. (1992上海) So ______ that no fish can live in it.A. the lake is shallowB. shallow the lake isC. shallow is the lakeD. is the lake shallow42. (1997上海) ----David has made great progress recently.---- ________, and _____________.A. So he has; so you haveB. So he has; so have youC. So has he; so have youD. So has he; so you have43. (1985) On the wall ________________ two large portraits.A. are hangedB. hangC. hungD. hanged44. Only when ________ 30 years old ______ to learn English.A. was he; did he beginB. he was; he beganC. was he; he beganD. he was; did he begin45. No sooner _____ asleep than she heard a knock at the door.A.she had fallenB. had she fallenC. she fellD. she did fall46. Next door to ours ________, who is no less than eighty.A. that lives an old manB. does an old man liveC. lives an old manD. where lives an old man47. Under a big tree _________, half asleep.A did sit a fat man B. a fat man satC. did a fat man sitD. sat a fat man48. North of Paris __the little town of Beauavis.A. laysB. does lieC. does layD. lies49. Seeing many people coming, away _________.A the thief ran B. run the thief C. ran the thief D. did the thief run50. There _____ shouts for help from the river.A. are comingB. cameC. did comeD. comes51. There happened to _________ a chance to visit the museum last month.A. isB. haveC. getD. be52. They came to the tall building, in front of ___________.A which stood two stone horses B. it stood two stone horsesC. which two stone horses stoodD. it did two stone horses stand53.Only ______ to borrow the magazines from the reading-room.A. are the teachers allowedB. the teachers are allowedC. are allowed the teachersD. did the teachers be allowed54.---- I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a lot.---- ____.A. So do IB. Neither do IC. I'm the sameD. So it is with me55. Not until he arrived home ________ that his wallet had been stolen.A he had found B. he found C. did he find D. had he found56. Neither is that ___________.A. your nor is that mineB. yours nor is that meC. yours nor that is mineD. yours nor is that mine57. ______ he realized it was too late to return home.A. No sooner it grew dark thanB. Hardly did it grow dark whenC. It was not until dark thatD. I t was until dark that58.---- Look! There _________.---- Oh, yes, there __________.A. go the fishermen; go theyB. go the fishermen; they goC. are the fishermen going; are goingD. went the fishermen; they went59. Only ________ what "revolution" meant.A did I realize B. then I realizedC. did I realize thenD. then did I realize60.____ that we all went out, lying in the sun.A．The weather so fine was B．So fine was the weatherC．So the weather was fine D．So was fine weather61. Under his arm ____ a pair of shoes which he had bought from the shop a few days before.A．is B．are C．was D．were62_____who had arrested him three times for carrying drugs.A．Before George stood the policemanB．Before George the policeman stoodC．Before the policeman stood GeorgeD．Before George did the policeman63、Then____ we had been looking forward to .A．came the hour B．the hour came C．comes the hour D．the hour is coming 64、Only when he started to explain _____the reason for this.A．she realized B．did she realize C．she had realized D．had she realized65、____succeed in doing anything.A．Only by working hard we can B．By only working hard we canC．Only by working hard can we D．Only we can by working hard*7*66、Not for a moment ____the truth of your story.A．he has doubted B．he doubts C．did he doubt D．he did doubt67、Nowhere else in the world _____ cheaper tailoring than in Hong Kong.A．a tourist can find B．can a tourist find C．a tourist will find D．a tourist has found 68、Hardly____ when the bus suddenly pulled away.A．they had got to the bus-stop B．they got to the bus-stopC．did they get to the bus-stop D．had they got to the bus -stop69、Mary doesn’t speak French, and _____ does Joan.A．not B．neither C．either D．so70、—Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother? —I don’t know, ____A．nor don’t I care B．nor do I care C．I don’t care neither D．I don’t care also 71、Not until the early years of the 19th century ____ what heat is.A．man did know B．man knew C．didn’t man know D．did man know72、After that we never saw her again nor _____ from her.A．did we hear B．we heard C．had we heard D．we have heard73、John won the first prize in the contest, ____. .A．So he did. B．So did he. C．So he did, too. D．So did he, too. 74. _____, he doesn’t study well.A．As he is clever B．He is as clever C．Clever as he is D．As clever he is 75. Out____, gun in hand.A．did he rush B．rushed he C．he rushed D．had he rushed76、Scarcely ____ the room ____ the phone rang.A．I had entered…when B．Had I entered…thenC．had I entered…when D．have I entered…when77、Only ___ save his life.A．can the doctor B．the doctor can C．will the doctor D．could the doctor 78、Hardly anybody____ the boy , because he is rude.A．does like B．likes C．do like D．like79、So well ____ that the teacher praised her.A．she had done her homework B．her homework had been doneC．did she do her homework D．she did her homework80、Only when _____ to know him will you get along with him.A．do you come B．will you come C．you come D．you will come1、B2、C3、A4、A5、B6、C7、C8、B9、D 10、B 11、B 12、D 13、A 14、A 15、C 16、A 17、C 18、B19、B 20、C 21、C 22、C 23、B 24、A25、A 26、A 27、D 28、B 29、C 30、A31、B 32、B 33、B 34、D 35、D 36、A37、A 38、C 39、A 40、AKeys:1~20: DBBDD BBABA BABAA ABAAB21~40: ABBBD BAAAB BDABC CAABC41~60 BAABB ABBAD BCDDA CDCBC61~80 ACABD DACCB BDBCB DCDDA81~88 BDBCD CDD*9*。