GRE Verbal模拟题 23
GRE(VERBAL)基础填空模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)
GRE（VERBAL）基础填空模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. PART ONEPART ONE （Time：30 minutes 38 Questions）SECTION 1Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.1．The instructor’s voice was so______that most students preferred taking a test over listening to its grating sound.正确答案：A，E解析：so…that…表示前后同义重复。
后文说这个人声音难听，所以空格也应该体现声音难听。
harsh刺耳的，cajoling甜言蜜语的，melodious悦耳的，muted 无声的，strident剌耳的，euphonious悦耳的。
答案选AE。
注：这里melodious 和euphonious是干扰项，同表示“悦耳的”且与答案构成反义。
知识模块：基础填空2．Originally (i)______mainly by young, urban audiences, rap music was ultimately (ii)______by its appreciative listeners of all ages across the country.正确答案：A，F解析：Originally和ultimately表示时间上的对比。
GRE(VERBAL)阅读模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析)
GRE（VERBAL）阅读模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. PART ONEPART ONE （Time：30 minutes 38 Questions）SECTION 3Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.Late-eighteenth-century English cultural authorities seemingly concurred that women readers should favor history, seen as edifying, than fiction, which was regarded as frivolous and reductive. Readers of Marry Ann Hanway’s novel Andrew Stewart, or the Northern Wanderer, learning that its heroine delights in David Hume’s and Edward Gibbon’s histories, could conclude that she was more virtuous and intelligent than her sister, who disdains such reading. Likewise, while the na?ve, novel-addicted protagonist of Jane Austen’s Northanger Abbey, Catherine Morland, finds history a chore, the sophisticated, sensible character Eleanor Tilney enjoys it more than she does the Gothic fiction Catherine prefers. Yet in both cases, the praise of history is more double-edged than it might actually appear. Many readers have detected a protofeminist critique of history in Catherine’s protest that she dislikes reading books filled with men “and hardly any women at all.”Hanway, meanwhile, brings a controversial political edge to her heroine’s reading, listing the era’s two most famous religious skeptics among her preferred authors. While Hume’s history was generally seen as being less objectionable as his philosophy, there were widespread doubts about his moral soundness even as a historian by the time that Hanway was writing, and Gibbon’s perceived tendency to celebrate classical paganism sparked controversy from the first appearance of his history of Rome.1．The author’s primary purpose is thatA．the evidence used in support of a particular argument is questionableB．a distinction between two genres of writing has been overlookedC．a particular issue is more complex than it might appearD．two apparently different works share common featuresE．two eighteenth-century authors held significantly different attitudes toward a particular正确答案：A解析：A选项中的a particular argument指的是文化权威们认为“女人应该多读历史”的观点，evidence指的是第二、三句。
GRE(VERBAL)综合模拟试卷6(题后含答案及解析)
GRE（VERBAL）综合模拟试卷6(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 2.SECTION 3Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.1．X-ray examination of a recently discovered painting—judged by some authorities to be a self-portrait by Vincent van Gogh—revealed an underimage of a woman’s face. Either van Gogh or another painter covered the first painting with the portrait now seen on the surface of the canvas. Because the face of the woman in the underimage also appears on canvases van Gogh is known to have painted, the surface painting must be an authentic self-portrait by van Gogh.The conclusion is properly drawn if which of the following is assumed?A．If a canvas already bears a painted image produced by an artist, a second artist who uses the canvas to produce a new painting tends to be influenced by the style of the first artist.B．Many painted canvases that can be reliably attributed to van Gogh contain underimages of subjects that appear on at least one other canvas that van Gogh is known to have painted.C．Any painted canvas incorrectly attributed to van Gogh would not contain an underimage of a subject that appears in authentic paintings by that artist.D．A painted canvas cannot be reliably attributed to an artist unless the authenticity of any underimage that painting might contain can be reliably attributed to the artist.E．A painted canvas cannot be reliably attributed to a particular artist unless a reliable x-ray examination of the painting is performed.正确答案：C解析：The passages argument makes a case for the painting’s being an authentic van Gogh self-portrait; it cites as evidence the fact that the canvas’s painted-over image is that of a woman who appears in other van Gogh paintings. This argument assumes that another artist would not have painted over the original image of the woman, so the correct answer is Choice C. Since the argument does not depend upon the painting’s stylistic elements or upon the commonalities between this and other van Gogh paintings, Choices A and B are incorrect. Choices D and E establish criteria for attribution beyond the passage’s argument, so they are incorrect as well.SECTION 1Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.2．This composer has never courted popularity: her rugged modernism seems to defy rather than to______the audience.正确答案：C解析：The first part of the sentence asserts that the composer has never sought popularity, while the second part of the sentence explains what the composers style does instead. The blank, then, must be filled with a verb that is roughly synonymous with “court popularity.”The choice that best does this is “woo;”its correctness is confirmed by the fact that it also forms the best contrast with “defy.”None of the other choices indicates the desire to be liked by or to win over audiences that a synonym of “court popularity” would require.Thus the correct answer is woo(Choice C).3．The sight of a single actor portraying several characters in the same scene is no longer a shock to the average moviegoer, such special-effects trickery having become so______.正确答案：D解析：The blank calls for a term that would explain why the special effects that once astonished moviegoers no longer do so. “Commonplace” does this by suggesting that the technology has become so familiar that it no longer surprises; therefore, it is the correct answer. None of the other options suggests a change that would result in desensitizing moviegoers to the special effects on-screen.Thus the correct answer is commonplace(Choice D).4．Early studies often concluded that the public was______the propagandistic influence of mass communications, but one recent study indicates that, on the contrary, mass communications seldom produce marked changes in social attitudes or actions.正确答案：C解析：The recent study found that mass communications had negligible effects on the public. Since the recent study’s findings are contrary to those of earlier ones, the earlier studies must have found that the influence of mass communications was significant; thus, the blank must be filled with a word that indicates that the public is swayed by such communications. Of the choices, only “susceptible to” does this. Two of the other choices, “unaware of”and “unimpressed by,”indicate the opposite. “Scornful of” also indicates some resistance to mass communications, as does “coping with,” so those are incorrect as well. Thus the correct answer is susceptible to(Choice C).5．The figure-skating pair’s convincing victory last week was particularly(i)______to their rivals, who were in peak form and complained privately about the judging. That the pair won when their rivals were(ii)______too is alsoimpressive.正确答案：B,D解析：The fact that the winning pair’s rivals were “in peak physical form”suggests that these rivals had a reasonable expectation of victory; the fact that they “complained about the judging” indicates that they regarded the pair’s victory as not completely deserved. These two considerations suggest that the rivals had a negative reaction to the winning pair’s victory; the only answer choice for Blank(i)that matches this meaning is “irksome,”so it is correct. The second sentence reinforces the implication that the rivals were also strongly deserving of victory, and the word “too”suggests that the performances of the winning pair and of their rivals were comparable in quality. This points to “terrific”as the correct answer choice for Blank(ii). Thus the correct answer is irksome(Choice B)and terrific(Choice D).6．In his initial works, the playwright made physical disease(i)______factor in the action; from this, his early critics inferred that he had a predilection for focusing on(ii)______subject matter.正确答案：A,F解析：A writer who has “a predilection for focusing” on a thing makes that thing prominent in his or her work, so the answer to Blank(i)must be synonymous with “prominent”or “significant”; the answer choice that matches this meaning is “pivotal,” so it is correct. The answer to Blank(ii)must be a word that describes the subject matter of physical disease, so the correct choice is “morbid.”Thus the correct answer is a pivotal(Choice A)and morbid(Choice F).7．We have yet to(i)______the assessment of Canada’s biodiversity. Most of the vertebrates have been assessed, but our challenge will be the assessment of invertebrates and plants. This task is(ii)______not only because of the high number of species, but also because of the diversity, each species requiring a different approach.正确答案：B,F解析：The sentence implies that Canada’s invertebrates and plants have not yet been assessed, so the assessment of Canada’s biodiversity is not finished; therefore, the correct answer to Blank(i)is “complete.”The assessment of invertebrates and plants is described as a “challenge,” so the answer to Blank(ii)must be synonymous with “difficult.” The only answer choice that matches this meaning is “daunting,” so it is correct.Thus the correct answer is complete(Choice B)and daunting(Choice F).8．The company’s efforts to improve safety were apparently(i)______, at least according to the company’s own data, which showed that the(ii)______ incidents with the potential to cause a serious accident declined significantly.Nevertheless, independent analysts argue that those statistics are(iii)______.These analysts maintain that the company has consistently underestimated both the probability and the likelyeffects of accidents in the sensitive and poorly understood environment in which the company is operating.正确答案：B,D,G解析：Since the analysts found that the company’s statistics underestimated the potential for accidents, the answer to Blank(iii)must reflect the inaccuracy or inapplicability of those statistics. “Deceptive”is the only choice that does so. Blank(i)must then be answered with a choice that reflects the more positive view of accident prevention mat deceptive statistics might provide. “Frustrated” efforts would imply the opposite, and while “innovative” has positive connotations, the passage is concerned with the effectiveness of safety measures rather than with their novelty. Thus “successful”is the correct choice. Finally, the word for Blank(ii)describes something related to potentially dangerous incidents that would indicate improved safety if it were to decline. If “impediments to” or “attention to” such incidents were to decline, that would likely have the opposite implication. However, fewer such incidents would presumably be a sign of improved safety; thus “frequency of” is the correct response. Thus the correct answer is successful(Choice B), frequency of(Choice D), and deceptive(Choice G).9．Researchers trying to make it possible to trace counterfeit documents to the printer that produced them are(i)______the fact that the rotating drums and mirrors inside laser printers are imperfect devices that leave unique patterns of banding in their output. Although these patterns are(ii)______to the naked eye, they can be(iii)______and analyzed by computer programs that the researchers have spent the past year devising.正确答案：A,D,G解析：The “although” that begins the second sentence suggests that there is a contrast between the way the naked eye perceives the patterns in question and the way computer programs can view them. The answers to Blank(ii)and Blank(iii)must therefore reflect this contrast. “Invisible” and “detected” are the only pairing that does this. Blank(i)calls for a characterization of the relationship between the researchers and the inevitability of imperfections in printing technology. Since the passage asserts that researchers are using computers to analyze these imperfections, “exploiting”is the best choice for Blank(i). “Facing” does not imply the level of engagement detailed in the passage, while “manipulating” suggests that the researchers’ focus might be on changing the imperfections themselves, rather than analyzing them.Thus the correct answer is exploiting(Choice A), invisible(Choice D), and detected(Choice G).10．In her startlingly original writing, she went further than any other twentieth-century author in English(perhaps in any language)in(i)______literary language and form,(ii)______stylistic conventions, and(iii)______a rich and diverse structure of meaning.正确答案：A,D,I解析：The writer’s work is described as startlingly original, and the sentence specifies three ways in which the author achieved this originality. Therefore each blank must be filled with a word that reflects innovative rather than conventional ways of writing. For Blank(i), the choice must be “reinventing,”because neither “canonizing”nor “stabilizing”would indicate a break with traditional forms or language. Blank(ii)must contain a word that describes the writer’s relationship with convention; “undoing”is the only one that reflects originality. Blank(iii)likewise requires a word that conveys the novelty of the writers work. Both “replicating” and “borrowing”suggest a derivative approach to writing, so they are incorrect. “Introducing”implies that the writer’s structure is new; therefore it is the correct choice.Thus the correct answer is reinventing(Choice A), undoing(Choice D), and introducing(Choice I).11．The media once portrayed the governor as anything but ineffective; they now, however, make her out to be the epitome of______.正确答案：A解析：The sentence contrasts the media’s former and current depictions of the governor. Since the governor was once presented as “anything but ineffective,”the media once saw her as extremely competent. It follows that the phrase completed by the blank will have the opposite meaning. To be the epitome of something is to be representative of that trait, so the blank must be filled with a word that implies incompetence. “Brilliance,”“dynamism,” and “punctiliousness” are all positive traits, so they do not work in this context. “Egoism,” while often thought of as a negative trait, does not imply incompetence. That leaves “fecklessness,”whose meaning includes ineffectiveness, making it a very good contrast with the first half of the sentence. Thus, the correct answer is fecklessness(Choice A).12．For most of the first half of the nineteenth century, science at the university was in ______state, despite the presence of numerous luminaries.正确答案：B解析：Since the presence of numerous luminaries, a positive thing, is portrayed as a factor that runs counter to the general state of science at the university, that general state must be negative. Therefore the word that fills the blank must describe a generally negative atmosphere. “Pathetic”certainly does. Of the other answers, “scintillating,”meaning brilliant, is just the opposite of what is called for, while “veracious” is similarly too positive. “Controversial” and “incendiary” both describe an argumentative or explosive environment that would not necessarily be mitigated by the presence of numerous luminaries.Thus the correct answer is a pathetic(Choice B).13．In a recent history of the Renaissance, by showing how the artistic efflorescence of that era was(i)______linked to its commercial vitality, Jardinedemonstrated that the spirit of acquisitiveness may be(ii)______that of cultural creativity.正确答案：B,E解析：The sentence talks about Jardine’s demonstrating a certain general relation between two social phenomena(“spirit of acquisitiveness” and “cultural creativity”)by showing that this relation was held between two particular historical instances of these phenomena(“commercial vitality”and “artistic efflorescence”of the Renaissance). Therefore, the phrase “(i)______linked to”and the answer to Blank(ii)must be identical or very similar in meaning. The only answer choices that are related in this way are “intimately”and “inseparable from”: if two things are “intimately linked,”then they are very plausibly “inseparable from” each other.Thus the correct answer is intimately(Choice B)and inseparable from(Choice E).14．The setting in which the concert took place(i)______: the groups performance was elegant and polished, but the sound, which seeped across the cold, unresonant high school auditorium, was oddly(ii)______, given the energy the players seemed to be putting into it.正确答案：A,E解析：The “but”in the sentence suggests that there is a contrast between the groups overall performance and the quality of the sound; since the former is given a positive description(“elegant and polished”), the description of the latter in Blank(ii)must be negative. Furthermore, the quality of the sound must be in contrast with the apparent energy of the performers. The only answer choice for Blank(ii)that meets these conditions is “tepid,” so it is correct. The sentence as a whole suggests that the setting of the concert had a negative effect on the performance; the answer choice for Blank(i)that best fits this meaning is “exacted a toll,”so it is correct.Answer Choice B for Blank(i), “encouraged nervousness,” is also negative in meaning, but it is incorrect, because the sentence does not talk about the psychological state of the musicians or the audience.Thus the correct answer is exacted a toll(Choice A)and tepid(Choice E).15．The governor has long been obsessed with excising the media from the politician-public relationship. That’s been the unifying aim of all her seemingly disconnected ventures since entering public life: a determination to(i)______, and eventually (ii)______, the media’s hold on political communication.正确答案：B,F解析：Blanks(i)and(ii)must describe what the governor wants to do to “the media’s hold on political communication.” From the first sentence, it is clear that the governor’s goal is to “excise”or eliminate the media as an intermediary between politicians and the public; this must be the meaning of the answer to Blank(ii), which describes the governor’s eventual, or long-term, goal. The only answer choice forBlank(ii)that has this meaning is “end,” so it is correct. The answer to Blank(i)must be a word that denotes the initial phase of a gradual process that ends with the complete elimination of the media’s influence; the answer choice that fits this meaning is “erode,” so it is correct. Thus the correct answer is erode(Choice B)and end(Choice F).16．Female labor was essential to the growth of eighteenth-century European textile industries, yet it remains difficult to(i)______. Despite significant(ii)______in research about women, the role of female labor remains the single most glaring omission in most economic analyses of the history of European industrialization. Women far outnumbered men as workers in the textile industries, yet wage indices and discussions of growth, cost of living, and the like(iii)______about the male labor force.正确答案：A,D,G解析：The second sentence asserts that the role of women is generally left out from most analyses of industrialization. Given this omission, it follows that data about female labor would be hard to come by, making it difficult to measure its growth; therefore “track” is the correct answer for Blank(i). As for the other choices, since the author asserts that the role of female labor has routinely been overlooked, “ignore”cannot be correct. The conjunction “yet” in the first sentence indicates that the phrase containing Blank(i)contrasts with the importance of female labor; since “overestimate”emphasizes this importance, it also cannot be correct. The second sentence places research about female labor during industrialization into the larger context of research about women; the word “despite”that begins the sentence indicates that the latter runs counter to trends in the larger field. Neither “gaps” nor “disinterest” would provide the necessary contrast between the two, since “gaps” in the larger field of research about women would mirror the omission of the role of female labor and “disinterest”would explain such omissions.”Advances”does provide a contrast, and is thus the correct answer. In the sentence containing Blank(iii), “yet” indicates a contrast between the makeup of the workforce and the availability of data about the workforce. Because the author says that women outnumbered men in the workforce, the contrast would likely require data that mostly concerned men. Of the three choices for Blank(iii), “incorporate data only” conveys this sense. The other two options can be ruled out because of the previous sentences assertion that female labor is ignored by economic analyses. With women being excluded from the data, it follows that it is mostly about men; therefore it does not make sense to assert that information about male labor is suppressed or too infrequently discussed.Thus the correct answer is track(Choice A), advances(Choice D), and incorporate data only(Choice G).17．It is a sad but just indictment of some high school history textbooks that they frequently report as(i)______claims that historians hotly debate or that are even completely(ii)______by(iii)______primary sources.正确答案：A,F,I解析：The use of the word “indictment,”meaning a charge of wrongdoing, indicates that the sentence is sharply criticizing the textbooks in question and that the blanks must be completed with words that support this critique. Blank(i)describes how such textbooks characterize historical claims that are hotly debated. Since such claims are in fact controversial, it would not be surprising or inaccurate for textbooks to report them as such, so “controversial” is not correct. Of the other two responses, “sensational” has some merit, suggesting that the textbooks resort to a melodramatic presentation of historical debate; however, “factual” is the better choice, implying as it does gross inaccuracies. That the critique of the textbooks centers upon accuracy rather than tone is confirmed by the rest of the sentence, which deals with the relationship between the textbooks’claims and the primary sources upon which historical scholarship is based. The “even” that precedes Blank(ii)calls for a word that is yet further away from factual than “hotly debated.”Of the choices, only “contradicted”fits this criterion; the other two options are the opposite of what is needed. Finally, Blank(iii)calls for a word that describes the primary sources. Since the critique of the textbooks’ accuracy rests upon their divergence from these sources, the sources themselves must be characterized as authoritative. “Reliable” does exactly that, while “dubious” and “incomplete” suggest the opposite.Thus the correct answer is factual(Choice A), contradicted(Choice F), and reliable(Choice I).18．The reason minimum temperatures are going up more rapidly than maximums may involve cloud cover and evaporative cooling. Clouds tend to keep the days cooler by reflecting sunlight, and the nights warmer by(i)______loss of heat from Earths surface. Greater amounts of moisture in the soil from additional precipitation and cloudiness(ii)______the daytime temperature increases because part of the solar energy is(iii)______the evaporation of that moisture.正确答案：A,F,I解析：The second sentence asserts that clouds make for warmer nights by doing something to the loss of heat from Earth. Since less heat lost means more warmth, a word that means preventing or slowing heat loss is required for Blank(i). “Inhibiting”is therefore the answer. “Exacerbating” has the opposite meaning, while “replicating”makes no sense in this context. Since the first sentence asserts that daytime highs are increasing less rapidly than nighttime lows, Blank(ii)calls for a verb that indicates a moderation in rises in temperature during the day, and “restrain”has this sense. “Augment,”meaning to increase, has the opposite meaning, while “mask”would indicate that measurements are not reflecting actual increases in temperature, an idea not supported by the rest of the passage. The “because” in the last sentence indicates that the second clause explains how daytime temperature increases are restrained; it does so by making reference to solar energy and the evaporation of moisture. Because solar energy is responsible for increases in daytime temperature, the answer to Blank(iii)requires a word that explains how evaporation can lessen or divert thatenergy for other purposes. “Used up in” does this because it indicates that less solar energy is available to warm the Earth’s surface when a portion of it is instead devoted to evaporation. Neither “intensified by”nor “unrelated to”indicate a connection between solar energy and evaporation that would lessen warming.Thus the correct answer is inhibiting(Choice A), restrain(Choice F), and used up in(Choice I).19．In searching for norms in the sense of authoritative standards of what ought to be, rather than in the sense of what is average and thus can be considered normal, normative ethics aims to______.正确答案：D解析：The sentence defines normative ethics by specifying the sense of the “norms”for which it searches. Since these are authoritative ethical standards, the word that fills the blank must describe the act of establishing those standards. The choice that does this is “dictate.”Of the other choices, “predict”suggests that normative ethics merely attempts to describe future behavior rather than establish what guidelines should shape it, while “personalize”suggests a concern with individual circumstances that is not otherwise addressed in the sentence. “Mitigate”(to moderate or alleviate)is likewise incongruent with the rest of the sentence, while “question”does not address normative ethics’concern with establishing rather than questioning norms. Thus the correct answer is dictate(Choice D).20．When she first came to France from Bulgaria, she was hardly the______student she later made herself out to be, since she had access to considerable family wealth.正确答案：C解析：The students considerable family wealth is cited as proof that her later depiction of herself was false; the word that fills the blank describes this later depiction, so it must be an adjective that is incompatible with wealth. “Impecunious,”meaning penniless, is therefore the correct choice. None of the other responses is dependent on wealth—her family’s finances would have no bearing on whether the student was actually naive, precocious(advanced for her age), ambitious, or assiduous(diligent)—so they are incorrect. Thus the correct answer is impecunious(Choice C).21．Researchers have observed chimpanzees feigning injury in order to influence other members of the group, thus showing that the capacity to______is not uniquely human.正确答案：D解析：The words “thus showing” suggest that the capacity that is not unique to humans was demonstrated by the activity the researchers observed. Since that activity —feigning injury to influence others—requires the capacity to transmit falseinformation, “dissemble” is the correct answer. Because there is no indication that the chimpanzees worked together to feign injury, “conspire”is incorrect. None of the other options—“dominate,”“instruct,”or “cooperate”—suggests the pretense involved in feigning an injury, so they are all incorrect.Thus the correct answer is dissemble(Choice D).22．Instant celebrity is often(i)______asset because if there is no(ii)______to interest the public—no stage or screen triumphs, no interesting books, no heroic exploits—people quickly become bored.正确答案：A,F解析：The sentence says that people quickly become bored with those who achieve sudden fame in the absence of the condition named by Blank(ii), implying that instant celebrity often does not last long; among the answer choices for Blank(i)only “a fleeting”matches this meaning, so it is correct. The answer to Blank(ii)must be an umbrella term for things listed in the second part of the sentence as defeaters of boredom: “screen triumphs,”“interesting books,”“heroic exploits.”The answer choice that best matches this meaning is “real achievement,”so it is correct. “Competing attraction” also seems a plausible choice for Blank(ii), but it is incorrect because the sentence does not mention competition between attractions.Thus the correct answer is a fleeting(Choice A)and real achievement(Choice F).。
GRE_Verbal_Sample
SECTION 1Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered words or set of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole. 1.Agronomists are increasingly worried about “desert- ification,” the phenomenon that is turning many ofthe world’s ----fields and pastures into----wastelands, unable to support the people living onthem.(A) fertile.. barren(B) productive.. blooming(C) arid.. thriving(D) poorest.. marginal(E) largest.. saturated2. Old beliefs die hard: even when jobs became---the long-standing fear that unemployment couldreturn at a moment’s notice----.(A) vacant.. perished(B) easier.. changed(C) plentiful.. persisted(D) protected.. subsided(E) available.. receded3. Intellectual----and flight from boredom havecaused him to rush pell-mell into situations that less----spirits might hesitate to approach.(A) restlessness.. adventurous(B) agitation.. passive(C) resilience.. quiescent(D) tranquility.. versatile(E) curiosity.. lethargic4. Science advances in----spiral in that each newconceptual scheme----that phenomena explainedby its predecessors and adds to those explanations.(A) a discontinuous.. decries(B) a repetitive.. vitiates(C) a widening.. embraces(D) an anomalous.. captures(E) an explosive.. questions5. Politeness is not a----attribute of humanbehavior, but rather a central virtue, onewhose very existence is increasingly being----by the faddish requirement to “speakone’s mind.”(A) superficial.. threatened(B) pervasive.. undercut(C) worthless.. forestalled(D) precious.. repudiated(E) trivial.. affected6. The painting was larger than it appeared to be, for,hanging in a darkened recess of the chapel, it was----by the perspective.(A) improved (B) aggrandized(C) embellished (D) jeopardized(E) diminished7. Because folk art is neither completely rejected nor accepted as an art form by art historians, their finalevaluations of it necessarily remain----.(A) arbitrary (B) estimable (C) orthodox(D) unspoken (E) equivocalDirections: In each of the following questions, a related pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair.8. REFEREE: FIELD::(A) scientist: results (B) mediator: deadlock(C) gladiator: contest (D) teacher: classroom(E) judge: courtroom9. BLUSH: EMBARRASSMENT::(A) scream: anger (B) smile: pleasure(C) laugh: outrage (D) love: sentimentality(E) whine: indecision10. TANGO: DANCE::(A) arabesque: theme(B) tonality: instrumentation(C) rhyme: pattern (D) stanza: line(E) elegy: poem11. CELL: MEMBRANE::(A) door: jamb (B) yard: sidewalk(C) seed: hull (D) head: halo(E) mountain: clouds12. HYMN: PRAISE::(A) waltz: joy (B) liturgy: rite(C) lullaby: child (D) dirge: grief(E) prayer: congregation13. EMOLLIENT: SOOTHE::(A) dynamo: generate (B) elevation: level(C) precipitation: fall (D) hurricane: track(E) negative: expose14. IMPLACABLE: COMPROMISE::(A) perfidious: conspire(B) irascible: avenge(C) honest: swindle(D) amenable: deceive(E) hasty: prevail15. MISANTHROPE: PEOPLE::(A) patriot: country(B) reactionary: government(C) curmudgeon: children(D) xenophobe: strangers(E) miscreant: dogma16. MILK: EXTRACT::(A) squander: enjoy (B) exploit: utilize(C) research: investigate (D) hire: manage(E) wheedle: flatterMany critics of Eamily Bronte’s novel Wuthering Heights see its second part as a counterpoint thatcomments on, if it does not reverse, the first part,(5) where a “romantic” reading receives more confirmation.Seeing the two parts as a whole is encouraged by thenovel’s sophisticated structure, revealed in its complexuse of narrators and time shifts. Granted that thepresence of these elements need not argue an authorialawareness of novelistic construction comparable to that (10) of Henry James, their presence does encourage attemptsto unify the novel’s heterogeneous parts. However,any interpretation that seeks to unify all of the nove l’sdiverse elements is bound to be somewhat unconvincing.This is not because such an interpretation necessarily (15) stiffens into a thesis (although rigidity in any interpre- tation of this or of any novel is always a danger), but because Wuthering Heights has recalcitrant elements of undeniable power that, ultimately, resist inclusion in an all-encompassing interpretation. In this respect, Wuthering Heights shares a feature of Hamlet.17. According to the passage, which of the following isa true statement about the first and second parts ofWuthering Heights?(A) The second part has received more attentionfrom critics.(B) The second part has little relation to the firstpart.(C) The second part annuls the force of the firstpart.(D) The second part provides less substantiationfor a “romantic” reading.(E) The second part is better because it is morerealistic.18. Which of the following inferences about HenryJames’s awareness of novelistic construction isbest supported by the passage?(A) James, more than any other novelist, wasaware of the difficulties of novelisticconstruction.(B) James, was very aware of the details of novel-istic construction.(C) James’s awareness of novelistic constructionderived from his reading of Bronte.(D) James’s awareness of novelistic constructionhas led most commentators to see unity inhis individual novels.(E) James’s awareness of novelistic constructionprecluded him from violating the unity ofhis novels.19. The author of the passage would be most likely to agree that an interpretation of a novel should(A) not try to unite heterogeneous elements in thenovel(B) not be inflexible in its treatment of the elements in the novel(C) not argue that the complex use of narrators orof time shifts indicates a sophisticated struc-ture(D) concentrate on those recalcitrant elements ofthe novel that are outside the novel’s mainstructure(E) primarily consider those elements of novelisticconstruction of which the author of the novelwas aware20. The author of the passage suggests which of thefollowing about Hamlet?I.Hamlet has usually attracted critical interpreta-tions that tend to stiffen into theses.II.Hamlet has elements that are not amenableto an all-encompassing critical interpretation.III. Hamlet is less open to an all-encompassingcritical interpretation than is WutheringHeights.IV. Hamlet has not received a critical interpretationthat has been widely accepted by readers.(A) I only (B) II only (C) I and IV only(D) III and IV only (E) I, II, and III onlyThe determination of the sources of copper ore used in the manufacture of copper and bronze artifactsof Bronze Age civilizations would add greatly to ourknowledge of cultural contacts and trade in that era.(5) Researchers have analyzed artifacts and ores for theirconcentrations of elements, but for a variety of reasons,these studies have generally failed to provide evidence ofthe sources of the copper used in the objects. Elementalcomposition can vary within the same copper-ore lode, (10) usually because of varying admixtures of other elements,especially iron, lead, zinc, and arsenic. And high con-centrations of cobalt or zinc, noticed in some artifacts,appear in a variety of copper-ore sources. Moreover,the processing of ores introduced poorly controlled (15) changes in the concentrations of minor and trace ele-ments in the resulting metal. Some elements evaporateduring smelting and roasting; different temperaturesand processes produce different degrees of loss. Finally,flux, which is sometimes added during smelting to (20) remove waste material from the ore, could add quanti-ties of elements to the final product.An elemental property that is unchanged throughthese chemical processes is the isotopic composition of each metallic element in the ore. Isotopic composition, (25) the percentages of the different isotopes of an elementin a given sample of the element, is therefore particularlysuitable as an indicator of the sources of the ore. Ofcourse, for this purpose it is necessary to find an elementwhose isotopic composition is more or less constant (30) throughout a given ore body, but varies from one copperore body to another or, at least, from one geographicregion to another.The ideal choice, when isotopic composition is used to investigate the source of copper ore, would seem to (35) be copper itself. It has been shown that small butmeasurable variations occur naturally in the isotopiccomposition of copper. However, the variations arelarge enough only in rare ores; between samples ofthe common ore minerals of copper, isotopic variations (40) greater than the measurement error have not beenfound. An alternative choice is lead, which occurs inmost copper and bronze artifacts of the Bronze Age inamounts consistent with the lead being derived fromthe copper ores and possibly from the fluxes. The (45) isotopic composition of lead often varies from onesource of common copper ore to another, with varia-tions exceeding the measurement error; and preliminarystudies indicate virtually uniform isotopic composition of the lead from a single copper-ore source. While (50) some of the lead found in an artifact may have beenintroduced from flux or when other metals wereadded to the copper ore, lead so added in Bronze Age processing would usually have the same isotopic compo-sition as the lead in the copper ore. Lead isotope studies (55) may thus prove useful for interpreting the archaeo-logical record of the Bronze Age.21. The primary purpose of the passage is to(A) discuss the techniques of analyzing leadisotope composition(B) propose a way to determine the origin ofthe copper in certain artifacts(C) resolve a dispute concerning the analysis ofcopper ore(D) describe the deficiencies of a currently usedmethod of chemical analysis of certainmetals(E) offer an interpretation of the archaeologicalrecord of the Bronze Age22. The author first mentions the addition of flux during smelting (lines 18-21) in order to(A) give a reason for the failure of elementalcomposition studies to determine ore sources(B) illustrate differences between various BronzeAge civilizations(C) show the need for using high smeltingtemperatures(D) illustrate the uniformity of lead isotopecomposition(E) explain the success of copper isotopecomposition analysis23. The author suggests which of the following about a Bronze Age artifact containing high concentrationsof cobalt or zinc?(A) It could not be reliably tested for its elementalcomposition.(B) It could not be reliably tested for its copperisotope composition.(C) It could not be reliably tested for its leadisotope composition.(D) It could have been manufactured from orefrom any one of a variety of sources.(E) It could have been produced by the additionof other metals during the processing of thecopper ore.24. According to the passage, possible sources of thelead found in a copper or bronze artifact includewhich of the following?I.The copper ore used to manufacture theartifactII. Flux added during processing of the copper ore III. Other metal added during processing of thecopper ore(A) I only (B) II only (C) III only(D) II and III only (E) I, II , and III25. The author rejects copper as the “ideal choice”mentioned in line 33 because(A) the concentration of copper in BronzeAge artifacts varies(B) elements other than copper may beintroduced during smelting(C) the isotopic composition of copperchanges during smelting(D) among common copper ores, differencesin copper isotope composition are toosmall(E) within a single source of copper ore,copper isotope composition can varysubstantially26. The author makes which of the followingstatements about lead isotope composition?(A) It often varies from one copper-ore sourceto another.(B) It sometimes varies over short distances ina single copper-ore source.(C) It can vary during the testing of artifacts,producing a measurement error.(D) It frequently changes during smelting androasting.(E) It may change when artifacts are buriedfor thousands of years.27. It can be inferred from the passage that the useof flux in processing copper ore can alter thelead isotope composition of the resulting metalEXCEPT when(A) there is a smaller concentration of lead inthe flux than in the copper ore(B) the concentration of lead in the flux isequivalent to that of the lead in the ore(C) some of the lead in the flux evaporatesduring processing(D) any lead in the flux has the same isotopiccomposition as the lead in the ore(E) other metals are added during processingDirections: Each question below consists of a word printed in capital letters, followed by five lettered words or phrases. Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters.Since some of the questions require you to distinguish fine shades of meaning, be sure to consider all the choices before deciding which one is best.28. MUTTER:(A) please oneself (B) resolve conflict(C) speak distinctly (D) digress randomly(E) omit willingly29. TRANSPARENT:(A) indelicate (B) neutral (C) opaque(D) somber (E) tangible30. ENSEMBLE:(A) complement (B) cacophony(C) coordination (D) preface(E) solo31. RETAIN:(A) allocate (B) distract (C) relegate(D) discard (E) misplace32. RADIATE:(A) approach (B) cool (C) absorb(D) tarnish (E) vibrate33. EPICURE:(A) a person ignorant about art(B) a person dedicated to a cause(C) a person motivated by greed(D) a person indifferent to food(E) a person insensitive to emotions34. PREV ARICATION:(A) tact (B) consistency (C) veracity(D) silence (E) proof35. AMORTIZE:(A) loosen (B) denounce(C) sudden ly increase one’s indebtedness(D) wisely cause to flourish(E) grudgingly make provision for36. EMACIATION:(A) invigoration (B) glorification(C) amelioration (D) inundation(E) magnification37. UNALLOYED:(A) destabilized (B) unregulated(C) assimilated (D) adulterated(E) condensed38. MINATORY:(A) reassuring (B) genuine(C) creative (D) obvious (E) awkward。
GRE(VERBAL)基础填空模拟试卷31(题后含答案及解析)
GRE（VERBAL）基础填空模拟试卷31(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. PART ONEPART ONE （Time：30 minutes 38 Questions）SECTION 1Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.1．The______of new orders meant that enough work had arrived to keep everyone at the plant working overtime.正确答案：A，F解析：that引导宾语从句，前后同义重复。
空格与enough(充足的)同义重复。
influx大量，instigation唆使，abeyance中止，diminution减小，suspension中止，affluence大量答案选AF。
注：这里abeyance和suspension是干扰项，同表示“中止”。
知识模块：基础填空2．Many important inventions are the result of (i)______; for example, Chinese alchemists accidentally discovered gunpowder while trying to create (ii)______that would make their emperor immortal.正确答案：C，E解析：分号说明前后同义重复；that引导定语从句，前后同义重复.第一空与accidentally(偶然地)同义重复。
GRE(VERBAL)强化填空模拟试卷18(题后含答案及解析)
GRE（VERBAL）强化填空模拟试卷18(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. PART ONEPART ONE （Time：30 minutes 38 Questions）SECTION 1Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.1．Job failure means being fired from a job, being asked to resign, or leaving (i)____ to protect yourself because you had very strong evidence that one of the first two was (ii)____.A．voluntarily…impendingB．abruptly…significantC．knowingly…operativeD．understandably…pertinentE．eventually…intentional正确答案：A解析：空格(i)：- 方程等号：or连接平行结构，方向相同但是有差异。
- 强词和对应：前文描述工作失败的三种状态，其一是被解雇(被迫离开)，其二是被要求辞职(间接被迫离开)，因此空格(i)体现“不被迫”离开，即“主动”离开。
voluntarily自愿地，abruptly突然地，knowingly故意地，understandably可理解地，eventually终于。
GRE(VERBAL)强化填空模拟试卷23(题后含答案及解析)
GRE（VERBAL）强化填空模拟试卷23(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. PART ONEPART ONE （Time：30 minutes 38 Questions）SECTION 1Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.1．It was a war the queen and her more prudent counselors wished to (i)______ if they could and were determined in any event to (ii)______ as long as possible.A．provoke…delayB．denounce…denyC．instigate…concealD．curtail…promoteE．avoid…postpone正确答案：E解析：空格(i)：- 方程等号：war和the queen之间省略that。
that引导定语从句，修饰war，前后句意同义重复。
- 强词和对应：根据后文得知女王的顾问们是谨慎的(prudent)，因此prudent指向空格(i)，取同，体现女王和顾问们对战争采取“谨慎的”态度。
provoke激起，denounce公开指责，instigate激起，curtail 限制，avoid避免。
选项D和E合适，即“不轻易发动战争”。
GRE(VERBAL)强化填空模拟试卷10(题后含答案及解析)
GRE（VERBAL）强化填空模拟试卷10(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. PART ONEPART ONE （Time：30 minutes 38 Questions）SECTION 1Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.1．As late as 1891 a speaker assured his audience that since profitable farming was the result of natural ability rather than (i)____, an education in agriculture was (ii)____.A．instruction…vitalB．effort…difficultC．learning…uselessD．science…intellectualE．luck…senseless正确答案：C解析：空格(i)：-方程等号：rather than而不是，反义重复。
- 强词和对应：natural ability指向空格(i)，根据rather than取反，体现“非自然能力”。
instruction 教导，effort努力，learning学习，science科学，luck运气。
选项A、B、C、D 合适。
空格(ii)：- 方程等号：since表示因果，同义重复。
GRE(VERBAL)强化填空模拟试卷25(题后含答案及解析)
GRE（VERBAL）强化填空模拟试卷25(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. PART ONEPART ONE （Time：30 minutes 38 Questions）SECTION 1Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.1．The fact that a theory is (i)______ does not necessarily (ii)______ its scientific truth, which must be established by unbiased controlled studies.A．plausible...ensureB．popular…limitC．venerable…overrideD．cohesive…undermineE．cumbersome…alleviate正确答案：A解析：空格(i)+空格(ii)：- 根据题意，一个具有空格(i)特征的理论未必空格(ii)它的科学真理性。
not necessarily表示未必：if you say that something is not necessarily the case，you mean that it may not be the case or is not always the case。
体现对某种特征的否定，例如“好的未必就好”，“做坏事的未必就是坏人”。
GRE分类模拟题23_真题(含答案与解析)-交互(876)
GRE分类模拟题23(总分100, 做题时间90分钟)基础填空1.Mongolian gazelles are the dominant herbivore in Mongolia"s eastern steppe, but they are ______ by the ongoing loss of their habitat.SSS_MULTI_SELA threatenedB trespassedC invadedD establishedE strengthenedF menaced该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2.5答案:A,F[解析] ● but说明前后反义重复。
● 空格与dominant(处于支配地位的)反义重复。
● threaten威胁，trespass冒犯，invade冒犯，establish创立，strengthen加强，menace威胁。
答案选AF。
● 注：这里trespass和invade是干扰项，同表示“冒犯”。
2.A trained anthropologist raised in an **munity, Sven Haakanson has stressed the importance of **munities ______ anthropologists so that **munities can take an active role in ______ their own cultural heritage.SSS_MULTI_SELA oustingB collaborating withC contending withD describingE exemptingF depleting该题您未回答:х该问题分值: 2.5答案:B,D[解析] ● so that说明前后同义重复。
● 第一空与take an active role in(扮演……角色)同义重复。
GRE(VERBAL)综合模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析)
GRE（VERBAL）综合模拟试卷4(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 2. 3. 4.SECTION 1Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.1．It is refreshing to read a book about our planet by an author who does not allow facts to be(i)______by politics: well aware of the political disputes about the effects of human activities on climate and biodiversity, this author does not permit them to(ii)______his comprehensive description of what we know about our biosphere. He emphasizes the enormous gaps in our knowledge, the sparseness of our observations, and the(iii)______, calling attention to the many aspects of planetary evolution that must be better understood before we can accurately diagnose the condition of our planet.正确答案：A，E，I解析：The overall tone of the passage is clearly complimentary. To understand what the author of the book is being complimented on, it is useful to focus on the second blank. Here, we must determine what word would indicate something that the author is praised for not permitting. The only answer choice that fits the case is “obscure,”since enhancing and underscoring are generally good things to do, not things one should refrain from doing. Choosing “obscure” clarifies the choice for the first blank; the only choice that fits well with “obscure” is “overshadowed.” Notice that trying to fill blank(i)without filling blank(ii)first is very hard—each choice has at least some initial plausibility. Since the third blank requires a phrase that matches “enormous gaps”and “sparseness of our observations,”the best choice is “superficiality of our theories.”Thus the correct answer is overshadowed(Choice A), obscure(Choice E), and superficiality of our theories(Choice I).2．Vain and prone to violence, Caravaggio could not handle success: the more his(i)______as an artist increased, the more(ii)______his life became.正确答案：C，D解析：In this sentence, what follows the colon must explain or spell out what precedes it. So roughly what the second part must say is that as Caravaggio became more successful, his life got more out of control. When one looks for words to fill the blanks, it becomes clear that “tumultuous” is the best fit for blank(ii), since neither of the other choices suggests being out of control. And for blank(i), the best choice is “eminence,”since to increase in eminence is a consequence of becoming more successful. It is true that Caravaggio might also increase in notoriety, but an increasein notoriety as an artist is not as clear a sign of success as an increase in eminence.Thus the correct answer is eminence(Choice C)and tumultuous(Choice D).3．In parts of the Arctic, the land grades into the landfast ice so______that you can walk off the coast and not know you are over the hidden sea.正确答案：B解析：The word that fills the blank has to characterize how the land grades into the ice in a way that explains how you can walk off the coast and over the sea without knowing it. The word that does that is “imperceptibly”; if the land grades imperceptibly into the ice, you might well not know that you had left the land. Describing the shift from land to ice as permanent, irregular, precarious, or relentless would not help to explain how you would fail to know.Thus the correct answer is imperceptibly(Choice B).SECTION 2Directions: In each of the following questions, a related pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair.4．Although it does contain some pioneering ideas, one would hardly characterize the work as______.A orthodoxB eccentricC originalD triflingE conventionalF innovative正确答案：C，F解析：The word “Although” is a crucial signpost here. The work contains some pioneering ideas, but apparently it is not overall a pioneering work. Thus the two words that could fill the blank appropriately are “original” and “innovative.” Note that “orthodox” and “conventional” are two words that are very similar in meaning, but neither one completes the sentence sensibly.Thus the correct answer is original(Choice C)and innovative(Choice F).5．It was her view that the country’s problems had been______by foreign technocrats, so that to ask for such assistance again would be counterproductive.A amelioratedB ascertainedC diagnosedD exacerbatedE overlookedF worsened正确答案：D，F解析：The sentence relates a piece of reasoning, as indicated by the presence of “so that”: asking for the assistance of foreign technocrats would be counterproductive because of the effects such technocrats have had already. This means that the technocrats must have bad effects; that is, they must have “exacerbated”or “worsened”the country’s problems.Thus the correct answer is exacerbated(Choice D)and worsened(Choice F).Reviving the practice of using elements of popular music in classical composition, an approach that had been in hibernation in the United States during the 1960s, composer Philip Glass(born 1937)embraced the ethos of popular music in his compositions. Glass based two symphonies on music by rock musicians David Bowie and Brian Eno, but the symphonies’ sound is distinctively his. Popular elements do not appear out of place in Glass’s classical music, which from its early days has shared certain harmonies and rhythms with rock music. Yet this use of popular elements has not made Glass a composer of popular music. His music is not a version of popular music packaged to attract classical listeners; it is high art for listeners steeped in rock rather than the classics.Select only one answer choice.6．The passage addresses which of the following issues related to Glass’s use of popular elements in his classical compositions?A．How it is regarded by listeners who prefer rock to the classicsB．How it has affected the commercial success of Glass’s musicC．Whether it has contributed to a revival of interest among other composers in using popular elements in their compositionsD．Whether it has had a detrimental effect on Glass’s reputation as a composer of classical musicE．Whether it has caused certain of Glass’s works to be derivative in quality正确答案：E解析：One of the important points that the passage makes is that when Glass uses popular elements in his music, the result is very much his own creation(it is “distinctively his”). In other words, the music is far from being derivative. Thus one issue that the passage addresses is the one referred to in answer Choice E—it answers it in the negative. The passage does not discuss the impact of Glass’s use of popular elements on listeners, on the commercial success of his music, on other composers, nor on Glass’s reputation, so none of Choices A through D is correct.The correct answer is Choice E.7．The passage suggests that Glass’s work displays which of the following qualities?A．A return to the use of popular music in classical compositionsB．An attempt to elevate rock music to an artistic status more closely approximating that of classical musicC．A long-standing tendency to incorporate elements from two apparently disparate musical styles正确答案：A，C解析：To answer this question, it is important to assess each answer choice independently. Since the passage says that Glass revived the use of popular music inclassical compositions, answer Choice A is clearly correct. On the other hand, the passage also denies that Glass composes popular music or packages it in a way to elevate its status, so answer Choice B is incorrect. Finally, since Glass’s style has always mixed elements of rock with classical elements, Choice C is correct.Thus the correct answer is Choice A and Choice C.8．Select the sentence that distinguishes two ways of integrating rock and classical music.正确答案：His music is not a version of popular music packaged to attract classical listeners; it is high art for listeners steeped in rock rather than the classics.解析：Almost every sentence in the passage refers to incorporating rock music in classical compositions, but only the last sentence distinguishes two ways of doing so. It distinguishes between writing rock music in a way that will make it attractive to classical listeners and writing classical music that will be attractive to listeners familiar with rock.Thus the correct answer is the last sentence of the passage.Ragwort was accidentally introduced to New Zealand in the late nineteenth century and, like so many invading foreign species, quickly became a pest. By the 1920s, the weed was rampant. What made matters worse was that its proliferation coincided with sweeping changes in agriculture and a massive shift from sheep farming to dairying. Ragwort contains a battery of toxic and resilient alkaloids: even honey made from its flowers contains the poison in dilute form. Livestock generally avoid grazing where ragwort is growing, but they will do so once it displaces grass and clover in their pasture. Though sheep can eat it for months before showing any signs of illness, if cattle eat it they sicken quickly, and fatality can even result.9．The passage suggests that the proliferation of ragwort was particularly ill-timed because itA．coincided with and exacerbated a decline in agricultureB．took place in conditions that enabled the ragwort to spread faster than it otherwise would have doneC．led to an increase in the amount of toxic compounds contained in the plants D．prevented people from producing honey that could be eaten safelyE．had consequences for livestock that were more dramatic than they otherwise would have been正确答案：E解析：The passage mentions that ragwort s impact on New Zealand’s agriculture was especially severe because the plant s proliferation “coincided with sweeping changes in agriculture that saw a massive shift from sheep farming to dairying.” The severity of the impact was increased because cattle, which were displacing sheep, are much more sensitive than sheep to the toxins contained in ragwort. This points toChoice E as the correct answer choice. Nothing in the passage suggests that the proliferation of ragwort coincided with a decline in agriculture(Choice A), occurred faster than it might have done(Choice B), or made the plants more toxic(Choice C). There is a suggestion that ragwort honey might not be safe for humans, but there is no indication that this made the timing of the proliferation particularly unfortunate.10．The passage implies which of the following about the problems ragwort poses to dairy farmers?A．Milk produced by cows that eat ragwort causes illness in humans who drink it.B．Ragwort can supplant the plants normally eaten by cattle.C．Cattle, unlike sheep, are unable to differentiate between ragwort and healthy grazing.正确答案：B解析：Choice B is correct. The question asks about the problems ragwort poses to dairy farmers.Choice A is incorrect: The passage does not mention the effect of ragwort consumption on the milk produced by cows.Choice B is correct: The passage mentions that livestock will eat ragwort “once it displaces grass and clover in their pasture.”Choice C is incorrect: The passage claims that “livestock generally avoid grazing where ragwort is growing,”but does not make a distinction between cattle and sheep.African American newspapers in the 1930s faced many hardships. For instance, knowing that buyers of African American papers also bought general-circulation papers, advertisers of consumer products often ignored African American publications. Advertisers’discrimination did free the African American press from advertiser domination. Editors could print politically charged material more readily than could the large national dailies, which depended on advertisers’ideological approval to secure revenues. Unfortunately, it also made the selling price of Black papers much higher than that of general-circulation dailies. Often as much as two-thirds of publication costs had to come from subscribers or subsidies from community politicians and other interest groups. And despite their editorial freedom, African American publishers often felt compelled to print a disproportionate amount of sensationalism, sports, and society news to boost circulation.11．The passage suggests that if advertisers had more frequently purchased advertising in African American newspapers, then which of the following might have resulted?A．African American newspapers would have given more attention to sports and society news than they did.B．African American newspapers would have been available at lower prices than large national dailies were.C．African American newspapers would have experienced constraints on their content similar to those experienced by large national dailies.正确答案：C解析：Choice C is correct. The question asks about the consequences of more advertising in African American newspapers.Choice A is incorrect: The passage states that publishers of African American newspapers felt compelled to publish sports and society news even without any pressure from advertisers, so advertising revenue was not a factor in their editorial decisions.Choice B is incorrect: The passage says that lack of advertising revenue made African American newspapers more expensive than the large national dailies, implying that if advertisers had purchased space, the difference in price would have been smaller; but nothing in the passage supports the claim that African American newspapers would have been cheaper than the large national dailies.Choice C is correct: The passage states that large newspapers could not readily print politically charged material because they “depended on advertisers’ideological approval to secure revenues,” so it can be expected that African American newspapers would have experienced similar constraints if they also had depended on advertisers for revenues.12．The author of the passage suggests which of the following about the “advertisers”(line 3)mentioned in the passage?A．They assumed that advertising in African American newspapers would not significantly increase the sales of their products.B．They failed to calculate accurately the circulation of African American newspapers.C．They did not take African Americans’ newspaper reading into account when making decisions about where to advertise.D．They avoided African American newspapers partly because of their sensationalism.E．They tried to persuade African American newspapers to lower the rates charged for advertising.正确答案：A解析：The second sentence of the passage states that “knowing that buyers of African American newspapers also bought general-circulation papers, advertisers of consumer products often ignored African American publications.” This suggests that advertisers believed that the majority of the people who read African American newspapers would see the advertisements when they read general-circulation papers, and that the number of people who read only African American newspapers was too small to justify buying advertising space there. Therefore Choice A is correct.In a plausible but speculative scenario, oceanographer Douglas Martinson suggests that temperature increases caused by global warming would not significantly affect the stability of the Antarctic environment, where sea ice forms on the periphery of the continent in the autumn and winter and mostly disappears in the summer. True,less sea ice would form in the winter because global warming would cause temperatures to rise. However, Martinson argues, the effect of a warmer atmosphere may be offset as follows. The formation of sea ice causes the concentration of salt in surface waters to increase; less sea ice would mean a smaller increase in the concentration of salt. Less salty surface waters would be less dense and therefore less likely to sink and stir up deep water. The deep water, with all its stored heat, would rise to the surface at a slower rate. Thus, although the winter sea-ice cover might decrease, the surface waters would remain cold enough so that the decrease would not be excessive.13．It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is true of the surface waters in the current Antarctic environment?A．They are more affected by annual fluctuations in atmospheric temperatures than they would be if they were less salty.B．They are less salty than they would be if global warming were to occur.C．They are more likely to sink and stir up deep waters than they would be if atmospheric temperatures were to increase.D．They are able to offset some of the effects of global warming beyond the Antarctic region.E．They are less affected by the temperature of deep water than they would be if atmospheric temperatures were to increase.正确答案：C解析：Choice C is correct. The passage states that rising temperatures would decrease the amount of sea ice formed in the winter, and that this change would result in surface water that is less salty, and thus less likely to sink. The current situation, then, results in the opposite: surface waters that are more likely to sink. Choices A and D are incorrect because the passage gives no information about how fluctuating temperatures would affect less salty water or about the relationship between the Antarctic region and the rest of the planet. Choices B and E are incorrect because they are both the opposite of what the passage implies about surface waters in the current environment.14．The passage suggests that Martinson believes which of the following about deep waters in the Antarctic region?A．They rise to the surface more quickly than they would if global warming were to occur.B．They store heat that will exacerbate the effects of increases in atmospheric temperatures.C．They would be likely to be significantly warmed by an increase in atmospheric temperatures.D．They would be more salty than they currently are if global warming were to occur.E．They are less likely to be stirred up when surface waters are intensely salty than when surface waters are relatively unsalty.正确答案：A解析：Choice A is correct. The passage states that, in Martinsons scenario, the deep water would rise to the surface at a slower rate were warming to occur. He must believe, then, that the water currently rises to the surface more quickly. As for Choice B, while the passage indeed states that deep waters in Antarctica store heat, it also suggests that this heat would be less likely to reach the surface and worsen global warming. Choice B is therefore incorrect. Choice E is incorrect because it contradicts information given in the passage. Choices C and D are incorrect because, while the passage discusses the effects of global warming on the temperature and salinity of surface water, it gives no information of warmings effects on the temperature and salinity of deep water.15．According to the passage, which of the following is true about the sea ice that surrounds the Antarctic continent?A．The amount of sea ice that forms in the winter has been declining.B．Most of the sea ice that forms in the winter remains intact in the summer.C．Even small changes in the amount of sea ice dramatically affect the temperature of the surface waters.D．Changes in the amount of sea ice due to global warming would significantly affect the stability of the Antarctic environment.E．Changes in the amount of sea ice affect the degree of saltiness of the surface waters.正确答案：E解析：Choice E is correct: according to the passage, “less sea ice would mean a smaller increase in the concentration of salt.”Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they are all contrary to the information presented in the passage. Choice A is incorrect because the passage does not compare current amounts of sea ice with past quantities; it instead proposes a hypothetical scenario involving a possible future decline of sea ice formation.SECTION 3Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.16．Despite the fact that the health-inspection procedures for catering establishments are more stringent than those for ordinary restaurants, more of the cases of food poisoning reported to the city health department were brought on by banquets served by catering services than were brought on by restaurant meals.Which of the following, if true, helps explain the apparent paradox in the statement above?A．A significantly larger number of people eat in restaurants than attend catered banquets in any given time period.B．Catering establishments know how many people they expect to serve, andtherefore are less likely than restaurants to have, and serve, leftover food, a major source of food poisoning.C．Many restaurants provide catering services for banquets in addition to serving individual meals.D．The number of reported food-poisoning cases at catered banquets is unrelated to whether the meal is served on the caterer’s or the client’s premises.E．People are unlikely to make a connection between a meal they have eaten and a subsequent illness unless the illness strikes a group who are in communication with one another.正确答案：E解析：The question calls for an explanation of why more cases of reported food poisoning might be attributed to catering services than to restaurants. Choices A and B both provide reasons why restaurants should account for more cases, so they are incorrect. Choice C would suggest that there would be negligible differences between the likelihood of food poisoning at restaurants and at catered events, so it also sheds no light on the paradox and is therefore incorrect. Since the argument does not pertain to the location of catered banquets, Choice D is incorrect. That leaves Choice E. People who attend banquets are more likely than restaurant patrons to be part of a group that communicates with one another, so Choice E would help explain the higher number of reported food poisonings and is the correct answer.17．Years ago, consumers in Frieland began paying an energy tax in the form of two Frieland pennies for each unit of energy consumed that came from nonrenewable sources. Following the introduction of this energy tax, there was a steady reduction in the total yearly consumption of energy from nonrenewable sources.If the statements in the passage are true, then which of the following must on the basis of them be true?A．There was a steady decline in the yearly revenues generated by the energy tax in Frieland.B．There was a steady decline in the total amount of energy consumed each year in Frieland.C．There was a steady increase in the use of renewable energy sources in Frieland.D．The revenues generated by the energy tax were used to promote the use of energy from renewable sources.E．The use of renewable energy sources in Frieland greatly increased relative to the use of nonrenewable energy sources.正确答案：A解析：Since the energy tax is based upon the number of units of nonrenewable energy consumed, and since the number of units of nonrenewable energy declined, revenues generated by the energy tax must have declined as well. Choice A is therefore the correct answer. The passage gives no information on changes in the total amount of energy consumed, changes in the amount of energy from renewable sources that was used, or what revenues raised by the tax were used for, so all the other choices are incorrect.18．That sales can be increased by the presence of sunlight within a store has been shown by the experience of the only Savefast department store with a large skylight. The skylight allows sunlight into half of the store, reducing the need for artificial light. The rest of the store uses only artificial light. Since the store opened two years ago, the departments on the sunlit side have had substantially higher sales than the other departments.Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the argument?A．On particularly cloudy days, more artificial light is used to illuminate the part of the store under the skylight.B．When the store is open at night, the departments in the part of the store under the skylight have sales that are no higher than those of other departments.C．Many customers purchase items from departments in both parts of the store on a single shopping trip.D．Besides the skylight, there are several significant architectural differences between the two parts of the store.E．The departments in the part of the store under the skylight are the departments that generally have the highest sales in other stores in the Savefast chain.正确答案：B解析：The passage compares sales of items in the sunlit part of the store with sales of items in the artificially lit part of the store and concludes that since the former are greater than the latter, the presence of sunlight increases sales. The assumption underlying this argument is that the only significant difference between the two parts of the store is the presence of sunlight—otherwise, the inherent popularity of goods sold in different locations, or some other factor, might account for the increased sales. Choice B helps rule out the possibility that other factors might be involved, by showing that sales are no greater when the sunlight is taken out of the equation. Therefore it is the correct answer. Choices D and E both suggest that factors besides sunlight might explain the discrepancy between sales; therefore they weaken rather than strengthen the argument, and so are incorrect. Neither Choice A nor Choice C point to differences between the two areas of the store; therefore they are both incorrect as well.。
gre模拟考试题及答案
gre模拟考试题及答案GRE（Graduate Record Examinations）模拟考试题及答案GRE模拟考试题一、词汇题（Vocabulary）1. The professor's lecture was so ________ that the students were captivated by every word.A) mundaneB) enthrallingC) tediousD) inconsequential2. Despite the ________ of his argument, the lawyer was unable to convince the jury.A) cogencyB) fallacyC) redundancyD) triviality答案解析：1. 正确答案：B) enthralling解释：enthralling 意为“迷人的”，符合句子中“学生们被每一句话吸引”的语境。
2. 正确答案：A) cogency解释：cogency 意为“说服力”，尽管律师的论点很有说服力，但未能说服陪审团。
二、阅读理解题（Reading Comprehension）Passage:The Renaissance was a period of great cultural change and achievement in Europe that spanned the period roughly from the 14th to the 17th century. It marked the transition from the Middle Ages to Modernity, and during this time, there was a renewed interest in science, art, and literature.Question:What was the Renaissance known for?A) The decline of cultural achievementsB) The transition from the Middle Ages to ModernityC) The focus on religious themes in artD) The lack of interest in science and literature答案解析：正确答案：B) The transition from the Middle Ages to Modernity 解释：文章明确指出文艺复兴是从中世纪到现代性的过渡时期，标志着文化的巨大变化和成就。
GRE(VERBAL)阅读模拟试卷6(题后含答案及解析)
GRE（VERBAL）阅读模拟试卷6(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. PART ONEPART ONE （Time：30 minutes 38 Questions）SECTION 3Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.Biologist know that some marine algae can create clouds by producing the gas dimethyl sulphide (DMS), which reacts with oxygen in air above the sea to form solid particles. These particles provide a surface on which water vapor can condense to form clouds. Lovelock contends that this process is part of global climatic-control system. According to Lovelock, Earth acts like a super organism, with all its biological and physical systems cooperating to keep it healthy. He hypothesized that warmer conditions increase algal activity and DMS output, seeding more clouds, which cool the planet by blocking out the Sun. Then, as the climate cools, algal activity and DMS level decrease and the cycle continues. In response to biologists who question how organisms presumably working for their own selfish ends could have evolved to behave in a way that benefits not only the planet but the organisms as well, cooling benefits the algae, which remain at the ocean surface, because it allows the cooled upper layers of the ocean to sink, and then the circulating water carries nutrients upward from the depths below. Algae may also benefit from nitrogen raining down from clouds they have helped to form.1．According to the passage, which of the following occurs as a result of cooling in the upper layers of the ocean?A．The concentration of oxygen in the air above the ocean’s surface decreases.B．The concentration of DMS in the air above the ocean’s surface increases.C．The nutrient supply at the surface of the ocean is replenished.D．Cloud formation increases over the ocean.E．Marine algae make more efficient use of nutrients.正确答案：C解析：根据第七句，海洋上层降温后，水发生循环，底层的营养会被带到上层。
GRE(VERBAL)阅读模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)
GRE（VERBAL）阅读模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. PART ONEPART ONE （Time：30 minutes 38 Questions）SECTION 3Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.Feminist scholars have tended to regard women in the nineteenth-century United States who elected to remain single as champions of women’s autonomy and as critics of marriage as an oppressive institution. Indeed, many nineteenth-century American women who participated in reform movements or who distinguished themselves as writers and professionals were single. Yet this view of single women tends to distort the meaning of their choices. The nineteenth century saw the elevation of marriage for love as a spiritual ideal. Consequently, it became socially acceptable for women not to marry if such an ideal marriage could not be realized with an available suitor. Thus, many women’s choice to remain single reflected not a negative view of marriage but a highly idealistic one.1．The author of the passage implies that many nineteenth-century American women chose to remain single because theyA．believed that marriage required them to give up much of their autonomyB．had attitudes toward marriage that were influenced by contemporary reform movementsC．wanted to take advantage of increasing opportunities to distinguish themselves as professionalsD．doubted that their own marriage would live up to their notion of what a marriage ought to beE．had a negative view of marriage fostered by a change in social attitudes during the nineteenth century正确答案：D解析：根据本文作者的观点，女性认为婚姻是理想化的精神理想，她们之所以保持单身，是因为真爱难觅。
GRE(VERBAL)基础填空模拟试卷23(题后含答案及解析)
GRE（VERBAL）基础填空模拟试卷23(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. PART ONEPART ONE （Time：30 minutes 38 Questions）SECTION 1Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.1．If Williams had a fault, it was an almost complete (i)______others, a proclivity bordering on (ii)______.正确答案：A，F解析：border on的意思是“近似于”，前后同义重复。
前后句意一致，且都是表示负面评价，答案是AF。
trust in相信……，condescension toward自觉高……一等，sympathy for同情……；greed贪婪，reciprocity互惠，naivete天真。
知识模块：基础填空2．Although the hardy emperor penguin survives in Antarctica in great numbers, the region’s harsh climate is______to many species.正确答案：C，D解析：Although说明前后反义重复。
空格与survives(生存)反义重复。
indispensable必要的，necessary必要的，inhospitable(条件极差以至于)无法生存的，inclement(务件极差以至于)无法生存的，predictable可预测的，sustaining维持生存的。
GRE(VERBAL)模拟试卷6(题后含答案及解析)
GRE（VERBAL）模拟试卷6(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. PART ONE 2. PART TWOPART ONE （Time：30 minutes 38 Questions）SECTION 1Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.1．Handedness can be influenced and changed by social and cultural mechanisms, as can be evidenced by the fact that teachers have been known to force children to switch from using their left hand to using their right hand for writing and that some more ______ societies show less left-handedness in their populations than other more______ societies.A．restrictive …permissiveB．bigoted …tolerantC．liberal …suppressiveD．dominating …pluralE．intriguing …monotonous正确答案：A2．On the face of it, the plan under consideration is ______ . and indeed, has already sparked protests from several prominent politicians, who argue that “hasty implementation” could ______ the economy.A．hopeless …boostB．appealing …undermineC．contentious …inflameD．draconian …damageE．suspect …radicalize正确答案：D3．His ______ of the assigned pages was itself a much too lengthy summary; by all accounts, if he wishes to succeed by the standards of succinctness and concision, he must learn to restrain his ______ .A．development …techniqueB．synthesis …garrulousnessC．analysis …constructionD．perusal …interestE．synopsis …verbosity正确答案：E4．Although most people who acquire West Nile have no ______ and those who do normally suffer little more than flu-like illness, it is believed they still can carry ______ amounts of the virus in their blood for several days.A．recourse …negligibleB．symptoms …minuteC．cure …significantD．fever …activeE．hope …incipient正确答案：B5．The purpose of interior design is to create a physical environment that is ______ yet connected to the outside world, an environment that is ideal for the pursuit of relaxation in a zone of partial ______ .A．transcendent of …tastefulnessB．separate from …isolationC．peripheral to …tranquilityD．abhorrent to …confluenceE．linked to …autonomy正确答案：B6．Don’t rule out the caprices in the spirit; a time of great transformations requires that we be no less than utterly ______ in our approach to decision-making.A．resilientB．practicalC．waryD．impeccableE．adaptive正确答案：E7．Future generations of physicists may look at the ______ of their former ideas and see in it, not the relics of some extinct creature, but a crude, early, yet wholly ______ version of their more modern theories.A．mockery …distinctB．armature …laughableC．specter …congruousD．skeleton …recognizableE．treatment …suspect正确答案：DSECTION 2Directions: In each of the following questions, a related pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair.8．DESSICATE: LIQUID：：A．imprison：freedomB．plunder：valuablesC．suffocate：oxygenD．refrain：repetitionE．prohibit：development 正确答案：C9．PRESIDENT: COUNTRY ：：A．choreographer：danceB．speaker：parliamentC．actress：performance D．instrumentalist：melodyE．poetess：thesaurus 正确答案：B10．RUBBER: TIRE ：：A．skin：hairB．silver：cutleryC．window：paneD．erosion：ironE．piece：paper正确答案：B11．MISCONSTRUE: INTERPRET ：：A．dislike：attachB．misrepresent：clarifyC．miscalculate：reckon D．misapprehend：donateE．misbehave：recite 正确答案：C12．MODICUM: IOTA ：：A．abundance：magnitudeB．gallon：kilogramC．tress：braidD．thatch：bladeE．lock：hair正确答案：C13．PERTURB: SERENITY ：：A．denounce：rantB．interdict：protectionC．purify：imperfectionD．vex：irritationE．fondle：attachment正确答案：C14．ANESTHETIC: INSENSIBILITY:A．analgesic：acheB．coagulant：solutionC．soporific：lethargyD．placation：rageE．opiate：listlessness正确答案：C15．MERITOCRACY: ACHIEVEMENT ：：A．plutocracy：wealthB．elitism：expertiseC．theocracy：wisdomD．bureaucracy：authorityE．gerontocracy：superiority正确答案：A16．CIRCUMSPECT: PRUDENCE ：：A．cautious：hastinessB．urbane：improprietyC．cursory：superficialityD．circuitous：convergenceE．reckless：impassivity正确答案：CSECTION 3Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.Homeostasis refers to any process, such as negative feedback, that living things employ to maintain stable conditions indispensable for survival, and which arises from balances between forces and factors mutually influencing each other. Disturbance, or departure from equilibrium is of more consequence than(5) negative feedback: systems cannot correct themselves without straying. A car and its driver, for instance, can be regarded as a homeostatic system seeking to keep the car moving on track. Thus, if the car skids, the driver automatically responds by quickly steering the wheel in the opposite direction, but such abrupt negative feedback usually overcorrects. Likewise, if the magnitude of(10) correction is commensurate with the disturbance that triggered it, the correction may become an impressed change in the direction opposite to that of the original disturbance.Each feedback is of lesser magnitude than the last, so that as the oscillations of the system dampen, negative feedback achieves its goal in both artificial and natural systems.17．The primary purpose of the passage is toA．describe in detail how the principles of homeostasis apply to living things B．propose a modification in the most widely accepted theory of homeostasis C．compare and contrast the role of positive and negative feedback in maintaining various applied systemsD．discuss the concept of homeostasis in the abstract and relate some of its most important principlesE．provide examples of systems which are ruled by the principle of homeostasis正确答案：D18．According to the passage, all of the following are true concerning the process of negative feedback EXCEPTA．By diminishing errors, negative feedback allows systems to correct themselves.B．Negative feedback always arises out of a system where several factors are interacting.C．Negative feedback sometimes causes a disturbed system to over-correct, resulting in an impressed change opposite to the original disturbance.D．Negative feedback is less important, on the whole, than departure from equilibrium.E．Ideally, negative feedback gradually diminishes, allowing a system to find its desired course.正确答案：D19．It may be inferred that to attain greater positive feedback, in the case of the skidding car, the driver should do which of the following?A．Keep turning the wheel in the original direction.B．Turn the wheel in the opposite direction.C．Turn the wheel in the opposite direction, then turn it back to the original direction.D．Keep turning the wheel in the original direction, then back to the opposite direction.E．Allow the wheel to turn freely.正确答案：A20．Which of the following would be most analogous to the process of dampening oscillations described in the paragraph?A．During a rainstorm, water rises to the level of a sewer drain, siphoning off and thus remaining at constant level.B．A rubber ball which bounces off the ground multiple times, than graduallycomes to rest.C．A meteor hurtles through space indefinitely, due to the laws of inertia.D．A clothing iron is left on, then becomes so hot that it catches on fire, burning its own cord and destroying its power source.E．A baseball pitcher knows he tends to through to the left of home plate, and then in trying to throw to the right, overcorrects.正确答案：BUntil recently, scrutiny of tree-ring records seemed to establish that a prolonged dry spell called the Great Drought drove the Anasazi Indians to abandon their magnificent stone villages on the Colorado Plateau. Groundbreaking climatological studies have convinced many archaeologists,(5) however, that the Great Drought was not sufficiently austere to coerce the sudden evacuation of the Anasazi. Reviewing tree ring records, including moisture levels, Van West disputed the Great Drought theory by presenting evidence that enough corn could have been grown during the drought to support the population, that the Anasazi had weathered many severe droughts in the(10) past, and that the evacuation actually began before the dry spell set in. Belying the popular image of the Anasazi as a peaceable kingdom of farmers and potters, some new research puts the blame for the evacuation on a bloody internecine war. Noting that the Anasazi had been suffering from malnutrition, shorter life spans and increased infant mortality, Adler suggests that the(15) Anasazi were not able to move around freely to farm because their once open range was becoming balkanized into hostile fiefdoms. Perhaps as a reaction to drier weather, people in the Mesa Verde area began building dams and canals to trap and divert water, and the result may have been conflict and warfare. Unfortunately, other archeologists, having trouble envisioning how even(20) drought, balkanization and warfare could make an entire civilization evacuate, are trying to combine archeological evidence with anthropological studies of the modern pueblo Indians to make the case that the Anasazi were roiled by a religious crisis as divisive as European medieval heresies. Analyzing the spread of religious symbols found on rocks or pottery and the distribution of ceremonial(25) structures, some argue that the Anasazi may have been pulled from their homeland by a new religion emerging to the south, whose egalitarian spirit would have had great appeal to a civilization, like the Anasazi’s, that was entering a dark age. Ware comes closest to a plausible synthesis of his predecessors’theories in suggesting that the Anasazi world was rocked by a(30) spiritual crisis catastrophic enough to cause a collapse of a civilization, and that the uprooted Anasazi apparently embraced a variety of new beliefs on migration to their new homes. Ware further argues that the precipitating factor in the evacuation may have been a change in climate after all. Recent climatological studies suggest(35) that indeed, rainfall patterns were disrupted in a way that might have made the Anasazi disillusioned with their old religion: the customary pattern of heavy snows in thewinter followed by summer monsoons had become unpredictable. Even if there was not a great drought, moisture may have been coming at the wrong times, and the summer rains, essential for nourishing the spring crops,(40) were no longer reliable—the rain dances were not working anymore. Thus, Ware’s theory accommodates the greatest variety of factors that may explain the Anasazi’s evacuation.21．Which of the following statements best describes the organization of the first paragraph?A．A historical theory is sketched and a problem with the theory is cited.B．Evidence for an objection to a theory is mentioned and a generalization from that evidence is advanced.C．A paradox about the origins of a historical phenomenon is pointed out and the author’s explanation of the paradox is expounded.D．A statement about a historical phenomenon is offered and a possible misinterpretation of that statement is addressed.E．A new explanation for a historical phenomenon is given and evidence for that explanation is provided.正确答案：A22．It can be inferred from the passage that Van West notes the severe droughts which affected the Anasazi prior to the Great Drought primarily in order to A．establish that enough food could have been grown to support the Anasazi’s survivalB．argue that the Anasazi’s past behavior would indicate their likely future behavior in the case of a Great DroughtC．suggest that the repetition of droughts was taking a cumulative toll on the fertility of the PlateauD．argue that the evidence which points to the existence of a Great Drought may actually be related to earlier droughtsE．affirm the notion that the Great Drought may have been exponentially more severe than prior droughts正确答案：B23．With which of the following statements would Adler and Van West both be likely to agree?Ⅰ. Anasazi land was fertile enough during the so-called Great Drought to potentially feed all of the Anasazi.Ⅱ. An internecine civil war may have contributed to the Anasazi’s malnourishment.Ⅲ. Drought alone is insufficient to explain the cause of the Anasazi’s departure.A．ⅠonlyB．ⅡonlyC．Ⅰand ⅡonlyD．Ⅰand ⅢonlyE．Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ正确答案：D24．Researchers have employed all of the following methods in researching potential explanations of the Anasazi evacuation EXCEPTA．the study of modern Indian societiesB．the study of climatological recordsC．the study of potteryD．the study of Anasazi mythologyE．the study of ceremonial structures正确答案：D25．According to the passage, Ware’s theory of the role of weather in the Anasazi evacuation differs from the position traditionally held by anthropologists in which of the following ways?A．Ware relies upon a different body of evidence than previous anthropologist have, but reaches the same conclusions.B．Ware ascribes a less dominant role to weather than had been traditionally posited by anthropologists.C．Ware ascribes a more dominant role to weather than had been traditionally posited by anthropologists.D．Ware believes weather played a role in the evacuation, but not the one traditionally cited.E．Ware believes that another factor besides weather was responsible for the Great Drought.正确答案：D26．The author considers the explanations put forward by Van West and Adler for the causes of the Anasazi evacuation to beA．popular but suspectB．partially persuasive, but individually insufficientC．anachronistic and controversialD．premature and illogicalE．ambitious but misguided正确答案：B27．With which of the following statements concerning the condition of the Anasazi at the time of their evacuation would the author be most likely agree?A．Disruption of weather patterns is a plausible explanation of the Anasazi’s evacuation, but insufficient when taken individually.B．A religious crisis may have contributed to lower crop fertility, resulting in the Anasazi’s malnourishment.C．The Anasazi spiritual crisis may have been exacerbated by the poor performance of their crops after the disruption of weather patterns.D．The Anasazi may have been attempting to move toward a diversification of their religious beliefs long before the disruption of weather patterns.E．The Anasazispiritual crisis may have contributed to increased balkanization, creating a vicious cycle of hostility within Anasazi society.正确答案：CSECTION 4Directions: Each question below consists of a word printed in capital letters followed by five lettered words or phrases. Choose the lettered word or phrase that is most nearly opposite in meaning to the word in capital letters. Since some of the questions require you to distinguish fine shades of meaning, be sure to consider all the choices before deciding which one is best.28．FORMIDABLENESS:A．interestB．distractionC．premonitionD．loathingE．objection正确答案：A29．TREACHEROUSNESS:A．deliberationB．loyaltyC．academyD．notabilityE．loveliness正确答案：B30．SOPORIFIC:A．effectual treatmentB．false sustenanceC．tonicD．illusory eventE．supplement正确答案：C31．STYMIE:A．show reliabilityB．pleadC．vary courseD．promoteE．inform正确答案：D32．MUNDANE:A．complexB．artificialC．unearthly D．delicateE．expensive正确答案：C 33．DENUNCIATION:A．purgeB．indecisiveness C．postponement D．eulogyE．statement正确答案：D34．WELTER:A．persuasive comment B．questionable gatheringC．tidy orderD．odd natureE．lavish enlargement正确答案：C35．LOLL:A．depict accuratelyB．perceive incidentallyC．move vigorouslyD．conform easilyE．perform resolutely 正确答案：C36．INTREPID:A．patientB．apprehensiveC．moderate D．moroseE．plentiful正确答案：B 37．PRECURSORY:A．hardyB．transientC．imitative D．indispensableE．unique正确答案：C38．PERENNIAL:A．absorbentB．fleetingC．unsurprisingD．sterileE．dormant正确答案：BPART TWO （Time：30 minutes 38 Questions）SECTION 1Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.39．The separation of religion from the state does not mean the establishment of irreligion by the state, still less the imposition of ______ philosophy.A．a parochialB．a secularC．a liberalD．a piousE．an aristocratic正确答案：B40．Although he was ______ in his efforts to persuade us of the justness of his cause, his past history, ...... with failures, prevented us from being any more than skeptical at his words.A．tireless …marredB．sage …coupledC．resourceful …immaculateD．unassuming …tingedE．unyielding …touched正确答案：A41．With legal migration, governments need to persuade voters that they are accepting immigrants who will be ______ for the country, rather than those who will ______ drain resources.A．beneficial …merelyB．jingoistic …withalC．exotic …constantlyD．amusing …ungraciouslyE．helpful …seldom正确答案：A42．The thesis under consideration was fundamentally ______ to the readers of that mendacious publication, and I would therefore like to use this opportunity, to stake out some of the basic arguments in need of ______ .A．coherent …restatementB．disavowed …availabilityC．misrepresented …clarificationD．incomprehensible …dismissalE．irrelevant …subordination正确答案：C43．In the 160 years in which “handedness” has been studied we have learned quite a lot, but we still cannot precisely describe what causes humans ______ to use one hand over the other, or why human populations are ______ toward right-hand use rather than left-hand use.A．infrequently …prejudicedB．habitually …neutralC．preferentially …biasedD．perennially …disinterestedE．invariably …indisposed正确答案：C44．While the causes of the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction have received the most attention, Alvarez’s paper points out work on the other major mass extinctions that may also be ______ for the tragedy.A．answerableB．indefensibleC．pitiableD．reprehensibleE．avoidable正确答案：A45．Sadly, Americans of every ethnicity still demand ideological ______ among their own kind--although we’re all multiculturalists now, we’re much more ...... discussing diversity across the rainbow than within each color.A．conformity …comfortableB．hegemony …cantankerousC．resonance …sensitiveD．subservience …catholicE．reflection …generous正确答案：ASECTION 2Directions: In each of the following questions, a related pair of words or phrases is followed by five lettered pairs of words or phrases. Select the lettered pair that best expresses a relationship similar to that expressed in the original pair.46．RECLUSE: WITHDRAW ：：A．malefactor：reiterateB．rhetorician：equivocateC．philosopher：cogitateD．autocrat：improviseE．figurehead：boycott正确答案：C47．FORGERY: DOCUMENT ：：A．slaughter：tragedyB．feint：sentimentC．rape：castigationD．felony：reinsuranceE．double-dealer：testimonial正确答案：B48．ASCETIC: INDULGENCE ：：A．libertine：restraintB．puritan：conventionC．vagabond：frugalityD．zealot：fervorE．antiseptic：hygiene正确答案：A49．TORNADO: AIR ：：A．downpour：floodB．guzzler：gasC．vortex：waterD．gutter：roofE．meadow：spark正确答案：C50．SPICE: FLA VOR ：：A．splint：limbB．block：vimC．copper：alloyD．symmetry：balanceE．moisturizer：plant正确答案：D51．CREDULOUS: GULLIBLE ：：A．didactic：onerousB．adventurous：pusillanimousC．yielding：servileD．sycophantic：adulatoryE．assiduous：vain正确答案：C52．TENDER: ACCEPTANCE ：：A．examine：solicitudeB．legalize：disapprobationC．submit：approvalD．announce：scrutinyE．perish：idea正确答案：C53．FROWN: DISPLEASURE ：：A．scoff：glumnessB．sneer：contemptC．adulate：intimacyD．collaborate：esteemE．edify：ridicule正确答案：B54．ADROITNESS: INEPITUDE ：：A．obscurity：necessityB．stoicism：generosityC．ferocity：insubordinationD．complexity：tangencyE．difficulty：simplicity正确答案：ESECTION 3Directions: Each passage in this group is followed by questions based on its content. After reading a passage, choose the best answer to each question. Answer all questions following a passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage.The spatial distribution of different racial and ethnic populations demonstrates that segregation persists in virtually all of America’s housing markets, from large urban areas to rural counties. What exactly are the ill- effects of this demographic isolation? The most extreme geographic segregation(5) is unique to black Americans and apparently unrelated to economic status and not explained by preferences for the residence, thus strongly suggesting thepersistence of racial discrimination. In contrast to poor whites, who typically live dispersed among better-off families, poor blacks, because of residential segregation, are concentrated in poor neighborhoods. As a result, residential(10) segregation contributes to the problems of these areas, including high concentrations of poverty, educational failure, unemployment, extramarital parenthood, crime, and high mortality. In addition, the increasing importance of suburbs as centers for commerce and habitation has drained resources from inner cities and led to a cyclic decline in the political will to address poverty and(15) urban decline, both of which disproportionately affect ethnic minorities.55．In the passage, the author is primarily concerned withA．hypothesizing about a set of circumstancesB．chronicling the emergence of a phenomenonC．comparing two conflicting points of viewD．cataloging the cause and effects of a phenomenonE．arguing the necessity of solving a problem正确答案：D56．According to the passage, the author would agree with which of the following statements concerning the geographic segregation of black Americans?Ⅰ. Black Americans segregation tends to be more intense than among other minorities, such as Hispanics and Asian-Americans.Ⅱ. The poorest black Americans tend to live dispersed among more affluent blacks.Ⅲ. Black segregation has taken the form of a vicious circle, perpetuating its own causes.A．ⅠonlyB．ⅡonlyC．Ⅰand ⅡonlyD．Ⅰand ⅢonlyE．Ⅰ, Ⅱ, and Ⅲ正确答案：C57．According to the passage, all of the following factors have been associated as either a cause or effect of the emergence of segregated black neighborhoods EXCEPTA．The failure of the educational system to help improve blacks’ economic status B．Political apathy on the of the authorities to solve the problem of segregation C．A preference on the part of blacks concerning where they choose to liveD．Rising rate of unemployment among the black communityE．Racial conflict between the black community and other communities正确答案：C58．The passage suggests that the spiraling decline of black neighborhoods can be blamed primarily uponA．a lack of political will within underprivileged communities to counter the economic effects of segregationB．the diminished significance of urban black neighborhoods as economic and residential centers relatively to other areas of the cityC．the tendency of poor blacks to live among other poor minorities, unlike poor whites, who live dispersed among rich whitesD．the uniqueness of the geographic pattern in which black communities have developed in America, relative to other communitiesE．a lack of resources within the urban black American communities to resist the forces which lead to segregation 正确答案：BSome scientists have concluded that narcolepsy, a disease which disrupts sleep patterns, arises when unknown agents in the environment spur an autoimmune reaction winding up damaging neurons in the brain circuits that control arousal and muscle tone. Honda found that all members of a group of(5) narcoleptics had one aspect of their tissue type in common, one of the human leukocyte antigens (HLAs). Whereas the HLA type was clearly not sufficient to induce narcolepsy, Honda’s finding indicated that HLA type greatly affected susceptibility to the disease. HLA molecules are pitchfork-shaped structures that cells of the body use to show pieces of the proteins they contain to the immune(10) system, which ordinarily attacks foreign substances and cells infected by viruses. Evidence for an autoimmune cause of narcolepsy will most likely come from studies of the brains of people who had the disorder. Ever since Gineau correctly named narcolepsy as a distinct syndrome in 1880, researchers have(15) examined the brains of patients in a futile search for neurological damage that could explain the symptoms of the disease. Mignot observed that the brains of narcoleptic dogs had more than the usual number of receptors for the neurotransmitters acetylcholine, dopamine and norepinephrine and higher levels of some of the neurotransmitters themselves, changes identical to those Aldrich(20) later noted human narcoleptic brains. Given that narcolepsy is not progressive but chronic—i.e. after the establishment of symptoms, narcoleptics do not deteriorate or improve—pathologists may have been focusing their efforts on the wrong stage of the disease’s progression. This suggested that the damage might occur during a(25) short time, roughly during the period in which a patient first develops signs of the illness. Debris left over from degenerative processes that occurred at the age of 20 would be removed by the brain’s support cells long before most patients died, and any remaining clues would be obscured by the normal degeneration of aging. As a loss of neurons would be undetectable unless the(30) dead cells were concentrated in a particular area, as in Parkinson’s disease, or unless many neurons died, as in Alzheimer’s disease, I therefore examined the brains of narcoleptic dogs shortly after their symptoms had begun, and found clear evidence that neurons in certain areas of the dogs’brains were degenerating between one and two months of age, just before and during the(35) onset of symptoms. Evidence of the degeneration largely disappeared by the time the dogs were six months old. At this moment, all we can give patients are drugs to treat narcolepsy’s symptoms, even though this research promises the definite potential of a cure.59．In the passage, the author is primarily concerned withA．presenting a hypothesis and describing compelling evidence in support of it B．raising a question and describing an important discovery that led to an answer C．showing that a certain autoimmune disease cannot yet be treated effectively with drugsD．explaining what evidence exists for an autoimmune cause for narcolepsyE．discussing the importance of research on animals for the study of human disease正确答案：D60．Which of the following, if true, would most likely weaken the significance of Mignot and Aldrich’s research?A．The numbers of neurotransmitters and receptor levels differs widely between dog brains and human brains.B．Alterations in neurotransmitter and receptor levels might be the result of sleep disturbances, not the cause of it.C．A particular site in the brain’s frontal lobe is isolated where the bulk of the neurological damage occurs.D．Too few acetylcholine, dopamine and norepinephrine neurotransmitters exist in dog brains to establish their role in narcolepsy.E．An autoimmune dysfunction is conclusively proven to be the cause in a large but incomplete majority of narcolepsy cases.正确答案：B61．The passage supplies information to answer which of the following questions?A．Which species, human or dog, has greater numbers of the neurotransmitters that have been hypothetically linked to narcolepsy?B．At what age do human beings first experience the degenerative effects of narcolepsy?C．What role do human leukocyte antigens perform for the human immune system?D．Why did Honda initially suspect that HLAs played a role in narcolepsy?E．Which of the researchers named in the passage isolated narcolepsy as a distinct syndrome?正确答案：C。
GRE(VERBAL)强化填空模拟试卷5(题后含答案及解析)
GRE（VERBAL）强化填空模拟试卷5(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. PART ONEPART ONE （Time：30 minutes 38 Questions）SECTION 1Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.1．Hydrogen is the ____ element of the universe in that it provides the building blocks from which the other elements are produced.A．steadiestB．expendableC．lightestD．finalE．fundamental正确答案：E解析：- 方程等号：in that表示因果，同义重复。
- 强词和对应：building blocks 指向空格，根据in that取同，体现Hydrogen为其他元素提供建筑模块。
steadiest 最稳定的，expendable可消耗的，lightest最轻的，final最后的，fundamental基本的。
答案选E。
知识模块：填空2．Few of us take the pains to study our cherished convictions; indeed, we almost have a natural ____ doing so.A．aptitude forB．repugnance toC．interest inD．ignorance ofE．reaction after正确答案：B解析：- 方程等号：indeed表示递进，同义重复。
GRE(VERBAL)强化填空模拟试卷33(题后含答案及解析)
GRE（VERBAL）强化填空模拟试卷33(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. PART ONEPART ONE （Time：30 minutes 38 Questions）SECTION 1Directions: Each sentence below has one or two blanks, each blank indicating that something has been omitted. Beneath the sentence are five lettered or sets of words. Choose the word or set of words for each blank that best fits the meaning of the sentence as a whole.1．While many Russian composers of the nineteenth century contributed to an emerging national style, other composers did not (i)________ idiomatic Russian musical elements, (ii)______ instead the traditional musical vocabulary of Western European Romanticism.A．utilize...rejectingB．incorporate…preferringC．exclude…avoidingD．repudiate…expandingE．esteem…disdaining正确答案：B解析：空格(i)：-方程等号：while前后取反，not取反。
- 强词和对应：许多19世纪的俄罗斯作曲家促成了一种新兴的民族风格，idiomatic Russian musical elements和national style同义重复。
GRE分类模拟题23
GRE分类模拟题23(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、基础填空(总题数：38，分数：100.00)1.Mongolian gazelles are the dominant herbivore in Mongolia"s eastern steppe, but they are ______ by the ongoing loss of their habitat.（分数：2.50）A.threatened √B.trespassedC.invadedD.establishedE.strengthenedF.menaced √解析：[解析] ● but说明前后反义重复。
● 空格与dominant(处于支配地位的)反义重复。
● threaten威胁，trespass冒犯，invade冒犯，establish创立，strengthen加强，menace威胁。
答案选AF。
● 注：这里trespass和invade是干扰项，同表示“冒犯”。
2.A trained anthropologist raised in an Alutiiq community, Sven Haakanson has stressed the importance of indigenous communities ______ anthropologists so that such communities can take an active role in ______ their own cultural heritage.（分数：2.50）A.oustingB.collaborating with √C.contending withD.describing √E.exemptingF.depleting解析：[解析] ● so that说明前后同义重复。
● 第一空与take an active role in(扮演……角色)同义重复。