William_Wordsworth(英美文选)

Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834), poet & critic, was born in Ottery St. Mary, Devonshire, the son of a clergy man. The poet Robert Southey as well as Coleridge lived nearby, and the three men became known as ―Lake Poets‖. 骚赛，柯立基也居住在同一地城，三人并称为“湖畔诗人”他 们也是英国文学中最早出现的浪漫主义作家。他们喜爱大自然， 描写宗法制农村生活，厌恶资本主义的城市文明和冷酷的金钱 关系，他们远离城市，隐居在昆布兰湖区和格拉斯米尔湖区， 由此得名“湖畔派”。 Lyrical Ballads （抒情歌谣集）是英國浪漫時期文學兩大詩人 ── 華滋華斯 (William Wordsworth) 以及柯立基 (Samuel Taylor Coleridge) ── 的共同心血結晶，收錄包括華滋華斯 著名的〈丁騰修道院〉 ("Lines written a few miles above Tintern Abbey") 和柯立基的鉅作〈古舟子詠〉 ("The Rime of the Ancient Mariner") 。它的出版具有劃時代性的意義， 揮別了18世紀波普 (Alexander Pope)、德萊頓(John Dryden) 等新古典主義強調規則、次序、克制、理性、和諧、均衡等文 學價值，這些「湖畔派詩人」轉而追求天賦的回溯、與自然的 親近以及對於情感和想像力的內在開發，逐漸趨近日後心理分 析學派關於幼時回憶與潛意識的絕對著墨。
1793 saw Wordsworth's first published poetry with the collections An Evening Walk and Descriptive Sketches. He received a legacy of £900 from Raisley Calvert in 1795 so that he could pursue writing poetry. In 1797 Wordsworth met Samuel Taylor Coleridge in Somerset. The two poets quickly developed a close friendship .Wordsworth and his sister, Dorothy, moved to Alfoxton House, Somerset, just a few miles away from Coleridge's home in Nether Stowey. Together, Wordsworth and Coleridge (with insights from Dorothy) produced Lyrical Ballads (1798), an important work in the English Romantic movement.
All good poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. William Wordsworth
William Wordsworth (7 April 1770 – 23 April 1850)
A major English Romantic poet who, with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, helped launch the Romantic Age in English literature with their 1798 joint publication, Lyrical Ballads.
Life
In November 1791, Wordsworth visited Revolutionary France and became enthralled with the Republican movement. He fell in love with a French woman, Annette Vallon, who in 1792 gave birth to their child, Caroline. Because of lack of money and Britain's tensions with France, he returned alone to England the next year. and war between France and Britain prevented him from seeing Annette and Caroline again for several years.
In 1802 Wordsworth married Mary Hutchinson ,a childhood friend ,who is portrayed in the charming lyric as ―a Phantom of Delight.‖ In 1813,Wordsworth moved to Rydal Mount ,a few kilometers from Dove Cottage ,and there the poet spent the remainder of his life ,expect for Periodic travels .In his later years ,his position as a great poet was firmly established. In 1842,Wordsworth received a government pension ,and in the following year he succeeded Southey as Poet Laureate.
The second of five children born to John Wordsworth and Ann Cookson, William Wordsworth was born on 7 April 1770 in Cockermouth in Cumberland — part of the scenic region in north-west England, the Lake District. Wordsworth made his debut as a writer in 1787 when he published a sonnet in The European Magazine. That same year he began attending St John's College, Cambridge, he developed a keen love of nature as a youth. and received his B.A. degree in 1791 . He returned to Hawkshead for his first two summer holidays, and often spent later holidays on walking tours, visiting places famous for the beauty of their landscape. In 1790, he took a walking tour of Europe, during which he toured the Alps extensively, and also visited nearby areas of France, Switzerland, and Italy.
Wordsworth's masterpiece is generally considered to be The Prelude, a semi autobiographical poem of his early years which the poet revised and expanded a number of times. The work was posthumously titled and published, prior to which it was generally known as the poem "to Coleridge". Wordsworth was England's Poet Laureate from 1843 until his death in 1850.
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
The Prelude，which began in the 1790s,was completed in 1805 end. Many critics rank it as Wordsworth‘s greatest work. England‗s Poet Laureate （桂冠诗人） 据希腊神话所述，当阿波罗快要追上达佛涅时，她变成了一棵月桂树。 阿波罗随即把月桂作为他的标志，并决定把月桂枝条或桂冠作为给诗人及 优胜者的荣誉奖赏（见奥维德《变形记》第一卷）。 从阿波罗神话到英国的桂冠诗人，一脉相承，沿袭了国王和首领们供养 宫廷诗人为其歌功颂德的古老传统。斯堪的纳维亚的吟唱诗人(skald)，威 尔士的吟游诗人(bard)，盎格鲁—撒克逊的吟游诗人(scop)都和英格兰的 桂冠诗人有相似之处，都依附于某个宫廷，为其服务。为宫廷娱乐而设的 专职诗人，如威廉一世时的宫廷诗人，亨利一世时的御前诗人，到了亨利 三世时，便成为王室诗人，成为英国皇家成员。
In the autumn of 1798,Wordsworth,Dorothy,and Coleridge traveled to Germany .While Coleridge was intellectually stimulated by the trip, its main effect on Wordsworth was to produce homesickness. During the harsh winter of 1798–1799, Wordsworth lived with Dorothy in Goslar, and despite extreme stress and loneliness, he began work on an autobiographical piece later titled The Prelude. He also wrote a number of famous poems, including "the Lucy poems". He and his sister moved back to England, now to Dove Cottage in Grasmere in the Lake District, and this time with fellow poet Robert Southey nearby. Through this period, many of his poems revolve around themes of death, endurance, separation, and grief.