高中英语虚拟语气详解和练习(含答案解析)
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虚拟语气
第一节语气
英语的动词一般可带有三种不同的语气:陈述语气(Indicative Mood),祈使语气(Imperative Mood)和虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)。不同的语气用动词的不同形式(有的还借助句法形式)来表示。
第二节虚拟语气的概念
虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实,而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中);一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。
第三节虚拟语气在条件句中
1.当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为:错综时间条件句“,动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整.
If you had followed my advice , you would be better now.
如果你听我的建议,你现在就会痊愈了.
2.在条件句中,可省略 if,把were ,had, should 提到句首,变为倒装句式.
If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
Had you come earlier, you would have met him.
第四节虚拟语气在名词从句中的运用
一、虚拟语气在主语从句中
A.在句型“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that .... ”中,表示某事
重要、奇怪、自然、必要等;that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用: should + 动词原形(should 可以省略)例如:
It’s important that we should take good care of the patient. 重要的是我们要照顾好病人。
这类的形容词还有advisable(可取的),appropriate(适当的),compulsary(必须的),crucial (关键的),desirable(理想的),essential(必要的),imperative(迫切的),important(重要的),possible(可能的),preferable(更好的),probable(可能的),strange(奇怪的),urgent(急迫的),vital(极为重要的)等。
B. 在It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required/recommended/requested/required/.
that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型,表示愿望,建议,请求等主观意愿等。
It is demanded that we should work out a plan.
C. 在It is a pity/a shame/ no
wonderproposal/recommendation/suggestion/surprise/advice that…..句型中从句也常用(should )+动词原型,表示建议,命令,请求,道歉,怀疑,惊奇等。
It’s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance.
二、用于宾语从句
用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句。
insist, suggest, order, command, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire etc.
注意:suggest 当表示“暗示、表明“讲时,insist 表示”坚持认为“之意时,应用陈述语气。
The teacher suggested that we should clean the blackboard after class.
老师建议我们课后把黑板擦了。
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
他脸上的表情表明他对我们的工作很满意.
He insisted that all of us be there on time by any means.
他坚持要求我们大家想尽办法按时去那里。
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
那个人坚持说他没有偷钱.
三、用于表语从句和同位语从句
在suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request /desire/ recommendation/resolution 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用“should+动词原形”
should可以省略.
My advice is that you should practice speaking English as often as possible.
我的建议是你要尽可能经常地练习说英语。
The suggestion that the mayor should present the prizes was accepted by everyone.
每个人都接受由市长颁发奖金这一建议。
第五节虚拟语气在其他从句中
1. It is (high / about ) time that…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形,should
不能省略.
It’s high time we went to the laboratory. 该是我们去实验室的时候了。
2. If only 引导的感叹句(要是...该有多好啊;但愿);
2.1 表示与现在或未来事实相反的愿望。用过去时或would/could+动词原形表示;
If only you listened to us!要是你听我们的话该多好啊!
2.2 与过去事实相反的愿望,用过去完成时。例如:
If only I had listened to the doctor’s advice! 我要是听了医生的话就好了。
3. would rather,would sooner, would as soon,would prefer + 从句也常用虚拟语气,表示宁愿、但愿之意。这种虚拟语气表示的不是与事实相反的假设,而是一种尚未实现的愿望
3.1 表示现在或将来的情况:在上述词后+主语+动词过去时。例如:
I would rather you left today.我宁愿你今天走。
I would sooner my daughter attended a public school. 但愿我的女儿能上公立学校。
I would prefer he didn’t stay here too long.
我倒希望他不要在这儿待得太久。
3.2 表示过去的情况,在上述词后+主语+动词过去完成时。例如:
I would rather I hadn’t seen that film yesterday.
我宁愿昨天没有看那场电影。
4. as if ( as though) 看起来even if ( even though)即使常用虚拟形式,其构成形式与wish后宾语从句里的虚拟语气的构成形式相同,表示与现在事实相反(从句意上判断),用过去式;与过去事实相反用过去完成式 (had done),would/could +动词原形。例如:
The football fans of act as if they were crazy. 那些足球迷们经常就像疯了似的。(act 与were发生在同一时间平面上)
He often talks about London as though he had been there. (had been there发生在talkes 之前)
他常常谈起伦敦,就好像他去过那里似的。
She often talks and talks as if she would never stop. (would never stop后于talks and talks 发生)
她常常讲起来没完没了。
5. 虚拟语气在in order that,so that,in case,lest,for fear that引导的目的状语从句中的应用,从句中的谓语动词用"may(might)+动词原形"或"should+动词原形"。在以lest引导的从句中,谓语动词用"should+动词原形"。例如:
He took his raincoat with him in case it should rain.他拿上了雨衣以防下雨。
He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again. 他被处以惩罚以免他再犯。He put his coat over the child for fear that he (should) catch cold.他把外套给孩子穿上以防孩子感冒。
6.wish 后面的宾语从句中,一般用虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词形式为:
表现在过去时 (表示与主句的谓语动词同时存在或先于主句谓语动词存在的与事实相反的愿望)
I wish I were a bird. (were 与wish 发生在同一时间平面上)
表过去过去完成时(从句的谓语动词先于主句的谓语动词发生或存在,(that)+主语+had+动词的过去分词)
I wish you had come to our Christmas party.
表将来would, might, could+动词原形(从句的谓语动词后于主句的谓语动词发生或存在)I wish that the rain could stop soon.